hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Formigliana
Formigliana is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Vercelli in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northeast of Turin and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) northwest of Vercelli. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 548 and an area of 17.1 square kilometres (6.6 sq mi).

Formigliana borders the following municipalities: Balocco, Carisio, Casanova Elvo, Santhià, and Villarboit.

Villarboit
Villarboit is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Vercelli in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northeast of Turin and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) northwest of Vercelli.

It is included in the Lame del Sesia Natural Park.
Geography of Colorado Springs, Colorado
Colorado Springs geography describes geographical topics regarding the city of Colorado Springs, Colorado in El Paso County, Colorado.  With 194.87 sq mi (504.7 km2) of land, it is the state's largest-sized city. Denver is the most populated city.

Fountain Creek (Arkansas River tributary)
Fountain Creek is a creek that originates in Woodland Park in Teller County and flows through El Paso County to its confluence with the Arkansas River near Pueblo in Pueblo County, Colorado. The 74.5-mile-long (119.9 km) creek, once known as the Fontaine qui Bouille, is a tributary of the Arkansas River.: 8
2025 Tour of Belgium
The 2025 Tour of Belgium (known as the 2025 Baloise Belgium Tour for sponsorship purposes) is the 94th edition of the Tour of Belgium road cycling stage race, which is taking place between 18 and 22 June 2025. The category 2.Pro event forms a part of the 2025 UCI ProSeries.

2025 UCI ProSeries
The 2025 UCI ProSeries was the sixth season of the UCI ProSeries, the second tier road cycling tour, below the UCI World Tour, but above the various regional UCI Continental Circuits.

The calendar consists of 58 events, of which 35 are one-day races (1.Pro), and 23 are stage races (2.Pro). There are 51 events in Europe, five in Asia, and one in the United States.
Lü Xiaojun
Lü Xiaojun (Chinese: 吕小军; pinyin: Lǚ Xiǎojūn, born 27 July 1984) is a Chinese weightlifter. He is a three-time Olympic champion and five-time world champion competing in the 77 kg category until 2018 and 81 kg starting in 2018 after the International Weightlifting Federation reorganized the categories.

World record progression men's weightlifting
This is the list of world records progression in men's weightlifting. Records are maintained in each weight class for the snatch lift, clean and jerk lift, and the total for both lifts.

The International Weightlifting Federation restructured its weight classes in 1993, 1998, 2018 and 2025, nullifying earlier records.
1986 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship
The 1986 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship was the 86th staging of the Waterford Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Waterford County Board in 1897.

Tallow were the defending champions.

On 14 September 1986, Mount Sion won the championship after a 0–16 to 0–10 defeat of Lismore in the final. This was their 27th championship title overall and their first title since 1983.

1897 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship
The 1897 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship was the inaugural staging of the Waterford Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Waterford County Board.

Ballytruckle won the championship.
Banu Sa'ida
The Banu Sa'ida (Arabic: بنو ساعدة, romanized: Banu Sā'idah) was a clan of the Banu Khazraj tribe of Medina in the era of Muhammad. The tribe's full name was the Banu Sa'ida ibn Ka'b ibn al-Khazraj.

Prior to their conversion, most members of the clan worshiped idols, which were destroyed after the advent of Islam. Their Jewish allies or clients are mentioned in the Constitution of Medina.

Sa'd ibn Ubadah of the Banu Sa'ida gained prominence and influence among the Ansar, who gathered to pledge allegiance to him following the death of Muhammad. This gathering, hosted at the clan's saqifah, resulted in Abu Bakr being named the first caliph of the Rashidun caliphate.

Banu Khazraj
The Banu Khazraj (Arabic: بنو خزرج) is a large Arab tribe based in Medina. They were also in Medina during Muhammad's era.

The Banu Khazraj are a South Arabian Qahtanite tribe that were pressured out of South Arabia as a result of the destruction of the Marib Dam. Along with their cousin tribe, the Aws, they migrated to Yathrib, later known as Medina.
Torent Alto
The Torent Alto (or Torrone Alto, Italian: "high tower", or Torrone d'Orza) is a mountain of the Swiss Lepontine Alps, located on the border between the cantons of Ticino and Graubünden. It is the highest mountain lying on the chain between Pass Giümella, east of Biasca (2,117 metres) and Bellinzona.

The Torent Alto consists of three ridges and faces. The largest is the north face, which overlooks the Val Pontirone south of Malvaglia. The smallest is the west face, which overlooks the Valle d'Osogna, east of Osogna. The east face overlooks the village of Cauco in the Calanca valley.

