hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Twenty20 Big Bash
The KFC Twenty20 Big Bash was a domestic Twenty20 cricket competition in Australia. The competition was organised by Cricket Australia, and sponsored by fast food chicken outlet KFC.

Running over six seasons from 2005–06 to 2010–11, the KFC Twenty20 Big Bash was the first top level domestic Twenty20 competition in Australia, contested by the six traditional Sheffield Shield state cricket teams. The competition was replaced by the franchise-based Big Bash League from 2011–12.

Victoria was the most successful team during the tournament's running, winning four out of the six titles.

Big Bash League
The  Big Bash League (BBL), also known as the KFC Big Bash League for sponsorship reasons, is a professional Twenty20 (T20) cricket league in Australia. Established in 2011 by Cricket Australia, it features eight city-based franchises and is held annually between December and February. In 2016–17, it was one of the two T20 cricket leagues—alongside the Indian Premier League—to feature amongst the top ten domestic sport leagues in average attendance.

The Perth Scorchers are the most successful team in the tournament's history and the most dominant franchise in Australian sport, having won the title six times including consecutively for two years twice. As of 2026, there have been 15 seasons of the tournament. The current champions are the Perth Scorchers, who won the 2025–26 season after defeating the Sydney Sixers by 6 wickets in the final.
Bucholz Army Airfield
Bucholz Army Airfield (IATA: KWA, ICAO: PKWA, FAA LID: KWA) is a United States Army airfield located on Kwajalein Atoll, Marshall Islands. Its position is ideal for refueling during trans-Pacific flights, and the airport is available to civilians through Air Marshall Islands and United Airlines, mostly for the Island Hopper.

Since the entirety of Kwajalein Atoll is a military base, non-military passengers on commercial flights are transported to and from the neighboring island of Ebeye, the civilian population center of Kwajalein Atoll.

Ebeye Island
Ebeye (/ˈiːbaɪ/ EE-by; Marshallese: Epjā, or Ebeje in older orthography, [ɛbʲ(ɛ)zʲæ]; locally, Ibae, [ibˠɑːɛ], after the English pronunciation) is the most populous island of Kwajalein Atoll in the Marshall Islands, and the second most populated island in the Marshall Islands. It is a center for Marshallese culture in the Ralik Chain of the archipelago.  Settled on 80 acres (32 hectares) of land, in 2021 it had a population of 8,416.  Over 50% of the population is estimated to be under the age of 18.

Ebeye is home to the RMI (Republic of the Marshall Islands) Emergency Operations Center and other facilities, including schools, health facilities, stores, and hotel, along with residential structures.  It has some docks but no airstrip, but is connected by causeway to Loi, Shell, and Gugeegue islands to the north.
Looping (education)
Looping in education is the practice of moving groups of children up from one grade to the next with the same teacher. For example, a teacher who teaches a third grade class and then goes on to teach the same students, the following year, for the fourth grade. This system, which is also called multiyear grouping, lasts from two to five years and, as the class moves on, the teacher loops back to pick another group of children. This practice is particularly prevalent in Europe and Asia.

This is distinct from the teacher of a multi-age class, who teaches a specific range of school grades together. In this case, although each child remains with the same teacher for multiple years, the group of students being taught changes annually as older children leave the group and are replaced by younger students entering.

Educational stage
Educational stages are subdivisions of formal learning, typically covering early childhood education, primary education, secondary education and tertiary education. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) recognizes nine levels of education in its International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) system (from Level 0 (pre-primary education) through Level 8 (doctoral)). UNESCO's International Bureau of Education maintains a database of country-specific education systems and their stages. Some countries divide levels of study into grades or forms for school children in the same year.
27th meridian west from Washington
The 27th meridian west from Washington is an archaic meridian based on the Washington Meridian. The meridian is approximately 104 degrees west of the Prime Meridian. It is used as the boundary of five states of the United States.

