hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Måns Grenhagen
Måns Simon Willhelm Grenhagen (born 20 July 1993 in Stockholm) is a Swedish racing driver. In 2013 he started in the FIA Formula 3 European Championship, competing for Dutch racing team Van Amersfoort Racing.

FIA Formula 3 European Championship
The FIA Formula 3 European Championship was a European Formula Three (F3) auto racing competition, organised by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA). After one season of the FIA Formula 3 International Trophy, the FIA revived the FIA Formula 3 European Championship. The ten-event season included seven Formula 3 Euro Series rounds, two British Formula Three rounds and DTM-supporting round at Brands Hatch. From 2013, the series started running its own rounds, based upon the defunct Formula 3 Euro Series.

In 2019, the series merged with the GP3 Series to form the FIA Formula 3 Championship, and was due to relaunch as the Formula European Masters and run in support of the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters. The championship was cancelled ahead of its debut season due to lack of competitors. The championship would have used the current spec cars and were working with Dallara to design a new car for 2020, but it was replaced by GT4-based series, DTM Trophy as the successor.
Wild problem
In the mathematical areas of linear algebra and representation theory, a problem is wild if it contains the problem of classifying pairs of square matrices up to simultaneous similarity. Examples of wild problems are classifying indecomposable representations of any quiver that is neither a Dynkin quiver (i.e. the underlying undirected graph of the quiver is a (finite) Dynkin diagram) nor a Euclidean quiver (i.e., the underlying undirected graph of the quiver is an affine Dynkin diagram).

Necessary and sufficient conditions have been proposed to check the simultaneously block triangularization and diagonalization of a finite set of matrices under the assumption that each matrix is diagonalizable over the field of the complex numbers.

Linear algebra
Linear algebra is the branch of mathematics concerning linear equations such as

linear maps such as

and their representations in vector spaces and through matrices.

Linear algebra is central to almost all areas of mathematics. For instance, linear algebra is fundamental in modern presentations of geometry, including for defining basic objects such as lines, planes and rotations. Also, functional analysis, a branch of mathematical analysis, may be viewed as the application of linear algebra to function spaces.

Linear algebra is also used in most sciences and fields of engineering because it allows modeling many natural phenomena, and computing efficiently with such models. For nonlinear systems, which cannot be modeled with linear algebra, it is often used for dealing with first-order approximations, using the fact that the differential of a multivariate function at a point is the linear map that best approximates the function near that point.
Wanda, Missouri
Wanda is an unincorporated community in Newton County, Missouri, United States.  It lies along Missouri State Route O, between the towns of Stark City and Stella.

The community is part of the Joplin, Missouri Metropolitan Statistical Area.

A post office Wanda was established in 1886, and remained in operation until 1908. The identity of namesake Wanda is unknown. Other names include Wando and Old Harmony.

Stark City, Missouri
Stark City is a town in Newton County, Missouri, United States. As of the 2020 census, Stark City had a population of 125. It is part of the Joplin, Missouri Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is adjacent to the battlefield of the Second Battle of Newtonia.
Outline of Joseph Smith
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the life and influence of Joseph Smith:

Joseph Smith (1805 – 1844) – central figure of Mormonism, whom the teachings of most List of sects in the Latter Day Saint movement hold to be the founding Prophet. Smith is also called the Prophet of the Restoration.

Articles of Faith (Latter Day Saints)
Within the Latter Day Saint movement, the "Articles of Faith" is a statement of beliefs composed by Joseph Smith as part of an 1842 letter sent to "Long" John Wentworth, editor of the Chicago Democrat, and first published in the Latter Day Saint newspaper Times and Seasons. It is a concise listing of thirteen fundamental doctrines of Mormonism. Most Latter Day Saint denominations view the articles as an authoritative statement of basic theology. Some denominations, such as the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), have adopted the articles as scripture (see Pearl of Great Price). For some sects, the Articles of Faith are known collectively as "An Epitome of Faith and Doctrine".
Counterparts (Lira novel)
Counterparts is a 1998 American spy thriller novel written by Gonzalo Lira.  Shortly after he graduated from Dartmouth College in October 1996, at age 28, Lira received a million dollar advance from G. P. Putnam's Sons. The unsolicited manuscript for Counterparts had been pulled from a slush pile by a literary agent and forwarded to editors at Putnam.

