hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hungarian–Ottoman War (1375–1377)
The Hungarian–Ottoman War (1375–1377) was the third confrontation between the Kingdom of Hungary and the Ottoman Empire in the Balkans. The war ended in a Hungarian victory, as the armies of Louis I dealt a blow in Bulgaria not only to the Turks, but also to the Bulgarian ruler Ivan Shisman, who was allied with them in 1377.

Murad I
Murad I (Ottoman Turkish: مراد اول; Turkish: I. Murad), nicknamed Hüdavendigâr , (from Persian: خداوندگار, romanized: Khodāvandgār, lit. 'the devotee of God' – meaning "sovereign" in this context; 29 June 1326 – 15 June 1389) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1362 to 1389. He was the son of Orhan Gazi and Nilüfer Hatun. Murad I came to the throne after his elder half-brother Süleyman Pasha's death.

Murad I conquered Adrianople in 1360s and made it the new capital of the Ottoman Sultanate. Then he further expanded the Ottoman realm in Southern Europe by bringing most of the Balkans under Ottoman rule, and forced the princes of Serbia, the emperor of Bulgaria as well as the Byzantine emperor John V Palaiologos to pay him tribute. Murad I administratively divided his sultanate into the two provinces of Anatolia (Asia Minor) and Rumelia (the Balkans).
Aamchowk Rural Municipality
Aamchok (Nepali: आमचोक) is one of seven rural municipalities (गाउँपालिका) of Bhojpur District of Province No. 1 of Nepal. Out of the 9 municipalities in Bhojpur, 2 are urban and 7 are rural.

According to MoFALD, Aamchok has an area of 184.89 square kilometres (71.39 sq mi) and the total population of the municipality is 18, 720 as of Census of Nepal 2011. Wasingtharpu, Yoo, Dummana, Thidingkha, Pawala, Dewantar, Balankha and Pangcha VDCs were merged to form Aamchok Rural Municipality. Balankha is the Headquarter of this newly formed municipality.

Pawala
Pawala is a village development committee in Bhojpur District in the Kosi Zone of eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 1431 persons living in 246 individual households.
Dynamic and formal equivalence
Dynamic equivalence and formal equivalence, in translating, is the dichotomy between transparency and fidelity  – respectively, between the meaning and the literal structure of a source text.

The dynamic- versus formal-equivalence dichotomy was originally proposed by Eugene Nida in relation to Bible translation.

English Standard Version
The English Standard Version (ESV) is a translation of the Bible in contemporary English. Published in 2001 by Crossway, the ESV was "created by a team of more than 100 leading evangelical scholars and pastors." The ESV relies on recently published critical editions of the original Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek texts.

Crossway says that the ESV continues a legacy of precision and faithfulness in translating the original text into English. It describes the ESV as a translation that adheres to an "essentially literal" translation philosophy, taking into account "differences in grammar, syntax, and idiom between current literary English and the original languages." It also describes the ESV as a translation that "emphasizes 'word-for-word' accuracy, literary excellence, and depth of meaning."

Since its official publication, the ESV has received endorsement from numerous evangelical pastors and theologians, including John Piper and R. C. Sproul.
2018 Turkish Basketball Presidential Cup
The 2018 Turkish Basketball Presidential Cup (Turkish: 2018 Erkekler Basketbol Cumhurbaşkanlığı Kupası) was the 34th edition of the Turkish Basketball Presidential Cup. The game was played between Fenerbahçe Doğuş, champions of the 2017–18 Basketbol Süper Ligi, and Anadolu Efes, the winners of the 2018 Turkish Cup.

Anadolu Efes made their 22nd appearance and won their 11th championship, while this was Fenerbahçe's 15th President's Cup final.

Turkish Basketball Presidential Cup
The Turkish Basketball Presidential Cup (Turkish: Cumhurbaşkanlığı Kupası), sometimes referred to as Turkish Basketball Super Cup, is the professional men's basketball super cup competition that takes place each year in Turkey. The competition began in the year 1985. One game is held to determine the winner of the competition. It is played between the winners of the Basketbol Süper Ligi and the winners of the Turkish Cup season. If the same team wins both the Turkish Super League and the Turkish Cup in the same season, then the competition takes place between the two league finalists from the Super League.
Georgian Intelligence Service
The Georgian Intelligence Service (GIS) (Georgian: საქართველოს დაზვერვის სამსახური, sakartvelos dazvervis samsakhuri) is a national intelligence agency of Georgia, with its headquarters in Tbilisi. The current chief of the service is Irakli Beraia, appointed in 2024.

