hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Old Town Alexandria
Old Town Alexandria is one of the original settlements of the city of Alexandria, Virginia, and is located about 8 miles from the United States Capitol.  It lies across the Potomac River from Washington, D.C., of which it used to make up the far southern part. It was the oldest district of D.C. until it was ceded back to Virginia in 1846. Old Town is situated in the eastern and southeastern area of Alexandria along the Potomac River and is laid out on a grid plan of substantially square blocks.

George Washington Masonic National Memorial
The George Washington Masonic National Memorial is a Masonic building and memorial located in Alexandria, Virginia, outside Washington, D.C.  It is dedicated to the memory of George Washington, first president of the United States and charter Master of Alexandria Lodge No. 22 (now Alexandria-Washington Lodge, No. 22). The tower is fashioned after the ancient Lighthouse of Ostia in Ostia Antica (or Rome). The 333-foot-tall (101 m) memorial sits atop Shooter's Hill (also known as Shuter's Hill) at 101 Callahan Drive. Construction began in 1922, the building was dedicated in 1932, and the interior finally completed in 1970. In July 2015, it was designated a National Historic Landmark for its architecture, and as one of the largest-scale private memorials to honor Washington.

The memorial is served by the King Street–Old Town Metro station on the Blue and Yellow Lines of the Washington Metro. The station is located about four blocks from the memorial.
Parabellum MG 14
The Parabellum MG 14 was a 7.92 mm caliber World War I machine gun built by Deutsche Waffen und Munitionsfabriken. It was a redesign of the Maschinengewehr 08 machine gun (itself an adaptation of the Maxim gun) system intended for use on aircraft and zeppelins.

Maxim gun
The Maxim gun is a recoil-operated machine gun invented in 1884 by Hiram Stevens Maxim. It was the first fully automatic machine gun in the world.

The Maxim gun has been called "the weapon most associated with imperial conquest" by historian Martin Gilbert, and was heavily used by colonial powers during the "Scramble for Africa". Afterwards, Maxim guns also saw extensive usage by different armies during the Russo-Japanese War, the First and Second World Wars, as well as in contemporary conflicts.

The Maxim gun was greatly influential in the development of machine guns, and it has multiple variants and derivatives, such as the Vickers, PM M1910 and MG 08. Some are still in service to the present-day, such as in the Russo-Ukrainian War.
2018 J&T Banka Prague Open
The 2018 J&T Banka Prague Open was a professional tennis tournaments played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 9th edition of the tournament, and part of the International category of the 2018 WTA Tour. It took place at the TK Sparta Prague in Prague, Czech Republic, from 30 April to 5 May 2018.

WTA Prague Open
The Prague Open (currently branded as the Livesport Prague Open for sponsorship reasons) is a professional women's tennis tournament that is held in Prague, Czech Republic. It began in 2010, initially as an ITF Circuit $50,000 event upgraded to $100,000. It became a WTA International tournament in 2015, and the prize money increased to $250,000.

The tournament is played on outdoor hardcourts, at the TK Sparta Prague. The tournament was held on outdoor clay courts., before 2021.

Lucie Šafářová in singles, and Lucie Hradecká in doubles, are  the record holders of the tournament, with three titles for each one.
Death of an Expert Witness
Death of an Expert Witness is a detective novel by English writer P. D. James, the sixth of her Adam Dalgliesh series. It was published in 1977 in the UK by Faber and Faber, and in the US by Charles Scribner's Sons. Set in the Fens, it follows the investigation of the murder of a senior scientist at a police laboratory where his colleagues are too experienced to have left clues.

Adam Dalgliesh
Adam Dalgliesh (/ˈdælɡliːʃ/ DAL-gleesh) is a fictional character who is the protagonist of fourteen mystery novels by P. D. James, the first being James's 1962 novel Cover Her Face. He also appears in the two novels featuring James's other detective, Cordelia Gray.
Pavlo Chabanov
Pavlo Chabanov (born July 2, 1986) is a Ukrainian motorsport athlete, IT entrepreneur, developer, startupper, investor, and philanthropist. He is an FIA-accredited circuit and drift driver, owner of the Huragan racing team, and co-founder of the humanitarian foundation Huragan Heals.

