hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Scream (cipher)
The Scream cipher is a word-based stream cipher developed by Shai Halevi, Don Coppersmith and Charanjit Jutla from IBM.

The cipher is designed as a software efficient stream cipher. The authors describe the goal of the cipher to be a more secure version of the SEAL cipher.

The general design of Scream is close to the design of SEAL with block cipher-like round functions. There are two versions of Scream. One of them, Scream-F, reuses the S-boxes from the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) block cipher, while the other, Scream, internally generates new, key-dependent S-boxes as part of the initialization phase. The round function is also based on the AES-round function, but is narrower, 64 bits instead of 128 bits.

The cipher uses a 128-bit key and a 128-bit nonce. It is efficient in software, running at 4-5 cycles per byte on modern processors.

The cipher was presented at the Fast Software Encryption (FSE) conference in 2002.

SEAL (cipher)
In cryptography, SEAL (Software-Optimized Encryption Algorithm)  is a stream cipher optimised for machines with a 32-bit word size and plenty of RAM with a reported performance of around 4 cycles per byte.  SEAL is actually a pseudorandom function family in that it can easily generate arbitrary portions of the keystream without having to start from the beginning.  This makes it particularly well suited for applications like encrypting hard drives.

The first version was published by Phillip Rogaway and Don Coppersmith in 1994. The current version, published in 1997, is 3.0. SEAL, covered by two patents in the United States, both of which are assigned to IBM.
Tankōbon
A tankōbon (単行本; lit. 'independent/standalone book') is a standard publishing format for books in Japan, alongside other formats such as shinsho (17×11 cm paperback books) and bunkobon. Used as a loanword in English, the term specifically refers to a printed collection of a manga that was previously published in a serialized format. Manga tankōbon typically contain a handful of chapters, and may collect multiple volumes as a series continues publication.

Major publishing imprints for tankōbon of manga include Jump Comics (for serials in Shueisha's Weekly Shōnen Jump and other Jump magazines), Kodansha's Shōnen Magazine Comics, Shogakukan's Shōnen Sunday Comics, and Akita Shoten’s Shōnen Champion Comics.

International standard paper sizes
ISO 216 is an international standard for paper sizes, used around the world except in North America and parts of Latin America. The standard defines the "A", "B" and "C" series of paper sizes, which includes the A4, the most commonly available paper size worldwide. Two supplementary standards, ISO 217 and ISO 269, define related paper sizes.

All ISO 216, ISO 217 and ISO 269 paper sizes (except some envelopes) have the same aspect ratio, √2:1, within rounding to millimetres. This ratio has the unique property that when cut or folded in half widthways, the halves also have the same aspect ratio. Each ISO paper size is one half of the area of the next larger size in the same series.
CloneCD
CloneCD is proprietary optical disc authoring software for ripping music and data CDs and DVDs, capable of making exact, 1:1 copies even of copy protected discs, bypassing several types of digital rights management (DRM).

CloneCD can rip discs to create disk image in its own file format, CloneCD Control File (.ccd), which is capable of storing disc subcode data.

CloneCD was originally written by Oliver Kastl and offered by Swiss company Elaborate Bytes, but due to changes in European copyright law, they were forced to take it off the market. The last version of CloneCD made by Elaborate Bytes was version 4.2.0.2. The software was subsequently sold by SlySoft, a company located in Antigua and Barbuda, whose legislation does not ban the circumvention of DRM schemes. Since 2016, it is sold by Belize/Latvia based RedFox.

As of June 2024 CloneCD is no longer available for purchase and appears to be abandoned.

Proprietary software
Proprietary software is software that grants its creator, publisher, or other rightsholder or rightsholder partner a legal monopoly by modern copyright and intellectual property law to exclude the recipient from freely sharing the software or modifying it, and—in some cases, as is the case with some patent-encumbered and EULA-bound software—from making use of the software on their own, thereby restricting their freedoms.

Proprietary software is a subset of non-free software, a term defined in contrast to free and open-source software; non-commercial licenses such as CC BY-NC are not deemed proprietary, but are non-free. Proprietary software may either be closed-source software or source-available software.
Babina Assembly constituency
Babina is a constituency of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly covering the city of Babina in the Jhansi district of Uttar Pradesh, India. Babina is one of five assembly constituencies in the Jhansi Lok Sabha constituency. Since 2008, this assembly constituency has numbered 222 amongst 403 constituencies.

