hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Glossary of cellular and molecular biology (0–L)
This glossary of cellular and molecular biology is a list of definitions of terms and concepts commonly used in the study of cell biology, molecular biology, and related disciplines, including genetics, biochemistry, and microbiology. It is split across two articles:

This page, Glossary of cellular and molecular biology (0–L), lists terms beginning with numbers and with the letters A through L.

Glossary of cellular and molecular biology (M–Z) lists terms beginning with the letters M through Z.

This glossary is intended as introductory material for novices (for more specific and technical detail, see the article corresponding to each term). It has been designed as a companion to Glossary of genetics and evolutionary biology, which contains many overlapping and related terms; other related glossaries include Glossary of virology and Glossary of chemistry.

Glossary of virology
This glossary of virology is a list of definitions of terms and concepts used in virology, the study of viruses, particularly in the description of viruses and their actions. Related fields include microbiology, molecular biology, and genetics.
Iwamatsu
33°07′25″N 132°31′22″E﻿ / ﻿33.1235°N 132.5227°E﻿ / 33.1235; 132.5227
Iwamatsu is the center in the historic port town of Tsushima (Tsushima-cho) in Ehime Prefecture, Japan. Iwamatsu is located near the Iwamatsu River mouth that debouches into Seto Inland Sea. In 2005, Tsushima along with Yoshida and Mima were absorbed into the city of Uwajima.

Yoshida, Ehime
Yoshida (吉田町, Yoshida-chō) was a town located in Kitauwa District, Ehime Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 12,418 and a density of 257.85 persons per km2. The total area was 48.16 km2.

On August 1, 2005, Yoshida, along with the towns of Mima and Tsushima (all from Kitauwa District), was merged into the expanded city of Uwajima.
Kuwait Finance House
Kuwait Finance House (Arabic: بيت التمويل الكويتي) (KFH) was established in the State of Kuwait, in 1977, as the first bank operating in accordance with the Islamic Shari'a rulings. KFH is listed on the Kuwait Stock Exchange (KSE), with a market capitalization of $8.2 billion (KWD 2.49 billion) as of May 2016. Assets total $55.52 billion (KWD 16.83 billion) and deposits amount to $34.97 billion (KWD 10.66 billion.)

Kuwaiti dinar
The Kuwaiti dinar (Arabic: دينار كويتي‎, code: KWD) is the currency of Kuwait. It is sub-divided into 1,000 fulūs.

As of 2026, the Kuwaiti dinar is the currency with the highest value per base unit, with KD 1 equalling US$3.28, ahead of the Bahraini dinar, equalling US$2.65 and the Omani rial at US$2.60.
Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Costume Design
The Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Costume Design is one of the Critics' Choice Movie Awards given to people working in the film industry by the Critics Choice Association. It was first given out in 2009. Only three times (in 2016, 2019, and 2023) has it not lined up with the winner of the Academy Award for Best Costume Design.

Critics' Choice Awards
The Critics' Choice Awards (formerly known as the Broadcast Film Critics Association Award) is an awards show presented annually by the American Critics Choice Association (CCA) to honor the finest in cinematic achievement. Written ballots are submitted during a week-long nominating period, and the resulting nominees are announced in December. The winners chosen by subsequent voting are revealed at the annual Critics' Choice Movie Awards ceremony in January. Additionally, special awards are given out at the discretion of the BFCA Board of Directors.
Mount Majestic (Utah)
Mount Majestic, also known as Majestic Mountain, is a 6,956-foot (2,120 m) elevation Navajo Sandstone double-summit mountain located in Zion National Park, in Washington County of southwest Utah, United States.

Navajo Sandstone
The Navajo Sandstone is a geological formation in the Glen Canyon Group that is spread across the U.S. states of southern Nevada, northern Arizona, northwest Colorado, and Utah as part of the Colorado Plateau province of the United States.
Tukituki (electorate)
Tukituki is a New Zealand parliamentary electorate, and it returns one Member of Parliament to the New Zealand House of Representatives. It was established for the 1996 general election and is named after the Tukituki River. The current member for Tukituki is Catherine Wedd of the National Party, who won the seat from first-term Labour MP Anna Lorck at the 2023 general election.

