hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Helen Duncan
Victoria Helen McCrae Duncan (née MacFarlane, 25 November 1897 – 6 December 1956) was a Scottish medium best known as the last person to be imprisoned under the Witchcraft Act 1735 (9 Geo. 2. c. 5) for fraudulent claims. She was famous for claiming to produce ectoplasm, which was proven to be made from cheesecloth.

Spook: Science Tackles the Afterlife
Spook: Science Tackles the Afterlife (2005), published by W. W. Norton & Company, a nonfiction work by Mary Roach, is a humorous scientific exploration as to whether there is a soul that survives death. In Britain, the title of the book is Six Feet Over: Adventures in the Afterlife.

Spook: Science Tackles the Afterlife was the recipient of the Elle Reader's Prize in October 2005. Spook was also listed as a New York Times Notable Books pick in 2005, as well as a New York Times Bestseller, and it was also an October Booksense pick.
Geoffrey Arrand
Christianity portal

Geoffrey William Arrand (born 24 July 1944) was archdeacon of Suffolk from 1994 to 2009.

Arrand was educated at King's College London and ordained in 1968. After curacies in Washington and South Ormsby he was Vicar of Great Grimsby from 1973 to 1979; Team Rector of Halesworth from 1979 to 1985; Dean of Bocking from 1985 to 1994; and Rural Dean of Hadleigh from 1986 to 1994.

Archdeacon of Suffolk
The Archdeacon of Suffolk is a senior cleric in the Diocese of St Edmundsbury and Ipswich.

The archdeacon is responsible for the disciplinary supervision of the clergy in the territory of the archdeaconry.
Hell in a Cell (2011)
The 2011 Hell in a Cell was the third annual Hell in a Cell professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by WWE. It took place on October 2, 2011, at the New Orleans Arena in New Orleans, Louisiana. Seven matches took place at the event. The event received 182,000 pay-per-view buys, down from 210,000 buys the previous year.

Eight matches took place at the event, including one match on the pre-show. In the main event, Alberto Del Rio defeated CM Punk and defending champion John Cena in the first-ever Triple Threat Hell in a Cell match to win the WWE Championship. The event also featured a second Hell in a Cell match in which Mark Henry defeated Randy Orton in a Hell in a Cell match to retain the World Heavyweight Championship.

Theodore Long
Theodore Robert Rufus Long (born September 15, 1947) is an American former professional wrestling referee, manager and authority figure best known for his tenures in NWA, WCW and WWE.

Long began his career in the National Wrestling Alliance and made his WWE (then the World Wrestling Federation) debut in 1998 as a referee. He transitioned to be an on-screen manager in 2003 and later served as General Manager of SmackDown for two tenures lasting a combined six years as well as a one-year stint as ECW General Manager.

In 2017, he was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame by Ron Simmons and John Layfield.
2010–11 Xavier Musketeers men's basketball team
The 2010–11 Xavier Musketeers men's basketball team represented Xavier University in the 2010–11 college basketball season. This was head coach Chris Mack's second season at Xavier. The Musketeers competed in the Atlantic 10 Conference and played their home games at the Cintas Center. They finished the season 24–8, 15–1 in A-10 play to win the regular season conference championship. The Musketeers lost in the quarterfinals of the A-10 tournament to Dayton. They received an at-large bid in the NCAA tournament as a #6 seed where they lost in the second round to Marquette.

Chris Mack (basketball)
Christopher Lee Mack (born December 30, 1969) is an American college basketball coach who is currently the head coach at the College of Charleston. He formerly served as head coach for the University of Louisville and Xavier University.
Scottish government economy directorates
The Scottish government economy directorates were a set of directorates within the Scottish government, the executive arm of the devolved government of Scotland.  The directorates were headed by Dr Andrew Goudie, who also acted as the chief economic adviser to the Scottish government (Goudie retired in 2011 and joined Strathclyde University). The directorates were responsible for transport, sustainable development and planning. In 2010, the transport directorate merged with Transport Scotland, an Executive Agency of the Scottish Government and accountable to Scottish Ministers.

Transport Scotland
Transport Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: Còmhdhail Alba) is the national transport agency of Scotland. It was established by the Transport (Scotland) Act 2005, and began operating on 1 January 2006 as an executive agency of the Scottish Government.

