hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Żegota
Żegota (pronounced [ʐɛˈɡɔta] ⓘ, full codename: the "Konrad Żegota Committee") was the Polish Council to Aid Jews with the Government Delegation for Poland (Polish: Rada Pomocy Żydom przy Delegaturze Rządu RP na Kraj), an underground Polish resistance organization, and part of the Polish Underground State, active 1942–45 in German-occupied Poland. Żegota was the successor institution to the Provisional Committee to Aid Jews and was established specifically to save Jews. Poland was the only country in German-occupied Europe where such a government-established and -supported underground organization existed.

Estimates of the number of Jews that Żegota provided aid to, and eventually saved, range from several thousands to tens of thousands.

Operatives of Żegota worked in extreme circumstances – under threat of death by the Nazi forces.

German retribution against Poles who helped Jews
During the Holocaust in Poland, 1939–1945, German occupation authorities engaged in repressive measures against non-Jewish Polish citizens who helped Jews persecuted by Nazi Germany.

The orders of the German occupation authorities, in particular the ordinance of General Governor Hans Frank of 15 October 1941, provided for the death penalty for any Pole who gave shelter to a Jew or helped him in any other way. In practice, the range of penalties applied to persons who helped Jews was wide, including fines, confiscation of property, beatings, imprisonment, deportation to Nazi concentration camps, and the death penalty. Pursuant to the principle of collective responsibility applied by the Germans, families of those who helped Jews, and sometimes entire local communities, were subject to retribution.

The exact number of Poles executed by the Germans for helping Jews has not yet been exactly determined. Estimates range from several hundred to several thousand persons.
Hawaii statistical areas
The U.S. State of Hawaiʻi currently has four statistical areas that have been delineated by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). On July 21, 2023, the OMB delineated two metropolitan statistical areas and two micropolitan statistical areas in Hawaiʻi. As of 2023, the most populous of these is the Urban Honolulu, HI MSA, anchored by Hawaiʻi's capital and largest city, Honolulu, on the island of Oahu.

Core-based statistical area
A core-based statistical area (CBSA) is a U.S. geographic area defined by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). It contains a large population nucleus, or urban area, and adjacent communities that have a high degree of integration with that nucleus.

On July 15, 2015, the OMB released new standards based on the 2010 census. These standards are used to replace the definitions of metropolitan areas from the 2010 United States census data.
Rubus hirtus
Rubus hirtus is a species of flowering plant in the Rubus section (the blackberries) of the genus Rubus, family Rosaceae. It is native to most of southern and central Europe, as well as Belarus, Ukraine, the Caucasus and Turkey. A woodland species, its distribution largely corresponds to that of the beeches Fagus sylvatica and the closely related F. orientalis.

Blackberry
The blackberry is an edible fruit produced by many species in the genus Rubus in the family Rosaceae, hybrids among these species within the subgenus Rubus, and hybrids between the subgenera Rubus and Idaeobatus. The taxonomy of blackberries has historically been confused because of hybridization and apomixis so that species have often been grouped together and called species aggregates.

Blackberry fruit production is abundant with annual volumes of 20,000 pounds (9,100 kg) per 1 acre (0.40 ha) possible, making this plant commercially attractive.

Rubus armeniacus (Himalayan or Armenian blackberry) is considered a noxious weed and invasive species in many regions of the Pacific Northwest of Canada and the United States, where it grows out of control in urban and suburban parks and woodlands.
Hazy Sighted Link State Routing Protocol
The Hazy-Sighted Link State Routing Protocol (HSLS) is a wireless mesh network routing protocol being developed by the CUWiN Foundation.  This is an algorithm allowing computers communicating via digital radio in a mesh network to forward messages to computers that are out of reach of direct radio contact. Its network overhead is theoretically optimal, utilizing both proactive and reactive link-state routing to limit network updates in space and time. Its inventors believe it is a more efficient protocol to route wired networks as well.  HSLS was invented by researchers at BBN Technologies.

Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing
Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing is a routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) and other wireless ad hoc networks. It was jointly developed by Charles Perkins (Sun Microsystems) and Elizabeth Royer (now Elizabeth Belding) (University of California, Santa Barbara) and was first published in the ACM 2nd IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications in February 1999.

