hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Defensive substitution
A defensive substitution in the game of baseball occurs when a currently non-playing player is placed into the field in place of another player, typically due either to injury or the appearance of a pinch hitter.

In the American League, a pinch hitter is usually substituted for the position player in whose place he batted (although another common substitution is pinch-hitting a utility infielder for a second baseman and subsequently switching him for the shortstop in the field while moving the shortstop over to the now-vacant second base position).  In the National League (which, until 2022, did not use the designated hitter rule), pinch hitters sometimes bat for pitchers. However, another common pitcher-substitution strategy in the NL is the double switch, in which a pitching change is coupled with a pinch-hitter who is also defensively substituted for a second player.

Double switch (baseball)
In baseball, the double switch is a type of player substitution, usually performed by a team while playing defense. The double switch is typically used to make a pitching substitution, while simultaneously placing the incoming pitcher in a more favorable spot in the batting order than was occupied by the outgoing pitcher. (On the assumption that the pitcher will be a poor hitter, the incoming pitcher will generally take the spot in the batting order of a position player who has recently batted, to reduce the chance that the pitcher will make a plate appearance in the next few innings.) To perform a double switch (or any other substitution), the ball must be dead.: Rule 3.03

With the National League having utilized the designated hitter since 2022, pitchers no longer take a spot in the batting order, rendering the double switch virtually unneeded.
Ousmane Thomas Diagne
Ousmane Thomas Diagne is a French former professional mixed martial artist who competed from 2009 to 2017. He formerly fought in the lightweight division for Bellator, Strikeforce, and Tachi Palace Fights.

ShoMMA
ShoMMA: Strikeforce Challengers is a mixed martial arts series that was produced by the mixed martial arts organization Strikeforce and the Showtime cable network.  Similar to Showtime's earlier ShoXC, the purpose of the series was to highlight up and coming MMA fighters.

Strikeforce Challengers was discontinued with the 2012 Strikeforce deal.
Allt Graad
The Allt Graad (Scottish Gaelic: Allt Grànnda: Ugly Stream) or River Glass is a river in Easter Ross, Highland, Scotland. It is named on Ordnance Survey maps variously as Allt Graad and River Glass. It has also been known as the "Allt Grande", and the archaic Anglicization, "Aultgraad".

As of 2011, a hydro-electric scheme is under construction on the Allt Graad. This run-of-the-river scheme is on the lower catchment of the river, next to the Black Rock Gorge. It will be operated by RWE Npower, and have a capacity of 3.5MW.

Easter Ross
Easter Ross (Scottish Gaelic: Ros an Ear) is a loosely defined area in the east of Ross, Highland, Scotland.

The name is used in the constituency name "Caithness, Sutherland and Easter Ross", which is the name of both a British House of Commons constituency and a former Scottish Parliament constituency. The two constituencies have different boundaries.
Saar (Rhine)
The Saar is a minor tributary of the Alpine Rhine in the Swiss canton of St. Gallen.
It rises in Mittelsäss,   Bad Ragaz municipality,  at 2,087 m elevation.
Flowing generally north, it passes the Saarfall waterfall, dropping from 560 m  to 500 m, reaching the plain of the Rhine Valley. From here, it is strongly canalised, flowing through the territories of the Vilters-Wangs, Mels and Sargans municipalities before joining the Rhine downstream of Trübbach at 480 m.

Its  named tributaries are Kleine Saar (left), Vadanabach (left) Saschielbach  (right), Silbergiessen (right), Chrummgiessen (right) and 
Kaltgiessen (right).

The Saar was first canalised between 1855–1862. Its confluence with the Rhine was moved 700 metres downstream, to the mouth of the Trübbach. Its lower course was widened in 1899–1908. Its mouth was again moved downstream by 2.5 km after a flood in 1954.

Bad Ragaz
Bad Ragaz is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Sarganserland in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.

It is the home of a famous natural spring and is a popular spa and health resort destination.
First United Methodist Church (Paintsville, Kentucky)
First United Methodist Church is a historic church located at 505 Main St., Paintsville, Kentucky, United States. In 1989, the church was added to the National Register of Historic Places.

