hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Competence-based management
Competence-based strategic management is a way of thinking about how organizations gain high performance for a significant period of time. Established as a theory in the early 1990s, competence-based strategic management theory explains how organizations can develop sustainable competitive advantage in a systematic and structural way. 
The theory of competence-based strategic management is an integrative strategy theory that incorporates economic, organizational and behavioural concerns in a framework that is dynamic, systemic, cognitive and holistic (Sanchez and Heene, 2004). This theory defines competence as: the ability to sustain the coordinated deployment of resources in ways that helps an organization achieve its goals (creating and distributing value to customers and stakeholders).> Competence-based management can be found in areas other than strategic management, namely in human resource management.

Competitive advantage
In business, a competitive advantage is an attribute that allows an organization to outperform its competitors.

A competitive advantage may include access to natural resources, such as high-grade ores or a low-cost power source, highly skilled labor, geographic location, high entry barriers, and access to new technology and to proprietary information.
Çukurova, Adana
Çukurova is a municipality and district of Adana Province, Turkey. Its area is 250 km2, and its population is 389,175 (2022). Its population is concentrated within the city of Adana, occupying north-west of the city. It is a modern residential district which came into being in the last 30 years as the city expanded north. Çukurova is located north of the Seyhan district, west of the Seyhan River and south of the Seyhan Reservoir.

Mahallah
A mahalla (Arabic: مَحَلَّة, romanized: maḥalla, also transliterated as mahallah, etc.) is an Arabic word that comes from the root ḥ-l-l (ح ل ل), and originally denoted a place where one makes a halt. It has been variously translated as district, quarter, ward, or neighborhood in many parts of the Arab world, the Balkans, West and Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and nearby nations. In the Maghreb, it referred to a military formation or campaign for tax collection in the service of the sultan and his makhzen.
Navy Region Mid-Atlantic
Navy Region Mid-Atlantic is one of eleven current naval regions responsible to Commander, Navy Installations Command for the operation and management of Naval shore installations in Wisconsin, Illinois, Michigan, Indiana, Ohio, Kentucky, North Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine.

It is headquartered on Naval Station Norfolk, and is commanded by RADM Carl A. Lahti.

Portsmouth Naval Shipyard
The Portsmouth Naval Shipyard (PNS), often called the Portsmouth Navy Yard, is a United States Navy shipyard on Seavey's Island in Kittery, Maine, bordering Portsmouth, New Hampshire. The naval yard lies along the southern boundary of Maine on the Piscataqua River.

Founded on June 12, 1800, PNS is the U.S. Navy's oldest continuously operating shipyard. Today, most of its work concerns the overhaul, repair, and modernization of submarines.

As of November 2021, the shipyard employed more than 6,500 federal employees. Some of the work is performed by private corporations: Delphinius Engineering of Eddystone, Pennsylvania; Oceaneering International of Chesapeake, Virginia; Orbis Sibro of Mount Pleasant, South Carolina; and Q.E.D. Systems Inc. of Virginia Beach, Virginia.
Căscioarele
Căscioarele is a commune in Călărași County, Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of a single village, Căscioarele.

The commune is situated in the south of the Wallachian Plain, at an altitude of 47 m (154 ft), on the left bank of the Danube, where the river Zboiul discharges into it. Căscioarele is located at the southwestern extremity of Călărași County, 18 km (11 mi) west of Oltenița, on the border with Giurgiu County. It is crossed by national road DN41, which connects Oltenița to Giurgiu.

As of the 2021 census, Căscioarele had a population of 1,546; of those, 90.23% were Romanians and 6.66% Roma.

Giurgiu
Giurgiu (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈdʒjurdʒju] ⓘ; Bulgarian: Гюргево, romanized: Gyurgevo; Turkish: Yergöğü) is a city in southern Romania. The seat of Giurgiu County, it lies in the historical region of Muntenia. It is situated amongst mud-flats and marshes on the left bank of the Danube facing the Bulgarian city of Ruse on the opposite bank. It is one of six Romanian county seats lying on the river Danube. Three small islands face the city, and a larger one shelters its port, Smarda. The rich grain-growing land to the north is traversed by a railway to Bucharest, the first line opened in Romania, which was built in 1869 and afterwards extended to Smarda. In the past, Giurgiu exported timber, grain, salt and petroleum, and imported coal, iron, and textiles.

