hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2011 Nottingham Challenge
The 2011 Nottingham Challenge (known for sponsorship reasons as Aegon Nottingham Challenge) was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts. It was part of the 2011 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2011 ITF Women's Circuit. It took place in Nottingham, Great Britain between June 6 and June 12, 2011.

Nottingham Open
The Nottingham Open, known as the Lexus Nottingham Open (originally known as the Nottingham Championships or Nottingham Lawn Tennis Tournament (1887–1967)), is a tennis tournament for men and women held in Nottingham, United Kingdom, played on outdoor grass courts at the Nottingham Tennis Centre. After being discontinued in 2008, it was downgraded in 2011 to ATP Challenger Tour and ITF Women's Circuit, briefly re-established as an ATP World Tour 250 event on the men's tour in 2015 and 2016, before returning to a Challenger event in 2017, and since 2015 it has been an WTA International event on the women's tour. The tournament is held in June as a "warm-up" for Wimbledon.
Arthur Cushing
Arthur Thompson Cushing (February 10, 1869 – March 26, 1944) was a politician in Alberta, Canada and a municipal councillor in Edmonton.  His brother, William Henry Cushing, was a mayor of Calgary, while another brother, Alfred Cushing, served as alderman in that city.

William Henry Cushing
William Henry Cushing (August 21, 1852 – January 25, 1934) was a Canadian politician. Born in Ontario, he migrated west as a young adult where he started a successful lumber company and later became Alberta's first Minister of Public Works and the 11th mayor of Calgary. As Minister of Public Works in the government of Alexander Cameron Rutherford, he oversaw the creation of Alberta Government Telephones.

Cushing's resignation in 1910 precipitated the Alberta and Great Waterways Railway scandal, which forced Rutherford's resignation. Though Cushing had hopes of being asked to replace Rutherford, that role fell instead to Arthur Sifton, the province's chief judge. Left out of Sifton's cabinet, Cushing did not seek re-election in the 1913 election, and did not re-enter politics thereafter.  He was the chairman of Mount Royal College's board of governors for sixteen years. He died in 1934.
Lake Sumner Forest Park
Lake Sumner Forest Park is a 1,051 km2 (406 sq mi) forest park located in the Canterbury region of the South Island of New Zealand. It is centered around Lewis Pass and has a number of access points along State Highway 7. It sits in between Lewis Pass Scenic Reserve and Arthurs Pass National Park.

The name is derived from Lake Sumner, although Lake Sumner itself is not located in the Forest Park.

Arthur's Pass National Park
Arthur's Pass National Park is located in the South Island of New Zealand and covers 1,185 km2 of mostly mountainous terrain. Adjacent to it lies Craigieburn Forest Park. The park is administered by the Department of Conservation.
French submarine Eurydice (Q130)
Eurydice (Q130) was a French Navy Ariane-class submarine commissioned in 1929. During World War II, she operated on the Allied side until 1940, when she became part of the naval forces of Vichy France. She was scuttled in November 1942.

Float (nautical)
A float (also called a pontoon) is an airtight hollow structure, similar to a pressure vessel, designed to provide buoyancy in water.  Its principal applications are in watercraft hulls, aircraft floats, floating piers, aquaculture, pontoon bridges, and marine engineering applications such as salvage.
HMS Surprise (novel)
HMS Surprise is the third historical novel in the Aubrey–Maturin series by Patrick O'Brian, first published in 1973. The series follows the partnership of Royal Navy Captain Jack Aubrey and his ship's surgeon Stephen Maturin during the wars against Napoleonic France.

In the story, Maturin's work as an intelligence agent gets him into trouble just as Aubrey takes command of a new ship, HMS Surprise. Later, the friends embark on a long voyage to bring an ambassador to Southeast Asia, rounding the southern tip of Africa.

The novel is often considered one of the best in the series. Some reviewers found it had "superb depictions of life", yet too full of nautical detail, while others found that detail part of the author's erudition and not in the way of the plot. The author showed "capacity for creating another completely believable world", while another reviewer said the novel is "stretching its genre [naval adventure] but never escaping it."