Calanca
Calanca is a municipality in the Moesa Region in the Swiss canton of the Grisons.  On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Arvigo, Braggio, Cauco and Selma merged to form the new municipality of Calanca.
François Hanriot
François Hanriot (French pronunciation: [fʁɑ̃swa ɑ̃ʁjo]; 2 December 1759 – 28 July 1794) was a French Sans-culotte leader, street orator, and commander of the National Guard during the French Revolution. He played a vital role in the Insurrection of 31 May – 2 June 1793 and subsequently the fall of the Girondins. On 27 July 1794 he tried to release Maximilien Robespierre, who was arrested by the Convention. He was executed on the next day – together with Robespierre, Saint-Just and Couthon – by the rules of the law of 22 Prairial, only verifying his identity at the trial.

Hôtel de Ville, Paris
The Hôtel de Ville (French: [otɛl də vil] ⓘ; French for 'City Hall') is the city hall of Paris, France, standing on the Place de l'Hôtel-de-Ville – Esplanade de la Libération in the 4th arrondissement. The south wing was originally constructed by Francis I beginning in 1535 until 1551. The north wing was built by Henry IV and Louis XIII between 1605 and 1628. It was burned by the Paris Commune, along with all the city archives that it contained, during the Semaine Sanglante, the Commune's final days, in May 1871.

The outside was rebuilt following the original design, but larger, between 1874 and 1882, while the inside was considerably modified. It has been the headquarters of the municipality of Paris since 1357. It serves multiple functions, housing the local government council, since 1977 the mayors of Paris and their cabinets, and also serves as a venue for large receptions. It was designated a monument historique by the French government in 1975.
Three Studies for a Crucifixion
Three Studies for a Crucifixion is a 1962 triptych oil painting by Francis Bacon. It was completed in March 1962 and comprises three separate canvases, each measuring 198.1 by 144.8 centimetres (6 ft 6.0 in × 4 ft 9.0 in). The work is held by the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York.

Triptych
A triptych (/ˈtrɪptɪk/ TRIP-tik) is a work of art (usually a panel painting) that is divided into three sections, or three carved panels that are hinged together and can be folded shut or displayed open. It is therefore a type of polyptych, the term for all multi-panel works. The middle panel is typically the largest and flanked by two smaller related works, although there are triptychs of equal-sized panels. The form can also be used for pendant jewelry.

Beyond its usual meaning in the visual arts, the term is sometimes used as a title or descriptive term in other arts media such as music or the performing arts for works with three parts.
Secca de bœuf
Secca de bœuf, or Secca d'Entrevaux, is a type of dried salted beef made in Entrevaux. Similar to the Swiss Bündnerfleisch, it is typically eaten as a starter, thinly sliced and served with virgin olive oil, lemon juice, and sliced tomatoes.

Bündnerfleisch
Bündnerfleisch (German pronunciation: [ˈbʏntnɐˌflaɪʃ] ⓘ), also known as Bindenfleisch, Grisons Meat or Viande des Grisons (French pronunciation: [vjɑ̃d de ɡʁizɔ̃]), is an air-dried meat that is produced in the canton of Graubünden, Switzerland.
Commodore 1551
The Commodore 1551 (originally introduced as the SFS 481) is a floppy disk drive for the Commodore Plus/4 home computer. It resembles a charcoal-colored Commodore 1541 and plugs into the cartridge port, providing faster access than the C64/1541 combination. Commodore reportedly planned an interface to allow use of the 1551 with the C64, but it was never released.

Aside from faster access, the drive is very similar to the 1541. Like the 1541, it is a single-sided 170-kilobyte drive for 5¼" disks, with each disk split into 664 256-byte blocks available for user data plus 19 blocks for DOS data and directory; the file system makes each block its own cluster.: 86

Commodore 1541
The Commodore 1541 (also known as the CBM 1541 and VIC-1541) is a floppy disk drive  which was made by Commodore International for the Commodore 64 (C64), Commodore's most popular home computer. The best-known floppy disk drive for the C64, the 1541 is a single-sided 170-kilobyte drive for 5¼" disks. The 1541 directly followed the Commodore 1540 (meant for the VIC-20).

The disk drive uses group coded recording (GCR) and contains a MOS Technology 6502 microprocessor, doubling as a disk controller and on-board disk operating system processor. The number of sectors per track varies from 17 to 21 (an early implementation of zone bit recording with 4 constant angular velocity zones). The drive's built-in disk operating system is CBM DOS 2.6.
1951 CCCF Championship squads
These are the squads for the countries that played in the 1951 CCCF Championship.

