hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Subprime crisis background information
This article provides background information regarding the subprime mortgage crisis.  It discusses subprime lending, foreclosures, risk types, and mechanisms through which various entities involved were affected by the crisis.

Subprime lending
In finance, subprime lending (also referred to as near-prime, subpar, non-prime, and second-chance lending) is the provision of loans to people in the United States who may have difficulty maintaining the repayment schedule. Historically, subprime borrowers were defined as having FICO scores below 600, although this threshold has varied over time.

These loans are characterized by higher interest rates, poor quality collateral, and less favorable terms in order to compensate for higher credit risk. During the early to mid-2000s, many subprime loans were packaged into mortgage-backed securities (MBS) and ultimately defaulted, contributing to the 2008 financial crisis.
Artin reciprocity
The Artin reciprocity law,  which was established by Emil Artin in a series of papers (1924; 1927; 1930), is a general theorem in number theory that forms a central part of global class field theory. The term "reciprocity law" refers to a long line of more concrete number theoretic statements which it generalized, from the quadratic reciprocity law and the reciprocity laws of Eisenstein and Kummer to Hilbert's product formula for the norm symbol. Artin's result provided a partial solution to Hilbert's ninth problem.

Global field
In mathematics, a global field is one of two types of fields (the other one is local fields) that are characterized using valuations. There are two kinds of global fields:

Algebraic number field: A finite extension of

Global function field: The function field of an irreducible algebraic curve over a finite field, equivalently, a finite extension of , the field of rational functions in one variable over the finite field with  elements.

An axiomatic characterization of these fields via valuation theory was given by Emil Artin and George Whaples in the 1940s.
Rahbeks Allé Brewery
Rahbeks Allé Brewery (Danish:Bryggeriet i Rahbeks Allé) is a former brewery at Rahbeks Allé in Copenhagen, Denmark. The brewery was founded in 1860 and merged with several other breweries under the name De Forenede Bryggerier in 1890. From 1923 it operated under the name Kongens Bryghus and the site was decommissioned when De Forenede Bryggerier was acquired by Carlsberg Group in 1969. The buildings—a group of red brick buildings from 1860-61 by Jens Eckersberg and a tall, round silo from 1857 designed by Tyge Hvass—have been converted into apartments.

Tvedes Bryggeri
Tvedes Bryggeri (Danish: Tvede's Brewery) was a brewery on Vesterbrogade in Copenhagen, Denmark. Founded by Hans Jørgen Tvede in 1852, it became the largest Nordic producer of small beer in the 1880s prior to its merger with several other breweries under the name De Forenede Bryggerier (United Breweries) in 1891. Its buildings were converted into apartments in the 1990s. The two buildings that front the street (No. 140 and 152) are heritage listed.
Paulo Vitor Damo da Rosa
Paulo Vitor Damo da Rosa (born September 29, 1987) is a Brazilian Magic: The Gathering player. In 2011, Paulo Vitor Damo da Rosa became the youngest player to ever reach 300 lifetime Pro Points. He was elected into the Magic: The Gathering Hall of Fame in 2012 as the first player from South America, and has seventeen Pro Tour Top 8 finishes (with three wins among them), which puts him second for the most Pro Tour Top 8s of all time, and in 2020 Da Rosa won the world championship for the 2019 season. Da Rosa is the all-time leader in prize money won playing professional-level Magic.

Magic: The Gathering Pro Tour season 2014–15
The 2014–15 Pro Tour season was the twentieth season of the Magic: The Gathering Pro Tour. It started on 9 August 2014 with Grand Prix Portland and Utrecht and ended on 2 August 2015 with the conclusion of Pro Tour Vancouver. The season consisted of 51 Grand Prix and four Pro Tours, located in Honolulu, Washington, D.C., Brussels, and Vancouver.
Ikegusuku Anki
Ikegusuku Ueekata Anki (池城 親方 安規; 1829 – 30 April 1877), also known by his Chinese style name Mō Yūhi (毛 有斐), was a politician and bureaucrat of Ryukyu Kingdom.

Anki was born to an aristocrat family called Mō-uji Ikegusuku Dunchi (毛氏池城殿内). He was the 15th head of Ikegusuku Dunchi, and his father Ikegusuku Anyū (池城 安邑, also known as Mō Zōkō 毛 増光), was a Sanshikan from 1848 to 1862.