Action of 5 October 1804
36°53′48″N 7°53′42″W﻿ / ﻿36.89663°N 7.895033°W﻿ / 36.89663; -7.895033

The action of 5 October 1804 was a naval engagement that took place off the southern coast of Portugal during the Napoleonic Wars. In this confrontation, a British squadron under the command of Commodore Graham Moore attacked and defeated a Spanish squadron led by Brigadier Don José de Bustamante. Although Britain and Spain were technically at peace at the time, tensions were high, and the British sought to intercept Spanish ships carrying treasure from the Americas. The attack resulted in the capture of three Spanish frigates and the destruction of a fourth, escalating tensions and leading Spain to declare war on Britain shortly afterward.
Porat, Croatia
Porat is a small harbor village on the west coast of the Croatian island of Krk. Located approximately 3 km to the west of Malinska, it is part of the Malinska-Dubašnica municipality. As of 2021, it had 181 inhabitants. The village has a harbor providing access to the Kvarner Bay. A Franciscan monastery dedicated to Mary Magdalene is located in Porat, dating back to the late 15th century.

Krk
Krk (pronounced [kr̩̂k]; Italian: Veglia; Istro Romanian: Krk; Vegliot Dalmatian: Vikla; archaic German: Vegl, Latin: Curicta; Ancient Greek: Κύρικον, romanized: Kyrikon) is a Croatian island in the northern Adriatic Sea, located near Rijeka in the Bay of Kvarner and part of Primorje-Gorski Kotar county. Krk is tied with Cres as the largest Adriatic island, depending on the methodology used to measure the coastline. Krk is the most populous island in the Adriatic, with multiple towns and villages that contain a total of 19,916 (2021) inhabitants.
Songify the News
Songify the News (known as Auto-Tune the News for the first thirteen episodes) is an American musical web series popularized by Brooklyn musician Michael Gregory, and later his band The Gregory Brothers. The Gregory Brothers digitally manipulated recorded voices of politicians, news anchors and political pundits to conform to a melody, making the figures appear to sing. The group achieved mainstream success with their "Bed Intruder Song" video which became the most watched YouTube video of 2010.

Similar videos, often non-political, thereafter appeared as part of the continuing Songify This series. The Gregory Brothers continue to create films pertaining to politics and current events on their YouTube channel Schmoyoho using Auto-Tune-like software, in a format much like their original Auto-Tune the News videos. After a hiatus in the series, these clips were rebranded in early 2012 under the title of Songify the News.

2008 United States presidential debates
The 2008 United States presidential debates were a series of debates held during the 2008 presidential election.

The Commission on Presidential Debates (CPD), a bipartisan organization formed in 1987, organized four debates among the major party candidates, sponsored three presidential debates and one vice presidential debate. Only Republican nominee John McCain and Democratic nominee Barack Obama met the criteria for inclusion in the debates, and thus were the only two to appear in the debates sponsored by the Commission on Presidential Debates. The CPD-sponsored vice presidential debate took place between their respective vice presidential running mates, Sarah Palin and Joe Biden.

Both McCain and Obama did not agree to additional debates; however, each was interviewed at the Civil Forum on the Presidency, held on August 16, 2008, and at the Service Nation Presidential Forum on September 11, 2008. Both Palin and Biden also did not participate in any additional debates.
Qualification-based wage for life
The "wage for life" (salaire à vie) or "individual qualification-based wage" (salaire à la qualification personnelle) refers to a form of remuneration proposed by Bernard Friot and the French popular education non-profit Réseau Salariat. At its core is the distinction between work and employment. Publicly funded using social contributions, it would be the building block for a new mode of socioeconomic system.

Remuneration
Remuneration is the pay or other financial compensation provided in exchange for an employee's services performed (not to be confused with giving (away), or donating, or the act of providing to). Remuneration is one component of reward management. In the UK, it can also refer to the automatic division of profits attributable to members in a Limited Liability Partnership (LLP).
Iliana Raeva
Iliana Raycheva Raeva-Sirakova (née Raeva; Bulgarian: Илиана Райчева Раева-Сиракова; born 15 March 1963) is a Bulgarian gymnast who competed in modern rhythmic gymnastics for her country from 1978 to 1983
. She was one of the Golden Girls of Bulgaria that dominated Rhythmic Gymnastics in 1980s.

