hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shakespeare Club of Stratford-upon-Avon
The Shakespeare Club of Stratford-upon-Avon is a society based in Stratford-upon-Avon, England, that celebrates the life and literary works of William Shakespeare. It is the oldest Shakespeare society in the world, having been in existence since 1824. It now meets monthly between October and May at the Shakespeare Institute, for a series of lectures on a wide range of Shakespeare-related subjects.

Shakespeare Institute
The Shakespeare Institute is a centre for postgraduate study dedicated to the study of William Shakespeare and the literature of the English Renaissance. It is part of the University of Birmingham, and is located in Stratford-upon-Avon.

The Institute was set up in 1951 at Mason Croft, the former home of novelist Marie Corelli. Budgetary problems forced it to be relocated to the main campus at Birmingham during the 1970s, but under the guidance of Professor Stanley Wells, the Institute was returned to Mason Croft in the 1980s and its position was consolidated in 1996 with the opening of the purpose-built Shakespeare Institute Library.

It has been described by the current director, Michael Dobson, as "the best place on earth in which to explore the impact Shakespeare’s work has had across four centuries of world culture".
Palazzo Partanna, Naples
The Palazzo Partanna, also once known as Palazzo Coscia, is a monumental palace located on Piazza dei Martiri 64–66 on the western edge of the neighborhood of Chiaia in Naples, Italy. The palace faces the Piazza dei Martiri.

Piazza dei Martiri, Naples
Piazza dei Martiri (in Italian: Martyrs' Square) is a monument-containing square in Naples, Italy, located at the junction of Via Domenico Morelli and Santa Caterina, one block north of the eastern end of the large seaside park known as the Villa Comunale. The square was originally dedicated to Santa Maria a Cappella, but took on patriotic significance when Italy was united in 1861.
2016–17 Ligat Nashim
The 2016–17 Ligat Nashim is the 19th season of women's league football under the Israeli Football Association. League schedule began on 8 November 2016. The defending champions are F.C. Ramat HaSharon, having won the title the previous season.

Prior to the beginning of the season the two divisions were renamed, Ligat Nashim Rishona becoming Women's Premier League and Ligat Nashim Shniya becoming Women's Leumit League.

In the premier league, F.C. Kiryat Gat won its first championship while Bnot Sakhnin relegated. Hapoel Ra'anana won Women's Liga Leumit and was promoted to the top division.

2015–16 Ligat Nashim
The 2015–16 Ligat Nashim was the 18th season of women's league football under the Israeli Football Association. First division matches were due to begin on 3 November 2015, but were delayed to start on 10 November. The defending champions are ASA Tel Aviv University, having won the title the previous season.

On 22 May 2016, in the penultimate match of the season, F.C. Ramat HaSharon secured the title, Its first ever, by defeating title rival F.C. Kiryat Gat 1–0. By winning, FC Ramat HaSharon qualified to 2016–17 UEFA Women's Champions League. At the bottom, Maccabi Be'er Sheva was relegated to Ligat Nashim Shniya.

In the second division, Bnot Netanya F.C. won the league and was promoted to the top division.
Water in fiqh
Water in Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) is divided into two types, Mutlaq and Mudaf for Tahara. Tahara or Taharah (the opposite of Najis) is an essential aspect of Islam. It means to remove all physical impurities (Najāsat) that blocks valid worship by Wudu or Ghusl.

Ritual purity in Islam
Purity (Arabic: طهارة, romanized: ṭahārah) is an essential aspect of Islam. It is the opposite of najāsa, the state of being ritually impure. It is achieved by first removing physical impurities (for example, urine) from the body, and then removing ritual impurity through wudu (usually) or ghusl.
Innfjord Tunnel
The Innfjord Tunnel (Norwegian: Innfjordtunnelen) is a 6,594-metre (4.1 mi) long road tunnel in Rauma Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The tunnel goes between the Gridset farm on the north side of the village of Innfjorden and the large village of Veblungsnes, near the mouth of the Rauma River. The tunnel is part of the European Route E136 highway.

The tunnel opened in 1991 and replaced a narrow and curvy section of the E136 highway that used to follow the shore of the Romsdalsfjorden. The old road was closed in 1989 after a landslide killed one person. During 2-year the construction of the tunnel, there was a temporary ferry service from Åndalsnes to Innfjorden.