G. P. Putnam's Sons
G. P. Putnam's Sons is an American book publisher based in New York City, New York. The publisher was founded in 1838 and features books by authors such as Renée Ahdieh, C. J. Box, Edgar Allan Poe, and many others. Since 1996, it has been an imprint of the Penguin Group.
Suwayri
Suwayri (Arabic: صويري, also spelled Suweireh or Swarey) is a village in western Syria located northwest of Homs in the Homs Governorate. Nearby towns include Shin to the northwest, al-Mahfurah to the north, Ghur Gharbiyah to the northeast, Qazhal to the east, Khirbet Tin Nur to the southeast, Khirbet al-Hamam to the south, Hadidah to the southwest and Mazinah to the west. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, Suwayri had a population of 2,966 in the 2004 census, making it the second largest locality in the Shin nahiyah ("subdistrict"). Its inhabitants are predominantly Alawites.

Hadidah
Hadidah (Arabic: حديدة, also spelled Hadideh) is a town in the northwestern Syria, administratively part of the Homs Governorate, located west of Homs and just east of the border with Lebanon. Nearby localities include Liftaya to the southeast, Khirbet al-Hamam to the east, Shin to the north, Mizyeneh and al-Huwash to the northwest, and al-Zarah and Talkalakh to the west. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Hadidah had a population of 2,544 in the 2004 census. It is the administrative center of the Hadidah nahiyah ("subdistrict") which consists of 27 localities with a collective population of 25,998 in 2004. The inhabitants of the town are predominantly Alawites.
Stourton, Leeds
53°46′12″N 1°30′29″W﻿ / ﻿53.770°N 1.508°W﻿ / 53.770; -1.508

Stourton is a mainly industrial area of the city of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. The area falls within the City and Hunslet ward of Leeds Metropolitan Council.

Waddingtons
Waddingtons was a British manufacturer of card and board games. The company was founded by John Waddington of Leeds, England and the manager, actor and playwright Wilson Barrett, under the name Waddingtons Limited.  The name was changed in 1905 to John Waddington Limited, then Waddington's House of Games, then Waddington Games, and finally just Waddingtons.
Electoral district of Glamorgan
The Electoral district of Glamorgan was a single-member electoral district of the Tasmanian House of Assembly. It centred on the town of Swansea in eastern Tasmania, and included Bicheno, Little Swanport and the Freycinet Peninsula. After 1886, the seat extended as far south as Triabunna and Buckland, which had previously been in neighbouring Sorell.

The seat was created ahead of the Assembly's first election held in 1856, and was abolished at the 1903 election, when it was abolished and divided between Cambria to the north, and Sorell to the south.

Electoral district of Cambria
The electoral district of Cambria was a single-member electoral district of the Tasmanian House of Assembly. It centred on the town of Campbell Town in the Midlands region of Tasmania between Hobart and Launceston.

The seat was created in a redistribution ahead of the 1903 state election, largely replacing the seat of Campbell Town, and was abolished when the Tasmanian parliament adopted the Hare-Clark electoral model in 1909. It had a single member during its existence, William Bennett.
Kostrzewy, Łódź Voivodeship
Kostrzewy [kɔsˈtʂɛvɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Galewice, within Wieruszów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) west of Galewice, 7 km (4 mi) north-east of Wieruszów, and 100 km (62 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Galewice
Galewice [ɡalɛˈvit͡sɛ] is a village in central Poland in Wieruszów County, Łódź Voivodeship, established in the 15th century. It was first mentioned in 1458 in Judicial Chronicles. The origin of the name Galewice is ambiguous. It either comes from a word Gal, which means 'to serve' or it belonged to the first owners of the village, an aristocratic family of Galewski (coat of arms Wierusz). It is the seat of the administrative district of Gmina Galewice. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) north-east of Wieruszów and 97 km (60 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.
Chappetts Copse
Chappetts Copse is a  12-hectare (30-acre) nature reserve east of West Meon in Hampshire. It is owned and managed by the Hampshire and Isle of Wight Wildlife Trust.