Anki was selected as a member of the Sanshikan in 1873. In 1876, Ryukyu had to break off diplomatic relations with Qing China under the pressure of Imperial Japan. Anki led a mission to Tokyo to complaint with it (Yonabaru Ryōketsu, Kōchi Chōjō, Kyan Chōfu, Uchima Chōchoku and Ishatō Seiei as assistant), but Japanese ignored.

In the year 1877, Anki became seriously ill. He sent Kōchi Chōjō back to Ryukyu, suggested that Ryukyu should seek for China's help. Not long after he died in Tokyo, his body was returned to Shuri.

Ueekata
Ueekata (親方), in the Okinawan language, was the highest rank in the yukatchu aristocracy of the former Ryukyu Kingdom (modern-day Okinawa, Japan), though it was still below the aji nobility. Members of the Council of Three (三司官, Sanshikan), a very high-ranking governmental body, were chosen from among the ueekata.

Ueekata rank was generally obtained as the last step in a progression from shii (子) rank to satonushi (里之子), then to peekumi (親雲上), and finally to ueekata. As with other Ryukyuan aristocratic titles, a member would often be referred to by their title, along with an associated placename. For example, royal government official Tei Dō (1549-1611) is equally well known by the title Jana Ueekata, or "ueekata of Jana," Jana (謝名) being an area (specifically, an azana) within what is today the city of Ginowan, Okinawa.

Holders of ueekata rank wore purple hachimachi headbands, the color being a symbol of rank.
Cyclobutadiene
Cyclobutadiene is an organic compound with the formula C4H4. It is very reactive owing to its tendency to dimerize. Although the parent compound has not been isolated, some substituted derivatives are robust and a single molecule of cyclobutadiene is quite stable. Since the compound degrades by a bimolecular process, the species can be observed by matrix isolation techniques at temperatures below 35 K. It is thought to adopt a rectangular structure.

Alkyne
In organic chemistry, an alkyne is an unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon—carbon triple bond. The simplest acyclic alkynes with only one triple bond and no other functional groups form a homologous series with the general chemical formula  CnH2n−2. Alkynes are traditionally known as acetylenes, although the name acetylene also refers specifically to C2H2, known formally as ethyne using IUPAC nomenclature. Like other hydrocarbons, alkynes are generally hydrophobic.
Prince Olav Mountains
The Prince Olav Mountains (84°57′S 173°00′W﻿ / ﻿84.950°S 173.000°W﻿ / -84.950; -173.000) is a mountain group in the Queen Maud Mountains in Antarctica stretching from Shackleton Glacier to Liv Glacier at the head of the Ross Ice Shelf.

United States Antarctic Program
The United States Antarctic Program (or USAP; formerly known as the United States Antarctic Research Program or USARP and the United States Antarctic Service or USAS) is an organization of the United States government which has a presence in the Antarctica continent. Founded in 1959, the USAP manages all U.S. scientific research and related logistics in Antarctica as well as aboard ships in the Southern Ocean.
Lakshmipur Bhorang railway station
Lakshmipur Bhorang railway station is an Indian railway station on Sahibganj loop line under the Malda railway division of Eastern Railway zone. It is situated beside National Highway 80 at Khidarpur, Lakshmipur Bhorang in Bhagalpur district in the Indian state of Bihar.

Malda railway division
Malda railway division is one of the four railway divisions under the jurisdiction of Eastern Railway zone of the Indian Railways. This railway division was formed in 1975 and its headquarters is located at Malda in West Bengal, India.

Asansol railway division, Sealdah railway division and Howrah railway division are the other railway divisions under the ER Zone headquartered at Kolkata.
Ratnagiri
Ratnagiri (IAST:Ratnāgirī ; [ɾət̪n̪aːɡiɾiː]) is a port city on the Arabian Sea coast in Ratnagiri District in southwestern Maharashtra, India. The district is part of the Konkan division of Maharashtra. The city is known for the Hapus or Alphonso mangoes and is colloquially referred to as the Mango City. Ratnagiri is the birthplace of Indian independence activist Lokmanya Tilak. Thibaw, the last king of Burma, alongside his consort Supayalat and two infant daughters were exiled to a two-storied brick mansion in Ratnagiri. The building is now known as Thibaw Palace.

