hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
People of Paradox
People of Paradox: An Inquiry Concerning the Origins of American Civilization is a 1972 book by American cultural historian Michael Kammen, published by Knopf. It explores various contradictions in American society, such as puritanism vs. hedonism and idealism vs. materialism. People of Paradox was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for History in 1973.

Pulitzer Prize for History
The Pulitzer Prize for History, administered by Columbia University, is one of the seven American Pulitzer Prizes that are annually awarded for Letters, Drama, and Music. It has been presented since 1917 for a distinguished book about the history of the United States. Thus it is one of the original Pulitzers, for the program was inaugurated in 1917 with seven prizes, four of which were awarded that year. The Pulitzer Prize program has also recognized some historical work with its Biography prize, from 1917, and its General Nonfiction prize, from 1962.

Finalists have been announced since 1980, ordinarily two others beside the winner.
2009 Tour de Langkawi
The 2009 Tour de Langkawi was the 14th edition of the Tour de Langkawi, a cycling stage race that took place in Malaysia. The race began on 9 February in Putrajaya and ended on 15 February in Dataran Merdeka, Kuala Lumpur. In fact this race was sanctioned by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) as a 2.HC (hors category) race on the 2008–09 UCI Asia Tour calendar.

Colombian cyclist, José Serpa emerged as the winner of the race, followed by Jai Crawford second and Jackson Rodríguez third. Mattia Gavazzi won the points classification category and José Serpa won the mountains classification category. Diquigiovanni–Androni won the team classification category.

2008–09 UCI Asia Tour
The 2008–09 UCI Asia Tour was the 5th season of the UCI Asia Tour. The season began on 4 October 2008 with the Tour of Milad du Nour and ended on 13 September 2009 with the Tour de Hokkaido.

The points leader, based on the cumulative results of previous races, wears the UCI Asia Tour cycling jersey. Hossein Askari from Iran was the defending champion of the 2007–08 UCI Asia Tour. Ghader Mizbani of Iran was crowned as the 2008–09 UCI Asia Tour champion.

Throughout the season, points are awarded to the top finishers of stages within stage races and the final general classification standings of each of the stages races and one-day events. The quality and complexity of a race also determines how many points are awarded to the top finishers, the higher the UCI rating of a race, the more points are awarded.

The UCI ratings from highest to lowest are as follows:

Multi-day events: 2.HC, 2.1 and 2.2

One-day events: 1.HC, 1.1 and 1.2
Association of Provinces of the Netherlands
The Association of Provinces of the Netherlands (Dutch: Interprovinciaal Overleg; IPO) is the association of the twelve provinces of the Netherlands. The association looks after provincial interests and forms a platform for exchanging knowledge and experience among the twelve Dutch provinces. The IPO also stimulates and takes the initiative in reform programmes.

The executive of the IPO consists of thirteen members, made up of one from each province (who can be a member of that province's Gedeputeerde Staten, or its King's Commissioner) plus a chairperson. The chair is vacant. The IPO's general assembly is made up of twenty-four members of the States-Provincial (2 from each province).

The office of the IPO presents provincial interests through relations with the central government, the European Union, the Association of Netherlands Municipalities, the Unie van Waterschappen, the National Civil Pension Fund and with social organizations.

Water board (Netherlands)
In the Netherlands, a water board, water council or water authority (Dutch: waterschap or heemraadschap) is a regional governing body solely charged with the management of surface water in the environment. Water boards are independent of administrative governing bodies like provinces and municipalities. In general, they are responsible for managing rivers and canals, issues with the flow of watercourses and drainage issues, water collection, flood and erosion prevention and provision of potable water. They manage polder systems, water levels, water barriers and locks, enforcements, water quality and sewage treatment in their respective regions. The concept of a coordinating "High Water Authority" (Hoogheemraadschap) originated in what now is the province of South Holland in the 12th century.
Astra Citelis
The Astra Citelis is an urban solo trolleybus with a low floor, bodywork by Astra Bus Arad, Romania, on an Irisbus Citelis under frame (Iveco’s division for passenger transportation vehicles), and outfitted with equipment provided by ICPE SAERP Bucharest. Trolleybus electric thrusters are the latest generation with low power consumption and regenerative electric brakes. Digital control of all systems of electric buses allow easy maintenance and repair of the vehicle.