Rhythmic Gymnastics European Championships
The Rhythmic Gymnastics European Championships are the European championships for the sport of rhythmic gymnastics. They were first held in 1978. The European Championships and the European Junior Championships were united in 1993. Prior to 2006, they were called the European Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships. The competition is organised by the European Union of Gymnastics.
Dalgliesh Bay
Dalgliesh Bay (67°42′S 67°45′W﻿ / ﻿67.700°S 67.750°W﻿ / -67.700; -67.750) is a bay, 1 nautical mile (2 km) wide and indenting 3 nautical miles (6 km), lying between Lainez Point and Bongrain Point on the west side of Pourquoi Pas Island, off the west coast of Graham Land. It was first roughly surveyed in 1936 by the British Graham Land Expedition under John Rymill. It was resurveyed in 1948 by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) and named for David G. Dalgliesh, FIDS medical officer at Stonington Island in 1948–49, who accompanied the 1948 sledge survey party to this area. Stride Peak rises to 675 m at the head of Dalgliesh Bay.

Stonington Island
Stonington Island is a rocky island lying 1.8 kilometres (1.1 miles) northeast of Neny Island in the eastern part of Marguerite Bay off the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. It is 0.75 kilometres (0.47 miles) long from north-west to south-east and 0.37 kilometres (0.23 miles) wide, yielding an area of 20 hectares (49 acres). It was formerly connected by a drifted snow slope to Northeast Glacier on the mainland. Highest elevation is Anemometer Hill which rises to 25 metres (82 feet).
Morgan Rose
Morgan Jay Rose (born December 13, 1968) is an American musician, best known for being a founding member of Atlanta-based alternative metal band Sevendust. In addition to being the band's drummer, he contributes a mix of backing and unclean vocals. Outside of Sevendust, Rose has also played drums for Call Me No One and Tommy Lee's Methods of Mayhem, as well as serving as a fill-in drummer for bands such as Korn and Mötley Crüe. Away from his work as a musician, Rose also serves as the Vice President of Imagen Records.

Pearl Drums
Pearl Musical Instrument Company (パール楽器製造株式会社, Pāru Gakki Seizō Kabushiki Gaisha), simply known as Pearl, is a multinational corporation based in Japan with a wide range of products, predominantly percussion instruments.
Free-space optical communication
Free-space optical communication (FSO) is an optical communication technology that uses light propagating in free space to wirelessly transmit data for telecommunications or computer networking over long distances. "Free space" means air, outer space, vacuum, or something similar. This contrasts with using solids such as optical fiber cable.
The technology is useful where the physical connections are impractical due to high costs or other considerations.

Bit error rate
In digital transmission, the number of bit errors is the number of received bits of a data stream over a communication channel that have been altered due to noise, interference, distortion or bit synchronization errors.

The bit error rate (BER) is the number of bit errors per unit time. The bit error ratio (also BER) is the number of bit errors divided by the total number of transferred bits during a studied time interval. Bit error ratio is a unitless performance measure, often expressed as a percentage.

The bit error probability pe is the expected value of the bit error ratio. The bit error ratio can be considered as an approximate estimate of the bit error probability. This estimate is accurate for a long time interval and a high number of bit errors.
Mariana Pajón
Mariana Pajón Londoño ODB OLY (born 10 October 1991) is a Colombian cyclist, two-time Olympic gold medalist and BMX World Champion.

She won her first national title at age 5 and her first world title at 9. Overall, she is the winner of 14 world championships, 2 national championships in the United States, 9 Latin American Championships and 10  Pan American championships. She also won the gold medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, on 10 August 2012, as well as in the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio. She is the first Colombian to win two Olympic gold medals. Pajón's achievements in BMX have earned her the nickname "Queen of BMX".

Named Colombian Athlete of the Year in 2011, a BMX circuit built in Medellin was named for her, and was the venue where she won the 2016 BMX World Championships.

She was selected to be the flag-bearer for Colombia at the 2012 Summer Olympics at the Opening Ceremony.