Currently, this seat belongs to Bharatiya Janta Party candidate Rajeev Singh Parichha who won in the last Assembly election of 2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Elections defeating Samajwadi Party candidate Yashpal Singh Yadav by a margin of 44,529 votes.

Jhansi district
Jhansi district is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. The city of Jhansi is the district headquarters. The district is bordered on the north by Jalaun District, to the east by Hamirpur and Mahoba districts, to the south by Tikamgarh District of Madhya Pradesh state, to the southwest by Lalitpur District, which is joined to Jhansi District by a narrow corridor, and on the east by the Datia and Bhind districts of Madhya Pradesh. Population 19,98,603 (2011 census). Lalitpur District, which extends into the hill country to the south, was added to Jhansi District in 1891, and made a separate district again in 1974.
2025 Africa Cup of Nations qualification Group B
Group B of the 2025 Africa Cup of Nations qualification was one of twelve groups that decided which teams which qualified for the 2025 Africa Cup of Nations final tournament in Morocco. The group consisted of four teams: finals hosts Morocco, Gabon, Central African Republic and Lesotho.

The teams played against each other in a home-and-away round-robin format between September and November 2024.

Gabon, the group runners-up, joined Morocco, the group winners and tournament hosts, in qualifying for the 2025 Africa Cup of Nations.

2025 Africa Cup of Nations qualification
The 2025 Africa Cup of Nations qualification matches were organised by the Confederation of African Football (CAF) to decide the participating teams of the 2025 Africa Cup of Nations in Morocco, the 35th edition of the international men's football championship of Africa. The qualification began with the preliminary round, which ran from 20 to 26 March 2024, and concluded with the group stage, which was played in September, October and November, all in 2024. A total of 24 teams qualified to play in the final tournament, including automatically-qualified hosts Morocco.
La Grande Dame
Yannick "Yann" Martin (born March 19, 1999), known by the stage names La Grande Dame and Yann, is a French drag queen, singer-songwriter, and model. He rose to prominence as a contestant on the first season of Drag Race France in 2022 and the second series of RuPaul's Drag Race: UK vs. the World in 2024, reaching the finale in both.

RuPaul's Drag Race: UK vs. the World series 2
The second series of RuPaul's Drag Race: UK vs. the World began airing on BBC Three and BBC iPlayer on 9 February 2024. RuPaul returned to his role of main host and head judge, and again was joined on the judging panel by Michelle Visage, Alan Carr and Graham Norton, all of whom are judges on RuPaul's Drag Race UK.

In addition to the previous series' prize it was confirmed that, for this series, a cash prize of £50,000 is up for grabs.

The series concluded on 29 March 2024, in a finale that was won by Tia Kofi, who was previously a contestant on the second series of RuPaul's Drag Race UK.
The Perfect Thing
The Perfect Thing: How the iPod Shuffles Commerce, Culture, and Coolness is a book written by Steven Levy, an American journalist. It covers the growth of the idea of Apple's very own iPod, from its origins before its introduction in 2001 to its development to the iPod Nano and the fifth-generation video iPod.

IPod Nano
The iPod Nano (stylized and marketed as iPod nano) is a discontinued portable media player designed and formerly marketed by Apple. The first-generation model was introduced on September 7, 2005, as a replacement for the iPod Mini, using flash memory for storage. The iPod Nano went through several models, or generations, after its introduction. Apple discontinued the iPod Nano on July 27, 2017.
Litoria viranula
Litoria viranula is a species of frog in the family Hylidae, endemic to New Guinea. It is in the same species group with Litoria bicolor.

The male adult frog measures about 23.5 mm in snout-vent length and the female about 26.4 mm. Its head is longer than it is wide and its pupils are horizontal. The front feet usually have almost no webbing and the hind feet have lots of webbing.  The skin of the dorsum is bright green and there is a bronze stripe on its back. It has darker patches on its legs and middle.

This frog lives in forests near the Digul River and Fly River. The female lays eggs in flowing water and in temporarily flooded environments.

The Latin name of this species viranula is a combination of viridis and ranula for green and frog.

