hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Synopsis Universae Philologiae
Synopsis Universae Philologiae is an early work on comparative linguistics by Gottfried Hensel (Godofredus Henselius; 1687–1767), a rector in Hirschberg (Jelenia Góra), Lower Silesia.
Its full title reads:  Synopsis universae philologiae: in qua: miranda unitas et harmonia linguarum totius orbis terrarum occulta, e literarum, syllabarum, vocumque natura & recessibus eruitur. Cum Grammatica, LL. Orient. Harmonica, Synoptice tractata; nec non descriptione Orbis Terr. quoad Linguarum situm & propagationem, mappisque geographico-polyglottis.
It was published in 1741 in Nuremberg by commission of the Homann heirs company. A second edition appeared in 1754.

Comparative linguistics
Comparative linguistics is a branch of historical linguistics that is concerned with comparing languages to establish their historical relatedness.

Genetic relatedness implies a common origin or proto-language and comparative linguistics aims to construct language families, to reconstruct proto-languages and specify the changes that have resulted in the documented languages. To maintain a clear distinction between attested and reconstructed forms, comparative linguists prefix an asterisk to any form that is not found in surviving texts. A number of methods for carrying out language classification have been developed, ranging from simple inspection to computerised hypothesis testing. Such methods have gone through a long process of development.
Liberty Cap large cent
The Liberty Cap large cent was a type of large cent struck by the United States Mint from 1793 until 1796, when it was replaced by the Draped Bust large cent. The coin features an image of the goddess of Liberty and her accompanying Phrygian cap.

Draped Bust
"Draped Bust" was the name given to a design of United States coins. It appeared on much of the regular-issue copper and silver United States coinage, 1796–1807. It was designed by engraver Robert Scot.
Transport in Brazil
Transport infrastructure in Brazil is characterized by strong regional differences and lack of development of the national rail network. Brazil's fast-growing economy, and especially the growth in exports, will place increasing demands on the transport networks. However, sizeable new investments that are expected to address some of the issues are either planned or in progress. It is common to travel domestically by air because the price is low. Brazil has the second highest number of airports in the world, after the USA.

Salgado Filho Porto Alegre International Airport
Porto Alegre–Salgado Filho International Airport (IATA: POA, ICAO: SBPA) is the airport serving Porto Alegre and the region of Greater Porto Alegre, Brazil. Since October 12, 1951, it is named after the Senator and first Minister of the Brazilian Air Force Joaquim Pedro Salgado Filho (1888–1950).

It is operated by Fraport Brasil.
Ramon Tribulietx
Ramon Tribulietx Santolaya (born 20 September 1972) is a Spanish football coach and former player.

Tribulietx holds the world record for the most trophies in continental competitions, winning seven straight OFC Champions League titles with Auckland City between 2011 and 2017.

2014–15 New Zealand Football Championship
The 2014–15 New Zealand Football Championship season (currently known as the ASB Premiership  for sponsorship reasons) was the eleventh season of the NZFC since its establishment in 2004. Nine teams are involved this season, which includes the newly formed Wellington Phoenix reserve team. Auckland City and Team Wellington will represent the ASB Premiership in the 2014–15 OFC Champions League after finishing Champions and Runners-up respectively in the 2013–14 competition.
Burgaltendorf
Burgaltendorf (German pronunciation: [bʊʁkˈaltn̩dɔʁf]) is a southeastern borough of the city of Essen in North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany. When the former independent municipality of Altendorf (Ruhr) was incorporated into the city in 1970, it was renamed into Burgaltendorf to avoid confusion with the northwestern Essen borough of Altendorf. The borough Burgaltendorf is named after Castle Altendorf, which was built here in the 2nd half of the 12th century, probably between 1160 and 1180.

Altendorf, Essen
Altendorf (German pronunciation: [ˈaltn̩ˌdɔʁf], lit. 'old village') is a northwestern borough of the city of Essen, Germany. It was incorporated into the city on 1 August 1901. Previously, it had been part of the Bürgermeisterei Altendorf (Altendorf district), which existed since 1874. Altendorf consisted of two parts, Oberdorf (upper village) and Unterdorf (lower village). Around 23.000 people live here.
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy is the civil service training institution in India. The institute trains Indian Police Service (IPS) officers before they are sent to their respective state cadres to carry out their duties. The academy is in Shivrampalli, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Inspector-general of police
An inspector-general of police is a senior police officer in the police force or police service of several nations. The rank usually refers to the head of a large regional command within a police service, and in many countries refers to the most senior officer of the entire national police.
Qal'eh Dokhtar, Ferdows
Qal'eh Dokhtar, Ferdows (Persian: قلعه دختر فردوس), also the Ghal'eh Kuh of Hasanabad (Persian: قلعه کوه حسن‌آباد), is a small ruined fortress located north west of Ferdows (Tun) and near the village Hasanabad in South Khorasan Province, Iran. The fortress was used by the Nizari Ismailis of the Alamut period.

