hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pakistan Automated Fingerprint Identification System
The Pakistan Automated Fingerprint Identification System (PAFIS) is a biometric identification system used by law enforcement agencies in Pakistan to identify and track criminals and suspects. PAFIS was developed by the National Database and Registration Authority (NADRA) in collaboration with the Federal Investigation Agency (FIA) and other law enforcement agencies.

PAFIS uses advanced fingerprint recognition technology to scan and match fingerprints of individuals against a central database of known criminals and suspects. The system can also search for partial or distorted fingerprints and can store data on palm prints and footprints as well.

PAFIS has been used in a number of high-profile criminal investigations in Pakistan, including terrorist attacks and kidnappings. It has also been used to identify missing persons and to track down individuals who have gone missing or are wanted for criminal offenses.

Federal Investigation Agency
The Federal Investigation Agency (Urdu: وفاقی تحقیقاتی ایجنسی, romanized: Wafaqi Tehqeeqati Agensi; reporting name: FIA) is a border control, criminal investigation, counter-intelligence and security agency under the control of the interior secretary of Pakistan, tasked with investigative jurisdiction on undertaking operations against terrorism, espionage, federal crimes, smuggling as well as infringement and other specific crimes.

Codified under the Constitution of Pakistan in 1974, the institution functions under the Ministry of Interior (MoI). The FIA also undertakes international operations with the close co-operation and co-ordination of Interpol. Headquartered in Islamabad, the agency has various branches and field offices located in all major cities throughout Pakistan.
Larceny Act 1827
The Larceny Act 1827 (7 & 8 Geo. 4. c. 29) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that consolidated enactments related to larceny in England and Wales.

The act was one of Peel's Acts which consolidated, repealed and replaced a large number of existing statutes. The enactments replaced by the act were repealed by the Criminal Statutes Repeal Act 1827 (7 & 8 Geo. 4. c. 27).

Similar provisions were made for Ireland by the Larceny (Ireland) Act 1828 (9 Geo. 4. c. 55).

Aiding and abetting
Aiding and abetting is a legal doctrine related to the guilt of someone who aids or abets (encourages, incites) another person in the commission of a crime (or in another's suicide). It exists in a number of different countries and generally allows a court to pronounce someone guilty for aiding and abetting in a crime even if they are not the principal offender. English common law distinguished aiding and abetting from being an accessory before the fact in that the former required presence at the crime, while the latter required absence from the crime. Some jurisdictions maintain that distinction. Other jurisdictions have merged being an accessory before the fact with aiding and abetting.
Global Electric Motorcars
Global Electric Motorcars (GEM) is an American automotive manufacturer specializing in neighborhood electric vehicles (NEVs) since 1998 and low-speed vehicles (LSVs) since 2001. By October 2015 the company had sold over 50,000 GEM Battery electric vehicles worldwide. Originally owned by Chrysler, GEM was acquired by Polaris Inc. in 2011. In January 2022, it became a wholly owned subsidiary of Waev.

Low-speed vehicle
In the United States and Canada, low-speed vehicle (LSV) regulations allow relaxed design and registration laws for four-wheel vehicles that have a maximum capable speed of about 25 mph (40 km/h). Several other countries have similar regulations.
Guarrato
Guarrato is a frazione of the comune of Misiliscemi, located on the road to Marsala, about 10 km from Trapani city, on the west coast of Sicily in Italy.

The origin of the settlement dates to the 13th century. According to one theory, the name of the settlement comes from the Sicilian word "guarratu", which might be a variant of "quadradu" (square). Another theory derives the name from the Marsalese Guarrato family, which settled in the area.

Marsala
Marsala (Italian: [marˈsaːla], local Sicilian: [maɪsˈsaːla]; Latin: Lilybaeum) is a city and comune located in the Province of Trapani in the westernmost part of Sicily. With a population of 79,693, Marsala is the fifth largest city in Sicily.