Northern dwarf tree frog
The northern dwarf tree frog (Litoria bicolor) is a small species of tree frog native to northern Australia, from the Kimberly region of Western Australia to Bowen, Queensland, and Aru Islands of Indonesia.

These small frogs are also commonly called sedge frogs.

The population occurring in Indonesia may not be L. bicolor, and research on call structure or genetics is needed to confirm its taxonomic status.
Game Editor
Game Editor is a 2D game authoring package. It supports multi-platform development to iPhone, iPad, Mac OS X, Windows (Windows 95-Windows 10), Android, Linux, Windows Mobile-based Smartphones, GP2X, Pocket PCs, and Handheld PCs. Compatibility with these platforms is mentioned on Game Discovery, a popular site for game developers, among other software like The 3D Gamemaker, DarkBASIC, and GameMaker.

Game Editor was created by Makslane Rodrigues, who has been developing it since 2002. The current version is 1.4.0 from 2010, with the latest beta 1.4.1 being from 2013; it is still considered to be a work in progress. On February 2, 2021, work on a proprietary Game-Editor 2 was announced, reimplementing it atop of GTK and ORX.

GameMaker
GameMaker (originally Animo, Game Maker (until 2011) and GameMaker Studio) is a series of cross-platform game engines created by Mark Overmars in 1999 and developed by YoYo Games since 2007.  The latest iteration of GameMaker was released in 2022.

GameMaker accommodates the creation of cross-platform and multi-genre video games using a custom drag-and-drop visual programming language or a scripting language known as Game Maker Language (GML), which can be used to develop more advanced games. GameMaker was originally designed to allow novice programmers to be able to make computer games without much programming knowledge by use of these actions. Recent versions of software also focus on appealing to advanced developers.
Synaptula spinifera
Synaptula spinifera is a species of sea cucumber from the family Synaptidae, the worm-like sea cucumbers. The species was first described from the anchialine lagoon of Kakaban island, part of Indonesia's Derawan Islands, and is thought to be endemic to that waterbody.

Synaptidae
Synaptidae is a family of sea cucumbers that have no tube feet, tentacle ampullae, retractor muscles, respiratory trees, or cuvierian tubules.  They also lack radial canals of the water-vascular system, with only the circumoral ring present.

Synaptids have elongated bodies, and their size varies significantly from small to quite large. Synapta maculata grows to two metres in length. They are quite active, moving by means of waves of peristaltic contractions. Their tegument is somewhat sticky because of the anchor-like spicules that project through the skin.
Jaime Alvar Ezquerra
Jaime Alvar Ezquerra (born April 20, 1955) is a Spanish historian, author and professor at the Charles III University of Madrid, specializing in ancient history.

He was born in Granada, studied Geography and History at the Complutense University of Madrid, and later continued his studies at the University of Cologne (1980-1981). He taught at the Complutense University between 1977 and 1996, the year in which he became professor in Huelva. He was a visiting professor at the University of Cambridge in 1999-2000. He has been a professor at the Charles III University of Madrid since 2000. He has been a visiting professor at the University of Tor Vergata (Rome, Italy), Franche-Comté (France) and Potsdam (Germany). He is the older brother of Alfredo Alvar Ezquerra of the Spanish National Research Council and the younger brother of Carlos Alvar Ezquerra, Romanic philologist. Their father was Manuel Alvar Ezquerra, prominent Spanish philologist.

Alfredo Alvar
Alfredo Alvar Ezquerra (Granada, 1960) is a Spanish historian, research professor at the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) and modern history specialist.  He is a correspondent academician at the Royal Academy of History and associated professor at the Complutense University of Madrid.

He is son to Manuel Alvar, a prominent Spanish philologist.
WANG
WANG (1490 AM) is a radio station licensed to Biloxi, Mississippi. Owned by Telesouth Communications, it broadcasts a talk radio format. The station was simulcast on 1640 WTNI, as well as translator station W292GD on 106.3 FM.

Biloxi, Mississippi
Biloxi (/bɪˈlʌksi/ ⓘ bih-LUK-see; French: [bilusi]) is a city in Harrison County, Mississippi, United States. It lies on the Gulf Coast in southern Mississippi, bordering the city of Gulfport to its west. The adjacent cities are both designated as seats of Harrison County. The population of Biloxi was 49,449 at the 2020 census, making it the state's fourth-most populous city. It is a principal city of the Gulfport–Biloxi metropolitan area, home to 416,259 residents in 2020. The area's first European settlers were French colonists.

