hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Walter Ofonagoro
Walter Ofonagoro Listenⓘ (born 24 June 1940) is a Nigerian scholar, politician and businessman who is a former Minister of Information and Culture, Federal Republic of Nigeria. He is also the Chairman of Stanwal Securities Limited (member of the Nigerian Stock Exchange), as well as Chairman of Merit Microfinance Bank Ltd.

Nigerian Television Authority
The Nigerian Television Authority or NTA is a Nigerian government-owned and partly commercial broadcast station. Originally known as Nigerian Television (NTV), it was inaugurated in 1977 with a monopoly on national television broadcasting, after a takeover of regional television stations by military governmental authorities in 1976. After a declining interest from the public in government-influenced programming, it lost its monopoly over television broadcasting in Nigeria in the 1990s.

The NTA runs the largest television network in Nigeria with stations in several parts of the country. It is widely viewed as the "authentic voice" of the Nigerian government.
Aphyodite
Aphyodite is a genus of characin in the family Characidae. It contains three species. It was originally described as a monotypic genus containing only Aphyodite grammica, which is endemic to the Essequibo River basin in Guyana; however, two more species were described in 2017: Aphyodite apiaka from the Solimões river basin and Aphyodite tupebas from the Madeira river basin.

Characiformes
Characiformes /ˈkærəsɪfɔːrmiːz/ is an order of ray-finned fish, comprising the characins and their allies. Grouped in 18 recognized families, more than 2000 different species are described, including the well-known piranha and tetras. Characins are most diverse in the Neotropics, where they are found in lakes and rivers throughout most of South and Central America. At least 209 species of characins are found in Africa, including the distichodontids, citharinids, alestids, and hepsetids. The rest of the characins originate in the Americas.

A few characins become quite large, and are important as food or game. Most, however, are small shoaling fish (or forage fish). Many species commonly called tetras are popular in aquaria because of their bright colors, general hardiness, and tolerance towards other fish in community tanks.
Gabriel of Dionysiou
Archimandrite Gabriel of Dionysiou (or Gabriel Dionysiatis, Greek: Γαβριήλ Διονυσιάτης, romanized: Gavriil Dionysiatis; Mesenikolas, Karditsa, Greece, 1886 – Dionysiou Monastery, Mount Athos, 6 November 1983) was a Greek Orthodox Christian monk who served as the abbot of Dionysiou Monastery from 1936 to the 1970s.

Archimandrite
The title archimandrite (/ˌɑːrkɪˈmændraɪt/; Greek: ἀρχιμανδρίτης, romanized: archimandritēs), used in Eastern Christianity, originally referred to a superior abbot (hegumenos, Greek: ἡγούμενος, present participle of the verb meaning "to lead") whom a bishop appointed to supervise several "ordinary" abbots and monasteries, or as the abbot of some especially great and important monastery, but nowadays it is most often used purely as a title of honor (with no connection to any actual monastery) and is bestowed on a hieromonk as a mark of respect or gratitude for service to the Church.

This title is only given to those priests who have been tonsured monks, while distinguished non-monastic (typically married) priests would be given the title of protopresbyter. In history, some women were able to obtain that title, notably when cross-dressing as male monks, such as Susanna the Deaconess.
P11D
Form P11D (Expenses and Benefits) is a tax form filed by United Kingdom employers for each director and for each employee and sent to the tax office with which their PAYE scheme is registered.  P11Ds are used to report benefits provided and expense payments made to employees by employers that are not put through the payroll.  The employees are also given a copy, should they need it for a self-assessment tax return.

This is not to be confused with form P11 (Deductions Working Sheet), which is for tracking deductions made by PAYE.

A similar form P9D (Expenses payments and income from which tax cannot be deducted) used to exist for employees earning less than £8500 per year, but that was abolished in April 2016.

HM Revenue and Customs
His Majesty's Revenue and Customs (commonly HM Revenue and Customs) is a  department of the UK government responsible for the collection of taxes, the payment of some forms of state support, the administration of other regulatory regimes including the national minimum wage and the issuance of national insurance numbers.