It was connected to the nearby major stronghold of Ghal'eh Kuh of Ferdows and to the city of Tun itself via secret subterranean passages discovered after the 1968 Dasht-e Bayaz and Ferdows earthquakes.

The fortifications of Tun were destroyed in May 1256 by the invading Mongols under Kitbuqa and Köke Ilgei.

Ferdows
Ferdows (Persian: فردوس) is a city in the Central District of Ferdows County, South Khorasan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. It is about 345 kilometres (214 mi) south of Mashhad and 200 km northwest of Birjand. Ferdows is on the main axis connecting Yazd, Kerman, Isfahan, Bushehr, Hormozgan and Fars provinces to Mashhad. Ferdows city is 1293 meters above sea level.
Oddbjørn Knutsen
Oddbjørn Knutsen (23 July 1953 – 11 August 2019) was a Norwegian political scientist.

He was born in Hadsel Municipality. After taking the dr.philos. degree in 1985 with the thesis Politiske verdier, konfliktlinjer og ideologi – den norske politiske kulturen i komparativt perspektiv he worked at the Institute for Social Research from 1986 to 1992. From 1993 he was a professor at the University of Oslo, serving until his death at age 66 in 2019.

He was a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, He chaired the Norwegian Political Science Association from 2010 to 2017 and the Nordic Political Science Association from 2011 to 2014, and was a board member of the European Consortium for Political Research from 2018 to his death.

Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters
The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters (Norwegian: Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi, DNVA) is a learned society based in Oslo, Norway. Its purpose is to support the advancement of science and scholarship in Norway.
B. K. N. Chhibber
Lieutenant General Bakshi Krishan Nath Chhibber (born 10 February 1936) is an Indian military veteran who has also served as Administrator of Chandigarh and Governor of Punjab from 18 September 1994 to 27 November 1999. As member of the 9th Gorkha Rifles he received all the three Peacetime distinguished service awards of Param Vishisht Seva Medal, Ati Vishisht Seva Medal and Vishisht Seva Medal.

Param Vishisht Seva Medal
Param Vishisht Seva Medal (PVSM) (IAST: Parama Viśiṣṭa Sēvā, lit. 'Supreme Distinguished Service Medal') is a military award of India. It is the highest peacetime medal of the Indian Armed Forces, and is awarded for "distinguished service of the most exceptional order." The medal is awarded for "distinguished service rendered by personnel of the Armed Forces."

All ranks of the Armed Forces, including Territorial Army, Auxiliary and Reserve forces, Nursing officers and other members of the Nursing services and other lawfully constituted Armed Forces are eligible for the medal, which may be awarded multiple times as well as posthumously.
Campeonato Mato-Grossense Second Division
The Campeonato Mato-Grossense Second Division is the second tier of the professional state football league in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso. It is run by the Mato Grosso Football Federation (FMF).

Federação Matogrossense de Futebol
The Federação Matogrossense de Futebol (English: Football Association of Mato Grosso state) was founded on May 26, 1942, and it manages all the official football tournaments within the state of Mato Grosso, which are the Campeonato Mato-Grossense, the Campeonato Mato-Grossense lower levels and the Copa Governador de Mato Grosso, and represents the clubs at the Brazilian Football Confederation (CBF).
Jean-Marc Ayrault
Jean-Marc Joseph Marcel Ayrault (French: [ʒɑ̃maʁk eʁo]; born 25 January 1950) is a French politician who served as Prime Minister of France from 15 May 2012 to 31 March 2014. He later was Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2016 to 2017. He previously was Mayor of Nantes from 1989 to 2012 and led the Socialist Party group in the National Assembly from 1997 to 2012.