The Giurgiu-Ruse Friendship Bridge, in the shared Bulgarian-Romanian section of the Danube, crosses the river in the outskirts of the city.
Courts of Illinois
Courts of Illinois include:

State courts of Illinois

Supreme Court of Illinois
Illinois Appellate Court (5 districts)
Illinois Circuit Courts (24 judicial circuits)

Federal courts located in Illinois

United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit (headquartered in Chicago, having jurisdiction over the United States District Courts of Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin)

United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois

United States District Court for the Central District of Illinois

United States District Court for the Southern District of Illinois

Former federal courts of Illinois

United States District Court for the District of Illinois (extinct, subdivided in 1855)

United States District Court for the Eastern District of Illinois (extinct, reorganized in 1978)

Illinois circuit courts
The Illinois circuit courts are state courts of the judiciary of Illinois. They are trial courts of original and general jurisdiction. As of 2024, outside of Cook County which has its own circuit court, there are 24 numbered circuits, which may include one or more counties of Illinois—the numbering of the circuits is based on when they were created, generally new higher numbers go to circuits that were later created from out of the lower numbered circuit courts.
2011 U-20 Copa Libertadores
The 2011 U-20 Copa Libertadores (known as the 2011 Copa Movistar Libertadores Sub-20 for sponsorship reasons) was the first edition of this U-20 club competition. Players born on or after 1 January 1990 were eligible to compete. The tournament was originally going to be hosted in November 2010, however, because of the postponement, players born in 1990 were allowed to play, otherwise only players born after 1 January 1991 would have been eligible.

U-20 Copa Libertadores
The CONMEBOL Under-20 Libertadores (Portuguese and Spanish: CONMEBOL Libertadores Sub 20) is the international association football club competition for teams that play in CONMEBOL leagues. It was created by Manuel Burga Seoane and the Peruvian Football Federation. The competition started in the 2011 season in response to the increased interest in youth football.
Philadelphia National Cemetery
Philadelphia National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located in the West Oak Lane neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was established in 1862 as nine leased lots in seven private cemeteries in the Philadelphia region. The current location was established in 1881, and the remains of soldiers were reinterred from the various leased lots. It is administered by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, and managed from offices at Washington Crossing National Cemetery. It is 13 acres in size and contains 13,202 burials.

The cemetery contains monuments commemorating the reinterment of soldiers from the Battle of Germantown and the Mexican–American War. A Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument was dedicated in 1912 to honor the reinterment of 184 Confederate prisoners of war who died in Philadelphia area hospitals and camps during the American Civil War.

In 1997, the cemetery was added to the National Register of Historic Places.

Washington Crossing National Cemetery
Washington Crossing National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located in Upper Makefield Township, in Bucks County, Pennsylvania. It opened in late 2009 and occupies approximately 205 acres (83 ha). Administered by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, the cemetery serves veterans in the greater Philadelphia metropolitan area. Its name is due to its location less than 3 miles (4.8 km) from Washington's Crossing, the site of George Washington's Christmas 1776 crossing of the Delaware River just before the Battle of Trenton during the American Revolutionary War.

Bucks County Congressman Michael Fitzpatrick has been credited with securing federal funding for the cemetery after decades of congressional inaction.
Cold Dark Place
Cold Dark Place is an EP by American metal band Mastodon. It was released digitally and on CD on September 22, 2017, via Reprise Records, and a limited-edition ten-inch vinyl followed on October 27. Three of the tracks were recorded during the recording sessions of 2014's Once More 'Round the Sun, while "Toe to Toes" was recorded during the recording sessions of 2017's Emperor of Sand.