The town is famous for the docking of Giuseppe Garibaldi on 11 May 1860 (the Expedition of the Thousand) and for its Marsala wine. A feature of the area is the Stagnone Lagoon Natural Reserve – a marine area with salt ponds.
Al-Sadr Online
Al-Sadr Online was the official website of the High Board for Media of Al-Sadr's Office. The High Board is the media organization of Muqtada Al-Sadr, a Shia Muslim Iraqi religious and political leader. The site, which commenced operation in 2007, performs several functions in support of Sadrist objectives.  The site's distinct format includes a section in which Al-Sadr offers religious opinions in response to queries from site followers. Al-Sadr Online publishes news about Sadrist political, social, and religious activities in southern Iraq and the Arab world. In addition, the Board's staff also posts commentary on issues pertaining to Iraqi and pan-Arab politics as well as some international news. The site posts numerous links to pages of organizations sympathetic to the Sadrist Movement, many of which are based in Iran and Lebanon. Al-Sadr Online posts most of its content in Arabic, though it does maintain a less robust English page.

United States Forces – Iraq
The United States Forces – Iraq (USF-I) was an American military sub-unified command, part of U.S. Central Command.  It was stationed in Iraq as agreed with the Government of Iraq under the U.S.–Iraq Status of Forces Agreement.  USF–I replaced the previous commands Multi-National Force – Iraq, Multi-National Corps – Iraq, and Multi-National Security Transition Command – Iraq from January 2010. General Raymond T. Odierno initially served as commanding general but he was replaced by General Lloyd Austin in September of 2010. The logo of the USF-I depicts a lamassu.

As of May 2011, all non-U.S. coalition members had withdrawn from Iraq. The vast majority of Department of Defense personnel then withdrew by 18 December 2011. Only 147 DOD personnel remained at the Embassy of the United States, Baghdad.
National Archery Federation of Armenia
The National Archery Federation of Armenia (Armenian: Հայաստանի նետաձգության ազգային ֆեդերացիա), also known as the Armenian Archery Federation, is the regulating body of archery in Armenia, governed by the Armenian Olympic Committee. The headquarters of the federation is located in Yerevan.

Armenian Olympic Committee
The Armenian Olympic Committee (ARMNOC; Armenian: Հայաստանի ազգային օլիմպիական կոմիտե, romanized: Hayastani Olimpiakan Komite; IOC Code: ARM) is the National Olympic Committee responsible for Armenia's participation in the Olympic Games. It is headquartered in Yerevan.
2016 Milex Open
The 2016 Milex Open was a professional tennis tournament played on green clay courts. It was the second edition of the tournament which was part of the 2016 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic between 8 February and 14 February 2016.

Santo Domingo Open (tennis)
The RD Open was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor green clay courts in the Dominican Republic (originally known as the Milex Open). It was part of the ATP Challenger Tour from 2015 until 2024. The tournament was held in the Santo Domingo Tennis Club (La Bocha) in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.
Holy Family Catholic Schools
Holy Family Catholic Schools (HFCS) is a Roman Catholic school system based in Dubuque, Iowa (USA). Holy Family, which operates schools in eastern Dubuque County, is a part of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Dubuque. As of the 2011–2012 school year, HFCS has 1,837 students enrolled in its schools (excluding preschools).

Archdiocese of Dubuque
The Archdiocese of Dubuque (Latin: Archidiœcesis Dubuquensis) is an archdiocese of the Catholic Church in the northeastern quarter of the state of Iowa in the United States. Erected in 1837, the dioces was elevated to an archdiocese in 1893. It is a metropolitan archdiocese with three suffragan dioceses.
Babille, Somali (woreda)
Babille (Somali: Babiile) is a woreda in the Somali Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Fafan Zone, Babille is bordered on the west by the Babile, Midhaga and Fedis districts of the Oromia region, on the north by Gursum district of the Faafan zone, on the east by the Dhagaxmadow district of the Jarar zone and the Qabribayax district of the Faafan zone, and on the south by Fiq district in the Erer zone. The center of this district is the Dhandhame town.

Gursum, Somali (woreda)
Gursum is a woreda in Somali Region, Ethiopia. Part of the Fafan Zone, Gursum (Somali: Dagmada Gursum) is one of the districts (woredas) in the Somali Region of Ethiopia. It is part of the Fafan Zone, located in the eastern part of the region.Gursum is bordered by:North: Gursum District of the Oromia Region West: Babile District East: Jijiga District South: Goljanno District in the Somali Region
En sommardag i Kangasala
En sommardag i Kangasala (transl. Summer Day at Kangasala, Finnish: Kesäpäivä Kangasalla), also known as Jag gungar på högsta grenen (Finnish: Mä oksalla ylimmällä), is a poem written in Swedish by Zachris Topelius in 1853. Gabriel Linsén set it to music in 1864. It was made into the regional anthem of Pirkanmaa, Finland in 1995, in its Finnish translation.

