hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Combat
Combat is a purposeful violent conflict between multiple combatants with the intent to harm the opposition. Combat may be armed (using weapons) or unarmed (not using weapons). Combat is resorted to either as a method of self-defense or to impose one's will upon others. An instance of combat can be a standalone confrontation or part of a wider conflict, and its scale can range from a fight between individuals to a war between organized groups. Combat may also be benign and recreational, as in the cases of combat sports and mock combat.

Combat may comply with, or be in violation of, local or international laws regarding conflict. Examples of rules include the Geneva Conventions (covering the treatment of people in war), medieval chivalry, the Marquess of Queensberry Rules (covering boxing), and the individual rulesets of various combat sports.

Violence
Violence is characterized as the use of physical force by humans to cause harm to other living beings, such as pain, injury, disablement, death, damage and destruction. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines violence as "the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, which either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, maldevelopment, or deprivation"; it recognizes the need to include violence not resulting in injury or death.
Ramark
A ramark, syllabic acronym for radar marker, was a type of radar beacon used to mark maritime navigational hazards. Ramarks are no longer in use.

Ramarks are a non-directional, continuously transmitting radar beacon which indicate the bearing to a navigational hazard when viewed on a radar plan position indicator (PPI) display. Some ramarks transmit a unique set of Morse characters, which are visible on the PPI display as dots and dashes along the bearing of the ramark.

Ramarks are no longer used in the United States. They have been phased out in favor of more advanced racons (radar beacons) which indicate both the location and the bearing of the hazard.

Plan position indicator
A plan position indicator (PPI) is a type of radar display that represents the radar antenna in the center of the display, with the distance from it and height above ground drawn as concentric circles. As the radar antenna rotates, a radial trace on the PPI sweeps in unison with it about the center point. It is the most common type of radar display.
North Street Station (Halifax, Nova Scotia)
The North Street Station was the railway terminal for Halifax, Nova Scotia from 1877 to 1920. It was built by the Intercolonial Railway in the North End of Halifax and was the second largest railway station in Canada when it opened in 1878. Damaged, but repaired after the Halifax Explosion, it served until the current Halifax terminal location opened as part of the Ocean Terminals project in the city's South End in 1919.

Richmond, Nova Scotia
Richmond was a Canadian urban community occupying the northern extremity of the peninsular City of Halifax. (Now part of the Halifax Regional Municipality.) It was the epicentre of the Halifax Explosion of 6 December 1917, the worst disaster in Canadian history, in which as many as 2000 people died and thousands more were injured. From the 1770s Richmond was home to Fort Needham, and in 1819 Richmond Grove (lower Duffus Street) was the site of the famous fatal duel between Richard John Uniacke Jr and William Bowie.
Silent k and g
In English orthography, the letter ⟨k⟩ normally reflects the pronunciation of [k] and the letter ⟨g⟩ normally is pronounced /ɡ/ or "hard" ⟨g⟩, as in goose, gargoyle and game; /d͡ʒ/ or "soft" ⟨g⟩, generally before ⟨i⟩ or ⟨e⟩, as in giant, ginger and geology; or /ʒ/ in some words of French origin, such as beige and genre. However, silent ⟨k⟩ and ⟨g⟩ occur because of apheresis, the dropping of the initial sound of a word. These sounds used to be pronounced in Old and Middle English.

Apheresis (linguistics)
In phonetics and phonology, apheresis (/əˈfɛrɪsɪs, əˈfɪərɪsɪs/; British English: aphaeresis) is a sound change in which a word-initial vowel is lost, e.g., American >  'Merican. In a broader sense, it can refer to the loss of any initial sound (including consonants) from a word or, in a less technical sense, to the loss of one or more sounds from the beginning of a word. The more specific term aphesis (and its adjective aphetic) is sometimes used to refer to the loss of unstressed vowels.
Chrysothrix
Chrysothrix is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Chrysotrichaceae. They are commonly called gold dust lichens or sulfur dust lichens,: 253  because they are bright yellow to greenish-yellow, sometimes flecked with orange, and composed entirely of powdery soredia. Apothecia are never present in North American specimens.

