hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bangladesh–Nepal relations
The bilateral relations between Bangladesh and Nepal have been progressive since the foundation of Bangladesh in 1971. The two nations are separated by the "Siliguri Corridor" - a 22 kilometres (14 mi) wide stretch of territory of the Indian state of West Bengal that lies between southern Nepal and northern Bangladesh. Both South Asian nations are members of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), the Bay of Bengal Initiative for MultiSectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC), and the United Nations (UN).

Salahuddin Noman Chowdhury is the ambassador of Bangladesh to Nepal.

BIMSTEC
The Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) is an international organization of seven South Asian and Southeast Asian nations, housing 1.73 billion people and having a combined gross domestic product of US$5.2 trillion (2023). The BIMSTEC member states – Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Thailand – are among the countries dependent on the Bay of Bengal.

Fourteen priority sectors of cooperation have been identified and several BIMSTEC centers have been established to focus on those sectors. As of 2018, BIMSTEC free trade agreement is under negotiation, considered similar to SAARC.

Leadership is rotated in alphabetical order of country names. The permanent secretariat is in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Stoke Newington Common
51°33′44″N 0°4′12″W﻿ / ﻿51.56222°N 0.07000°W﻿ / 51.56222; -0.07000
Stoke Newington Common is an open space in the London Borough of Hackney. It lies between Brooke Road to the south and Northwold Road to the north, straddling a railway line and the busy Rectory Road. The common is 2.15 hectares (5.3 acres) in area.

The common was originally called Cockhanger Green but underwent a series of name changes. The common is part of West Hackney, an area of Hackney that is often informally also described as part of Stoke Newington.

Rectory Road railway station
Rectory Road is a station on the Weaver line of the London Overground, located in the West Hackney area of the London Borough of Hackney, east London. It is 3 miles 64 chains (6.1 km) down the line from London Liverpool Street and is between Hackney Downs and Stoke Newington stations. Its three-letter station code is REC and it is in London fare zone 2.
Patriot Mobile
Patriot Mobile is an American mobile virtual network operator (MVNO) based in Grapevine, Texas. The company uses AT&T, T-Mobile, and Verizon to deliver wireless services on 4G and 5G networks. Patriot Mobile has described itself as "America's only Christian, conservative wireless provider," and is notable for its financial support of conservative political causes. The company was estimated in 2022 to have just under 100,000 subscribers.

The company has been compared to CREDO Mobile, an MVNO with a similar business model that donates to progressive political causes.

Mobile virtual network operator
A mobile virtual network operator (MVNO) is a wireless communications services provider that does not own the wireless network infrastructure over which it provides services to its customers. An MVNO enters into a business agreement with a mobile network operator (MNO) to obtain bulk access to network services at wholesale rates, then sets retail prices independently. An MVNO may use its own customer service, billing support systems, marketing, and sales personnel, or it could employ the services of a mobile virtual network enabler (MVNE).
Lugné-Poe
Aurélien-Marie Lugné (27 December 1869 –  19 June 1940), known by his stage and pen name Lugné-Poe, was a French actor, theatre director, and scenic designer. He founded the landmark Paris theatre company, the Théâtre de l'Œuvre, which produced experimental work by French Symbolist writers and painters at the end of the nineteenth century.  Like his contemporary, theatre pioneer André Antoine, he gave the French premieres of works by the leading Scandinavian playwrights Henrik Ibsen, August Strindberg, and Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson.

Actor-manager
An actor-manager is a leading actor who sets up their own permanent theatrical company and manages the business, sometimes taking over a theatre to perform select plays in which they usually star. It is a method of theatrical production used consistently since the 16th century, particularly common in 19th-century Britain and the United States.
2012 South American Youth Championships in Athletics
The 21st South American Youth Championships in Athletics were held at the Parque San Martín in Mendoza, Argentina between October 26–28, 2012.  A detailed discussion of the results was given elsewhere.