2008 UCI BMX World Championships
The 2008 UCI BMX World Championships took place in Taiyuan in China and crowned world champions in the cycling discipline of BMX racing. Great Britain's Shanaze Reade won her second consecutive world championships in the elite women's category, whilst Latvian Māris Štrombergs won the elite men's category.
2006 ITF Men's Circuit
The 2006 ITF Men's Circuit was the 2006 edition of the third-tier tour for men's professional tennis. It was organised by the International Tennis Federation and is a tier below the ATP Challenger Tour. The ITF Men's Circuit included satellite events and 455 'Futures' tournaments played year round across six continents, with prize money ranging from $10,000 to $15,000.

ITF Men's World Tennis Tour
The ITF Men's World Tennis Tour (formerly ITF Men's Circuit) is a series of professional tennis tournaments held around the world that are organized by the International Tennis Federation (ITF).  The tour represents the lowest rung of the men's professional tennis ladder.  ITF tournaments are incorporated into the ATP rankings, enabling young professionals to progress on to the ATP Challenger Tour and ultimately the full ATP Tour.  Nearly every professional male player has spent some time on the ITF Men's World Tennis Tour.
Suomen huippumalli haussa season 1
Cycle one of Suomen huippumalli haussa premiered on Sunday, April 6, 2008, on the Finnish channel Nelonen. The last episode aired on June 8, 2008. The winner for cycle one, Ani Alitalo, was awarded a €25,000 contract with Paparazzi Model Management, the front cover of Finnish Cosmopolitan and became a spokesperson for Max Factor.

Magnum (ice cream)
Magnum is a brand of ice cream and the company's namesake, originally developed and produced by Frisko in Aarhus, Denmark, a part of the Dutch company The Magnum Ice Cream Company (TMICC). It is sold as part of the Heartbrand line of products, which is owned by TMICC and is available in sticks, tubs, and bites. In Greece, the Magnum brand name has been owned by the Swiss company Nestlé since 2005-2006 following the acquisition of the Delta Ice Cream company, so the Unilever/TMICC ice cream uses the name Magic.
Disarmament as Humanitarian Action
Disarmament as Humanitarian Action: Making Multilateral Negotiations Work (DHA) is a research project carried out at the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR). This project, launched in 2004, examines current difficulties for the international community in tackling disarmament and arms control challenges.

Arms control
Arms control is a term for international restrictions upon the development, production, stockpiling, proliferation and usage of small arms, conventional weapons, and weapons of mass destruction. Arms control is typically exercised through the use of diplomacy which seeks to impose such limitations upon consenting participants through international treaties and agreements, although it may also comprise efforts by a nation or group of nations to enforce limitations upon a non-consenting country.
Amélie-Julie Candeille
Amélie-Julie Candeille (French pronunciation: [ameli ʒyli kɑ̃dɛj]; night of 30/31 July 1767, parish of Saint-Sulpice, Paris – 4 February 1834, Paris) was a French composer, librettist, writer, singer, actress, comedian, and instrumentalist.

Anne-Louis Girodet de Roussy-Trioson
Anne-Louis Girodet de Roussy-Trioson (French pronunciation: [an lwi ʒiʁɔdɛ də ʁusi tʁijozɔ̃]; or de Roucy), also known as Anne-Louis Girodet-Trioson or simply Girodet (29 January 1767 – 9 December 1824), was a French painter and pupil of Jacques-Louis David, who participated in the early Romantic movement by including elements of eroticism in his paintings. Girodet is remembered for his precise and clear style and for his paintings of members of the Napoleonic family.
Hélio Sousa
Hélio Filipe Dias de Sousa CvIH (born 12 August 1969) is a Portuguese professional football manager and former player who played as a central midfielder. He is the manager of the Kuwait national team.

He spent his entire career at Vitória de Setúbal, and was part of the Portugal squad that won the 1989 FIFA World Youth Championship. He started working as a manager in 2005.

24th Arabian Gulf Cup
The 24th Arabian Gulf Cup was the 24th edition of the biennial football competition for the eight members of the Arab Gulf Cup Football Federation. Eight teams participated in the tournament.

On 15 July 2019, the AGCFF announced that the tournament would be held in Qatar from 24 November to 8 December 2019.

Bahrain won the competition by a 1–0 victory against Saudi Arabia to secure their first title.
Priscilla Baltazar-Padilla
Priscilla Joson Baltazar-Padilla (born Priscilla Joson Baltazar; July 2, 1958 – August 27, 2021) served as the 188th Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines in 2020. She was appointed by President Rodrigo Duterte to replace Associate Justice Andres Reyes Jr.