An executive agency of the Scottish government, it manages transport projects, ScotRail, and all motorways and major A-class roads in Scotland. The agency is organised into eight directorates, including Aviation, Maritime, Freight and Canals; Bus, Accessibility & Active Travel; and Rail. Transport Scotland also contributes to the Scottish Government's Climate Change plan.

Regional Transport Partnerships (RTPs) help plan and deliver regional transport developments, with each RTP preparing a regional transport strategy and delivery plan. Some RTPs also provide transport services, like the Strathclyde Partnership for Transport which operates the Glasgow Subway and major bus stations.
Yizre'el
Yizre'el (Hebrew: יִזְרְעֶאל) is a kibbutz in north-eastern Israel. Located in the Jezreel Valley near Afula, it falls under the jurisdiction of Gilboa Regional Council. In 2023 it had a population of 620.

Jezreel Valley
The Jezreel Valley (Biblical Hebrew: עמק יזרעאל, romanized: ʿĒmeq Yizrəʿēl, LXX Koine Ιεζραελ), or Marj ibn Amir (Arabic: مرج ابن عامر, romanized: Marj ibn ʿĀmir, lit. 'Meadow of ibn Amir') is a large fertile plain and inland valley in the Northern District of Israel. It is bordered to the north by the highlands of the Lower Galilee, to the south by the highlands of Samaria, to the west and northwest by the Mount Carmel range, and to the east by the Jordan Valley, with Mount Gilboa marking its southern extent. The largest settlement in the valley is the city of Afula, which lies near its center.
Charlie Trairat
Charlie Trairat Potjes (Thai: ชาลี ไตรรัตน์ ปอทเจส; born 19 January 1993) also known as Nack, is a Thai actor and singer. He gained stardom through Fan Chan, which was Thailand's highest-grossing film in 2003.

Busan International Film Festival
The Busan International Film Festival (BIFF; Korean: 부산국제영화제), formerly the Pusan International Film Festival (PIFF), held annually in Haeundae District, Busan, South Korea, is one of the most significant film festivals in Asia. The first festival, held from 13 to 21 September 1996, was also the first international film festival in Korea.

The main focus of the BIFF is to introduce new films and first-time directors, especially those from Asian countries. Another notable feature is the appeal of the festival to young people, both in terms of the large youthful audience it attracts and through its efforts to develop and promote young talent.

In 1999, the Pusan Promotion Plan (renamed Asian Project Market in 2011) was established to connect new directors to funding sources. The 16th BIFF in 2011 saw the festival move to a new permanent home, the Busan Cinema Center in Centum City.
Helion Energy
Helion Energy, Inc. is an American fusion research company located in Everett, Washington. It is developing a magneto-inertial fusion technology to produce fusion power and helium-3 via aneutronic fusion, which, if successful, would produce low-cost clean electric energy using a fuel that can be derived exclusively from water.

Deuterium–tritium fusion
Deuterium–tritium fusion (D-T fusion) is a type of nuclear fusion in which one deuterium (2H) nucleus (deuteron) fuses with one tritium (3H) nucleus (triton), giving one helium-4 nucleus, one free neutron, and 17.6 MeV of total energy coming from both the neutron and helium. It is the best known fusion reaction for fusion power and thermonuclear weapons.

Tritium, one of the reactants for D-T fusion, is radioactive. In fusion reactors, a 'breeding blanket' made of lithium orthosilicate or other lithium-bearing ceramics, is placed on the walls of the reactor, as lithium, when exposed to energetic neutrons, will produce tritium.
1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid
1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid (systematic name 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid) is a cyclic imino acid. Its conjugate base and anion is 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C). In solution, P5C is in spontaneous equilibrium with glutamate-5-semialdehyde (GSA).

Imino acid
In organic chemistry, an imino acid is any molecule that contains both imine (>C=NH) and carboxyl (-C(=O)-OH) functional groups.

Imino acids are structurally related to amino acids, which have amino group instead of imine—a difference of single vs double-bond between nitrogen and carbon.  The simplest example is dehydroglycine.