The GIS is directly subordinated to the Prime Minister of Georgia. It is responsible for providing national security intelligence assessment and conducting counter-intelligence duties abroad.

Intelligence agency
An intelligence agency is a government agency operating as a secret service responsible for the collection, analysis, and exploitation of information in support of law enforcement, national security, military, public safety, and foreign policy objectives.

Means of information gathering are both overt and covert and may include espionage, communication interception, cryptanalysis, cooperation with other institutions, and evaluation of public sources. The assembly and propagation of this information is known as intelligence analysis or intelligence assessment.
Catbrain
51°31′21″N 2°36′46″W﻿ / ﻿51.5225°N 2.61274°W﻿ / 51.5225; -2.61274

Catbrain Hill, simply known as Catbrain, is a small village in South Gloucestershire, England, part of the suburban North Fringe of Bristol. It is located near Cribbs Causeway, on a road that contains many car dealerships. A new housing estate has been recently constructed at Catbrain, with more developments nearby underway as of 2022. At the bottom of the hill lies the runway of the former Bristol Filton Airport.

The area belongs to the postcode area BS10.

River Trym
The River Trym is a short river, some 4.5 miles (7.2 km) in length, which rises in Filton, South Gloucestershire, England.  The upper reaches are culverted, some underground, through mostly urban landscapes, but once it emerges into the open it flows through a nature reserve and city parks before joining the tidal River Avon at Sea Mills. A medieval water mill near its mouth gave the area its name.
Abona was a Roman port at the mouth of the Trym which provided an embarkation point for journeys across the River Severn to south Wales. In the 18th century there were short lived attempts at creating a port and a whale fishery here. The name Trym appears to have Anglo-Saxon roots. In recent years silting problems, caused by urban development, have caused some difficulties, but alleviation works have helped reduce the problem.
Noether inequality
In mathematics, the Noether inequality, named after Max Noether, is a property of compact minimal complex surfaces that restricts the topological type of the underlying topological 4-manifold. It holds more generally for minimal projective surfaces of general type over an algebraically closed field.

Enriques–Kodaira classification
In mathematics, the Enriques–Kodaira classification groups compact complex surfaces into ten classes, each parametrized by a moduli space. For most of the classes the moduli spaces are well understood, but for the class of surfaces of general type the moduli spaces seem too complicated to describe explicitly, though some components are known.

Max Noether began the systematic study of algebraic surfaces, and Guido Castelnuovo proved important parts of the classification. Federigo Enriques described the classification of complex projective surfaces. Kunihiko Kodaira later extended the classification to include non-algebraic compact surfaces.
Soundfield microphone
The Soundfield microphone is an audio microphone composed of four closely spaced subcardioid or cardioid (unidirectional) microphone capsules arranged in a tetrahedron. It was invented by Michael Gerzon and Peter Craven, and is a part of, but not exclusive to, Ambisonics, a surround sound technology. It can function as a mono, stereo or surround sound microphone, optionally including height information.

Wave field synthesis
Wave field synthesis (WFS) is a spatial audio rendering technique, characterized by creation of virtual acoustic environments. It produces artificial wavefronts synthesized by a large number of individually driven loudspeakers from elementary waves. Such wavefronts seem to originate from a virtual starting point, the virtual sound source. Contrary to traditional phantom sound sources, the localization of WFS established virtual sound sources does not depend on the listener's position. Like a genuine sound source the virtual source remains at fixed starting point.
MWC 349
MWC 349 is a double (likely, triple) star system in the constellation Cygnus.  Its properties are still debated and it may be a massive highly luminous star or a very young less luminous Herbig Ae/Be star.  MWC 349 is also a variable star with the designation V1478 Cygni.