AODV is the routing protocol used in Zigbee – a low power, low data rate wireless ad hoc network. There are various implementations of AODV such as MAD-HOC, Kernel-AODV, AODV-UU, AODV-UCSB and AODV-UIUC.

The original publication of AODV won the SIGMOBILE Test of Time Award in 2018.  According to Google Scholar, this publication reached 30,000 citations at the end of 2022.  AODV was published in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) as Experimental RFC 3561 in 2003.
A-type proanthocyanidin
A type proanthocyanidins are a specific type of proanthocyanidins, which are a class of flavonoid. Proanthocyanidins fall under a wide range of names in the nutritional and scientific vernacular, including oligomeric proanthocyanidins, flavonoids, polyphenols, condensed tannins, and OPCs. Proanthocyanidins were first popularized by French scientist Jacques Masquelier.

Catechin
Catechin /ˈkætɪkɪn/ is a flavan-3-ol, a type of secondary metabolite providing antioxidant roles in plants. It belongs to the subgroup of polyphenols called flavonoids.

The name of the catechin chemical family derives from catechu, which is the tannic juice or boiled extract of Mimosa catechu (Acacia catechu L.f.).
Vladimir Nikolovski
Vladimir "Vlado" Nikolovski (Macedonian: Владимир "Владо" Николовски, born 25 August 1936) is a former Macedonian footballer. He became known as the first in a long line of Macedonian players to play for Red Star Belgrade.

1958–59 Yugoslav First League
The 1958–59 Yugoslav First League season was the 13th season of the First Federal League (Serbo-Croatian: Prva savezna liga), the top level association football league of SFR Yugoslavia, since its establishment in 1946. Twelve teams contested the competition, with Red Star winning their fifth title.
Franciscan Cup
The Franciscan Cup is an annual men's basketball contest played between two of the three NCAA Division I Association of Franciscan Colleges and Universities member schools.

The annual non-conference men's basketball game allows the winner between Siena and St. Bonaventure to retain the Franciscan Cup until the following year's game.

Prior to the creation of the Franciscan Cup, the two teams had played semi-regularly with St. Bonaventure leading the series with a 25–8 record.  The first ever meeting occurred during the 1939–1940 season with St. Bonaventure earning a 51–43 victory.

St. Bonaventure Bonnies men's basketball
The St. Bonaventure Bonnies men's basketball (formerly the St. Bonaventure Brown Indians) team is the college basketball team that represents St. Bonaventure University, located near the city of Olean, New York. The school's team currently competes in the Atlantic 10 Conference and plays its home games at the Reilly Center. The Bonnies are currently coached by all-time coaching wins leader Mark Schmidt, who during his 12th season surpassed former coach Larry Weise with his 203rd victory.
Flavored fortified wine
Flavored fortified wine or tonic wine is inexpensive fortified wine that typically has an alcohol content between 13% and 20% alcohol by volume (ABV). They are made from various fruits (including grapes and citrus fruits) with added sugar, artificial flavor, and artificial color. These wines are referred to by a number of slang terms, including Sneaky Pete, Bum wine, Brown bag vino and Ghetto wine.

Port wine
Port wine (Portuguese: vinho do Porto, Portuguese: [ˈviɲu ðu ˈpoɾtu]; lit. 'wine of Porto'), or simply port, is a Portuguese fortified wine produced in the Douro Valley of northern Portugal. It is typically a sweet red wine, often served with dessert, although it also comes in dry, semi-dry, and white varieties.

Port wine is quite different from other wines because of its distinctive characteristics, which includes an intense taste and aroma, rich flavor, varying degree of sweetness and a relatively high alcohol content, typically between 19% and 22% by volume. As a result of the winemaking technique used, Port wines occur in various color styles including red Ports (which comes in various shades like: tawny, golden and light gold) and white Ports which range from pale yellow, straw and golden white.

In the European Union as well as in the United States, only wines from Portugal are allowed to be labelled "port".
Myocardial disarray
Myocardial disarray, also known as myocyte disarray, is a term to describe the loss of the normal parallel alignment of myocytes (the muscle cells of the heart).  Instead, the myocytes usually form circles around foci of connective tissue.  Myocardial disarray is associated with myocardial fibrosis (the replacement of the myocytes with non-contractile scar tissue).

Myocardial disarray can be seen in a number of disease states, including:

Aortic stenosis

Congenital heart disease

Hypertensive heart disease

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

The common factor amongst all these diseases is that they all cause varying degrees of remodelling (myocardial fibrosis) of the ventricles.

Myocardial scarring
Myocardial scarring is the accumulation of fibrous tissue resulting after some form of trauma to the cardiac tissue. Fibrosis is the formation of excess tissue in replacement of necrotic or extensively damaged tissue. Fibrosis in the heart is often hard to detect because fibromas, scar tissue or small tumors formed in one cell line, are often formed. Because they are so small, they can be hard to detect by methods such as magnetic resonance imaging. A cell line is a path of fibrosis that follow only a line of cells.
Braeside Halt
Braeside Halt (Manx: Stadd Braeside) is a stopping place on the Manx Electric Railway on the Isle of Man and is located on the first section of the inter-urban line a short distance from its southernmost terminus.

Manx Electric Railway
The Manx Electric Railway (Manx: Raad Yiarn Lectragh Vannin) is an electric interurban tramway connecting Douglas, Laxey and Ramsey in the Isle of Man. It connects with the Douglas Bay Horse Tramway at its southern terminus at Derby Castle at the northern end of the promenade in Douglas, and with the Snaefell Mountain Railway at Laxey. Many visitors take an excursion on the trams. It is the oldest electric tram line in the world whose original rolling stock is still in service.
Sofia Jakobsson
Eva Sofia Jakobsson (Swedish: [eːva sʊfiːa ˈjɑ̌ːkɔbˌsɔn]; born 23 April 1990) is a Swedish professional footballer who plays for Toluca and the Sweden women's national football team.

She made her debut for the Sweden women's national football team in 2011 and won her 100th cap in 2019. Jakobsson represented her country in the 2013 edition of the UEFA Women's Championship, as well as at the 2011, 2015, and 2019 FIFA Women's World Cups. She also played at the 2012, 2016, and 2020 Olympic football tournaments.

Football at the 2016 Summer Olympics
The association football tournament at the 2016 Summer Olympics was held from 3 to 20 August in Brazil.

In addition to the Olympic host city of Rio de Janeiro, matches were played in Belo Horizonte, Brasília, Salvador, São Paulo, and Manaus. All six cities hosted matches during the 2014 World Cup, with the Estádio Olímpico João Havelange in Rio de Janeiro the only Olympic venue not to have been a World Cup venue.

Associations affiliated with FIFA might send teams to participate in the tournament. Men's teams were restricted to under-23 players (born on or after 1 January 1993) with a maximum of three overage players allowed, while there were no age restrictions on women's teams. The Games made use of about 400 footballs.
Ranunculus austro-oreganus
Ranunculus austro-oreganus, the Southern Oregon buttercup, is a plant species endemic to the region around Medford, Oregon. It grows on grassy areas at elevations less than 500 m (1650 feet).

Ranunculus austro-oreganus is an erect to ascending herb not rooting at the nodes. Leaves are 3-parted, up to 5 cm (2 inches) long and about as wide. Flower petals are each up to 12 mm (0.5 inches) long, yellow with prominent red veins visible on the back but not on the front. Achenes are hemispheric with a persistent straight or curved beak. The species is closely related to R. occidentalis.

Ranunculus occidentalis
Ranunculus occidentalis, the western buttercup, is a species of buttercup found in the western regions of North America. Its distribution extends from Alaska through British Columbia and Alberta to central California. The flower can be seen in open meadows, forests, and other generally flat areas up to an elevation of 2,200 metres (7,200 ft).

Aleut first nations may have used juice from the plant as a poison, its toxicity arising from the substance protoanemonin. Shasta first nations coincided blooming Ranunculus occidentalis with salmon runs in the summer. The seeds were used to make pinole, a staple food.

This plant is similar to, and sometimes difficult to distinguish from, the California buttercup (Ranunculus californicus).
1973 Grand Prix (tennis)
The 1973 Commercial Union Assurance Grand Prix was a tennis circuit administered by the International Lawn Tennis Federation (ILTF) which served as a forerunner to the current Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) World Tour and the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) Tour. The circuit consisted of the four modern Grand Slam tournaments and open tournaments recognised by the ILTF. Bonus points were awarded to players who were nominated to play in certain 1973 Davis Cup ties and who missed tournaments through competing in those ties. The Commercial Union Assurance Masters is included in this calendar but did not count towards the Grand Prix.