They grow on bark or rocks, generally in shaded habitats.  They can sometimes be mistaken for sterile specimens of Chaenotheca, which usually has pinhead apothecia on tiny stalks, or Psilolechia, which usually has small, bright yellow apothecia. Chrysothrix chlorina was traditionally used as a brown dye for wool in Scandinavia.

Chaenotheca
Chaenotheca is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Coniocybaceae. The reproduction structures are a mass of loose ascospores that are enclosed by a cup-shaped exciple sitting on top of a tiny stalk, having the appearance of a dressmaker's pin (called a mazaedium), hence the common name pin lichen.: 15  Genus members are also commonly called needle lichens. The genus has a worldwide distribution, with the greatest diversity in the temperate forests of the northern hemisphere, though species have also been recorded from the southern hemisphere including Australia, New Zealand, and South America. Species of Chaenotheca are small, inconspicuous lichens that grow mainly on bark and decaying wood in sheltered, humid, low-light microhabitats such as old-growth and ancient woodland, and are considered indicators of ecological continuity in forest environments.
Barangay hall
A barangay hall is the seat of government for a barangay, the lowest elected administrative division of the Philippines, below that of a city or municipality. It serves as the office of the barangay captain and meeting place for the Sangguniang Barangay. These officers' names, pictures and responsibilities are usually displayed in the hall. The hall can be considered the counterpart to its municipality's municipal hall.

The barangay hall also serves as a local community center, often providing space for both permanent and temporary services and events. The barangay's day care center and office space for the tanods and the barangay health workers are often located there. Medical missions, religious services, fiestas, and sports contests are often held near or next to the barangay hall.

Barangay health volunteer
Barangay health volunteers, also known as barangay health workers (BHWs), are health care providers in the Philippines. They undergo a basic training program under an accredited government or non-government organization, and render primary care services in the community. Also the Barangay health volunteers provide services such as first aid, maternal, neonatal, and child health, and community-based interventions including immunization clinics for barangays.
Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification
Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification (ANZSIC) was jointly developed by the Australian Bureau of Statistics and Statistics New Zealand in order to make it easier to compare industry statistics between the two countries and with the rest of the world.

The 2006 edition of the ANZSIC replaced the 1993 edition, which was the first version produced. Prior to 1993, Australia and New Zealand had separate industry classifications. It is arranged into 19 broad industry divisions and 96 industry subdivisions There are two more detailed levels called Groups and Classes. ANZSIC codes are four-digit numbers. The Australian Taxation Office (ATO) uses five-digit codes referred to as Business Industry Codes.

In the 2006 edition, Industry Division D has been expanded to include 'Waste Services', and  'hunting' is removed from Industry Division A.

Australian Taxation Office
The Australian Taxation Office (ATO) is an Australian statutory agency and the principal revenue collection body for the Australian Government. The ATO has responsibility for administering the Australian federal taxation system, superannuation legislation, and other associated matters. Responsibility for the operations of the ATO is within the portfolio of the Treasurer of Australia and the Treasury.

As the Australian government's principal revenue collection body, the ATO collects income tax, goods and services tax (GST) and other federal taxes. The ATO also has responsibility for managing the Australian Business Register, delivering the Higher Education Loan Program, delivering many Australian government payments and administering key components of Australia's superannuation system.
High (computability)
In computability theory, a Turing degree [X] is high if it is computable in 0′, and the Turing jump [X′] is 0′′, which is the greatest possible degree in terms of Turing reducibility for the jump of a set which is computable in 0′.

Similarly, a degree is high n if its n'th jump is the (n+1)'st jump of 0. Even more generally, a degree d is generalized high n if its n'th jump is the n'th jump of the join of d with 0′.

Turing degree
In computer science and mathematical logic the Turing degree (named after Alan Turing) or degree of unsolvability of a set of natural numbers measures the level of algorithmic unsolvability of the set.
Mahadanapuram
Mahadhanapuram is a village in Krishnarayapuram Block in Karur district of Tamil Nadu State, India. It is located 28 KM towards East from District head quarters Karur. 2 KM from Krishnarayapuram. 370 KM from State capital Chennai.

