hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
NGC 1191
NGC 1191 is a lenticular galaxy approximately 406 million light-years away from Earth in the constellation of Eridanus. It was discovered by American astronomer Francis Leavenworth on December 2, 1885 with the 26" refractor at Leander McCormick Observatory.

Together with NGC 1189, NGC 1190, NGC 1192 and NGC 1199 it forms Hickson Compact Group 22 (HCG 22) galaxy group.  Although they are considered members of this group, NGC 1191 and NGC 1192 are in fact background objects, since they are much further away compared to the other members of this group.

Francis Preserved Leavenworth
Francis Preserved Leavenworth (September 3, 1858 in Mount Vernon, Indiana – November 12, 1928; a.k.a. Frank Leavenworth) was an American astronomer.  He discovered many New General Catalogue objects together with Frank Muller and Ormond Stone. They used a telescope with a 66-cm aperture at the Leander McCormick Observatory at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, Virginia. He later became Professor of Astronomy at the University of Minnesota in 1892 and was given the title Professor Emeritus when he retired 35 years later.

He became a member of the Camden Astronomical Society shortly after its founding in 1888.

In 1909 he joined Frederick C. Leonard's Society for Practical Astronomy.
Robert Hood Saunders
Robert Hood Saunders CBE QC (May 30, 1903 – January 16, 1955) was mayor of Toronto from 1945 to 1948, and then president of the Canadian National Exhibition, and chairman of the Ontario Hydro (formally named the Hydro Electric Power Commission of Ontario (HEPCO)). He was also a member of the Orange Order in Canada.

Ontario Hydro
Ontario Hydro, established in 1906 as the Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario, was a publicly owned electricity utility in the Province of Ontario. It was formed to build transmission lines to supply municipal utilities with electricity generated by private companies already operating at Niagara Falls, and soon developed its own generation resources by buying private generation stations and becoming a major designer and builder of new stations. As most of the readily developed hydroelectric sites became exploited, the corporation expanded into building coal-fired generation and then nuclear-powered facilities. Renamed as "Ontario Hydro" in 1974, by the 1990s it had become one of the largest, fully integrated electricity corporations in North America.
Epistles (Plato)
The Epistles (Greek: Ἐπιστολαί; Latin: Epistolae) of Plato are a series of thirteen letters traditionally included in the Platonic corpus.  With the exception of the Seventh Letter, they are generally considered to be forgeries; many scholars even reject the seventh. They were "generally accepted as genuine until modern times"; but by the close of the nineteenth century, many philologists  believed that none of the letters were actually written by Plato.

The Epistles focus mostly on Plato's time in Syracuse and his influence on the Syracusan tyrants Dion and Dionysius II.  They are generally biographical rather than philosophical, although several, notably the Seventh Letter, gesture at the doctrines of Plato's philosophy.  Only two, the Second and Seventh, directly reference Plato's teacher Socrates, the major figure within his philosophical dialogues.

Open letter
An open letter is a letter that is intended to be read by a wide audience, or a letter intended for an individual, but that is nonetheless widely distributed intentionally.

Open letters usually take the form of a letter addressed to an individual but are provided to the public through newspapers and other media, such as a letter to the editor or blog. Critical open letters addressed to political leaders are especially common.

Two of the most famous and influential open letters are J'accuse...! by Émile Zola to the president of France, accusing the French government of wrongfully convicting Alfred Dreyfus for alleged espionage; and Martin Luther King Jr.'s 1963 "Letter from Birmingham Jail", including the famous quotation "Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere".
Kinglake, Victoria
Kinglake is a town in Victoria, Australia, 56 km (35 mi) north-east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the Shires of Murrindindi and Nillumbik local government areas.

The town was one of the worst affected during the Black Saturday bushfires in 2009.

Shire of Nillumbik
The Shire of Nillumbik (/ˈnɪləmbɪk/ NILL-əm-bik) is a local government area in Victoria, Australia. It contains Melbourne's outer north-eastern suburbs, including the major centres of Eltham and Diamond Creek, as well as numerous rural localities beyond the urban area. It has an area of 432 square kilometres and at the 2021 census, the Shire had a population of 62,895.  The Shire uses the tag-line The Green Wedge Shire. The Nillumbik Council offices are located in Civic Drive, Greensborough.