South American U18 Championships in Athletics
The South American U18 Championships in Athletics (Campeonato Sudamericano U18 de atletismo) is a biennial athletics event
organized by "Confederación Sudamericana de Atletismo" (CONSUDATLE), the South American area association of the World Athletics (IAAF).  Starting in 1973, the competition was open for athletes under-17 in the early years. Since 2000 the international age group definition (under 18) has applied. Up until the 2016 edition the competition was known as the South American Youth Championships in Athletics. The tournament is open for athletes from CONSUDATLE member federations. Athletes from IAAF members of other geographical areas may be invited. 
However, they are not considered in the classification.
Aedia
Aedia is a genus of noctuid moths erected by Jacob Hübner in 1823. If it is placed in Catocalinae, it is assigned to its own subtribe, Aediina and if placed in Acontiinae, it is assigned to its own tribe Aediini.

Aedia leucomelas
Aedia leucomelas, the eastern alchymist, sweet potato leaf worm or sorcerer, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in large parts of the world, ranging from Europe all over Asia up to Japan and some African countries. The subspecies Aedia leucomelas acronyctoides is found in Australia.
K. P. P. Baskar
K. P. P. Baskar is an Indian politician and incumbent member of the 15th Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from the Namakkal constituency. He was previously elected to the 14th Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly. He represents the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam party.

14th Tamil Nadu Assembly
The Fourteenth Assembly of Tamil Nadu was constituted after the victory of All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) and allies, in the 2011 state assembly election. J. Jayalalithaa became the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu due to the election. She was sworn in as the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu for the third time.
Mecistocephalus glabridorsalis
Mecistocephalus glabridorsalis is a species of soil centipede in the Mecistocephalidae family. This centipede is found in Seychelles. This species features 49 pairs of legs and can reach 85 mm in length.

Maxilla (arthropod mouthpart)
In arthropods, the maxillae (singular maxilla) are paired structures present on the head as mouthparts in members of the clade Mandibulata, used for tasting and manipulating food. Embryologically, the maxillae are derived from the 4th and 5th segment of the head and the maxillary palps; segmented appendages extending from the base of the maxilla represent the former leg of those respective segments. In most cases, two pairs of maxillae are present and in different arthropod groups the two pairs of maxillae have been variously modified. In crustaceans, the first pair are called maxillulae (singular maxillula).

Modified coxae at the base of the pedipalps in spiders are also called "maxillae", although they are not homologous with mandibulate maxillae.
Damegunta
Damegunta is a village in Kodavalur mandal, situated in Nellore district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.In Damegunta village population of children with age 0–6 is 122 which makes up 8.75 % of total population of village.

Kodavalur
Kodavalur or Kodavaluru is a village in Nellore district in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India The Maldevi River runs through Kodavalur. It is Located in Kovur (Assembly constituency). The present M. L. A. Of Kovur (Assembly constituency) is nallapareddy prasanna kumar reddy.
Rathen Open Air Stage
The Rathen Open Air Stage (German: Felsenbühne Rathen) is a natural stage in Saxon Switzerland in East Germany. It is located in a hollow at the upper end of the Wehlgrund valley between the rocks of Kleine Gans and Großer Wehrturm below the famous Bastei rocks and Neurathen Castle. The entrance to the hollow branches off just above the valley's junction with the Amselgrund.

Neurathen Castle
Neurathen Castle (German: Felsenburg Neurathen), which was first mentioned by this name in 1755, is located near the famous Bastei rocks near Rathen in Saxon Switzerland in the German state of Saxony. This was once the largest rock castle in the region, but today only the rooms carved out of the rock, passages, the cistern and the beam supports of the former wooden superstructure have survived. In the years 1982–1984 parts of the extensive castle were used to build the open-air museum.
Joséphine Marchais
Joséphine Marguerite Marchais, née Rabier (13 April 1837 – 20 February 1874), was a French day labourer who was an active participant in the Paris Commune in 1871. Arrested while carrying weapons, she was condemned to death. Her sentence was commuted to forced labour, and she was deported to Guiana.

The Women Incendiaries
The Women Incendiaries is a historical account of the role of women during the 1871 Paris Commune, written by French historian Édith Thomas. The book was first published in French in 1963 as Les Pétroleuses and translated into English in 1966 by James and Starr Atkinson. The history puts special emphasis on the role of Louise Michel in the Commune's events.

