hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cemophora coccinea
Cemophora coccinea, commonly known as the scarlet snake, is a species of nonvenomous snake in the subfamily Colubrinae of the family Colubridae. The species is native to the southeastern United States. There are two subspecies of C. coccinea that are recognized as being valid. The Texas scarlet snake (C. lineri) was previously considered a subspecies.

Johann Friedrich Blumenbach
Johann Friedrich Blumenbach (11 May 1752 – 22 January 1840) was a German physician, naturalist, physiologist, and anthropologist. He is considered to be a main founder of zoology and anthropology as comparative, scientific disciplines. He has been called the "founder of racial classifications".

He was one of the first to explore the study of the human being as an aspect of natural history. His teachings in comparative anatomy were applied to his classification of human races, of which he claimed there were five: Caucasian, Mongolian, Malayan, Ethiopian, and American. He was a member of what modern historians call the Göttingen school of history.

He is considered a pivotal figure in the development of physical anthropology. Blumenbach's peers considered him one of the great theorists of his day, and he was a mentor or influence on many of the next generation of German biologists, including Alexander von Humboldt.
Wisconsin Central Railroad (1871–1899)
The original Wisconsin Central Railroad Company was a major early railroad that operated throughout northern Wisconsin. It built lines up through the forested wilderness, and opened large tracts to logging and settlement. It established stations which would grow into a string of cities and towns between Stevens Point and Ashland, including Marshfield and Medford, and it connected these places to Chicago and St. Paul. It also played a major role in building Chicago's Grand Central Station.

Despite these successes, it struggled financially from the start and was bankrupt by 1879. It was leased to the Northern Pacific Railway from 1889 to 1893, and was finally reorganized from bankruptcy in 1897 as the Wisconsin Central Railway.

Wisconsin River
The Wisconsin River is the longest river in the U.S. state of Wisconsin, at approximately 430 miles (692 km) long. As a tributary of the Mississippi River, it is part of the Mississippi River System. The river's name was first recorded in 1673 by Jacques Marquette as "Meskousing" from his Indian guides - most likely Miami for "river running through a red place."

The river has been used for transportation, hunting, and fishing since prehistoric times. In the lumber industry, loggers used the upper reaches of the river and its tributaries to drive logs to their sawmills and the lower reaches to float rafts of sawn boards to markets as near as Portage and as far as St. Louis. Today, it is source of energy and tourism: dams along the river generate hydroelectric power, and people fish, boat, water-ski and sight-see on the river. It is home to many species of fish and other wildlife.
2020 Women's U-19 World Floorball Championships
The 2020 Women's U-19 World Floorball Championships was the 9th world championships in women's under-19 floorball and held on 1 to 5 September 2021 in Uppsala, Sweden. Originally scheduled to take place on 6 to 10 May 2020, but due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it was rescheduled to 2021.

Finland won their second World Championship ever and the first World Championship since 9 years. In the final Finland won host team Sweden on overtime 5–4. Czech Republic won bronze medal over Switzerland with numbers 6–2.

Under-19 World Floorball Championships
Under-19 World Floorball Championships is a tournament for national junior teams from member countries of the International Floorball Federation. It has been held regularly every two years since 2001 for men and since 2004 for women. Men's tournaments take place in odd-numbered years, while women's tournaments are held in even-numbered years. The tournament takes place in May.

The reigning champion and the most successful nation in both categories is Sweden, with six titles in the men's competition and eight in the women's.

The most recent Men's U19 World Floorball Championship in 2023 was hosted in Denmark, while the next edition in 2025 will be held in Switzerland. The latest Women's U19 World Floorball Championship in 2024 took place in Finland, with the next tournament scheduled for 2026 in Italy.
2016–17 New Zealand Women's Twenty20 Competition
The 2016–17 New Zealand Women's Twenty20 Competition was the tenth season of the women's Twenty20 cricket competition played in New Zealand. It ran from November 2016 to February 2017, with 6 provincial teams taking part. Otago Sparks beat Canterbury Magicians in a close finish, winning the final by 5 runs and claiming their first Twenty20 title.

The tournament ran alongside the 2016–17 New Zealand Women's One-Day Competition.

