hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sow and Pigs Reef
Sow and Pigs Reef is a rocky reef in Sydney Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. The reef is situated on the eastern side of the main shipping channel between Middle Head and South Head. It is 150 metres (490 ft) long and up to 70 metres (230 ft) wide. Originally the reef was exposed and resembled a sow and her litter. Explosives were used to reduce the reef, however, and now the reef is only exposed at a very low tide. A number of ships have been wrecked or damaged after hitting the reef. The D'harawal name for the Sow and Pigs Reef is Boora Birra.

Sydney Heads
The Sydney Heads (also simply known as the Heads) are a series of headlands that form the 2 km (1.2 mi) wide entrance to Sydney Harbour in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. North Head and Quarantine Head are to the north; South Head and Dunbar Head are to the south; and Middle Head, Georges Head, and Chowder Head are to the west and within the harbour. The Heads are contained within the Sydney Harbour National Park.

Some features located on the heads are heritage-listed on the Australian National Heritage List; such as the Hornby Lighthouse, located on South Head, Australia's third-oldest lighthouse; Macquarie Lighthouse, Australia's first lighthouse, located 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) to the south on Dunbar Head; and the former Quarantine Station on North Head.
Mill town
A mill town, also known as factory town or mill village, is a community that developed around one or more textile or other industrial mills, where the local economy centered on mill production and company owners typically provided housing, stores, schools, and other services to support workers and their families. Emerging prominently during the early 19th-century Industrial Revolution, mill towns harnessed water power from rivers to mechanize textile manufacturing, initially concentrating in New England before expanding southward, where they eclipsed northern production by the 1920s through lower labor costs and abundant resources. These towns featured a paternalistic social structure, with mill corporations exerting broad influence over daily life to ensure labor stability and productivity, fostering economic booms that built infrastructure but also vulnerability to market fluctuations, technological changes, and eventual deindustrialization.

Company town
A company town is a place where all or most of the stores and housing in the town are owned by the same company that is also the main employer. Company towns are often planned with a suite of amenities such as stores, houses of worship, schools, markets, and recreation facilities.

Some company towns were established to improve living conditions for workers, but many have been regarded as controlling and/or exploitative. Others were not planned, such as Summit Hill, Pennsylvania, United States, one of the oldest, which began as a Lehigh Coal & Navigation Company mining camp and mine site nine miles (14 km) from the nearest outside road.
Legislative Assembly of Ulyanovsk Oblast
The Legislative Assembly of Ulyanovsk Oblast (Russian: Законодательное собрание Ульяновской области, romanized: Zakonodatel'noye sobraniye Ul'yanovskoy oblasti) is the regional parliament of Ulyanovsk Oblast, a federal subject of Russia. A total of 36 deputies are elected for five-year terms.

Regional parliaments of Russia
The regional parliaments of Russia are the regional legislatures in the federal subjects of Russia (republics, krais, oblasts, autonomous oblasts and federal cities), which have different names but are often collectively referred to as regional parliaments.

The federal structure of Russia includes 85 regional parliaments. The largest regional parliament is the State Assembly of the Republic of Bashkortostan, which consists of 110 deputies, while the smallest one is the Duma of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, which consists of 15 deputies. Currently, deputies in the regional parliaments are elected for five-year terms.
Long Day Good Night
Long Day Good Night is the thirteenth and final studio album by American progressive metal band Fates Warning, released on November 6, 2020. It is Fates Warning's first release on Metal Blade Records since 2004's FWX and also the first to feature guitarist Mike Abdow as a full time member, which he became in 2017 having previously been a touring only member (since 2013) and appearing as a guest on their previous album Theories of Flight in 2016.