Chabanov is best known for being the first Ukrainian professional racing driver to represent the country in the TCR class at the FIA Motorsport Games in 2022, held in Marseille. He also founded Huragan, Ukraine's first racing team, which took part in the Formula Drift Pro Championship in 2023.

Pavlo is the founder of the blockchain network Gliesereum and the CEO of the IT company Gliesereum Ukraine. He specializes in cybersecurity, neural networks, and big data.

Cryptocurrency exchange
A cryptocurrency exchange, or a digital currency exchange (DCE), is a business that allows customers to trade cryptocurrencies or digital currencies for other assets, such as conventional fiat money or other digital currencies. Exchanges may accept credit card payments, wire transfers or other forms of payment in exchange for digital currencies or cryptocurrencies. A cryptocurrency exchange can be a market maker that typically takes the bid–ask spreads as a transaction commission for its service or, as a matching platform, simply charges fees.

Some brokerages which also focus on other assets such as stocks, let users purchase but not withdraw cryptocurrencies to cryptocurrency wallets while dedicated cryptocurrency exchanges do allow cryptocurrency withdrawals.
2007 USA Cycling Professional Tour
The 2007 USA Cycling Professional Tour is the inaugural year of a professional road bicycle racing series organized by USA Cycling.

Levi Leipheimer and the Discovery Channel team won the overall individual and team titles respectively. Leipheimer finished the season with 381 points over teammate George Hincapie, Germany's Bernhard Eisel, Juan José Haedo of Argentina and Slovenia's Janez Brajkovič. The now-defunct Discovery Channel team earned the team title with 810 points over Team CSC, Slipstream–Chipotle, T-Mobile Team and Navigators Insurance.

USA Cycling
USA Cycling or USAC, based in Colorado Springs, Colorado, is the national governing body for bicycle racing in the United States. It covers the disciplines of road, track, mountain bike, cyclo-cross, and BMX across all ages and ability levels. In 2015, USAC had a membership of 61,631 individual members.

USA Cycling is associated with the UCI or, Union Cycliste Internationale, which governs international cycling, and the United States Olympic Committee (USOC). The organization is also a member of the continental body Confederacion Panamericana de Ciclismo (COPACI). USA Cycling also organizes the USA Cycling Pro Road Tour, the top road cycling series for men and women in the United States.
Calcethorpe with Kelstern
Calcethorpe with Kelstern is a civil parish in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated west from the market town of Louth, and in the Lincolnshire Wolds, an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

The parish includes the hamlets of Calcethorpe to the south of Kelstern, and Lambcroft to the north. The Kelstern with Calcethorpe parish is now incorporated into the larger grouping of the Binbrook Group of Parishes.

Calcethorpe church was dedicated to Saint Faith but had disappeared by about 1450.

Kelstern Grade II listed parish church is also dedicated to St Faith and is Early English in origin, but was restored in 1886.

East Lindsey
East Lindsey is a local government district in Lincolnshire, England. Its council is based in Horncastle and the largest town is Skegness. Other towns include Alford, Burgh le Marsh, Coningsby, Louth, Mablethorpe, Spilsby, Sutton on Sea, Wainfleet All Saints, Wragby and Woodhall Spa. The district also covers a large rural area, including many smaller settlements.

The district lies on the east coast, bordering the North Sea. The north-west of the district includes part of the Lincolnshire Wolds, a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The neighbouring districts are Boston, North Kesteven, West Lindsey and North East Lincolnshire.
EDIM technology
Epitope Detection in Monocytes (EDIM) is a technology that uses the innate immune system's mechanisms to detect biomarkers or antigens in immune cells. It is a non-invasive form of liquid biopsy, i.e. biopsy from blood, which analyzes activated macrophages (CD14+/CD16+) for disease-specific epitopes, such as tumor cell components.

Macrophages are part of the human immune system. They are involved in the detection, phagocytosis and destruction of organisms which are deemed harmful.

In case of cancerous tumors, macrophages ingest tumor cells and dissolve them with the help of enzymes, storing tumor proteins intracellularly, even when little tumor mass is present. With the help of EDIM technologie, activated macrophages containing intracellular tumor epitopes can be detected using CD14 and CD16 specific antibodies.

