hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spanish–Ottoman wars
The Spanish–Ottoman wars were a series of wars fought between the Ottoman Empire and the Spanish Empire for Mediterranean and overseas influence, and specially for global religious dominance between the Catholic Church and Ottoman Caliphate. The peak of the conflict was in the 16th century, during the reigns of Charles V, Philip II of Spain, and Suleiman the Magnificent in the years 1515–1577, although it formally ended in 1782.

Kingdom of Hormuz
The Kingdom of Hormuz (also known as Hormoz or, archaically, Ormus; Persian: هرمز; Portuguese: Ormuz) was located in the eastern side of the Persian Gulf and extended as far as Bahrain in the west at its zenith. The Kingdom was established in the 11th century initially as a dependency of the Kerman Seljuk Sultanate, and later as an autonomous tributary of the Salghurid Turkmens and the Ilkhanates. In its last phase Hormuz became a client state of the Portuguese Empire in the East.

The island was a major economic base of economic exchanges and marine trade as an important port between the Persian Gulf and the Indian Ocean. This port was originally located on the southern coast of Iran to the east of the Strait of Hormuz, near the modern city of Minab, and was later relocated to the island of Jarun which came to be known as Hormuz Island, which is located near the modern city of Bandar-e Abbas.
1985 Special Honours
As part of the British honours system, Special Honours are issued at the Monarch's pleasure at any given time. The Special Honours refer to the awards made within royal prerogative, operational honours and other honours awarded outside the New Years Honours and Birthday Honours

Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom and the British Overseas Territories, personal bravery, achievement, or service are rewarded with honours. The honours system consists of three types of award:

Honours are used to recognise merit in terms of achievement and service;

Decorations tend to be used to recognise specific deeds;

Medals are used to recognise service on a particular operation or in a specific theatre, long or valuable service, and good conduct.

Appointments to the various orders and awards of other honours are usually published in The London Gazette.
Niclas Andersén (footballer)
Niclas Andersén (born 5 August 1992) is a Swedish former footballer who mainly played as a left-back.

Andersén have played two Allsvenskan games, one for IFK Göteborg in 2010 and one for BK Häcken in 2016. Besides four seasons for Ljungskile SK, he has only represented clubs in Gothenburg, Sweden.

Swedish Football Association
The Swedish Football Association (Swedish: Svenska Fotbollförbundet, SvFF) is the governing and body of football in Sweden. It organises the football leagues – Allsvenskan for men and Damallsvenskan for women – and the men's and women's national teams. It is based in Solna and is a founding member of both FIFA and UEFA. SvFF is supported by 24 district organisations.
Holy Child School Rudrapur
Holy Child School is a co-educational secondary school in Bharatpur, Rampur district, Uttar Pradesh, India. The school was founded 1 April 1999 and is managed by the Holy Children Education & Welfare Society. Classes are conducted in English.

Rampur district
Rampur district is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state of India, and Rampur town is the district headquarters. Rampur district is a part of Moradabad division. The district occupies an area of 2,367 km2 (914 sq mi).
2015–16 ISU Speed Skating World Cup – World Cup 4 – Men's 500 metres
The men's 500 metres races of the 2015–16 ISU Speed Skating World Cup 4, arranged in the Thialf arena in Heerenveen, Netherlands, were held on 11 and 13 December 2015.

Pavel Kulizhnikov of Russia won race one, while his compatriot Aleksey Yesin came second, and Alex Boisvert-Lacroix of Canada came third. Espen Aarnes Hvammen of Norway won the first Division B race.

Ruslan Murashov of Russia won race two, with Boisvert-Lacroix in second place, and Hvammen in third. Denis Koval of Russia won the second Division B race.

2015–16 ISU Speed Skating World Cup – World Cup 4
The fourth competition weekend of the 2015–16 ISU Speed Skating World Cup was held in the Thialf arena in Heerenveen, Netherlands, from Friday, 11 December, until Sunday, 13 December 2015.

There were no world records over the weekend. Multiple winners were Pavel Kulizhnikov of Russia, who won one of the men's 500 m races and the 1000 m race, and Sven Kramer of the Netherlands, who won the men's 5000 m race and the team pursuit.
Ethel Bentham
Ethel Bentham, JP (5 January 1861 – 19 January 1931) was a progressive medical doctor, a politician and a suffragist in the United Kingdom. She was born in London, educated at Alexandra School and College in Dublin, the London School of Medicine for Women and the Rotunda Hospital.

