hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Columbiana County, Ohio
Columbiana County is located in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 101,877. The county seat is Lisbon and its largest city is Salem. Created in 1803, the county name is derived from that of 15th-century Italian explorer Christopher Columbus.

Columbiana County is predominantly rural and considered part of Appalachian Ohio. While northern communities are more associated with Northeast Ohio, southern communities along the Ohio River are culturally closer to the Upper Ohio Valley region. Columbiana County comprises the Salem, Ohio micropolitan statistical area, which is also included in the larger Youngstown–Warren–Salem combined statistical area. Officially considered part of the Youngstown media market, stations from Steubenville regularly report in the area as well.

Leetonia High School
Leetonia High School is a public high school in Leetonia, Ohio, United States. It is the only high school in the Leetonia Exempted Village School District. Athletic teams are known as the Bears and compete as a member of the Ohio High School Athletic Association in the Eastern Ohio Athletic Conference.
Makangarawe
Makangarawe   (Kata ya Mkangarawe , in Swahili)  is an administrative ward  in the Temeke district of the Dar es Salaam Region of Tanzania. The Kilakala and Tandika wards encircle the ward on its northern border. The ward is bordered by Buza to the south and Azimio to the east. Finally, Yombo Vituka borders the ward to the west. According to the 2012 census, the ward has a total population of 53,291.

Temeke District, Dar es Salaam
Temeke District, officially the Temeke Municipal Council (Halimashauri ya Manispaa ya Temeke, in Swahili) is one of five districts of the Dar es Salaam Region of Tanzania. Temeke is bordered to the south by the Mkuranga District of the Pwani Region, to the north by the Indian Ocean, and to the northwest by the Ilala District. Temeke's eastern boundary is shared by Kigamboni District.  The district covers an area of 150.4 km2 (58.1 sq mi). The district is comparable in size to the land area of Cook Islands. The administrative seat is Miburani. The district is home to the University of Dar es Salaam's School of Education,  the National Stadium, the largest stadium in the country, Port of Dar es Salaam the largest port in the country, and The Chamazi Stadium the largest privately owned stadium. The 2012 National Tanzania Census states the population of the district as 1,205,949.
Monmouth Regimental Museum
The Monmouth Regimental Museum is located on Castle Hill in Monmouth, Monmouthshire, Wales. The museum is in a wing of Great Castle House, a listed building on the Monmouth Heritage Trail. The focus of most of the museum's exhibits is the most senior regiment in the British Territorial Army, the Royal Monmouthshire Royal Engineers. Great Castle House is home to the Royal Monmouthshire Royal Engineers, and the museum maintains the records of the regiment.

Royal Monmouthshire Royal Engineers
The Royal Monmouthshire Royal Engineers (Militia) is the most senior regiment of the British Army Reserve. The regiment was formed in 1539 during the reign of by King Henry VIII. The R Mon RE (M) became a militia unit in 1660 and then became a part of the Royal Engineers in 1877.
Putin's Plan
Putin's Plan (Russian: план Путина, romanized: Plan Putina) is an informal reference for a political and economic programme of Russian president Vladimir Putin. Neither Putin nor his team officially released any comprehensive programme.

Slogans supporting "Putin's Plan" were a staple of the election campaign of the United Russia in the 2007 parliamentary election and the 2008 presidential election.

Putin himself stated that the term is nothing but a pre-election slogan based on the excerpts from 7 years of his State of the Nation address to the Federal Assembly related to the long-term development of various spheres in the life of the country.

Presidential Address to the Federal Assembly
The annual Presidential Address to the Federal Assembly (Russian: Послание Президента России Федеральному собранию) is a speech given by the Russian president to outline the state and condition in which Russia is in. It is given in front of a joint meeting of the two houses of the Russian Parliament: the State Duma and Federation Council. Article 84 of the current Constitution of Russia enacted in 1993 says "The President of the Russian Federation shall: address the Federal Assembly with annual messages on the situation in the country, on the guidelines of the internal and foreign policy of the State". First Russian president Boris Yeltsin delivered the first Address to the Federal Assembly on 24 February 1994. The date of the presidential address is not fixed.