1973 Commercial Union Assurance Masters
The 1973 Masters (also known as the 1973 Commercial Union Assurance Masters for sponsorship reasons) was a tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at Hynes Auditorium in Boston, Massachusetts in the United States. Mateflex is a soft plastic, interlocking tile court, with the slower ball speed of clay but the low maintenance of a hard surface. It was the fourth edition of the Masters Grand Prix and was held from December 4 through December 8, 1973. Ilie Năstase won his third consecutive Masters title and earned $15,000 prize money.
2012 BMW Open
The 2012 BMW Open (also known as The BMW Open by FWU Takaful 2012 for sponsorship reasons) was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 97th edition of the event. It was part of the ATP World Tour 250 series of the 2012 ATP World Tour. It took place at the MTTC Iphitos complex in Munich, Germany, from 30 April through 6 May 2012. Fourth-seeded Philipp Kohlschreiber won the singles title.

Bavarian International Tennis Championships
The Bavarian International Tennis Championships (German: Internationale Tennis-Meisterschaften von Bayern), known since 1990 by its sponsored name BMW Open, is a men's tennis tournament held at the MTTC Iphitos in Munich, Germany. The tournament is played on outdoor clay courts as part of the ATP Tour calendar. In 2025, it was upgraded to an ATP 500 level event.
Founded in 1899 as a combined men's and women's event, it is also known as the  Bavarian Open.
Anhydrophryne
Anhydrophryne is a genus of frogs in the family Pyxicephalidae, formerly in Petropedetidae. It is endemic to South Africa. Until recently, the genus was monotypic, containing only Anhydrophryne rattrayi, until it absorbed two more species formerly classified as belonging to genus Arthroleptella.

Hewitt's moss frog
Hewitt's moss frog (Anhydrophryne hewitti), also known as Natal chirping frog or yellow bandit frog, is a species of frog in the  Pyxicephalidae family. It is found in the Drakensberg mountains of South Africa, possibly including adjacent Lesotho.

Anhydrophryne hewitti populations are small and fragmented, found in pockets of forest and dense vegetation. Breeding takes place in wet mossy areas near waterfalls and rapids. Eggs are laid in moss and leaf-litter. The eggs develop directly without a free-living tadpole stage.
Remmina
Remmina is a free and open source remote desktop client for POSIX-based computer operating systems. It supports the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP), VNC, NX, XDMCP, SPICE, X2Go and SSH protocols and uses FreeRDP as foundation.

Simple Protocol for Independent Computing Environments
In computing, SPICE (the Simple Protocol for Independent Computing Environments) is a remote-display system built for virtual environments which allows users to view a computing  "desktop" environment – not only on its computer-server machine, but also from anywhere on the Internet –  using a wide variety of machine architectures.

Qumranet originally developed SPICE using a closed-source codebase in 2007. Red Hat, Inc acquired Qumranet in 2008,  and in December 2009 released the code under an open-source license and made the protocol an open standard.
Gezira (Cairo)
Gezira is an island in the Nile, in central Cairo, Egypt. The southern portion of the island contains the Gezira district, and the northern third contains the Zamalek district. Gezira is the Egyptian Arabic word for island. Gezira is west of downtown Cairo and Tahrir Square, connected across the Nile by four bridges each on the east and west sides, the Qasr El Nil Bridge, 15 May Bridge, Al-Gala'a Bridge and 6th October Bridge.

Under 19th century ruler Khedive Ismail the island was first called "Jardin des Plantes" (French for "Garden of Plants"), because of its great collection of exotic plants shipped from all over the world.

Downtown Cairo
Downtown Cairo (Egyptian Arabic: وسط البلد Wust al-Balad, "middle of town") is the colloquial name given to the 19th-century western expansion of Egypt's capital Cairo, between the historic medieval Cairo, and the Nile, which became the commercial center of the city during the 20th century. Given its rich architectural heritage from the era of Khedive Ismail, it has been officially named Khedival Cairo and declared by the government as a protected Area of Value, with many of its buildings also deemed protected.