Once More 'Round the Sun
Once More 'Round the Sun is the sixth studio album by American heavy metal band Mastodon. It was released on June 24, 2014, via Reprise Records. On April 17, 2014, Mastodon released the album's first single, "High Road". On June 16, 2014, the album was made available for streaming on iTunes. Once More 'Round the Sun sold around 34,000 copies in the United States in its first week of release to land at position No. 6 on the Billboard 200 chart, making it the band's highest-peaking album on the chart and their second consecutive Top 10 debut after their previous album, The Hunter, peaked at No. 10.
Agnes Knochenhauer
Agnes Ellinor Knochenhauer (born 5 May 1989) is a Swedish curler from Stockholm. She currently plays second on Team Anna Hasselborg. With Hasselborg, Knochenhauer has won three Olympic medals, gold at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, 2026 Winter Olympics in Milano Cortina and bronze at the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing. She also won a silver medal at the 2014 Games in Sochi as alternate for the Margaretha Sigfridsson rink.

Alina Kovaleva
Alina Romanovna Kovaleva (Russian: Алина Романовна Ковалёва; born 18 February 1993) is a Russian curler from Saint Petersburg. Her major achievement to date was winning the 2015 European Curling Championships as alternate. Kovaleva is Merited Master of Sports of Russia (2016).
Rod Hill
Rodrick Hill (born March 14, 1959) is an American former professional football player who was a cornerback in the National Football League (NFL) and Canadian Football League (CFL). He played college football for the Kentucky State Thorobreds. Hill played in the NFL for the Dallas Cowboys, Buffalo Bills, Detroit Lions, and Los Angeles Raiders. After his NFL career, he played five seasons in the CFL with the Winnipeg Blue Bombers and still holds the career interception record for that franchise.

Punt (gridiron football)
In gridiron football, a punt is a kick performed by dropping the ball from the hands and then kicking the ball before it hits the ground. The most common use of this tactic is to punt the ball downfield to the opposing team, usually on the final down, with the hope of maximizing the distance the opposing team must advance in order to score. The result of a typical punt, barring any penalties or extraordinary circumstances, is a first down for the receiving team. A punt is not to be confused with a drop kick, a kick after the ball hits the ground, now rare in both American and Canadian football.

The type of punt leads to different motion of the football. Alex Moffat invented the now-common spiral punt, as opposed to end-over-end.
Lipscani
Lipscani is a street and a district of Bucharest, Romania, which from the Middle Ages to the early 19th century was the most important commercial area of the city and  Wallachia. It is located near the ruins of the old Princely Court built by Vlad III the Impaler.

National Bank of Romania
The National Bank of Romania (Romanian: Banca Națională a României, BNR) is the central bank of Romania, established in April 1880 and headquartered in Bucharest. It is responsible for the issue of the Romanian leu and as such it sets the monetary policy, holds the currency reserves and manages the exchange rate.

Under European Union policy frameworks, the BNR is a voting member of the Board of Supervisors of the European Banking Authority (EBA). European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA), and European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA). It also provides the permanent single common representative for Romania in the Supervisory composition of the General Board of the Anti-Money Laundering Authority (AMLA). It is also a member of the European Systemic Risk Board (ESRB).
Borgholm Municipality
Borgholm Municipality (Swedish: Borgholms kommun) is a municipality in Kalmar County, south-eastern Sweden, constituting the northern half of the island of Öland in the Baltic Sea. The municipal seat is located in the city of Borgholm.

Notable historic sites in this municipality are Borgholm Castle and Halltorps Estate.

The local government reform in the 1970s saw the creation of two municipalities on the island of Öland. Borgholm Municipality is the northern of the two and consists of sixteen original (pre-1952) entities. The southern half of the island is made up of Mörbylånga Municipality.

It is the birthplace of John Eke, A long distance runner who competed in the 1912 Olympics, He later competed for the Irish American Athletic Club in NYC

Halltorp
Halltorp was one of the earliest manors on the island of Öland, Sweden, dating from the 11th century AD.  In early documents it is known as Hauldtorp, and it is cited as one of the early Viking Age settlements of Öland.  From early times it has functioned as a royal farm associated with the Swedish Crown and was considered one of the finest hunting preserves on the island.  There is a relict oak forest on the present grounds which contains numerous trees that are centuries old.  Halltorp is in an area rich in history and biodiversity, and most of the southern part of the island of Öland has been designated as a World Heritage Site. The site is adjacent to the perimeter highway, Route 136.
Mykola Bohuslavsky
Mykola Oleksiiovych Bohuslavsky (1850 – 1933) was an organiser and sponsor of the kobzar renaissance in the Kuban, a community leader, publisher. Bohuslavsky  organized the first (1913) and second (1916) schools of kobzar art in the Kuban. Under his support bandura playing in the Kuban became a popular movement.