The beachfront of Biloxi lies directly on the Mississippi Sound, with barrier islands scattered off the coast and into the Gulf of Mexico. Keesler Air Force Base lies within the city and is home to the 81st Training Wing and the 403rd Wing of the U.S. Air Force Reserve.
(E)-4-Hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate
(E)-4-Hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate (HMBPP or HMB-PP) is an intermediate of the  MEP pathway (non-mevalonate pathway) of isoprenoid biosynthesis. The enzyme HMB-PP synthase (GcpE, IspG) catalyzes the conversion of 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate (MEcPP) into HMB-PP. HMB-PP is then converted further to isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP) by HMB-PP reductase (LytB, IspH).

HMB-PP is an essential metabolite in most pathogenic bacteria including Mycobacterium tuberculosis as well as in malaria parasites, but is absent from the human host.

HMB-PP is the physiological activator ("phosphoantigen") for human Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells, the major γδ T cell population in peripheral blood. With a bioactivity of 0.1 nM it is 10,000-10,000,000 times more potent than any other natural compound, such as IPP or alkyl amines. HMB-PP functions in this capacity by binding the B30.2 domain of BTN3A1.

2-C-Methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclopyrophosphate
2-C-Methyl-d-erythritol-2,4-cyclopyrophosphate (MEcPP) (also 2-C-Methyl-d-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate) is an intermediate in the MEP pathway (non-mevalonate) of isoprenoid precursor biosynthesis. MEcPP is produced by MEcPP synthase (IspF) and is a substrate for HMB-PP synthase (IspG).

Under conditions of oxidative stress, MEcPP accumulates in certain bacteria. MEcPP releases histone-like proteins from DNA, triggering nucleoid decondensation in Chlamydia trachomatis during the process of terminal differentiation. Abiotic stresses to plants, including wounding and excessive high-light exposure, lead to an increase in MEcPP accumulation in chloroplasts. Transported from the chloroplast to the plant cell nucleus, MEcPP engages in retrograde signalling that leads to the specific induction of nuclear-encoded stress-response genes.
City One (constituency)
City One is one of the 36 constituencies in the Sha Tin District in Hong Kong. The constituency returns one district councillor to the Sha Tin District Council, with an election every four years.

The City One constituency is loosely based on part of the City One in Sha Tin with an estimated population of 15,938.

Sha Tin
Sha Tin, also spelt Shatin, is a neighbourhood along Shing Mun River in the eastern New Territories, Hong Kong. Administratively, it is part of the Sha Tin District. Sha Tin is one of the neighbourhoods of the Sha Tin New Town project.

The new town was founded in 1973 under the New Towns Development Programme of the Hong Kong government. Its current name was named after the nearby village of Sha Tin Wai.  The literal English translation is 'Sand Fields'.
Nora Cullen
Nora Cullen (1905–1990) was an Argentine actress. Cullen starred in several films with director Leonardo Favio, including El dependiente (1969), Nazareno Cruz y el Lobo (1975) and Soñar, soñar (1976). For her performance opposite Walter Vidarte and Graciela Borges in El dependiente, the Argentine Film Critics Association awarded her the Silver Condor Award for Best Supporting Actress in 1970. Cullen also worked in TV and radio and on television she was known for her role in La pasión de Florencio Sánchez opposite Alfredo Alcón. In radio theatre she worked on Radio Splendid. Guillermo Battaglia, who also featured with her, became her husband.

Graciela Borges
Graciela Borges (Spanish pronunciation: [ɡɾaˈsjela ˈβoɾxes]; born Graciela Noemí Zabala; June 10, 1941) is an Argentine  television and film actress.

Borges was born in Dolores.  Having made her film debut at 14, she has acted in over fifty films and was featured in 2006 in Vogue Paris as "the great actress of Argentine cinema".

In 2002, Borges received her first Silver Condor Award for Best Actress for her role in Lucrecia Martel's highly acclaimed La ciénaga. In 2015, the Argentine Film Critics Association recognized her with a lifetime achievement Silver Condor Award.
Catholic University of Madagascar
The Catholic University of Madagascar (UCM; French: Université Catholique de Madagascar; Malagasy: Oniversite Katolika eto Madagasikara) is a private university located in Antananarivo, Madagascar. Founded in 1960 as an institute within the Major Seminary of Antananarivo, it later became an independent institute. It gained accreditation from the Malagasy government in 2000, and in 2011 took its present name.