Theories of Flight
Theories of Flight is the twelfth studio album by progressive metal band Fates Warning, released on July 1, 2016 through Inside Out Music; their last release on the label with their re-signing with their longtime label Metal Blade Records in 2019. Theories of Flight marked the first time since 2004's FWX that Fates Warning had recorded as a four-piece. Although guitarist Frank Aresti was still a member of Fates Warning at the time of the album's writing and recording sessions, he does not appear in band photos inside the album booklet and is credited only as a guest, for providing guitar solos on two tracks ("From the Rooftops" and "White Flag"); therefore, this is the last Fates Warning album to feature Aresti.
William H. Webster
William Hedgcock Webster (March 6, 1924 – August 8, 2025) was an American attorney and jurist who served as chair of the Homeland Security Advisory Council from 2005 until 2020. He was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri and a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit before serving as director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) from 1978 to 1987 and director of Central Intelligence (CIA) from 1987 to 1991. He is the only person to have held both positions.

Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation
The director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation is the head of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), a United States federal law enforcement agency, and is responsible for its day-to-day operations. The FBI director is appointed for a single 10-year term by the president of the United States and confirmed by the Senate. The FBI is an agency within the Department of Justice (DOJ), and thus the director reports to the attorney general of the United States.

The director briefed the president on any issues that arose from within the FBI until the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 was enacted following the September 11 attacks. Since then, the director reports in an additional capacity to the director of national intelligence, as the FBI is also part of the United States Intelligence Community.

The incumbent FBI director is Kash Patel, who was sworn in on February 21, 2025.
Sri Lanka Standard Time
Sri Lankan Standard Time (SLST) (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ සම්මත වේලාව, romanized: Shri Lankavay Sammatha Velava, Tamil: இலங்கை நியம நேரம், romanized: Ilaṅkai niyama nēram) is the time zone for Sri Lanka. It is 5 hours and 30 minutes ahead of GMT/UTC (UTC+05:30) as observed since 15 April 2006.

Sri Lanka does not currently observe daylight saving time.

UTC+06:30
UTC+06:30 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of +06:30. In ISO 8601 the associated time would be written as 2025-11-07T10:40:55+06:30. It is 6.5 hours ahead of UTC, meaning that when the time in UTC areas is midnight (00:00), the time in UTC+6:30 areas would be 6:30 in the morning.
Kevin Olusola
Kevin Oluwole Olusola, listenⓘ also known as K.O., (born October 5, 1988) is an American singer-songwriter, beatboxer, and cellist. Olusola is best known as the beatboxer of the a cappella group Pentatonix. After the group won NBC's The Sing-Off in 2011, they released eleven albums, which have sold over 2 million records, and have amassed more than two billion views on their YouTube channel.

Olusola has also been identified as developing the art of "celloboxing" (playing cello and beatboxing simultaneously). His celloboxing version of Mark Summer's "Julie-O" went viral in April 2011, which led him to become involved with Pentatonix. Olusola has performed at classical musical festivals such as the Amsterdam Cello Biennale and the Kronberg Academy Festival, opened the TED Conference in Vancouver, and was chosen by Quincy Jones to represent him in concert at the 2012 Montreux Jazz Festival on the same program as Bobby McFerrin and Chick Corea.

Owensboro, Kentucky
Owensboro is a home rule-class city in Daviess County, Kentucky, United States, of which it is also the county seat. It is the fourth-most populous city in the state. Owensboro is located on U.S. Route 60 and Interstate 165 about 107 miles (172 km) southwest of Louisville, and is the principal city of the Owensboro metropolitan area. The 2020 census had its population at 60,183. The metropolitan population was estimated at 116,506. The metropolitan area is the sixth largest in the state as of 2018, and the seventh largest population center in the state when including micropolitan areas.
Bash Hezzab
The Bash Hezzab (Arabic: بَاشْ حَزَّاب) is the senior Hezzab supervising the Hizb Rateb and Salka in mosques and zawiyas in Algeria according to the Algerian Islamic reference under the supervision of the Ministry of Religious Affairs and Endowments.

Juz'
A juzʼ (Arabic: جُزْءْ; pl.: أَجْزَاءْ, ajzāʼ; lit. 'part') is one of thirty parts of varying lengths into which the Quran is divided. It is also known as parah (Persian: پَارَه) in Iran and subsequently the Indian subcontinent. There are 30 ajzāʼ in the Quran, also known as سِپَارَہ – sipārah ("thirty parts"; in Persian si means 30).