HMRC was formed by the merger of the Inland Revenue and HM Customs and Excise, which took effect on 18 April 2005. The department's logo is the Tudor Crown enclosed within a circle.
Shuddhadvaita
Shuddadvaita (Sanskrit: śuddhādvaita "pure non-dualism") is the "purely non-dual" philosophy propounded by the Hindu philosopher Vallabha (1479–1531 CE), the founder of Puṣṭimārga ("The path of grace"), a Vaishnava tradition focused on the worship of the deity Krishna.

The Shrinathji temple at Nathdwara, and compositions of eight poets (aṣṭasakha), including Surdas, are central to the worship by the followers of the sect.

Vitthalanatha
Viṭṭhalanātha (Devanagari: विट्ठलनाथ, IAST: Viṭṭhalanātha; 10 December 1515 – 10 February 1586), popularly known as Gusaijī, was an Indian philosopher. He was the younger son of Vallabha, who founded the Puṣṭimārga Sampradāya of Hinduism.
Beverly Depot–Odell Park Historic District
The Beverly Depot–Odell Park Historic District encompasses a commercial and industrial area of Beverly, Massachusetts that was developed to its height in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.  A central theme of the district relates to Beverly's transportation history with several railroad-related buildings, a carriage manufactory and early automobile factory.  The district, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2014, include two buildings previously listed: the Beverly Depot, built 1896, and the main post office, built 1910.

Beverly, Massachusetts
Beverly is a city in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States, and a suburb of Boston. The population was 42,670 at the time of the 2020 United States census. A resort, residential, and manufacturing community on the Massachusetts North Shore, Beverly includes Ryal Side, North Beverly, Centerville, Cove, Montserrat, Beverly Farms and Prides Crossing. Beverly is a rival of Marblehead for the title of "birthplace of the U.S. Navy".
Change Has Come
Change Has Come is the second EP by the Screaming Trees. It was the only recording the band released through Sub Pop.  After its 1990 release, the Screaming Trees moved on to a major label, Epic Records, for their next three albums - Uncle Anesthesia, Sweet Oblivion, and Dust, as well as the Something About Today EP. The album's cover art was photographed by Charles Peterson.

Drummer Mark Pickerel described the EP as "our best recorded moment"

Sweet Oblivion
Sweet Oblivion is the sixth studio album by Screaming Trees, released on September 8, 1992. It quickly became the band's best-selling record, and was the closest they ever came to achieving mainstream success. Sweet Oblivion sold in excess of  300,000 copies on the strength of the band's biggest hit, "Nearly Lost You". The song benefited from an appearance on Singles: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack, a Top Ten, platinum-selling hit album which featured many other popular Seattle-based music acts from the period.

Around the time of the recording of the album, the band’s original drummer Mark Pickerel left to pursue other musical interests, and was replaced with Barrett Martin.

Nearly four years passed in between Sweet Oblivion and the band's follow-up album, Dust, a move that hurt much of the band's commercial momentum.
2016 CIS Women's Volleyball Championship
The 2016 CIS Women's Volleyball Championship was held March 11–13, 2016, in Brandon, Manitoba, to determine a national champion for the 2015–16 CIS women's volleyball season. The tournament was played at the Healthy Living Centre and hosted by Brandon University. It was the first time that Brandon had hosted the tournament and coincided with the 10th anniversary of the Brandon Bobcats volleyball program.

The OUA Champion Toronto Varsity Blues completed a perfect 25–0 season by defeating the defending champion Trinity Western Spartans in the gold medal match 3–0 to claim the first women's volleyball national championship in program history. The Varsity Blues were the first team with an undefeated record over the course of the regular season and post-season since the 2010 UBC Thunderbirds. They were also the first OUA team to win the championship since the 1976 Western Mustangs and just the second OUA program to claim a national championship title.

