hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thomas B. Allen (author)
Thomas Benton Allen (March 20, 1929 – December 11, 2018) was an American author and historian.  He resided in Bethesda, Maryland. He was also the father of science fiction writer Roger MacBride Allen. Allen was a contributing editor to National Geographic. Allen had co-authored numerous books with Norman Polmar. He had also written numerous mystery novels.

Norman Polmar
Norman Polmar is an author specializing in the naval, aviation, and intelligence areas.

He has led major projects for the United States Department of Defense and the United States Navy, and foreign governments. His professional expertise has served three Secretaries of the U.S. Navy and two Chiefs of Naval Operations. He is credited with 50 published books, including nine previous editions of Ships and Aircraft of the U.S. Fleet and four editions of Guide to the Soviet Navy.  Polmar writes a column for  Proceedings  and was editor of the United States and several other sections of the annual publications of Janes Fighting Ships.

In 2019, the Naval Historical Foundation awarded Polmar the Commodore Dudley W. Knox Naval History Lifetime Achievement Award.
Fire worship
Worship or deification of fire (also pyrodulia, pyrolatry or pyrolatria), or fire rituals, religious rituals centred on a fire, are known from various religions. Fire has been an important part of human culture since the Lower Paleolithic. Religious or animist notions connected to fire are assumed to reach back to such early prehuman times.

Apotropaic magic
Apotropaic magic (From Ancient Greek: ἀποτρέπω, romanized: apotrépō, lit. 'to ward off') or protective magic is a type of magic intended to turn away harm or evil influences, as in deflecting misfortune or averting the evil eye. Apotropaic observances may also be practiced out of superstition or out of tradition, as in good luck charms (perhaps some token on a charm bracelet), amulets, or gestures such as crossed fingers or knocking on wood, or as part of complex rituals of social transformation such as migration. Many different objects and charms are used for protection by many peoples throughout history.
History of flags
A flag is a distinctive piece of fabric used as a symbol, a signalling device, or for decoration. While the origin of flags is unknown, flag-like symbols have been described as far back as 11th century BC China and have been used by other ancient civilisations such as Egypt and Rome.

During the Medieval period, silk from China allowed a variety of peoples, such as the Arabs and the Norse, to develop flags which flew from poles. Developments in heraldry led to the creation of personal heraldic banners for rulers and other important people in the European kingdoms. Flags began to be regularly used on board ships for identification and communication in the Age of Sail. In the 18th century and onwards, a rising tide of nationalism around the world meant that common people began to regularly identify themselves with nation-states and their symbols, including flags. In the modern day, every national entity and many sub-national entities employ flags for identification.

Flag
A flag is a piece of fabric (most often rectangular) with distinctive colours and design, often flown from a pole and used for symbolic, signalling, or decorative purposes. The term flag is also used to refer to the graphic design employed on such pieces of fabric. The study of flags is known as "vexillology" from the Latin vexillum, meaning "flag" or "banner".

The first flags were used to aid military coordination on the battlefield, and flags have since evolved into a common tool for basic signalling and identification, especially in environments where communication is challenging (such as maritime environments where semaphore is used). The national flag is a common patriotic symbol of a country, and many national or other flags may be assigned to flag families based on similarities in their designs that demonstrate a shared history, culture, or influence. Flags are also used in messages, advertising, or for other decorative purposes.
Bundesvision Song Contest 2011
The Bundesvision Song Contest 2011 was the seventh edition of the annual Bundesvision Song Contest musical event. The contest was held on 29 September 2011 at the Lanxess Arena in Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, following Unheilig's win in the 2010 contest in Berlin with the song "Unter deiner Flagge". This was the second time that North Rhine-Westphalia had hosted the contest, after previously hosting in the first contest Oberhausen in 2005.

The contest was hosted by Stefan Raab, Johanna Klum, with Lena Meyer-Landrut; Germany's Eurovision Song Contest 2010 winner, and representative in the Eurovision Song Contest 2011 conducting interviews in the green room, whilst regular green room host Elton sat in the fan block.

