hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1975 Winter Universiade
The 1975 Winter Universiade, the VIII Winter Universiade, took place in Livigno, Italy.

The competition was held as, and also known as, the World University Skiing Championships, as the games included only two events (alpine and cross-country skiing).

Livigno
Livigno (Italian: [liˈviɲɲo]; local Lombard: Livígn [liˈʋiɲ]; German: Luwin) is a town, comune and a special-administered territory in the province of Sondrio, in the region of Lombardy, Italy, located in the Italian Alps, near the Swiss border.
Asuaju de Sus
Asuaju de Sus  (Hungarian: Felsőszivágy) is a commune in Maramureș County, Crișana, Romania. It is composed of two villages, Asuaju de Jos (Alsószivágy) and Asuaju de Sus.

The commune is located in the southwestern part of Maramureș County, 20 km (12 mi) northwest of Ulmeni and 42 km (26 mi) east of the county seat, Baia Mare, on the border with Satu Mare County. The river Asuaj flows through this commune. Its neighbors are the communes Ariniș, Băița de sub Codru, Homoroade, and Bârsău.

Ulmeni, Maramureș
Ulmeni (formerly Șilimeghiu; Hungarian: Sülelmed; German: Ulmendorf) is a town in Maramureș County, Crișana, Romania. It was declared a town in 2004. The town administers seven villages: Arduzel (Szamosardó), Chelința (Kelence), Mânău (Monó), Someș-Uileac (Szilágyújlak), Tohat (Szamostóhát), Țicău (Szamoscikó), and Vicea (Vicsa).
Ammonium carbamate
Ammonium carbamate is a chemical compound with the formula [NH4][H2NCO2] consisting of ammonium cation NH+4 and carbamate anion NH2COO−. It is a white solid that is extremely soluble in water, less so in alcohol. Ammonium carbamate can be formed by the reaction of ammonia NH3 with carbon dioxide CO2, and will slowly decompose to those gases at ordinary temperatures and pressures. It is an intermediate in the industrial synthesis of urea (NH2)2CO, an important fertilizer.

Ammonium
Ammonium is a modified form of ammonia that has an extra hydrogen atom.  It is a positively charged (cationic) molecular ion with the chemical formula NH+4 or [NH4]+. It is formed by the addition of a proton (a hydrogen nucleus) to ammonia (NH3). Ammonium is also a general name for positively charged (protonated) substituted amines and quaternary ammonium cations ([NR4]+), where one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by organic or other groups (indicated by R). Not only is ammonium a source of nitrogen and a key metabolite for many living organisms, but it is an integral part of the global nitrogen cycle. As such, human impact in recent years could have an effect on the biological communities that depend on it.
2012 Bloomington Edge season
The 2012 Bloomington Edge season was the team's seventh season as a professional indoor football franchise and fourth in the Indoor Football League (IFL). One of sixteen teams competing in the IFL for the 2012 season, the Bloomington, Illinois-based Bloomington Edge were members of the United Conference.

Under the leadership of owner Jim Morris, and head coach Kenton Carr, the team played their home games at the U.S. Cellular Coliseum in Bloomington, Illinois.

Bloomington, Illinois
Bloomington is a city in McLean County, Illinois, United States, and its county seat. The 2020 census showed the city had a population of 78,680, making it the 13th-most populous city in Illinois and the fifth-most populous outside the Chicago metropolitan area. It is adjacent to the town of Normal, and is the more populous of the two principal municipalities of the Bloomington–Normal metropolitan area, which has a population of roughly 170,000.

Bloomington is 135 miles (217 km) southwest of Chicago and 162 miles (261 km) northeast of St. Louis. Bloomington is home to Illinois Wesleyan University and the headquarters for State Farm and Country Financial. Bloomington is also home to the minor league hockey team Bloomington Bison.
Tandy Video Information System
The Tandy Memorex Video Information System (VIS) is an interactive, multimedia CD-ROM player produced by the Tandy Corporation starting in 1992. It is similar in function to the Philips CD-i and Commodore CDTV systems (particularly the CDTV, since both the VIS and CDTV were adaptations of existing computer platforms and operating systems to the set-top-box design). The VIS systems were sold only at Radio Shack, under the Memorex brand, both of which Tandy owned at the time.

