hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Medingen (Bad Bevensen)
Medingen (German pronunciation: [ˈmeːdɪŋən]) is a village in the borough of Bad Bevensen in the German state of Lower Saxony. In the 14th century it was called Zellensen.

In the 17th century a monastic farm estate known as Klosterhof Medingen (Medingen Monastery Estate) where, 50 years ago, a Trakehner stud was established.

Bad Bevensen
Bad Bevensen (German pronunciation: [baːt ˈbeːvn̩zn̩] ⓘ; Low German: Bämsen) is a town in the north of the district Uelzen in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated to the east of the Lüneburg Heath (Lüneburger Heide). The Ilmenau river, a tributary of the Elbe, flows through Bad Bevensen. Bad Bevensen is a well-known spa town.

Bad Bevensen is the seat of the Samtgemeinde ("collective municipality") Bevensen-Ebstorf.

Incorporated into the municipality are the villages of Gollern, Groß Hesebeck, Jastorf, Klein Bünstorf, Klein Hesebeck, Medingen, Röbbel, Sasendorf and Seedorf. Jastorf is situated some 3 kilometres (2 miles) south of the town center. It is the site of an Iron Age cemetery which gave the name of the Jastorf culture.

In the run-up to the G20 summit in 2017, left-wing extremists set a fire in the town.
Fine and Wilf's theorem
In combinatorics on words, Fine and Wilf's theorem is a fundamental result describing what happens when a long-enough word has two different periods (i.e., distances at which its letters repeat). Informally, the conclusion is that such words  have also a third, shorter period. If the periods and length of  satisfy certain conditions, then this third period can equal . In this case then, the theorem's conclusion is that  is a power of a single letter. The theorem was introduced in 1963 by Nathan Fine and Herbert Wilf. It is easy to prove, and has uses across theoretical computer science and symbolic dynamics.

Sturmian word
In mathematics, more specifically in combinatorics on words, a Sturmian word (Sturmian sequence or billiard sequence), named after Jacques Charles François Sturm, is a certain kind of infinitely long sequence of characters. Such a sequence can be generated by considering a game of English billiards on a square table. The struck ball will successively hit the vertical and horizontal edges labelled 0 and 1 generating a sequence of letters. This sequence is a Sturmian word.
June Nasrallah
June Nasrallah is Barbara McClintock Professor in the Plant Biology Section of the School of Integrative Plant Science at Cornell University. Her research focuses on plant reproductive biology and the cell-cell interactions that underlie self-incompatibility in plants belonging to the mustard (Brassicaceae) family. She was elected to the US National Academy of Sciences in 2003 for this work and her contributions generally to our understanding of receptor-based signaling in plants.

Pollen tube
A pollen tube is a tubular structure produced by the male gametophyte of seed plants when it germinates. Pollen tube elongation is an integral stage in the plant life cycle. The pollen tube acts as a conduit to transport the male gamete cells from the pollen grain—either from the stigma (in flowering plants) to the ovules at the base of the pistil or directly through ovule tissue in some gymnosperms. In maize, this single cell can grow longer than 12 inches (30 cm) to traverse the length of the pistil.

Pollen tubes were first discovered by Giovanni Battista Amici in the 19th century.

They are used as a model for understanding plant cell behavior. Research is ongoing to comprehend how the pollen tube responds to extracellular guidance signals to achieve fertilization.

Pollen tubes are unique to seed plants and their structures have evolved over their history since the Carboniferous period. Pollen tube formation is complex and the mechanism is not fully understood.
NGC 1326
NGC 1326 is a lenticular galaxy in the constellation Fornax, 63 million light-years away. It was discovered by English astronomer John Herschel on 29 November 1837. It is a member of the Fornax Cluster, an NGC 1316 subgroup and has a diameter of 70 000 light-years.

NGC 1326 is an early-type lenticular galaxy with a Hubble classification of S0, but it is very different from other early-type lenticulars in the Fornax Cluster. NGC 1326 has a nuclear ring.

Fornax
Fornax (/ˈfɔːrnæks/) is a constellation in the southern celestial hemisphere, partly ringed by the celestial river Eridanus. Its name is Latin for furnace. It was named by French astronomer Nicolas Louis de Lacaille in 1756. Fornax is one of the 88 modern constellations.