In addition to the State Duma Deputies and Senators, in his address as there are Members of the Government, Supreme and Constitutional Courts; public and religious figures and heads of Federal subjects.
2025–26 Moldovan Cup
The 2025–26 Moldovan Cup (Romanian: Cupa Moldovei) is the 35th season of the annual Moldovan football cup competition. The competition started on 3 September 2025 with the first preliminary round and will end with the final on 23 May 2026. The winners will qualify for the first qualifying round of the 2026–27 UEFA Europa League.

2025–26 Moldovan Liga 2
The 2025–26 Moldovan Liga 2 is the 35th season of Moldovan football's third-tier league. The season started on 16 August 2025 and will conclude on 9 May 2026. The league consists of two regional groups, Nord (North) and Sud (South).
Tatana Island
Tatana Island is located in the National Capital District of Papua New Guinea. Located in the North-West electorate of Port Moresby. The island is about 0.48 km2 (0.19 sq mi) in area, and consists of a single hilly rise some 800 metres (870 yd) by 500 metres (550 yd) in size.

All the settlement on the island is concentrated in a strip of buildings along the northern shore, simply known as Tatana. This settlement is connected to the mainland by an artificial causeway built by the United States Army during World War II, which carries a road link.

National Capital District (Papua New Guinea)
The National Capital District of Papua New Guinea is the incorporated area around Port Moresby, which is the capital of Papua New Guinea.  Although it is surrounded by Central Province, where Port Moresby is also the capital, it is technically not a part of that province. It covers an area of 240 km2 (93 sq mi) and has a population of 756,754 (2024 census). It is represented by three open MPs and an NCD-wide representative in the National Parliament of Papua New Guinea who acts as Governor of the National Capital District; however, these MPs do not have the same powers as elsewhere in the country due to the role of the National Capital District Commission.
Izingolweni
Izingolweni or eZinqoleni is a town in Ugu District Municipality in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. It was founded in the 1870s as a police and administration post. The name comes from the Zulu language word for "place with very shallow holes." 
Izingolweni also consists of a school called Izingolweni Primary which is rumored that it was built by the community.

Ugu District Municipality
The Ugu District Municipality (Zulu: UMasipala wesiFunda sase Ugu) is one of the 11 districts of the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. Ugu is isiZulu for "coast". It governs the KZN South Coast and its seat is Port Shepstone. The majority of its 722,484 inhabitants spoke isiZulu as of 2011. The district code is DC21.

The largest towns in the municipality are Port Shepstone, Margate, Umzinto, Scottburgh and Harding.
Stereotypes of French people
Stereotypes of French people include real or imagined characteristics of the French people used by people who see the French people as a single and homogeneous group. French stereotypes are common beliefs among those expressing anti-French sentiment.

There exist stereotypes of French people amongst themselves depending on the region.

Cowardice
Cowardice is a characteristic wherein excessive fear prevents an individual from taking a risk or facing danger. It is the opposite of courage. As a label, "cowardice"  indicates a failure of character in the face of a challenge. One who succumbs to cowardice is known as a coward.

As the opposite of bravery, which many historical and current human societies reward, cowardice is seen as a character flaw that is detrimental to society and thus the failure to face one's fear is often stigmatized or punished.
Harry Johnston
Sir Harry Hamilton Johnston GCMG KCB (12 June 1858 – 31 July 1927) was a British explorer, botanist, artist, colonial administrator, and linguist who travelled widely across Africa to speak some of the languages spoken by people on that continent. He published 40 books on subjects related to the continent of Africa and was one of the key players in the Scramble for Africa that occurred at the end of the 19th century.