Ratnagiri–Sindhudurg Lok Sabha constituency
Ratnagiri–Sindhudurg is one of the 48 Lok Sabha (lower house of Indian parliament) constituencies of Maharashtra state in western India. This constituency was created on 19 February 2008 as a part of the implementation of the Presidential notification based on the recommendations of the Delimitation Commission of India constituted on 12 July 2002. It first held elections in 2009 and its first member of parliament (MP) was Nilesh Rane of the Indian National Congress. As of the 2024 elections, its current MP is Narayan Rane of Bharatiya Janata Party
Tampines East MRT station
Tampines East MRT station is an underground Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) station on the Downtown Line in Tampines, Singapore. It is located along Tampines Avenue 7, near the junction with Tampines Avenue 2. This station, like most of the other Downtown Line stations, also serves as a Civil Defence Shelter.

The station serves Tampines North Park, Tampines North, and East residents and nearby schools such as East Spring Secondary School, Ngee Ann Secondary School, and Dunman Secondary School. From January 2024 to December 2027, the station will serve Temasek Junior College in their holding site, located at the now defunct Tampines Junior College Campus.

Tampines Junior College
Tampines Junior College (Abbreviation: TPJC) was a junior college located in Tampines, Singapore, offering a two-year course for pre-university students leading up to the Singapore-Cambridge GCE Advanced Level examination.
Pausa-Mühltroff
Pausa-Mühltroff (German pronunciation: [ˈpaʊza ˈmyːlˌtʁɔf]) is a town in the Vogtlandkreis district in Saxony, Germany, created with effect from 1 January 2013 by the merger of the towns of Pausa and Mühltroff.

Vogtlandkreis
The Vogtlandkreis (German pronunciation: [ˈfoːktlantˌkʁaɪs]) is a Landkreis (rural district) in the southwest of Saxony, Germany, at the borders of Thuringia, Bavaria, and the Czech Republic. Neighbouring districts are (from south clockwise) Hof, Saale-Orla, Greiz, Zwickau, and Erzgebirgskreis. It is the southernmost district in the state.

Plauen is the administrative centre and largest city of the district. Other major cities (Große Kreisstädte) are Reichenbach im Vogtland, Auerbach, and Oelsnitz im Vogtland.
Hormathophylla spinosa
Hormathophylla spinosa, formerly Alyssum spinosum, the spiny madwort, is a species of flowering subshrub in the genus Hormathophylla of the family Brassicaceae, native to open rocky sites in south-eastern France and southern Spain. It forms a compact mound up to 30 cm in height. Dense spiny branches of tiny, toothed grey-green leaves bear racemes of white flowers at the tips in early summer.

It is especially cultivated in rock gardens. The cultivar H spinosa 'Roseum', with pink flowers, has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

'Purpureum'

'Roseum'

Hormathophylla
Hormathophylla is a genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to the western Mediterranean; Morocco, Algeria, Spain, France and Italy. Perennial shrubs, they are adapted to dry, alkaline soils with high levels of magnesium.
Langreo
Langreo (Spanish pronunciation: [laŋˈɡɾeo]) or Llangréu (Asturian pronunciation: [ʎaŋˈɣɾew], locally [ʎaŋˈɣɾeo]) (Asturian) is a town and municipality in the Principality of Asturias in Spain. With a population of 38,265 as of 2024, it is the 4th-largest municipality of Asturias.

Langreo is located in the centre of Asturias, approximately 20 kilometres (12 miles) south-east of Oviedo. It was an important mining and metallurgical center.

Museum of the Siderurgy
The Museum of the Siderurgy of Asturias (in Spanish Museo de la Siderurgia de Asturias), is a museum located in La Felguera, in the Principality of Asturias, northern Spain. It is also known as the MUSI.
20th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party
The 20th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), formally the Political Bureau of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was elected at the 1st plenary session of the 20th Central Committee of the CCP on 23 October 2022 in the aftermath of the 20th National Congress. This electoral term was preceded by the 19th Politburo. Seven of the 24 members serve in the 20th Politburo Standing Committee.

The 20th CCP Politburo was noted as the first to include a former Minister of State Security and the first Politburo with no women in 25 years. All members are Han Chinese, the majority ethnic group in the country. According to informal party convention, party leaders aged 68 or above are not eligible to remain in the Politburo but the 20th reelected three members past that age.