Bundesvision Song Contest 2005
The Bundesvision Song Contest 2005 was the first edition of the annual Bundesvision Song Contest musical event. The contest was held on 12 February 2005 at the König Pilsener Arena in Oberhausen, North Rhine-Westphalia. The contest was hosted by Stefan Raab, Annette Frier, and Oliver Pocher in the green room. It was the first Germany-wide music competition in this format.
Elisabeth of Cieszyn
Elisabeth of Cieszyn (Polish: Elżbieta cieszyńska; after 1340? – after 20 January 1364), was a Polish princess, member of the Piast dynasty in the Cieszyn branch.

She was the fourth daughter and youngest child of Casimir I, Duke of Cieszyn, by his wife Euphemia, daughter of Duke Trojden I of Czersk-Warsaw.

Piast dynasty
The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 960–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of King Casimir III the Great.

Branches of the Piast dynasty continued to rule in the Duchy of Masovia (until 1526) and in the Duchies of Silesia until the last male Silesian Piast died in 1675. The Piasts intermarried with several noble lines of Europe, and possessed numerous titles, some within the Holy Roman Empire. The Jagiellonian kings ruling after the death of Casimir IV of Poland were also descended in the female line from Casimir III's daughter.
Government Champhai College
The Government Champhai College is a government university college associated with Mizoram University, located in Champhai, Mizoram, in India. Established as a private college in 1971 by the philanthropists of Champhai town and neighboring villages, the founders' objective was providing collegiate education to the students of this remote hilly tribal town near the international border of India with Myanmar.

Champhai
Champhai is the third largest town in Mizoram, northeast India and is one of the oldest settlements founded by the Mizo people that initially served as a capital for the Hmar dynasty. Located near the India–Myanmar border, it facilitates cross-border trade and serves as a hub for trade and commerce in the region.

Unlike most urban places in Mizoram, Champhai is situated in a valley and on top of a small hill. It is situated at an elevation of approximately 1,678 meters (5,505 feet) above sea level. It had an estimated population of 44,000 in 2023.
Anna Maria Desmond
Anna Maria Desmond (1839–1921), in religion Sister Francis Xavier, was a Roman Catholic nun and teacher in Queensland, Australia. She was the Mother Superior of St Patrick's Convent in Townsville and was involved in establishing schools in Queensland.

Anna Maria Desmond originally took her vows in with the name Sister Francis Xavier but it was changed to Sister Benigna on her voyage to Australia in 1872 as there was another Sister Francis Xavier onboard. She arrived in Brisbane in May 1872 and in 1873 went to Rockhampton to help establish a convent. From 1874 to 1878, she did charity and taught music in Brisbane.

In 1879, Sister Beninga with the Sisters of Mercy went to Townsville and reopened St Joseph's School at the beginning of the school year and became leader of the community.

Sisters of Mercy
The Sisters of Mercy is a religious institute for women in the Catholic Church. It was founded in 1831 in Dublin, Ireland, by Catherine McAuley. In 2019, the institute had about 6,200 sisters worldwide, organized into a number of independent congregations. Notable achievements include the foundation of education and health care facilities around the world.
Baruipara railway station
Baruipara railway station is a railway station in Baruipara, a small town on the Howrah–Barddhaman chord line and is located in Hooghly district of the Indian state of West Bengal. The station is 27 kilometres (17 mi) from Howrah and is a part of the Kolkata Suburban Railway system.

Howrah–Barddhaman chord line
The Howrah–Barddhaman chord line is a broad-gauge rail line connecting Howrah and Bardhaman. The 95-kilometre-long (59 mi) railway line operates in Howrah,  Hooghly and Purba Bardhaman districts in the state of West Bengal. It is part of the Howrah–Gaya–Delhi line, Howrah–Delhi main line, Howrah–Prayagraj–Mumbai line and the Kolkata Suburban Railway system.
Waiblingen
Waiblingen (German pronunciation: [ˈvaɪblɪŋən] ⓘ; Swabian: Woeblinge) is a town in the southwest of Germany, located in the center of the densely populated Stuttgart region, directly neighboring Stuttgart. It is the capital and largest city of the Rems-Murr district. As of 31 December 2018, Waiblingen had 55,449 inhabitants (27,334 men and 28,115 women).

As of 31 December 2004, the area of the town (including all external properties, such as forests) was 42.76 km2 (16.51 sq mi).