Mahadhanapuram Pin code is 639106 and postal head office is Mahadhanapuram .

Krishnarayapuram ( 3 KM ), Chinthalavadi ( 4 KM ), Kallapalli ( 5 KM ), Karuppathur ( 6 KM ), Thirukkampuliyur ( 6 KM ) are the nearby Villages to Mahadhanapuram.

Karur district
Karur district is one of the 38 districts (a district located centrally along the Kaveri and Amaravathi rivers) in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The main town in Karur District is the city of Karur, which is also the district headquarters. The district has a population of 1,064,493 with a sex-ratio of 1,015 females for every 1,000 males, according to 2011 census.
Kotychi
Kotychi (Greek: Κοτύχι) is a lagoon in the northwestern part of Elis, Greece. It straddles the boundaries of the municipal units Lechaina and Vouprasia. It is located 23 km north of Amaliada and 45 km southwest of Patras. The lagoon is connected with the Ionian Sea. It is a protected wetland area, as recognized by the Ramsar Convention, The Kotychi lagoon is an important areas for waterbirds in Greece. Its surface area is 3.7 km².

Ionian Sea
The Ionian Sea is an elongated bay of the Mediterranean Sea. It is connected to the Adriatic Sea to the north, and is bounded by Southern Italy, including Basilicata, Calabria, Sicily, and the Salento peninsula to the west, southern Albania (and western Apulia, Italy) to the north, and the west coast of Greece, including the Peloponnese.

All major islands in the sea, which are located in the east of the sea, belong to Greece. They are collectively named the Ionian Islands, the main ones being Corfu, Kefalonia, Zakynthos, Lefkada, and Ithaca.

There are ferry routes between Patras and Igoumenitsa, Greece, and Brindisi and Ancona, Italy, that cross the east and north of the Ionian Sea, and from Piraeus westward. Calypso Deep, the deepest point in the Mediterranean at 5,109 m (16,762 ft), is in the Ionian Sea, at 36°34′N 21°8′E﻿ / ﻿36.567°N 21.133°E﻿ / 36.567; 21.133. The sea is one of the most seismically active areas in the world.
2011 Quick-Step season
The 2011 season for Quick-Step began in January at the Tour Down Under and ended in October at the Giro di Lombardia. As a UCI ProTeam, they were automatically invited and obligated to send a squad to every event in the UCI World Tour.

With just five victories, the season was easily the worst in Quick Step's history. They were all but invisible at the Grand Tours other than a brief run in the leader's jersey for Sylvain Chavanel at the Vuelta a España. The same, bar Tom Boonen's Gent–Wevelgem win, was true of the classic cycle races. They were the last eligible team to score any points toward the UCI World Tour rankings, and finished third-from-last in those rankings, better only than Ag2r–La Mondiale and Vacansoleil–DCM.

During the season, the team announced that Omega Pharma would be rejoining them as a title sponsor for the 2012 season, as Omega Pharma–Quick-Step.

2011 UCI World Tour
The 2011 UCI World Tour was the third edition of the ranking system launched by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) in 2009.  The series started with the Tour Down Under's opening stage on 18 January, and consisted of 14 stage races and 13 one-day races, culminating in the Giro di Lombardia on 15 October.
Impression (online media)
An impression (in the context of online advertising) is when an ad is fetched from its source, and is countable. Whether the ad is clicked is not taken into account.
Each time an ad is fetched, it is counted as one impression.

Because of the possibility of click fraud, robotic activity is usually filtered and excluded,
and a more technical definition is given for accounting purposed by the IAB, a standards and watchdog industry group: "Impression" is a measurement of responses from a Web server to a page request from the user browser, which is filtered from robotic activity and error codes, and is recorded at a point as close as possible to opportunity to see the page by the user.

Interactive advertising
Interactive advertising uses online or offline interactive media to communicate with consumers and to promote products, brands, services, public service announcements, and corporate or political groups.