Åndalsnes
Åndalsnesⓘ is a town in Rauma Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. Åndalsnes is also the administrative center of Rauma Municipality. It is located along the Isfjorden, at the mouth of the river Rauma, at the north end of the Romsdalen valley. The village of Isfjorden lies about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) to the east, Veblungsnes lies just to the west across the Rauma river, and the village of Innfjorden lies about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) to the southwest via the European Route E136 highway.

The 2.16-square-kilometre (530-acre) town has a population (2024) of 2,483 and a population density of 1,150 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,000/sq mi).

Åndalsnes has an association football club, Åndalsnes IF. The local church is Grytten Church, but its actually located across the river in Veblungsnes. The harbour is called "Tindekaia", and is visited every year by many cruise ships.
Askeaton railway station
Askeaton railway station is a disused train station which served Askeaton in County Limerick, Ireland from the mid-19th until the mid-20th century. Built c. 1857, the limestone station house is included in the Record of Protected Structures for County Limerick.

Limerick–Foynes railway line
The Limerick to Foynes Railway is a 42 kilometres (26 mi) mothballed line in County Limerick, Ireland that connected the city of Limerick with the port of Foynes. A tender was published, for the works to reopen the line, in mid-2022. These works, starting with the clearing of vegetation, had begun by late 2022. As of November 2024, the line was expected to open for freight in 2026, with potential for passenger service in the future.
Rodolfo Volk
Rodolfo Volk (Sometimes italianized in Rodolfo Folchi) (14 January 1906 – 2 October 1983) was an Italian footballer who played as a forward.

Volk is regarded as one of the most prolific goalscorers in the history of Roma and is remembered as the club's first goalscorer in an official match. As of May 2020 he is the fourth best goalscorer in Roma's history, having scored 103 goals in 157 league appearances. In 2018, he was inducted into the club's Hall of Fame.

1930–31 Serie A
The 1930-31 Serie A was the thirty-first edition of the Italian Football Championship and the second since 1929 re-branding to create Serie A. It was the eighth season from which the Italian Football Champions adorned their team jerseys in the subsequent season with a Scudetto. Juventus won for the first of five successive wins, and for the third time in their history. This was their second scudetto since the scudetto started being awarded in 1924 and their first win contested as Serie A.
2004 FIBA Africa Under-20 Championship
The 2004 FIBA Africa Under-20 Championship was the fourth and final FIBA Africa Under-20 Championship, played under the rules of FIBA, the world governing body for basketball, and its FIBA Africa branch. Senegal hosted the tournament from 23 July to 1 August 2004.

Nigeria defeated Cameroon 83–82 in the final to win the championship and secure a spot at the 2005 U-21 World Cup.

FIBA Africa Under-20 Championship
The FIBA Africa Under-20 Championship was a basketball competition in the International Basketball Federation's FIBA Africa zone. The event was held four times before being cancelled in 2004. The winner competed in the FIBA Under-21 World Championship.
Our Lady of Guidance
The Our Lady of Guidance (Spanish: Nuestra Señora de Guía) is a title of the Blessed Virgin Mary associated with a 16th-century Marian image depicted as the Immaculate Conception and widely venerated by Filipinos. The wooden Black Madonna is considered the oldest extant Marian statue in the Philippines.
Locally venerated as patroness of navigators and travelers, the image is enshrined at the Ermita Church in the city of Manila.

Due to its fragility and value, the original Marian image does not leave the premises of its inner sanctum except when the pontiff visits the country. A modern proxy image (called “Vicaria”) is used for exposed church services instead.

Santo Niño de Cebú
The Señor Santo Niño de Cebú (lit. 'Lord Holy Child of Cebu'), or simply the Santo Niño, is a Catholic title of the Child Jesus associated with a religious image widely venerated as miraculous by Filipino Catholics. It is the oldest Christian artifact in the Philippines, originally given as a gift by Ferdinand Magellan to Rajah Humabon and his wife and chief consort, Hara Humamay, on the occasion of their Christian baptism in 1521. The image is the only canonically crowned image of Jesus in the Philippines.
Cay Holmberg
Senior Captain Cay Hake Holmberg (27 March 1933 – 16 June 2025) was a Swedish Navy officer. Holmberg graduated from the Royal Swedish Naval Academy in 1957 and began his naval career as a sub-lieutenant. Over the years, he underwent various training programs and held positions of increasing responsibility, including commanding destroyers and serving as a strategy teacher. He represented Sweden at the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea for an extended period. In 1987, he became head of the Navy Weapons Inspection and was promoted to senior captain. Later, he served as head of the Swedish contingent at the Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission in Korea, where he held the acting rank of rear admiral until December 1991. Overall, his career spanned several decades and included significant international service.

