hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Park Systems
Park Systems Corp. (Korean: 파크시스템스 주식회사) is a South Korean manufacturer of scientific instruments. Park Systems is best known for its atomic force microscopes (AFM). The company is headquartered in Suwon, Gyeonggi Province, with branch offices in the United States, Japan, Singapore, Taiwan, Germany, and Switzerland.

Park Systems was originally established as PSIA (Korean: 피에스아이에이) on April 7, 1997. The company changed its name to Park Systems in 2007.

Ellipsometry
Ellipsometry is an optical technique for investigating the dielectric properties (complex refractive index or dielectric function) of thin films. Ellipsometry measures the change of polarization upon reflection or transmission and compares it to a model.

It can be used to characterize composition, roughness, thickness (depth), crystalline nature, doping concentration, electrical conductivity and other material properties. It is very sensitive to the change in the optical response of incident radiation that interacts with the material being investigated.

A spectroscopic ellipsometer can be found in most thin film analytical labs. Ellipsometry is also becoming more interesting to researchers in other disciplines such as biology and medicine. These areas pose new challenges to the technique, such as measurements on unstable liquid surfaces and microscopic imaging.
Valvarrone
Valvarrone (Valvarronese: Valvarron) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Lecco in the Italian region Lombardy.

It was established on 1 January 2018 by the merger of the Introzzo, Tremenico and Vestreno municipalities.

Vestreno
Vestreno (Valvarronese: Vestren) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Lecco in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) north of Milan and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) north of Lecco. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 296 and an area of 2.7 square kilometres (1.0 sq mi).

Vestreno borders the following municipalities: Dervio, Dorio, Sueglio.
Jimmy Jeggo
James Alexander Jeggo (/ˈdʒɛɡoʊ/ JEG-oh; born 12 February 1992) is a retired Australian professional soccer player who played as a central midfielder for A-League Men club Melbourne City. Born in Austria, he plays for the Australia national team. Jeggo moved to Australia as a child, where he started his footballing career in youth football with Green Gully and at the Victorian Institute of Sport before making his professional debut for Melbourne Victory.

2017–18 Austrian Cup
The 2017–18 Austrian Cup was the 84th edition of the national cup in Austrian football. The champions of the cup, Sturm Graz, earned a place in the 2018–19 Europa League and would have begun play in the third qualifying round. Sixty–four clubs participated in this season's cup competition.

Red Bull Salzburg were the defending champions after winning the competition in the previous season by defeating SK Rapid Wien in the final.
2014 Roller Derby World Cup
The 2014 Roller Derby World Cup is an international women's roller derby tournament organized by Blood & Thunder magazine.  Teams of amateur skaters from six continents compete for their respective nations.

The 2014 Roller Derby World Cup is the second held, taking place from December 4 through 7, 2014, at Kay Bailey Hutchison Convention Center in Dallas, Texas, United States.  Team USA defeated Team England in the final, repeating their victory from the 2011 Roller Derby World Cup.

2011 Roller Derby World Cup
The 2011 Roller Derby World Cup was an international women's roller derby tournament organized by Blood & Thunder magazine.  Teams of amateur skaters from around the world were fielded to compete for their respective nations.

The inaugural 2011 Roller Derby World Cup was hosted by Toronto Roller Derby, and was held December 1 through 4, 2011, at The Bunker at Downsview Park in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.  It was won by Team USA, who beat Team Canada by a score of 336 points to 33 in the final.

Live online coverage of the entire event was broadcast on the Derby News Network.
Free-radical addition
In organic chemistry, free-radical addition is an addition reaction which involves free radicals.  These reactions can happen due to the free radicals having an unpaired electron in their valence shell, making them highly reactive.  Radical additions are known for a variety of unsaturated substrates, both olefinic or aromatic and with or without heteroatoms.

Free-radical reactions depend on one or more relatively weak bonds in a reagent.  Under reaction conditions (typically heat or light), some weak bonds homolyse into radicals, which then induce further decomposition in their compatriots before recombination.  Different mechanisms typically apply to reagents without such a weak bond.