Biomarker
In biomedical contexts, a biomarker, or biological marker, is a measurable indicator of some biological state or condition. Biomarkers are often measured and evaluated using blood, urine, or soft tissues to examine normal biological processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacologic responses to a therapeutic intervention. Biomarkers are used in many scientific fields.
Kittikun Sriutthawong
Kittikun Sriutthawong (Thai: กิตติคุณ ศรีอุทธวงศ์;  RTGS: Kittikhun Si-utthawong, born 3 August 1986) is a former member of the Thailand men's national volleyball team. He is currently manager of the club Diamond Food Volleyball Club.

2015 Men's Volleyball Thai-Denmark Super League
2015 Men's Volleyball Thai-Denmark Super League (Thai: วอลเลย์บอลชายไทยเดนมาร์คซูเปอร์ลีก 2015) was the second edition of the tournament. It was held at the MCC Hall of The Mall Ngamwongwan in Nonthaburi, Thailand from 26 to 30 March 2015.
Vegan studies
Vegan studies or vegan theory is the study of veganism, within the humanities and social sciences, as an identity and ideology, and the exploration of its depiction in literature, the arts, popular culture, and the media. In a narrower use of the term, vegan studies seek to establish veganism as a "mode of thinking and writing" and a "means of critique".

Working within a variety of disciplines, scholars discuss issues such as the commodity status of animals, carnism, veganism and ecofeminism, veganism and race, and the effect of animal farming on climate change. Closely related to critical animal studies, vegan studies can be informed by critical race theory, environmental studies and ecocriticism, feminist theory, postcolonialism, posthumanism, and queer theory, incorporating a range of empirical and non-empirical research methodologies.

The field first began to enter the academy in the 2010s, and in 2015 was proposed as a formal field of study by Laura Wright.

Feminist theory
Feminist theory is the extension of feminism into theoretical, fictional, or philosophical discourse. It aims to understand the nature of gender inequality. It examines women's and men's social roles, experiences, interests, chores, and feminist politics in a variety of fields, such as anthropology and sociology, communication, media studies, psychoanalysis, political theory, home economics, literature, education, and philosophy.

Feminist theory often focuses on analyzing gender inequality. Themes often explored in feminist theory include discrimination, objectification (especially sexual objectification), oppression, patriarchy, stereotyping, art history and contemporary art, and aesthetics.
Jehangir Bader
Jehangir Bader (Urdu: جہانگیر بدر) was a Pakistani politician and member of Senate of Pakistan, he served as Chairperson-Senate Committee on Parliamentary Affairs. Affiliated with Pakistan Peoples Party since its inception, Jehangir Bader started his political career with the then PPP chairman Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto.

He died on Sunday, 14 November 2016 due to cardiac arrest.

Arain
Arain (also known as Raeen) are a large Punjabi agricultural community with a strong political identity and level of organisation. Arain are predominantly Muslims, 99.91% at the time of the 1931 census in Punjab, but a small population of Arain in India also follows Sikhism, Hinduism and Jainism.

At the beginning of the last century, they numbered around 1 million and were mainly rural cultivators and landowners concentrated in four districts: Lahore, Jalandhar, Amritsar and Ambala, all in the British Punjab province. Following the 1947 partition of India, they are now mainly present in the Pakistani provinces of Punjab and Sindh with a small population in parts of Indian Punjab, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand.

A self-conscious community, several meetings were held to establish an organisation to represent the Arain community in the 1890s. Eventually, in 1915, Anjuman Ra’iyan-i-Hind emerged as such a body in Lahore and a national community newspaper, titled Al-Rai, was established.
Phani Gopal Sen Gupta
Phani Gopal Sen Gupta (born 2 February 1905 in Purnea City, date of death 18 August 1991) was an Indian politician who served as a member of 1st Lok Sabha from Purnia (Lok Sabha constituency) in Bihar State, India.

He was elected to 2nd, 3rd and 4th Lok Sabha   from Purnea, Bihar.

He was a leader and Freedom Fighter and was the Secretary of Purnea district Raadhi Kayastha Mahasabha.

2nd Lok Sabha
The Second Lok Sabha (5 April 1957 – 31 March 1962) was elected after the 1957 Indian general election. The 2nd Lok Sabha lasted its full tenure of five years till 1962.