The librarian trade publication Library Journal's review wrote that the book's contemporary—the 1966 The Fall of Paris: The Siege and the Commune by Alistair Horne—was more interesting with the same subject matter. As a result, the reviewer concluded that Thomas's book would have a smaller audience. The Atlantic's reviewer, however, praised Thomas's memorable characters. Both reviewers noted Thomas's positivity towards the Commune's events, a position one put as "impassioned indignation".
University of Belgrade Faculty of Law
The Faculty of Law of the University in Belgrade (Serbian: Правни факултет Универзитета у Београду/Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu), also known as the Belgrade Law School, is one of the first-tier educational institutions of the University of Belgrade, Serbia. The building is located in the heart of the old part of Belgrade, in the urban neighborhood of Palilula, contiguously to the city park Tašmajdan, on Bulevar kralja Aleksandra.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Montenegro)
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Montenegro (Montenegrin: Ministarstvo vanjskih poslova u Vladi Crne Gore / Министарство вањских послова у Владе Црне Горе) is the foreign-affairs ministry in the Government of Montenegro.
.338 Whisper
The .338 Whisper (8.59x38mm) is a wildcat cartridge in the Whisper family, a group of cartridges developed in the early 1990s by J.D. Jones of SSK Industries. Unlike the smaller caliber cartridges in the Whisper family, loads for the .338 Whisper are mainly limited to subsonic velocities.

Whisper (cartridge family)
The Whisper family of firearm cartridges is a group of wildcat cartridges developed in the early 1990s by J.D. Jones at SSK Industries. The Whisper family was developed as a line of accurate, multi-purpose cartridges using relatively heavy rifle bullets for a given caliber in subsonic loads. The intention was to create an extremely accurate cartridge family for military, police, competition and specialized hunting markets that could also be easily sound suppressed.

While all cartridges in the Whisper family must be capable of accuracy using subsonic loads, most of the smaller caliber cartridges of the family (.308" and under) are also capable of being loaded to supersonic velocities using relatively lightweight bullets for their caliber, increasing their utility.
Rutara languages
The Rutara or Runyakitara languages (endonym: Orutara, Orunyakitara) are a group of closely related Bantu languages spoken in the African Great Lakes region. They include languages such as Runyoro, Runyankore, Rukiga and Ruhaya. The language group takes its name from the Empire of Kitara.

Haya language
Haya (Oruhaya) is a Bantu language spoken by the Haya people of Tanzania, in the south and southwest coast of Lake Victoria.  In 1991, the population of Haya speakers was estimated at 1,200,000 people . Its closest relative is the Nyambo language and it is also closely related to the languages of western Uganda such as Nyoro-Tooro and Nkore-Kiga which all form a group called Rutara.

Maho (2009) classifies JE221 Rashi as closest to Haya. It has no ISO code, but is covered by the ISO 639-3 code hay.
Kaladhungi
Kaladhungi is a town and a nagar palika in Nainital district in the Indian state of Uttarakhand.

The town is located just on the foothill, a good climate but summers are hot, located 21 km west of Haldwani on the Haldwani-Ramanagar road.  Nainital is at distance of only 35 km to the north, Bajpur at about 26 km to south-west and Ramnagar 30 km to north-west. It has a road connecting to Delhi via Bajpur, Tanda, and Moradabad.

Bajpur
Bazpur, or Bajpur, is a city and a municipality in Udham Singh Nagar district in the state of Uttarakhand, India.

Bazpur is well connected with the industrial city of Rudrapur and the historical city of Kashipur. Bazpur is nearest city to Nainital. It is an affluent town, mainly due to large agricultural estates. It was initially, like most of the area which forms present day Udham Singh Nagar District, a part of the Terai, and was gradually transformed into arable land by migrants from Punjab. Most of the early settlers were those rendered homeless by the Partition of India in 1947.

India's first co-operative sugar mill went into production in Bazpur on 16 February 1959.
R18 (British Board of Film Classification)
R18 (Restricted 18) is a film and video classification given by the British Board of Film Classification (BBFC). It is intended to provide a classification for works that do not breach UK law, but exceed what the BBFC considers acceptable in the 18 category. In practice, this means hardcore pornography.

Under the terms of the Video Recordings Act 1984 all non-exempt videos sold or distributed within the UK must be given a certificate by the BBFC. The distributor must decide whether a video is exempt. Uncertificated recordings are not illegal, regardless of content (except where the content itself is illegal—e.g. child pornography), but supply (i.e. sale, rental, loan or gift) of them is. The R18 certificate is the most restrictive of the certificates, allowing films in the category to be shown only in specially licensed cinemas, or sold in licensed sex shops; admission to R18-rated films or sale of R18-rated recordings is restricted to persons aged 18 years and over.