Trolleybus
A trolleybus (also known as trolley bus, trolley coach, trackless trolley, trackless tram (in the 1910s and 1920s), road tram or simply trolley) is an electric bus that draws power from dual overhead lines (generally suspended from roadside posts) using spring-loaded or pneumatically raised trolley poles. Two wires, and two trolley poles, are required to complete the electrical circuit. This differs from a tram or streetcar, which normally uses the track as the return path, needing only one wire and one pole (or pantograph). They are also distinct from other kinds of electric buses, which usually rely on batteries. Power is most commonly supplied as 600-volt direct current in older systems and 750-volts in newer systems, but there are exceptions.

Currently, around 300 trolleybus systems are in operation, in cities and towns in 43 countries. Altogether, more than 800 trolleybus systems have existed, but not more than about 400 concurrently.
1870s in Western fashion
1870s fashion in European and European-influenced clothing is characterized by a gradual shift from a full skirted silhouette to a close-fitting one, as well as the rise and fall of elaborate rear draperies.

Bowler hat
The bowler hat, also known as a Coke hat, billycock, bob hat, or derby (United States), is a hard felt hat with a rounded crown, originally created by the London hat-makers Thomas and William Bowler in 1849 and commissioned by Lock & Co. Hatters of St James's Street, London. It has traditionally been worn with semi-formal and informal attire.

The bowler, a protective and durable hat style, was popular with the British, Irish, and American working classes during the second half of the 19th century, and later with the middle and upper classes in the United Kingdom, Ireland, and the east coast of the United States. It became the quintessential attire of City of London gents in the early 1900s, a tradition that lasted until the 1970s.
Strychnos spinosa
Strychnos spinosa, the Natal orange, also called Mokotra in Madagascar, is a tree indigenous to tropical and subtropical Africa. It produces sweet-sour yellow fruits, containing numerous hard brown seeds. Greenish-white flowers grow in dense heads at the ends of branches (Sep-Feb/Spring - summer). The fruits tend to appear only after good rains. It is related to the deadly Strychnos nux-vomica, which contains strychnine. The fruit are large, smooth, and firm, transitioning from green to yellow as they ripen. Inside the fruit are tightly packed seeds, which may be toxic, surrounded by a fleshy, brown, edible covering.

Animals such as baboon, monkeys, bushpig, nyala and eland eat the fruit. The leaves are a popular food source for browsers such as duiker, kudu, impala, steenbok, nyala and elephant.

Strychnos nux-vomica
Strychnos nux-vomica, the strychnine tree, also known as nux vomica, poison fruit, semen strychnos, and quaker buttons, is a deciduous tree native to India and to southeast Asia. It is a medium-sized tree in the family Loganiaceae that grows in open habitats. Its leaves are ovate and 5–9 centimetres (2–3.5 in) in size. It is known for being the natural source of the extremely poisonous compound strychnine.
Gelfand–Kirillov dimension
In algebra, the Gelfand–Kirillov dimension (or GK dimension) of a right module M over a k-algebra A is:

where the supremum is taken over all finite-dimensional subspaces  and .

An algebra is said to have polynomial growth if its Gelfand–Kirillov dimension is finite.

Dimension (vector space)
In mathematics, the dimension of a vector space V is the cardinality (i.e., the number of vectors) of a basis of V over its base field. It is sometimes called Hamel dimension (after Georg Hamel) or algebraic dimension to distinguish it from other types of dimension.

For every vector space there exists a basis, and all bases of a vector space have equal cardinality; as a result, the dimension of a vector space is uniquely defined. We say  is finite-dimensional if the dimension of  is finite, and infinite-dimensional if its dimension is infinite.

The dimension of the vector space  over the field  can be written as  or as  read "dimension of  over ". When  can be inferred from context,  is typically written.
Spy ship
A spy ship or reconnaissance vessel is a dedicated ship intended to gather intelligence, usually by means of sophisticated electronic eavesdropping. In a wider sense, any ship intended to gather information could be considered a spy ship.