New Zealand electorates
An electorate or electoral district (Māori: rohe pōti) is a geographic constituency used for electing a member (MP) to the New Zealand Parliament. The size of electorates is determined such that all electorates have approximately the same electoral population.

Before 1996, all MPs were directly chosen for office by the voters of an electorate. Thereafter, New Zealand's electoral system provides that some (in practice, the majority) of the usually 120 seats in Parliament are filled by electorate representatives with the remainder being filled from party lists in order to achieve proportional representation among parties. The number of electorates changes periodically, in line with national population growth. Starting from the 2020 general election, there are 72 electorates including the Māori electorates.
Logone Occidental (region)
8°34′N 16°05′E﻿ / ﻿8.567°N 16.083°E﻿ / 8.567; 16.083

Logone Occidental is one of the 23 regions of Chad, which is located in the southwest of the country. Its capital is Moundou. It is coterminous with the former Logone Occidental Prefecture.

Provinces of Chad
The Republic of Chad is divided into 23 provinces.

Chad was divided into regions in 2002. It was previously divided into prefectures, and then departments.

On 10 August 2018, a new ordinance divided Chad into 23 provinces, 95 departments, and 365 communes. The names of the former regions remained the same but were now called provinces. On 4 July 2024, a new ordinance further divided the 23 provinces into 120 departments and 454 sub-prefectures.

Until 2025, the leaders of the provinces of Chad were known as governors. They are now called delegates general of the government.
Storvätteshågna
Storvätteshågna (in Sami: Gealta) is a peak of the Långfjället massif in the southern part of the Scandinavian mountain range, near Grövelsjön in Idre parish, Älvdalen Municipality.  It is the highest point in Dalarna and Svealand, with an altitude of 1,204 metres.

Älvdalen Municipality
Älvdalen Municipality (Swedish: Älvdalens kommun) is a municipality in Dalarna County in central Sweden. Its seat is located in the town of Älvdalen.

The two parishes Särna and Idre were ceded to Sweden from Norway under the treaty of Brömsebro on 13 August 1645. In 1971 the three municipalities Särna, Idre (which itself had been split off from Särna in 1916) and Älvdalen were amalgamated to form the present municipality.

Älvdalen literally means River Valley, a name stemming from the area around the town Älvdalen, situated along the Österdal River, in the municipality's southern part.

The middle part of the coat of arms is meant to depict the landscape: streams and hills.
Hard Hats
Hard Hats is the second studio album by Phil Beer, released in 1994, some 15–16 years after his previous solo album, Mandoline, though between those years he had worked on other albums with Paul Downes amongst other artists.

Being released around the same time as Beat about the Bush by Show of Hands, this album has a rocky edge to it, and was released on CD and cassette. Allmusic rated the album (mistakenly titled as Hard Cats) 2/5 stars but did not give a review.

Mandoline (album)
Mandoline is the debut album by Phil Beer, released in 1978/1979 on Greenwich Village Records. It follows 1976's Dance Without Music, the second album he recorded with Paul Downes. As the title of this album suggests, a theme on the album is the mandolin, an instrument Beer has used in almost all of his work.

The album is scarce. It is unknown how many copies were pressed, but it has never been reissued.
Newton-le-Willows, North Yorkshire
Newton-le-Willows is a village and civil parish in the county of North Yorkshire, England, 3 miles (4.8 km) west of Bedale. Historically, it is part of the North Riding of Yorkshire and the Wapentake of Hang East. From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the district of Richmondshire, it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.

Newton-le-Willows used to have a railway station on the Wensleydale Railway. The station opened with the Bedale to Leyburn extension of the line in 1856. In 1877 the station was renamed as Jervaulx to avoid confusion with the other Newton-le-Willows railway station near to St Helens. The stations on the line were all closed in 1954, but the one at Jervaulx was used beyond the closure date to transport pupils to and from Aysgarth School on excursions. Whilst the Wensleydale Railway has reopened as a heritage railway, the station has remained closed.

Bedale
Bedale (/ˈbiːdeɪl/ BEE-dayl), is a market town and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England. Bedale Beck is a tributary of the River Swale, which forms one of the Yorkshire Dales. The dale has a predominant agriculture sector and its related small traditional trades, although tourism is increasingly important. Northallerton is 7 miles (11 km) north-east, Middlesbrough 26 miles (42 km) north-east and York is 31 miles (50 km) south-south-east.