During medieval times, when it was too costly for most Muslims to purchase a manuscript, copies of the Qurʼān were kept in mosques and made accessible to people; these copies frequently took the form of a series of thirty parts (juzʼ). Some use these divisions to facilitate recitation of the Qurʼān in a month—such as during the Islamic month of Ramadan, when the entire Qurʼān is recited in the Tarawih prayers, typically at the rate of one juzʼ a night.
1990 Citizen Cup
The 1990 Citizen Cup was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Am Rothenbaum in Hamburg in West Germany that was part of the Tier II category of the 1990 WTA Tour. It was the 13th edition of the tournament and was held from 30 April until 6 May 1990. First-seeded Steffi Graf won the singles title, her fourth consecutive at the event.

1990 WTA Tour
The 1990 WTA Tour (officially titled 1990 Kraft General Foods World Tour after its sponsor) was the elite professional tennis circuit organized by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for the 1990 tennis season. The 1990 WTA Tour calendar comprised the four Grand Slam tournaments, the WTA Tour Championships and the WTA Tier I, Tier II, Tier III, Tier IV and Tier V events. ITF tournaments were not part of the WTA Tour, although they award points for the WTA World Ranking.
Outline of Middle-earth
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the real-world history and notable fictional elements of J. R. R. Tolkien's fantasy universe. It covers materials created by Tolkien; the works on his unpublished manuscripts, by his son Christopher Tolkien; and films, games and other media created by other people.

Middle-earth – fantasy setting created by Tolkien, home to hobbits, orcs, ents, dragons, and many other races and creatures.

The History of The Lord of the Rings
The History of The Lord of the Rings is a four-volume work by Christopher Tolkien published between 1988 and 1992 that documents his father's process of constructing The Lord of the Rings. The History is also numbered as volumes six to nine of The History of Middle-earth ("HoME").
Romeritos
Romeritos is a Mexican dish from Central Mexico, consisting of tender sprigs of seepweed (Suaeda spp.) that are boiled or steamed and sometimes served in a mole poblano flavored with dried shrimp.

Typical additional ingredients include boiled potatoes, nopales, and shrimp—sometimes fritters of dried shrimp with bread slices and in tacos. They are traditionally enjoyed at Christmas and Lent.

The type of seepweed used depends on the region. The plant is known as romerito in Spanish. That name in English means  "little rosemary"; some seepweed species can vaguely resemble such a plant when fresh, but neither the taste nor the fragrance is similar in any way. The dish dates back to the Aztecs.

Nopal
Nopal is a common name in Spanish for Opuntia cacti (commonly referred to in English as prickly pear or tender cactus), as well as for its pads. The name nopal derives from the Nahuatl word nohpalli for the pads of the plant.

Nopal fruits can be eaten raw or cooked, having numerous uses particularly in Mexican cuisine.
Fiat Punto
The Fiat Punto is a supermini car (B-segment) produced by the Italian manufacturer Fiat from 1993 to 2018, spanning over three generations. The third generation of the car was marketed between 2005 and 2009 as the Grande Punto, and between 2009 and 2012 as the Punto Evo, until the single-word Punto name was reintroduced. As of May 2013, nearly nine million units had been sold globally.

Production of the first generation Punto was 3.43 million units, second generation 2.96 million units, and third generation 2.67 million units.

Petrol engine
A petrol engine (gasoline engine in American and Canadian English) is an internal combustion engine that runs on petrol (gasoline). Petrol engines can often be adapted to also run on fuels such as liquefied petroleum gas and ethanol blends (such as E10 and E85). They may be designed to run on petrol with a higher octane rating, as sold at petrol stations.

Most petrol engines use spark ignition, unlike diesel engines which run on diesel fuel and typically use compression ignition. Another key difference to diesel engines is that petrol engines typically have a lower compression ratio.
1873 Wisconsin gubernatorial election
The 1873 Wisconsin gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1873. Democratic Party candidate William Robert Taylor was elected with 55% of the vote, defeating incumbent Republican governor Cadwallader C. Washburn.

Taylor was the first Democrat elected Governor of Wisconsin since William A. Barstow in 1853. He was nominated as the consensus candidate of the "Reform Party,"—a coalition of Democrats, Liberal Republicans, and Grangers, on a platform of political and economy reform.