Memorex
Memorex Corp. began as a computer tape producer and expanded to become both a consumer media supplier and a major IBM plug compatible peripheral supplier.  It was broken up and ceased to exist after 1996 other than as a consumer electronics brand specializing in disk recordable media for CD and DVD drives, flash memory, computer accessories and other electronics.
Jim Causley
Jim Causley (born 1980) is a British folk singer, songwriter, and musician from Devon who specializes in the traditional songs and music of the West Country. Journalist Colin Irwin has called him "the finest singer of his generation".

Kate Rusby
Kate Anna Rusby (born 4 December 1973) is an English folk singer-songwriter from Penistone, West Riding of Yorkshire, England. Sometimes called the "Barnsley Nightingale", she has headlined various British folk festivals, and is one of the best known contemporary English folk singers. In 2001 The Guardian described her as "a superstar of the British acoustic scene." In 2007 the BBC website described her as "The first lady of young folkies". She is one of the few folk singers to have been nominated for the Mercury Prize.
Robert Alston
Robert John Alston, CMG QSO DL (born 10 February 1938) is a retired British diplomat.

Alston was educated at Ardingly College and New College, Oxford. He served as British Ambassador to Oman between (1986–1990), and as British High Commissioner to New Zealand and the Cook Islands, non-resident High Commissioner to Samoa, and Governor of the Pitcairn Islands between (1994–1998).

In 1987, Alston became a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George. From 2007 to 2008, he was Master of the Worshipful Company of World Traders, one of the City of London's 110 livery companies. He was Chairman of Governors at Ardingly College.

Governor of Pitcairn
The Governor of Pitcairn is the representative of the British monarch in the Pitcairn Islands, the last remaining British Overseas Territory in the Pacific Ocean. Despite technically being under the authority of the colonial governor, Pitcairn has local autonomy.

Because of the dependency's small population (it peaked at 233 in the 1930s, and has since dwindled to 35 in 2023), the British never considered it worthwhile to station a resident governor on Pitcairn. Instead, the Governor of Fiji doubled as governor of Pitcairn from 1898 onward. When Fiji became independent in 1970, the governorship of Pitcairn was transferred to the British high commissioner to New Zealand. The office is currently held by Iona Thomas.

Throughout the island's history, the authority of the British governor was almost never used. An exception was Governor Richard Fell's dismissal of Mayor Steve Christian, who was convicted in the Pitcairn sexual assault trial of 2004.
Spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma
Spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma is a subtype of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma first described by Cavazzana, Schmidt and Ninfo in 1992.  This subtype has a more favorable clinical course and prognosis than usual embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma.  Spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma typically occurs in young males and most commonly occurs in paratesticular soft tissue, followed by the head and neck.

Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma
Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) is a rare histological form of cancer in the connective tissue wherein the mesenchymally-derived cells (rhabdomyoblasts) resemble the primitive developing skeletal muscle of the embryo. It is the most common soft tissue sarcoma occurring in children. Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma is also known as PAX-fusion negative or fusion-negative rhabdomyosarcoma, as tumors of this subtype are unified by their lack of a PAX3-FOXO1 fusion oncogene (or other PAX fusions seen in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma). Fusion status refers to the presence or absence of a fusion gene, which is a gene formed from joining two different genes together through DNA rearrangements. These types of tumors are classified as embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma because of their "remarkable resemblance to developing embryonic and fetal skeletal muscle."
Polo (fragrance)
Polo is one of the two first perfumes by Ralph Lauren Corporation. It was created by Carlos Benaïm in 1978, and  won a FiFi Award  in 1979.
Polo is  a  masculine perfume, and does not contain floral notes apart from chamomile. The opening is green and fresh, including grassy notes of artemisia, basil and thyme, with spicy notes of cumin, coriander and cloves. The heart contains conifer woods,  patchouli, oakmoss and vetiver. The base contains leather, tobacco and thyme. Polo is a woody chypre, like Aromatics Elixir by Clinique (1972).

Carlos Benaïm was named Master Perfumer in 2013, the first perfumer so designated  at International Flavors & Fragrances. He has also created fragrances for Armani, Calvin Klein, Givenchy, and Yves Saint Laurent.