Canterbury Magicians
The Canterbury Magicians is the women's representative cricket team for the New Zealand region of Canterbury. They play their home games at Hagley Oval, Christchurch. They compete in the Hallyburton Johnstone Shield  one-day competition and the Women's Super Smash Twenty20 competition. They are the most successful side in the history of the Hallyburton Johnstone Shield, with 39 title wins.
Coast and Geodetic Survey Pacific War Zone Medal
The Coast and Geodetic Survey Pacific War Zone Medal is a decoration of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey presented to personnel of the Coast and Geodetic Survey for service during World War II or its immediate aftermath.

Awards and decorations of the United States government
Awards and decorations of the United States government are civilian awards of the U.S. federal government which are typically issued for sustained meritorious service, in a civilian capacity, while serving in the U.S. federal government.  Certain U.S. government awards may also be issued to military personnel of the United States Armed Forces and be worn in conjunction with awards and decorations of the United States military. In order of precedence, those U.S. non-military awards and decorations authorized for wear are worn after U.S. military personal decorations and unit awards and before U.S. military campaign and service awards.

The following is a selection of civilian awards which are presently issued by the U.S. government.
Stone Age in Azerbaijan
The Stone Age in Azerbaijan is divided into the Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic periods. It was studied in Karabakh, Gazakh, Lerik, Gobustan, and Nakhchivan. Stone materials belonging to the Stone Age were found by Mammadali Huseynov in the Shorsu gorge located near the village of Gyrag Kasaman in Qazakh region. According to his research, people have first settled in the territory of Azerbaijan 2 million years ago. The Stone Age era involved two different human species: Homo neanderthalensis and Homo sapiens.

Zar Cave
Zar cave (Azerbaijani: Zar mağarası) is an archaeological site of prehistoric human habitation during the Upper Paleolithic. It is located in the southern part of Zar village, in Kalbajar District, Azerbaijan.

During an archaeological campaign in the Kalbajar District from 1981 to 1987, cave paintings of prehistoric humans were discovered. Flint knives, arrowheads and bone combs were also found during the excavations. Traces of dents on discovered boards indicate that they were used for milling wheat. These boards resemble ones found in the Tağlar Cave. It is assumed that occupants of both caves belong to the same group or are related and have interacted. Numerous of the artefacts and items produced in the Tağlar Cave were used at the Zar site.
Rubblization
Rubblization is a construction and engineering technique that involves saving time and transportation costs by reducing existing concrete into rubble at its current location rather than hauling it to another location. Rubblization has two primary applications: creating a base for new roadways and decommissioning nuclear power plants.

Rubble
Rubble is broken stone, of irregular size, shape and texture; undressed especially as a filling-in. Rubble naturally found in the soil is known also as 'brash' (compare cornbrash). Where present, it becomes more noticeable when the land is ploughed or worked.
Román Ramos
Román Ramos Álvaro (born 6 January 1991) is a Spanish motorcycle racer. During 2018, he rode for Team Go Eleven on a Kawasaki, until losing the ride to Eugene Laverty. He has also competed in the Moto2 World Championship, the CEV Supersport Championship, the Spanish Kawasaki Ninja Cup (which he won in 2007) and the CEV Moto2 Championship, which he won in 2013; in the same year he also won the European Supersport title.

Eugene Laverty
Eugene Laverty (born 3 June 1986) is a former professional motorcycle road racer from Northern Ireland, the brother of Michael and John.

For 2022, Laverty is contracted to ride for satellite BMW team Bonovo in World Superbike Championship. Midway through the season, Laverty announced his intended retirement at the end of 2022, partly due to poor race results, to continue with the same team as a co-owner and rider coach.

During 2021, Laverty rode in some World Superbike events before his RC Squadra Corse team withdrew from racing; further rides later in the season were as a replacement for injured BMW factory rider Tom Sykes.
Swaran Lata (singer)
Swaran Lata (born 19 November 1938), or Swaranlata (Punjabi: ਸਵਰਨ ਲਤਾ) is a former Punjabi singer of Indian Punjab.
 She is known for her songs like Lai De Maye Kaalean Baagan Di Mehndi, Munh Vich Bhabi De, Nand Burkiaan Pave. She sang almost every Punjabi singer of her time, including Harcharan Garewal, Karamjit Dhuri, Karnail Gill, Muhammad Sadiq, Didar Sandhu, Gurcharan Pohli, Ramesh Rangila, Jagat Singh Jagga, Daleep Singh Deep and Mahendra Kapoor. Most of her recording is found with Karamjit Dhuri with whom she performed in live shows for the longest time as well.