U Sports women's volleyball championship
The U Sports Women's Volleyball Championship is a Canadian university volleyball tournament conducted by U Sports, and determines the women's national champion. The tournament involves the champions from each of Canada's four regional sports conferences. The championship trophy, first awarded in 1977, features a two-wheeled oxcart, symbolizing the pioneer era on the Red River in Manitoba. The 2025 champions are the Manitoba Bisons and the UBC Thunderbirds have won the most championships with a total of 14, including six in a row from 2008 to 2013.
Fear of frogs
Fear of frogs and toads is both a specific phobia, known simply as frog phobia or ranidaphobia (from Ranidae, the most widespread family of frogs), and a superstition common to the folkways of many cultures. Psychiatric specialty literature uses the simple term "fear of frogs" rather than any specialized term. The term batrachophobia (fear of amphibians) has also been recorded in a 1953 psychiatric dictionary.

Superstition
A superstition is any belief or practice considered by non-practitioners to be irrational or supernatural. It is commonly applied to beliefs and practices surrounding luck, fate, magic, amulets, astrology, fortune telling, spirits, and certain paranormal entities, particularly the belief that future events can be foretold by specific unrelated prior events.

The word superstition is also used to refer to a religion not practiced by the majority of a given society regardless of whether the prevailing religion contains alleged superstitions or to all religions by the antireligious.
2009 Copa Petrobras Montevideo
The 2009 Copa Petrobras Montevideo was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor red clay courts. It was the fifth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2009 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Montevideo, Uruguay between 5 and 11 October 2009.

2009 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour is the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2009 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 20 top tier Tretorn SERIE+ tournaments, and 142 regular series tournaments, with prize money ranging from $25,000 up to $150,000.
Dean Britt
Dean Britt (born 17 March 1994) is an Australian professional rugby league footballer who last played as a second-row forward for the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs in the NRL.

He previously played for the Melbourne Storm and the South Sydney Rabbitohs in the National Rugby League.

NSW Cup
The NSW Cup, currently known as the Knock-On Effect NSW Cup for sponsorship reasons, is a rugby league competition for clubs in New South Wales. The competition has a history dating back to the NSWRFL's origins in 1908, starting off as a reserve grade competition, and is now the premier open age competition in the state. The New South Wales Cup, along with the Queensland Cup, acts as a feeder competition to the National Rugby League premiership. The competition is the oldest continuous rugby league competition in Australia.

The NSW Cup is contested by reserve squads of NSW-based NRL teams and also includes sides representing teams that once competed at the first grade level in the NSWRL Premiership but no longer field teams in the NRL competition, and teams that have not fielded teams in the NRL competition. The North Sydney Bears are the only team to have competed in every season, since the start of the competition since 1908.
Marie Zéphyrine of France
Marie Zéphyrine of France (26 August 1750 – 2 September 1755) was a daughter (princess) of France as the daughter of Louis, Dauphin of France and Maria Josepha of Saxony and granddaughter of King Louis XV. She was known as la petite Madame.

Fils de France
Fils de France (French pronunciation: [fis də fʁɑ̃s], Son of France) was the style and rank held by the sons of the kings and dauphins of France. A daughter was known as a fille de France (French pronunciation: [fij də fʁɑ̃s], Daughter of France).

The children of the dauphin (a title reserved for the king's heir apparent, whether son, grandson or great-grandson of the monarch) were accorded the same style and status as if they were the king's children instead of his grandchildren or great-grandchildren.
Carex forficula
Carex forficula, also known as scissors-like sedge and xi shui tai cao in pinyin in China, is a tussock-forming species of perennial sedge in the family Cyperaceae. It is native to Japan, Korea, and eastern parts of China and Russia.

The species was first formally described by the botanists Adrien René Franchet and Ludovic Savatier in 1878 as a part of the work Enumeratio Plantarum in Japonia Sponte Crescentium.

Carex
Carex is a vast genus of over 2,000 species of grass-like plants in the family Cyperaceae, commonly known as sedges (or seg, in older books). Other members of the family Cyperaceae are also called sedges; however, those of genus Carex may be called true sedges. Carex is the most species-rich genus in the family. The study of Carex is known as caricology.
Qeshlaq-e Sialeh
Qeshlaq-e Sialeh (Persian: قشلاق سياله, also Romanized as Qeshlāq-e Sīāleh; also known as Sīāleh) is a village in Nur Ali Beyk Rural District, in the Central District of Saveh County, Markazi Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 32, in 9 families.