Ketone
In organic chemistry, a ketone /ˈkiːtoʊn/ is an organic compound with the structure R−C(=O)−R', where R and R' can be a variety of carbon-containing substituents. Ketones contain a carbonyl group −C(=O)− (a carbon-oxygen double bond C=O). A ketone derived from an alkane is an alkanone. The simplest ketone is acetone (where R and R' are methyl), with the formula (CH3)2CO. Many ketones are of great importance in biology and industry. Examples include many sugars (ketoses), many steroids, e.g., testosterone, and the solvent acetone.
George Friend (parliamentary official)
George Friend (1835 – 19 July 1898) was the third Clerk of the New Zealand House of Representatives ("Clerk of the House"), serving in this office for 9 years from 1889. He held positions in the New Zealand public service and Parliament for 45 years until his death at 63 years of age.

Speaker of the New Zealand House of Representatives
In New Zealand, the speaker of the House of Representatives, commonly known as the speaker of the House (Māori: te mana whakawā o te Whare), is the presiding officer and highest authority of the New Zealand House of Representatives. The individual who holds the position is elected by members of the House from among their number in the first session after each general election. They hold one of the highest-ranking offices in New Zealand. The current Speaker is Gerry Brownlee, who was elected on 5 December 2023.

The speaker's role – similar to that of  speakers in other countries that use the Westminster system – involves presiding over debates by determining who may speak, maintaining order during debate, and disciplining members who break the rules of the House. Aside from duties relating to presiding over the House, the speaker also performs administrative and procedural functions, and remains a member of Parliament (MP).
Star of Military Valour
The Star of Military Valour (French: Étoile de la vaillance militaire) is a military decoration that is, within the Canadian system of honours, the second highest award for military valour, and one of three honours for military valour awarded by the governor general of Canada. Created in 1993, the medal is presented to both living and deceased members of the Canadian Forces deemed to have demonstrated "distinguished and valiant service in the presence of the enemy," and grants recipients the ability to use the post-nominal letters SMV.

Canadian Forces' Decoration
The Canadian Forces' Decoration (post-nominal letters "CD") is a Canadian award bestowed upon members of the Canadian Armed Forces who have completed twelve years of military service, with certain conditions. By convention, it is also given to the governor general of Canada upon their appointment, which includes the title of Commander-in-Chief in and over Canada. The decoration is awarded to all ranks, who must have a good record of conduct during the final eight years of claimed service.

The first governor general to receive the CD was Viscount Alexander of Tunis in 1951. The medal was initially awarded to all members of the Royal Family who served in the Canadian Forces, even without completion of twelve years of service; this has, however, not been automatic since 1953.
Passengers of the Titanic
A total of 2,208 people sailed on the maiden voyage of the RMS Titanic, the second of the White Star Line's Olympic-class ocean liners, from Southampton, England, to New York City. Partway through the voyage, the ship struck an iceberg and sank in the early morning of 15 April 1912, resulting in the deaths of 1,501 passengers and crew.

The ship's passengers were separated into three separate classes determined by the price of their ticket: those travelling in first class—most of them the wealthiest passengers on board—including prominent members of the upper class, businessmen, politicians, high-ranking military personnel, industrialists, bankers, entertainers, socialites, and professional athletes. Second-class passengers were predominantly middle-class travelers and included professors, authors, clergymen, and tourists. Third-class or steerage passengers were primarily immigrants moving to the United States and Canada.

Joseph Philippe Lemercier Laroche
Joseph Philippe Lemercier Laroche (French pronunciation: [ʒozɛf filip ləmɛʁsje laʁɔʃ]; 26 May 1886 – 15 April 1912) was a Haitian engineer. He was one of only three passengers of known Haitian ancestry (the other two being his children) on the ill-fated voyage of RMS Titanic.

He put his pregnant French wife and their two daughters onto a lifeboat; they survived, but he did not. Joseph's daughter, Louise Laroche (2 July 1910 – 28 January 1998) was one of the last remaining survivors of the sinking of RMS Titanic.

LaRoche, a three-act opera by Atlanta composer Sharon J. Willis, is based on his life and was part of the 2003 National Black Arts Festival, premiering at the Callanwolde Fine Arts Center on July 18 of that year.
Lom Municipality (Norway)
Lom is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Gudbrandsdal. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Fossbergom. Another village area in Lom is Elvesæter.