The poem was first published in 1853 in the newspaper Helsingfors Tidningar (while Topelius was editor), and in 1854 as part of Sylvia's songs in the collection Ljungblommor, part III.

Regional anthems of Finland
Regional anthems of Finland (Finnish: Suomen maakuntalaulut, Swedish: Finländska landskapssånger) are songs which were composed or later selected to be anthems of Finland's historical provinces and current regions. The best known regional anthems in Finland are Karjalaisten laulu (anthem of North Karelia and South Karelia) and Nälkämaan laulu (anthem of Kainuu).

The oldest regional anthem in Finland, Savolaisen laulu, was born out of patriotism when laws limiting publishing and Finnish student nations were passed in the Grand Duchy of Finland in the 1850s. This first regional anthem also worked as a model for the others with its structure, with depictions of the region's history, nature and people. Just like Savolaisen laulu, many other regional anthems were later created for student nations around the country, as well as other societies.
1970 Offaly Senior Hurling Championship
The 1970 Offaly Senior Hurling Championship was the 73rd staging of the Offaly Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Offaly County Board in 1896.

St Rynagh's entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 25 October 1970 at St Brendan's Park in Birr, between St Rynagh's and Kinnitty, in what was their second consecutive meeting in the final. St Rynagh's won the match by 1–12 to 2–08 to claim their fifth championship title overall and a third championship title in succession.

Offaly Senior Hurling Championship
The Offaly Senior Hurling Championship (known for sponsorship reasons as the Molloy Environmental Senior Hurling Championship) is an annual hurling competition contested by top-tier Offaly GAA clubs. The Offaly County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association has organised it since 1896.

Kilcormac–Killoughey are the title-holders, defeating shinrone by 1–24 to 2–14 in the 2025 final.
Cime de la Malédie
Cime de la Malédie (Italian: Cima Maledia) is a mountain in the Maritime Alps, on the France–Italy border. Its French part is located in the upper Gordolasque valley, in the commune of Belvédère, in the department of Alpes-Maritimes.

Maritime Alps
The Maritime Alps (French: Alpes Maritimes [alp maʁitim]; Italian: Alpi Marittime [ˈalpi maˈrittime]) are a mountain range in the southwestern part of the Alps. They form the border between the French region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur and the Italian regions of Piedmont and Liguria. They are the southernmost part of the Alps.
Rapidus
Rapidus Corporation (Japanese: Rapidus株式会社, Hepburn: Rapidus Kabushiki-gaisha) is a semiconductor manufacturer headquartered in Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan. Rapidus was established in August 2022 with the support of eight major Japanese companies:  Denso, Kioxia, MUFG Bank, NEC, NTT, SoftBank, Sony, and Toyota. The goal of Rapidus is to increase advanced semiconductor manufacturing capacity with a 2 nm process by 2027.

Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry
The Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (経済産業省, Keizai-sangyō-shō; lit. 'Ministry of Economy and Industry'; METI) is a ministry of the Government of Japan. It was created by the 2001 Central Government Reform when the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) merged with agencies from other ministries related to economic activities, such as the Economic Planning Agency.

METI has jurisdiction over a broad policy area, containing Japan's industrial/trade policies, energy security, control of arms exports, "Cool Japan", etc.

The Ministry has its headquarters in Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda Ward, Tokyo. Its current head is Ryosei Akazawa, who was appointed minister by Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi in October 2025.
Polyfullerene
Polyfullerene is a basic polymer of the C60 monomer group, in which fullerene segments are connected via covalent bonds into a polymeric chain without side or bridging groups. They are called intrinsic polymeric fullerenes, or more often all C60 polymers.

Fullerene can be part of a polymer chain in many different ways. Fullerene-containing polymers are divided into following structural categories:

Intrinsic polymeric fullerene (homopolymer),

Main-chain polymers,

Side-chain polymers,

Star polymers,

Crosslinked polymers,

End-caped polymers.