Lake Tanganyika
Lake Tanganyika (/ˌtæŋɡənˈjiːkə, -ɡæn-/ TANG-gən-YEE-kə, -⁠gan-; Kirundi: Ikiyaga ca Tanganyika) is an African Great Lake. It is the world's second-largest freshwater lake by volume and the second deepest, in both cases after Lake Baikal in Siberia. It is the world's longest freshwater lake. It is also the 6th largest lake by area. The lake is shared among four countries—Tanzania, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (the DRC), Burundi, and Zambia—with Tanzania (46%) and the DRC (40%) possessing the majority of the lake. It drains via the Lukuga River into the Congo River system, which ultimately discharges at Banana, Democratic Republic of the Congo into the Atlantic Ocean.
11th Parliament of Singapore
The 11th Parliament of Singapore was the previous Parliament of Singapore. The first session commenced on 2 November 2006 and was prorogued on 13 April 2009. The second session commence from 18 May 2009 and was dissolved on 19 April 2011, with the final sitting held on 11 April. The membership was set by the 2006 Singapore General Election on 7 May 2006, and it has changed twice due to the deaths of Jurong GRC MP Dr Ong Chit Chung in 2008, and Ang Mo Kio GRC MP Balaji Sadasivan who was also the Senior Minister of State for Foreign Affairs.

The 11th Parliament is controlled by a People's Action Party majority, led by Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong and members of the cabinet, which assumed power on 7 May 2006. The Opposition is led by the Secretary General of the Workers' Party, Low Thia Kiang. The Speaker of the Parliament of Singapore is Abdullah bin Tarmugi of the People's Action Party, who was re-elected for the 11th Parliament on 2 November 2006.

Leader of the House (Singapore)
The leader of the House is a position responsible for arranging government business in the Parliament of Singapore. The leader of the House initiate motions concerning the business of the House during parliamentary sittings, such as actions to be taken on procedural matters and extending sitting times. The incumbent leader of the House is Pasir Ris–Changi GRC MP, Indranee Rajah.
Koloriang Assembly constituency
Koloriang is one of the 60 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Arunachal Pradesh state in India.

It is part of Kurung Kumey district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the Scheduled Tribes.

Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly
The Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly is the unicameral state legislature of Arunachal Pradesh state in north-eastern India. The seat of the Legislative Assembly is at Itanagar, the capital of the state. The Legislative Assembly comprises 60 Members of Legislative Assembly directly elected from single-seat constituencies.
Ironsand
Ironsand, also known as iron-sand or iron sand, is a type of sand with heavy concentrations of iron. It is typically dark grey or blackish in color.

It is composed mainly of magnetite, Fe3O4, and also contains small amounts of titanium,  silica, manganese, calcium and vanadium.

Ironsand has a tendency to heat up in direct sunlight, causing temperatures high enough to cause minor burns. As such it forms a hazard in New Zealand at popular west-coast surf beaches such as Piha.

Pig iron
Pig iron, also known as crude iron, is an intermediate good used by the iron industry in the production of steel. It is developed by smelting iron ore in a blast furnace. Pig iron has a high carbon content, typically 3.8–4.7%, along with silica and other dross, which makes it brittle and not useful directly as a material except for limited applications.
Architecture of the oil tanker
Oil tankers generally have from 8 to 12 tanks. Each tank is split into two or three independent compartments by fore-and-aft bulkheads.  The tanks are numbered with tank one being the forwardmost.  Individual compartments are referred to by the tank number and the athwartships position, such as "one port", "three starboard", or "six center".

A cofferdam is a small space left open between two bulkheads, to give protection from heat, fire, or collision.  Tankers generally have cofferdams forward and aft of the cargo tanks, and sometimes between individual tanks.  A pumproom houses all the pumps connected to a tanker's cargo lines.  Some larger tankers have two pumprooms.  A pumproom generally spans the total breadth of the ship.

Coulombi egg tanker
The Coulombi egg tanker is a design that is aimed at reducing oil spills. It was approved by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) as an alternative to the double hull concept.  The United States Coast Guard does not allow this design to enter US waters, effectively preventing it from being built.
Central District No. 2 (South Australian Legislative Council)
Central District No. 2 was an electoral district for the South Australian Legislative Council from 1913 until 1975. It was created by the Constitution Act Further Amendment Act 1913, which divided the Central District into two districts, each to elect four members. The size of the Legislative Council was to remain at 18 until the next general election, and increase to 20 by adding a new member for each of the two new districts. From its creation until the next general election (which was held on 27 March 1915), Central District No. 2 comprised the extant Assembly electoral district of Torrens. The act also redrew the Assembly electoral districts from the next election. From then, Central District No. 2 would comprise the new Assembly districts of Sturt and East Torrens.