The shire's name is derived from the Parish of Nillumbik, which was named in the 1830s, the term nyilum bik meaning "bad earth" or "red earth" in the local Aboriginal language Woiwurrung.

Nillumbik was rated third of 590 Australian local government areas in the Bankwest Quality of Life Index 2008.
Derikha
Derikha (Persian: دريخا, also Romanized as Derīkhā; also known as Derīkhvāh) is a village in Kohurestan Rural District, in the Kohurestan district (Khamir County) of Khamir County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 108, in 30 families.

Kahurestan Rural District
Kahurestan Rural District (Persian: دهستان کهورستان) is in Kahurestan District of Khamir County, Hormozgan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Jeyhun. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Kahurestan.
Legend of Lu Zhen
Legend of Lu Zhen (Chinese: 陆贞传奇) is a 2013 Chinese television historical drama series based on the novel Female Prime Minister (女相) by Zhang Wei. Directed by Li Huizhu, Zheng Wei'en and Liang Guoguan and produced by Yu Zheng and Mu Xiaohui, the series stars Zhao Liying and Chen Xiao. It was first broadcast on 5 May 2013 in China and subsequently aired in other Asian countries such as South Korea and Japan.

Lou Zhaojun
Lou Zhaojun (Chinese: 婁昭君; 501 – 20 May 562), posthumous name Empress Wuming (武明皇后), was an empress dowager and grand empress dowager of the Chinese Northern Qi dynasty. She was the wife of Gao Huan, the paramount general of the Northern Wei and Eastern Wei dynasties, and during Gao Huan's lifetime was already influential on the political scene. After Gao Huan's death, she continued to exert influence through the regency of her son Gao Cheng, and then as empress dowager after another son Gao Yang (Emperor Wenxuan) seized the Eastern Wei throne and established the Northern Qi. She continued to serve as grand empress dowager through the reigns of Gao Yang's son Gao Yin, and then again as empress dowager during the reigns of two more of her own sons, Emperor Xiaozhao and Emperor Wucheng.
Estádio da Calheta
Estádio da Calheta is a multi-purpose stadium in the village of Veneza (not far from the center) northwest of the town limits of Calheta de São Miguel in São Miguel, Cape Verde, just off the Praia-Pedra Badejo-Tarrafal Road (EN1-ST02). It is one of four that are operated by the Santiago North Regional Football Association (ARFSN). The stadium is home to Calheta's best clubs including AJAC, Desportivo da Calheta and Flor Jovem, recently it is the home field of ADEC.  All clubs participate in the Santiago Island League North Zone, two in the Premier Division and ADEC in the Second Division.

The stadium is also used as a training ground before its matches.

Calheta de São Miguel
Calheta de São Miguel is a city in the northern part of the island of Santiago, Cape Verde. In 2010 its population was 3,175. It is on the east coast, 31 km (19 mi) north of the capital Praia. It is the seat of São Miguel municipality.
Calheta de São Miguel forms an urban agglomeration with the adjacent settlements Veneza and Ponta Verde, total population 5,615 (2010).
Heia Station
Heia Station (Norwegian: Heia stasjon) is located at Heia in Rakkestad, Norway on the Eastern Østfold Line. The station is served by the Oslo Commuter Rail line R22 from Oslo S during rush hour. Heia Station was opened in 1896.

Rakkestad
Rakkestad is a municipality in Østfold county, Norway.  The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Rakkestad.  It is divided into the parishes of Rakkestad, Degernes, and Os.  The municipality is the county's second largest by area and one of Norway's largest agricultural areas.

Rakkestad was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). Degernes was separated from Rakkestad as a municipality of its own on 1 January 1917, but it was merged back into Rakkestad on 1 January 1964.

Rakkestad has a civil airport, Rakkestad Airport, Aastorp.
Capricornites
Capricornites is a genus of rutoceratids (Nautiloidea - Cephalopoda) from the Devonian, related to such genera as Rutoceras and Goldringia.