Kommendörkapten
Commander (Cdr) (Swedish: Kommendörkapten, Kk) is a senior-grade officer rank in the Swedish Navy, ranking below captain and above lieutenant commander. The rank is equivalent to lieutenant colonel in the Swedish Army, Swedish Air Force and the Swedish Amphibious Corps. Before 1972, the rank of commander was divided into two ranks: commander (kommendörkapten av 1:a graden/klassen) and lieutenant commander (kommendörkapten av 2:a graden/klassen).
Philip Mannington
Philip Mannington (died 1806) was a British colonial administrator. He arrived as the first magistrate of the Prince of Wales' Island (Penang Island) and governed the land as Superintendent and acting governor of Prince of Wales' Island, after Sir Francis Light, from 1794. Ill health caused by the unhealthy living conditions at the time forced him to resign in 1796. He was succeeded by Major Forbes Ross MacDonald. Mannington also developed major plantations of pepper in the Air Itam district of Penang island. When he died in 1806, his estate "in the district of Ayer Etam, called Mount Felix, on the left side of the road leading to the Flagstaff Hill, about four and a half miles from town" and said to contain 25,000 pepper vines, was put up for auction.

Francis Light
Francis Light (c. 1740 – 21 October 1794) was a British sailor and explorer best known for founding the colony of Penang and its capital city of George Town in 1786. Light was the father of William Light, who founded the city of Adelaide in South Australia in 1836.
Papa Haydn
The composer Joseph Haydn is sometimes given the nickname "Papa" Haydn. The practice began in Haydn's lifetime and has continued to the present day.

Höslinger (2009) identifies three senses of the term, discussed below in the order of their chronological origin.

Jens Peter Larsen
Jens Peter Larsen (14 June 1902 – 22 August 1988) was a Danish musicologist and Haydn scholar. In addition to serving as general editor of two major editions of Haydn's music, he researched and published important papers on the works of George Frideric Handel's music and on the stylistic authenticity of Baroque and Classical performances.
StarCraft II in esports
Professional StarCraft II competition features professional gamers competing in Blizzard Entertainment's real-time strategy game StarCraft II. Professional play began following the game's initial release in 2010, as the game was the sequel to StarCraft, considered one of the first esports and the foundation of South Korea's interest and success in competitive gaming. Between 2016 and 2019, competition was centered around the Global StarCraft II League in Korea and the World Championship Series Circuit everywhere else, with all Blizzard-sanctioned events being under the StarCraft II World Championship Series (WCS) banner. Since 2020, Blizzard changed the format of WCS by entering into a three-year partnership with esports organizers ESL and DreamHack.

Korea e-Sports Association
The Korea e-Sports Association (KeSPA) is a South Korean organization established to oversee, regulate, and promote esports in South Korea. It is a member of the  Korean Olympic Committee and the International e-Sports Federation. As of June 2012, it was the managing body for 25 e-sports in the country, including Starcraft II: Legacy of the Void (excluded in 2016), League of Legends, Dota 2, and Counter-Strike: Global Offensive. KeSPA also hosts the KeSPA Cup, a yearly tournament event for some of their games.
Ruth Mary Reynolds
Ruth Mary Reynolds (February 29, 1916 – December 2, 1989) was an American educator, political and civil rights activist who embraced the ideals of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party. She was incarcerated in La Princesa Prison for sedition during the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party Revolts of the 1950s. As one of the founders of the organization known as the "American League for Puerto Rico's Independence," she devoted many years of her life to the cause of Puerto Rico's independence from the United States after her release from prison.