The three brightest stars—Alpha, Beta and Nu Fornacis—form a flattened triangle facing south. With an apparent magnitude of 3.91, Alpha Fornacis is the brightest star in Fornax. Six star systems have been found to have exoplanets. The Fornax Dwarf galaxy is a small faint satellite galaxy of the Milky Way. NGC 1316 is a relatively close radio galaxy.

The Hubble Space Telescope's Ultra-Deep Field is located within Fornax.

It is the 41st largest constellation in the night-sky, occupying an area of 398 square degrees. It is located in the first quadrant of the southern hemisphere (SQ1) and can be seen at latitudes between +50° and -90° during the month of December.
Moeraki River
The Moeraki River is a river of the West Coast Region of New Zealand's South Island. It flows west from the Southern Alps, veering northwest as it approaches the coast. It flows into the eastern end of the small Lake Moeraki before flowing out the western end to reach the Tasman Sea 20 kilometres northeast of Haast.

Haast, New Zealand
Haast is a small town in the Westland District on the West Coast of New Zealand's South Island. The township is beside the Haast River,  3 kilometres (2 mi) south of Haast Junction, on State Highway 6. The Haast region is in Te Wahipounamu – The South West New Zealand World Heritage, a UNESCO World Heritage Site designated in 1990.
John Blakeney (died 1747)
John Blakeney (c. 1703 – 21 August 1747) was an Irish Member of Parliament.

He was born the son of Robert Blakeney and Sarah née Ormsby Blakeney.

He was High Sheriff of County Galway for 1727 and 1738 and then represented Athenry in the Irish House of Commons from November 1727 to his death.

He married Grace Persse, daughter of Henry Persse of Roxborough, and was the father of Robert Blakeney, John Blakeney, Theophilus Blakeney and William Blakeney. He lived at Abbert, near Monivea.

High Sheriff of County Galway
The High Sheriff of County Galway was the Sovereign's judicial representative in County Galway. Initially an office for lifetime, assigned by the Sovereign, the High Sheriff became annually appointed from the Provisions of Oxford in 1258. Besides his judicial importance, he had ceremonial and administrative functions and executed High Court Writs.

The first (High) Shrivalties were established before the Norman Conquest in 1066 and date back to Saxon times. In 1908, an Order in Council made the Lord-Lieutenant the Sovereign's prime representative in a county and reduced the High Sheriff's precedence. However the office retained his responsibilities for the preservation of law and order in a county.

In Galway the office of High Sheriff was established when Connacht was shired around 1569 and ceased to exist with the establishment of the Irish Free State in 1922.
Homestead F.C.
Homestead Steel Workers Football Club, better known as Homestead F.C. was the company soccer team for the Homestead Steel Works of Homestead, Pennsylvania.  It played in a variety of local amateur and semi-professional soccer leagues in Western Pennsylvania.  In 1915, Homestead won the Pittsburgh and District Association Football League (PDAFL) and in 1916 took the Western Pennsylvania State Cup.  In 1915, 1917 and 1919, Homestead was knocked out of the National Challenge Cup by Bethlehem Steel.

Bethlehem Steel F.C. (1907–1930)
Bethlehem Steel Football Club (1907–1930) was one of the most successful early American soccer clubs. Known as the Bethlehem Football Club from 1907 until 1915 when it became the Bethlehem Steel Football Club, the team was sponsored by the Bethlehem Steel corporation.  Bethlehem Steel FC played their home games first at East End Field in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, in the Lehigh Valley, then later on the grounds Bethlehem Steel built on Elizabeth Ave named Bethlehem Steel Athletic Field.
Trade wind cumulus cloud
Trade wind cumulus (or trade cumulus) clouds are formed by cooling and moisture absorption of the dry trade winds over the relatively cold sea surface in the eastern parts of the oceans.  These are  clouds, typically Cumulus humilis or Cumulus mediocris, which are considered as fair weather clouds.

Characteristic for trade wind clouds is the uniform height of the upper cloud limit, which typically lies between 1000 and 1500 meters and thus indicates the altitude of the trade wind inversion. Due to orographic lift at  mountains, the clouds can also rise higher, but the trade wind inversion also limits a further rise here, so that even in this case a light drizzle can occur at best. At night, the trade wind clouds usually dissipate again, especially over land.

Cumulus mediocris cloud
Cumulus mediocris is a low- to middle-level cloud with some vertical extent (Family D1) of the genus cumulus, taller than cumulus humilis. It also may exhibit small protuberances from the top and may show the cauliflower form characteristic of cumulus clouds.