The 1,969-square-kilometre (760 sq mi) municipality is the 38th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Lom Municipality is the 271st most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 2,215. The municipality's population density is 1.1 inhabitants per square kilometre (2.8/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 6.3% over the previous 10-year period.

Lom Municipality is famous for its extensive history. Lom Stave Church, one of the few remaining stave churches in Norway, is located here. It's also notable for being located in the midst of several of the highest mountains in Northern Europe.

Prestegjeld
A prestegjeld was a geographic and administrative area within the Church of Norway (Den Norske Kirke) roughly equivalent to a parish. This traditional designation was in use for centuries to divide the kingdom into ecclesiastical areas that were led by a parish priest. Prestegjelds began in the 1400s and were officially discontinued in 2012.
Peter Townsend (cricketer)
Peter Norton Townsend (15 February 1910 – 9 May 1995) was an English first-class cricketer.

The son of the cricketer Charlie Townsend, he was born in February 1910 at Norton, County Durham. He was educated at Winchester College, before going up to New College, Oxford. While studying at Oxford, he played first-class cricket for Oxford University in 1929, making two appearances against the touring South Africans and Nottinghamshire. He scored 16 runs in his two matches, while with his leg break bowling he took 3 wickets. After graduating from Oxford, he became a solicitor. Townsend died at Bromley in May 1995. Coming from a large cricketing family, several relatives played cricket at first-class level, with his father and brother, David, playing Test cricket for England.

Charlie Townsend
Charles Lucas Townsend (7 November 1876 – 17 October 1958)  was a Gloucestershire cricketer. An all-round cricketer, Townsend was classically stylish, left-handed batsman, who was able to hit well despite his slender build. His off-side strokes were particularly effective, and his driving allowed him to score at a consistent pace throughout his major innings. In his younger days Townsend was also a spin bowler, who relied chiefly on a big break from leg but could also turn the ball the other way. He was often extremely difficult on sticky wickets but very rarely effective on good ones.
Ming campaigns against the Mongols
Ming campaigns against the Mongols refer to a series of battles and other military efforts conducted by the Ming dynasty against the Mongols.

These include:

Ming conquest of Yunnan, the final phase in the Ming dynasty expulsion of Yuan dynasty from China proper in the 1380s.

Ming campaign against the Uriankhai, an offensive military expedition campaign in 1387 of Ming dynasty's army led by Feng Sheng against the Uriankhai horde of the Mongol chieftain Naghachu in Manchuria, concluding with the surrender of the Uriankhai.

Battle of Buir Lake, fought between the Ming dynasty's army led by Lan Yu and Northern Yuan forces under Toghus Temur at Buir Lake in 1388, concluding with the defeat of the Northern Yuan horde and the capture of many of their people.

Yongle Emperor's campaigns against the Mongols, a series of aggressive military campaigns under the Yongle Emperor, from 1410 to 1424, against the Eastern Mongols, Oirat Mongols, and various other Mongol tribes.

Battle of Buir Lake
The Battle of Buir Lake was fought between Ming China and Northern Yuan at the Buir Lake in 1388. The Ming army was led by General Lan Yu, who undertook the military campaign against the Northern Yuan horde led by Tögüs Temür. The Ming army defeated the Northern Yuan horde at the Buir Lake and captured many of their people.
The Same Door
The Same Door is a collection of 16 works of short fiction by John Updike published in 1959 by Alfred A. Knopf. The stories in the volume first appeared separately in The New Yorker, some in a slightly different form than in the collection. The Same Door is Updike's first volume of short stories.

Alfred A. Knopf
Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. (/knɒpf/) is an American publishing house that was founded by Blanche Knopf and Alfred A. Knopf Sr. in 1915. Blanche and Alfred traveled abroad regularly and were known for publishing European, Asian, and Latin American writers in addition to leading American literary trends. It was acquired by Random House in 1960, and is now part of the Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group division of Penguin Random House which is owned by the German conglomerate Bertelsmann.

The Knopf publishing house is associated with the borzoi logo in its colophon, which was designed by co-founder Blanche Knopf in 1925.
CAMS 90
The CAMS 90 was an amphibious observation flying boat built in the early 1930s. The wings were made of wood, but the hull was of all-metal construction. The Lorraine Mizar engine was mounted in a pusher configuration.