Due to the political situations in Punjab, she stop doing live shows in 1988 and her last performance was at Dhillwan.

Mahendra Kapoor
Mahendra Kapoor (9 January 1934 – 27 September 2008) was an Indian playback singer. In a long career spanning decades, his repertoire included popular songs such as Chalo ekbaar phir se Ajnabi ban jayen hum dono (Gumrah) and Neele Gagan ke tale (Hamraaz). His name however became most closely associated with patriotic songs including Mere Desh Ki Dharti in Manoj Kumar's film Upkaar. He considered Mohammad Rafi as his Guru. In 1972, he was awarded the Padma Shri by the Government of India. He lent his voice to actors Manoj Kumar and Sunil Dutt in most of their films and had a lengthy association with director-producer Baldev Raj Chopra.
Nyungwea pycnidiata
Nyungwea pycnidiata is a rare species of lichen in the family Opegraphaceae. Found in the North Region of Brazil, it was described as a new species in 2017. It is unique for its adaptation to living on termite nests.

Opegraphaceae
Opegraphaceae is a family of lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi in the order Arthoniales. It was originally proposed by German lichenologist Ernst Stizenberger in 1862. It fell into disuse, but was resurrected in a molecular phylogenetic study of the order Arthoniales published in 2010. It now includes taxa that were previously referred to the family Roccellaceae, its sister group.
Saliceto, Piedmont
Saliceto (Piedmontese: Sarzèj) is a commune in the province of Cuneo, and the region of Piedmont, Italy, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) southeast of Turin and about 50 kilometres (31 mi) east of Cuneo.

Saliceto borders the following municipalities: Cairo Montenotte, Camerana, Cengio, Gottasecca, and Montezemolo.

Historically Saliceto was a possession of the Del Carretto  marquisses of Finale Ligure, who built here a castle in 1588. The castle was besieged in 1689 by Spanish troops.

Cuneo
Cuneo (Italian: [ˈkuːneo] ⓘ; Piedmontese: Coni [ˈkʊni]; Occitan: Coni [ˈkuni]; French: Coni [kɔni]) is a city and comune in Piedmont, Italy, the capital of the province of Cuneo, the fourth largest of Italy's provinces by area.

It is located at an elevation of 550 metres (1,800 ft) in the south-west of Piedmont, at the confluence of the rivers Stura and Gesso.

Cuneo is bounded by the municipalities of Beinette, Borgo San Dalmazzo, Boves, Busca, Caraglio, Castelletto Stura, Centallo, Cervasca, Morozzo, Peveragno, Tarantasca and Vignolo.

It is located near six mountain passes:

Colle della Maddalena at 1,996 metres (6,549 ft)

Colle di Tenda at 1,871 metres (6,138 ft) – Tunnel of Tenda at 1,300 metres (4,300 ft), 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) long

Colle del Melogno at 1,027 metres (3,369 ft)

Colle San Bernardo at 957 metres (3,140 ft)

Colle di Nava at 934 metres (3,064 ft)

Colle di Cadibona at 459 metres (1,506 ft).
Lamar Johnson (actor)
Lamar Johnson is a Canadian actor and dancer. He is known for his roles as West in the dance drama The Next Step (2013–2019), as Seven Carter in the American drama film The Hate U Give (2018), as Charlie in All the Bright Places (2020), and as Henry Burrell in The Last of Us (2023).

He won the Canadian Screen Award for Best Lead Performance in a Film at the 11th Canadian Screen Awards in 2023, for his performance as Michael in the film Brother.

Canadian Screen Award for Best Lead Performance in a Film
The Canadian Screen Award for Best Lead Performance in a Film was an award presented by the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television as part of the Canadian Screen Awards program, to honour the best leading performance in a theatrical film.