Cumulus mediocris clouds do not generally produce precipitation of more than very light intensity, but can further develop into clouds such as cumulus congestus or cumulonimbus, which do produce precipitation and severe storms.

Cumulus mediocris is also classified as a low cloud and is coded CL2 by the World Meteorological Organization.
Aeroflot Flight 6263
Aeroflot Flight 6263 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Krasnodar International Airport to Perm International Airport, with stopovers in Volgograd, Saratov, and Kazan. Shortly before the flight was scheduled to land in Perm on 21 January 1973, the aircraft entered a downward spiral and crashed in Bolshesosnovsky District approximately 91 km (57 mi; 49 nmi) from Perm International Airport, its intended destination. Of the 39 passengers and crew on board the aircraft, four survived the initial crash; however, all survivors had died by the time rescuers arrived at the scene.

Perm International Airport
Perm International Airport (Russian: Международный аэропорт Пермь) (IATA: PEE, ICAO: USPP) is an international airport located at Bolshoye Savino, 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) southwest of the city of Perm, Russia. It is the only airport in Perm Krai with scheduled commercial flights, and serves as Perm's main civilian airport, with bus and minibus services operating during the daytime to the city's main bus terminus.

Perm International is a joint civil-military airfield, hosting a small number of Mikoyan MiG-31 (NATO: Foxhound) fighters of the Russian Aerospace Forces operated by the 764th Fighter Aviation Regiment which is part of the 21st Composite Aviation Division which is part of the 14th Air and Air Defence Forces Army.
EFASI RNA motif
The Enterobactericaea, Frequently Around STAXI and Integrases (EFASI RNA motif) is a conserved RNA structure that was discovered by bioinformatics.
EFASI motifs are found in some organisms in the lineage Enterobacteriaceae.

EFASI RNAs likely function in trans as small RNAs.  Many EFASI RNAs are found downstream of STAXI RNA motif examples and upstream of integrase-encoding genes, and the distance between the motifs is several hundred base pairs.  Although this association likely relates to the function of EFASI RNAs, this function is not yet known.

Bioinformatics discovery of non-coding RNAs
Non-coding RNAs have been discovered using both experimental and bioinformatic approaches.  Bioinformatic approaches can be divided into three main categories.  The first involves homology search, although these techniques are by definition unable to find new classes of ncRNAs.  The second category includes algorithms designed to discover specific types of ncRNAs that have similar properties.  Finally, some discovery methods are based on very general properties of RNA, and are thus able to discover entirely new kinds of ncRNAs.
2022 Men's FIH Hockey Nations Cup
The 2022 Men's FIH Hockey Nations Cup was the first edition of the Men's FIH Hockey Nations Cup, the annual qualification tournament for the Men's FIH Pro League organised by the International Hockey Federation. The tournament was held at the NWU Astro in Potchefstroom, South Africa from 28 November to 4 December 2022.

South Africa beat Ireland in the final and as the winners were promoted to the 2023–24 Men's FIH Pro League.

Potchefstroom
Potchefstroom (locally /ˈpɒtʃɛfstrʊərm/ POTCH-ef-stroorm; Afrikaans pronunciation: [ˌpɔtʃɛfˈstruəm]), known colloquially as Potch, is an academic city in the North West Province of South Africa. It hosts the Potchefstroom Campus of North-West University. Potchefstroom is situated on the Mooi River (Afrikaans for "pretty river"), approximately 120 km (75 mi) west-southwest of Johannesburg and 45 km (28 mi) east-northeast of Klerksdorp.
Árbæjarhverfi í Ölfusi
Árbæjarhverfi í Ölfusi (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈaurˌpaiːjarˌkʰvɛrvɪ i ˈœlvʏsɪ, -xʷɛrvɪ]) is a municipality in Árnessýslu, Iceland, with a population of 81 people in 2016. It is the smallest municipality of Iceland in terms of the number of inhabitants. There is now only one dairy farm operating in Ölfusi (Hvammur), but they were numerous in the past. The municipality is composed of the residential areas of Hveragerði, Þorlakshofn Árbæjarhverfi considered to town hall that Hveragerði. In 2011, the Ölfus assigned a specific postal code, 816, to distinguish it from other municipality of the South.