D-Amino acid oxidase is an enzyme that is able to convert amino acids into imino acids. Also the direct biosynthetic precursor to the amino acid proline is the imino acid (S)-Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C).
Geology of Norway
The geology of Norway encompasses the history of Earth that can be interpreted by rock types found in Norway, and the associated sedimentological history of soils and rock types.

The Norwegian mountains were formed around 400 million years ago (Ma) during the Caledonian orogeny.

Ophiolite
An ophiolite is a section of Earth's oceanic crust and the underlying upper mantle that has been uplifted and exposed, and often emplaced onto continental crustal rocks.

The Greek word ὄφις, ophis (snake) is found in the name of ophiolites, because of the superficial texture of some of them. Serpentinite especially evokes a snakeskin.  (The suffix -lite is from the Greek lithos, meaning "stone".)  Some ophiolites have a green color. The origin of these rocks, present in many mountainous massifs, remained uncertain until the advent of plate tectonic theory.

Their great significance relates to their occurrence within mountain belts such as the Alps and the Himalayas, where they document the existence of former ocean basins that have now been consumed by subduction. This insight was one of the founding pillars of plate tectonics, and ophiolites have always played a central role in plate tectonic theory and the interpretation of ancient mountain belts.
Slovenia women's national ice hockey team
The Slovenian women's national ice hockey team represents Slovenia at the International Ice Hockey Federation's IIHF World Women's Championships. The women's national team is controlled by Hokejska zveza Slovenije. As of 2011, Slovenia has 88 female players. The Slovenian women's national team is ranked 19th in the world.

2022 IIHF Women's World Championship Division I
The 2022 IIHF Women's World Championship Division I consisted of two international ice hockey tournaments of the 2022 Women's Ice Hockey World Championships organized by the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF). Division I A and Division I B represent the second and third tier of the IIHF World Women's Championship.

All divisions stayed put after all events last year were cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

France won Group A and were promoted to the Top Division, while China got promoted after winning the Group B tournament. Due to Russia's exclusion, no team was relegated this season.
Costa Caribe
Costa Caribe are a Nicaraguan professional basketball team that compete in Nicaragua's Liga Superior de Baloncesto (LSB). They have played in the Liga Centroamericana de clubes de baloncesto, where they reached the Final Four in the 2016 edition. Costa Caribe has traditionally provided Nicaragua's national basketball team with key players.

Nicaragua men's national basketball team
The Nicaragua men's national basketball team is the national basketball team in Nicaragua. They have yet to appear in the FIBA World Cup. However, they made their debut at the FIBA AmeriCup as host in 2025.

It is managed by the Federación Nicaraguense de Baloncesto (FENIBALON).

Nicaragua's greatest accomplishment has been the silver medal at the 2017 Central American Games. Nicaragua won all games until they reached the final where they ceded to Panama 59-72, despite the support of 8,000 fans at the Polideportivo Alexis Argüello.
Elizabeth Mpofu
Elizabeth Mpofu (born 1959) is a small-scale organic farmer, writer and activist based in Zimbabwe. She is General Coordinator of Via Campesina and in 2016 was Special Ambassador to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) for the International Year of Pulses. She is also founder and chairperson of ZIMSOFF (Zimbabwe Smallholder Organic Farmers Forum).

United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peasants
The Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (UNDROP; full title: United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peasants and Other People Working in Rural Areas) is a United Nations General Assembly resolution on human rights with "universal understanding", adopted by the United Nations in 2018. The resolution was passed by a vote of 121-8, with 54 members abstaining and 10 absent.

The declaration lays down a series of rights for peasants, and has often been seen as complementing the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.
Electoral district of Wimmera
The electoral district of Wimmera was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Victoria.

36°00′S 142°00′E﻿ / ﻿36.000°S 142.000°E﻿ / -36.000; 142.000

It was defined initially as "Bounded on the West by the Boundary Line of Victoria and South Australia; on the North by the River Murray; on the East by a Line to Lake Bael Bael, thence by the River Avoca to its Source; and on the South by the Boundaries of the Counties of Follett, Dundas and Ripon".

In the Electoral Act of 1858 (which took effect in 1859), Wimmera was reduced in size and to one member; the Electoral district of Crowlands was created which incorporated part of the previous Wimmera district.