In the inaugural issue of the Journal of Interactive Advertising, editors Li and Leckenby (2000) defined interactive advertising as the "paid and unpaid presentation and promotion of products, services and ideas by an identified sponsor through mediated means involving mutual action between consumers and producers". This is most commonly performed through the internet; often through the use of an ad server that can deliver a variety of interactive advertising units.
Sperry Hills
The Sperry Hills are a low mountain range in the northern Mojave Desert—southern Amargosa Desert region, in northeastern San Bernardino County, southern California.

They are located south of Shoshone, east of Death Valley National Park, and west of the Dumont Hills.

Amargosa Desert
The Amargosa Desert is located in Nye County in western Nevada, United States, along the California–Nevada border, comprising the northeastern portion of the geographic Amargosa Valley, north of the Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge.

The desert is named after the Amargosa River, which was named after the Spanish word for bitter because of the bitter taste of the water.
Parrish & Heimbecker
Parrish & Heimbecker Limited is a Canadian grain company with about 1,500 employees across Canada and the northern United States. The company's divisions include flour milling, feed milling, grain marketing, transportation and logistics.

It is a private, family-owned business founded in 1909. This Canadian-owned, vertically integrated business is one of the largest full-service grain-handling and crop-input supply companies in Canada. It is the largest Canadian-owned milling company in Canada, with animal nutrition, poultry farming and food-processing divisions in Western and Eastern Canada.

In 2002, the company acquired a grain elevator at Dutton Siding, Manitoba from Agricore United. The elevator is located between Gilbert Plains and Grandview.

Agricore United
Agricore United, Inc. was a farmer-directed agribusiness in Canada. It supplied crop nutrition and crop protection products, and offered grain handling and marketing services. It was created on November 1, 2001 by the merger of Agricore and United Grain Growers. It was headquartered in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Its shares were publicly traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX) under the symbol "AU" ("AU.LV" – Limited voting common shares; "AU.DB" – Convertible 9% debentures; "AU.PR.A" – Series 'A' preferred shares) until June 15, 2007, when it was taken over by the Saskatchewan Wheat Pool. Agri-business giant Archer Daniels Midland (ADM) had a 28% stake in the company at the time of the takeover.
Woods Brothers Building
The Woods Brothers Building is a historic building in Lincoln, Nebraska. It was built in 1914 by the Woods Brothers Construction Company, and designed in the Roman eclectic architectural style by engineers of the company. The Woods Brothers Construction Company, which built neighborhoods in Lincoln and airports in Missouri and Kansas, was headquartered here until 1939. Inside, there is a marble staircase. The building has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since September 18, 1980.

National Register of Historic Places listings in Lancaster County, Nebraska
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Lancaster County, Nebraska.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Lancaster County, Nebraska, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map.

There are 109 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 2 National Historic Landmarks. Another 6 properties were once listed but have been removed.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted December 19, 2025.
Antiphon (orator)
Antiphon of Rhamnus (/ˈæntɪfɒn, -ən/; Ancient Greek: Ἀντιφῶν ὁ Ῥαμνούσιος; 480–411 BC) was the earliest of the ten Attic orators, and an important figure in fifth-century Athenian political and intellectual life.

There were many people named Antiphon in ancient Greece, and scholars have confused them all due to a lack of resources.There is longstanding uncertainty and scholarly controversy over whether the Sophistic works of Antiphon and a treatise on the Interpretation of Dreams were also written by Antiphon the Orator, or whether they were written by a separate man known as Antiphon the Sophist. This article only discusses Antiphon the Orator's biography and oratorical works.

Pseudo-Plutarch
Pseudo-Plutarch is the conventional name given to the actual, but unknown, authors of a number of pseudepigrapha attributed to Plutarch but now known not to have been written by him. Some of these works were included in editions of Plutarch's Moralia.
Wireless LAN Interoperability Forum
The Wireless LAN Interoperability Forum (WLIF) was a non-profit industry organization founded in 1996 to promote and certify wireless LAN products. It was active from about 1996 through 1998 and disbanded in 2001.

Wireless LAN
A wireless LAN (WLAN) is a wireless computer network that links two or more devices using wireless communication to form a local area network (LAN) within a limited area such as a home, school, computer laboratory, campus, or office building. This gives users the ability to move around within the area and remain connected to the network. Through a gateway, a WLAN can also provide a connection to the wider Internet.