Jayuya Uprising
The Jayuya Uprising, also known as Jayuya Revolt or Cry of Jayuya (Spanish: Grito de Jayuya), was a Nationalist insurrection that took place on October 30, 1950, in the town of Jayuya, Puerto Rico. The insurrection, led by Blanca Canales, was one of the multiple insurrections that occurred throughout Puerto Rico on that day against the Puerto Rican government supported by the United States. The insurrectionists were opposed to US sovereignty over Puerto Rico.
Port of Barisal
The Port of Barisal, officially known as Barisal River Port is the second largest and busiest river port in Bangladesh after Dhaka in terms of passenger traffic. It is located on the banks of the Kirtankhola river in the city of Barisal. The port operates daily services between Dhaka and Barisal as well as most of the districts in southern part of the country including Chandpur, Narayanganj, Bhola, Laxmipur, Pirojpur and Barguna. It also operates inter-district routes around Barisal.

The port of Barisal is an important hub of transportation system connecting different parts of Bangladesh through waterways. It is also considered as a transit point between Mongla and Chittagong marine ports, Khulna and Dhaka and other river ports of Bangladesh as well as between West Bengal and Assam and Tripura of India.

Kirtankhola River
The Kirtankhola (Bengali: কীর্তনখোলা) is a river that starts at Sayeshtabad, in the district of Barisal, Bangladesh, and ends in Gajalia, near the Gabkhan canal. The total length of the river is about 160 kilometres (99 mi). Waste dumping, to the tune of 50 tons every day, by one account, has jeopardized the biodiversity of the river and its connected canals.
Pablo Nieto
Pablo Nieto Aguilar (born 4 June 1980 in Madrid, Community of Madrid) is a Spanish former road racer of Grand Prix solo motorcycles, latterly involved in team management. He is the son of the legendary Spanish motorcycle racer Ángel Nieto, and cousin of Fonsi Nieto. He started to race professionally in 1998, and spent his career in the 125cc class. Following the race at Valencia in 2008, he announced his retirement from racing, to move to a managerial position of the Onde 2000 MotoGP team with Sete Gibernau in 2009 as the team's only rider. He was the team manager for the Laglisse Moto3 team from 2012-2014, in the 2013 Moto3 Grand Prix season, his rider Maverick Viñales won the championship. He is now the team manager for the VR46 Racing Team established by Valentino Rossi.

Sete Gibernau
Manuel "Sete" Gibernau Bultó (born 15 December 1972) is a Spanish former professional Grand Prix motorcycle road racer who is a 9-time 500cc/MotoGP race winner and a twice overall runner-up in 2003 and 2004. His racing career spans three different eras of motorcycle racing, beginning with the two-stroke-dominated period prior to the 2002 season, and the four-stroke MotoGP era. He returned to racing in 2019 to compete in the electric-powered MotoE World Cup. Gibernau was one of the top riders in Grand Prix racing at the beginning of the MotoGP era.
Music City Bowl
The Music City Bowl is a college football post-season bowl game contested by NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) teams, which has been played in Nashville, Tennessee, since 1998. Since 2025, it has been sponsored by Liberty Mutual and is officially known as the Liberty Mutual Music City Bowl. The bowl has had tie-ins with several different athletic conferences, most recently the Big Ten Conference and Southeastern Conference (SEC).

2002 Music City Bowl
The 2002 Music City Bowl was the fifth edition of the bowl game. It was played at LP Field in Nashville, Tennessee on December 30, 2002, and featured the Arkansas Razorbacks and the Minnesota Golden Gophers. Sponsored by Gaylord Hotels, it was officially named the Gaylord Hotels Music City Bowl.
Steven Horwitz
Steven G. Horwitz (February 7, 1964 – June 27, 2021) was an American economist of the Austrian School. Horwitz was the Distinguished Professor of Free Enterprise in the department of economics in the Miller College of Business at Ball State University in Muncie, Indiana. In 2017, he retired as the Dana Professor of Economics Emeritus at St. Lawrence University.

Liberty Fund
Liberty Fund, Inc. is an American nonprofit foundation headquartered in Carmel, Indiana, that promotes the libertarian views of its founder, Pierre F. Goodrich, through publishing, conferences, and educational resources. The operating mandate of the Liberty Fund was set forth in an unpublished memo written by Goodrich "to encourage the study of the ideal of a society of free and responsible individuals".
Venantius of Salona
Venantius of Salona (also Wigand; died 259), was a Christian saint, martyr and Bishop of Salona in Dalmatia, active in the later half of the third century AD. He was possibly martyred in Delminium.