In some taxonomies (Manda & Turek, 2009) the Rutoceratidae are included in the Oncocerida rather than in the Nautilida

The name has been mis-spelt as Capriocornites in some tabulations.

Oncocerida
The Oncocerida comprise a diverse group of generally small nautiloid cephalopods known from the Middle Ordovician to the Mississippian (early Carboniferous; one possible member is known from the Early Permian), in which the connecting rings are thin and siphuncle segments are variably expanded (Flower, 1950). At present the order consists of some 16 families, a few of which, such as the Oncoceratidae, Brevicoceratidae, and Acleistoceratidae contain a fair number of genera each while others like the Trimeroceratidae and Archiacoceratidae are represented by only two or three (Sweet, 1964).
Grindstone-Rowes Run, Pennsylvania
Grindstone-Rowes Run was a census-designated place (CDP) in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, United States.

The population was 1,141 at the time of the 2000 census. For the 2010 census, the area was split into two CDPs, Grindstone and Rowes Run. The village of Grindstone is located in Jefferson Township, while Rowes Run is located in Redstone Township.

Fayette County, Pennsylvania
Fayette County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. It is located in southwestern Pennsylvania, adjacent to Maryland and West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 128,804. Its county seat is Uniontown. The county was created on September 26, 1783, from part of Westmoreland County and named after the Marquis de Lafayette. The county is part of the Southwest region of the commonwealth.

Fayette County is part of the Pittsburgh, PA Metropolitan Statistical Area. The southern border of Fayette County is the southern border of Pennsylvania at both the Pennsylvania–Maryland state line (the Mason–Dixon line) and the Pennsylvania–West Virginia state line.
Open-source architecture
Open-source architecture (OSArc) is an emerging paradigm that advocates for new procedures in the imagination and formation of virtual and real spaces within a universal infrastructure. Drawing from diverse references—modular design, avant-garde architectural, science fiction, language theory, and neuro-surgery—it adopts an inclusive approach, as per spatial design, towards a collaborative use of design and design tools by professionals and ordinary citizen users. The umbrella term citizen-centered design harnesses the notion of open-source architecture, which in itself involves the architecture of computer networks, and goes beyond it to the movement that encompasses building design professions as a whole.

Bruce Sterling
Michael Bruce Sterling (born April 14, 1954) is an American science fiction author known for his novels and short fiction and editorship of the Mirrorshades anthology. In particular, he is linked to the cyberpunk subgenre.

Sterling's first science-fiction story, "Man-Made Self", was sold in 1976.  He is the author of science-fiction novels, including Schismatrix (1985), Islands in the Net (1988), and Heavy Weather (1994). In 1992, he published his first non-fiction book, The Hacker Crackdown: Law and Disorder on the Electronic Frontier.

He has been interviewed for documentaries such as Freedom Downtime, TechnoCalyps and Traceroute.
Our Lady Queen of Martyrs Church (Manhattan)
40°51′50″N 73°55′41″W﻿ / ﻿40.86389°N 73.92806°W﻿ / 40.86389; -73.92806

Our Lady Queen of Martyrs Church, located at 81 Arden Street at Dongan Place, between Broadway and Sherman Avenue in the Inwood neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City, is a Roman Catholic parish church in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York.  The parish was established in 1927 and a church was built in 1928 to designs by Gustave E. Steinback.

Inwood, Manhattan
Inwood is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Manhattan, at the northern tip of Manhattan Island. It is bounded by the Hudson River to the west, Spuyten Duyvil Creek and Marble Hill to the north, the Harlem River to the east, and Washington Heights to the south.

Inwood is part of Manhattan Community District 12, and its primary ZIP Code is 10034. It is served by the 34th Precinct of the New York City Police Department and Engine Company 95/Ladder Company 36 of the New York City Fire Department. Politically, it is part of the New York City Council's 10th district.
Dichlorosilane
Dichlorosilane, or DCS as it is commonly known, is a chemical compound with the formula H2SiCl2. In its major use, it is mixed with ammonia (NH3) in LPCVD chambers to grow silicon nitride in semiconductor processing. A higher concentration of DCS·NH3 (i.e. 16:1), usually results in lower stress nitride films.