Electoral district of East Torrens
East Torrens was an electoral district of the House of Assembly in the Australian state of South Australia from 1857 to 1902 and again from 1915 to 1938.

East Torrens was also the name of an electoral district of the unicameral South Australian Legislative Council from 1851 until its abolition in 1857, George Waterhouse (July 1851 to June 1854), Charles Fenn (June 1854 to August 1855) and John Bristow Hughes (September 1855 to February 1857) being the members.
Nicholas Woodroffe
Sir Nicholas Woodroffe  (Woodruff, Woodrofe, etc.) (1530–1598) was a London merchant of the Worshipful Company of Haberdashers, who, through the English Reformation, rose in the Alderman class to become a Master Haberdasher, Lord Mayor of London and Member of Parliament for London. Through the complexities of his family's relationships, and the position and security which they afforded, he lived to establish his family among the armigerous houses of late Elizabethan Surrey.

Francis Aungier, 1st Baron Aungier of Longford
Francis Aungier, 1st Baron Aungier of Longford (1558–1632), also known as Lord Aungier, was the progenitor of the Earldom of Longford, member of the House of Lords, Privy Councillor for Ireland and Master of the Rolls in Ireland under James I and Charles I.
Democratic Center Party of Latvia
The Democratic Center Party (Latvian: Demokrātiskā centra partija) was a small centre political party in Latvia which was founded in September 1992. It took part in the 1993 parliamentary elections, obtaining 5 from 100 seats in the parliament, and in the 1994 local elections, obtaining seats in Riga, Jelgava and Jurmala. Leaders: Ints Cālītis, Aivars Kreituss, Juris Celmiņš, Māris Pūķis. Renamed into Latvian Democratic Party (Latvian: Latvijas Demokrātiskā partija) in August 1993, merged with "Saimnieks" to form Democratic Party "Saimnieks" in April 1995.

Democratic Party "Saimnieks"
The Democratic Party "Saimnieks" (Latvian: Demokrātiskā partija "Saimnieks") was a Latvian centre-left political party formed through the merger of the Latvian Democratic Party and the political party "Saimnieks" in 1995. It won the 1995 parliamentary election and was represented by 18 deputies in the 6th Saeima. It participated in Andris Šķēle's first and second cabinet, withdrawing from the coalition in 1998.

The party lost the 1998 parliamentary election, failing to win any seats. It was eventually disbanded in March 2005.
1999 WPA World Nine-ball Championship
The 1999 WPA World Nine-ball Championship was a professional pool championship that took place in 1999 in Alicante, Spain. The event is not to be confused with Matchroom Sport's 1999 World Professional Pool Championship that took place earlier in the same year, won by Efren Reyes. Despite there being two world titles for the same discipline in 1999, both are considered as valid in 1999 by the World Pool-Billiard Association.

The event was won by Nick Varner, who defeated compatriot Jeremy Jones in the final 13–8. Defending champion Takahashi Kunihiko was defeated in the last 16 13–2 by Varner.

WPA World Nine-ball Championship
The WPA World Nine-ball Championship is an annual professional nine-ball pool tournament contested since 1990. The championship is sanctioned by the World Pool Association (WPA) and principally sponsored and organized by Matchroom Sport, who promote the event as the World Pool Championship.  The championship has men's, women's, youth and wheelchair divisions.
Serbian Peabody rifle
The Serbian Peabody rifle (Serbian: Пушка система Пибоди, Puška sistema Pibodi) is a single-shot breech-loading rifle made and used in the Principality of Serbia in the second half of the 19th century. It was the first Serbian military rifle to use metallic cartridges.

Springfield model 1873
The Springfield Model 1873 was a trapdoor breechblock service rifle  produced by the Springfield Armory for the United States military. It was the first standard-issue breech-loading rifle adopted by the United States Army (although the Springfield Model 1866 had seen limited issue to troops along the Bozeman Trail in 1867). The rifle, in both full-length and carbine versions, was widely used in subsequent battles against Native Americans.