Variable-star designation
In astronomy, a variable-star designation is a unique identifier given to variable stars.  It extends the Bayer designation format, with an identifying label (as described below) preceding the Latin genitive of the name of the constellation in which the star lies. The identifying label can be one or two Latin letters or a V plus a number (e.g. V399). Examples are R Coronae Borealis, YZ Ceti, V603 Aquilae. (See List of constellations for a list of constellations and the genitive forms of their names.)
LAMOST J112456.61+453531.3
LAMOST J112456.61+453531.3 (unofficial abbreviation J1124+4535) is a magnitude 13.98 star in the constellation Ursa Major, below the "bowl" of the Big Dipper. It is located approximately 60,000 light-years from Earth.

Initial observations of J1124+4535 by the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fibre Spectroscopic Telescope showed low amounts of magnesium, and later, the Subaru Telescope confirmed the low amounts of magnesium and also found high amounts of europium. J1124+4535 also lacks the same observable chemical signature as other stars in its parent interstellar cloud, indicating that J1124+4535 did not form in the cloud, confirming that the star must have formed outside the Milky Way.

The star's origin was most likely the result of a dwarf galaxy collision with the Milky Way some 5 to 9 billion years ago. The remnants of the destroyed galaxy can still be seen as the most visible streams of the galactic halo.

Big Dipper
The Big Dipper (Canada, US) or the Plough (UK, Ireland) is an asterism consisting of seven bright stars of the constellation Ursa Major; six of them are of second magnitude and one, Megrez (δ), of third magnitude. Four define a "bowl" or "body" and three define a "handle" or "head". It is recognized as a distinct grouping in many cultures.  The North Star (Polaris), the current northern pole star and the tip of the handle of the Little Dipper (Little Bear), can be located by extending an imaginary line through the front two stars of the asterism, Merak (β) and Dubhe (α). This makes it useful in celestial navigation.
Lutter am Barenberge (Samtgemeinde)
Lutter am Barenberge is a former Samtgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the district of Goslar, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It was disbanded in November 2021, and its municipalities were absorbed by the town Langelsheim. It was situated northwest of the Harz, approx. 13 km northwest of Goslar. Its seat was in the town Lutter am Barenberge.

Goslar (district)
Goslar (German pronunciation: [ˈɡɔslaʁ]) is a district in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is bounded by (from the south and clockwise) the districts of Göttingen, Northeim, Hildesheim and Wolfenbüttel, the city of Salzgitter, and by the states of Saxony-Anhalt (district of Harz) and Thuringia (Nordhausen).
2016 Texas Bowl
The 2016 Texas Bowl was an American college football bowl game played on December 28, 2016 at NRG Stadium in Houston, Texas. Sponsored by the AdvoCare nutrition and sports performance company, it is officially known as the AdvoCare V100 Texas Bowl.  It was one of the 2016–17 bowl games concluding the 2016 FBS football season. The eleventh edition of the Texas Bowl, it featured the Kansas State Wildcats of the Big 12 Conference against the Texas A&M Aggies of the Southeastern Conference. This was the first meeting between the two teams since Texas A&M left the Big 12 Conference after the 2011 season.

Texas Bowl
The Texas Bowl is an annual postseason NCAA-sanctioned Division I FBS college football bowl game first held in 2006 in Houston, Texas. Each edition of the bowl has been played at NRG Stadium, previously known as Reliant Stadium. The bowl replaced the defunct Houston Bowl, which was played annually from 2000 to 2005, and before that the Bluebonnet Bowl, the first bowl game in Houston, played from 1959 through 1987.
Hvat
Hvat (Serbian: Хват) is a historical unit of length that was common in Croatia and Serbia analogous to fathom. The measurement system based on the hvat is called hvatski sistem (literally "hvat system").

1 hvat equals:

6 × stopa (stopa is analogous to Austrian "Vienna foot" = 0.316080640 metres.);

72 × palac (1 stopa = 12 × palac; palac is analogous to Austrian "Vienna inch" = 2.6340053 cm);

1.89648384 metres.

1 metre equals 0.527292 hvats.

Inch
The inch (symbol: in or ″) is a unit of length in the British Imperial and the United States customary systems of measurement. It is equal to ⁠1/36⁠ yard or ⁠1/12⁠ of a foot. Derived from the Roman uncia ("twelfth"), the word inch is also sometimes used to translate similar units in other measurement systems, usually understood as deriving from the width of the human thumb.