Silicon nitride
Silicon nitride is a chemical compound of the elements silicon and nitrogen. Si3N4 (Trisilicon tetranitride) is the most thermodynamically stable and commercially important of the silicon nitrides, and the term ″Silicon nitride″ commonly refers to this specific composition. It is a white, high-melting-point solid that is relatively chemically inert, being attacked by dilute HF and hot H3PO4. It is very hard (8.5 on the mohs scale). It has a high thermal stability with strong optical nonlinearities for all-optical applications.
Viron Transit
Viron Transportation Company or Viron Transit is a bus company servicing the Ilocos Region, Philippines. The bus company is owned by millionaire Santiago Rondaris' daughter. It formerly operated as far as the second district of Ilocos Sur but has started to operate as far as Laoag City after the collapse of its related bus company Times Transit.

Narvacan
Narvacan, officially the Municipality of Narvacan (Ilocano: Ili ti Narvacan; Filipino: Bayan ng Narvacan), is a municipality in the province of Ilocos Sur, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 46,265 people.
Valle Roveto
The Valle Roveto or Val Roveto (Roveto valley) is an Apennine valley, located in the Abruzzo Apennines, in the province of L'Aquila, in Marsica, a geographical and historical central Italian region. The Valley is crossed by the river Liri and is part of the larger Valle del Liri.

The valley includes the municipalities of Capistrello, Canistro, Civitella Roveto, Civita d'Antino, Morino, San Vincenzo Valle Roveto and Balsorano.

Capistrello
Capistrello is a comune and town in the province of L'Aquila in the Abruzzo region of central-southern Italy. It is located at the border between the upper Liri River valley and the Marsica. Capistrello borders the following municipalities: Avezzano, Canistro, Castellafiume, Filettino (Frosinone), Luco dei Marsi, Scurcola Marsicana and Tagliacozzo.
1st Rhode Island Infantry Regiment
The 1st Rhode Island Infantry Regiment were two regiments of the United States Army, the first of which was raised in 1861 at the beginning of the American Civil War on a 90-day enlistment, the second during the Spanish–American War in 1898.

Elisha Dyer Jr.
Elisha Dyer Jr. (November 29, 1839 – November 29, 1906) was a Rhode Island politician who was 45th Governor of Rhode Island from 1897 to 1900.  He was the son of Elisha Dyer, Governor of Rhode Island from 1857 to 1859.
Paul Chater
Sir Catchick Paul Chater (Armenian: Խաչիկ Փոլ Չաթեր; Chinese: 遮打; 8 September 1846 – 27 May 1926) was a prominent British businessman of Armenian descent in colonial Hong Kong, whose family roots were in Calcutta, India.

Japanese occupation of Hong Kong
The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began when the governor of Hong Kong, Mark Aitchison Young, surrendered the British Crown colony of Hong Kong to the Empire of Japan on 25 December 1941. His surrender occurred after 18 days of fierce fighting against the Japanese forces that invaded the territory. The occupation lasted for three years and eight months until Japan surrendered at the end of the Second World War. The length of the period (三年零八個月, lit. 'three years and eight months') later became a metonym of the occupation.
The Hole (lake)
The Hole Lake is a small alpine lake in Elmore County, Idaho, United States, located in the Sawtooth Mountains in the Sawtooth National Recreation Area.  The lake is accessed from Sawtooth National Forest trail 459 along Johnson Creek.

The Hole is in the Sawtooth Wilderness, and a wilderness permit can be obtained at a registration box at trailheads or wilderness boundaries.  This lake is just upstream of Johnson Lake.

Sawtooth Wilderness
The Sawtooth Wilderness is a federally-protected wilderness area that covers 217,088 acres (87,852 ha) of the state of Idaho. Managed by the U.S. Forest Service in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, it was designated the Sawtooth Primitive Area in 1937 to preserve the scenic beauty of the Sawtooth Mountains. On August 22, 1972 Public Law 92-400 designated the Primitive Area as the Sawtooth Wilderness and part of the newly created Sawtooth National Recreation Area. As part of the National Wilderness Preservation System, the Sawtooth Wilderness is an area where human development and use are restricted and people are to remain only visitors. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, the Sawtooth Wilderness has some of the clearest air in the lower 48 states.
Phaseolus polystachios
Phaseolus polystachios, also known as the thicket bean or wild kidney bean, is a perennial, herbaceous vine that is native to North America. It is unique among the Phaseolus in that its native range extends across the eastern temperate United States to southeast Canada, while most Phaseolus are tropical or subtropical. It is the namesake for the Polystachios group clade, which is the most species-rich within Phaseolus (17 species). In spite of its common name, it is more closely related to the lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus), and it holds potential as a crop wild relative due to its resistance to white mold (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum).