15 sitting members from Rajya Sabha were elected to 2nd Lok Sabha after the Indian general elections, 1957.
It's Not That Deep Tour
The It’s Not That Deep Tour is the upcoming eighth concert tour by the American singer Demi Lovato. Produced by Live Nation Entertainment, she will embark on it in support of her ninth studio album, It's Not That Deep (2025). Consisting of 18 dates, it will commence in Orlando, Florida, on April 13, 2026, and will conclude in Houston, Texas, on May 25. It will mark her first arena tour since the Tell Me You Love Me World Tour in 2018.

Tell Me You Love Me World Tour
The Tell Me You Love Me World Tour was the sixth headlining concert tour and third worldwide tour by American singer Demi Lovato, in support of her sixth studio album Tell Me You Love Me (2017). The tour began on February 26, 2018, in San Diego, California and concluded on July 22, 2018, in Paso Robles, California. It was supported by DJ Khaled, Kehlani and Iggy Azalea in North America and Jax Jones and Joy in Europe. The tour was initially supposed to conclude in November 2018 in Fortaleza, Brazil, but the remainder of the tour was cancelled after Lovato was hospitalized for a drug overdose on July 24, 2018 and entered rehab and treatment thereafter. Comprising 44 dates, the tour grossed $24.1 million and had a total attendance of 481,795.
Seguin Toros
The Seguin Toros were a minor league baseball team based in Seguin, Texas. In 1976, the Toros played in the only season of the 1976 Class A level Gulf States League, advancing to the league finals in their only season of play. Seguin hosted minor league home games at the Fairgrounds Ball Park, now named Smokey Joe Williams Field in honor of Smokey Joe Williams.

Seguin, Texas
Seguin (/sɪˈɡiːn/ sih-GHEEN) is a city in and the county seat of Guadalupe County, Texas, United States. Its population was 29,433 at the 2020 census, and according to 2023 census estimates, the city had a population of 36,013.
Texcoconibacillus
Texcoconibacillus is a genus of bacteria from the family of Bacillaceae with one known species (Texcoconibacillus texcoconensis). Texcoconibacillus texcoconensis has been isolated from the lake Texcoco in Mexico.

Bacillaceae
Bacillaceae, from Latin "bacillus", meaning "little staff, wand", are a family of gram-positive, heterotrophic, rod-shaped bacteria that may produce endospores. Motile members of this family are characterized by peritrichous flagella. Some Bacillaceae are aerobic, while others are facultative or strict anaerobes. Most are not pathogenic, but certain Bacillus species are known to cause disease in humans.
(It's Gonna Be a) Lonely Christmas
"(It's Gonna Be a) Lonely Christmas" is a Christmas song recorded by The Orioles in 1948. It was their second hit (following "It's Too Soon to Know"), reaching position #8 on Billboard's Juke Box charts in December 1948, and #5 the following Christmas.

It's Too Soon to Know
"It's Too Soon to Know" is an American doo-wop ballad by Deborah Chessler (1923–2012), performed first by The Orioles.  It was number one on the American Rhythm and blues charts in November 1948.  It is considered by some to be the first "rock and roll" song, and described by others as "the first rhythm and blues vocal group harmony recording".

"It's Too Soon to Know" should not be confused with "Too Soon to Know", a different composition written by country singer Don Gibson (whose own recording of that song was released in 1958 on Gibson's album, Oh Lonesome Me) and subsequently covered by Roy Orbison, who had a hit single in the UK (and more modest chart success in the US) with the song in 1966.
Second government of Francisco Franco
The second government of Francisco Franco was formed on 9 August 1939, following the end of the Spanish Civil War. It succeeded the first Franco government and was the government of Spain from 9 August 1939 to 20 July 1945, a total of 2,172 days, or 5 years, 11 months and 11 days.

Coming to be known under various labels by the francoist-controlled media (such as the "Government of Peace" or the "Government of Victory"), the cabinet was made up of members from the different factions or "families" within the National Movement: mainly the FET y de las JONS party—the only legal political party during the Francoist regime—the military, the National Catholic Association of Propagandists (ACNP) and a number of aligned-nonpartisan figures from the civil service. The cabinet saw a large number of changes throughout its tenure, with two major cabinet reshuffles taking place in May 1941 and September 1942.