National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies
The National Union of Women Suffrage Societies (NUWSS), also known as the suffragists (not to be confused with the suffragettes) was an organisation founded in 1897 of women's suffrage societies around the United Kingdom. In March 1919 it was renamed the National Union of Societies for Equal Citizenship.
Giżyn, Myślibórz County
Giżyn [ˈɡiʐɨn] (German: Giesenbrügge) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowogródek Pomorski, within Myślibórz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) north of Nowogródek Pomorski, 10 km (6 mi) east of Myślibórz, and 60 km (37 mi) south-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has a population of 400.

Nowogródek Pomorski
Nowogródek Pomorski [nɔvɔˈɡrudɛk pɔˈmɔrski] is a village in Myślibórz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Nowogródek Pomorski. It lies approximately 12 km (7 mi) east of Myślibórz and 64 km (40 mi) south-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The village has a population of 450.

When part of the Greater Poland province of the fragmented Polish realm, Duke Władysław Odonic granted the area to the Knights Templar in 1232. An Early Gothic church was built in the village in the 13th century. Once a town, it received town rights in 1317 and was deprived of them before 1500. The village was heavily destroyed during the Thirty Years' War.

The main landmark of Nowogródek Pomorski is the Gothic church of Our Lady Queen of Poland, which dates back to the 13th century.
Panyembrama
Panyembrama (Balinese: ᬧᬜᭂᬫ᭄ᬩ᭄ᬭᬫ) is a secular Balinese dance form designed by I Wayan Berata and first performed in 1971. It includes movements from several sacral Balinese dances. The dance was intended to replace for performances in front of tourists.

Legong
Legong (Balinese: ᬮᬾᬕᭀᬂ, légong) is a form of Balinese dance. It is a refined dance form characterized by intricate finger movements, complicated footwork, and expressive gestures and facial expressions.
Rohtas Fort
Rohtas Fort (Punjabi: روہتاس قلعہ, romanized: Rohtās Qillā; Urdu: قلعہِ روہتاس, romanized: Qilā-e-Rohtās) is a 16th-century fortress located near the city of Dina in Jhelum district of the Punjab province, Pakistan. Commissioned by Sur emperor Sher Shah Suri, its construction was supervised by Raja Todar Mal and is now one of the largest and most formidable forts in Punjab.

The fort remains remarkably intact and was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. UNESCO called it an "exceptional example of the Muslim military architecture of Central and South Asia." Over one-third of the fortress area is occupied by the Rohtas village, inhabited continuously since the times of Islam Shah Suri, making Rohtas one of the few living forts in the world.

Merlon
A merlon is the solid, upright section of a battlement (a crenellated parapet) in medieval architecture or fortifications. Merlons are sometimes pierced by narrow, vertical embrasures, or tooth-like slits designed for observation and fire. The space between two merlons is called a crenel, and a succession of merlons and crenels is a crenellation. Crenels designed in later eras for use by cannons were also called embrasures.
Hodgkinsonia
Hodgkinsonia is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Rubiaceae. It only contains one species, Hodgkinsonia ovatiflora F.Muell.

Its native range is eastern Australia, in the territories of New South Wales and Queensland.

The genus name of Hodgkinsonia is in honour of Clement Hodgkinson (1818–1893), an English naturalist, explorer and surveyor of Australia. The Latin specific epithet of ovatiflora is derived from ovatus	L	meaning egg-shaped and flora meaning flower.
Both genus and species were first described and published in Fragm. (Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae) Vol.2 on page 132 in 1861.

Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae (/ruːbiˈeɪsiːˌiː, -siˌaɪ/) is a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with interpetiolar stipules and sympetalous actinomorphic flowers. The family contains about 14,200 species in about 615 genera, which makes it the fourth-largest angiosperm family by number of species. Rubiaceae has a cosmopolitan distribution; however, the largest species diversity is concentrated in the tropics and subtropics. Economically important genera include  Coffea, the source of coffee; Cinchona, the source of the antimalarial alkaloid quinine; ornamental cultivars (e.g., Gardenia, Ixora, Pentas); and historically some dye plants (e.g., Rubia).
Eupatorium compositifolium
Eupatorium compositifolium, commonly called yankeeweed and coastal dog fennel, is a North American herbaceous perennial plant in the family Asteraceae native to the southern United States (from North Carolina to Florida and Texas). Like other members of the genus Eupatorium it has inflorescences containing a large number of small, white flower heads, each with 5 disc florets but no ray florets. The plant is  0.5 to 2 meters (20-80 inches) tall. Flowers bloom August to October. Its habitats include sand dunes, disturbed areas, and flat-woods.