The age listed for each player is on 25 February 1951, the first day of the tournament. The numbers of caps and goals listed for each player do not include any matches played after the start of the tournament. The club listed is the club for which the player last played a competitive match before the tournament. The nationality for each club reflects the national association (not the league) to which the club is affiliated. A flag is included for coaches who are of a different nationality than their own national team.

1951 CCCF Championship
The 1951 CCCF Championship was the fifth edition of the CCCF Championship, the tournament began on February 25 and ended on March 4, 1951.

This was the edition with the fewest participants due to the polio epidemic. All the matches were in Panama City and the champion was the host Panama, and qualified to the 1952 Panamerican Championship on Chile.
Otoque Island
Otoque is an island located in the Gulf of Panama, within the Taboga District. It has an area of 2.66 km². At the time of the 2000 census, the population was 130. The island was originally inhabited by indigenous groups led by the chiefs Careta, Tatalao, and Estivá, who fought against the Spanish conquerors. There are two towns, located at opposite sides of the island. These form the corregimientos of Otoque Oriente and Otoque West. The island's economy is based on fishing and subsistence agriculture.

Gulf of Panama
The Gulf of Panama (Spanish: Golfo de Panamá) is a gulf of the Pacific Ocean off the southern coast of Panama, where most of eastern Panama's southern shores adjoin it. The Gulf has a maximum width of 250 kilometres (160 mi; 130 nmi), a maximum depth of 220 metres (722 ft) and the size of 2,400 square kilometres (930 sq mi). The Panama Canal connects the Gulf of Panama with the Caribbean Sea, thus linking the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. The Panamanian capital Panama City is the main urban centre on the gulf shore.

The Gulf itself also contains a few minor gulfs, with Panama Bay to the north, Gulf of Parita to the west and Gulf of San Miguel to the east. The gulf has a few islands and on the coast there are a few important ports, like Panama City, La Palma and Chitrè. The Pearl Islands archipelago is a group of over two hundred islands situated to the east in the gulf.

Panama’s largest river, the Tuira, flows south into the Gulf of San Miguel.
Wahab Riaz
Wahab Riaz (Urdu: وہاب ریاض; born 28 June 1985) is a Pakistani former cricketer and cricket administrator who was chief selector of Pakistan national cricket team from November 2023 to July 2024.

Riaz was a left-arm fast bowler and a right-handed batsman. He frequently bowled at speeds of around 90 mph (144.8 km/h) and had reached 96 miles per hour (154 km/h). His all round performance in ICC Cricket World Cup 2015 earned him worldwide recognition. In August 2018, he was one of 33 players to be awarded a central contract for the 2018–19 season by the Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB). In September 2019, Riaz announced that he would be taking a break from red-ball cricket to focus on the shorter formats of the game. He also served as an advisor to the chief minister of Punjab for sports and youth affairs, in the caretaker government headed by Mohsin Raza Naqvi.

Michael Clarke (cricketer)
Michael John Clarke AO (born 2 April 1981) is an Australian former cricketer. He was captain of the Australian cricket team in both Test and One Day International (ODI) between 2011 and 2015, leading Australia to victory in the 2015 Cricket World Cup. He also served as captain of the Twenty20 International (T20I) team between 2007 and 2010. With his time representing Australia, Clarke won multiple ICC titles with the team: the 2007 Cricket World Cup, the 2015 Cricket World Cup which he was the winning captain, and the 2006 ICC Champions Trophy.

Nicknamed "Pup", Clarke was a right-handed middle-order batsman, an occasional left-arm orthodox spin bowler and also a slip catcher. He represented New South Wales at a domestic level.

Clarke retired from all forms of cricket after the final Test of the 2015 Ashes series.
Kaymakçı (archaeological site)
Kaymakçı is a Bronze Age archaeological site overlooking Marmara Lake in Manisa Province, Turkey. Given its size and location, the settlement is considered a leading candidate for the capital city of the Seha River Land.

Manisa Province
Manisa Province (Turkish: Manisa ili) is a province and metropolitan municipality in western Turkey. Its area is 13,339 km2, and its population is 1,468,279 (2022). Its neighboring provinces are İzmir to the west, Aydın to the south, Denizli to the southeast, Uşak to the east, Kütahya to the northeast, and Balıkesir to the north. The city of Manisa is the seat and capital of the province. The traffic code is 45.
Gotofredo da Castiglione
Gotofredo da Castiglione (sometimes given as Gotofredo II to distinguish him from Gotofredo I, Archbishop of Milan) was an Italian anti-bishop from 1070 to 1075, appointed by Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor to the office of Bishop of Milan. This began the Investiture Controversy, whereby Pope Gregory VII excommunicated Gotofredo over the issue of lay investiture.

