hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tây Thành province
Tây Thành (lit. 'Western Fortress') was formerly the 32nd province of Nguyễn Vietnam, encompassing what is now modern-day Cambodia. Its capital was the Cambodian capital of Phnom Penh (known to the Vietnamese as "Nam Vang"). It was a special province with a dual system, consisting of Cambodian monarchs who reigned as puppet rulers while a Vietnamese governor resided in Phnom Penh. The province was finally abolished in 1847 after peace talks between Thailand and Vietnam concluded dual-suzerainty over Cambodia.

Thiệu Trị
Thiệu Trị (Hanoi: [tʰiəw˧˨ʔ t͡ɕi˧˨ʔ], chữ Hán: 紹治, lit. "inheritance of prosperity"; 6 June 1807 – 4 November 1847), personal name Nguyễn Phúc Miên Tông or Nguyễn Phúc Tuyền, was the third emperor of the Nguyễn dynasty. He was the eldest son of Emperor Minh Mạng, and reigned from 14 February 1841 until his death on 4 November 1847. He died at the age of 41, according to some reports, of apoplexy. He was interred in the Xương Lăng tomb (also known as the Tomb of Thiệu Trị) located in Huế, which was completed by his son and successor, Emperor Tự Đức.
Mayar (tribe)
Mayar (ماېار) is a Pashtun tribe in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and in some parts of Afghanistan. Wardak, Mangals, Musazai, and Hani, are first brother Orakzais and the Dilazak tribes are Wardak's stepbrothers. Just like other Pashtun tribes, Wardak tribe is divided into subtribes and clans: Nuri, Mirkhel, and Mayar.

People belonging to the Mayar tribe mostly live in Mardan, Katlang, Parkho Dheri, Upper Dir and Bajorh Agency. There are two places named Mayar in Pakistan where most Mayar people live: Mayar Mardan and Mayar Katlang.

Wardak (Pashtun tribe)
The Wardak (Pashto: وردګ) or Wardag are a tribe of the Pashtun people. That mainly live in the Wardak Province of Afghanistan. They migrated to the Wardak province in around 1730. Although they are mainly found in Afghanistan, they can also be found in Peshawar, Attock and Dir in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

Wardak, Mangal, Musazai, and Hani, are first brother Orakzais and the Dalazak tribes are Wardaks Step brothers : 10 Wardak are famous for their hospitality
Flora of Italy
The flora of Italy is all the plant life present in the territory of the Italian Republic. The flora of Italy was traditionally estimated to comprise about 5,500 vascular plant species. However, as of 2019, 7,672 species are recorded in the second edition of the flora of Italy and in its digital archives  Digital flora of Italy. In particular, 7,031 are autochthonous and 641 are non native species widely naturalized since more than three decades. Additionally, further 468 exotic species have been recorded as adventitious or naturalized in more recent times.

Geobotanically, the Italian flora is shared between the Circumboreal Region and Mediterranean Region. According to the index compiled by the Italian Ministry for the Environment in 2001, 274 vascular plant species were protected. Italy has 1,371 endemic plant species and subspecies.

Italian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests
The Italian sclerophyllous and deciduous forests ecoregion, part of the Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub biome, is in Italy. The ecoregion covers most of the Italian Peninsula and includes both evergreen and deciduous forests.
Splitting of prime ideals in Galois extensions
In mathematics, the interplay between the Galois group G of a Galois extension L of a number field K, and the way the prime ideals P of the ring of integers OK factorise as products of prime ideals of OL, provides one of the richest parts of algebraic number theory. The splitting of prime ideals in Galois extensions is sometimes attributed to David Hilbert by calling it Hilbert theory. There is a geometric analogue, for ramified coverings of Riemann surfaces, which is simpler in that only one kind of subgroup of G need be considered, rather than two. This was certainly familiar before Hilbert.