Historically part of the North Riding of Yorkshire, the town was listed in  Domesday Book under what became the honour of Richmond. The honour had several wapentakes and Bedale was part of Hang (named after Hang Bank in Finghall or alternatively named after Catterick) and later Hang East.
St. Nicholas Church (Staré Město)
The Church of Saint Nicholas (Czech: Kostel svatého Mikuláše) is a Late-Gothic and Baroque church in the Old Town of Prague. It was built between 1732-1737 on the site of a Gothic church from the 13th century which was also dedicated to Saint Nicholas.

The church was formerly used by the Czech and Slovak Orthodox Church. Since 1920 it has been the main church of the Czechoslovak Hussite Church and its Prague diocese.

During the Prague uprising in 1945, the church was used by the Czech partisans as a concealed site for Radio Prague, as the main radio building was under attack by the Waffen-SS.

Czechoslovak Hussite Church
The Czechoslovak Hussite Church (Czech: Církev československá husitská, CČSH or CČH; Slovak: Cirkev československá husitská) is a Christian church that separated from the Catholic Church after World War I in Czechoslovakia.

Both the Czechoslovak Hussite Church and Moravian Church trace their tradition back to the Hussite reformers and acknowledge Jan Hus (John Huss) as their predecessor. It was well-supported by Czechoslovakia's first president, Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, who himself belonged to the Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren.

The Czechoslovak Hussite Church describes itself as neo-Hussite.
Gallic horse
Gallic horse (Equus caballus gallicus) is a prehistoric subspecies of Equus caballus (the horse) that lived in the Upper Paleolithic. It first appeared in the Aurignacian period because of climatic changes and roamed the territory of present-day France during the Gravettian and up to the end of the Solutrean. Its fossils, dated from 40,000 to around 15,000 years BC, are close to those of Equus caballus germanicus (the Germanic horse) and may not correspond to a valid subspecies. First described by François Prat in 1968, it is around 1.40 m (4.6 ft) tall and differs from Equus caballus germanicus mainly in its dentition and slightly smaller size.

Würm glaciation
The Würm glaciation or Würm stage (German: Würm-Kaltzeit or Würm-Glazial,  also Würmeiszeit or Würmzeit; cf. ice age), commonly referred as the Würm (often spelled "Wurm"), was the last glacial period in the Alpine region. It is the youngest of the major glaciations of the region that extended beyond the Alps themselves. Like most of the other ice ages of the Pleistocene epoch, it is named after a river, in this case the Würm in Bavaria, a tributary of the Amper.

The Würm ice age can be dated to about 115,000 to 11,700 years ago. Sources differ about the dates, depending on whether the long transition phases between the glacials and interglacials (warmer periods) are allocated to one or other of those periods. The average annual temperatures during the Würm ice age in the Alpine Foreland were below −3 °C (today +7 °C). That has been determined from changes in the vegetation (pollen analysis), as well as differences in the facies.
Biblical Sabbath
The Sabbath is a weekly day of rest or time of worship given in the Bible as the seventh day. It is observed differently in Judaism and Christianity and informs a similar occasion in several other faiths. Observation and remembrance of Sabbath is one of the Ten Commandments ("Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy") considered to be the fourth in Judaism, Eastern Orthodoxy, and most Protestant traditions, and the third in Roman Catholic and Lutheran traditions.

Books of Chronicles
The Book of Chronicles (Hebrew: דִּבְרֵי־הַיָּמִים Dīvrē-hayYāmīm, "words of the days") is a book in the Hebrew Bible, found as two books (1–2 Chronicles) in the Christian Old Testament. Chronicles is the final book of the Hebrew Bible, concluding the third section of the Jewish Tanakh, the Ketuvim ("Writings"). It contains a genealogy starting with Adam and a history of ancient Judah and Israel up to the Edict of Cyrus in 539 BC.

The book was translated into Greek and divided into two books in the Septuagint in the mid-3rd century BC. In Christian contexts Chronicles is referred to in the plural as the Books of Chronicles, after the Latin name chronicon given to the text by Jerome, but is also referred to by its Greek name as the Books of Paralipomenon. In Christian Bibles, they usually follow the two Books of Kings and precede Ezra–Nehemiah, the last history-oriented book of the Protestant Old Testament.
Crotalus basiliscus
Crotalus basiliscus, known as the Mexican west coast rattlesnake, Mexican green rattler, and also by other names, is a species of pit viper in the family Viperidae. The species is endemic to western Mexico. Like all other pit vipers, it is venomous. The specific name, basiliscus, is derived from the Greek word for king, βασιλισκος (basiliskos), and alludes to this snake's large size and potent venom.  No subspecies  are currently recognized.

Black-tailed rattlesnake
The black-tailed rattlesnake (Crotalus molossus) is a venomous pit viper species found in the southwestern United States and Mexico. Four subspecies are currently recognized, including the nominate subspecies described here.
Cutis (anatomy)
Cutis, often termed the "true skin", is composed of the epidermis and the dermis. The dermis contains blood vessels, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and hair follicles. The epidermis and the dermis contain sensory nerve endings to detect changes in the environment. The cutis is the layer located above the subcutis.

Subcutaneous tissue
The subcutaneous tissue (from Latin  subcutaneous 'beneath the skin'), also called the hypodermis, hypoderm (from Greek 'beneath the skin'), subcutis, or superficial fascia, is the lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. The types of cells found in the layer are fibroblasts, adipose cells, and macrophages. The subcutaneous tissue is derived from the mesoderm, but unlike the dermis, it is not derived from the mesoderm's dermatome region. It consists primarily of loose connective tissue and contains larger blood vessels and nerves than those found in the dermis. It is a major site of fat storage in the body.

In arthropods, a hypodermis can refer to an epidermal layer of cells that secretes the chitinous cuticle. The term also refers to a layer of cells lying immediately below the epidermis of plants.
Worliny
Worliny [vɔrˈlinɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łukta, within Ostróda County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) south-east of Łukta, 16 km (10 mi) north-east of Ostróda, and 24 km (15 mi) west of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Łukta
Łukta [ˈwukta] is a village in Ostróda County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Łukta. It lies approximately 15 km (9 mi) north-east of Ostróda and 28 km (17 mi) west of the regional capital Olsztyn. The village lies on the river Łukta.

The village is the location of a local road junction, where three voivodeship roads meet: the 527, 530 and 531.

From 1975 to 1998 Łukta was in Olsztyn Voivodeship.

The village has a football club Warmiak Łukta, a regional development foundation Fundacja Rozwoju Regionu Łukta, a church with churchyard and tower, restaurants, groceries and a dairy.
Open Smart Card Development Platform
Free and open-source software portal

The Open Smart Card Development Platform (OpenSCDP) is a collection of tools that support users in the development, test and deployment of smart card applications. The platform supports GlobalPlatform Scripting, Profile and Messaging technology.

The complete toolset is written in Java and uses ECMAScript as a scripting language. Access to smart cards is provided through an enhanced version of the OpenCard Framework. Drivers are included for most ISO/IEC 7816-4 compliant smart cards, PC/SC and CT-API card readers. The platform also provides cryptographic support through the Java Cryptography Extension (JCE) with the Bouncy Castle Crypto API.

The toolsets and libraries of OpenSCDP are provided as Open Source under the GNU General Public License (GPL).

PC/SC
PC/SC (short for "Personal Computer/Smart Card") is a specification for smart-card integration into computing environments.

Microsoft has implemented PC/SC in Microsoft Windows 200x/XP and makes it available under Microsoft Windows NT/9x.
A free implementation of PC/SC, PC/SC Lite, is available for Linux and other Unixes; a forked version comes bundled with Mac OS X.
Small Arms Ammunition Factory
The Small Arms Ammunition Factories (SAAF) were ammunition manufacturing plants run by the Australian government. Nearly all of their production was for domestic use by their military, the police forces, and government-appointed agents.

Welshpool, Western Australia
Welshpool is an inner southeastern suburb of Perth, Western Australia, located mostly within the City of Canning and partially within the Town of Victoria Park.

The area is one of the main industrial areas of Perth, along with Kewdale, Kwinana Beach, Henderson, Malaga, O'Connor, Canning Vale and Osborne Park.

Welshpool is visually known for its three complexes of silo towers. These house storage of feed products for the poultry and agricultural industries.

Welshpool is a traditional industrial suburb partly to the fact of its proximity to Perth Airport and short distance to the Perth central business district.

Welshpool is named after the town of Welshpool in Wales.
Panningen
Panningen (Dutch: [ˈpɑnɪŋə(n)]; Limburgish: Kepèl) is a Dutch town with a population of 7,618 inhabitants (2020) and is the biggest settlement of the municipality Peel en Maas. It is centrally located between the cities of Roermond, Weert and Venlo in the north of the Dutch province Limburg. Before the 2010 municipal redivision, when Panningen became a part of the newly formed municipality of Peel en Maas, it was part of Helden. Together with Helden, Panningen forms a double core, the double core Helden-Panningen has 13,863 inhabitants (2020). Its nearest city, Venlo, lies about 13 km eastwards.

The built-up area of the town is 3.38 km², and contains 4,523 residences.

Bouwens van der Boijecollege is a public highschool in this town.

Roermond
Roermond (Dutch pronunciation: [ruːrˈmɔnt] ⓘ; Limburgish: Remunj [ʀəˈmʏɲ] or Remuunj [ʀəˈmyːɲ]) is a city, municipality, and diocese in the Limburg province of the Netherlands. Roermond is a historically important town on the lower Roer on the east bank of the river Meuse. It received town rights in 1231. Roermond's town centre has become a designated conservation area.

Through the centuries, the town has filled the role of commercial centre and a principal town in the duchy of Guelders. Since 1559, it has served as the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Roermond. The skyline of the town is dominated by the towers of its two churches, St. Christopher's Cathedral and Roermond Minster ("Munsterkerk" in Dutch). In addition to the churches, the town centre has many significant buildings and monuments.
Mori Eskandani
Mori Eskandani (born January 29, 1956) is a producer of many American television poker programs such as Poker After Dark, High Stakes Poker, and the National Heads-Up Poker Championship.
Eskandani is a veteran cash game poker player who has amassed several live tournament winnings as well. Mori began his gambling career in the Portland, Oregon area playing card rooms and moved to Las Vegas in the mid 1980s. Mori's first foray into television was in collaboration with Henry Orenstein on Poker Superstars in 2004 as Co-Creator, Tournament Director and Consultant. Since then Mori's Production Company, PokerPROductions, has gone on to produce Poker After Dark, High Stakes Poker, National Heads-Up Poker Championship, Face the Ace, and more. As of 2009, Poker PROductions started producing WSOP Europe and in 2011, the World Series of Poker.

Eskandani was inducted into the Poker Hall of Fame in 2018.

High Stakes Poker
High Stakes Poker is an American cash game poker television program. The poker variant played on the show is no limit Texas hold 'em. The first four seasons ran from January 16, 2006 to December 17, 2007 on GSN. The next three seasons ran from March 1, 2009 to May 21, 2011, and was simulcast in 3DTV on N3D. The show was revived on December 16, 2020 on PokerGO.

The show was hosted by A. J. Benza in the first five seasons, alongside Gabe Kaplan. In the sixth season, Kara Scott replaced Benza as Kaplan's co-host, with Scott conducting interviews from the poker room floor. In the seventh season, Norm Macdonald replaced Kaplan as Scott's co-host. Beginning with the eighth season, Benza and Kaplan returned as hosts. After the first episode of the tenth season, Kaplan retired and was replaced by Nick Schulman.
Waikato Students' Union
The Waikato Students' Union, also known as the WSU, is the official student association at the University of Waikato, New Zealand. The WSU was established in the mid 1970s, as a result of a merger between an existing Students' Association and the Teaching Student Association. The WSU assist students in several important ways, including student advocacy, student engagement, and student voice. They support and fund 85+ clubs over the university's 2 campuses.

In 1998, the WSU was the first students' union in New Zealand to adopt a voluntary membership scheme. In 2000, students voted to reinstate compulsory membership.

The WSU funds the student magazine Nexus.

University of Waikato
The University of Waikato (Māori: Te Whare Wānanga o Waikato), established in 1964, is a public research university located in Hamilton, New Zealand. An additional campus is located in Tauranga.
The university performs research in numerous disciplines such as education, social sciences, and management and is an innovator in environmental science, marine and freshwater ecology, engineering, computer science and artificial intelligence.
It offers degrees in health, engineering, computer science, management, Māori and Indigenous Studies, the arts, psychology, social sciences and education.