Amphibious aircraft
An amphibious aircraft, or amphibian, is an aircraft that can take off and land on both solid ground and water. These aircraft are typically fixed-wing, though amphibious helicopters do exist as well. Fixed-wing amphibious aircraft are seaplanes (flying boats and floatplanes) which are equipped with retractable wheels, at the expense of extra weight and complexity, plus diminished range and fuel economy compared with planes designed specifically for land-only or water-only operation.
Arul Suppiah
Arul Vivasvan Suppiah (born 30 August 1983) is a former Malaysian cricketer. As a right-handed batsman and left-arm orthodox spin bowler, he played for the Malaysia national cricket team and county cricket in England for Somerset County Cricket Club. His career highs involve holding a world record for best Twenty20 bowling figures and first-class innings of 156 against India, in a match before the Test series against England. He is the youngest ever player to play for Malaysia, and has played for England at Under-14, Under-15, Under-16 and Under-18 level. He has also represented England Under-16s at hockey. His elder brother Rohan also played for Malaysia.

Pro40
The NatWest Pro40 League was a one-day cricket league for first-class cricket counties in England and Wales. It was inaugurated in 1999, but was essentially the old Sunday League retitled to reflect large numbers of matches being played on days other than Sunday.
Magic Dirt (US Version)
Magic Dirt is a compilation album by Australian alternative rock band Magic Dirt. It was released in the U.S. on New York label, Dirt Records in 1995. It compiles the band's first two Australian-released EPs Signs of Satanic Youth and Life was Better along with additional track "Goofy Gumb".

Life Was Better
Life Was Better is the second extended play release by Australian rock band Magic Dirt. It was released in November 1994 on the Melbourne independent label Au Go Go Records. The EP debuted at No. 1 on Australia's alternative chart, where it remained for 75 weeks. It peaked at number 71 on the Australian singles chart, selling over 20,000 copies. At the ARIA Music Awards of 1995, the EP was nominated for four awards; Best New Talent, Best Independent Release, Breakthrough Artist – Single and Best Alternative Release. In 2020, the EP was re-released on CD and vinyl and it entered the Australian albums chart at number 26.
Ziv Bohrer
Ziv Itzhak Bohrer (Hebrew: זיו יצחק בורר; born 22 September 1980) is an Israeli jurist and researcher who specializes in public and criminal international law, as well as international humanitarian law. Bohrer is a senior lecturer at the Faculty of Law at Bar-Ilan University in Ramat Gan and a member of the Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies.

Begin–Sadat Center for Strategic Studies
The Begin–Sadat Center for Strategic Studies (BESA Center; Hebrew: מרכז בֶּגין-סַאדאת למחקרים אסטרטגיים, romanized: mirkaz began-sadt lemachakrim astrategi'im) is an Israeli right-leaning think tank affiliated with Bar-Ilan University and supported by the NATO Mediterranean Initiative, conducting policy-relevant research on Middle Eastern and global strategic affairs, particularly as they relate to the national security and foreign policy of Israel and regional peace and stability. The center's mission is to contribute to promoting peace and security in the Middle East, through policy-oriented researches on national security in the Middle East. It is located at the Social Sciences Faculty of Bar-Ilan University. The center was founded by Thomas Hecht, a Canadian-Jewish leader, and was dedicated to Menachem Begin and Anwar Sadat, who signed the Egypt–Israel peace treaty, the first peace agreement ever signed between Israel and an Arab country.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1528
United Nations Security Council resolution 1528, adopted unanimously on 27 February 2004, after recalling resolutions 1464 (2003), 1479 (2003), 1498 (2003), 1514 (2003) and 1527 (2004) on the situation in Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast), the council established the United Nations Operation in Côte d'Ivoire (UNOCI) for an initial period of twelve months.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1464
United Nations Security Council resolution 1464, adopted unanimously on 4 February 2003, after reaffirming its commitment to the sovereignty, territorial integrity and unity of Côte d'Ivoire, the council called for the implementation of the peace agreement signed at Linas-Marcoussis to end the civil war in the country.
Bill Carr
William Arthur Carr (October 24, 1909 – January 14, 1966) was an American athlete and double Olympic champion in 1932. Called the "Arkansas flyer," Carr never lost a race during his college and Olympic career.