It was a merger of the former awards for Best Actor and Best Actress, following the academy's announcement in August 2022 that it would start presenting gender-neutral acting awards instead of gendered ones. The category was presented only at the 11th Canadian Screen Awards in 2023; beginning with the 12th Canadian Screen Awards in 2024, it was split into separate awards for Best Lead Performance in a Comedy Film and Best Lead Performance in a Drama Film.
J.G.M. A.S.C. Huambo
Jorge Gomes Mangrinha Académica Sport Clube do Huambo best known as JGM is an Angolan sports club from the city of Huambo, in the namesake southern province.
In 2016, the club participated for the second consecutive time in the Gira Angola (Angola's second division championship), after winning the Huambo province football championship.

The club is named after its owner, Angolan businessman Jorge Gomes Mangrinha.

Girabola
Girabola, or Campeonato Nacional de Futebol de Séniores Masculinos, is the top division of Angolan football. It is organized by the Angolan Football Federation.

The term "Girabola" (lit. 'spin ball') is a creation of the nationalist, radio broadcaster and sports reporter Rui Carvalho, in 1972, at a time when the Angolan championship was still officially called "Campeonato do Estado Ultramarino de Angola". The name "Girabola" differentiated the competition from the other overseas provinces and was a subtle form of anti-colonial protest.

The league winner and runner-up qualify for the CAF Champions League.
68th Writers Guild of America Awards
The 68th Writers Guild of America Awards honored the best in film, television, radio and video-game writing of 2015. Winners were announced on February 13, 2016, at Hyatt Regency Century Plaza, Los Angeles, California. The nominations for Television, New Media, Radio, News and Promotional Writing were announced on December 3, 2015, while, Theatrical and Documentary Screenplay were announced on January 6, 2016, and Video-game Writing was announced the following week. There were no nominees in the Television Graphic Art and Animation.

The show was hosted by Lisa Kudrow.

Writers Guild of America Awards
The Writers Guild of America Awards is an award for film, television, and radio writing including both fiction and non-fiction categories given by the Writers Guild of America, East and Writers Guild of America West since 1949.
Death of Benny Whitehouse
Benny Whitehouse was a 35 year old Irishman who was shot dead in Balbriggan as part of a suspected criminal feud.

Whitehouse and his partner had dropped their children off at school when their car, parked on Clonard Street, was approached by a gunman who shot Whitehouse dead and injured his partner. Whitehouse had dealt illicit drugs and there was a price of €20,000 put on his head.

Balbriggan
Balbriggan (/bælˈbrɪɡən/; Irish: Baile Brigín, pronounced [ˌbˠalʲə ˈbʲɾʲɪɟiːnʲ]) is a coastal town in Fingal, in the northern part of County Dublin, Ireland. It is approximately 34 km north of the city of Dublin, for which it is a commuter town. The 2022 census population was 24,322 for Balbriggan, making it the 17th-largest urban area in Ireland. The town formerly had an active textile industry, and was the site of a major episode in the Irish War of Independence.
Francisc Spielmann
Francisc Spielmann (Hungarian: Sárvári Ferenc; 10 July 1916 – 21 November 1974) was a football player and coach of German ethnicity who played as a striker at international level for Romania and Hungary.

Germans of Romania
The Germans of Romania (German: Rumäniendeutsche; Romanian: Germanii din România or germani-români; Hungarian: romániai németek) represent one of the most significant historical ethnic minorities of Romania from the modern period onwards.

Throughout the interwar period, the total number of ethnic Germans in the country amounted to as many as c. 800,000 (according to some sources and estimates dating to 1939, just on the verge of World War II), a figure which has subsequently drastically fallen to c. 36,000 (according to the 2011 census) and dropped even more to c. 22,900 (as per the 2021 Romanian census, postponed one year because of the COVID-19 pandemic and conducted in 2022).

Following the decreasing trend of the overall population of Romania, the German community of the country is expected to continue shrinking in numbers as well, as it has already been officially reported by the partial results of the 2021 census.
Chemistry Federation
The Chemistry Federation (French: Fédération de la Chimie, Fédéchimie) is a trade union representing workers in chemical and related industries in France.

The union was established on 24 January 1948, as the National Federation of the Chemical and Glass Industries.  Its members had formerly belonged to the National Federation of Chemical Industries or the Glass Federation, both affiliated to the General Confederation of Labour, but objected to the influence of the French Communist Party in those unions.  The new union affiliated to Workers' Force (FO).