Chypre
Chypre (pronounced [ʃipʁ]) is the name of a family (or concept) of perfumes that are characterised by an accord composed of citrus top notes, a middle centered on cistus labdanum, and a mossy-animalic set of basenotes derived from oakmoss. Chypre perfumes fall into numerous classes according to their modifier notes, which include but are not limited to leather, florals, fruits, and amber.
385th Unmanned Surface Vehicles Brigade (Ukraine)
The 385th Naval Unmanned Surface Vehicles Brigade is a brigade of the Unmanned Systems Forces.

It was established in August 2023 as a part of Ukrainian Navy, operated by USV operatives from HUR and SBU; they currently retain operational control, as part of the USF command.

The brigade is the world's first and, as of May 2025, the only military unit dedicated to the operation of naval USVs.

Sea Baby
The Sea Baby is a Ukrainian multipurpose unmanned surface vehicle (USV) developed for use by the Security Service of Ukraine (SBU) during the Russian invasion of Ukraine from 2022. It is able to carry an explosive payload for use in self-destruct attacks, or equipped with other equipment loadouts for more specialised use.
Al-Darazi
Muhammad ibn Isma'il al-Darazi (Arabic: محمد بن إسماعيل الدرزي, romanized: Muḥammad ibn Ismāʿīl al-Darazī; died 1018) was an 11th-century Isma'ili preacher and early leader of the Druze faith who was labeled a heretic in 1016 and subsequently executed in 1018 by the Fatimid caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah (r. 996–1021).

Dawah
Daʿwah (Arabic: دعوة, Arabic: [ˈdaʕwah], "invitation", also spelt dâvah, daawa, dawah, daawah or dakwah) is the act of proselytizing people to Islam. The plural is daʿwāt (دَعْوات) or daʿawāt (دَعَوات). Preachers who engage in dawah are known as da'i.
Monstrillidae
Monstrilloida is an order of copepods with a cosmopolitan distribution in the world's oceans. The order contains a single family, Monstrillidae. The name of the first ever described genus Monstrilla is derived from Latin, meaning "tiny monster", because the lack of usual diagnostic features of copepods puzzled early taxonomists.

Cyclopoida
The Cyclopoida are an order of small crustaceans from the class Copepoda. Like many other copepods, members of Cyclopoida are small, planktonic animals living both in the sea and in freshwater habitats. They are capable of rapid movement. Their larval development is metamorphic, and the embryos are carried in paired or single sacs attached to first abdominal somite.
Chase Payment Solutions
Chase Payment Solutions, formerly known as Chase Paymentech, is an American payment service provider and merchant acquiring business that is part of JPMorgan Chase. Paymentech payment platforms supports businesses to process payments. In addition to its payment services the company provides associated business services such as analytics, payment fraud detection, and data security.

As of 2012, Chase Paymentech processed 29.5 billion transactions with a value of $655.2 billion.

Payment service provider
A payment service provider (PSP) is a third-party company that allows businesses to accept electronic payments, such as credit card and debit card payments. PSPs act as intermediaries between those who make payments, i.e. consumers, and those who accept them, i.e. retailers.

They will often provide merchant services and act as a payment gateway or payment processor for e-commerce and brick and mortar businesses.  They may also offer risk management services for card and bank based payments, transaction payment matching, digital wallets, reporting, fund remittance, currency exchange and fraud protection.  The PSP will typically provide software to integrate with e-commerce websites or point of sale systems.
John Butler (architect)
John Butler (1828 – 1900) was a British architect who for fourteen years was the surveyor and chief architect for the Metropolitan Police in London. He was appointed in 1881 and held the role until his retirement in 1895. His designs were influenced by the Queen Anne architectural style, used by Richard Norman Shaw, with whom he worked on Scotland Yard between 1887 and 1890.

In the 1880s the number of police stations being built surged following political unrest and high-profile events such as the Whitechapel Murders. Upon taking over the role of chief surveyor for the Metropolitan Police in 1881, Butler undertook a survey of the police estate and replaced a lot of the buildings he found to be inadequate, whilst improving and extending existing structures.

Butler was the fourth architect to hold the role of chief surveyor since its inception in 1842. He took over from Frederick Caiger, who'd held the role since 1868, and was succeeded by his son, John Dixon Butler, in 1895.

Frederick Henry Caiger
Frederick Henry Caiger (1825 – 14 May 1904) was a British architect who, for 13 years, was the surveyor and chief architect for the Metropolitan Police in London. He held the post from 1868 to 1881. He was the third architect to hold the post since its inception in 1842. He took over the role from Thomas Charles Sorby, who had held the role for two years.
(357439) 2004 BL86
(357439) 2004 BL86 is a bright sub-kilometer asteroid and binary system, classified as a near-Earth object and potentially hazardous asteroid of the Apollo group, approximately 300 meters (980 ft) in diameter. It was discovered on 30 January 2004 by astronomers of the Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research at Lincoln Laboratory's Experimental Test Site near Socorro, New Mexico. Its 70-meter (200 ft) moon was discovered during the asteroid's close approach to the Earth in January 2015.

Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research
The Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research (LINEAR) project is a collaboration of the United States Air Force, NASA, and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Lincoln Laboratory for the systematic detection and tracking of near-Earth objects. LINEAR was responsible for the majority of asteroid discoveries from 1998 until it was overtaken by the Catalina Sky Survey in 2005. As of 15 September 2011, LINEAR had detected 231,082 new small Solar System bodies, of which at least 2,423 were near-Earth asteroids and 279 were comets. The instruments used by the LINEAR program are located at Lincoln Laboratory's Experimental Test Site (ETS) on the White Sands Missile Range (WSMR) near Socorro, New Mexico.
TV Portuguesa
TV Portuguesa was a South African television channel catering the Portuguese South African community. It was carried on a spare second frequency used by M-Net for its community-targeted CSN service; being later available on DStv, where, in its later years, was shown for four days a week. It was founded in 1989 by Viriato Barreto and shut down in the early 2000s, presumably due to the arrival of SIC Internacional's full-time service.

Portuguese South African
Portuguese South Africans (Portuguese: luso-sul-africanos) are South Africans of Portuguese ancestry. The exact figure of how many people in South Africa are Portuguese or of Portuguese descent are not accurately known as many people who arrived during the pre-1994 era quickly assimilated into English and Afrikaner speaking South African communities. There was likely also an undercount of immigrants, especially from Madeira.
Huntsman Leadership Scholar
The title of Huntsman Leadership Scholar is bestowed upon undergraduate members of the Sigma Chi Fraternity following successful completion of the Sigma Chi Horizons Huntsman Leadership Summit located in Snowbird, Utah between academic years.

In 2015, Jon M. Huntsman, a "Significant Sig", donated enough to fund the Horizons Huntsman Leadership Summit throughout the next decade.

This title is awarded to graduates of the Horizons Huntsman Leadership Summit. Each session of Horizons consists of 48 members. To date, about 1% of Sigma Chi initiates, dead and alive, are graduates of the program.

Sigma Chi
Sigma Chi (ΣΧ) is one of the largest North American social fraternities. The fraternity has 244 active undergraduate chapters and 152 alumni chapters in the United States and Canada and has initiated over 380,000 members. It was founded on June 28, 1855, at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio, by members who split from the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity.

Sigma Chi is divided into seven operational entities: the Sigma Chi Fraternity, the Sigma Chi Foundation, the Sigma Chi Canadian Foundation, the Risk Management Foundation, Constantine Capital Inc., the Blue and Gold Travel Services, and the newly organized Sigma Chi Leadership Institute. According to the fraternity's constitution, "the purpose of this fraternity shall be to cultivate and maintain the high ideals of friendship, justice, and learning upon which Sigma Chi was founded."
Global News
Global News is the news and current affairs division of the Canadian Global Television Network. The network is owned by Corus Entertainment, which oversees all of the network's national news programming as well as local news on its 21 owned-and-operated stations. The same division also operates a news website under the same brand.

Corus also previously operated one all-news radio station and several talk radio stations under the "Global News Radio" brand; most of these stations are still operated by Corus under local branding.

Global Television Network
The Global Television Network (more commonly called Global, or occasionally Global TV) is a Canadian English-language terrestrial television network. It is currently Canada's second most-watched private terrestrial television network after CTV, and has fifteen owned-and-operated stations throughout the country. Global is owned by Corus Entertainment — the media holdings of JR Shaw and other members of his family.