Standards for the exact length of an inch have varied in the past, but since the adoption of the international yard during the 1950s and 1960s the inch has been based on the metric system and defined as exactly 25.4 mm.
Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta season 1
The first season of the reality television series Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta aired on VH1 from June 18, 2012, until September 3, 2012. The season was primarily filmed in Atlanta, Georgia. It was executively produced by Mona Scott-Young for Monami Entertainment, Toby Barraud and Stefan Springman for NFGTV, and Shelly Tatro, Brad Abramson, Danielle Gelfand and Jeff Olde for VH1. Carlos King served as co-executive producer.

The series chronicles the lives of several women and men in the Atlanta area, involved in hip hop music. It consists of 12 episodes, including a two-part reunion special hosted by Mona Scott Young.

Mimi Faust
Oluremi Fela Faust (née James) (born January 3, 1972), known professionally as Mimi Faust, is an American reality television personality who stars on the VH1 program Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta. She first appeared as the long-time girlfriend of producer Stevie J.
Prince Sixtus Henry of Bourbon-Parma
Prince Sixtus Henry of Bourbon-Parma (Spanish: Don Sixto Enrique de Borbón-Parma y de Borbón-Busset; Italian: Don Sisto Enrico di Borbone Parma; born 22 July 1940), known as Enrique V by supporters, is considered Regent of Spain by some Carlists who accord him the titles Duke of Aranjuez, Infante of Spain, and Standard-bearer of Tradition.

Grand master (order)
Grand Master (Latin: Magister Magnus; German: Großmeister or German: Hochmeister (literally 'High Master'); French: Grand Maître; Spanish: Gran Maestre; Portuguese: Grão-Mestre; Swedish: Stormästare) is a title of the supreme head of various orders, including chivalric orders such as military orders and dynastic orders of knighthood.

The title also occurs in modern civil fraternal orders such as the Freemasons, the Odd Fellows, and various other fraternities. Additionally, numerous modern self-styled orders attempt to imitate habits of the former bodies.
William Trimnel
William Trimnel (died 15 April 1729) was a Church of England clergyman who served as Archdeacon of Norwich around 1720 and as Dean of Winchester from 1722 to 1729. He had three brothers: Charles (Bishop of Norwich and of Winchester), Hugh (king's apothecary), and David (Archdeacon of Leicester).

Archdeacon of Norwich
The Archdeacon of Norwich is a senior ecclesiastical officer in the Church of England Diocese of Norwich, who exercises supervision of clergy and responsibility for church buildings within the geographical area of her or his archdeaconry.
Authorship and ownership in copyright law in Canada
Authorship and ownership in copyright law in Canada is an important and complex topic which lies at the nexus between Canada's Copyright Act, an important body of case law, and a number of compelling policy motives. Analysis of authorship and ownership of copyrightable works in Canada can proceed by examination of the rules determining the initial allocation of copyrights, rules governing subsequent changes in ownership, and finally rules governing complex works such as compilations.

Copyright Act (Canada)
The Copyright Act (French: Loi sur le droit d’auteur) is the federal statute governing copyright law in Canada. It is jointly administered by the Department of Industry Canada and the Department of Canadian Heritage. The Copyright Act was first passed in 1921 and substantially amended in 1988 and 1997. Several attempts were made between 2005 and 2011 to amend the Act, but each of the bills (Bill C-60 in 2005, Bill C-61 in 2008, and Bill C-32 in 2010) failed to pass due to political opposition. In 2011, with a majority in the House of Commons, the Conservative Party introduced Bill C-11, titled the Copyright Modernization Act. Bill C-11 was passed and received Royal Assent on June 29, 2012.
Maalaala Mo Kaya season 28
Maalaala Mo Kaya (transl. Would you remember?; abbreviated MMK), also known as Memories in English, is a Philippine anthology series, which was first aired on May 15, 1991. MMK is the longest-running drama anthology on Philippine television. From March to November, re-runs of previous episodes are being aired due to the Community Quarantines halting their productions. Also, for the entire month of May and the first week of June, no episodes were aired due to the network's shut down. As of December 5, new episodes were shown for the first time since nine months of production hiatus due to pandemic.