Movimiento Nacional
The Movimiento Nacional (English: National Movement), or simply the Movimiento (English: Movement), was the self-designation of the FET y de las JONS (Falange), the ruling party of Francoist Spain, the bureaucratic structures of the Falange, and in the general sense of the whole Francoist regime. It was an ambigious term which in essence denoted a nominal "body to which one had to adhere" in order to participate in the official politics of the regime. It followed a doctrine of corporatism in which only so-called "natural entities" could express themselves. It was abolished in 1977.
Plumb bob
A plumb bob, plumb bob level, or plummet, is a weight, usually with a pointed tip on the bottom, suspended from a string and used as a vertical direction as a reference line, or plumb-line. It is a precursor to the spirit level and used to establish a vertical datum. It is typically made of stone, wood, or lead, but can also be made of other metals. If it is used for decoration, it may be made of bone or ivory.

The instrument has been used since at least the time of ancient Egypt to ensure that constructions are "plumb", or vertical. It is also used in surveying, to establish the nadir (opposite of zenith) with respect to gravity of a point in space. It is used with a variety of instruments (including levels, theodolites, and steel tapes) to set the instrument exactly over a fixed survey marker or to transcribe positions onto the ground for placing a marker.

Zenith
The zenith (UK: /ˈzɛnɪθ/, US: /ˈziː-/) is the imaginary point on the celestial sphere directly "above" a particular location. "Above" means in the vertical direction (plumb line) opposite to the gravity direction at that location (nadir). The zenith is the "highest" point on the celestial sphere. The direction opposite of the zenith is the nadir.
History of group theory
The history of group theory, a mathematical domain studying groups in their various forms, has evolved in various parallel threads. There are three historical roots of group theory: the theory of algebraic equations, number theory and geometry. Joseph Louis Lagrange, Paolo Ruffini, Niels Henrik Abel and Évariste Galois were early researchers in the field of group theory.

Burnside problem
The Burnside problem asks whether a finitely generated group in which every element has finite order must necessarily be a finite group. It was posed by William Burnside in 1902, making it one of the oldest questions in group theory, and was influential in the development of combinatorial group theory. It is known to have a negative answer in general, as Evgeny Golod and Igor Shafarevich provided a counter-example in 1964. The problem has many refinements and variants that differ in the additional conditions imposed on the orders of the group elements (see bounded and restricted below). Some of these variants are still open questions.
Jan Raa
Jan Raa (born 11 October 1939) is a Norwegian biologist.

Raa was a professor at the University of Tromsø from 1972 to 1988, and has an honorary degree at the same university. After his tenure at the University of Tromsø he was a director at the Directorate of Fisheries Institute of Nutrition, research director at Fiskeriforskning and developer of the company Biotec Pharmacon.

He is a fellow of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters and the Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences. In 2010 he was decorated as a Commander of the Order of St. Olav.

Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences
The Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences (Norwegian: Norges Tekniske Vitenskapsakademi, NTVA) is a learned society based in Trondheim, Norway.

The academy was founded in Trondheim in 1955. the academy has about 290 fellows under the age of 65 and a total of 730 members. King Harald is the academy's high protector, in recognition of the academy's importance to society.

It is a member of the International Council of Academies of Engineering and Technological Sciences (CAETS) and of the European Council of Applied Sciences and Engineering (Euro-CASE).

NTVA is one of four learned societies in Norway. The others are Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters and Agder Vitenskapsakademi.
Dog flea
The dog flea (Ctenocephalides canis) is a species of flea that lives as an ectoparasite on a wide variety of mammals, particularly the domestic dog and cat. It closely resembles the cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis), which can live on a wider range of animals and is generally more prevalent worldwide.

The dog flea is of veterinary importance because it can spread Dipylidium caninum.

Although they feed on the blood of dogs and cats, they sometimes bite humans. They can live without food for several months, but females must have a blood meal before they can produce eggs. They can deliver about 4,000 eggs on the host's fur. The eggs go through four lifecycle stages: embryo, larva, pupa, and imago (adult). This whole life cycle from egg to adult takes from two to three weeks, although this depends on the temperature. It may take longer in cool conditions.

Dipylidium
Dipylidium caninum, also called the flea tapeworm, double-pored tapeworm, or cucumber tapeworm (in reference to the shape of its cucumber-seed-like proglottids, though these also resemble grains of rice or sesame seeds) is a cyclophyllid cestode that infects organisms afflicted with fleas and canine chewing lice, including dogs, cats, and sometimes human pet-owners, especially children.