Nur Ali Beyk Rural District
Nur Ali Beyk Rural District (Persian: دهستان نورعلي بيك) is in the Central District of Saveh County, Markazi province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Yalabad. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Qardin.
Decision management
Decision management refers to the process of designing, building, and managing automated decision-making systems that support or replace human decision-making in organizations. It integrates business rules, predictive analytics, and decision modeling to streamline and automate operational decisions. These systems combine business rules and potentially machine learning to automate routine business decisions and are typically embedded in business operations where large volumes of routine decisions are made, such as fraud detection, customer service routing, and claims processing.

Decision management differs from decision support systems in that its primary focus is on automating operational decisions, rather than solely providing information to assist human decision-makers. It incorporates technologies designed for real-time decision-making with minimal human intervention.

Expert system
In artificial intelligence (AI), an expert system is a computer system emulating the decision-making ability of a human expert.
Expert systems are designed to solve complex problems by reasoning through bodies of knowledge, represented mainly as if–then rules rather than through conventional procedural programming code.  Expert systems were among the first truly successful forms of AI software. They were created in the 1970s and then proliferated in the 1980s, being then widely regarded as the future of AI — before the advent of successful artificial neural networks.
An expert system is divided into two subsystems: 1) a knowledge base, which represents facts and rules; and 2) an inference engine, which applies the rules to the known facts to deduce new facts, and can include explaining and debugging abilities.
Celeb Five
Celeb Five (Korean: 셀럽파이브) is a South Korean girl group composed of female comedians. The group is composed of four members: Kim Shin-young, Song Eun-i, Shin Bong-sun, and Ahn Young-mi. Originally a five-piece group, Kim Young-hee later departed from the group in late 2018.

Kim Shin-young
Kim Shin-young (Korean: 김신영; born December 20, 1983) is a South Korean comedian, MC and DJ. She debuted in 2004 on the SBS show People Looking For Laughter and won 'Best Variety Performer' at the 42nd Baeksang Arts Awards in 2006. She has hosted numerous variety shows and radio shows in South Korea and has won several awards for comedy and hosting in her career. In 2018, Kim became a member of Celeb Five (셀럽파이브), a dance group produced by CONTENTS LAB VIVO, a contents company owned by Song Eun-i.
Erftstadt
Erftstadt (German pronunciation: [ˈɛʁftˌʃtat] ⓘ) is a town located about 20 km south-west of Cologne in the Rhein-Erft-Kreis, state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The name of the town derives from the river that flows through it, the Erft. The neighbouring towns are Brühl, Kerpen, Zülpich and Weilerswist.

In 1977, the RAF held their hostage, Hanns-Martin Schleyer, captive in a flat in Liblar for about a month.

A landslide during the 2021 European floods led to the collapse of several houses.

Kerpen
Kerpen (German: [ˈkɛʁpn̩] ⓘ; Ripuarian: Kerpe) is the most populated town in the Rhein-Erft-Kreis (North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany). It is located about 20 kilometres southwest from Cologne. As of 2023, Kerpen has a total population of 67,627.
Geiger (crater)
Geiger is a lunar impact crater on the far side of the Moon. It lies to the southwest of the much larger walled plain Keeler, and slightly farther to the northeast of the huge walled plain Gagarin. To the south is the crater Cyrano.

This is a not-quite symmetrical crater formation with small outward bulges along the north and northeast. The rim to the southeast is less well-formed than elsewhere. The northern inner wall is more extensive than elsewhere, slumping across about one-third the inner floor. The interior is otherwise relatively level and is marked by a few tiny craterlets.

Cyrano (crater)
Cyrano is a lunar impact crater that lies on the far side of the Moon. It lies due east of the huge walled plain Gagarin, and to the north of the somewhat smaller crater Barbier.

The most notable aspect of this crater are the small impacts along the western and southwest rim, with the pear-shaped Cyrano P forming the later intrusion into the interior. The remainder of the rim has received some wear, and is particularly eroded at the northern end. There are also a few small craters within the interior, with a merged crater pair near the eastern side and a crater along the northeast inner wall. The northern half of the interior floor is slightly more irregular than the southern part.
Longbridge Weir Hydro
Longbridge Weir Hydro Power House is the name given to a hydro-electric dam built on the River Derwent in the City of Derby.