Algebraic number theory
Algebraic number theory is a branch of number theory that uses the techniques of abstract algebra to study the integers, rational numbers, and their generalizations. Number-theoretic questions are expressed in terms of properties of algebraic objects such as algebraic number fields and their rings of integers, finite fields, and function fields. These properties, such as whether a ring admits unique factorization, the behavior of ideals, and the Galois groups of fields, can resolve questions of primary importance in number theory, like the existence of solutions to Diophantine equations.
Pavlova Vas
Pavlova Vas (pronounced [ˈpaːu̯lɔʋa ˈʋaːs]; Slovene: Pavlova vas, German: Paulusberg) is a settlement in the hills west of Bizeljsko in the Municipality of Brežice in eastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Lower Sava Statistical Region. It includes the hamlets of Goliše, Grič, Sveti Jedrt (German: Sankt Gertraud), Jesenovec, Lipovec, Ravne, Rigelj (German: Riegl), Trate, and Trobovnik.

The local church in the settlement is dedicated to Saint Gertrude and belongs to the Parish of Pišece. It is a late-16th-century building that was refurbished in the Baroque style in the 18th century. Its belfry was rebuilt in the 19th century.

Bizeljsko
Bizeljsko (pronounced [biˈzeːlskɔ]; German: Wisell) is a settlement in the Municipality of Brežice in eastern Slovenia, close to the border with Croatia. It lies on the right bank of the Sotla River and in terms of its territory is the largest settlement in the Municipality of Brežice. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included in the Lower Sava Statistical Region. It includes the hamlets of Bošt, Nimnik, Gradišče (German: Gradischberg), Župjek, Spodnja Sušica (German: Untersuschitz), Zgornja Sušica (German: Obersuschitz), Janežičeva Gorca (German: Johannesberg), Vrhovnica, and Vitna Vas (Slovene: Vitna vas).
Steve Stanicek
Stephen Blair Stanicek (born June 19, 1961) is an American former Major League Baseball player. He played parts of two seasons in the majors, 1987 for the Milwaukee Brewers and 1989 for the Philadelphia Phillies. He played 13 games, twelve as a pinch hitter and one as a designated hitter. He was primarily a first baseman in his professional career, but never played the field in the major leagues.

Designated hitter
The designated hitter (DH) is a baseball player who bats in place of the pitcher. Unlike other players in a team's lineup, they generally only play as an offensive player and usually do not play defense as a fielder or a pitcher during a game. Due to their specialized offensive-only role, the designated hitter is generally expected to produce above average offensive stats and production compared to other players who play defense.

In Major League Baseball, the position is authorized by Rule 5.11 of the Official Baseball Rules. It was adopted by the American League in 1973 and by the National League in 2022, making it universal in MLB. Within that time frame, nearly all amateur, collegiate, and professional leagues worldwide adopted the designated hitter or some variant, a major exception being Nippon Professional Baseball's Central League, which plans to adopt it in 2027.
Bianca Acevedo
Bianca Acevedo is an American research scientist who studies romantic love and sensory processing sensitivity. Acevedo performed the first neuroimaging study of long-term intense romantic love, couples who were still "madly" in love but had been married for 21 years on average. She is a researcher at Northwell Health, and the University of California, Santa Barbara.

Arthur Aron
Arthur Aron (born July 2, 1945) is a professor of psychology at the State University of New York at Stony Brook. He is best known for his work on intimacy in interpersonal relationships, and development of the self-expansion model of motivation in close relationships.

In 2018, Aron featured in the Australian narrative film 36 Questions.
Kevin McCloy
Kevin McCloy (born 26 October 1978) is a dual player of Gaelic games who plays Gaelic football for the Derry county team, with whom he has won a National League title. He also won an All Star for his performances in the 2007 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship. McCloy plays his club football for Erin's Own's Lavey.

As a dual player, he also plays hurling for Lavey, and has in the past also hurled for Derry - winning an Ulster Senior Hurling Championship medal. He is well known for wearing his candystriped stockings above knee level.

In football, he is seen as a tough, old-fashioned full back, who is also very competent with the ball in his hands going forward and a good reader of the game. Although full back is his usual position, he has said he prefers to play at centre half back and has done so on occasion for Derry and Lavey.

Dual player
Dual player or dual star is a term used in Hiberno-English to describe someone who competes in multiple sports — for example, in Victorian Ireland, cricket and hurling. The term today in Gaelic games typically describes a male player who plays both Gaelic football and hurling or, if a female player, a player of ladies' Gaelic football and camogie. The player does not necessarily have to play at the same standard in both sports. The number of dual stars at county level has decreased recently due to the increasing demands placed upon the best players of both sports.
Minerva (1834 ship)
Minerva, later known as Spliigen, was the first paddle steamer to operate on Lake Zurich in Switzerland. She was named after the goddess Minerva.

