hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dimensional weight
Dimensional weight, also known as volumetric weight, is a pricing technique for commercial freight transport (including courier and postal services), which uses an estimated weight that is calculated from the length, width and height of a package.

The shipping fee is based upon the dimensional weight or the actual weight, whichever is greater.

Freight transport
Freight transport, also referred to as freight forwarding, is the physical process of transporting commercial products and merchandise goods and cargo. The term shipping originally referred to transport by sea but in American English, it has been extended to refer to transport by land or air (International English: "carriage") as well. "Logistics", a term borrowed from the military environment, is also used in the same sense.
Wellstye Green
Wellstye Green or Wells Tye Green is a hamlet located between the villages of High Easter and Barnston, in the Uttlesford district of Essex.

It is the location of the Anglian Land Drainage Ltd (at Mawkinsherds Farm).

High Easter
High Easter is a village and a civil parish in the Uttlesford district of Essex, England.

The village is 7 miles (11 km) northwest from the city of and county town of Chelmsford. The parish includes the hamlets of Bishop's Green and Stagden Cross. Parsonage Brook, at 450 yards (400 m) north from the village flows northeast to southwest, meeting at the west of the parish the River Can, whose chief source is at the north, 2.5 miles (4.0 km) from the village, near Bishop's Green. High Easter is part of 'The Easters', an area adjacent to The Rodings. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 718.
2025 Koblenz Open
The 2025 Koblenz Open was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hardcourts. It was the seventh edition of the tournament which was part of the 2025 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Koblenz, Germany from 27 January to 2 February 2025.

2025 ATP Challenger Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour in 2025 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2025 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 217 tournaments with prize money ranging from $60,000 up to $250,000. It was the 48th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle and 17th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Lactarius crassus
Lactarius crassus, commonly known as the gasteroid milk cap, is a North American secotioid fungus species in the family Russulaceae. It was formerly known as part of the Arcangeliella genus, but recent research suggests that the contents of genus Arcangeliella should probably be transferred into the genus Lactarius. It was described from a collection made in Stanislaus National Forest, Northern California.

The buff cap is up to 8 centimetres (3+1⁄4 in) wide and the stipe is up to 2.5 cm long. The spore mass is collected in the rudimentary gills, which are pinkish to yellowish; a spore print is unobtainable. The flesh has an acrid taste, implying it to be inedible.

Secotioid
Secotioid fungi produce an intermediate fruiting body form that is between the mushroom-like hymenomycetes and the closed bag-shaped gasteromycetes, where an evolutionary process of gasteromycetation has started but not run to completion.  Secotioid fungi may or may not have opening caps, but in any case they often lack the vertical geotropic orientation of the hymenophore needed to allow the spores to be dispersed by wind, and the basidiospores are not forcibly discharged or otherwise prevented from being dispersed (e.g. gills completely inclosed and never exposed as in the secotioid form of Lentinus tigrinus)—note—some mycologists do not consider a species to be secotioid unless it has lost ballistospory.
2008 United States House of Representatives elections in New Hampshire
The 2008 United States House of Representatives elections in New Hampshire were held on November 4, 2008, to determine who would represent the state of New Hampshire in the United States House of Representatives during the 111th Congress from January 3, 2009, until January 3, 2011.  Both seats were held by Democratic incumbents before the election, which coincided with the 2008 presidential election, as well as the state's senatorial and gubernatorial elections.

The primary election was held on September 9, 2008.  Republicans selected Former Representative Jeb Bradley and newspaper columnist and radio show host Jennifer Horn to challenge incumbent Representatives Carol Shea-Porter and Paul Hodes.  Although CQ Politics had forecast the First Congressional District to be at risk for a change of party control, both incumbents were re-elected.