Ölfus
Ölfus (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈœlvʏs] ⓘ) is a municipality located in Iceland. The major town is called Þorlákshöfn. The bottled water brand Icelandic Glacial is manufactured in this area, at the Ölfus spring.
Sindhi clothing
Sindhi clothing are a part of the Sindhi culture. Sindhi women and men wear the Shalwar Qameez or the Kurta with Pyjama. Women also wear Sari or ghagra. However, before the adoption of the Shalwar kameez, kurta, the Sari as well as other articles of clothing, Sindhis had their own traditional costumes.

Bandhani
Bandhani is a type of tie-dye textile decorated by plucking the cloth with the fingernails into many tiny bindings that form a figurative design.  Today, most Bandhani making centers are situated in Gujarat, Rajasthan, Sindh, Punjab region and in Tamil Nadu where it is known as Sungudi. It is known as chunri in Pakistan.
Earliest evidence of Bandhani dates back to Indus Valley civilization where dyeing was done as early as 4000 B.C. The earliest example of the most pervasive type of Bandhani dots can be seen in the 6th century paintings depicting the life of Buddha found on the wall of Cave at Ajanta. Bandhani is also known as Bandhej Saree, Bandhni, Piliya, and Chungidi in Tamil and regional dialects. Other tying techniques include Mothra, Ekdali and Shikari depending on the manner in which the cloth is tied. The final products are known with various names including Khombi, Ghar Chola, Patori and Chandrokhani.
Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest 2023
Spain was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2023 with the song "Eaea", written by Álvaro Tato, José Pablo Polo, and Blanca Paloma, and performed by Blanca Paloma herself. The Spanish participating broadcaster, Radiotelevisión Española (RTVE), together with the Generalitat Valenciana, organised Benidorm Fest 2023 in order to select its entry for the 2023 contest. Eighteen entries were selected to compete in the national final, which consists of three shows: two semi-finals and a final. Eight entries ultimately qualified to compete in the final on 4 February 2023, and the winner was determined by a combination of votes from an expert jury, a demoscopic panel and a televote.

As part of the "Big Five", Spain directly qualified to compete in the final of the Eurovision Song Contest.

Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest 1995
Spain was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1995 with the song "Vuelve conmigo", written by José María Purón, and performed by Anabel Conde. The Spanish participating broadcaster, Televisión Española (TVE), internally selected its entry for the contest. The song, performed in position 9, placed second out of twenty-three competing entries with 119 points.
Białystok pogrom
The Belostok (Białystok) pogrom occurred between 14–16 June 1906 (1–3 June Old Style) in Białystok, Poland (which at the time was part of the Russian Empire).

The names of 80 victims killed in the 1906 pogrom are recorded on a memorial pillar erected in a Białystok cemetery, though the exact number of casualties will likely never be known because victims were taken to multiple hospitals, other towns, and to private homes. 90 others were gravely wounded with both local police and the Imperial authorities held to blame for the tragedy.

The official Russian State Duma report on the pogrom found that it was pre-planned by the government and police administration and directly led to the systematic shooting of "peaceful Jewish residents, women, and children."

The Białystok pogrom was one of a series of violent outbreaks against Jews between 1903 and 1908, including the Kishinev pogrom, the Odessa pogrom, and the Kiev pogrom.

Kiev pogrom (1905)
The Kiev pogrom of October 18-October 20 (October 31-November 2, 1905, N.S.) came as a result of the collapse of the city hall meeting of October 18, 1905 in Kiev in the Russian Empire. Consequently, a mob was drawn into the streets. Among the perpetrators were monarchists, reactionaries, anti-Semites, and common criminals, proclaiming that "all Russia's troubles stemmed from the machinations of the Jews and socialists." The pogrom resulted in a massacre of approximately 100 Jews.
2007 All-Pacific-10 Conference football team
The 2007 All-Pacific-10 Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Pacific-10 Conference teams for the 2007 college football season. The USC Trojans won the conference, posting a 7–2 conference record. USC then beat the Illinois Fighting Illini in the Rose Bowl 49 to 17. Oregon quarterback Dennis Dixon was unanimously voted Pac-10 Offensive Player of the Year. USC defensive tackle Sedrick Ellis was voted Pat Tillman Pac-10 Defensive Player of the Year.

Dennis Dixon
Dennis Lee Dixon Jr. (born January 11, 1985) is an American former professional football player who was a quarterback in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Oregon Ducks. Dixon was selected by the Pittsburgh Steelers in the fifth round of the 2008 NFL draft and played with the team through 2011. He was a member of the Baltimore Ravens practice squad during the 2012 season in which they won a Super Bowl.
Evolution of Macropodidae
The Macropodidae are an extant family of marsupial with the distinction of the ability to move bipedally on the hind legs, sometimes by jumping, as well as quadrupedally. They are herbivores, but some fossil genera like Ekaltadeta are hypothesised to have been carnivores. The taxonomic affiliations within the family and with other groups of marsupials is still in flux.