Nantes Metropolis
The Nantes Metropolis (French: Nantes Métropole, pronounced [nɑ̃t metʁɔpɔl]) is the métropole, an intercommunal structure, centred on the city of Nantes. It is located in the Loire-Atlantique department, in the Pays de la Loire region, western France. It was created in January 2015, replacing the previous Communauté urbaine de Nantes. Its area is 523.4 km2. Its population was 636,013 in 2018, of which 314,138 in Nantes proper.

The metropolis is a member of the Nantes - Saint-Nazaire and Loire-Bretagne metropolitan clusters, as well as the Eurocities network, of which it chaired the Culture Forum in 2009.
Donaldson theory
In mathematics, and especially gauge theory, Donaldson theory is the study of the topology of smooth 4-manifolds using moduli spaces of anti-self-dual instantons. It was started by Simon Donaldson (1983) who proved Donaldson's theorem restricting the possible quadratic forms on the second cohomology group of a compact simply connected 4-manifold.  Important consequences of this theorem include the existence of an exotic R4 and the failure of the smooth h-cobordism theorem in 4 dimensions. The results of Donaldson theory depend therefore on the manifold having a differential structure, and are largely false for topological 4-manifolds.

Many of the theorems in Donaldson theory can now be proved more easily using Seiberg–Witten theory, though there are a number of open problems remaining in Donaldson theory, such as the Witten conjecture and the Atiyah–Floer conjecture.

Exotic R4
In mathematics, an exotic  is a differentiable manifold that is homeomorphic (i.e. shape preserving) but not diffeomorphic (i.e. non smooth) to the Euclidean space  The first examples were found in 1982 by Michael Freedman and others, by using the contrast between Freedman's theorems about topological 4-manifolds, and Simon Donaldson's theorems about smooth 4-manifolds. There is a continuum of non-diffeomorphic differentiable structures  as was shown first by Clifford Taubes.

Prior to this construction, non-diffeomorphic smooth structures on spheres – exotic spheres – were already known to exist, although the question of the existence of such structures for the particular case of the 4-sphere remained open (and remains open as of 2024). For any positive integer n other than 4, there are no exotic smooth structures  in other words, if n ≠ 4 then any smooth manifold homeomorphic to  is diffeomorphic to
Dutton v Poole (1678)
Dutton v Poole (1678) is a landmark decision in the Court of Chancery.

It established the rule that privity of contract coupled with lack of consideration preclude third-party suit for breach of a contract and an exception to the rule in appropriate close family relationships. The exception it stated was, having been shunned in run-of-the-mill contract cases for around a century, in 1999 reinstatated and broadened by the Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999.

Tweddle v Atkinson
Tweddle v Atkinson [1861] EWHC J57 (QB), (1861) 1 B&S 393 is an English contract law case concerning the principle of privity of contract and consideration. Its panel of appeal judges reinforced that the doctrine of privity meant that only those who are party to an agreement (outside of one of the well-established exceptional relationships such as agency, bailment or trusteeship) may sue or be sued on it and established the principle that "consideration must flow from the promisee".
Dave Pelz
David T. Pelz (October 8, 1939 – March 23, 2025) was an American golf coach, known for his expertise and published writing on the art of the short game, particularly putting.

Pelz's Short Game Bible was a New York Times "national best-seller" in 1999. Eleven of Pelz's professional students have won a total of 21 major championships. Pelz was named by Golf Digest magazine as one of the 25 most influential instructors of the 20th Century. He was a regular editorial contributor to Golf Magazine since 1982 and produced and hosted "The Dave Pelz Scoring Game Show" on the Golf Channel from 1995 to 2005. Pelz continued his research and instruction at the Pelz Golf Institute in Spicewood, Texas.

Callaway Golf Company
Topgolf Callaway Brands Corporation., formerly Callaway Golf Company, is an American global sports equipment manufacturing company that designs, manufactures, markets and sells golf equipment, more specifically clubs and balls, also including accessories such as bags, gloves, and caps. In 2021, the company purchased Topgolf, a chain of golf-related amusement and events centers.

The company sells its products through golf retailers and sporting goods retailers, through mass merchants, directly online, and through its pre-owned and trade-in services. Callaway markets its products in more than 70 countries worldwide. The company, based in Carlsbad, California, is the world's largest manufacturer of golf clubs.