This ancient ash and beech wood has many rare fungi and plants. Orchids include broad-leaved helleborine and bird's-nest, and there are butterflies such as the speckled wood and silver-washed fritillary.

Hampshire and Isle of Wight Wildlife Trust
Hampshire and Isle of Wight Wildlife Trust is a Wildlife Trust with 27,000 members across the counties of Hampshire and the Isle of Wight, England.

The trust describes itself as the leading local wildlife conservation charity in Hampshire and the Island with the stated aim of improving conditions for wildlife on land and at sea. The organisation also runs community engagement events helping local people find out about their local wild places.
Title 42 of the United States Code
Title 42 of the United States Code is the  United States Code dealing with public health, social welfare, and civil rights. Parts of Title 42 which formerly related to the US space program have been transferred to Title 51.

National Flood Insurance Act of 1968
The National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 is a federal law in the United States that was enacted as Title XIII of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968 and signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson that led to the creation of the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP).
Gripsholm Castle
Gripsholm Castle (Swedish: Gripsholms slott) is a castle in Mariefred, Södermanland, Sweden. It is located by Lake Mälaren in south central Sweden, in the municipality of Strängnäs, about 60 km west of Stockholm. Since Gustav I Vasa, Gripsholm has belonged to the Swedish royal family and was used as one of their residences until the 18th century. It is now a museum, but is still considered to be a palace at the disposal of the King and as such it is part of the Crown palaces in Sweden.

Strängnäs Municipality
Strängnäs Municipality (Swedish: Strängnäs kommun) is a municipality in Södermanland County in eastern Sweden, located by Lake Mälaren. Its seat is located in the city of Strängnäs.

The present municipality was created in 1971, when the City of Strängnäs was amalgamated with the City of Mariefred and a number of rural municipalities. Originally there were 15 local government entities in the area.

The boxer Erik Agren was born here
Lotta Svärd (poem)
"Lotta Svärd" – Swedish: svärd means a sword – is the fourth poem in the second part of Johan Ludvig Runeberg's epic poem The Tales of Ensign Stål from 1860.

The "Lotta Svärd" poem is about a woman who manned a field kitchen during the Finnish War. The name was later used for several Lotta movements (women's auxiliary movements) in the Nordic countries (Finland, Sweden, Denmark, and Norway).

"Lottas" refers to the volunteer women who participated in the national defence in a variety of roles.

German playwright Bertolt Brecht modelled his character of Mother Courage partially on Lotta Svärd in his 1939 play Mutter Courage und ihre Kinder (Mother Courage and Her Children), written while he was in exile from Nazi Germany in Sweden.

Finnish War
The Finnish War (Swedish: Finska kriget; Russian: Финляндская война; Finnish: Suomen sota) was fought between the Kingdom of Sweden and the Russian Empire from 21 February 1808 to 17 September 1809 as part of the Napoleonic Wars. As a result of the war, the eastern third of Sweden was established as the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland within the Russian Empire. Other notable effects were the Swedish parliament's adoption of a new constitution and the establishment of the House of Bernadotte, the new Swedish royal house, in 1818.
Timeline of the first Trump presidency (2018 Q1)
The following is a timeline of the first presidency of Donald Trump during the first quarter of 2018, from January 1 to March 31, 2018. For a complete itinerary of his travels, see List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2018). To navigate between quarters, see timeline of the Donald Trump presidencies. For the Q2 timeline see timeline of the first Trump presidency (2018 Q2).

Timeline of the Donald Trump presidencies
Donald Trump, a Republican originally from New York, who moved his principal residency to Florida in 2019, was elected president of the United States in 2016.

He was inaugurated on January 20, 2017, as the nation's 45th president, and his presidency ended on January 20, 2021, with the inauguration of Joe Biden.

Trump was then elected to a nonconsecutive second term in 2024, and assumed the presidency again on January 20, 2025, as the nation's 47th and current president.

The following articles cover the timeline of Trump's first and second presidencies, and the time leading up to each of them:
Youngers, Missouri
Youngers is an unincorporated community in northwest Callaway County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. The community is in the extreme northwest corner of Callaway County and just east of Cedar Creek. Auxvasse is about twelve miles to the east, Mexico is about 14 miles to the northeast in Audrain County and Columbia is about nine miles to the southwest in Boone County.