National Track and Field Hall of Fame
The National Track and Field Hall of Fame is a museum operated by The Armory Foundation in conjunction with USA Track & Field. It is located within the Armory Foundation (the former Fort Washington Avenue Armory) at 216 Fort Washington Avenue, between 168th and 169th Streets, in Washington Heights, in the New York City borough of Manhattan. The stated goal of the Hall is to reflect upon, appreciate, and honor the past by saluting Americans who have made important contributions to the history of Track and Field. Inductees to the Hall of Fame include athletes, coaches, contributors, officials, event directors, journalists and administrators. USA Track & Field has been inducting members into the Hall since 1974.  Currently there are 254 people enshrined.
Cerro Piergiorgio
Cerro Piergiorgio is a mountain at the border between Argentina and Chile, on the Chilean side its on the Chaltén Mountain Range Natural Site in the Bernardo O'Higgins National Park. Its altitude is 2719 m. It is in Patagonia, in the Chilean Magallanes and Antártica Chilena region and in the Argentinian province of Santa Cruz, near the Argentinian village of El Chaltén.

On the Chilean side, it is located in the Bernardo O'Higgins National Park, being its eastern side in the Chaltén Mountain Range Natural Site, which is an integral part of the park.

Previously, Chile claimed the entire mountain, but after the arbitration decision of the dispute of the Desert Lagoon in 1994, the limit was defined in the hill, being recognized as a binational landmark by both countries.

Argentina–Chile border
The Argentina–Chile border is the longest international border of South America and the third longest in the world after the Canada–United States border and the Kazakhstan–Russia border. With a length of 5,308 kilometres (3,298 mi), it separates Argentina from Chile along the Andes and on the islands of Tierra del Fuego. However, there are some border disputes, particularly around the Southern Patagonian Ice Field. It is the largest border of the two countries, beating the Argentina–Paraguay and Chile–Bolivia, Argentina's and Chile's second largest borders, respectively.

Many crossings along the border are also mountain passes along the continental divide. In the far south and far north the border follows straight lines between summits or along parallels or meridians.
Plumber's snake
A plumber's snake or drain snake or drain auger is a slender, flexible auger used to dislodge clogs in plumbing. The plumber's snake is often reserved for difficult clogs that cannot be loosened with a plunger. It is also sometimes called a toilet jack. A plumber's snake is often used by plumbers to clear a clogged drain pipe or sanitary sewer.

Plumbing
Plumbing is any system that conveys fluids for a wide range of applications. Plumbing uses pipes, valves, plumbing fixtures, tanks, and other apparatuses to convey fluids. Heating and cooling (HVAC), waste removal, and potable water delivery are among the most common uses for plumbing, but it is not limited to these applications.  The word derives from the Latin for lead, plumbum, as the first effective pipes used in the Roman era were lead pipes.

In the developed world, plumbing infrastructure is critical to public health and sanitation.

Boilermakers and pipefitters are not plumbers although they work with piping as part of their trade and their work can include some plumbing.
Frogger in Toy Town
Frogger in Toy Town is a discontinued 2019 platform action game developed by Q-Games and published by Konami. It is part of the Frogger series. Players explore scrolling room-themed levels as Frogger, a frog on a mission to rescue abandoned froglets from human buildings.

The game was published by Konami in 2019 to mixed reviews, becoming one of the first games distributed through Apple Arcade. A sequel, Frogger and the Rumbling Ruins, was released on the service in 2022. After numerous major updates, it was discontinued by the platform on March 21, 2024. The service for the game, including playability, was suspended on April 4, 2024.

PixelJunk
PixelJunk is a series of downloadable games developed by Q-Games. The series made its debut on PlayStation 3 with PixelJunk Racers, released July 11, 2007.

The series was a collaboration with Sony Computer Entertainment, who released the games on PlayStation platforms until 2012, with Q-Games themselves publishing on other platforms and for PlayStation in Japan. Spike Chunsoft handled worldwide publishing for PixelJunk Monsters 2 in 2018.