The Model 1873 was the fifth variation of the Erskine S. Allin trapdoor breechblock design. The infantry rifle model featured a 325⁄8-inch (829 mm) barrel, while the cavalry carbine used a 22-inch (560 mm) barrel.  It was superseded by an improved model, the Springfield Model 1884, also in .45-70 caliber.
20 December 1989 Street
20 December 1989 Street (Romanian: Strada 20 Decembrie 1989) is a main thoroughfare in Timișoara, Romania. It stretches between John Hunyadi Square and Michael the Brave Bridge where it joins King Ferdinand I Boulevard. It is named after the day when Timișoara became the first city in Romania free from communism.

Along the boulevard are, on the left side, the Banat Philharmonic, the City Hall and the Hunyadi Castle, and on the right side, the Justice Park, the former Israelite High School and the Emanoil Ungureanu Technical College.

King Ferdinand I Boulevard
King Ferdinand I Boulevard (Romanian: Bulevardul Regele Ferdinand I) is a boulevard in Timișoara, Romania. It begins at Queen Marie Square, passes by the Metropolitan Cathedral, then crosses the Bega Canal via Michael the Brave Bridge, continuing onward as Michael the Brave Boulevard. The boulevard forms the northern edge of Victory Square, which was redesigned in the early 20th century following the dismantling of Timișoara's fortress walls.

The area is renowned for its elegant early 20th-century architecture, with landmarks such as Lloyd Palace, Weiss Palace, Neuhausz, Merbl, Dauerbach, Hilt-Vogel, and Széchenyi Palaces lining the square, all showcasing Art Nouveau and eclectic styles. Adjacent to the boulevard are two major parks: Cathedral Park, established in 1967 behind the cathedral and stretching along the Bega Canal, and Central Park, founded in 1870 on the site of a former cemetery, known for its monuments and shaded paths.
R610 road (Ireland)
The R610 road is a regional road in Ireland, located in County Cork and Cork City, beginning at a junction with the N28 and terminating on Parnell Place and Grand Parade in the city centre (N8 and N22 junctions respectively). The road connects Monkstown, Passage West and Glenbrook in County Cork with Rochestown, Douglas and the city centre in Cork City.

N28 road (Ireland)
The N28 road is a national primary road in  Ireland. It connects the port and village of Ringaskiddy to the N40 South Ring Road in Cork city.

The road begins at the Bloomfield Interchange on the N40 South Ring Road in Rochestown. It runs southwards as Carr's Hill towards Carrigaline, leaving Cork at the L6477 junction, where it becomes Cork Road. North of Carrigaline, the route passes through the Shannonpark Roundabout and proceeds east through the village of Shanbally to Ringaskiddy.

Prior to the completion of the South Ring, the N28 formed the route from the Bandon Road interchange through the Kinsale Road interchange to where it leaves the N40.
Dan Currams
Daniel Currams (born 1989) is an Irish hurler and Gaelic footballer who plays as a midfielder and centre-forward for the Offaly senior teams.

Born in Kilcormac, County Offaly, Currams first arrived on the inter-county scene at the age of sixteen when he first linked up with the Offaly minor teams as a dual player, before later joining the under-21 hurling side. He made his senior hurling debut during the 2008 championship before later joining the football side during the 2012 championship. Since then Currams has been a regular member of the hurling team, and has won one National League (Division 2) medal.

As a member of the Leinster inter-provincial team on a number of occasions, Currams has won one Railway Cup medal. At club level he is a one-time Leinster medallist with Kilcormac–Killoughey. In addition to this he has also won three championship medals.

His uncle, Liam Currams, was a dual All-Ireland medallist with Offaly.

Dual player
Dual player or dual star is a term used in Hiberno-English to describe someone who competes in multiple sports — for example, in Victorian Ireland, cricket and hurling. The term today in Gaelic games typically describes a male player who plays both Gaelic football and hurling or, if a female player, a player of ladies' Gaelic football and camogie. The player does not necessarily have to play at the same standard in both sports. The number of dual stars at county level has decreased recently due to the increasing demands placed upon the best players of both sports.