Gotofredo was eventually recanted as bishop after the Walk to Canossa in 1077.

Road to Canossa
The Road to Canossa or Humiliation of Canossa (Italian: L'umiliazione di Canossa), or, sometimes, the Walk to Canossa (German: Gang nach Canossa/Kanossa) was the journey of the Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV to Canossa Castle in 1077, and his subsequent ritual submission there to Pope Gregory VII. It took place during the Investiture controversy and involved the Emperor seeking absolution and the revocation of his excommunication by the Pope who had been staying at the castle as the guest of Margravine Matilda of Tuscany.

According to contemporary sources, he was forced to supplicate on his knees, waiting for three days and nights before the castle gate  while a blizzard raged, "one of the most dramatic moments of the Middle Ages". The episode has spurred much debate among medieval chroniclers as well as modern historians, who dispute whether the walk was a humiliating defeat for the emperor or a "brilliant masterstroke".
Tofurkey
Tofurkey  (a portmanteau of tofu and turkey) is a plant-based meat substitute patterned after turkey, in the form of a loaf of vegetarian protein, usually made from tofu (soybean protein) or seitan (wheat protein) with a stuffing made from grains or bread, flavored with a broth and seasoned with herbs and spices. It is often served at a vegetarian or vegan Thanksgiving meal.

Seitan
Seitan (UK: /ˈseɪtæn/, US: /-tɑːn/; Japanese: セイタン) is a food made from gluten, the main protein of wheat.
It is also known as miànjīn (Chinese: 麵筋), fu (Japanese: 麩), milgogi (Korean: 밀고기), mì căn, wheat meat, gluten meat, or simply gluten.

Wheat gluten is an alternative to soybean-based foods, such as tofu, which are sometimes used as a meat alternative. Some types of wheat gluten have a chewy or stringy texture that resembles meat more than other substitutes. Wheat gluten is often used instead of meat in Asian, vegetarian, vegan, Buddhist, and macrobiotic cuisines. Mock duck is a common use.

Wheat gluten first appeared during the 6th century as an ingredient for Chinese noodles. It has historically been popular in the cuisines of China, Japan and other East and Southeast Asian nations. In Asia, it is commonly found on the menus of restaurants catering primarily to Buddhist customers who do not eat meat.
Terbium(III) oxalate
Terbium(III) oxalate is the oxalate of terbium with the chemical formula Tb2(C2O4)3. Its decahydrate can be obtained by reacting terbium(III) chloride and oxalic acid in an aqueous solution. Its decahydrate gradually loses water when heated and becomes anhydrous. Continued heating obtains terbium(III,IV) oxide. It decomposes in isolation from air to form terbium(III) oxide. The decomposed gas products are carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. It reacts with hydrochloric acid to obtain H[Tb(C2O4)2]·6H2O.

Oxalic acid
Oxalic acid is an organic acid with the systematic name ethanedioic acid and chemical formula HO−C(=O)−C(=O)−OH, also written as (COOH)2 or (CO2H)2 or H2C2O4. It is the simplest dicarboxylic acid. It is a white crystalline solid that forms a colorless solution in water. Its name is derived from early investigators who isolated oxalic acid from flowering plants of the genus Oxalis, commonly known as wood-sorrels. It occurs naturally in many foods.  It can be toxic when eaten in significant quantities, and contact with concentrated forms can cause chemical burns.

Oxalic acid is a much stronger acid than acetic acid. It is a reducing agent and its conjugate bases hydrogenoxalate (HC2O−4) and oxalate (C2O2−4) are chelating agents for metal cations. It is used as a cleaning agent, especially for the removal of rust, because it forms a water-soluble ferric iron complex, the ferrioxalate ion. Oxalic acid typically occurs as the dihydrate with the formula H2C2O4·2H2O.
Kāśikāvṛttī
The Kāśikāvṛtti ("the commentary of [composed or used in] Kāśi, i.e. Varanasi")  is a commentary on Pāṇini, attributed to Jayāditya and Vāmana, composed in c. the 7th century.

It is considered one of the great grammar texts of Sanskrit after Pāṇini's Aṣṭādhyāyī (4th century BCE), Kātyāyana's Vārtikās (6th-4th century BCE-unclear), Patanjali's Mahabhasya (2nd century BCE),  and Bhartṛhari's Vākyapadīya (6th century CE).