Auxvasse, Missouri
Auxvasse (/ʌvˈɔːz/ uv-AWZ) is a city in northern Callaway County, Missouri, United States. It is part of the Jefferson City, Missouri Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2020 census, Auxvasse had a population of 1,001.
Life of a Kid in the Ghetto
Life of a Kid in the Ghetto is the debut studio album by the Boston-based rap group Ed O.G. & da Bulldogs. It was released on March 5, 1991, via PWL America/Mercury Records/PolyGram. The album peaked at number 166 on the Billboard 200 and number 21 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. The album spawned three singles: "Bug-a-Boo" (which peaked at No. 25 on Hot Rap Songs), "I Got to Have It" (which peaked at No. 83 on Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and No. 1 on Hot Rap Songs), and "Be a Father to Your Child" (which peaked at No. 58 on Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and No. 5 on Hot Rap Songs). Life of a Kid in the Ghetto has sold more than 500,000 copies.

Hot Rap Songs
Hot Rap Songs (formerly known as Hot Rap Tracks and Hot Rap Singles) is a chart released weekly by Billboard in the United States. It lists the 25 most popular hip-hop/rap songs, calculated weekly by airplay on rhythmic and urban radio stations and sales in hip hop-focused or exclusive markets. Streaming data, digital downloads and All-Format radio stations were added to the methodology of determining chart rankings in 2012. From 1989 through 2001, it was based on how much the single sold in that given week.
Fraser Heights
Fraser Heights is a neighbourhood of Guildford, a town centre in the city of Surrey, British Columbia. Bounded by Highway 1 to the south, Golden Ears Connector and Golden Ears Way to the east and the Fraser River to the north, with most homes having a view of the Fraser River and Coquitlam Mountain.

Surrey, British Columbia
Surrey is a city in British Columbia, Canada. It is located south of the Fraser River on the Canada–United States border. It is a member municipality of the Metro Vancouver regional district and metropolitan area. Mainly a suburban city, Surrey is the province's second-largest by population after Vancouver and the third-largest by area after Abbotsford and Prince George. Seven neighbourhoods in Surrey are designated town centres: Cloverdale, Fleetwood, Guildford, Newton, South Surrey, and City Centre encompassed by Whalley.
Otranto Bridge
The Otranto Bridge was located northwest of St. Ansgar, Iowa, United States. It carried traffic on 480th Avenue over the Cedar River for 170 feet (52 m). The supervisors from Mitchell County contracted with the Chicago Bridge and Iron Company (CBI) to build two bridges in the county. Chicago engineer Horace E. Horton from CBI designed this Camelback through truss bridge. It replaced and older span at the same location, and it was completed in 1899 for $3,257. The Otranto Bridge was one of the few Camelback through truss bridges built in Iowa. It was replaced by a modern bridge and was privately owned before being dismantled.

The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998. It was removed in 2020.

Cedar River (Iowa River tributary)
The Cedar River is a 338-mile-long (544 km) river in Minnesota and Iowa. It is a tributary of the Iowa River, which flows to the Mississippi River.  The Cedar River takes its name from the red cedar (Juniperus virginiana) trees growing there, and was originally called the Red Cedar River by the Meskwaki.  The first Mississippi steamboat reached Cedar Rapids, Iowa in 1844, and during the next decade, the Red Cedar (as it was still called) was an important commercial waterway.  The surrounding region is known officially as the Cedar River Valley, though it is more commonly referred to simply as the Cedar Valley. The stream is young geologically, and only in places where the glacial material has been removed is the underlying bedrock exposed.
Matsunoo-dera
Matsunoo-dera (松尾寺) is a Buddhist temple located in the Matsuo neighborhood of the city of Maizuru, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. It belongs to the  Shingon-shū Daigo-ha sect of Japanese Buddhism and its honzon (primary image) is a hibutsu hidden image, a statue of Batō Kannon Bosatsu. The temple's full name is Aoba-san Matsunoo-ji (青葉山松尾寺).The temple is the 29th stop on the 33 temple Saigoku Kannon Pilgrimage route. The temple is located on the Sea of Japan, at an elevation of about 250 meters on the southern slope of Mount Aoba (also known as "Wakasa Fuji"), which is 693 meters above sea level.