It is closely related to Eupatorium capillifolium and Eupatorium leptophyllum and some authors consider all of them to be varieties of E. capillifolium.  However, E. compositifolium is not as tall as E. capillifolium and is found in drier areas.

Because it is not grazed by livestock, and mostly not eaten by wildlife, it is considered undesirable in places like pastures and controlled by means such as herbicides.

Eupatorium leptophyllum
Eupatorium leptophyllum, commonly called false fennel, is a herbaceous perennial plant in the family Asteraceae native to the southeastern United States from Mississippi to the Carolinas.  Like other members of the genus Eupatorium, it is about one to two meters (40-80 inches) tall and has inflorescences containing a large number of tiny white flower heads, each with 5 disc florets but no ray florets. E. leptophyllum grows in wet areas and can grow in shallow water, often at the edges of ponds.
Akiachak, Alaska
Akiachak (ACK-ee-uh-chuck; Central Yupik: Akiacuaq) is a census-designated place (CDP) in the Bethel Census Area in the U.S. state of Alaska. The population was 677 in the 2020 census, up from 627 in 2010, and 585 in 2000.

Bethel, Alaska
Bethel (Central Yupik: Mamterilleq) is a city in the U.S. state of Alaska, located on the Kuskokwim River approximately 50 miles (80 km) from where the river flows into Kuskokwim Bay. It is the largest community in western Alaska and in the Unorganized Borough, as well as the eighth-largest in the state. Bethel has a population of 6,325 as of the 2020 census, up from 6,080 in 2010.

Annual events in Bethel include the Kuskokwim 300 dogsled race; Camai, a Yup'ik dance festival held each spring; and the Bethel Fair held in August.
Aeginetia indica
Aeginetia indica, commonly known as Indian broomrape or forest ghost flower, is a holoparasitic herb or root parasite of the plant family Orobanchaceae. It grows in moist deciduous and semi-evergreen forests of tropical and subtropical Asia and New Guinea. It parasitises plants of the families Cannaceae, Commelinaceae, Cyperaceae, Juncaceae, Poaceae, and Zingiberaceae.

In many regions, including the Nepal Eastern Himalayas, Aeginetia indica is used for medicinal and ritual purposes. For example, the entire plant is placed in shrines or on altars during the Teej festival as a symbol of Shiva and Parvati.

Orobanchaceae
Orobanchaceae, the broomrapes, is a family of mostly parasitic plants of the order Lamiales, with about 90 genera and more than 2000 species. Many of these genera (e.g., Pedicularis, Rhinanthus, Striga) were formerly included in the family Scrophulariaceae sensu lato. With its new circumscription, Orobanchaceae forms a distinct, monophyletic family. From a phylogenetic perspective, it is defined as the largest crown clade containing Orobanche major and relatives, but neither Paulownia tomentosa nor Phryma leptostachya nor Mazus japonicus.

The Orobanchaceae are annual herbs or perennial herbs or shrubs, and most (all except Lindenbergia, Rehmannia and Triaenophora) are parasitic on the roots of other plants—either holoparasitic or hemiparasitic (fully or partly parasitic). The holoparasitic species lack chlorophyll and therefore cannot perform photosynthesis.
Sleep in space
Sleeping in space is part of space medicine and mission planning, with impacts on the health, capabilities and morale of astronauts.

Human spaceflight often requires astronaut crews to endure long periods without rest. Studies have shown that lack of sleep can cause fatigue that leads to errors while performing critical tasks.  Also, individuals who are fatigued often cannot determine the degree of their impairment. Astronauts and ground crews frequently suffer from the effects of sleep deprivation and circadian rhythm disruption. Fatigue due to sleep loss, sleep shifting and work overload could cause performance errors that put space flight participants at risk of compromising mission objectives as well as the health and safety of those on board.