Franz Carl Caspar and Johann Jakob Lämmlin ordered Minerva in 1834 from William Fairbairn & Sons of Manchester, England. After construction, she was broken down into pieces and sent to Hull, where she was put together and made the voyage to Rotterdam and thence up the Rhine to the Rhine Falls. She was again dismantled and carried overland to Lake Zurich, where she was reassembled for the second time.

Minerva had an iron hull measuring 98 ft (30 m) in length, 15.5 ft (4.7 m) in width, and 7 ft (2.1 m) in draught. She was powered by a steam engine of 40 hp (30 kW).

Minerva's first scheduled voyage on Lake Zurich took place on 19 July 1835. In 1839 she was moved to Lake Walen, where she continued to operate until 1860. In 1848 Minerva was renamed Spliigen. After 1860, Spliigen returned to Lake Zurich.

Paddle steamer
A paddle steamer is a steamship or steamboat powered by a steam engine driving paddle wheels to propel the craft through the water. Earlier ships that are driven by a paddle wheel under manual power are known as paddle wheelers.

In the early 19th century, paddle wheels were the predominant way of propulsion for steam-powered boats. In the late 19th century, paddle propulsion was largely superseded by the screw propeller and other marine propulsion systems that have a higher efficiency, especially in rough or open water.

Paddle wheels continue to be used by some ships that operate as excursion boats, floating restaurants, and casinos; these include replica vessels, and are often diesel powered.

Small pedal-powered paddle boats are also found, typically as novelty attractions.
ISO 3166-2:TJ
ISO 3166-2:TJ is the entry for Tajikistan in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

Currently for Tajikistan, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for one autonomous region, two regions, one capital territory and one district under republic administration.

Each code consists of two parts separated by a hyphen. The first part is TJ, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Tajikistan. The second part is two letters.

ISO 3166-1 alpha-2
ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 codes are two-letter country codes defined in ISO 3166-1, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), to represent countries, dependent territories, and special areas of geographical interest. They are the most widely used of the country codes published by ISO (the others being alpha-3 and numeric), and are used most prominently for the Internet's country code top-level domains (with a few exceptions). They were first included as part of the ISO 3166 standard in its first edition in 1974.
Roadwalking
Roadwalking is a thru-hiking term, indicating a walk on a road instead of a trail. It usually provides an easier way to reach a further point on the trail, e.g. by avoiding steep mountain ascents. A roadwalk is an unavoidable part of some long trail systems, such as the partially unfinished Continental Divide Trail, the Appalachian Trail, and North Country Trail.

Roadwalking is not to be confused with "yellow blazing", or traveling in a car instead of by foot.

Thru-hiking
Thru-hiking, or through-hiking, is the continuous end-to-end hiking of an established long-distance trail. The term is used especially in North America in reference to trails such as the Appalachian Trail (AT), the Pacific Crest Trail (PCT), and the Continental Divide Trail (CDT). Similar end-to-end hikes are also undertaken on long-distance footpaths in other parts of the world, including Te Araroa in New Zealand, the Camino de Santiago in Spain and France, the Via Francigena in Europe, the Great Divide Trail in Canada, and the Great Himalaya Trail in Nepal.

A hike completed over multiple trips rather than in one continuous journey is generally known as section hiking.
San Secondo di Pinerolo
San Secondo di Pinerolo (Piedmontese: San Second; Occitan: Seisound, French: Saint-Second-de-Pignerol) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southwest of Turin.

San Secondo di Pinerolo borders the following municipalities: Pinerolo, San Germano Chisone, Porte, Prarostino, Osasco, and Bricherasio. The main sight is the Castle of Miradolo, a neo-Gothic villa near the Chisone stream.

Prarostino
Prarostino is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 40 kilometres (25 miles) southwest of Turin, at the confluence of Val Chisone and Val Pellice.
1970 NCAA men's volleyball tournament
The 1970 NCAA men's volleyball tournament was the first annual tournament to determine the national champion of NCAA men's college volleyball. The tournament was played at Pauley Pavilion in Los Angeles, California.