Lima bean
A lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus), also commonly known as butter bean, sieva bean, double bean or Madagascar bean, is a legume grown for its edible seeds or beans.

Although lima beans and butter beans are the same species, they are sometimes considered distinct in culinary use, the former being small and green, the latter large and yellow. In areas where both are considered to be lima beans, the green variety may be labeled as "baby" (and less commonly "junior") limas.
Pozharsky District
Pozharsky District (Russian: Пожа́рский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-two in Primorsky Krai, Russia. It is located in the northern and northwestern parts of the krai and borders with Khabarovsk Krai in the north, Terneysky District in the east and southeast, Krasnoarmeysky District in the south, Dalnerechensky District in the southwest, and with China in the west. The area of the district is 22,570.3 square kilometers (8,714.4 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Luchegorsk. Population:  31,086 (2010 Census); 34,120 (2002 Census); 35,826 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Luchegorsk accounts for 67.6% of the district's total population.

Dalnerechensky District
Dalnerechensky District (Russian: Дальнере́ченский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-two in Primorsky Krai, Russia. It is located in the central and western parts of the krai. The area of the district is 7,235.53 square kilometers (2,793.65 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Dalnerechensk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:  11,344 (2010 census); 13,995 (2002 census); 17,057 (1989 Soviet census).
Moscow Raceway
Moscow Raceway is an FIA-approved motor racing venue in the Volokolamsky District, Moscow Oblast, Russia. It is located near the villages of Sheludkovo and Fedyukovo, about 97-kilometre (60 mi) west from Moscow.

It opened on 13 July 2012 for its first event as the fifth round of the World Series by Renault becoming the first major international motor-sport race track event in Russia. It is an FIA Grade 1 circuit, which means that it has all the requirements necessary to host a Formula One race, though the Sochi Autodrom previously hosted Russian Formula One races during the existence of the Russian Grand Prix as a World Championship event.

2013 Supersport World Championship
The 2013 Supersport World Championship was the fifteenth season of the Supersport World Championship—the seventeenth taking into account the two held under the name of Supersport World Series. It began on 24 February at Phillip Island and finished on 20 October at the Circuito de Jerez after 13 rounds.

The season was marred by the death of Italian rider Andrea Antonelli at the Moscow Raceway round.
Brocadia
"Candidatus Brocadia" is a candidatus genus of bacteria, meaning that while it is well-characterized, it has not been grown as a pure culture yet. Due to this, much of what is known about Candidatus species (including Brocadia) has been discovered using culture-independent techniques such as metagenomic sequence analysis.

Some notable species within this genus include the type species, Candidatus Brocadia anammoxidans, along with Candidatus Brocadia sinica and Candidatus Brocadia fulgida. Many of the species in this genus, including those already listed, are capable of anaerobic ammonium oxidation, also known as anammox, an important part of the global nitrogen cycle. Anammox works by converting fixed nitrogen back into N2 gas in the atmosphere. Anammox bacteria have a unique, membrane-bound organelle where this anammox process takes place—it is called the anammoxosome.

Candidatus
In prokaryote nomenclature, Candidatus (abbreviated Ca.; Latin for 'candidate of Roman office') is used to name prokaryotic taxa that are well characterized but yet-uncultured. Contemporary sequencing approaches, such as 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing or metagenomics, provide much information about the analyzed organisms and thus allow identification and characterization of individual species. However, the majority of prokaryotic species remain uncultivable and hence inaccessible for further characterization in in vitro study. The recent discoveries of a multitude of candidate taxa has led to candidate phyla radiation expanding the tree of life through the new insights in bacterial diversity.