20th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
The 20th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, formally the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, was elected by the 1st plenary session of the 20th Central Committee on 23 October 2022, in the aftermath of the 20th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). It was preceded by the 19th Politburo Standing Committee.
Moon Lake Monster
The Moon Lake Monster, colloquially known as Moonie, is a cryptid reported to inhabit Moon Lake in the Uinta Mountains of Duchesne County, Utah. While often overshadowed by the Bear Lake Monster, Moonie is a fixture of local folklore in the High Uintas.

Duchesne County, Utah
Duchesne County (/duːˈʃeɪn/ doo-SHAYN) is a county in the northeast part of the U.S. state of Utah. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 19,596. Its county seat is Duchesne, and the largest city is Roosevelt.
Sarusajai
Sarusajai is a locality in the southern part of Guwahati, Assam, India. It is surrounded by Lalmati, Lokhra, Bhetapara, Hatigaon and Basistha and is near to National Highway 37. The multi-purpose Indira Gandhi Athletic Stadium is located here.

Lokhra
Lokhra, also known as Lakhra, is a locality in southern part of Guwahati in Assam. It is surrounded by Jalukbari, Lalmati and Basistha localities. It is near National Highway 37 and is 9 km and 18 km from Guwahati Railway Station and Airport, respectively.

Schools

Lokhra locality comprises some of the best schools of Guwahati such as Delhi Public School Guwahati (CBSE), GEMS NPS (CBSE) and Sanskriti Gurukul (ICSE).
The Gersch
The Gersch is a band founded in Boston, Massachusetts in 1996. They have been on extended hiatus since 1999 with the only activity since that time being the 2006 release of their self-titled album, mixed and produced by Justin Sosnovski, Graham Hick and Bryant Clifford Meyer, as well as a reunion performance on June 22, 2013 in Chicago, Illinois.

Palms (band)
Palms is an American post-metal supergroup that formed in 2011. The group features Deftones' vocalist Chino Moreno and three members of the post-metal band Isis: bassist Jeff Caxide, drummer Aaron Harris and guitarist Bryant Clifford Meyer.
53–55 Beach Street
53–55 Beach Street is a historic seven-story building, located at the northwest corner of Beach Street and Collister Street, in the TriBeCa West Historic District of Manhattan, New York City. Originally commissioned in 1885, the building was designed by architect Oscar S Teale and commissioned by prominent developer Joseph Naylor. At the time of construction, it replaced two early nineteenth-century structures and exemplified the utilitarian warehouse architecture typical of the late 19th century.

The building's facade features bold round arched openings at street level with granite keystones and a stone water table course. The upper five floors showcase bays of segmentally arched double-hung windows set between brick piers expressed as buttresses rather than decorative pilasters, reflecting the building's industrial function. The Beach Street side historically included loading bays, protected by iron bands and steel loading platforms, emphasizing its warehouse use.

Tribeca West Historic District
The Tribeca West Historic District is a local historic district in the Tribeca neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City. Upon designation on May 7, 1991, by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (LPC), it encompassed 17 blocks and approximately 220 buildings, comprising warehouses, factories, and office towers, mostly dating from 1860 to 1910. Notable buildings within the district include the former New York Mercantile Exchange, and the Powell Building, a Beaux-Arts office tower designed by Carrère and Hastings and built in 1890; and the Tribeca Film Center.
Míchel (footballer, born 1963)
José Miguel González Martín del Campo, known as Míchel (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈmitʃel]; born 23 March 1963), is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a right midfielder, currently a manager.

He spent over a decade at Real Madrid, making 561 competitive appearances during his spell while scoring 130 goals. He won several titles with the club, including six La Liga championships and two UEFA Cups.

Míchel earned 66 caps for Spain from 1985 to 1992, and appeared for the nation in two World Cups (scoring four goals in the 1990 edition) and Euro 1988. He started working as a manager in 2005, notably leading Olympiacos to two Super League Greece accolades.

2023–24 Saudi First Division League
The 2023–24 First Division League (known as the Yelo League for sponsorship reasons) was the third season of the Saudi First Division League after its rebrand, and the 47th season of the Saudi First Division since its establishment in 1976. The season started on 14 August 2023 and concluded on 28 May 2024.

On 6 May, Al-Qadsiah became the first team to be promoted following a 2–2 draw with Ohod. They were crowned champions following a 4–2 win against Al-Najma on 13 May. On 21 May, Al-Kholood and Al-Orobah became the final two clubs to be promoted following wins over Al-Safa and Al-Jabalain respectively.