Spy ships are usually controlled by a nation's government, due to the high costs and advanced equipment required. They tend to be parts of the nation's navy, though they may also be operated by secret services.

Naval trawlers masquerade as civilian ships such as fishing trawlers, which could be reasonably expected to remain in a certain area for a long time.

Ships which are used to infiltrate spies or special forces are sometimes also called "spy ships".

Missile
A missile is an airborne ranged weapon capable of self-propelled flight aided usually by a propellant, jet engine or rocket motor.

Historically, 'missile' referred to any projectile that is thrown, shot or propelled towards a target; this usage is still recognized today with any unguided jet- or rocket-propelled weapons generally described as rocket artillery. Airborne explosive devices without propulsion are referred to as shells if fired by an artillery piece and bombs if dropped by an aircraft.

Missiles are also generally guided towards specific targets termed as guided missiles or guided rockets. Missile systems usually have five system components: targeting, guidance system, flight system, engine, and warhead. Missiles are primarily classified into different types based on firing source and target such as surface-to-surface, air-to-surface, surface-to-air and air-to-air missiles.
TV Kumamoto
TV-Kumamoto Co., Ltd. (株式会社テレビ熊本, Kabushiki-gaisha Terebi Kumamoto; also known as TKU), is a Japanese television station, founded in 1968 and headquartered in Kumamoto, Japan. It started broadcasting in 1969.

It is affiliated with the FNN and FNS, and it is the second commercial television station in Kumamoto prefecture. On December 1, 2006, TKU started digital terrestrial television broadcasting.

Fuji News Network
Fuji News Network (FNN) is a Japanese commercial television network run by Fuji Television Network, Inc. (Fuji TV), a subsidiary of Fuji Media Holdings and part of the Fujisankei Communications Group. The network's responsibility includes the syndication of national television news bulletins to its regional affiliates, and news exchange between the stations.

FNN also manages the free online service FNN Prime, visited by an average of 100 million views by month.

Distribution of non-news television programmes is handled by Fuji Network System (FNS), another network set up by Fuji TV.
Floorball at the 2025 World Games – Women's tournament
The women's floorball tournament at the 2025 World Games was women's floorball tournament at the World Games, held from 6 to 13 August 2025 as part of the 2025 World Games in Chengdu, China. This marks the first time, a women's tournament was held since the floorball tournaments for the 2017 and 2022 World Games were only for men.

Finland won the tournament after defeating Sweden in the final. It was the first time since the 2001 World Championships, where Finland also won, that Sweden did not win a major tournament. In the third-place match, Switzerland defeated the Czech Republic.

As in the previous men's tournaments at World Games, team rosters were limited to 14 players. Matches were shortened to three 15-minute periods (instead of the standard 20 minutes).

Floorball at the 2022 World Games
The floorball competition at the 2022 World Games took place in July 2022, in Birmingham, United States, at the BJCC East Exhibition Hall.
Originally scheduled to take place in July 2021, the Games were rescheduled for July 2022 as a result of the 2020 Summer Olympics postponement due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Marty McSorley
Martin James McSorley (born May 18, 1963) is a Canadian former professional hockey player, who played in the National Hockey League (NHL) from 1983 to 2000. A versatile player, he could play both the forward and defense positions.  He was also head coach of the Springfield Falcons of the American Hockey League from 2002 to 2004.  He was a valued teammate of Wayne Gretzky when they played together for the Edmonton Oilers and Los Angeles Kings, serving as an enforcer.

In 2000, his assault of Donald Brashear with his stick, in which Brashear suffered a severe concussion, led to McSorley's suspension, criminal conviction, and later his retirement from hockey.

Enforcer (ice hockey)
Enforcer is a role in ice hockey. The term is sometimes used synonymously with "fighter", "tough guy", or "goon". An enforcer's job is to deter and respond to dirty or violent play by the opposing team. When such play occurs, the enforcer is expected to respond aggressively, by fighting or checking the offender. Enforcers are expected to react particularly harshly to violence against star players or goalies.