Washington meridians
The Washington meridians are four meridians that were used as prime meridians in the United States which pass through Washington, D.C. The four that have been specified are:

through the Capitol

through the White House

through the old Naval Observatory

through the new Naval Observatory.

Their longitudes may be reported in three ways:

relative to the local vertical used by astronomic observations

relative to NAD 27 (North American Datum 1927), an ellipsoid of revolution that is at mean sea level beneath triangulation station Meades Ranch, Kansas (not Earth-centered);

relative to NAD 83, an Earth-centered ellipsoid of revolution with dimensions chosen to best fit the undulating (±100 m) geoid (world-wide mean sea level).

NAD83 longitude of the Capitol is about 1.1 arc seconds less than its NAD27 longitude; astronomic longitude there is about 4 arc seconds less than NAD83.
AS9100
Aerospace 9100 (AS9100) is an international standard for aerospace management systems that is a widely adopted and standardized quality management system for the aerospace sector. It was developed in March 1999 by Society of Automotive Engineers. The goal of the standard is to provide for continual improvement, emphasizing defect prevention and the reduction of variation and waste in the aerospace industry supply chain and assembly process. The standard was designed to fit into an integrated management system.

AS9100 replaces the earlier AS9000 and fully incorporates the entirety of the current version of ISO 9001, while adding requirements relating to quality and safety.
Major aerospace manufacturers and suppliers worldwide require compliance with AS9100 as a condition of doing business with them.

International standard
An international standard is a technical standard developed by one or more international standards organizations. International standards are available for consideration and use worldwide. The most prominent such organization is the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Other prominent international standards organizations including the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). Together, these three organizations have formed the World Standards Cooperation alliance.
2021 Atlanta Open – Singles
Alex de Minaur was the reigning champion from when the tournament was last held in 2019, but chose not to participate this year.

John Isner won his sixth Atlanta Open title, defeating Brandon Nakashima in the final, 7–6(10–8), 7–5.

2019 BB&T Atlanta Open – Singles
John Isner was the two-time defending champion and had won the title five times in the last six years, but he lost in the second round to Reilly Opelka. This was only the second time out of ten in the Atlanta Open's history that Isner failed to reach the singles final.

Alex de Minaur won the title, defeating Taylor Fritz in the final, 6–3, 7–6(7–2).
Miss World Ecuador 2013
Miss World Ecuador 2013 was the first Miss World Ecuador pageant, held at the Centro Cultural Libertador Simón Bolívar in Guayaquil, Ecuador, on July 4, 2013.

At the end of the night Laritza Párraga of Santo Domingo was crowned Miss World Ecuador 2013 and competed at Miss World 2013 in Bali, Indonesia.

El Oro Province
El Oro (Spanish pronunciation: [el ˈoɾo] ⓘ; oro = gold) is the southernmost of Ecuador's coastal provinces. It was named for its historically important gold production. Today it is one of the world's major exporters of bananas. The capital is Machala.
TM-62
The TM-62 is a series of Soviet anti-tank blast mines produced in various variants. It served as the primary anti-tank landmine for the Soviet military. It has a central fuze and typically a 7.5 kilograms (17 lb) explosive charge, but the variants differ greatly in detail. The mine can be laid manually or automatically from a mine laying machine including the PMR-1, PMR-2 wheeled towed mine layers, the GMZ-3 tracked mine laying vehicle and the VMR-2 helicopter mine laying system. The TM-62 can be fitted with the same fuzes as the TM-72, which include MVN-72 and MVN-80 fuzes, which are vibration and magnetism sensitive. The mine was used in the Russo-Ukrainian war for antitank and antipersonnel use (as satchel charges).

Anti-tank mine
An anti-tank or AT mine is a type of land mine designed to damage or destroy vehicles including tanks and armored fighting vehicles.