On 30 April, Al-Taraji became the first team to be relegated after a 4–1 defeat away to Al-Kholood. On 13 May, Hajer became the second team to be relegated following a 2–1 defeat to Al-Faisaly. On 15 May, Al-Qaisumah became the third and the final club to be relegated following a 0–0 draw with Ohod.
Manor of Raleigh, Pilton
The historic manor of Raleigh, near Barnstaple and in the parish of Pilton, North Devon, England, was the first recorded home in the 14th century of the influential Chichester family of Devon. It was recorded in Domesday Book of 1086 together with three other manors that lay within the later-created parish of Pilton. The manor lies above the River Yeo on the southern slope of the hill on top of which stand the ruins of the Anglo-Saxon hillfort called Roborough Castle. Part of the historic manor of Raleigh is now the site of the North Devon District Hospital.

Pilton as a borough had existed long before the Norman Conquest and was one of the most important defensive towns in Devon under the Anglo-Saxons; it is now a northern suburb of Barnstaple. On modern maps, an area of the Yeo valley on the eastern edge of Pilton is marked as Raleigh.

John Lambrick Vivian
Lieutenant Colonel John Lambrick Vivian (1830–1896), Inspector of Militia and Her Majesty's Superintendent of Police and Police Magistrate for St Kitts, West Indies, was an English genealogist and historian. He edited editions of the Heraldic Visitations of Devon and of Cornwall, standard reference works for historians of these two counties. Both contain an extensive pedigree of the Vivian family of Devon and Cornwall, produced largely by his own researches.
Nestpick
Nestpick is an online platform for on-demand housing; month to month rentals of furnished apartments & rooms, operating worldwide. The website shows rooms and student accommodation. Offers from many international providers are aggregated on the Nespick website.

Rocket Internet
Rocket Internet SE is a German Internet company headquartered in Berlin. The company builds startups and owns shareholdings in various models of internet retail businesses. The company model is known as a startup studio or a venture builder.

It provides office space to new companies at its headquarters in Berlin, with IT support, marketing services and access to investors. As of 2016, Rocket Internet has more than 28,000 employees across its worldwide network of companies, which consists of over 100 entities active in 110 countries. The company's market capitalization was €3.49 billion as of 3 November 2017. On 12 July 2021, the market capitalization was €3.7 billion.
Per Rudberg
Vice Admiral Per Yngve Rudberg (29 August 1922 – 9 May 2010) was a Swedish Navy officer. Rudberg was commissioned as an officer in the Swedish Navy after graduating from Royal Swedish Naval Academy in 1944. He served aboard destroyers, torpedo boats and training vessels and later became commanding officer of the First Destroyer Flotilla and led among other things the naval development in the emerging radar technology. Besides the usual management training, Rudberg attended the French Naval Academy. He served in the Defence Staff and the Naval Staff and was promoted to rear admiral and military commander of the Lower Norrland Military District (Milo NN) in 1973. Rudberg was promoted to vice admiral and served as the Chief of the Navy from 1978 to 1984 during which time the Swedish submarine incidents culminated when the Soviet submarine U 137 ran aground in Blekinge archipelago.

Löjtnant
Löjtnant (English: Lieutenant in the Swedish Army/Air Force, Sub-lieutenant in the Navy) is a company grade officer rank. In the army/airforce, it ranks above second lieutenant and below captain. In the navy, it ranks above acting sub-lieutenant and below lieutenant. It is equivalent to the specialist officers rank of förvaltare. The rank has been used in Sweden since the Middle Ages.
Goodnites
Goodnites (formerly Pull-Ups Goodnites; known as DryNites in the United Kingdom and most markets outside of North America) are  diapers designed for managing bedwetting. Goodnites are produced by Kimberly-Clark. The product has also been seen titled as Huggies Goodnites on official Huggies branded webpages.

Goodnites constitute the middle level of Kimberly-Clark's line of disposable products, being targeted at children, teens and young adults. The company also produces Huggies diapers for babies, Huggies Pull-Ups training pants for toddlers undergoing toilet training, Poise pads for adult women, and Depend incontinence products for adults in general.

Depend (undergarment)
Depend is a Kimberly-Clark brand of absorbent, disposable undergarments for people with urinary or fecal incontinence. It positions its products as an alternative to typical adult diapers. Depend is the dominant brand of disposable incontinence garments in the United States with a 49.4 share of the market.