British Board of Film Classification
The British Board of Film Classification (BBFC) is a non-governmental organisation founded by the British film industry in 1912 and responsible for the national classification and censorship of films exhibited at cinemas and video works (such as television programmes, trailers, adverts, public information/campaigning films, menus, bonus content, etc.) released on physical media within the United Kingdom. It has a statutory requirement to classify all video works released on VHS, DVD, Blu-ray (including 3D and 4K UHD formats), and, to a lesser extent, some video games under the Video Recordings Act 1984. The BBFC was also the designated regulator for the UK age-verification scheme, which was abandoned before being implemented.
Forwarding (object-oriented programming)
In object-oriented programming, forwarding means that using a member of an object (either a property or a method) results in actually using the corresponding member of a different object: the use is forwarded to another object. Forwarding is used in a number of design patterns, where some members are forwarded to another object, while others are handled by the directly used object. The forwarding object is frequently called a wrapper object, and explicit forwarding members are called wrapper functions.

Property (programming)
A property, in some object-oriented programming languages, is a special sort of class member, intermediate in functionality between a field (or data member) and a method. The syntax for reading and writing of properties is like for fields, but property reads and writes are (usually) translated to 'getter' and 'setter' method calls. The field-like syntax is easier to read and write than many method calls, yet the interposition of method calls "under the hood" allows for data validation, active updating (e.g., of GUI elements), or implementation of what may be called "read-only fields".
Whinless Down
Whinless Down is a  19.3-hectare (48-acre) Local Nature Reserve on the western outskirts of Dover, Kent. It is owned by Dover Town Council and managed by the White Cliffs Countryside Partnership.

Dover Castle can be viewed from the down, which has rare plants such as cypress spurge, horseshoe vetch and crown vetch. There are also uncommon butterflies and moths including Adonis blue, Chalkhill blue, Scarce forester moth and Silver spotted skipper.

There is access by a footpath from Kings Road and paths leading from behind Elms Vale Recreation Ground, There is also access via High Meadow and the adjoining Nemo Down.

Whinless Down, High Meadow and Nemo Down together form a network of pathways covering an area of over 60.7-hectare (150 acres).

High Meadow
High Meadow is a  21.3-hectare (53-acre) Local Nature Reserve (LNR) on the western outskirts of Dover in Kent. It is owned by Dover Town Council and managed by The White Cliffs Countryside Partnership. It was declared a Local Nature Reserve in 2006.

This hilltop meadow has views in all directions. Management of the LNR has included grazing by konik horses and Exmoor ponies which help to preserve the variety of plants and animals. Flora include fragrant, common spotted and pyramidal orchids.

There are several entrances including from Edred Road and steep steps from Coombe Valley Road.
Rolles Gracie Jr.
Rolles Gracie (born July 14, 1978) is a Brazilian professional mixed martial artist, Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu practitioner, and professional wrestler. As the son of Rolls Gracie, he is a third generation martial arts member of the Gracie family, and a 5th degree black belt in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu.

2013 in Konfrontacja Sztuk Walki
The year 2013 was the tenth year in the history of the Konfrontacja Sztuk Walki, a mixed martial arts promotion based in Poland. In 2014 Konfrontacja Sztuk Walki held 4 events beginning with,  KSW 22: Pride Time .
Vern McCaskill
Vern McCaskill (January 1, 1902 – March 23, 1992) was a  nurseryman active in southern California for much of the 20th century who specialised in breeding Camellia and Azalea cultivars. He was the father of the botanist and herbarium curator June McCaskill.

Camellia
Camellia (pronounced /kə.ˈmɛ.li.ə/ or /kə.ˈmiː.li.ə/) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Theaceae. They are found in tropical and subtropical areas in eastern and southern Asia, from the Himalayas east to Japan and Indonesia. There are more than 220 described species; almost all are found in southern China and Indochina.: 66  Camellias are popular ornamental, tea, and woody-oil plants cultivated worldwide for centuries. Over 26,000 cultivars, with more than 51,000 cultivar names, including synonyms, have been registered or published.