Maizuru
Maizuru (舞鶴市, Maizuru-shi) is a city in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan.  As of 28 February 2022, the city had an estimated population of 78,644 in 34,817 households and a population density of 230 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 342.13 square kilometres (132.10 sq mi).
Wadh
Wadh (Urdu: وڈھ), with a population of 26,875, is the fourth largest urban centre in Khuzdar District, in the province of Balochistan, Pakistan. It serves as the administrative centre of Wadh Tehsil. The majority of the town's population belongs to the Mengal tribe, one of the prominent Baloch tribes in the region. The local economy is primarily based on agriculture and mineral extraction, with farming and mining serving as the main sources of livelihood for residents.

Khuzdar District
Khuzdar (Balochi: هزدارء‍ِ دمگ‎; Urdu and Brahui: ضلع خضدار) is a district in the Balochistan province of Pakistan. The city of Khuzdar serves as the district's headquarters.

Until its establishment as a district in  1974 it was part of Kalat District. In November 1992 part of the territory of Khuzdar was split off to form the new district of Awaran.
Tetracus
Tetracus is an extinct genus of gymnures. Species are from the Oligocene of Belgium and France. Fossils can also be found in the Bouldnor Formation in the Hampshire Basin of southern England.

Species:

†Tetracus nanus (Aymard, 1846)
synonym Erinaceus nanus Aymard, 1846
synonym Camphotherium elegans Filhol, 1883, Filhol, 1884
synonym Comphotherium elegans Filhol, 1884, Filhol 1885
synonym Gomphotherium elegans Filhol, 1884 in Schlosser, 1887, p. 140 and 465 and in Lavocat, 1951, p. 14
synonym Neurogymnurus minor Filhol, 1884
synonym Necrogymnurus minor in Lavocat, 1951, p. 13
synonym Tetracus bouti Lavocat, 1951, dans Lavocat, 1951.

Gomphotherium
Gomphotherium (/ˌɡɒmfəˈθɪəriəm/; "nail beast" for its double set of straight tusks) is an extinct genus of gomphothere proboscidean from the Neogene of Eurasia, Africa and North America. It is the most diverse genus of gomphothere, with over a dozen valid species. The genus is probably paraphyletic, and ancestral to other gomphothere genera.
German Boys & Girls Open
The German Boys & Girls Open, formally the German International Amateur Championship – Boys and Girls, is an annual international amateur golf tournament in Germany for boys and girls under the age of 18.

The tournament, founded in 2004, is organized by the German Golf Association. It is a qualifying event for the European team in the Junior Ryder Cup and the Junior Solheim Cup and has been rated up to level "A" in the World Amateur Golf Ranking.

In 2024, after 19 years, the tournament moved from Golf Club St. Leon-Rot near Heidelberg in Baden-Württemberg to Golf Club Hardenberg near Northeim in Lower Saxony.

Junior Ryder Cup
The Junior Ryder Cup is a team golf competition between Europe and the United States for junior golfers aged 18 and under. It is based on the men's Ryder Cup and is run by the same organisations, the PGA of America and Ryder Cup Europe.

The 2018 event took place at Golf Disneyland, Marne-la-Vallée, Paris, France on Monday 24 and Tuesday 25 September. The United States won 121⁄2–111⁄2, their sixth successive victory in the event.

After postponement and then cancellation of the 2020 event due to COVID-19 pandemic, it was next held in 2023 at Golf Nazionale and Marco Simone Golf and Country Club in Italy from September 26–28.
Medicare for All Caucus
The Medicare for All Caucus is a congressional caucus in the United States House of Representatives, consisting of members that advocate for the implementation of a single-payer healthcare system. It was announced by progressive members of the House of Representatives in July 2018 with over 70 founding members, all Democrats.

Congressional caucus
A congressional caucus is a group of members of the United States Congress that meet to pursue common legislative objectives. Formally, caucuses are formed as congressional member organizations (CMOs) through the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate and governed under the rules of these chambers. In addition to the term "caucus", they are sometimes called conferences (especially Republican ones), coalitions, study groups, task forces, or working groups. Many other countries use the term parliamentary group; the Parliament of the United Kingdom has many all-party parliamentary groups.