Rems-Murr-Kreis
Rems-Murr is a Landkreis (district) in the middle of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from north clockwise) Heilbronn, Schwäbisch Hall, Ostalbkreis, Göppingen, Esslingen, the district-free city Stuttgart and the district Ludwigsburg.
Seppo Kuusela
Seppo Kuusela (25 February 1934 – 16 October 2014) was a Finnish basketball player, basketball coach, and handball player. At 182 cm tall, he played at the point guard and shooting guard positions, as a basketball player. He was twice voted the Finnish Basketball Player of the Year, in 1959 and 1960, by Finnish sports journalists.

Korisliiga
The Korisliiga is the top-tier professional basketball league in Finland, comprising the top 12 teams of the country. In its current format, each team plays all other teams two times in the regular season, once at home and once away, for a total of 22 regular season games. The top six teams advances continues to upper stage and the bottom six teams plays lower stage after 22 games, 5 games at home and 5 games at away versus all other teams in stage. The best two teams from lower group joins to playoffs with upper group teams. Playoffs are played best of seven format, except the quarter-finals which are played best of 5 format. Pantterit holds the record for the most league titles won, with 14. The top level Finnish league for women is the Naisten Korisliiga.
Charbel Nahas
Charbel Nahas (Arabic: شربل نحاس; born 16 August 1954) is a Lebanese politician, economist and engineer who is the General Secretary of Citizens in a State, a political party that was established in 2016 and that has as its goal to create "a civil, democratic, fair and capable state". He is widely considered to be a Lebanese progressive whose priority has been to improve living conditions for the country's disenfranchised poor.

Nahas served as labour minister in Najib Mikati's second government as one of eleven Change and Reform ministers, led by Michel Aoun. He resigned on 22 February 2012, arguing that all of his colleagues in government were preventing any effective improvement in workers' rights.

Social anthropology
Social anthropology is the study of patterns of behaviour in human societies and cultures. It is the dominant constituent of anthropology throughout the United Kingdom and much of Europe, where it is distinguished from cultural anthropology. In the United States, social anthropology is commonly subsumed within cultural anthropology or sociocultural anthropology.
Correspondence of Lorraine toponyms in French and German
The various toponyms in the historical region of Lorraine are often known by very different names depending on the language in which they are expressed. This article provides an understanding of the linguistic and historical origin of this diversity and lists a number of correspondences for communes and lesser localities in the four departments of the former region: Meuse, Meurthe-et-Moselle, Moselle, and Vosges.

Vosges (department)
Vosges (French pronunciation: [voʒ] ⓘ) is a department in the Grand Est region, Northeastern France. It covers part of the Vosges mountain range, after which it is named. Vosges consists of three arrondissements, 17 cantons and 507 communes, including Domrémy-la-Pucelle, where Joan of Arc was born. In 2019, it had a population of 364,499 with an area of 5,874 km2 (2,268 sq mi); its prefecture is Épinal.
2024 DFL-Supercup
The 2024 DFL-Supercup was the 15th edition of the German super cup under the name DFL-Supercup, an annual football match contested by the winners of the previous season's Bundesliga and DFB-Pokal competitions. The match was played on 17 August 2024.

The match featured Bayer Leverkusen, the champions of the 2023–24 Bundesliga and winners of the 2023–24 DFB-Pokal (completing a domestic double), and VfB Stuttgart, the runners-up of the Bundesliga. Though the league champions usually played away, the Deutsche Fußball Liga selected Bayer Leverkusen to host the match at the BayArena in Leverkusen. This was the first DFL-Supercup since 2011 not to feature Bayern Munich.

Bayer Leverkusen won the match 4–3 on penalties, following a 2–2 draw after 90 minutes, for their first DFL-Supercup title.

Franz Beckenbauer Supercup
The Franz Beckenbauer Supercup or German Super Cup is an annual football match in Germany that features the winners of the Bundesliga championship and the DFB-Pokal. The competition is run by the Deutsche Fußball Liga (English: German Football League).
Hempfield Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania
Hempfield Township is a township in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 41,585 at the 2,020 census, making it the largest suburb in the Pittsburgh Metropolitan Area by population. Its name is derived from Hempfield in Lancaster County, which was formed in 1729 and is named after the hemp fields in the area.

Township (Pennsylvania)
A township, under the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is the lowest level of municipal incorporation of government. All of Pennsylvania's communities outside of incorporated cities, boroughs, and one town have been incorporated into individual townships that serve as the legal entities providing local self-government functions.

In general, townships in Pennsylvania encompass larger land areas than other municipalities, and tend to be located in suburban, exurban, or rural parts of the commonwealth. As with other incorporated municipalities in Pennsylvania, townships exist within counties and are subordinate to or dependent upon the county level of government.
2017 UCI Road World Championships – Women's team time trial
The Women's team time trial of the 2017 UCI Road World Championships was a cycling event that took place on 17 September 2017 in Bergen, Norway. Nine teams and a total of fifty-four riders contested the event, the opening race of the Road World Championships.

Team Sunweb from the Netherlands won the world title for the first time, completing the race at an average speed of 45.786 kilometres per hour (28.450 mph), 12.43 seconds faster than another Dutch team Boels–Dolmans, the defending world champions. The bronze medal went to Cervélo–Bigla Pro Cycling from Germany, 28 seconds behind Boels–Dolmans.

Amongst the winning riders for Team Sunweb, Ellen van Dijk won her fourth team time trial world championships, having won in 2012 and 2013 for Specialized–lululemon and 2016 for Boels–Dolmans. The five remaining riders won their first world title, in a result described as an "upset", as it was the squad's first team time trial win of 2017.

2016 UCI Road World Championships – Women's team time trial
The Women's team time trial of the 2016 UCI Road World Championships was a cycling event that took place on 9 October 2016 in Doha, Qatar.

Boels–Dolmans won the race at an average speed of 49.288 kilometres per hour (30.626 mph), 48.24 seconds faster than the German team Canyon–SRAM. The bronze medal went to Cervélo–Bigla Pro Cycling from Germany, almost 2 minutes behind Boels–Dolmans.

Amongst the winning riders for Boels–Dolmans, Evelyn Stevens won her fourth team time trial world championships (after 2012, 2013 and 2014), while Ellen van Dijk (after 2012 and 2013) and Karol-Ann Canuel (after 2014 and 2015) won their third titles and Chantal Blaak took her second (after 2014).
Ungwana
"Ungwana" ("Liberty"), also known as "Comor Masiwa Mane" ("Four Comorian Islands"), was the national anthem of the State of the Comoros from 1975 or 1976 to 1978, when a coup by Ahmed Abdallah and Bob Denard took place, and it was replaced by the current anthem, "Udzima wa ya Masiwa". It was written and composed by Abdérémane Chihabiddine, better known as Abou Chihabi, a musician with the Comorian folk band Folkomor Océan. It was adopted under the Ali Soilih administration following a competition won by Chihabi.

Mayotte (claimed by the Comoros but under French administration) is also mentioned in the song.

National anthem
A national anthem is a patriotic musical composition symbolizing and evoking eulogies of the history and traditions of a country or nation. The majority of national anthems are marches or hymns in style. Some countries that are devolved into multiple constituent states have their own official musical compositions for them (such as with the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union); their constituencies' songs are sometimes referred to as national anthems even though they are not sovereign states.
Myddelton family
The Myddelton family were substantial landowners and benefactors in and around Denbigh in the north-east of Wales. As landowners and members of parliament, a number of its members were elevated to the baronetcy. For several generations, the family were governors of Denbigh Castle and owned Chirk Castle well into the 20th century.

Sir Thomas Myddelton, 1st Baronet
Sir Thomas Myddelton, 1st Baronet (2 November 1624 – 13 July 1663) was a Welsh politician who sat in the House of Commons variously between 1646 and 1663. He supported the Parliamentary cause in the English Civil War but later took part in the Cheshire Uprising (1659) in support of the Restoration.
Naval history of China
The naval history of China dates back thousands of years, with archives existing since the late Spring and Autumn period regarding the Chinese navy and the various ship types employed in wars. The Ming dynasty of China was the leading global maritime power between 1400 and 1433, when Chinese shipbuilders built massive ocean-going junks and the Chinese imperial court launched seven maritime voyages. In modern times, the current People's Republic of China and the Republic of China governments continue to maintain standing navies through the People's Liberation Army Navy and the Republic of China Navy, respectively.