2008 United States Senate election in New Hampshire
The 2008 United States Senate election in New Hampshire was held on November 4, 2008. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator John E. Sununu ran for re-election to a second term, but was defeated by Democrat Jeanne Shaheen in a rematch of the 2002 election. Shaheen's win marked the first time since 1972 that a Democrat won this seat, and made her the first Democratic senator elected from New Hampshire since John A. Durkin's victory in 1975.
The Sri Lanka Gazette
The Sri Lanka Gazette, officially The Gazette of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්ත්‍රික සමාජවාදී ජනරජයේ ගැසට් පත්‍රය, romanized: Shrī Laṁkā Prajātāntrika Samājavādī Janarajayē Gæsaṭ Patraya; Tamil: இலங்கை ஜனநாயக சோசலிச குடியரசின் வர்த்தமானி, romanized: Ilaṅkai Jaṉanāyaka Cōcalica Kuṭiyaraciṉ Varttamāṉi) is a public journal of the Government of Sri Lanka. It prints certain statutory notices from the government. Modeled after the Oxford Gazette, the Sri Lanka Gazette is the oldest surviving newspaper in Sri Lanka, having been published continuously since 1802.
Unlike other newspapers, it does not cover general news or have a large circulation. It is printed by the Department of Government Printing.

Government gazette
A government gazette (also known as an official gazette, official journal, official newspaper, official monitor or official bulletin) is a periodical publication that has been authorised to publish public or legal notices. It is usually established by statute or official action, and publication of notices within it, whether by the government or a private party, is usually considered sufficient to comply with legal requirements for public notice.
Gazettes are published either in print, electronically or both.
Three-way comparison
In computer science, a three-way comparison takes two values A and B belonging to a type with a total order and determines whether A < B, A = B, or A > B in a single operation, in accordance with the mathematical law of trichotomy.

It can be implemented in terms of a function (such as strcmp in C), a method (such as compareTo in Java), or an operator (such as the spaceship operator <=> in Perl, PHP and C++).

Lexicographic order
In mathematics, the lexicographic or lexicographical order (also known as lexical order, or dictionary order) is a generalization of the alphabetical order of the dictionaries to sequences of ordered symbols or, more generally, of elements of a totally ordered set.

There are several variants and generalizations of the lexicographical ordering. One variant applies to sequences of different lengths by comparing the lengths of the sequences before considering their elements.

Another variant, widely used in combinatorics, orders subsets of a given finite set by assigning a total order to the finite set, and converting subsets into increasing sequences, to which the lexicographical order is applied.

A generalization defines an order on an n-ary Cartesian product of partially ordered sets; this order is a total order if and only if all factors of the Cartesian product are totally ordered.
Gennady S. Bisnovatyi-Kogan
Gennady Semyonovych Bisnovatyi-Kogan is an astrophysicist. He is known for predicting binary radio pulsars.

Bisnovatyi-Kogan was a student at Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology from 1958-1964. He was a postgraduate student at Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology and Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics from 1964-1967.

Bisnovatyi-Kogan's PhD thesis was titled "Late stages of stellar evolution" (1968, Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics). His doctoral thesis was titled "The equilibrium and stability of stars and stellar systems" (1977, Russian Space Research Institute).

He was employed as a Junior Scientific Fellow at Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics from 1967-1974. Since 1974 he has worked at the Russian Space Research Institute.

Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology
Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT; Russian: Московский физико-технический институт, also known as PhysTech), is a public research university located in Moscow Oblast, Russia. It prepares specialists in theoretical and applied physics, applied mathematics and related disciplines.

The main MIPT campus is located in Dolgoprudny, a northern suburb of Moscow. However the Aeromechanics Department is based in Zhukovsky, a suburb south-east of Moscow.

As Phystech's founder, Pyotr Kapitsa, designed the institute inspired by and in accordance with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology model, Phystech is commonly hailed as the "MIT of Russia" and is considered to be the leading specialized technical institution of higher education in the former Soviet Union.

The rector Dmitry Livanov and Nikolay Kudryavtsev, the president of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, both have signed a letter of support for the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
1980 Washington gubernatorial election
The 1980 Washington gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1980. Incumbent Democratic governor Dixy Lee Ray ran for a second term, but lost in the primary to State Representative Jim McDermott. McDermott was defeated in the general election by Republican candidate John Spellman, the King County Executive. As of 2026, this is the last time a Republican was elected Governor of Washington, thus beginning the longest Democratic streak in any of the 50 state governorships once Spellman left office.

Mason County, Washington
Mason County is a county located in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2020 census, the population was 65,726. The county seat and only incorporated city is Shelton. The county was formed out of Thurston County on March 13, 1854. Originally named Sawamish County, it took its present name in 1864 in honor of Charles H. Mason, the first Secretary of Washington Territory.