Supreme Court of the Philippines
The Supreme Court (Filipino: Kataas-taasang Hukuman), colloquially referred to as the Korte Suprema (also used in formal writing), is the highest court in the Philippines. It was established by the Taft Commission in June 11, 1901, through the enactment of Act No. 136, which abolished the Real Audiencia of Manila, the predecessor of the Supreme Court.

The Supreme Court compound is located in what was formerly a part of the University of the Philippines Manila campus. It occupies the corner of Padre Faura Street and Taft Avenue in Ermita, Manila, with the main building sited directly in front of Philippine General Hospital's cancer institute.
Neta Crawford
Neta C. Crawford FBA (/niːtə/ NEE-tuh; born 1961) is an American political scientist. She is Montague Burton Chair in International Relations at the University of Oxford and holds a Professorial Fellowship at Balliol College. Crawford previously served as professor and chair of the Department of Political Science at the Boston University College of Arts and Sciences in Boston, Massachusetts.

Crawford co-founded the Costs of War Project with anthropologist Catherine Lutz in 2010 and currently serves alongside Lutz and Stephanie Savell as a project co-director.

Catherine Lutz
Catherine A. Lutz (/lʌts/; born 1952) is an American anthropologist who is the Thomas J. Watson Jr. Family Professor of Anthropology and International Studies at Brown University. She is also a research professor at the Watson Institute where she serves as a director of the Costs of War Project, which attempts to calculate the financial costs of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars.
Iris willmottiana
Iris willmottiana  is a species in the genus Iris, in the subgenus Scorpiris. It is a bulbous perennial, from Uzbekistan in central Asia. It has green broad leaves, short stems, large flowers in various shades of blue.

Iris (plant)
Iris is a flowering plant genus of 310 accepted species with showy flowers. As well as being the scientific name, iris is also widely used as a common name for all Iris species, as well as some belonging to other closely related genera. A common name for some species is flags, while the plants of the subgenus Scorpiris are widely known as junos, particularly in horticulture. It is a popular garden flower.

The often-segregated, monotypic genera Belamcanda (blackberry lily, I. domestica), Hermodactylus (snake's head iris, I. tuberosa), and Pardanthopsis (vesper iris, I. dichotoma) are currently included in Iris.

Three Iris varieties are used in the Iris flower data set outlined by Ronald Fisher in his 1936 paper The use of multiple measurements in taxonomic problems as an example of linear discriminant analysis.
Ajeet Rai
Ajeet Shankar Rai (born 18 January 1999) is a New Zealand professional tennis player.

Rai has a career-high singles ranking by the ATP of 417, achieved on 10 April 2023, and a best doubles ranking of world No. 222, reached on 24 June 2024.

New Zealand Davis Cup team
The New Zealand men's national tennis team represents New Zealand in Davis Cup tennis competition and are governed by Tennis New Zealand.

New Zealand currently compete in Group II of the Asia/Oceania Zone.  They have played in the World Group on 8 occasions, the most recent of which was in 1991.  They reached the semifinals in 1982.
Urban Military Academy
Urban Military Academy was a boarding and day school in Hollywood, California, for boys between the ages of six and fifteen. It was founded in 1905 by Mary McDonnell on Melrose Avenue at Wilcox; it later moved to 11600 Sunset Boulevard. At the time it opened, it was "the only private school for boys in the City." Its commandant was Major Harry Lee Black, who in 1928 helped found Black-Foxe Military Institute on Urban's original site. There was another site located on the corner of Sunset Boulevard and a block east of Barrington Avenue in West Los Angeles. This Academy was active in the late 1950s.

Among its well-known students were John Coleman Burroughs, Jackie Coogan, John Meredyth Lucas, Dean Paul Martin, John T. Rickard, and Richard Sherman.

Sunset Boulevard
Sunset Boulevard is a boulevard in the central and western part of Los Angeles, California, United States, that stretches from the Pacific Coast Highway in Pacific Palisades east to Figueroa Street in downtown Los Angeles. It is a major thoroughfare in the cities of Beverly Hills and West Hollywood (including a portion known as the Sunset Strip), as well as several districts in Los Angeles.