Shift work sleep disorder
Shift work sleep disorder (SWSD) is a circadian rhythm sleep disorder characterized by insomnia, excessive sleepiness, or both affecting people whose work hours overlap with the typical sleep period. Insomnia can be the difficulty to fall asleep or waking up before the individual has slept enough. About 20% of the working population participates in shift work. SWSD commonly goes undiagnosed, and it is estimated that 10–40% of shift workers have SWSD. The excessive sleepiness appears when the individual has to be productive, awake and alert. Both symptoms are predominant in SWSD. There are numerous shift work schedules, and they may be permanent, intermittent, or rotating; consequently, the manifestations of SWSD are quite variable. Most people with different schedules than the ordinary one (from 8 AM to 6 PM) might have these symptoms but the difference is that SWSD is continual, long-term, and starts to interfere with the individual's life.
Cuthbert Bardsley
Cuthbert Killick Norman Bardsley CBE ChStJ (28 March 1907 – 9 January 1991) was an  Anglican bishop and evangelist who served as Bishop of Croydon from 1947 to 1956 and Bishop of Coventry from 1956 to 1976. It was during his tenure at Coventry that the new cathedral was consecrated in 1962, following the destruction of its 14th-century predecessor during the Second World War.

Bishop of Coventry
The Bishop of Coventry is the ordinary of the Church of England Diocese of Coventry in the Province of Canterbury. In the Middle Ages, the Bishop of Coventry was a title used by the bishops known today as the Bishop of Lichfield.

The present diocese covers most of the County of Warwickshire. The see is in the City of Coventry where the bishop's seat is located at the Cathedral Church of Saint Michael. The Bishop's residence is Bishop's House, Coventry.
Shipping markets
The international shipping industry can be divided into four closely related shipping markets, each trading in a different commodity: the freight market, the sale and purchase market, the newbuilding market and the demolition market. These four markets are linked by cash flow and push the market traders in the direction they want.

Cargo
In transportation, cargo refers to goods transported by land, water or air, while freight refers to its conveyance. In economics, freight refers to goods transported at a freight rate for commercial gain. The term cargo is also used in case of goods in the cold-chain, because the perishable inventory is always in transit towards a final end-use, even when it is held in cold storage or other similar climate-controlled facilities, including warehouses.

Multi-modal container units, designed as reusable carriers to facilitate unit load handling of the goods contained, are also referred to as cargo, especially by shipping lines and logistics operators. When empty containers are shipped each unit is documented as a cargo and when goods are stored within, the contents are termed containerized cargo. Similarly, aircraft ULD boxes are also documented as cargo, with an associated packing list of the items contained within.
Josh Battle
Josh Battle (born 1 September 1998) is a professional Australian rules footballer playing for the Hawthorn Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). He was originally drafted by St Kilda Football Club with their second selection and thirty-ninth overall in the 2016 national draft. He made his debut in the sixty-one point loss to Essendon at Etihad Stadium in round seventeen of the 2017 season. Battle joined Hawthorn as an unrestricted free agent following the 2024 AFL season.

2019 AFL Rising Star
The NAB AFL Rising Star award is given annually to a standout young player in the Australian Football League (AFL). The award was won by Carlton's Sam Walsh, marking the fourth time that a player taken first in the draft had won the award.
Bornean treepie
The Bornean treepie (Dendrocitta cinerascens) is a passerine bird belonging to the treepies genus, Dendrocitta, of in the crow family, Corvidae. It is endemic to the island of Borneo. It is sometimes treated as a subspecies of the Sumatran treepie (D. occipitalis).

Dendrocitta
Dendrocitta is a genus of long-tailed passerine birds in the crow and jay family, Corvidae. They are resident in tropical South and Southeast Asia. The generic name is derived from the Greek words dendron, meaning "tree," and kitta, meaning "magpie".

The species are plumaged in black, grey and rufous. Typically, the face and flight feathers are black, and the back is rufous. They are highly arboreal and rarely come to the ground to feed.

They are, in taxonomic order:
1995 Newsweek Champions Cup and the State Farm Evert Cup
The 1995 Newsweek Champions Cup and the State Farm Evert Cup were tennis tournaments played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 22nd edition of the Indian Wells Masters and was part of the Championship Series, Single Week of the 1995 ATP Tour and of Tier II of the 1995 WTA Tour. They were held at the Grand Champions Resort in Indian Wells, California, in the United States, with the men's tournament played from March 6 through March 13, 1995, while the women's tournament took place from February 27 through March 5, 1995.