Compared to anti-personnel mines, anti-tank mines typically have a much larger explosive charge, and a fuze designed to be triggered by vehicles or, in some cases, remotely or by tampering with the mine.
Fitzgerald micropolitan area, Georgia
The Fitzgerald Micropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of one county in Georgia, anchored by the city of Fitzgerald.  The area also included Irwin County until the 2023 OMB statistical area updates when the county was removed.

As of the 2000 census, the area had a population of 27,415 (though a July 1, 2009 estimate placed the population at 27,653).

Irwin County, Georgia
Irwin County is a county located in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 9,666. The county seat is Ocilla. The county was created on December 15, 1818. It was named for Governor Jared Irwin.

In the last years of the American Civil War, Irwin County gained the nickname of the Republic of Irwin due to the Unionism of many of its residents. The location where Jefferson Davis was captured is located in Irwin County near Irwinville.
2013 Fed Cup Asia/Oceania Zone Group I – play-offs
The play-offs of the 2013 Fed Cup Asia/Oceania Zone Group I were the final stages of the Group I Zonal Competition involving teams from Asia and Oceania. Using the positions determined in their pools, the seven teams faced off to determine their placing in the 2013 Fed Cup Asia/Oceania Zone Group I. The top team advanced to the World Group II, and the bottom team was relegated down to the Group II for the next year.

2013 Fed Cup World Group II play-offs
The World Group II play-offs were four ties which involved the losing nations of the World Group II and four nations from the three Zonal Group I competitions. Nations that won their play-off ties entered the 2014 World Group, while losing nations joined their respective zonal groups.
Sparkline
A sparkline is a very small line chart, typically drawn without axes or coordinates. It presents the general shape of a variation (typically over time) in some measurement, such as temperature or stock market price, in a simple and highly condensed way. Whereas a typical chart is designed to professionally show as much data as possible, and is set off from the flow of text, sparklines are intended to be succinct, memorable, and located where they are discussed. Sparklines are small enough to be embedded in text, or several sparklines may be grouped together as elements of a small multiple.

Small multiple
A small multiple (sometimes called trellis chart, lattice chart, grid chart, or panel chart) is a series of similar graphs or charts using the same scale and axes, allowing them to be easily compared. It uses multiple views to show different partitions of a dataset. The term was popularized by Edward Tufte.

According to Tufte,

At the heart of quantitative reasoning is a single question: Compared to what? Small multiple designs, multivariate and data bountiful, answer directly by visually enforcing comparisons of changes, of the differences among objects, of the scope of alternatives. For a wide range of problems in data presentation, small multiples are the best design solution.
Killi
Killi (Arabic: كللي) is a village in northern Syria, administratively part of the Idlib Governorate, located northwest of Idlib. It is situated just west of the A'la Mountains. Nearby localities include Kaftin to the southeast, Maarrat al-Ikhwan and Kafr Yahmul to the south, Hizano to the southwest, Atarib to the northwest, Sarmada to the north, Barisha to the northeast and Qurqania to the east. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, Killi had a population of 7,157 in the 2004 census.

Maarrat al-Ikhwan
Ma'arrat al-Ikhwan (Arabic: معرّة الإخوان, also spelled Ma'arrat al-Akwan, Maaret Ikhwan, Maaret Elekhwan or Martahwan) is a village in northwestern Syria, administratively part of Idlib Governorate located north of Idlib. Nearby localities include Maarrat Misrin to the south, Zardana to the southeast, Kafr Yahmul to the east, Hizano to the northeast, Kaftin to the north, Qurqania to the northwest and Harbanoush to the west. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Ma'arrat al-Ikhwan had a population of 1,831 in the 2004 census. It has a significant population of Druze, who inhabit several small villages in the A'la Mountain and its vicinity.
Game theory on networks
Game theory on networks is a field that studies strategy in competing interest interactions among rational or adaptive players that are affected by the topology of networks. Players' interactions are modeled by a network (a graph with nodes for each player, plus additional data). This contains concepts from game theory, nonlinear dynamics, and graph theory to analyze behavioral player-player phenomena like cooperation, and collective behavior as well as competition and percolation in networked systems.

This field has applications in areas such as economics, computer science, biology, and engineering, where players (nodes) interact through network connections (edges) instead of fully homogeneously mixed populations.

Network theory
In mathematics, computer science, and network science, network theory is a part of graph theory. It defines networks as graphs where the vertices or edges possess attributes. Network theory analyses these networks over the symmetric relations or asymmetric relations between their (discrete) components.

Network theory has applications in many disciplines, including statistical physics, particle physics, computer science, electrical engineering, biology, archaeology, linguistics, economics, finance, operations research, climatology, ecology, public health, sociology, psychology, and neuroscience. Applications of network theory include logistical networks, the World Wide Web, Internet, gene regulatory networks, metabolic networks, social networks, epistemological networks, etc.; see List of network theory topics for more examples.

Euler's solution of the Seven Bridges of Königsberg problem is considered to be the first true proof in the theory of networks.
1980 NCAA men's volleyball tournament
The 1980 NCAA men's volleyball tournament was the 11th annual tournament to determine the national champion of NCAA men's college volleyball. The tournament was played at Irving Gymnasium in Muncie, Indiana during May 1980.

USC defeated UCLA in the final match, 3–1 (15–7, 6–15, 15–13, 15–8), to win their second national title. This was a rematch of the previous year's final, which was won by UCLA. The Trojans (22–6) were coached by Ernie Hix.

USC's Dusty Dvorak was named Most Outstanding Player of the tournament. An All-tournament team of seven players was also named.

NCAA men's volleyball tournament
The NCAA men's volleyball tournament, officially titled the NCAA national collegiate men's volleyball championship, is an annual competition that determines the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) championship in American college men's volleyball. It had been the only NCAA championship in the sport from 1970 until 2012, when the NCAA launched a Division III championship.

Unlike most NCAA sports, men's volleyball uses a modified version of the National Collegiate championship format, which means Division I and Division II teams compete against each other in the same tournament.

In the past, schools from the Pacific Coast region have dominated this sport, in particular UCLA with coach Al Scates leading the program to 19 NCAA titles (more than any other coach).
Iltyd Nicholl Clayton
Brigadier Sir Iltyd Nicholl Clayton KBE (15 September 1886 – 30 June 1955) was a British Army officer notable for his attachment to the Middle East Office in Cairo during and after World War II and his involvement in the formation of Arab League and formulation of post-war British policy in the Middle East. Clayton also wanted to create the Greater Syria which would enhance the British dominating influence in the Middle East against Soviet threats, in addition to opposing an independent Jewish State in Palestine. Clayton conspired with others, including the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt, to pressure King Farouk I into invading Israel in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.

Farouk of Egypt
Farouk I (/fəˈruːk/; Arabic: فاروق الأول, romanized: Fārūq al-Awwal; 11 February 1920 – 18 March 1965) was the tenth ruler of Egypt from the Muhammad Ali dynasty and the penultimate King of Egypt and the Sudan, succeeding his father, Fuad I, in 1936 and reigning until his overthrow in a military coup in 1952.

His full title was "His Majesty Farouk I, by the grace of God, King of Egypt and the Sudan". As king, Farouk was known for his extravagant playboy lifestyle. While initially popular, his reputation eroded due to the corruption and incompetence of his government. He was overthrown in the 1952 coup d'état and forced to abdicate in favour of his infant son, Ahmed Fuad, who succeeded him as Fuad II. Farouk died in exile in Italy in 1965.

His sister, Princess Fawzia bint Fuad, was the first wife and consort of the Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.
Pseudotachea
Pseudotachea is a genus of medium-sized air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Helicinae of the family Helicidae.

Like many Helicidae, this genus of snails create and use love darts.

Helicidae
Helicidae is a large, diverse family of western Palaearctic, medium to large-sized, air-breathing land snails, sometimes called the "typical snails." It includes some of the largest European land snails, several species are common in anthropogenic habitats, and some became invasive on other continents. A number of species in this family are valued as food items, including Cornu aspersum (formerly Helix aspersa; "petit gris") the brown or garden snail, and Helix pomatia (the "escargot"). The biologies of these two species in particular have been thoroughly studied and documented.
Radical 118
Radical 118 or radical bamboo (竹部) meaning "bamboo" is one of the 29 Kangxi radicals (214 radicals in total) composed of 6 strokes. The radical character usually appears at the top of characters and transforms into 𥫗.

In the Kangxi Dictionary, 953 characters (out of 49,030) are found under this radical.

竹 is also the 135th indexing component in the Table of Indexing Chinese Character Components predominantly adopted by Simplified Chinese dictionaries published in mainland China, with 𥫗 being its associated indexing component.

Chinese character radicals
A radical (Chinese: 部首; pinyin: bùshǒu; lit. 'section header'), or indexing component, is a visually prominent component of a Chinese character under which the character is traditionally listed in a Chinese dictionary. The radical for a character is typically a semantic component, but it can also be another structural component or an artificially extracted portion of the character. In some cases, the original semantic or phonological connection has become obscure, owing to changes in the meaning or pronunciation of the character over time.

The use of the English term radical is based on an analogy between the structure of Chinese characters and the inflection of words in European languages. Radicals are also sometimes called classifiers, but this name is more commonly applied to the grammatical measure words in Chinese.
Foreman of signals (information systems)
Within the British Army, Royal Corps of Signals, a soldier selected for Foreman of Signals training must be a SNCO Class 1 Communications Systems Engineer. They will normally hold a foundation degree Military Information Systems. On completion of the course, the soldier is promoted to Staff Sergeant (Colour Sergeant for Royal Marines) if the rank is not already held, and assumes the appointment of Foreman of Signals (Information Systems) and be awarded a BSc(Hons) in Management Information Systems. The holder of the appointment can be promoted through the ranks in line with current military policy from Staff Sergeant, to Warrant Officer Class 2, then Warrant Officer Class 1. To distinguish the appointment, a suffix of (FofS IS) is used (i.e. SSgt(FofS IS)  WO2(FofS IS), WO1(FofS IS)).

Royal Corps of Signals
The Royal Corps of Signals (often simply known as the Royal Signals – abbreviated to R SIGNALS) is one of the combat support arms of the British Army. Signals units are among the first into action, providing the battlefield communications and information systems essential to all operations. Royal Signals units provide the full telecommunications infrastructure for the Army wherever they operate in the world. The Corps has its own engineers, logistics experts and systems operators to run radio and area networks in the field. It is responsible for installing, maintaining and operating all types of telecommunications equipment and information systems, providing command support to commanders and their headquarters, and conducting electronic warfare against enemy communications.
December 21 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
December 20 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - December 22

All fixed commemorations below celebrated on January 3 by Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For December 21st, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on December 8.

December 8 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
December 7 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - December 9

All fixed commemorations below celebrated on December 21 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For December 8th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on November 25.
Maliana Administrative Post
Maliana, officially Maliana Administrative Post (Portuguese: Posto Administrativo de Maliana, Tetum: Postu administrativu Maliana), is an administrative post (and was formerly a subdistrict) in Bobonaro municipality, Timor-Leste. Its seat or administrative centre is Holsa.

Administrative posts of Timor-Leste
The municipalities of Timor-Leste are divided into 70 administrative posts (previously subdistricts until 2014) since 2024. On 1 January 2024, three new administrative posts were created, one in Liquiçá Municipality (Loes) and two in Baucau Municipality (Quelicai Antiga and Matebian)

Each administrative post is divided into several sucos. Sucos are divided into several aldeias, the smallest political division of Timor-Leste.