Enforcers are different from pests, players who seek to agitate opponents and distract them from the game without necessarily fighting them. The pest's primary role is to draw penalties from opposing players, thus "getting them off their game", while not actually intending to fight the opposition player (although exceptions to this do occur). Pests and enforcers often play together on the same line, usually the fourth line. Another related role is the grinder, known for hard work and checking rather than scoring, but not necessarily for fighting.
Astrochapsa elongata
Astrochapsa elongata is a little-known species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found only in a specific region of Thailand, it is closely related to Astrochapsa recurva, yet distinguishes itself through its narrower ascospores and absence of secondary metabolites.

Graphidaceae
The Graphidaceae are a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Graphidales. The family contains nearly a hundred genera and more than 2000 species. Although the family has a cosmopolitan distribution, most Graphidaceae species occur in tropical regions, and typically grow on bark. These lichens are characterized by their crust-like growth form and typically partner with orange-pigmented Trentepohlia algae. Many species produce distinctive elongated, slit-like fruiting bodies, and some have unusually large ascospores that can begin germinating almost immediately upon release. The family originated approximately 176 million years ago and has diversified steadily since, with major bursts of new species arising alongside the spread of flowering plants and tropical rainforests.
National Conservative Convention
The National Conservative Convention (NCC), is the most senior body of the Conservative Party's voluntary wing. The National Convention effectively serves as the Party's internal Parliament, and is made up of its 800 highest-ranking Party Officers.

The composition and functions of the NCC have evolved since its establishment in 1867. It has previously had a major role in policy-making and the planning of Party Conferences. Today, its primary purposes are to take charge of internal Party affairs and representing the views of Party members. Most crucially, it elects five members each year to sit on the Conservative Party Board.

Eugene Ramsden, 1st Baron Ramsden
Eugene Joseph Squire Hargreaves Ramsden, 1st Baron Ramsden OBE (2 February 1883 – 9 August 1955), known as Sir Eugene Ramsden, Bt between 1938 and 1945, was a Conservative Party  politician in the United Kingdom.
Mount Martin Cane Lift
Mount Martin Cane Lift is a heritage-listed piece of agricultural equipment at Mirani Mount Ossa Road, Mount Martin, Mackay Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built before 1939. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 5 February 2010.

Mackay Region
The Mackay Region is a local government area located in North Queensland, Queensland, Australia. Established in 2008, it was preceded by three previous local government areas with modern histories extending back as far as 1869.

It has an estimated operating budget of A$118 million.

In the 2021 census, the Mackay Region had a population of 121,691 people.
Task Force on Process Mining
The IEEE Task Force on Process Mining (TFPM) is a non-commercial association for process mining. The IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) Task Force on Process Mining was established in October 2009 as part of the IEEE Computational Intelligence Society at the Eindhoven University of Technology.

The task force is supported by over 80 organizations and has around 750 members. The main goal of the task force is to promote the research, development, education, and understanding of process mining.

Wil van der Aalst
Willibrordus Martinus Pancratius van der Aalst (born 29 January 1966) is a Dutch computer scientist and  full professor at RWTH Aachen University, leading the Process and Data Science (PADS) group. His research and teaching interests include information systems, workflow management, Petri nets, process mining, specification languages, and simulation. He is also known for his work on workflow patterns.
Jungle Jitters
Jungle Jitters is a 1938 Warner Bros. Merrie Melodies cartoon directed by Friz Freleng. The short was released on February 19, 1938.

Because of the racial stereotypes of black people throughout the short, it prompted United Artists to withhold it from syndication within the United States in 1968. As such, the short was placed into the Censored Eleven, a group of eleven Merrie Melodies and Looney Tunes shorts withheld from official television distribution in the United States since 1968 due to heavy stereotyping of black people; because its copyright had already lapsed without renewal a year before this decision, it has remained publicly available through numerous unofficial distributors via secondhand prints.