He either was the first bishop or succeeded Saint Domnius as bishop. Originally buried in Dalmatia, his body was brought to Rome by Pope John IV in 640 and his relics were in the baptistery of the Lateran Basilica, which also contains a mosaic of him.

Unlike other saints he was not found in early martyrologies, appearing for the first time in a twelfth-century Hungarian liturgical calendar.

His feast day was on 1 April. As well as Rome and Dalmatia he was a popular saint in Toledo.

Saint Domnius
Saint Domnius (also known as Saint Dujam or Saint Duje, Saint Domnio, Saint Doimus, or Saint Domninus) was a Bishop of Salona (today's Solin) around the year 300, and is venerated as the patron of the nearby city of Split in modern Croatia.
Inorganic chemistry
Inorganic chemistry deals with synthesis and behavior of inorganic and organometallic compounds. This field covers chemical compounds that are not carbon-based, which are the subjects of organic chemistry. The distinction between the two disciplines is far from absolute, as there is much overlap in the subdiscipline of organometallic chemistry. It has applications in every aspect of the chemical industry, including catalysis, materials science, pigments, surfactants, coatings, medications, fuels, and agriculture.

Sodium chloride
Sodium chloride /ˌsoʊdiəm ˈklɔːraɪd/, commonly known as table salt, is an ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl, representing a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chloride ions. It is transparent or translucent, brittle, hygroscopic, and occurs as the mineral halite. In its edible form, it is commonly used as a condiment and food preservative. Large quantities of sodium chloride are used in many industrial processes, and it is a major source of sodium and chlorine compounds used as feedstocks for further chemical syntheses. Another major application of sodium chloride is de-icing of roadways in sub-freezing weather.
Stanko Mlakar Stadium
Stanko Mlakar Stadium (Slovene: Stadion Stanka Mlakarja), located in the Kranj Sports Centre (Slovene: Športni center Kranj), is a multi-purpose stadium in Kranj, Slovenia. It is mostly used for football matches and hosts the home matches of Triglav Kranj in the Slovenian Second League. In 2009, the stadium underwent a major reconstruction in which a new stand was built and the stadium now has a capacity of 2,060 seats.

NK Triglav Kranj
Nogometni klub Triglav Kranj (English: Triglav Kranj Football Club), commonly referred to as NK Triglav Kranj or simply Triglav, is a Slovenian football club from Kranj that competes in the Slovenian Second League, the second highest league in Slovenia. The club was founded in 1920. In the mid-1990s, they merged with NK Naklo and were re-established under the current name Triglav Kranj.
Glycorandomization
Glycorandomization, is a drug discovery and drug development technology platform to enable the rapid diversification of bioactive small molecules, drug leads and/or approved drugs through the attachment of sugars. Initially developed as a facile method to manipulate carbohydrate substitutions of naturally occurring glycosides to afford the corresponding differentially glycosylated natural product libraries, glycorandomization  applications have expanded to include both small molecules (drug leads and approved drugs) and even macromolecules (proteins). Also referred to as 'glycodiversification', glycorandomization has led to the discovery of new glycoside analogs which display improvements in potency, selectivity and/or ADMET as compared to the parent molecule.

Drug development
Drug development is the process of bringing a new pharmaceutical drug to the market once a lead compound has been identified through the process of drug discovery. It includes preclinical research on microorganisms and animals, filing for regulatory status, such as via the United States Food and Drug Administration for an investigational new drug to initiate clinical trials on humans, and may include the step of obtaining regulatory approval with a new drug application to market the drug. The entire process—from concept through preclinical testing in the laboratory to clinical trial development, including Phase I–III trials—to approved vaccine or drug typically takes more than a decade.
Seán Kenny (hurler)
John Kenny (29 December 1923 – 24 April 2002), known as Seán Kenny, was an Irish hurler. At club level, he spent most of his career with Borris–Ileigh and at inter-county level was a member of the Tipperary senior hurling team. Kenny captained Tipperary to the All-Ireland SHC title in 1950.

1951 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The 1951 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was the 65th staging of the All-Ireland hurling championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1887. The championship began on 6 May 1951 and ended on 2 September 1951.

Tipperary were the defending champions, and retained their All-Ireland crown following a 7–7 to 3–9 defeat of Wexford.