The congregation was established in 1865. The congregation constructed a wood-frame building at the corner of Church St. and Main St. This building fulfilled the congregation's needs until 1914, when the current building was constructed at the same location.

The current building was originally constructed at a cost of a mere $16,000.  The most recent addition is a Family Life Center with gym and commercial kitchen and was completed in 2004 at a cost of approximately $1,200,000.00.  The church is growing and offers three primary worship services:  Sunday Morning 8:30 Traditional, Sunday Morning 10:45 Blended, and Sunday Evening "607" contemporary.

Paintsville, Kentucky
Paintsville (locally /ˈpeɪntsvəl/) is a home rule-class city in Johnson County, Kentucky, United States. Located along Paint Creek, it is the county seat of Johnson County. The population was 4,312 at the 2020 census.
Little Munden Primary School
Little Munden Primary School is a Church of England voluntary controlled primary school in the village of Dane End, near Ware in Hertfordshire. It is a one-form entry school educating boys and girls aged between four and 11 years. There are four classes organised by age and they are: Acorn Class (Nursery and Reception), Beech Class (Year 1 and Year 2), Hazel Class (Year 3 and Year 4), and finally Oak Class (Year 5 and Year 6). The school roll varies but is generally between 85 and 100.

Dane End
Dane End is a  hamlet to the north of Ware in Hertfordshire, England situated between the A602 and A10. It is within Little Munden civil parish and East Hertfordshire District Council. It has a population of around 700. Dane End means the 'valley ends' and is located where a tributary of the River Lea comes off the surrounding chalk. Little Munden church and school are sited on the hill on the north side of Dane End.
Minitrack
The Minitrack Network was the first U.S. satellite tracking network to become operational, in 1957. It was used to track the flights of Sputnik, Vanguard, Explorer, and other early space efforts. Minitrack was the progenitor of Spacecraft Tracking and Data Acquisition Network (STADAN) and the Manned Space Flight Network (MSFN).

Manned Space Flight Network
The Manned Space Flight Network (abbreviated MSFN, pronounced "misfin") was a set of tracking stations built to support the American Mercury, Gemini, Apollo, and Skylab space programs.

There were two other NASA space communication networks at the time, the Spacecraft Tracking and Data Acquisition Network (STADAN) for tracking satellites in low Earth orbit, and the Deep Space Network (DSN) for tracking more distant uncrewed missions. After the end of Skylab, the MSFN and STADAN were merged to form the Spaceflight Tracking and Data Network (STDN). STDN was in turn replaced by the satellite-based Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS) during the Space Shuttle program, being used as of 2009.
So Why So Sad
"So Why So Sad" is a song by Welsh rock band Manic Street Preachers, jointly released in February 2001 as the first single from their sixth studio album, Know Your Enemy (2001), alongside "Found That Soul". All three members of the band—James Dean Bradfield, Sean Moore and Nicky Wire—share the writing credits. The song reached number eight on the UK Singles Chart, one place above "Found That Soul".

The Avalanches
The Avalanches are an Australian electronic music group formed in Melbourne in 1997. They have released three studio albums, Since I Left You (2000), Wildflower (2016), and We Will Always Love You (2020), and perform live and recorded DJ sets. The group currently consists of Robbie Chater and Tony Di Blasi.

The band is an exponent of the plunderphonics genre, and their first album, Since I Left You, has been recognised by many critics as the most important example of the genre.
Nordmannsfonna
Nordmannsfonna is a glacier in Sabine Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. The glacier covers an area of about 250 km2, is located between Sassendalen and Storfjorden, and extends from Jebensfjellet to the north to Roslagenfjellet and Eistraryggen to the south. The glacier consists of a number of sub-glaciers or side glaciers, and drains both westwards to Sassendalen and eastwards to Storfjorden.

Sassendalen
Sassendalen is a valley at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. The valley is among the largest valleys of Svalbard, and continues westwards into Sassenfjorden. Part of the valley divides Sabine Land and Nordenskiöld Land . The river Sassenelva runs through the valley.
October 25 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
October 24 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - October 26

All fixed commemorations below celebrated on November 7 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For October 25th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on October 12.