Censored Eleven
The Censored Eleven is a group of Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies cartoons originally produced and released by Warner Bros. between 1931 and 1944. All of them have been withheld from syndication in the United States by United Artists (UA) since 1968. UA owned the distribution rights to the Associated Artists Productions library at that time, and decided to pull these 11 cartoons from broadcast because the use of ethnic stereotypes in the cartoons, specifically African and African-American stereotypes, was deemed too offensive for contemporary audiences.

The ban has been continued by UA and the successive owners of the pre-August 1948 Looney Tunes/Merrie Melodies. Since 1968, these shorts have not been officially broadcast on television and have only been exhibited theatrically by Warner Bros. once (in 2010, see below for more details) since their withdrawal. They have turned up, however, on low-cost VHS and DVD collections.
Alexander the Great in legend
The vast conquests of the Macedonian king Alexander the Great quickly inspired the formation and diffusion of legendary material about his deity, journeys, and tales. These appeared shortly after his death, and some may have already begun forming during his lifetime. Common themes and symbols among legends about Alexander include the Gates of Alexander, the Horns of Alexander, and the Gordian Knot.

In the third century AD, an anonymous author writing in the name of Alexander's court historian Callisthenes (commonly referred to as Pseudo-Callisthenes) authored the Greek Alexander Romance. This work gave rise to a genre of literature chronicling the myths and adventures of Alexander, which evolved through over a hundred versions during premodern times and was translated into nearly every language across European and Islamic civilizations.

Middle Persian
Middle Persian, also known by its endonym Pārsīk or Pārsīg  (Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭯𐭠𐭫𐭮𐭩𐭪, Manichaean script: 𐫛𐫀𐫡𐫘𐫏𐫐‎, Avestan script: 𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬯𐬍𐬐) in its later form, is a Western Middle Iranian language which became the literary language of the Sasanian Empire. For some time after the Sasanian collapse, Middle Persian continued to function as a prestige language. It descended from Old Persian, the language of the Achaemenid Empire and is the linguistic ancestor of Modern Persian, the official language of Iran (also known as Persia), Afghanistan (Dari) and Tajikistan (Tajik).
Jama Mosque, Jaunpur
Jama Masjid, also known as Jama Mosque, Jami Masjid or Badi Masjid, one of the largest mosques in India, is a 15th-century mosque built by Hussain Shah Sharqi of the Jaunpur Sultanate in Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is one of the chief tourist attractions in Jaunpur. The mosque is 2.2 km north-northeast of Jaunpur, 7.3 km northwest of Zafarābād, 16.8 km north-northeast of Mariāhū, 26.3 km west-northwest of Kirākat. It is 1 km from the Atala mosque.

Special prayers are held every Friday. The five regular prayers are offered every day.

Tughlaq dynasty
The Tughlaq dynasty (also known as the Tughluq or Tughluk dynasty; Persian: تغلق شاهیان) was the third dynasty to rule over the Delhi Sultanate in medieval India. Its reign started in 1320 in Delhi when Ghazi Malik assumed the throne under the title of Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq and ended in 1413.

The Indo-Turkic dynasty expanded its territorial reach through a military campaign led by Muhammad bin Tughluq, and reached its zenith between 1330 and 1335. It ruled most of the Indian subcontinent for this brief period.
Indonesia–Thailand border
Indonesia and Thailand share a common maritime border in the northern part of the Straits of Malacca and the Andaman Sea to the north-east of Indonesia's Sumatera Island and to the west of the western coastline of southern Thailand. The maritime boundary runs between the India-Indonesia-Thailand tripoint in the north, and the Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand tripoint in the south.

The border was delimited through four agreements, with two involving third parties India and Malaysia as they determined trijunction points with those countries.

Strait of Malacca
The Strait of Malacca is a narrow stretch of water, 900 kilometres (560 mi) long and from 65 to 250 km (40 to 155 mi) wide, between the Malay Peninsula to the northeast and the Indonesian island of Sumatra to the southwest, connecting the Andaman Sea (Indian Ocean) and the South China Sea (Pacific Ocean). As the main shipping channel between the Indian and Pacific oceans, it is one of the most important shipping lanes in the world.