Maalaala Mo Kaya
Maalaala Mo Kaya (transl. would you remember?, abbreviated as MMK) is a Philippine television drama anthology series broadcast by ABS-CBN and Kapamilya Channel. Hosted by Charo Santos-Concio, its first iteration was aired from May 15, 1991, to December 10, 2022. The show returned for its second iteration on April 24, 2025 as a limited series for iWantTFC (now reverted into iWant) and consists of 13 episodes and on April 26, 2025 on the network's Yes Weekend line up. Its format is a dramatization of real life stories sent in by letter writers. It is the longest running drama anthology series in the Philippines.
Sarrat
Sarrat, officially the Municipality of Sarrat (Ilocano: Ili ti Sarrat; Filipino: Bayan ng Sarrat), is a municipality in the province of Ilocos Norte, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 26,294 people.

The town is known as the birthplace of Ferdinand Marcos, the 10th President of the Philippines.

San Nicolas, Ilocos Norte
San Nicolas (Ilocano: Ili ti San Nicolas; Filipino: Bayan ng San Nicolas), officially the Municipality of San Nicolas,  is a municipality in the province of Ilocos Norte, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 39,116 people.
Harry Arnold (musician)
Harry Arnold Persson (7 August 1920 – 11 February 1971) was a Swedish jazz saxophonist and bandleader.
Arnold was born in Helsingborg, and led his first big band in 1942, playing the saxophone initially but eventually ceasing to perform to concentrate on arranging. From 1949–1952, he played and arranged for Thore Ehrling's band and worked extensively as a studio musician, particularly writing film scores through much of the 1950s. From 1956 to 1965, Arnold led the Swedish Radio Big Band, which included Arne Domnérus, Bengt Hallberg, and Åke Persson. American trumpeter Benny Bailey played with the band for a time, and Quincy Jones arranged and briefly led the group; they recorded with Ernestine Anderson, Lucky Thompson, Coleman Hawkins, Toots Thielemans, Tony Scott, and Stan Getz. The group disbanded in 1965, after which Arnold continued work as an arranger and led big bands in Europe. He died in Stockholm in February 1971 at the age of 50.

Thore Ehrling
Thore Ehrling (29 December 1912 - 21 October 1994) was a Swedish trumpeter, composer, and bandleader, who led jazz and popular music ensembles.

Born in Stockholm, Ehrling played with Frank Vernon's ensemble from 1930 to 1934, and concomitantly studied at the Royal Swedish Academy of Music. From 1935 to 1938 he played under Håkan von Eichwald and did arrangement and composition work on the side. He founded his own ensemble in 1938, which grew to big band size in the nineteen years it was active. This group played popular music and jazz, recorded frequently, and played often on Swedish radio. The group featured many sidemen who went on to become prominent on the Swedish jazz scene, such as Uffe Baadh and Carl-Henrik Norin, and accompanied popular Swedish singers such as Inger Berggren and Lily Berglund.

Ehrling died in Stockholm in 1994.
Burevestnik Airport
Burevestnik (also Iturup; Japanese: 天寧飛行場, Tennei-hikōjō) (IATA: BVV, ICAO: UHSB) is a military air base on Iturup Island, Russia, establishing Soviet/Russian presence on the disputed South Kuril Islands with the largest airfield in the region. It is also the former Soviet Union's most remote interceptor base. An Army helicopter combat support squadron was also stationed at the airfield in the early 1980s, providing limited fire support and transport capability.  Burevestnik's communications and logistics were tied to Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk and supplies were flown in weekly on Antonov An-12 aircraft.

The base is home to a detachment of the 18th Army Aviation Brigade which flies the Mil Mi-8AMTSh under the 11th Air and Air Defence Forces Army.

Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21
The Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 (Russian: Микоян и Гуревич МиГ-21; NATO reporting name: Fishbed) is a supersonic jet fighter and interceptor aircraft, designed by the Mikoyan-Gurevich Design Bureau in the Soviet Union. Its nicknames include: "Balalaika", because its planform resembles the stringed musical instrument of the same name; "Ołówek", Polish for "pencil", due to the shape of its fuselage, and "Én Bạc", meaning "silver swallow", in Vietnamese.

Approximately 60 countries across four continents have flown the MiG-21, and it still serves many nations seven decades after its maiden flight. It set aviation records, becoming the most-produced supersonic jet aircraft in aviation history, the most-produced combat aircraft since the Korean War and, previously, the longest production run of any combat aircraft.