Star-shaped polymer
In polymer science, star-shaped polymers are the simplest class of branched polymers with a general structure consisting of several (at least three) linear chains connected to a central core. The core, or the center, of the polymer can be an atom, molecule, or macromolecule; the chains, or "arms", consist of variable-length organic chains. Star-shaped polymers in which the arms are all equivalent in length and structure are considered homogeneous, and ones with variable lengths and structures are considered heterogeneous.

Star-shaped polymers' unique shape and associated properties, such as their compact structure, high arm density, efficient synthetic routes, and unique rheological properties make them promising tools for use in drug delivery, other biomedical applications, thermoplastics, and nanoelectronics among other applications.
5D Chess with Multiverse Time Travel
5D Chess with Multiverse Time Travel is a 2020 chess variant video game developed by Conor Petersen at American studio Thunkspace, released for Microsoft Windows, macOS, and Linux. Its titular mechanic, multiverse time travel, allows pieces to travel through time and between timelines in a similar way to how they move through ranks and files. Gameplay begins similarly to ordinary chess, but becomes more complex as players branch additional timelines. Besides the standard starting position, the game features a selection of variant starting positions. Additionally, a puzzle mode is included.

Petersen was inspired to create the game by other chess variants, including bughouse chess, three-dimensional chess, and four-player chess. The game's concept initially came from the idea of using time as a dimension of movement. The game received positive reviews from players and critics.

Bughouse chess
Bughouse chess is a popular chess variant played on two chessboards by four players in teams of two. It is also known as exchange chess, tandem chess, transfer chess, double bughouse, doubles chess, cross chess, swap chess, or simply bughouse, bugsy, or bug. The name Siamese chess is also used but should not be confused with Thai chess. Normal chess rules apply, except that captured pieces on one board are passed on to the teammate on the other board, who then has the option of putting these pieces on their board.

The game is usually played at a fast time control. Together with the passing and dropping of pieces, this can make the game look chaotic to the casual onlooker, hence the name bughouse, which is slang for mental hospital. Yearly, several dedicated bughouse tournaments are organized on a national and an international level.
Wiki software
Wiki software (also known as a wiki engine or a wiki application) is collaborative software that runs a wiki, which allows the users to create and collaboratively edit pages or entries via a web browser. A wiki system is usually a web application that runs on one or more web servers. The content, including previous revisions, is usually stored in either a file system or a database. Wikis are a type of web content management system, and the most commonly supported off-the-shelf software that web hosting facilities offer.

There are dozens of actively maintained wiki engines. They vary in the platforms they run on,  the programming language they were developed in, whether they are open-source or proprietary, their support for natural language characters and conventions, and their assumptions about technical versus social control of editing.

SharePoint
SharePoint is a web-based collaborative platform primarily used for building corporate intranets, document and content management, and file sharing. Developed by Microsoft, It is primarily used as part of the hosted service Microsoft 365, but it can also be hosted by an IT department or service provider, using an on premises version called "Server Edition". Launched in 2001, it was initially bundled with Windows Server as Windows SharePoint Server, then renamed Microsoft Office SharePoint Server, and then finally renamed SharePoint.

According to Microsoft, as of December 2020, SharePoint had over 200 million users.
James Dolan (businessman)
James Lawrence Dolan (born May 11, 1955) is an American businessman, and the executive chairman and chief executive officer of Madison Square Garden Sports and Madison Square Garden Entertainment, and executive chairman of MSG Networks. As the companies' chairman, Dolan oversees all operations within the company and supervises day-to-day operations of its professional sports teams, the New York Knicks and New York Rangers, as well as their regional sports networks, which include MSG Network and MSG Plus. Dolan was previously CEO of Cablevision, founded by his father, until its sale in June 2016 to European telecom conglomerate Altice.

Clara Wu Tsai
Clara Wu Tsai (born 1966) is an American businesswoman, philanthropist, and social justice activist. She is a co-owner of the Brooklyn Nets of the National Basketball Association (NBA), the New York Liberty of the Women’s National Basketball Association (WNBA), the San Diego Seals of the National Lacrosse League (NLL) and Barclays Center. She is the founder of the Joe and Clara Tsai Foundation, a philanthropic organization; the Social Justice Fund, which focuses on economic mobility and racial justice; the Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, which funds health and scientific research; and is a founding partner of REFORM Alliance, a nonprofit focused on prison and parole reform in the United States.
Gmina Joniec
Gmina Joniec is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Płońsk County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Joniec, which lies approximately 14 kilometres (8 mi) east of Płońsk and 50 km (31 mi) south-east of Warsaw.