In past years, Callaway marketed products under the "Toulon Design" and "Odyssey" putter brands, acquired in 1997, as well as "Top-Flite", "Strata", and "Ben Hogan" brands picked up following the bankruptcy of Spalding's former golf division in 2003.
2020 Miami-Dade County mayoral election
The 2020 Miami-Dade County mayoral election was held on November 3, 2020, to determine the mayor of Miami-Dade County, Florida. County Commissioner Daniella Levine Cava defeated fellow commissioner Esteban Bovo. Incumbent Mayor Carlos A. Giménez, first elected in 2011, was term-limited; instead running for the U.S. House of Representatives to represent Florida's 26th congressional district.

The election was officially non-partisan. A top-two primary election for this office was held on August 18, 2020, with county commissioners Esteban Bovo and Daniella Levine Cava advancing to a runoff election scheduled for November 3, 2020.

2020 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida
The 2020 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida were held on November 3, 2020, to elect the 27 U.S. representatives from Florida, one from each of the state's 27 congressional districts. The elections coincided with the 2020 U.S. presidential election, as well as other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the U.S. Senate, and various state and local elections.

In what was considered an upset, the Republican Party retook the two seats that it lost to the Democrats in 2018, expanding its 14–13 majority to 16–11.
2023–24 Liga 3 West Sulawesi
The 2023–24 Liga 3 West Sulawesi is the seventh edition of Liga 3 West Sulawesi organized by Asprov PSSI West Sulawesi.

This competition was attended by 10 clubs. The winner of this competition will advance to the national phase.

PS Sandeq is the defending champion after winning it in the 2021 season.

West Sulawesi
West Sulawesi (Indonesian: Sulawesi Barat), covering a land area of 17,152.99 km2 with its capital at Mamuju, is a province of Indonesia on the western side of Sulawesi (formerly Celebes) island, consisting 6 regencies (kabupaten), namely Polewali Mandar, Mamasa, Majene, Mamuju, Central Mamuju and Pasangkayu (formerly called North Mamuju).
Developmental psychopathology
Developmental psychopathology is the study of the development of psychological disorders (e.g., psychopathy, autism, schizophrenia and depression) with a life course perspective. Researchers who work from this perspective emphasize how psychopathology can be understood as normal development gone awry. Developmental psychopathology focuses on both typical and atypical child development in an effort to identify genetic, environmental, and parenting factors that may influence the longitudinal trajectory of psychological well-being.

Life course approach
The life course approach, also known as the life course perspective or life course theory, refers to an approach developed in the 1960s for analyzing people's lives within structural, social, and cultural contexts. It views one's life as a socially sequenced timeline and recognizes the importance of factors such as generational succession and age in shaping behavior and career. Development does not end at childhood, but instead extends through multiple life stages to influence life trajectory.

The origins of this approach can be traced back to pioneering studies of the 1920s such as William I. Thomas and Florian Znaniecki's The Polish Peasant in Europe and America and Karl Mannheim's essay on the "Problem of Generations".
Kawasaki Ninja ZX-10R
The Kawasaki Ninja ZX-10R is a motorcycle in the Ninja sport bike series from the Japanese manufacturer Kawasaki, the successor to the Ninja ZX-9R. It was originally released in 2004 and has been updated and revised throughout the years. It combines an ultra-narrow chassis, low weight, and radial brakes. In 2004 and 2005 the ZX-10R won Best Superbike from Cycle World magazine, and the international Masterbike competition.

Sport bike
A sport bike, sports motorcycle, or sports bike is a motorcycle designed and optimized for speed, acceleration, braking, and cornering on asphalt concrete race tracks and roads. They are mainly designed for performance at the expense of comfort, fuel economy, safety, noise reduction and storage in comparison with other motorcycles.

Sport bikes can be and are typically equipped with fairings and a windscreen to deflect wind from the rider to improve aerodynamics.
Keith Downey (agricultural scientist)
Richard Keith Downey, OC SOM FRSC (born January 26, 1927) is a Canadian agricultural scientist known for plant breeding and, as one of the originators of canola. He conducted his research at Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) and is largely responsible for transforming rapeseed into canola. His pioneering research has made him known as the "Father of Canola".

Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada
Fellowship of the Royal Society of Canada (FRSC) is an award granted to individuals that the Royal Society of Canada judges to have "made remarkable contributions in the arts, the humanities and the sciences, as well as in Canadian public life". As of 2020, there are more than 2,000 living Canadian fellows, including scholars, artists, and scientists such as Margaret Atwood, Philip J. Currie, David Suzuki, Brenda Milner, and Demetri Terzopoulos. There are four types of fellowship:

Honorary fellows (a title of honour)

Regularly elected fellows

Specially elected fellows

Foreign fellows (neither residents nor citizens of Canada)
Prince Lal Maluk
Prince Lal Maluk (Sindhi: "شهزادو لال ملوڪ") is a Pakistani folktale from Sindh and published by Sindhologist Nabi Bakhsh Baloch, about the marriage between a human maiden and a bridegroom of supernatural origin; she betrays his trust, and has to search for him. The tale is a local form of the international cycle of the Animal as Bridegroom or The Search for the Lost Husband, in that a woman marries a man of supernatural origin (a snake or serpent), loses him and must regain him.

Aarne–Thompson–Uther Index
The Aarne–Thompson–Uther Index (ATU Index) is a catalogue of folktale types used in folklore studies. The ATU index is the product of a series of revisions and expansions by an international group of scholars: Originally published in German by Finnish folklorist Antti Aarne (1910), the index was translated into English, revised, and expanded by American folklorist Stith Thompson (1928, 1961), and later further revised and expanded by German folklorist Hans-Jörg Uther (2004). The ATU index is an essential tool for folklorists, used along with the Thompson (1932) Motif-Index of Folk-Literature.
Recreation Ground, Banstead
The Recreation Ground is a cricket ground in Banstead, Surrey.  The first recorded match on the ground was in 1955, when South Women Second XI played the Women's Cricket Association.  It hosted its only first-class match in 1984, when Surrey played Cambridge University.

Additionally, between 1983 and 2006, the ground played host to a number of Surrey Second XI matches in the Second XI Championship and Second XI Trophy, hosting a combined total of 20 Second XI matches.

The ground has also hosted 2 Women's One Day International's.  The first came in 1986 and was played between England women and India women.  The second was played between England women and Denmark women in 1993 Women's Cricket World Cup.

In local domestic cricket, the Recreation Ground is the home venue of Banstead Cricket Club who play in the Surrey Premier League.  The original pavilion was constructed in the 1890s and still stands to this day, although a new pavilion was built in the 1970s.

Banstead
Banstead is a town in the borough of Reigate and Banstead in Surrey, England. It is 3 miles (5 km) south of Sutton, 7 miles (11 km) south-west of Croydon, 7 miles (11 km) north of Reigate, 8.5 miles (14 km) south-east of Kingston-upon-Thames, and 14 miles (23 km) south of Central London.

On the North Downs, it is on three of the four main compass points separated from other settlements by open area buffers with Metropolitan Green Belt status. Banstead Downs, although a fragment of its larger historic area and spread between newer developments, is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI).

One of the Banstead wards is "Banstead Village". The contiguous ward of Nork, which contains Banstead station, shares in many amenities of Banstead and is included in county-level population analyses of Banstead but not the central-government-drawn Banstead Built-up Area. The latter takes in Burgh Heath and held 15,469 residents as at the 2011 census.
Kilmaluag
Kilmaluag (Scottish Gaelic: Cill Moluaig, meaning St. Moluag's Cell, Church or Chapel) is a township made up of several small settlements on the most northerly point of the Trotternish peninsula of the Isle of Skye, Scotland. Kilmaluag is within the parish of Kilmuir.

The settlements within the township include Balmacqueen (Gaelic: Macqueen's Place), Kendram (Gaelic: Head of the Ridge), Connista (Norse: High Farm), Aird (Gaelic: Point or Promontory) and Solitote (Gaelic: Ruin Hill).

The Kilmaluag also gives its name to a Jurassic geological formation, the Kilmaluag Formation. This limestone and sandstone formation is Bathonian in age, and outcrops in the harbour of the village and in several other locations on Skye.

Kilmuir, Skye
Kilmuir (Scottish Gaelic: Cille Mhoire) is a village on the west coast of the Trotternish peninsula in the north of the island of Skye, and a civil parish covering the north of the peninsula. It is in the Scottish council area of Highland and is the only place in Scotland (apart from the Western Isles) where Scottish Gaelic is spoken by about half of the population. Flora MacDonald, who assisted Bonnie Prince Charlie to escape from Scotland after his defeat at Culloden, is buried here, and fashion designer Alexander McQueen has his headstone here.