Aṣṭādhyāyī
The Aṣṭādhyāyī (/ˌæstədˈjɑː(j)i/; Sanskrit: अष्टाध्यायी [ɐʂʈaːdʱjáːjiː]) is a grammar text that describes a form of the Sanskrit language.

Authored by the ancient Sanskrit scholar Pāṇini and dated to around 6th c. BCE, 6-5th c. BCE and 4th c. BCE, it describes the language as current in his time, specifically the dialect and register of an elite of model speakers, referred to by Pāṇini himself as śiṣṭa. The work also accounts both for some features specific to the older Vedic form of the language, as well as certain dialectal features current in the author's time.

The Aṣṭādhyāyī employs a derivational system to describe the language.

The Aṣṭādhyāyī is supplemented by three ancillary texts: Akṣarasamāmnāya, Dhātupāṭha and Gaṇapāṭha.
Yu Dafu
Yu Wen, better known by his courtesy name Yu Dafu (December 7, 1896 – September 17, 1945) was a modern Chinese short story writer and poet. He was one of the new literary group initiators, and this new literary group was named the Creation Society. His literary masterpieces include Chenlun (沈淪, Sinking), Chunfeng chenzui de wanshang (春風沈醉的晚上, Intoxicating Spring Nights), Guoqu (過去, The Past), Chuben (出奔, Flight) and so on. Yu Dafu's literary works' writing style and main themes profoundly influenced a group of young writers and formed a spectacular romantic trend in Chinese literature in the 1920s and 1930s. He died in the Japanese-occupied Dutch East Indies, likely executed.

Hangchow University
Hangchow University (traditional Chinese: 之江大學; simplified Chinese: 之江大学), also spelled as Zhijiang University and formerly known as Hangchow Christian College, Hangchow College, and Hangchow Presbyterian College, is a defunct Protestant missionary university in China, which is one of the predecessors of Zhejiang University. Founded as the Ningpo Boys' Boarding School by Divie Bethune McCartee and colleagues of Northern Presbyterian Church in Ningbo in 1845, the university was one of the oldest missionary schools in China before it was shut down in 1952. The university was merged into Zhejiang University and other universities in China. Its campus was taken over by Zhejiang University as its Zhijiang Campus in 1961, which became a major nationally protected historic site in 2006.
KV29
Tomb KV29 is an ancient Egyptian tomb in the Valley of the Kings, in the Theban Necropolis of Egypt. It is located near the mid-Eighteenth Dynasty tombs of Tiaa (KV32), Merytre-Hatshepsut (KV42), and Thutmose III (KV34). The tomb was known since the 1830s and given the number KV29 in 1899 but no records of an earlier excavation exist. The entrance shaft was previously planned by the Theban Mapping Project in the 1990s. The tomb was first excavated by the University of Basel King's Valley Project in 2011. Excavation continued in 2016 but the rest of the tomb is filled with debris and its layout is unknown.

KV32
Tomb KV32, located in the Valley of the Kings in Egypt, is the burial site of Tia'a, the wife of Amenhotep II and mother of Thutmose IV.

The tomb was discovered in 1898 by Victor Loret. It is an undecorated tomb and runs back some 40 metres into the mountainside with a burial chamber (6.24 x 8.56 x 4.01 m) at the end. A portion of it was penetrated by workmen digging the original burial chamber in the tomb of Siptah KV47.

KV32 has been fully cleared, excavated and published by a team from the University of Basel's MISR Project. The finds in the tomb include hundreds of fragments of a canopic chest and fragments of lids with a human head for covering the potholes that contained the entrails of the queen. Other finds include shabtis and shabti miniature coffins with the name of the queen. Vases with the name of the mayor of Thebes, Sennefer and those of his wife Sentnay were also found.
Frederick Arthur MacKenzie
Frederick Arthur MacKenzie (1869–1931) was a Canadian journalist that covered several geopolitical developments in East Asia in the early 20th century. He was one of the few Western journalists to cover the Russo-Japanese War from the Japanese side and the Korean resistance against Japan during the Japanese occupation of Korea.

He briefly contributed to the Pall Mall Gazette, and then for several years he worked with the Daily Mail as a travelling correspondent in East Asia. His last book was on religious persecution in Soviet Russia.

In 2014, he was posthumously awarded the Order of Merit for National Foundation by the Korean Government.

Righteous armies
In Korean history, righteous armies (Korean: 의병), sometimes translated as irregular armies or militias, mainly refers to civilian armed organizations that were spontaneously formed to fight against foreign invasions, such as the Imjin War and the Qing invasion of Joseon. The Righteous armies under the Korean Empire also followed this trend; they did not have proper weapons, but fought against Japanese imperialism.