Mason County comprises the Shelton micropolitan statistical area and is included in the Seattle-Tacoma combined statistical area.
Takafumi Otsuka
Takafumi Otsuka Japanese: 大塚隆史 (born August 22, 1986) is a Japanese mixed martial artist. He competed in the bantamweight, featherweight and lightweight division. A professional mixed martial artist since 2006, Otsuka is a two-time DEEP Bantamweight Champion and a one-time DEEP Featherweight Champion.

Featherweight (MMA)
The featherweight division in mixed martial arts refers to different weight classes:

The UFC's featherweight division, which groups competitors within 136–145 lb (61.7-65.8 kg)

The Shooto's featherweight division, which limits competitors to 135 lb (61.2 kg)

The ONE Championship's featherweight division, with upper limit at 70.3 kg (155.0 lb)

The Road FC's featherweight division, with upper limit at 145 lb (65.5 kg)
Dance sport in India
Dancesport, also known as competitive dancing, has gained popularity in India over the years. It combines elements of dance, athleticism, and artistic expression.

Dance Sport involves competitive performances in various dance styles. Dancers compete in different categories, showcasing their skills, precision, and creativity. The All India DanceSport Federation (AIDSF) serves as the national sports federation for DanceSport in India.

Jhinuk Alvares is an internationally successful Indian ballroom dancer. Sahira Jain has won gold medals for Latin dance in the National Dance Sport Championship for two years in a row.

All India DanceSport Federation
The All India DanceSport Federation (AIDSF) is the national sports federation for dancesport in India.

The AIDSF was founded in 2003. It is a full member of the World DanceSport Federation, and has been affiliated to the body since 20 June 2007. However, the AIDSF is not recognized by the Indian Olympic Association.
Battle of Marj Marina (657)
The Battle of Marj Marina was fought in 657 CE during the First Fitna between the Iraqi Arab forces of the fourth Rashidun caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib and the Syrian Arab forces of the rebelling long-time governor of the Levant, Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan, for control of the region of Al-Jazira. The dispute escalated into a military confrontation, which resulted in both forces being forced to retreat.

Malik al-Ashtar
Malik al-Ashtar (Arabic: مَالِك ٱلْأَشْتَر), romanized: Mālik al-Ashtar), born Mālik ibn al-Ḥārith al-Nakhaʿī al-Madhḥijī (Arabic: مَالِك ٱبْن ٱلْحَارِث ٱلنَّخَعِيّ ٱلْمَذْحِجِيّ), was an Arab military commander and tribal leader of the Nakha branch of the Madhhij confederation. A prominent figure during the Rashidun Caliphate, he is best known as the most loyal and formidable general of the fourth Caliph, Ali ibn Abi Talib. In Kufa, Malik emerged as a leader of the opposition against Caliph Uthman, playing a key role in the events leading to the Caliph's death. Following the election of Ali, he became the Caliph’s most trusted general and strategist during the First Fitna, holding senior commands at the battles of the Camel and Siffin. In 658, while traveling to assume the governorship of Egypt, Malik was assassinated by poisoning in al-Qulzum. His death was a major strategic blow to Ali’s administration and facilitated the Umayyad conquest of Egypt.
Terminonaris
Terminonaris is a genus of extinct pholidosaurid crocodyliforms that lived during the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian and Turonian) epoch. The name means: “enlarged snout or nose” at the front of the skull. Terminonaris is an early crocodile, within a subgroup called Mesoeucrocodylia. Its remains have only been found in North America and Europe. Originally known under the generic name Teleorhinus, it was once believed to be a teleosaurid (a family of marine gavial-like thalattosuchians). Both prehistoric crocodiles such as Terminonaris, as well as modern crocodiles, belong to the same group called crocodyliformes, although modern crocodiles have specific features that indicate they are distant relatives of this species and members of the subgroup Eusuchia.