Ekaltadeta
Ekaltadeta is an extinct genus of marsupials related to the modern musky rat-kangaroos. Ekaltadeta was present in what is today the Riversleigh formations in Northern Queensland from the Late Oligocene to the Miocene, and the genus includes three species. The genus is hypothesized to have been either exclusively carnivorous, or omnivorous with a fondness for meat, based on the chewing teeth found in fossils. This conclusion is based mainly on the size and shape of a large buzz-saw-shaped cheek-tooth, the adult third premolar, which is common to all Ekaltadeta.

Fossils of the animals include two near complete skulls, and numerous upper and lower jaws.
P&O Bank
P&O Banking Corporation, was a bank established in 1920, by P&O to develop its private banking business.

In 1927 it was sold to Chartered Bank of India, Australia & China and amalgamated into to the global operations of Chartered Bank.

Standard Chartered
Standard Chartered PLC is a British multinational bank with operations in wealth management, corporate and investment banking, and treasury services. Despite being headquartered in the United Kingdom, it does not conduct retail banking in the UK, and around 90% of its profits come from Asia, Africa, and the Middle East.

Standard Chartered has a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. It has secondary listings on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, the National Stock Exchange of India, and OTC Markets Group Pink. Its largest shareholder is the Government of Singapore–owned Temasek Holdings. The Financial Stability Board considers it a systemically important bank.

Maria Ramos is the group chair of Standard Chartered. Bill Winters is the current group chief executive.
Ion Aircraft Ion
The Ion Aircraft is a two-seat, twin boom, pusher configuration light aircraft based on the DreamWings Valkyrie.  It was still in development in 2010 but is intended either for homebuilding from kits or flyaway production, with versions meeting US and European rules.

By November 2020 the company was for sale. GCM  a capital management firm based in San Diego, California completed the acquisition of Ion Aircraft on 10 September 2021. In September 2021, the company was fully acquired by GCM Capital Management, based in San Diego, California. The acquisition was led by John Chen, who now fully owns and operates ION Aircraft.

Twin-boom aircraft
A twin-boom aircraft has two longitudinal auxiliary spars, or "auxiliary booms" , that may contain ancillary components such as fuel tanks and/or provide a supporting structure for other items. Typically, twin tailbooms support the tail surfaces, although on some types such as the Rutan Model 72 Grizzly the booms run forward of the wing. The twin-boom configuration is distinct from twin-fuselage designs in that it retains a central fuselage.
Dana White's Contender Series Brazil
In 2018 "Contender Series Brasil" debuted as a spin off Dana White's Contender Series. Unlike the U.S. version this was not shown live and instead was recorded over two days, August 10 and 11, 2018. The fifteen fights are then broadcast over three episodes on Combate, Globo and SporTV from August 24.

Dana White's Contender Series
Dana White's Contender Series, formerly named Dana White's Tuesday Night Contender Series, is an American mixed martial arts promotion. In May 2017, the UFC announced White would hold the competition weekly on UFC Fight Pass (It has since been moved to ESPN+). As with the earlier web series Looking for a Fight, the goal of the series is for White to scout talent for the UFC. Similar to The Ultimate Fighter none of the fighters involved will have existing UFC contracts. Licensed separately from the UFC with Dana White applying for a promoter's license, it was stated ahead of the license being approved that "this is not the UFC, this is not the UFC brand, but instead a promotion that will allow up and coming fighters the chance to showcase their talents in hopes that one day they may compete in the UFC."

The inaugural event took place on July 11, 2017. All events have been held at the UFC's home base of Las Vegas.
Theater District station
Theater District is a light rail station in Houston, Texas on the METRORail system. It is the western terminus of the Green and Purple lines, and is located on Capitol and Rusk streets near Smith Street. The station is named for the Houston Theater District.

Theater District station opened on May 23, 2015.

METRORail Green Line
The Green Line is a 3.3 mi (5.3 km) METRORail light rail/streetcar line operated by METRO in Houston, Texas, serving the East End area. The first seven-station segment of this line opened on  May 23, 2015. The two-station eastern end of this route was delayed due to issues over crossing Union Pacific Railroad tracks, but eventually opened in January 2017.