In 1971, the union's general secretary, Maurice Labi, argued unsuccessfully for the union to merge with the Federation of Chemical Industries, an affiliate of the French Democratic Confederation of Labour.  Defeated, Labi resigned and joined the CFDT with a few hundred supporters.

By 2002, the union claimed 15,000 members.  In 2011, FO Textiles was dissolved, and the majority of its members transferred to the Chemistry Federation.

Workers' Force
The General Confederation of Labor – Workers' Force (French: Confédération Générale du Travail – Force Ouvrière, or simply Force Ouvrière, FO), is one of the five major union confederations in France. In terms of following, it is the third behind the CGT and the CFDT.

Force Ouvrière was founded in 1948 by former members of the General Confederation of Labor (CGT) who denounced the dominance of the French Communist Party over that federation.

FO is a member of the European Trade Union Confederation. Its leader is Frédéric Souillot, since June 2022.
Noise Pop Festival
Noise Pop Festival is an annual week-long music and arts festival that takes place throughout the San Francisco Bay Area produced by Noise Pop. From 1993 to 2020, and then resuming in 2022, Noise Pop Festival has provided exposure to some emerging artists, many of which have gone on to widespread acclaim, including The White Stripes, Modest Mouse, Death Cab for Cutie, The Flaming Lips, The Shins, Fleet Foxes and Bright Eyes.

Communiqué (band)
Communiqué was a 2000s indie rock band from the San Francisco Bay Area. The band originated as American Steel, but decided to record under the name Communiqué after their third album because their new poppy indie rock sound did not match the punk style of American Steel. Their first release as Communiqué was the 2003 EP titled A Crescent Honeymoon. In 2004, they released their debut album Poison Arrows. In 2007, the Communiqué name was discontinued, with the members becoming American Steel again.
Autapomorphy
In phylogenetics, an autapomorphy is a distinctive feature, known as a derived trait, that is unique to a given taxon.  That is, it is found only in one taxon, but not found in any others or outgroup taxa, not even those most closely related to the focal taxon (which may be a species, family or in general any clade). It can therefore be considered  as an apomorphy in relation to a single taxon. The word autapomorphy, introduced in 1950 by German entomologist Willi Hennig, is derived from the Ancient Greek words αὐτός (autós), meaning "self"; ἀπό (apó), meaning "away from"; and μορφή (morphḗ), meaning "shape, form".

Outgroup (cladistics)
In cladistics or phylogenetics, an outgroup is a more distantly related group of organisms that serves as a reference group when determining the evolutionary relationships of the ingroup, the set of organisms under study, and is distinct from sociological outgroups. Character states present in the ingroup but absent in the outgroup are (often) synapomorphies that provide empirical support for the inferred monophyly of the ingroup; character states that are present in the outgroup and some members of the ingroup are symplesiomorphies, and their complementary synapomorphies shared among some members of the ingroup provide hypotheses of relationship within the ingroup clade.  The outgroup is used as a point of comparison for the ingroup and specifically allows for the phylogeny to be rooted. Because the polarity (direction) of character change can be determined only on a rooted phylogeny, the choice of outgroup is essential for understanding the evolution of traits along a phylogeny.
Aaron Beer
Aaron Beer Gabriel (Yiddish: אהרן בער גבריאל); (10 February 1739 – 3 January 1821), also known as the Bamberger Ḥazzan, was a German ḥazzan and composer, who served as chief cantor of the Jewish congregation of Berlin. He was known as a tenor of considerable vocal range.

Hazzan
A hazzan (/ˈhɑːzən/; Hebrew: [χaˈzan], lit. 'hazan') or chazzan (Hebrew: חַזָּן, romanized: ḥazzān, plural ḥazzānim; Yiddish: חזן, romanized: khazn; Ladino: חזן, romanized: hasan) is a Jewish musician or precentor trained in the vocal arts who leads the congregation in songful Jewish prayer. In English, a hazzan is often referred to as a cantor, a term also used in Christianity.

An individual leading a Jewish congregation in public prayer is also called a sh'liaḥ tzibbur (Hebrew: שליח ציבור, lit. 'messenger of the public'). Any person is called a sh'liach tzibbur while leading prayer. However, the term hazzan more commonly refers to someone with formal specialized training in leading prayers or who is appointed to lead prayers regularly in a given synagogue without a formally trained hazzan.