The gmina covers an area of 72.64 square kilometres (28.0 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 2,613 (2,614 in 2013).

Płońsk
Płońsk (Polish: [pwɔj̃sk] ⓘ; Yiddish: פּלאָנסק, romanized: Plonsk) is a town in central Poland with 21,591 inhabitants (2022). Situated at the Płonka river in the historic region of Mazovia, it is the seat of Płońsk County in the Masovian Voivodeship.
Biscayan dialect
Biscayan, sometimes Bizkaian (Basque: bizkaiera, Spanish: vizcaíno or vizcaino), is a dialect of the Basque language spoken mainly in Biscay, one of the provinces of the Basque Country of Spain.

It is named as Western in the Basque dialects' classification drawn up by linguist Koldo Zuazo, since it is not only spoken in Biscay but also extends slightly into the northern fringes of Alava and deeper in the western part of Gipuzkoa. The dialect's territory bears great similarity to that of the Caristii tribe, as described by Roman authors.

While it is treated as stylish to write in Biscayan and the dialect is still spoken generally in about half of Biscay and some other municipalities, it suffers from the pressure of Spanish.

Biscayan was used by Sabino Arana and his early Basque nationalist followers as one of the signs of Basqueness.

Legutio
Legutio (also known as Legutiano; Villarreal de Álava in Spanish) is a town and municipality located in the province of Álava, in the Basque Country, northern Spain. It includes the concejos of Elosu, Goiain, Urrunaga and Urbina.
Henry Caldwell
Henry Caldwell (c. 1735 – 28 May 1810) was a distinguished military officer, successful businessman, and influential member of the Legislative Council of Lower Canada. Known for his leadership during critical battles such as the Siege of Quebec, he also became a prominent landowner and key figure in the economic and political development of the colony in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.

Sainte-Foy, Quebec City
Sainte-Foy (English: /seɪntˈfwɑː/; French: [sɛ̃t fwa]) is a former city in central Quebec, Canada alongside the Saint Lawrence River. It was amalgamated into Quebec City at the start of 2002. Most of the formerly independent municipality of Sainte-Foy is located in the borough (French: arrondissement) of Sainte-Foy–Sillery–Cap-Rouge—initially as one of the two constituent districts of the former borough of Sainte-Foy–Sillery. On 1 November 2009, Sainte-Foy was subdivided into four separate districts: Cité-Universitaire, Plateau, Saint-Louis, Pointe-de-Sainte-Foy, when the borough of Sainte-Foy–Sillery–Cap-Rouge was formed.

Sainte-Foy is a major suburban neighbourhood west of downtown Quebec City. It plays a large part in Quebec City's economic life, with the Jean Lesage International Airport, Université Laval, multiple shopping malls, and both bridges to the south shore of the Saint Lawrence River.
Rangpur, Assam
Rangpur (Tai-Ahom:Tsé-Moon/ˈræŋpʊər, ˈrɒŋ-/; Assamese: [ɹɔŋ.puɹ]) is a City the 4th capital of the Ahom kingdom, was established by  Swargadeo Rudra Singha in "Meteka" in 1707 after shifting the capital from Garhgaon.

The place holds many monuments build by the Ahom dynasty, the most notable of which are the Talatal Ghar and the Rang Ghar.

The architectural plan of Rangpur spread over almost a thousand bighas of land. Ghanasyam, an architect from Koch Bihar, was deputed by Rudra Singha to design the city.

Cooch Behar
Cooch Behar (Bengali pronunciation: [kot͡ʃ biɦar]), also known as Koch Bihar, is a city in the Indian state of West Bengal and it stands on bank of the Torsa river. The city is the headquarters of the Cooch Behar district. During the British Raj, Cooch Behar was the seat of the princely state of Cooch Behar. In the North Bengal region, the only planned city with royal heritage is Cooch Behar. The city is a popular tourist destination and cultural hub in Bengal.