In the Electoral Act of 1877 established the seat as a two-member constituency, reabsorbing Crowlands.

In the redistribution of 1889, Wimmera was abolished and new districts including Horsham, Lowan and Donald & Swan Hill were created.

Electoral district of Crowlands
Crowlands was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian colony of Victoria from 1859 to 1877. It was located in north-western Victoria and included the town of Swan Hill.

The district was defined as being:

Bounded on the west by the Yarriambiack Creek from the junction of the River Wimmera to Lake Corong; thence by a line north to the Murray; again on the west by a tributary of the River Wimmera to its source near Briggs's Bluff in the Grampians; thence southwards by the Grampians range; on the south by the Dividing Range; on the east by the River Avoca and a line north to the Murray; and on the north by the Murray, excepting the country included within the electoral district of Ararat.

36°10′S 143°00′E﻿ / ﻿36.167°S 143.000°E﻿ / -36.167; 143.000
Fabiana Barreda
Fabiana Barreda (Buenos Aires, Argentina. July 27, 1967) is an Argentine photographer, performer, installationist and multimedia artist. Her work specializes in the body, desire and politics of gender. She has participated in national and international exhibitions, being the most important ones in places such as Museum of Modern Art (New York, USA), New York University (USA), International Architecture Biennale Rotterdam (Netherlands), Telefónica Foundation of Madrid (Spain) and Museum of Monterrey – MACO (Mexico).

Centro Cultural Recoleta
The Centro Cultural Recoleta (English: Recoleta Cultural Centre) is an exhibition and cultural events centre located in the barrio of Recoleta, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
It holds sculptures and exhibitions, as well as concerts and artistic presentations and workshops of diverse types.
in September/October 2006 it held the wildly successful onedotzero festival attracting over 20,000 people in 3 days for installations, live performances, screenings and music.
XGBoost
XGBoost (eXtreme Gradient Boosting) is an open-source software library which provides a regularizing gradient boosting framework for C++, Java, Python, R, Julia, Perl, and Scala. It works on Linux, Microsoft Windows, and macOS. From the project description, it aims to provide a "Scalable, Portable and Distributed Gradient Boosting (GBM, GBRT, GBDT) Library". It runs on a single machine, as well as the distributed processing frameworks Apache Hadoop, Apache Spark, Apache Flink, and Dask.

XGBoost gained much popularity and attention in the mid-2010s as the algorithm of choice for many winning teams of machine learning competitions.

Newton's method in optimization
In calculus, Newton's method (also called Newton–Raphson) is an iterative method for finding the roots of a differentiable function , which are solutions to the equation . However, to optimize a twice-differentiable , our goal is to find the roots of . We can therefore use Newton's method on its derivative  to find solutions to , also known as the critical points of . These solutions may be minima, maxima, or saddle points; see section "Several variables" in Critical point (mathematics) and also section "Geometric interpretation" in this article. This is relevant in optimization, which aims to find (global) minima of the function .
AD 737
Year 737 (DCCXXXVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 737 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming.

Pelagius of Asturias
Pelagius (Spanish: Pelayo; c. 685 – 737) was a Visigothic nobleman who founded the Kingdom of Asturias in 718. Pelagius is credited with initiating the Reconquista, the Christian reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula from the Moors, and establishing the Asturian monarchy.
Georgia Revolution FC
Georgia Revolution FC is an American soccer club based in McDonough, Georgia, United States. The team competes in the Georgia Premier Division of the United Premier Soccer League (UPSL), the fourth tier of the United States soccer league system. The UPSL is officially affiliated to the United States Adult Soccer Association (USASA) and qualifies for the U.S. Open Cup. The UPSL is the largest and most competitive pro-development league in North America, with nearly 400 clubs competing nationwide.

Atlanta United 2
Atlanta United 2 are the reserve team of the Major League Soccer club Atlanta United FC. The team plays in MLS Next Pro, the official reserve league of MLS. The team was established on November 14, 2017 and began their first professional season in March 2018.
Jim Dickson (politician)
Jim Dickson is a British Labour Party politician who has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Dartford since 2024. He served as the local councillor for Herne Hill & Loughborough Junction ward in the London Borough of Lambeth for over 30 years. He was also Leader of Lambeth Council between 1994 and 2000.