The project was completed by Derwent Hydro in 2013 at a cost of £1.7 million. The station primarily exists to power the city councils offices, however, surplus energy is sold back to the National Grid.

River Derwent, Derbyshire
The Derwent is a river in Derbyshire, England. It is 50 miles (80 km) long and is a tributary of the River Trent, which it joins south of Derby. The river's course is largely in the Peak District and its foothills.

Much of the river's route, with the exception of the city of Derby, is rural. However, the river has also seen many human uses, and between Matlock and Derby was one of the cradles of the Industrial Revolution. It is the site of the Derwent Valley Mills, the first industrial-scale cotton mills. Today it provides a water supply to several surrounding cities, and its steep-sided valley is an important communications corridor through the uplands of the Peak District.

The scenery of the Derwent valley attracts many tourists. The upper reaches pass through the Peak District National Park, whilst the middle reaches around the old spa town of Matlock Bath offer souvenir shops and amusement arcades, together with attractions such as the Heights of Abraham and its cable car.
Glossary of library and information science
This glossary page is created to give readers a place to find key terms and concepts used in the Library and Information Science (LIS) field. There are a large range of topics including cataloging and organization, metadata, digital libraries, archival studies, and other areas covered. The purpose is to have one place with reliable sources for professionals in the field and students who are planning to go into it.

This page is a glossary of library and information science.

Library and information science
Library and information science (LIS) are two academic disciplines that study all aspects of the creation, organization, documentation, management, communication, and use of recorded information. It underlies a variety of professional activities such as information management, librarianship, and archiving and records management, educating professionals for work in those areas, and carrying out research to improve practice.

Library science and information science are two original disciplines; however, they are within the same field of study. Library science is applied information science, as well as a subfield of information science. Due to the strong connection, sometimes the two terms are used synonymously.
Raamah
Raamah (Hebrew: רַעְמָה‎, Raʿmā) is a name found in the Torah, meaning "lofty" or "exalted", and possibly "thunder".

The name is first mentioned as the fourth son of Cush, who is the son of Ham, who is the son of Noah in Gen. 10:7, and later appears as a country that traded with the Phoenician city-state of Tyre, in Ezekiel 27:22. It has been connected with Rhammanitae mentioned by Strabo in the southwest Arabian Peninsula, and with an Arabian city of Regmah at the head of the Persian Gulf.

This country of Raamah is usually assumed to be somewhere in the region of Yemen; Sheba was a son of Raamah, and his descendants are often held to be included among the Sabaeans. Dedan, son of Raamah. Apparently a region of the Medina Province of Saudi Arabia.

However, there was also an Israelite city called Ramah, somewhat closer to Tyre.

Ham (Genesis)
Ham (in Hebrew: חָם), according to the Table of Nations in the Book of Genesis, was either the second or the youngest son of Noah, and the father of Cush, Mizraim, Phut and Canaan.

Ham's descendants are interpreted by Josephus and others as having populated Africa. The Bible refers to Egypt as "the land of Ham" in Psalms 78:51; 105:23, 27; 106:22; and 1 Chronicles 4:40.
Barrys Reef
Barrys Reef (previously known as Bayup and then Barry's Reef) is a locality near Blackwood in Australia. The population of the locality is 39.

The local story of the origin of Barrys Reef refers to a man who was exiled from the town of Blackwood after a drunken brawl so he started walking to find a suitable place to live. After an hour of walking northwards away from Blackwood, the man (Barry Francis) found gold in the area and set up camp eventually building a house. Later on in the gold rush days Barry's Reef grew in size and at one stage had six hotels. After the gold rush the town eventually started to dwindle in population and was usually mistaken for North Blackwood. Nowadays the local people use the towns name as an excuse for not living in Blackwood or Trentham.

Blackwood, Victoria
Blackwood is a town in Victoria, Australia.  The township is located on the Lerderderg River, 89 kilometres north-west of the state capital, Melbourne, within the Wombat State Forest.  Blackwood is in the Shire of Moorabool local government area and had a population of 387 at the 2021 census.