Thalattosuchia
Thalattosuchia is a clade of mostly marine crocodylomorphs from the Early Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous that had a cosmopolitan distribution. They are colloquially referred to as marine crocodiles or sea crocodiles, though they are not members of Crocodilia and records from Thailand and China suggest that some members lived in freshwater. The clade contains two major subgroupings, the Teleosauroidea and Metriorhynchoidea. Teleosauroids are not greatly specialised for oceanic life, with back osteoderms similar to other crocodyliformes. Within Metriorhynchoidea, the Metriorhynchidae displayed extreme adaptions for life in the open ocean, including the transformation of limbs into flippers, the development of a tail fluke, and smooth, scaleless skin, and probably gave live birth, seemingly uniquely among archosaurs.
1961 Arizona Wildcats football team
The 1961 Arizona Wildcats football team was an American football team that represented the University of Arizona as an independent during the 1961 college football season.  In their third season under head coach Jim LaRue, the Wildcats compiled an 8–1–1 record, were ranked No. 17 in the final AP Poll, and outscored their opponents by a total of 288 to 131.

The team was led on offense by quarterback Eddie Wilson and halfback Bobby Thompson. Wilson ranked third nationally in passing (1,294 yards) and fifth in total offense (1,377 yards). Thompson ranked seventh nationally in scoring (82 points) and ninth in rushing (752 yards).

Three Arizona players were among the top 38 picks in the 1962 NFL draft: Joe Hernandez 15th; Wilson 24th; and Thompson 38th.

The team played its home games in Arizona Stadium in Tucson, Arizona.

Eddie Wilson (American football)
Edward Adair Wilson (born August 14, 1940) is an American former professional football player who was a quarterback and punter in the American Football League (AFL). He played college football for the Arizona Wildcats and professionally for the Dallas Texans/Kansas City Chiefs and the Boston Patriots. He coached for Arizona, Army, Cornell, Duke, Florida State, Georgia Tech, Wake Forest, and the Kansas City Chiefs.
2005 Hindu Kush earthquake
The 2005 Hindu Kush earthquake hit northeastern Afghanistan with a magnitude of 6.5 on December 12 at 21:47 (UTC). According to the United States Geological Survey, the maximum Mercalli intensity was V (Moderate) at Chitral. Five people were killed in the Hindu Kush region and landslides blocked several roads near Bagh, Kashmir. The earthquake occurred some 65 miles away from Faizabad, a city in the Hindu Kush mountains, but it could be felt in many neighboring areas. It could even be felt about 200 miles away in Islamabad, Pakistan. The quake was strong enough to trigger panic among survivors of October's devastating earthquake, who came out from their makeshift shelters in freezing temperatures. Although magnitude–6 earthquakes typically cause severe damage, this quake caused relatively little because it occurred deep underground (224.6 km (140 mi)).

Chitral
Chitral (Khowar: ݯھیترار, romanized: ćhitrār, lit. 'field') is a city situated on the Chitral River in the northern area of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It serves as the capital of the Lower Chitral District, and was previously the capital of Chitral District, and before that the capital of Chitral princely state. The region was encompassed into West Pakistan between 1969 and 1972.
Heterogyrus
Heterogyrus milloti is a species of beetle in the family Gyrinidae, the only species in the genus Heterogyrus. It is endemic to Madagascar.

Within Gyrinidae, the genus Spanglerogyrus is sister to all other taxa; Heterogyrus is, in turn, sister to all gyrinids except Spanglerogyrus, with an estimated divergence 200 million years ago. It is suggested to be closely related to the fossil genera Mesogyrus, Cretotortor and Baissogyrus which constitute the subfamily Heterogyrinae.

Mesogyrus
Mesogyrus is an extinct genus of fossil beetles in the family Gyrinidae, containing the following species:

†Mesogyrus anglicus Ponomarenko et al. 2005 Durlston Formation, United Kingdom, Berriasian

†Mesogyrus antiquus Ponomarenko, 1973 Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Oxfordian

†Mesogyrus elongates Ponomarenko 2014 Sharteg, Mongolia, Tithonian

†Mesogyrus sibiricus Ponomarenko, 1985 Abasheva Formation, Russia, Pliensbachian

†Mesogyrus striatus Ponomarenko, 1973 Byankinskaya Formation, Russia, Tithonian Daya Formation, Russia Hauterivian Turga Formation, Russia, Aptian
Symmetric successive over-relaxation
In applied mathematics, symmetric successive over-relaxation (SSOR), is a preconditioner.