UCLA defeated Long Beach State in the championship match (3 sets to 0) to win their first national title. UCLA's Dane Holtzman was named Most Outstanding Player of the tournament.

NCAA men's volleyball tournament
The NCAA men's volleyball tournament, officially titled the NCAA national collegiate men's volleyball championship, is an annual competition that determines the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) championship in American college men's volleyball. It had been the only NCAA championship in the sport from 1970 until 2012, when the NCAA launched a Division III championship.

Unlike most NCAA sports, men's volleyball uses a modified version of the National Collegiate championship format, which means Division I and Division II teams compete against each other in the same tournament.

In the past, schools from the Pacific Coast region have dominated this sport, in particular UCLA with coach Al Scates leading the program to 19 NCAA titles (more than any other coach).
Elappally
Elappally is a village in Thodupuzha Taluk, Idukki district in Kerala, India. It is located 26 km from Thodupuzha, 85 km from Kochi, and 70 km from Kottayam.

The Elappally Falls are situated near Moolamattom Wagamon road, which originates in the upper reaches of the Western Ghats. It is most active during the monsoon season.

Moolamattom
Moolamattom is the headquarters of Arakulam Panchayath in Thodupuzha Taluk, Idukki district in Kerala, India. It lies 22 km from Thodupuzha, on the banks of the Thodupuzha River, a tributary of the Muvattupuzha river. Moolamattom is famous for India's second largest underground hydroelectric power station - Moolamattom hydro power station.
Bonita Zarrillo
Bonita M. Zarrillo (born 1965 or 1966) is a Canadian politician and who was the Member of Parliament for Port Moody—Coquitlam from 2021 to 2025. She had previously narrowly lost the riding in 2019 to the Conservative Party's Nelly Shin. Zarrillo is a member of the New Democratic Party. Prior to her election to the House of Commons, she served as a city councillor for Coquitlam City Council.

Port Moody
Port Moody is a city in British Columbia, Canada, and a member municipality of the Metro Vancouver Regional District. It envelops the east end of Burrard Inlet and is the smallest of the Tri-Cities, bordered by Coquitlam on the east and south and by Burnaby on the west. The villages of Belcarra and Anmore, along with the rugged Coast Mountains, lie to the northwest and north, respectively. It is named for Richard Clement Moody, who was the founder and the first Lieutenant-Governor of the Colony of British Columbia.
Penstemon tracyi
Penstemon tracyi is a rare species of penstemon known by the common names Trinity penstemon and Tracy's beardtongue.

The plant is endemic to Trinity County, California, where it is known from fewer than 10 occurrences in the Trinity Alps, of the Klamath Mountains. It grows in exposed rocky outcrops and barren talus in the high mountains.

Penstemon
Penstemon /ˈpɛnstɪmən/, the beardtongues, is a large genus of roughly 280 species of flowering plants native to North America from northern Canada to Central America. It is the largest genus of flowering plants endemic to North America. As well as being the scientific name, penstemon is also widely used as a common name for all Penstemon species alongside beardtongues.

Formerly placed in the family Scrophulariaceae by the Cronquist system, new genetic research has placed it in the vastly expanded family Plantaginaceae. The total number of species is disagreed upon due to ongoing research into if some of the named species are actually subspecies or illegitimate concepts of previously described species.
Eli Ostreicher
Eli Ostreicher (July 1983 – January 11, 2023) was a British-born American serial entrepreneur based in New York City. He was the founder and active CEO of GTTFP Holdings, originally a B2B luxury air-travel provider and Inc. 500 #1 awardee in the United States. GTTFP Holdings now houses Regal Wings, The Regal Card, Regal Jets, Luxury Wholesale Flights, One Bag Tag, VVandr, SHARGE, ThermBot, PillBot; a total of 11 brands.

At the time of his death in early 2023, it was estimated that Ostreicher had created over US$600 million in revenue within GTTFP Holdings.

Inc. (magazine)
Inc. is an American business media company founded in 1979 and based in New York City. Inc. publishes several print magazine issues per year, and is anchored by journalistic content online and on social media, focused on entrepreneurship and related news. Inc. also produces several live and virtual events yearly, including the Inc. 5000 conference.