The university is located in the heart of Antananarivo, Madagascar's capital city. The campus includes a large historic building and a sizable amphitheatre. Academics are split between four departments: the Social Sciences, Theology, Philosophy, and Psychology. The university contains a research center, publishes two scientific journals, and has partnerships with multiple international universities. The university is under the supervision of the Episcopal Conference of Madagascar, and is the only university affiliated with the Catholic Church in Madagascar.

University of Rennes 1
The University of Rennes 1 was a public university located in Rennes, France. It was founded in 1970, after splitting of the historic University of Rennes into two universities. On January 1, 2023, the University of Rennes 1 merged with five grandes écoles: Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Santé Publique, École nationale supérieure de chimie de Rennes, ENS Rennes, INSA Rennes and Sciences-Po Rennes to create the new University of Rennes.
WHAT (AM)
WHAT (1340 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. The station is owned by VM Broadcasting. It airs a Spanish-language contemporary hit radio format. It was one of the first radio stations in Philadelphia, going on the air in 1922.

WHAT is powered at 1,000 watts. The transmitter is on Conshohocken Avenue, near Fairmount Park.  Programming is also heard on 50-watt FM translator W260CZ at 99.9 MHz. It uses its FM dial position for its moniker "La Kalle 99.9" (The Street).

Public Ledger (Philadelphia)
The Public Ledger was a daily newspaper in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, published from March 25, 1836, to January 1942. Its motto was "Virtue, Liberty, and Independence". It was Philadelphia's most widely-circulated newspaper for a period, but its circulation began declining in the mid-1930s. The newspaper also operated a syndicate, the Ledger Syndicate, from 1915 until 1946.
Somali languages
The Somali languages form a group that are part of the Afro-Asiatic language family. They are spoken as a mother tongue by ethnic Somalis in Horn of Africa and the Somali diaspora. Even with linguistic differences, Somalis collectively view themselves as speaking dialects of a common language.

Some neighboring populations and individuals have also adopted the languages. Somali is for instance used as a second language by speakers of Girirra.

Benadiri Somali
Benadiri Somali, also referred to as "Coastal Somali" (Somali: Af Reer Xamar), is a dialect of the Somali language. It is primarily spoken by the Benadiri people, who inhabit the southern Banaadir coast of Somalia and into Kenya.
Knockaire Stakes
The Knockaire Stakes is a Listed flat horse race in Ireland open to thoroughbreds aged three years or older. It is run at Leopardstown over a distance of 7 furlongs (1,408 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in October.

Leopardstown Racecourse
Leopardstown Racecourse 53°15′57″N 6°11′21″W﻿ / ﻿53.26583°N 6.18917°W﻿ / 53.26583; -6.18917 is a horse-racing course in Leopardstown, approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) south of Dublin city centre, in Ireland. Like the majority of Irish courses, it hosts both National Hunt and Flat racing.

Built by Captain George Quin and modelled on Sandown Park Racecourse in England, it was completed in 1888 and acquired by the Horse Racing Board of Ireland in 1967. Many important races are held there; racing takes place all year round, with about 22 meetings per year.

In 1941, Royal Air Force pilot Hugh Verity, who flew many secret agents at night into and out of farm fields in France, force-landed on the racecourse. He was interned briefly before escaping back to England.

The Leopardstown Hall of Fame honours famous Irish horse racing trainers, jockeys and horses, including Vincent O'Brien, Tom Dreaper, Pat Taaffe and Pat Eddery, Arkle, Dawn Run, Levmoss and Nijinsky.
Johnson Banks
Johnson Banks is a design consultancy in London founded in 1992 by Michael Johnson. The company specialises in brand consultancy and visual identity systems, focusing on work in the cultural, government and charity sectors.

Design and Art Direction
Design and Art Direction (D&AD), formerly known as British Design and Art Direction, is a British educational organisation that was created in 1962 to promote excellence in design and advertising. Its main offices are in Spitalfields in London. It is most famous for its annual awards, the D&AD Pencils. The highest award given by D&AD, the Black Pencil, is not necessarily awarded every year.