He was an active member of the Prosvita organization in Yekaterinodar, and the owner of the Ukrainian-language illustrated weekly "Dniprovi khvyli" (1910–14), which was edited by Dmytro Doroshenko. D. Doroshenko regarded Bohuslavsky as "a tireless agitator of the youth who was able to get young people involved in working on community causes."

Bohuslavsky worked as an official in the Kuban-Black Sea Railway. The cossacks called him the "bandura father" because of his deep love for the instrument. As a result of his efforts bandura groups were established in most Stanitsas in the Kuban. He was arrested in 1930–33 and died in the Krasnodar prison in 1933.

Kobzar
A kobzar (Ukrainian: кобзар [kobˈzɑr] ⓘ; pl. кобзарі, kobzari) was an itinerant Ukrainian bard who sang to his own accompaniment. The professional kobzar tradition was established in Ukraine during the Cossack Era around the 16th century.  Kobzari were often blind and became predominantly so by the 1800s.  The word kobzar literally means 'player of kobza', a Ukrainian stringed instrument of the lute family. More broadly, the term is given for a performer of the musical material associated with the kobzar tradition.
Angstel River
The Angstel is a small river between Abcoude and Loenersloot in the Netherlands, about halfway between Amsterdam and Utrecht. The Angstel is about 6 km (3.75 mi) long and connects the Gein and Holendrecht rivers with the Aa and Winkel rivers. East of the Angstel is the Amsterdam–Rhine Canal.

Originally the Angstel was a distributary of the Utrechtse Vecht, with the Vecht in turn a distributary of the Rhine. The river marks the border of the municipality De Ronde Venen. Along the river are several Country Estates of wealthy residents dating back to the 17th and 18th century. The castle of Loenersloot is located on the left bank of the Angstel and dates its origin back to the mid 13th century. On the right bank near Abcoude lies a modern fort dating back to 1885 built as part of the military defense of Amsterdam.

There are four bridges over the river: the Dorpsbrug Baambrugge in Baambrugge, the Hulksbrug, the Heinkuitenbrug and the Derde in Abcoude.

Baambrugge
Baambrugge is a village on the river Amstel in the Dutch province of Utrecht.
It is a part of the municipality of De Ronde Venen and lies about 14 km southeast of Amsterdam.
In 2001 the village of Baambrugge had 925 inhabitants. The built-up area of the town was 0.21 km² and contained 365 residences.
The statistical area "Baambrugge", which also can include the peripheral parts of the village, as well as the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 1000.
Guilford Place
Guilford Place is a street in the London Borough of Camden.

It lies opposite and to the south of Coram's Fields. It runs north to south from Guilford Street to where it becomes Lamb's Conduit Street.

3-6 Guilford Place, the public conveniences and the drinking fountain are all Grade II listed by Historic England.

Guilford Street
Guilford Street is a road in Bloomsbury in central London, England, designated the B502. From Russell Square it extends east-northeast to Gray's Inn Road. Note that it is not spelt the same way as Guildford in Surrey. It is, in fact, named after Frederick North, Lord North, a former Prime Minister, who was also 2nd Earl of Guilford (sic).

The nearest tube station is Russell Square.
Livre parisis
The livre parisis (French: [livʁ paʁizi]; lit. 'Paris pound'), also known as the Paris or Parisian livre, was a medieval French coin and unit of account originally notionally equivalent to a French pound of silver. It was the chief currency of the Capetian dynasty before being generally replaced by the livre tournois ("Tours pound") under Philip II in the 13th century. Louis IX ceased minting it and it was finally abolished as a unit of account by Louis XIV in 1667.

Pound (currency)
Pound is a name of various units of currency. It is used in some countries today and previously was used in many others. The English word "pound" derives from the Latin expression lībra pondō, "a pound by weight", in which lībra means 'scale' or 'balance' and pondō means 'pound' or 'weight'. The currency's symbol is '£', a stylised form of the blackletter 'L' () (from libra), crossed to indicate abbreviation.