Wireless LANs based on the IEEE 802.11 standards are the most widely used computer networks in the world. These are commonly called Wi-Fi, which is a trademark belonging to the Wi-Fi Alliance. They are used for home and small office networks that link together laptop computers, printers, smartphones, Web TVs and gaming devices through a wireless network router, which in turn may link them to the Internet. Hotspots provided by routers at restaurants, coffee shops, hotels, libraries, and airports allow consumers to access the internet with portable wireless devices.
Lake Ngaroto
Lake Ngaroto is a peat lake in Waipa District of New Zealand.

Located 19 km south of Hamilton and 8 km north-west of Te Awamutu, it has a surface area of 108 ha (270 acres), making it the largest of the Waipa peat lakes.

The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "the lakes" for Ngāroto.

Te Awamutu
Te Awamutu is a town in the Waikato region in the North Island of New Zealand. It is the council seat of the Waipā District and serves as a service town for the farming communities which surround it. Te Awamutu is located some 30 kilometres (19 mi) south of Hamilton on State Highway 3, one of the two main routes south from Auckland and Hamilton.

Te Awamutu has a population of 13,950 (June 2025), making it the fifth-largest urban area in the Waikato behind Hamilton, Taupō, Cambridge and Tokoroa.

The town is often referred to as "The Rose Town of New Zealand" because of its elaborate rose gardens in the centre of the town. Many local businesses use "Rosetown" in their name, and the symbol of the rose is widely used on local signs and billboards. The local paper, Te Awamutu Courier, had a symbol of a rose in the masthead on its front page.
Embassy of China, Islamabad
The Embassy of the People's Republic of China in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is the diplomatic mission of China in Pakistan, located in Islamabad. It located at No.1 Zhou Enlai Avenue, Diplomatic Enclave, Islamabad.

Diplomatic Enclave, Islamabad
Diplomatic Enclave (Urdu: سفارتی محصور علاقہ) is a secure zone in Islamabad, Pakistan which contains diplomatic missions. The enclave is located in Sector G-5 and houses 43 embassies and high commissions. The secure zone is not accessible to the general public without a pass.
Khambi, Manipur
Khambi is a village located west of Kamjong in Kamjong District, Manipur state, India. The village falls under Phungyar sub division. The village is partially connected by Ukhrul-Phungyar state highway and Shangshak-Yairipok district road. Khambi is flanked by Khamlang in the west, Sorde in the south, Kangpat in the east and Phungyar in the north. Locally, the inhabitants speak Khambi dialect that belongs to the Tibeto-Burman language family.

Kangpat
Kangpat is a generic reference to two villages, Kangpat Khullen and Kangpat Khunou located south of Ukhrul in Ukhrul district, Manipur state, India. The village falls under Kamjong sub division. The two villages are connected by Ukhrul-Kamjong state highway. Kangpat is flanked by Sorbung and Punge in the west, Choro in the south, Skipe in the east and Nambisha in the north. Locally, the inhabitants speak Kangpat dialect that belongs to the Tibeto-Burman language family. Some researchers are of the view that the dialect spoken by the inhabitants has some affinity to that of the Koireng tribe.
Barbara Hoyt
Barbara Hoyt (December 27, 1951 – December 3, 2017) was an American nurse and a member of the "Manson Family", led by Charles Manson.

Hoyt was a witness in District Attorney Vincent Bugliosi's prosecution of Manson and his followers for the Tate-LaBianca murders.

Vincent Bugliosi
Vincent T. Bugliosi Jr. (/ˌbuːliˈoʊsi/; August 18, 1934 – June 6, 2015) was an American prosecutor and author who served as Deputy District Attorney for the Los Angeles County District Attorney's Office between 1964 and 1972. He became best known for successfully prosecuting Charles Manson and other defendants accused of the August 1969 Tate–LaBianca murders.

In 1972, Bugliosi left the District Attorney's (DA) office and started a private practice, which included defense cases for criminal trials. He twice ran for the DA's office, but was not elected. He also began his writing career, exploring notable criminal cases.