If the original matrix can be split into diagonal, lower and upper triangular as  then the SSOR preconditioner matrix is defined as

It can also be parametrised by  as follows.

Matrix splitting
In the mathematical discipline of numerical linear algebra, a  matrix splitting is an expression which represents a given matrix as a sum or difference of matrices.  Many iterative methods (for example, for systems of  differential equations) depend upon the direct solution of matrix equations involving matrices more general than tridiagonal matrices.  These matrix equations can often be solved directly and efficiently when written as a matrix splitting.  The technique was devised by Richard S. Varga in 1960.
Andrés Bosch
Andrés Bosch Girona (1 August 1903 – 5 July 1978) was a Spanish footballer who played as a defender for FC Barcelona. He is the father of Andreu Bosch, who also played football for Barça during the 1950s.

Catalan football championship
The Catalan football championship (Campionat de Catalunya) was a football competition in Catalonia and the first football league in Spain before La Liga was established in 1929.

In December 1900, Alfons Macaya, the president of Hispania AC, offered a trophy (the Copa Macaya) to be contested by several football teams from Spain. The league was played between 1901 and 1940 and was cancelled in Francoist Spain after the Spanish Civil War.
Allerston, Alberta
Allerston, formerly Allersville, is an unincorporated community in Alberta, Canada within the County of Warner No. 5. It is located approximately 25 km (16 mi) east of the Town of Milk River and 18 km (11 mi) north of the Canada–US border on Township Road 24, 1 km (0.62 mi) off Highway 501.

The community has the name of Jacob Allers, a pioneer citizen.

All that remains of Allerston is a Roman Catholic Church and the Allerston Hall with baseball diamonds. The church was built in 1911 and opened on July 28, 1912. The church is still in use today. It was moved to a new foundation 20 ft (6.1 m) to the north. There is a cemetery behind the church. The Allerston Hall is still use for the annual Fall Bazar.

County of Warner No. 5
The County of Warner No. 5 is a municipal district in southern Alberta, Canada. Located in Census Division No. 2 just north of the United States border, its municipal office is located in the Village of Warner.
Taleranol
Taleranol (INN, USAN) (developmental code name P-1560), or teranol, also known as β-zearalanol, is a synthetic, nonsteroidal estrogen of the resorcylic acid lactone group related to mycoestrogens found in Fusarium spp which was never marketed. It is the β epimer of zeranol (α-zearalanol) and is a major metabolite of zeranol but with less biological activity.

Mycoestrogen
Mycoestrogens are xenoestrogens produced by fungi. They are sometimes referred to as estrogenic mycotoxins. Some important mycoestrogens are zearalenone, zearalenol and zearalanol.  Although all of these can be produced by various Fusarium species,  zearalenol and zearalanol may also be produced endogenously in ruminants that have ingested zearalenone. Alpha-zearalanol is also produced semisynthetically, for veterinary use; such use is prohibited in the European Union.
The Stairs (2016 film)
The Stairs is a Canadian documentary film by Hugh Gibson, released in 2016. The film, which premiered at the 2016 Toronto International Film Festival, centres on the clients and staff of StreetHealth, a harm reduction health clinic in the Regent Park area of Toronto.

The film was shot over a period of five years.

The film won the award for Best Canadian Film at the Toronto Film Critics Association Awards 2016. It was a finalist for Best Documentary Film, but did not win.

Regent Park
43°39′42″N 79°21′54″W﻿ / ﻿43.66167°N 79.36500°W﻿ / 43.66167; -79.36500

Regent Park is a neighbourhood located in downtown Toronto, Ontario built in the late 1940s as a public housing project managed by Toronto Community Housing. It sits on what used to be a significant part of the Cabbagetown neighbourhood and is bounded by Gerrard Street East to the north, River Street to the east, Shuter Street to the south and Parliament Street to the west. Regent Park's residential dwellings, prior to the ongoing redevelopment, were entirely social housing and covered all of the 69 acres (280,000 m2) which comprise the community. The original neighbourhood was razed in the process of creating Regent Park. The nickname Cabbagetown is now applied to the remaining historical area north and west of the housing project, which has experienced considerable gentrification since the 1960s and 1970s.