The leaves of C. sinensis are processed to create tea, and so are of particular economic importance in East Asia, Southeast Asia, and the Indian subcontinent, with the processed leaves widely sold and consumed globally. The ornamental C. japonica, C. sasanqua and their hybrids are the source of hundreds of garden cultivars. C. oleifera produces tea seed oil, used in cooking and cosmetics.
Saif al-Arab Gaddafi
Saif al-Arab Gaddafi (Arabic: سيف العرب القذافي, romanized: Saifu l-ʿArab al-Qaḏḏāfī, lit. 'Sword of the Arabs; of the Gaddafa'; 1982 – 30 April 2011) was the sixth son of the then Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi. From around 2006 to 2010, Saif al-Arab spent much of his time in Munich. On 30 April 2011, the Libyan government reported that Saif al-Arab and three of his young nieces and nephews were killed by a NATO airstrike, which was later revealed to be French, on his house during the Libyan Civil War. During the beginning of the uprising, Saif al-Arab was put in charge of military forces by his father in order to put down protests in Benghazi. Saif al-Arab was viewed as the most low-profile of Gaddafi's eight children.

Qadhadhfa
The Qadhadhfa (also al-Qaddafa, Gaddadfa, Qaddadfa, Gaddafa; Arabic: القذاذفـة, romanized: al-Qaḏāḏifa) is one of the Arab Ashraf tribes in Libya, living in the Sirte District in present-day northwestern Libya. They are traditionally counted amongst the country's Ashraf tribes, and during the Gaddafi regime were regarded as one of the greatest and most powerful tribes in the whole country. Much of the tribe is of Arabized Berber descent.They are now mostly centered at Qasr Abu Hadi, Sirte.
Sobekemsaf
Sobekemsaf (sbk-m-z3=f; “Sobek is his protection”) is an ancient Egyptian theophoric name, popular during the Second Intermediate Period (mainly in the 17th Dynasty). Although it is grammatically masculine, it was also used for women; it was common during this era that the gender of a name did not correspond to that of its bearer.

Theophoric name
A theophoric name (from Greek: θεόφορος, theophoros, literally "bearing or carrying a god") embeds the word equivalent of 'god' or a god's name in a person's name, reflecting something about the character of the person so named in relation to that deity. For example, names embedding Apollo, such as Apollonios or Apollodorus, existed in Greek antiquity.

Theophoric personal names, containing the name of a god in whose care the individual is entrusted (or a generic word for god), were also exceedingly common in the ancient Near East and Mesopotamia.  Some names of theophoric origin remain common today, such as Theodore (theo-, "god"; -dore, origin of word compound in Greek: doron, "gift"; hence "God's gift"; in Greek: Theodoros) or, less recognisably, Jonathan (from Hebrew Yonatan/Yehonatan, meaning "Yahweh has given").
Guglielmo Lorenzi
Guglielmo Lorenzi (Nonza, Corsica 1734 - Valletta, Malta January 14, 1799) was a Maltese corsair and naval officer of Corsican origin. He was one of the most prominent Maltese corsairs of the 18th century, during a time when the practice of corsairing in Malta, known as the Corso, was in general decline. He became an officer of the Imperial Russian Navy in 1789 and led a squadron in the Russo-Turkish War. After retiring to Malta at the end of this war in 1792, Lorenzi became one of the leaders of an abortive uprising against the French occupation of Malta and was executed by firing squad in Valetta in 1799.

French occupation of Malta
The island of Malta was occupied by France from 1798 to 1800. The Knights Hospitaller surrendered to Napoleon Bonaparte following the French landing in June 1798. In Malta, the French established a constitutional tradition in Maltese history (as part of the French First Republic), granted free education for all, and theoretically established freedom of the press, although only the pro-French newspaper Journal de Malte was actually published during the occupation.

The French abolished nobility, slavery, the feudal system, and the inquisition. The only remaining architectural reminder of the French occupation is probably the defacement of most coats of arms on the façades of buildings of the knights. The Maltese soon rebelled against the French and drove the French garrison into Valletta and the Grand Harbour fortifications where they were besieged for more than two years. The French surrendered Malta when their food supplies were about to run out.