Global has its origins in a regional television station of the same name, serving Southern Ontario, which launched in 1974. The Ontario station was soon purchased by the now-defunct CanWest Global Communications, and that company gradually expanded its national reach in the subsequent decades through both acquisitions and new station launches, building up a quasi-network of independent stations, known as the CanWest Global System, until the stations were unified under the Ontario station's branding in 1997.
Ravenstone, Buckinghamshire
Ravenstone is a village and civil parish in the unitary authority area of the City of Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, England. The village is about 2.5 miles (4 km) west of Olney, and 4 miles (6.4 km) north of Newport Pagnell and about 10 miles (16 km) from Central Milton Keynes. The 2011 Census recorded the parish population as 209.

Olney, Buckinghamshire
Olney (/ˈoʊni/, rarely /ˈɒlni/ OW-nee, rarely OLL-nee) is a market town and civil parish in the unitary authority area of the City of Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, England. At the 2021 census, it had a population of 6,598.

Lying on the left bank of the River Great Ouse, the town is located around 8 miles (13 km) from Central Milton Keynes, and 10 miles (16 km) from Bedford, Northampton and Wellingborough.
Tod Wodicka
Tod Wodicka (born May 30, 1976) is an American author who grew up in Queensbury, New York. He has lived in Manchester, England; Prague; Rock City Falls; and Moscow. He currently lives in Berlin, Germany.

He graduated from the University of Manchester in the UK.

Tank (magazine)
Tank is an independent UK-based magazine launched in 1998. It is a quarterly publication, printed in the UK, that covers contemporary culture, fashion, art, architecture, technology and politics. Since its launch, the Tank group has expanded to include Tank Form, tank.tv, TankBooks and Because magazine.
Belmont Neck Site -38KE06
The Belmont Neck Site is a historic archaeological site located near Camden, Kershaw County, South Carolina. From about 950 to 1300 A.D., the Belmont Neck Site was the location of a platform mound and town associated with the Native American chiefdom of Cofitachequi. It appears to be the first of 12 mound towns along the Catawba/Wateree River. From approximately 1772 to 1796, it was the location of indigo production by Colonel John Chesnut of Camden.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.

Camden, South Carolina
Camden is the largest city in and the county seat of Kershaw County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 7,788 in the 2020 census, and the 2022 population estimate is 8,213. It is part of the Columbia, South Carolina, Metropolitan Statistical Area. Camden is the oldest inland city in South Carolina, and home to the Carolina Cup and the National Steeplechase Museum.
Niabi Zoo
Niabi Zoo is a public zoological park in Coal Valley, Illinois, serving the Quad Cities Area. The zoo is 40 acres in size and is located inside of a 287 acre forest preserve. It contains more than 600 animals representing nearly 200 animal species from around the world. Niabi Zoo is open for general admission April–October annually and offers education and outreach programs year round.

Niabi is one of six facilities owned and operated by the Rock Island County Forest Preserve District.

Quad Cities
The Quad Cities is a region of five cities in the U.S. states of Iowa and Illinois: Davenport and Bettendorf in southeastern Iowa, and Rock Island, Moline, and East Moline in northwestern Illinois. These cities are the center of the Quad Cities metropolitan area, a region within the Mississippi River Valley, which as of 2023, had a population estimate of 467,817 and a Combined Statistical Area (CSA) population of 474,019, making it the 90th-largest CSA in the nation.
Andréi Nakov
Andréi Borisov Nakov (Bulgarian: Андрей Борисов Наков; 13 November 1941 – 19 May 2022) was a Bulgarian-born French art historian engaged principally in research on Russian non-objective art, Cubo-futurism, Dada, and Constructivism, where his work as a precursor in these areas gained him an authoritative reputation.

Russian avant-garde
The Russian avant-garde was a large, influential wave of avant-garde modern art that flourished in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union, approximately from 1890 to 1930—although some have placed its beginning as early as 1850 and its end as late as 1960. The term covers many separate, but inextricably related, art movements that flourished at the time; including Suprematism, Constructivism, Russian Futurism, Cubo-Futurism, Zaum, Imaginism, and Neo-primitivism. In Ukraine, many of the artists who were born, grew up or were active in what is now Belarus and Ukraine (including Kazimir Malevich, Aleksandra Ekster, Vladimir Tatlin, David Burliuk, Alexander Archipenko), are also classified in the Ukrainian avant-garde.

The Russian avant-garde reached its creative and popular height in the period between the Russian Revolution of 1917 and 1932, at which point the ideas of the avant-garde clashed with the newly emerged state-sponsored direction of Socialist Realism.