The term was adopted in England from the weight of silver used to make 240 pennies, and eventually spread to British colonies all over the world. Although silver penny mintage began seven centuries earlier, the first pound coin was minted under Henry VII in 1489.
Grave Descend
Grave Descend is a novel written by Michael Crichton, his tenth published novel, and the seventh featuring the pseudonym John Lange. It was originally published in 1970, and later re-released in 2006 as part of the Hard Case Crime series. For this release, Michael Crichton did an overall revision of the text. The novel was nominated for the Edgar Award in 1971. Hard Case Crime republished the novel under Crichton's name on October 29, 2013.

The Chicago Tribune called it "fairly thrilling at times."

Hard Case Crime
Hard Case Crime is an American imprint of hardboiled crime novels founded in 2004 by Charles Ardai and Max Phillips. The series recreates, in editorial form and content, the flavor of the paperback crime novels of the 1940s and '50s. The covers feature original illustrations done in a style that was common for paperbacks of that era, credited to artists such as Robert McGinnis and Glen Orbik.
Massariaceae
The Massariaceae are a family of fungi in the order Pleosporales. It contains 3 genera and 33 species. Taxa in the family have a cosmopolitan distribution, but are better known in more temperate zones. Although the family is poorly known, it has been suggested that they are saprobic in wood and bark, with a few species being weak pathogens.

Pleosporales
The Pleosporales is the largest order in the fungal class Dothideomycetes. By a 2008 estimate, it contained 23 families, 332 genera and more than 4700 species. The majority of species are saprobes on decaying plant material in fresh water, marine, or terrestrial environments, but several species are also associated with living plants as parasites, epiphytes or endophytes. The best studied species cause plant diseases on important agricultural crops e.g. Cochliobolus heterostrophus, causing southern corn leaf blight on maize, Phaeosphaeria nodorum (Stagonospora nodorum) causing glume blotch on wheat and Leptosphaeria maculans causing a stem canker (called blackleg) on cabbage crops (Brassica). Some species of Pleosporales occur on animal dung, and a small number occur as lichens  and rock-inhabiting fungi.
Aspergillus biplanus
Aspergillus biplanus is a species of fungus in the genus Aspergillus. It is from the Sparsi section. The species was first described in 1965. It has been isolated from soil in Costa Rica. It has been reported to produce auroglaucin.

Aspergillus
Aspergillus (/ˌæspərˈdʒɪləs/) is a genus consisting of several hundred mold species found in various climates worldwide.

Aspergillus was first catalogued in 1729 by the Italian priest and biologist Pier Antonio Micheli. Viewing the fungi under a microscope, Micheli was reminded of the shape of an aspergillum (holy water sprinkler), from Latin spargere (to sprinkle), and named the genus accordingly. Aspergillum is an asexual spore-forming structure common to all Aspergillus species; around one-third of species are also known to have a sexual stage. While some species of Aspergillus are known to cause fungal infections, others are of commercial importance.
Sütlaç–Çivril railway
The Çivril branch was a branch of the Turkish State Railways. It was built in 1889 by the Oriental Railway Company to service Çivril, which was only 30 km (19 mi) north of their mainline. Due to low ridership and virtually no freight traffic, the line was abandoned in 1988. The route is across the relatively flat Çivril plain and passes by Lake Işıklı.

Çivril
Çivril (Turkish: [ˈtʃivɾil]) is a municipality and district of Denizli Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,570 km2, and its population is 59,967 (2022). Çivril district area neighbors those of two districts of Uşak Province to its north, namely Sivaslı and Karahallı, and four districts of Afyonkarahisar Province from the north-east to the south which are, clockwise, Sandıklı, Dinar, Dazkırı and Dazkırı, and to its south-west, three districts of the same province as itself depending Denizli. These last three are Bekilli, Çal and Baklan.

It is the third-most populated district of the province after Merkezefendi and Pamukkale and is situated on a plain to the northeast of the city of Denizli, being actually closer to the neighboring provincial seat of Uşak.