Jackson County, Wisconsin
Jackson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 21,145. Its county seat is Black River Falls. Jackson County was formed from Crawford County in 1853. It was named for President Andrew Jackson.
Modeling and simulation of batch distillation unit
Aspen Plus, Aspen HYSYS, ChemCad and MATLAB, PRO are the commonly used process simulators for modeling, simulation and optimization of a distillation process in the chemical industries. Distillation is the technique of preferential separation of the more volatile components from the less volatile ones in a feed followed by condensation. The vapor produced is richer in the more volatile components. The distribution of the component in the two phase is governed by the vapour-liquid equilibrium relationship. In practice, distillation may be carried out by either two principal methods. The first method is based on the production of vapor boiling the liquid mixture to be separated and condensing the vapors without allowing any liquid to return to the still. There is no reflux. The second method is based on the return of part of the condensate to still under such conditions that this returning liquid is brought into intimate contact with the vapors on their way to condenser.

Reflux
Reflux is a technique involving the condensation of vapors and the return of this condensate to the system from which it originated. It is used in industrial and laboratory distillations. It is also used in chemistry to supply energy to reactions over a long period of time.
Execution of Nimr al-Nimr
Nimr Baqir al-Nimr was a Shia cleric and critic of the government in Saudi Arabia, who was beheaded on 2 January 2016, one of 47 people executed that day for terrorism offenses. Others executed included Sunnis who had been convicted of involvement in terror attacks linked to al-Qaeda which took place in 2003. News of the killings triggered international demonstrations, and condemnation by nations, supranational organizations, and human rights groups.

Right to a fair trial
A fair trial is a trial which is "conducted fairly, justly, and with procedural regularity by an impartial judge". Various rights associated with a fair trial are explicitly proclaimed in Article 10 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution, Magna Carta upon which the prior amendments are based, and Article 6 of the European Convention of Human Rights, in addition to numerous other constitutions and declarations throughout the world. There is no binding international law that defines what is not a fair trial; for example, the right to a jury trial and other important procedures vary from nation to nation.
Musk Foundation
The Musk Foundation is a United States–based charitable foundation funded and directed primarily by Elon Musk. The foundation is dedicated to promoting renewable energy, crewed space exploration, pediatrics, science and engineering education, and the "development of safe artificial intelligence for the benefit of humanity".

At the end of 2024, the Musk Foundation had over $14 billion in assets. Since 2020, donations have largely been sent to organizations affiliated with Musk and his businesses.

Astra Nova School
Astra Nova School, successor to Ad Astra, is a nonprofit online school founded by Elon Musk and Joshua Dahn on the campus of SpaceX. The Washington Post said it was possibly "the most exclusive school in the world".
Baris (ship)
A baris (Ancient Egyptian: 𓃀𓅡𓄿𓏭𓂋𓏤𓊛, romanized: bꜣjr; Ancient Greek: βᾶρις) is a type of Ancient Egyptian ship, whose unique method of construction was described by Herodotus, writing in about 450 BC. Archeologists and historians could find no corroboration of his description until the discovery of the remains of such a ship in the waters around Thonis-Heracleion in Aboukir Bay in 2003.

The ship, known as Ship 17, the first of 63 ships found in Thonis-Heraclion, measures up to 28 metres (91 feet 10 inches) in length. They were constructed using an unusual technique to join thick wooden planks together, and had a distinctive steering mechanism with an axial rudder passing through the keel of the hull. The underwater archaeological work was carried out by Franck Goddio and the European Institute for Underwater Archaeology, and the findings are being published in a book by Alexander Belov for the Oxford Centre for Maritime Archaeology.

Ancient Egyptian technology
Ancient Egyptian technology describes devices and technologies invented or used in ancient Egypt. The Egyptians invented and used many simple machines, such as the ramp and the lever, to aid construction processes. They used rope trusses to stiffen the beam of ships. Egyptian paper, made from papyrus, and pottery were mass-produced and exported throughout the Mediterranean Basin. The wheel was used for a number of purposes, but chariots only came into use after the Second Intermediate Period. The Egyptians also played an important role in developing Mediterranean maritime technology including ships and lighthouses.
Darryl Talley
Darryl Victor Talley (born July 10, 1960) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL) for 14 seasons during the 1980s and 1990s.  He played college football for West Virginia University, and was recognized as an All-American.  Talley played professionally for the Buffalo Bills, Atlanta Falcons and Minnesota Vikings of the NFL, and played in four Super Bowls with the Bills.