1995 WTA Tour
The WTA Tour is the elite tour for professional women's tennis organised by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). The WTA Tour includes the four Grand Slam tournaments, the WTA Tour Championships and the WTA Tier I, Tier II, Tier III and Tier IV events. ITF tournaments are not part of the WTA Tour, although they award points for the WTA World Ranking.
Younghusband, South Australia
Younghusband is a small settlement on the left bank of the lower Murray River in South Australia near Mannum. There are views of Lake Carlet from the cliffs near the caravan park.

The historic Wilhaven house in East Front Road is listed on the South Australian Heritage Register.

Younghusband is not near the similarly named Younghusband Peninsula, which is located at the Murray Mouth.

Mannum
Mannum  is a historic town on the west bank of the Murray River in South Australia, 84 kilometres (52 mi) east of Adelaide. Mannum is the seat of the Mid Murray Council, and is situated in the state electoral district of Hammond and the federal Division of Barker.
Long Wharf Theatre
Long Wharf Theatre is a nonprofit institution in New Haven, Connecticut, a pioneer in the not-for-profit regional theatre movement, the originator of several prominent plays, and a venue where many internationally known actors have appeared.

Founded in 1965, the theatre is committed to the creation of new works and the reexamination of classic plays. It is currently led by Artistic Director Jacob G. Padrón and Managing Director Kit Ingui.

The theatre has staged world premieres by Samuel D. Hunter, Craig Lucas, Steve Martin, Paula Vogel, Athol Fugard, and Anna Deavere Smith, among others. In addition, some of the nation’s leading actors, including Sam Waterston, Stacy Keach, Brian Dennehy, Al Pacino, Karen Allen, Colleen Dewhurst, Judith Ivey, Jane Alexander, Reg E. Cathey, Mary McDonnell, and Anna Deavere Smith, have performed on one of the theatre’s two stages.

In 2022, Long Wharf announced plans to leave its longtime venue and become an itinerant New Haven theater company.

Colleen Dewhurst
Colleen Rose Dewhurst (June 3, 1924 – August 22, 1991) was a Canadian-American actress mostly known for theatre roles. She was a renowned interpreter of the works of Eugene O'Neill on the stage, and her career also encompassed film, early dramas on live television, and performances in Joseph Papp's New York Shakespeare Festival. One of her last roles was playing Marilla Cuthbert in the Kevin Sullivan television adaptations of the Anne of Green Gables series and her reprisal of the role in the subsequent TV series Road to Avonlea. In the United States, Dewhurst won two Tony Awards and four Primetime Emmy Awards for her stage and television work. In addition to other Canadian honors over the years, Dewhurst won two Gemini Awards (the former Canadian equivalent of an Emmy Award) for her portrayal of Marilla Cuthbert; once in 1986 and again in 1988.

Dewhurst was a co-founder of the Writers and Artists for Peace in the Middle East, a pro-Israel group.
ENC E-Z Rider
The  ENC E-Z Rider and its successor E-Z Rider II are a line of low-floor, mid-sized, heavy-duty transit buses available in 30', 32', and 35' nominal lengths manufactured by ENC (formerly ElDorado National–California) in Riverside, California starting from 1996. In addition to the different lengths, the buses are available with several powertrain options including traditional diesel, CNG, LNG, Propane, and diesel-electric hybrid.

The initial E-Z Rider was offered from 1996 to 2001. ENC marketed its successor, the E-Z Rider II, from 2001 to 2007. From 2005 until 2014 ENC also offered a restyled model as the E-Z Rider II MAX. The most recent and currently sold version is the E-Z Rider II BRT with bus rapid transit styling and features, which was introduced in 2008.

Low-floor bus
A low-floor bus is a bus or trolleybus that has no steps between the ground and the floor of the bus at one or more entrances, and low floor for part or all of the passenger cabin. A bus with a partial low floor may also be referred to as a low-entry bus or seldom a flat-floor bus in some locations.

Low floor refers to a bus deck that is accessible from the sidewalk with only a single step with a small height difference, caused solely by the difference between the bus deck and sidewalk. This is distinct from high-floor, a bus deck design that requires climbing one or more steps (now known as step entrance) to access the interior floor that is placed at a higher height.  Being low-floor improves the accessibility of the bus for the public, particularly the elderly and people with disabilities, including those using wheelchairs and walkers. Almost all are rear-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout.