hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Greg Urwin
Gregory Lawrence Urwin PSM CSI (August 1946 – 9 August 2008) was an Australian career diplomat and top Pacific specialist. Urwin held the post of Secretary General of the Pacific Islands Forum, an important inter-governmental regional organisation from 2004 until 2 May 2008. Urwin had been the longest serving Australian diplomat in the Pacific at the time of his death in 2008. Urwin was also the first non-Pacific Islander to become Secretary General of the Pacific Islands Forum.

During his tenure as a diplomat and Secretary General of the Pacific Islands Forum, Urwin was considered to be instrumental in the rebuilding of failed states and promotion of political stability in the region - especially with the RAMSI mission in the Solomon Islands.

Prime Minister of Solomon Islands
The prime minister of Solomon Islands is Solomon Islands' head of government, as elected by the National Parliament. Jeremiah Manele has served as the Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands since May 2024.

Solomon Islands is a Commonwealth realm; the functions of the head of state are performed on behalf of the monarch of Solomon Islands by the governor-general of Solomon Islands, who is nominated by Parliament.

The prime minister's official residence is Red House in Honiara.
Maloth, Kasaragod
Maloth, also known as Malom, is a hilly village in Kasaragod district of the Indian state of Kerala.

It is situated in the Western Ghats in the Balal Panchayath of Kasaragod district of Kerala. It is a part of the Kasaragod parliament constituency and the Kanhangad assembly constituency (earlier it was in the Hosdurg assembly constituency before the delimitation of assembly constituencies in 2011).

It shares borders with the Karnataka forest. The nearest towns are Kanhangad, Cherupuzha, and Nileshwaram. One can reach Maloth through bus from Kanhangad or from Cherupuzha. Private as well as Kerala State Road Transport Corporation buses  plying between Kanhangad and Konnakkad pass through the village.

Off-road vehicle
An off-road vehicle (ORV), also known as an off-highway vehicle (OHV), overland vehicle or adventure vehicle, is a type of transportation specifically engineered to navigate unpaved roads and surfaces. These include trails, forest roads, and other low-traction terrains. Off-road vehicles are widely used in various contexts, from recreational activities to practical applications like agriculture and construction. Events such as the annual Dakar Rally, which spans multiple countries and challenges participants with diverse and extreme terrains, have brought significant attention to these vehicles.
Fairness measure
Fairness measures or metrics are used in network engineering to determine whether users or applications are receiving a fair share of system resources. There are several mathematical and conceptual definitions of fairness.

Coefficient of variation
In probability theory and statistics, the coefficient of variation (CV), also known as normalized root-mean-square deviation (NRMSD), percent RMS, and relative standard deviation (RSD), is a standardized measure of dispersion of a probability distribution or frequency distribution. It is defined as the ratio of the standard deviation  to the mean  (or its absolute value, ), and often expressed as a percentage ("%RSD").

The CV or RSD is widely used in analytical chemistry to express the precision and repeatability of an assay. It is also commonly used in fields such as engineering or physics when doing quality assurance studies and ANOVA gauge R&R, by economists and investors in economic models, in epidemiology, and in psychology/neuroscience.
Mills-Screven Plantation
Mills-Screven Plantation, also known as Hilltop, is a historic plantation house located near Tryon, Polk County, North Carolina.  The main house was built about 1820 and later expanded into the 1840s, and is a long two-story, seven-bay, Federal / Greek Revival style frame dwelling.  It features a two-tier, three-bay, pedimented Ionic order portico.  Also on the property are the contributing stone springhouse, guesthouse part of which is said to have been a slave cabin, double pen log crib, and a larger 20th century frame barn.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

The original owners were slaveholders ohn McIntire and Govan Mills (1805-1862).

Tryon, North Carolina
Tryon is a town in Polk County, on the southwestern border of North Carolina, United States.  As of the 2020 census, the city population was 1,562. Located in the escarpment of the Blue Ridge Mountains, today the area is affluent and a center for outdoor pursuits, equestrian activity, and fine arts.

Tryon Peak and the Town of Tryon are named for William Tryon, Governor of North Carolina from 1765 to 1771. He was honored for his negotiation with the Cherokee for a treaty during a period of conflict following the French and Indian War.
Principality of Pavia
The Principality of Pavia (Lombard: Principaa de Pavia, Italian: Principato di Pavia) was an historic division of Lombardy and of the Duchy of Milan, which was ranked as a principality as an honor to the reigning House of Milan. It was the predecessor of the present-day Province of Pavia.

Oltrepò Pavese
The Oltrepò Pavese (Italian: [oltreˈpɔ ppaˈveːze, -eːse]; Western Lombard: Ultrepò Paves; lit. 'Pavia's Beyond-Po') is a historical region making up the southern portion of the province of Pavia, in the northwest Italian region of Lombardy. The area is named after its location south of the River Po as considered from the provincial capital Pavia and in general from the rest of Lombardy.
Taxonomy of Banksia integrifolia
The taxonomy of Banksia integrifolia has a long and complex history, the result of confusion caused by the species' great variability, and similarities with some closely related species. The existence of hybrids between B. integrifolia and related species as well as early attempts to classify the species based on dried specimen material have also contributed to the confusion.

The species is divided into three subspecies: B. i. subsp. compar, B. i. subsp. integrifolia, and B. i. subsp. monticola. Recent molecular studies support this division.

Until recently, B. integrifolia's taxonomic placement within the genus was largely settled, with the species placed in Banksia subg. Banksia sect. Banksia ser. Salicinae. DNA analyses have now cast doubt upon this arrangement and the publication of a new arrangement based on phylogenetic considerations has been foreshadowed.

Banksia aquilonia
Banksia aquilonia, commonly known as the northern banksia and jingana, is a tree in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to north Queensland on Australia's northeastern coastline. With an average height of 8 m (26 ft), it has narrow glossy green leaves up to 20 cm (7.9 in) long and 6 to 10 cm (2.4 to 3.9 in)  high pale yellow flower spikes, known as inflorescences, appearing in autumn. As the spikes age, their flowers fall off and they develop up to 50 follicles, each of which contains two seeds.

Alex George described the plant in his 1981 monograph of the genus Banksia as a variety of B. integrifolia, but later reclassified it as a separate species. Genetic studies show it to be related to B. plagiocarpa, B. oblongifolia and B. robur. The species is found in wet sclerophyll forest and rainforest margins on sandy soils. Banksia aquilonia regenerates after bushfire by regrowing from epicormic buds under its bark. It is rarely cultivated.
A308(M) motorway
The A308(M) is a motorway in Berkshire, England.  It is 0.6 miles (0.97 km) long. It forms part of the Maidenhead bypass and runs from the M4 at junction 8/9 to the A308 south of Maidenhead town centre. The A308(M) is generally considered to be Britain's second shortest motorway, after the A635(M) on the Mancunian Way.

Mancunian Way
The Mancunian Way is a two mile long grade separated elevated motorway in Manchester, England. It is officially made up of the A57(M) and A635(M) motorways, although the latter does not appear on road signs for practical reasons.  It is also part of two other roads: the A57 to the west, which runs east–west through Greater Manchester linking the M602 and M67 motorways, and a short section of non-motorway A635 to the east. Part of this non-motorway section collapsed on 14 August 2015 due to a sinkhole.
1991 Dublin Senior Hurling Championship
The 1991 Dublin Senior Hurling Championship was the 104th staging of the Dublin Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Dublin County Board in 1887.

O'Tooles entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final, a replay, was played on 27 October 1991 at Parnell Park in Donnycarney, between Cuala and Craobh Chiaráin, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Cuala won the match by 4–06 to 1–07 to claim their second championship title overall and a first title in two years.

1989 Dublin Senior Hurling Championship
The 1989 Dublin Senior Hurling Championship was the 102nd staging of the Dublin Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Dublin County Board in 1887.

St Vincent's entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 10 September 1989 at Parnell Park in Donnycarney, between Cuala and St Vincent's, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Cuala won the match by 2–08 to 1–05 to claim their first ever championship title.
2018 Women's Hockey World Cup
The 2018 Women's Hockey World Cup was the 14th edition of the  Women's Hockey World Cup, a field hockey tournament. It was held from 21 July to 5 August 2018 at the Lee Valley Hockey and Tennis Centre in London, England.

Defending champions the Netherlands won the tournament for an eighth time after defeating Ireland 6–0 in the final, who claimed their first World Cup medal. Spain won the third place match by defeating Australia 3–1 to claim their first World Cup medal as well.

2014 Women's Hockey World Cup
The 2014 Women's Hockey World Cup was the 13th edition of the Women's Hockey World Cup field hockey tournament. It was held from 31 May to 14 June 2014 at the Kyocera Stadion in The Hague, Netherlands. simultaneously with the men's tournament. It was the third time that the Netherlands hosted the Women's World Cup after 1986 and 1998.

The Netherlands won the tournament for a seventh time after defeating Australia 2–0 in the final. Defending champions Argentina won the third place match by defeating the United States 2–1.
Joseph Tanney
Joseph Tanney (born March 23, 1961) is an American architect based in New York City. He is known for his work in prefabricated housing. He gained international attention with the Dwell Home, the winner of a 2003 international competition, which is considered a modern prefab icon.

Tanney is the principal and cofounder of Resolution: 4 Architecture, a New York firm known for its high-design modular architecture. He is the recipient of several AIA awards.

Peter Eisenman
Peter David Eisenman (born August 11, 1932) is an American architect. Considered one of the New York Five, Eisenman is known for his high modernist and deconstructive designs, as well as for his authorship of several architectural books. His work has won him several awards, including the Wolf Prize in Arts.
Katzenstein Castle
Katzenstein Castle is one of the oldest remaining Hohenstaufen castles in Germany. It is located in a borough that shares its name with the castle in the Dischingen municipality of the Heidenheim district of Baden-Württemberg. The castle is open to visitors and contains several dining rooms as well as hotel rooms.

County of Oettingen
The House of Oettingen was a high-ranking noble Franconian and Swabian family. It ruled various estates that composed the County of Oettingen between the 12th century and the beginning of the 19th century. In 1674 the house was raised to the rank of prince for the first time. Despite the annexation of their lands following the German mediatisation of 1806, the family retained their titles and still have representatives today.
K-11 (Kansas highway)
K-11 is a 16.662-mile-long (26.815 km) state highway in the U.S. state of Kansas, and uses parts of what was formerly K-14 before K-14 was realigned. K-11's southern terminus is at U.S. Route 54 (US-54) and US-400 west of Kingman, and the northern terminus is at K-61 west of Arlington.

U.S. Route 400
U.S. Route 400 (US 400) is a 481.306-mile-long (774.587 km) mostly east–west U.S. Highway, commissioned in 1994. The highway's western terminus is in Granada, Colorado, at an intersection with US 385. The highway's eastern terminus is southwest of Joplin, Missouri, near Loma Linda, at an interchange with Interstate 44, with which it shares with US 166. It originally ended in Garden City, Kansas; in 1996 it was extended to its current western terminus.
Itayakalan railway station
Itayakalan railway station is a railway station of Bhopal–Nagpur section under Bhopal railway division of West Central Railway zone of Indian Railways. The station is situated at Mandideep, Simrai, Itayakalan in Raisen district of Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.

Bhopal railway division
Bhopal railway division is one of the three railway divisions falling under West Central Railway zone (WCR) of Indian Railways. This railway division was formed on 1 April 1952 and its headquarters are located at Rani Kamalapati railway station, Bhopal in the state of Madhya Pradesh of India.

Jabalpur railway division and Kota railway division being the other two. West Central Railway zone's headquarters are at Jabalpur.
2024 Championnats Banque Nationale de Granby
The 2024 Championnats Banque Nationale de Granby was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the twenty-ninth (men) and twelfth (women) editions of the tournament, which were part of the 2024 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2024 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. It took place in Granby, Quebec, between 15 and 21 July 2024.

2024 ATP Challenger Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour in 2024 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2024 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 207 tournaments with prize money ranging from $41,000 up to $225,500. It was the 47th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle and 16th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Woolgarlo
Woolgarlo is a locality on the foreshores of the Yass River arm of Lake Burrinjuck, in the far eastern part of the Riverina in the Yass Valley Shire of New South Wales, Australia. At the 2016 census, it had a population of 26.

Yass Valley Council
Yass Valley Council is a local government area in the Southern Tablelands region of New South Wales, Australia. The area is located adjacent to the Hume and Barton Highways and the Main Southern railway line.

The Shire includes the towns, and extensive rural and residential areas of:

It also includes the localities of:

The Yass Shire was proclaimed on 1 January 1980 following the amalgamation of Goodradigbee Shire and the Municipality of Yass. Yass Shire in turn was dissolved and merged into the Yass Valley Council on 11 February 2004, following a further amalgamation of Yass Shire and parts of Gunning and Yarrowlumla Shires.

The mayor of Yass Valley Council is Cr. Allan McGrath.
Transferable utility
Transferable utility is a concept in cooperative game theory and in economics. Utility is transferable if one player can losslessly transfer part of its utility to another player. Such transfers are possible if the players have a common currency that is valued equally by all. Note that being able to transfer cash payoffs does not imply that utility is transferable: wealthy and poor players may derive a different utility from the same amount of money.

Transferable utility is assumed in many cooperative games, where the payoffs are not given for individual players, but only for coalitions. In this case the assumption implies that irrespective of the division of the coalitional payoff, members of the coalition enjoy the same total utility.

Cooperative game theory
In game theory, a cooperative or coalitional game is a game with groups of players who form binding "coalitions" with external enforcement of cooperative behavior (e.g. through contract law). This is different from non-cooperative games in which there is either no possibility to forge alliances or all agreements need to be self-enforcing (e.g. through credible threats).

Cooperative games are analysed by focusing on coalitions that can be formed, and the joint actions that groups can take and the resulting collective payoffs.
Singing Valentines
Singing Valentines is the name for a fundraising program that is popular with barbershop choruses in the U.S., Canada and Australia.
The delivery of Singing Valentines is usually done by a barbershop quartet from a chapter affiliated with the three major International barbershop societies:

Barbershop Harmony Society

Sweet Adelines International

Harmony, Incorporated

This is not a variation on the singing telegram since the message is not dictated by the sender.
Rather, quartets usually deliver a canned package of one or two barbershop songs with a personalized card and either roses or chocolates.

Sweet Adelines International
Sweet Adelines International is a worldwide organization of women singers, established in 1945, committed to advancing the musical art form of barbershop harmony through education and performances. This independent, nonprofit music education association is one of the world's largest singing organizations for women.  "Harmonize the World" is the organization's motto. It has a current membership of 23,000 and holds an annual international singing competition.
Lepiota atrodisca
Lepiota atrodisca, commonly known as the dusky parasol, is a species of mushroom in the genus Lepiota. It is found in North America, South America, and India. Its edibility is unknown, but similar species are known to be deadly toxic.

Lepiota
Lepiota is a genus of gilled mushrooms in the family Agaricaceae. All Lepiota species are ground-dwelling saprotrophs with a preference for rich, calcareous soils. Basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are agaricoid with whitish spores, typically with scaly caps and a ring on the stipe. Around 400 species of Lepiota are currently recognized worldwide. Many species are poisonous, some lethally so.
Western Himalayas
The Western Himalayas are the western half of the Himalayas, in  northwestern India and northern Pakistan. Four of the five tributaries of the Indus River in Punjab (Beas, Chenab, Jhelum, and Ravi) rise in the Western Himalayas; while the fifth, the Sutlej cuts through the range after rising in Tibet Autonomous Region of China

Included within the Western Himalayas are the Zanskar Range, the Pir Panjal Range, and the Dhauladhar Range, and western parts of the Sivalik Range and the Great Himalayas. The highest point is Nanga Parbat (26,660 feet or 8,126 metres), at the northwestern end of the region. It is part of the Himalayan biodiversity hotspot.

Climate in high altitudes of the Western Himalayas is poorly known due to the difficulties in maintaining observational networks. A historical name for a substantial proportion of the Western Himalayan range was the Punjab Hills.

Zanskar Range
The Zanskar Range is a mountain range in the union territory of Ladakh that separates the Zanskar valley from Indus valley at Leh. The range lies between and runs parallel to the Great Himalayas to the southwest and the Ladakh Range to the northeast.  Geologically, the Zanskar Range is part of the Tethys Himalaya. There are a number of peaks higher than 6,500 m (21,300 ft). Its eastern part is known as Rupshu.
Causes of the Great Recession
Many factors directly and indirectly serve as the causes of the Great Recession that started in 2008 with the US subprime mortgage crisis. The major causes of the initial subprime mortgage crisis and the following recession include lax lending standards contributing to the real-estate bubbles that have since burst; U.S. government housing policies; and limited regulation of non-depository financial institutions. Once the recession began, various responses were attempted with different degrees of success. These included fiscal policies of governments; monetary policies of central banks; measures designed to help indebted consumers refinance their mortgage debt; and inconsistent approaches used by nations to bail out troubled banking industries and private bondholders, assuming private debt burdens or socializing losses.

David X. Li
David X. Li (Chinese: 李祥林; pinyin: Lǐ Xiánglín born Nanjing, China in the 1960s) is a Chinese-born Canadian quantitative analyst and actuary who pioneered the use of Gaussian copula models for the pricing of collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) in the early 2000s.  The Financial Times has called him "the world's most influential actuary", while after the 2008 financial crisis, to which Li's model has been partly credited to blame, his model has been called a "recipe for disaster" in the hands of those who did not fully understand his research and misapplied it. Widespread application of simplified Gaussian copula models to financial products such as securities may have contributed to the 2008 financial crisis. David Li is currently an adjunct professor at the University of Waterloo in the Statistics and Actuarial Sciences department.
Antonio Amaya
Antonio Amaya Carazo (Spanish pronunciation: [anˈtonjo aˈmaʝa kaˈɾaθo]; born 31 May 1983) is a Spanish former footballer who played as a central defender.

He spent most of his professional career with Rayo Vallecano, making 254 appearances across three spells in all of the top three divisions.

2007–08 Segunda División B
The Segunda División B 2007–08 season was the 31st since its establishment. The first matches of the season were played on 25 August 2007, and the season ended on 15 June 2008 with the promotion play-off finals.
John Hedgecoe
John Hedgecoe (24 March 1932 – 3 June 2010) was a British photographer and author of over 30 books on photography. He established the photography department in 1965 at the Royal College of Art, where he was Professor from 1975 to 1994 and Professor Emeritus until his death. He was also Pro-Rector of the college from 1981 to 1994. His photographs appear in permanent collections at the New York Museum of Modern Art and London's National Portrait Gallery.

Dorling Kindersley
Dorling Kindersley Limited (branded as DK) is a British multinational publishing company specialising in illustrated reference books for adults and children in 63 languages. 
It is part of Penguin Random House, a subsidiary of German media conglomerate Bertelsmann.
Established in 1974, DK publishes a range of titles in genres including travel (including DK Eyewitness Travel), history, geography, science, space, nature, sports, gardening, cookery, parenting and many others. DK has offices in New York, Melbourne, London, Munich, New Delhi, Toronto, Madrid, Beijing, and Jiangmen.
DK works with licensing partners such as Disney, LEGO, DC Comics, the Royal Horticultural Society, MasterChef, and the Smithsonian Institution. 
DK has commissioned authors such as Mary Berry, Monty Don, Robert Winston, Huw Richards, and Steve Mould for a range of books.