Owned by Mansueto Ventures, Inc. is best known for its annual rankings of the fastest-growing privately held companies in the United States, called the "Inc. 5000" as well as its Best in Business, Female Founders, and Best Workplaces awards.
Distribution law
Distribution law or the Nernst's distribution law gives a generalisation which governs the distribution of a solute between two immiscible solvents. This law was first given by Nernst who studied the distribution of several solutes between different appropriate pairs of solvents.

C1/C2 = Kd

Where Kd is called the distribution coefficient or the partition coefficient.
Concentration of X in solvent A/concentration of X in solvent B=Kď
If C1 denotes the concentration of solute X in solvent A & C2 denotes  the concentration of solute X in solvent B; Nernst's distribution law can be expressed as C1/C2 = Kd. This law is only valid if the solute is in the same molecular form in both the solvents. Sometimes the solute dissociates or associates in the solvent.
In such cases the law is modified as,
D(Distribution factor)=concentration of solute in all forms in solvent 1/concentration of solute in all forms in solvent 2.

Concentration
In chemistry, concentration is the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. Several types of mathematical description can be distinguished: mass concentration, molar concentration, number concentration, and volume concentration. The concentration can refer to any kind of chemical mixture, but most frequently refers to solutes and solvents in solutions. The molar (amount) concentration has variants, such as normal concentration and osmotic concentration. Dilution is reduction of concentration, e.g., by adding solvent to a solution. The verb "to concentrate" means to increase concentration, the opposite of dilute.
Summer Street (Boston)
Summer Street (est. 1708) in Boston, Massachusetts, extends from Downtown Crossing in the Financial District, over Fort Point Channel, and into the Seaport District to the southeast. In the mid-19th century it was also called Seven Star Lane. Seven Star Lane was named so for "Seven Stars," a tavern once located at the northwest corner of Summer and Hawley streets.

Along the route is Dewey Square, which is formed by the intersection of Atlantic Avenue, Summer, Federal, and Purchase Streets with the Surface Artery of the Boston Central Artery (I-93). The intermodal transit terminal South Station is also located along the road, with Amtrak and MBTA Commuter Rail services, as well as Red Line subway trains and Silver Line bus rapid transit.

In South Boston, Summer Street goes past the Boston Convention and Exhibition Center.

Financial District, Boston
The Financial District of Boston is located in Downtown Boston, near Government Center and Chinatown.

Like many areas within Boston, the Financial District has no official definition.  It is roughly bounded by Atlantic Avenue, State Street, and Devonshire Street.  Parts of the Financial District are in various USPS postal ZIP Codes, including 02108, 02109, 02110, and 02111.
Bruner, Missouri
Bruner is an unincorporated community in northeast Christian County, Missouri, United States. It is located approximately five miles east of Sparta and two miles west of Elkhead along Route 14. 
Bruner is part of the Springfield, Missouri Metropolitan Statistical Area.

A post office is located in Bruner on the north side of Route 14. The post office was established in 1895.

James A. Rathbun moved to the region in 1862 and settled near Keltner. About two years later he moved and established a store and post office near the current location of Bruner. He established a post office and settled on the name of Bruner after his first choice, Rathbun, was denied because a Rathbun office was already in use.

Sparta, Missouri
Sparta is a city in north central Christian County, Missouri, United States. As of the 2020 census, Sparta had a population of 1,876. It is part of the Springfield, Missouri Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Ayu-mi-x 6
Ayu-mi-x 6: Gold and Ayu-mi-x 6: Silver are two remix albums released by Japanese pop singer Ayumi Hamasaki on March 26, 2008. They are the sixth and seventh entries in Hamasaki's Ayu-mi-x remix album series, and the first Ayu-mi-x albums since 2003's Ayu-mi-x V. Following 2005's My Story Classical, they are the first remix albums in roughly four years.

Glitter/Fated
"Glitter"/"Fated" is the forty-first single by Japanese pop singer Ayumi Hamasaki, released on July 18, 2007. "Glitter"/"Fated" was Hamasaki's first single of 2007 and first single in over a year, since the release of "Blue Bird" in June 2006.