Ralph Wilson Stadium
Ralph Wilson Stadium (colloquially known as The Ralph) is a defunct stadium in Orchard Park, New York, in the Southtowns of the Buffalo metropolitan area. It served as the home venue of the Buffalo Bills of the National Football League (NFL) from 1973 to 2025. The stadium opened in 1973 as Rich Stadium and remained that until 1998. It was known as Ralph Wilson Stadium from 1998 to 2015, New Era Field from 2016 to 2019, Bills Stadium in 2020, and Highmark Stadium from 2021 until its closure following the 2025 season. The stadium is set to be demolished in March 2027 following the construction and opening of its replacement, (New) Highmark Stadium.
Manjung Municipal Council Stadium
The Manjung Municipal Council Stadium (Malay: Stadium Majlis Perbandaran Manjung) or Manjung Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Seri Manjung, Manjung District, Perak, Malaysia. The stadium was the home of Perak II, as well as Manjung City F.C.

Seri Manjung
Seri Manjung is a town and the district capital of the Manjung District in Perak, Malaysia. The town was developed by State Government of Perak under Perbadanan Kemajuan Negeri Perak in the 1980s. It is located 7 km from Lumut and 70 km from the state capital, Ipoh. In the adjacent area, north of Seri Manjung is Sitiawan.
Fischeripollis
Fischeripollis is a genus of extinct plants in the family Droseraceae. Several species have been formally described and another has been temporarily designated Fischeripollis sp. A.

F. halensis was described based on fossilised pollen from sediments in the Hale Basin of central Australia, dated to the middle-late Eocene (48 to 34 million years ago). F. krutschei was discovered in Saxony, Germany. F. undulatus was also native to Europe.

Droseraceae
Droseraceae is a family of carnivorous flowering plants, also known as the sundew family. It consists of approximately 180 species in three extant genera, the vast majority being in the sundew genus Drosera. The family also contains the well-known Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula) and the more obscure waterwheel plant (Aldrovanda vesiculosa), both of which are the only living species of their respective genera.  Representatives of the Droseraceae are found on all continents except Antarctica.
Shigga Shay
Pek Jin Shen (born 12 September 1992), better known by his stage name Shigga Shay (stylised as ShiGGa Shay—the capitalised "GG" representing "Grizzle Grind"), is a Singaporean hip hop artist, songwriter, director and music producer. ShiGGa Shay was recognised as the "Unsigned Talent of The Week" by WorldStarHipHop at 17 and secured multiple #1 singles on the iTunes Singapore Charts. Furthermore, he was invited to perform at the White House Afterparty for the State Dinner in Washington, DC.

In 2023, Shay became the first Singaporean and the first artist to perform a song in both Mandarin and Hokkien on COLORSxSTUDIOS. In the same year, he was invited to perform as a special guest on "The Rap Of China", alongside rapper E.SO, making him the first Southeast Asian to be invited on the show.

Shay is also a founding member of hip hop group Grizzle Grind Crew, as well as production company Grizzle Films.

Jack Neo
Jack Neo Chee Keong PBM is a Singaporean filmmaker, comedian and actor who was a full-time Mediacorp artiste from 1983 to 2003. In the 1990s and early 2000s, he was best known for his cross-dressing roles, as "Liang Po Po" (literally: "Granny Liang") and "Liang Xi Mei" (a woman homemaker in her 40s) in the long-running television comedy show Comedy Nite.

Since his debut as a feature film director, Neo has been one of the most commercially successful local directors who has also met with some success in Malaysia and Taiwan. He has shown a penchant for franchise series films. His most critically acclaimed film is I Not Stupid, which satirizes Singapore's streaming educational system in 2002. Critics have commented that his films had too much product placement which he justified by stating the expensive cost of making movies in Singapore.