Administratively Wust al-Balad covers areas of qism Qasr al-Nil, and the Abdeen and Azbakeya districts. The protected Khedival Cairo covers a larger area extending south to Sayeda Zeinab.
Kivarz-e Sofla
Kivarz-e Sofla (Persian: كيورزسفلي, also Romanized as Kīvarz-e Sofla; also known as Kīvarz-e Pā’īn) is a village in Borborud-e Gharbi Rural District, in the Central District of Aligudarz County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 762, in 127 families.

Borborud-e Gharbi Rural District
Borborud-e Gharbi Rural District (Persian: دهستان بربرود غربی) is in Borborud-e Gharbi District of Aligudarz County, Lorestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Zazam. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Shahpurabad, now a city.
Uruli Kanchan
Uruli Kanchan is a village 33 km east from the city of Pune in the district of Pune, Maharashtra, India.
The village has been  famous for the last sixty years for the Naturopathy Center (Nisarg Upchar Ashram) started by Mahatma Gandhi and his disciple Manibhai Desai. The village is also the location of the BAIF Development Research Foundation, an NGO started by Manibhai Desai in the 1960s. BAIF is well known throughout India for its program of breeding high yielding livestock and promoting sustainable rural development.

Pune Metropolitan Region
Pune Metropolitan Region (PMR) is the metropolitan region around the city of Pune, India. According to practical purposes, PMR comprises two Municipal Corporations of PMC, PCMC and three Cantonment Boards, spread over an area of 7,256.46 km2. The population of the region as per 2011 census was 7,541,946. It Contributes 80% GDP to Pune District and 9.2% GDP to Maharashtra.

The Pune Metropolitan Region Development Authority (PMRDA) is the planning and development authority of the region formed. PMRDA is headed by the Chief Minister of Maharashtra, Devendra Fadnavis. Shri Yogesh Mhase, IAS, is the Metropolitan Commissioner. The authority is responsible for various town planning schemes, ring roads as well as Pune Metro (Line 3).
Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy
Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy (French pronunciation: [vɑ̃dœvʁ lɛ nɑ̃si], literally Vandœuvre near Nancy) is a commune in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department in north-eastern France. Its inhabitants are called Vandopériens.

École Polytechnique de l'Université de Lorraine
The École polytechnique de l'université de Lorraine (French pronunciation: [ekɔl pɔlitɛknik də lynivɛʁsite də lɔʁɛn]), or Polytech Nancy ([pɔlitɛk nɑ̃si]) is a French grande école located in Nancy. It was created in 1960 under the name of ISIN, was renamed Ecole Supérieure des Sciences et Technologies de l'Ingénieur de Nancy or ESSTIN in 1985. It merged into the University of Lorraine in 2012, and joined the Polytech Group in 2017. The school teaches to about 800 students at any given time, and, as of 2013, more than 4500 engineers have graduated.

The 5-year engineering formation delivers a Master of Science and includes a 2-year specialisation. At the end of the third year, the students have to choose between the 2 main axis of the formation : GEMMES (Mechanical engineering) or ISYS (Systems engineering), then they pick their specialty for the last year.
Phước Long, Bình Phước
Phước Long is a district-level town in Bình Phước Province, in the Southeast region of Vietnam. It was the site of the Battle of Phước Long, a decisive battle during the Vietnam War.

The current administrative unit was established in 2009 from part of former Phước Long District, including Thác Mơ township and Phước Bình township. It covers 119.38 km2 and has a population of 81.200 as of 2022. Bù Gia Mập District was established from the other part of Phước Long District.

The town has seven subdivisions, including Long Thủy, Thác Mơ, Sơn Giang, Phước Bình, Long Phước, and the communes of Long Giang and Phước Tín.

It borders Bù Đăng District to the east, Bù Gia Mập District to the north and Phú Riềng District to the west and south.

Phú Riềng district
Phú Riềng is a rural district of Bình Phước province in the Southeast region of Vietnam.

Phú Riềng district was formed from the southern portion of Bù Gia Mập district on May 11, 2015.

The district is subdivided to 8 rural communes: Bình Sơn, Bình Tân, Bù Nho, Long Bình, Long Hà, Long Hưng, Long Tân, Phú Riềng, Phú Trung, Phước Tân. The district capital lies at Bù Nho commune.