At the 2024 general election, Dickson defeated Gareth Johnson of the Conservative Party in the longest standing bellwether seat, having previously led Lambeth Council, served as Politics Director at consultancy firm Four Communications, and been a Director at Canning Town-based charity the Thames Festival Trust. Jim Dickson is one of two Lambeth Councillors to have gone on to become Labour MP for Dartford, the first being his predecessor Jennie Adamson in 1938 - Dartford's wartime MP who also served in the Attlee government - who had previously served on the London County Council for Lambeth North.

Jennie Adamson
Janet Laurel Adamson (née Johnston; 9 May 1882 – 25 April 1962) was a British Labour Party politician who served as a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1938 to 1946, and as a junior minister in Clement Attlee's post-war Labour government.
Lucas Hoving
Lucas Hoving (September 5, 1912 – January 5, 2000) was a modern dancer, choreographer and teacher most famous for the roles he created as an original member of the José Limón Dance Company. Hoving performed opposite Limón in several of the company's best known works, including "The Moor's Pavane" (1949), "The Traitor" (1954), and "Emperor Jones" (1956). He also danced in works by seminal modern dance figures Kurt Jooss, Martha Graham, Agnes De Mille, Doris Humphrey, and Helen Tamiris before forming his own company in 1961.

Kurt Jooss
Kurt Jooss (12 January 1901 – 22 May 1979) was a famous German ballet dancer and choreographer mixing classical ballet with theatre; he is also widely regarded as the founder of Tanztheater. Jooss is noted for establishing several dance companies, including most notably, the Folkwang Tanztheater, in Essen.
Pterulaceae
The Pterulaceae are a family of fungi in the order Agaricales. According to a 2008 estimate, the family contained 99 species previously distributed among 12 genera. More recent data from molecular phylogenetic reconstruction showed that members of the genus Parapterulicium are unrelated to Pterulaceae and also polyphyletic. A new genus Baltazaria was created and both genera were moved to Russulales, to families Lachnocladiaceae and Peniophoraceae respectively.

A major reappraisal of Pterulaceae was recently published by Leal-Dutra et al., creating the new genus Myrmecopterula, to encompass those species cultivated by Apterostigma ants in the neotropics, and resurrecting the genus Phaeopterula to accommodate species with darker basidiomes. The genus Deflexula was merged into Pterulicium. Additionally, the genera Aphanobasidium, Radulomyces and Radulotubus were removed to a new family, Radulomycetaceae.

Peniophoraceae
The Peniophoraceae are a family of fungi in the order Russulales. Species of this family have a cosmopolitan distribution and are mostly saprobic, causing rots of standing and fallen wood. According to 2025 data the family contains 16 genera and 416 species.
Dennis Woolverton
Dennis Woolverton (January 1, 1790 – May 23, 1875) was a farmer and political figure in Upper Canada. He represented the 1st riding of Lincoln in the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada from 1834 to 1836 as a Reformer.

He was born in New Jersey, the son of Jonathan Woolverton and Mary Barcroft, and came to Upper Canada with his family in 1798. Woolverton was married twice: to Catherine Nixon and then to Mary Ann Nelles, the daughter of Robert Nelles. He served as a sergeant in the militia during the War of 1812. Woolverton lived in Grimsby Township.

His grandson Linus Woolverton became a noted Ontario fruit grower.

Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada
The Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada was the elected part of the legislature for the province of Upper Canada, functioning as the lower house in the Parliament of Upper Canada.  Its legislative power was subject to veto by the appointed Lieutenant Governor, Executive Council, and Legislative Council.

The first elections in Upper Canada, in which only land-owning males were permitted to vote, were held in August 1792.

The first session of the Assembly's sixteen members was held in Newark, Upper Canada (today's Niagara-on-the-Lake) on 17 September 1792. The Assembly was dissolved in 1796 and reconvened for twelve more sessions between 1797 and 1840 in modest buildings in York, the new capital of Upper Canada. Members continued to be elected by land-owning males to represent counties and the larger towns.

During the War of 1812, U.S. troops won the Battle of York and burned down the government buildings.