Guangdong Fleet
The Guangdong Fleet (Chinese: 廣東水師) was the smallest of Qing China's four regional fleets during the second half of the nineteenth century. The fleet played virtually no part in the Sino-French War, but several of its ships were involved in the First Sino-Japanese War.
NFL All-Decade Teams
The National Football League (NFL) All-Decade Teams are honorary teams named by members of the Pro Football Hall of Fame selection committee.

NFL All-Decade Teams include:

NFL 1920s All-Decade Team

NFL 1930s All-Decade Team

NFL 1940s All-Decade Team

NFL 1950s All-Decade Team

NFL 1960s All-Decade Team

NFL 1970s All-Decade Team

NFL 1980s All-Decade Team

NFL 1990s All-Decade Team

NFL 2000s All-Decade Team

NFL 2010s All-Decade Team

NFL 1960s All-Decade Team
This is a list of National Football League (NFL) players who had outstanding performances throughout the 1960s and have been compiled together into this fantasy group. The team was selected by voters of the Pro Football Hall of Fame at the end of the decade. Players that also made the National Football League 1970s All-Decade Team were Bob Lilly, Dick Butkus, Merlin Olsen, Larry Wilson, and Jim Bakken.
American Experience season 6
Season six of the television program American Experience originally aired on the PBS network in the United States on October 27, 1993 and concluded on May 25, 1994. This is the sixth season to feature David McCullough as the host. The season contained eight new episodes and began with the film Amelia Earhart: The Price of Courage.

David McCullough
David Gaub McCullough (/məˈkʌlə/ mə-KUL-ə; July 7, 1933 – August 7, 2022) was an American popular historian and author. He was a two-time winner of both the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award. In 2006, he was given the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the United States' highest civilian award.

Born and raised in Pittsburgh, McCullough earned a bachelor's degree in English literature from Yale University. His first book was The Johnstown Flood (1968), and he wrote nine more on such topics as Harry S. Truman, John Adams, Theodore Roosevelt, the Brooklyn Bridge, the Panama Canal, and the Wright brothers. McCullough also narrated numerous documentaries, such as The Civil War by Ken Burns, as well as the 2003 film Seabiscuit, and he hosted the PBS television documentary series American Experience for twelve years. McCullough's two Pulitzer Prize–winning books—Truman and John Adams.—were adapted by HBO into a television film and a miniseries, respectively.
The Weber School
The Felicia Penzell Weber Jewish Community High School, often referred to as The Weber School, is a coeducational and pluralistic Jewish community high school located in Sandy Springs, Georgia, United States. Weber has approximately 350 students, the majority of whom come from The Epstein School, The Davis Academy, Atlanta Jewish Academy, and other private and public schools.

Atlanta Jewish Academy
Atlanta Jewish Academy was created by the merger of Greenfield Hebrew Academy and Yeshiva Atlanta on July 1, 2014.

The school is the first Infant through 12th grade Jewish day school in Greater Atlanta. It previously had two campuses, the lower school located in Sandy Springs and the upper school located in Doraville. However, in August 2017, the upper school moved into a new building added on to the Sandy Springs location.

Atlanta Jewish Academy is accredited by AdvancED (formerly SACS) and the Southern Association of Independent Schools (SAIS).

The first head of school was Rabbi Pinchos Hecht. The second head of school is Rabbi Ari Leubitz, who began his term on August 1, 2016.
Alex Murphy (basketball)
Alex James Murphy (born June 3, 1993) is a Finnish-American professional basketball player who plays for Fuenlabrada in the Primera FEB. He played college basketball for Duke University, the University of Florida and Northeastern University. He is the son of former National Basketball Association (NBA) player Jay Murphy, and the brother of former NBA forward Erik Murphy. He plays for the Finnish national team.

Finnish Americans
Finnish Americans (Finnish: amerikansuomalaiset, pronounced [ˈɑmerikɑnˌsuo̯mɑlɑi̯set]) comprise Americans with ancestral roots in Finland, or Finnish people who immigrated to and reside in the United States. The Finnish-American population is around 650,000. Many Finnish people historically immigrated to the Upper Peninsula of Michigan and the Iron Range of northern Minnesota to work in the mining industry; much of the population in these regions is of Finnish descent.