Diocese of Périgueux
The Diocese of Périgueux and Sarlat (Latin: Dioecesis Petrocoricensis et Sarlatensis; French: Diocèse de Périgueux et Sarlat) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in France. Its episcopal see is Périgueux, in the département of Dordogne, in the région of Aquitaine. The Diocese of Périgueux is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Bordeaux. The current bishop is Philippe Mousset, who was appointed in 2014.
Skilly Hills
The Skilly Hills are a range of hills which make up part of the Mount Lofty Ranges in South Australia's Mid North region.

They comprise several long parallel ridges of low hills which run generally north south, parallel to the Horrocks Highway, forming part of the western geographical boundary of the Clare Valley. For government administration, they are in the Hundred of Upper Wakefield, County of Stanley.

The most prominent peaks are Tower Hill and Mount Oakden, the latter being named after local pioneer John Oakden.

Mid North
The Mid North is a region of South Australia, north of the Adelaide Plains and south of the Far North and the outback. It is generally accepted to extend from Spencer Gulf east to the Barrier Highway, including the coastal plain, the southern part of the Flinders Ranges, and the northern part of the Mount Lofty Ranges. The Temperate Grassland of South Australia cover most of the area.
Blaxhall
Blaxhall is a village and civil parish in the East Suffolk district of the English county of Suffolk. Located around 8 miles (13 km) south-west of Leiston and Aldeburgh, in 2007 its population was estimated to be 220, measured at 194 in the 2011 Census.

The parish council owns Blaxhall Common, a Site of Special Scientific Interest located on the Suffolk Coast and Heaths Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty to the south-east of the village. The area is one of the few remaining areas of lowland dry heathland in the Suffolk Sandlings and is managed by Suffolk Wildlife Trust as a nature reserve.

The Blaxhall Stone is a large stone located at Stone Farm which, according to local legend, has been constantly increasing in size since it was dug up in the 19th century.

Blaxhall is the subject of the book Ask the Fellows who Cut the Hay by the historian George Ewart Evans. It describes rural life in the village.

Leiston
Leiston (/ˈleɪstən/ LAY-stən) is a town and civil parish in the East Suffolk district of Suffolk, England. It is close to Saxmundham and Aldeburgh, 21 miles (34 km) north-east of Ipswich and 90 miles (145 km) north-east of London. The town had a population of 5,508 at the 2011 Census.
Byzantine Sardinia
The Byzantine age in Sardinian history conventionally begins with the island's reconquest by Justinian I in 534. This ended the Vandal dominion of the island after about 80 years. There was still a substantial continuity with the Roman phase at this time.

Archon
Archon (Greek: ἄρχων, romanized: árchōn, plural: ἄρχοντες, árchontes) is a Greek word that means "ruler", frequently used as the title of a specific public office. It is the masculine present participle of the verb stem αρχ-, meaning "to be first, to rule" (see also ἀρχή "beginning, origin"), derived from the same root as words such as monarch and hierarchy.
Law school
A law school (also known as a law centre/center, college of law, or faculty of law) is an institution, professional school, or department of a college or university specializing in legal education, usually involved as part of a process for becoming a judge, lawyer, or other legal professional within a given jurisdiction. Depending on the country, legal system, or desired qualifications, the coursework is undertaken at undergraduate, graduate, or both levels.

McGill Faculty of Law
The McGill Faculty of Law is one of the professional graduate schools of McGill University in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is the oldest law school in Canada. 180 candidates are admitted for any given academic year. For the year 2021 class, the acceptance rate was 10%.

Notable alumni include prime ministers John Abbott and Sir Wilfrid Laurier, thirteen Justices of the Supreme Court (Including the most recent appointments, Mahmud Jamal and Nicholas Kasirer), as well as Members of Parliament. Marc Miller, a current member of the Canadian House of Commons and a current minister of the Cabinet of Canada, is a graduate from the faculty.
Francis Asbury
Francis Asbury (August 20 or 21, 1745 – March 31, 1816) was a British-American Methodist minister who became one of the first two bishops of the Methodist Episcopal Church in the United States. During his 45 years in the colonies and the newly independent United States, he devoted his life to ministry, traveling on horseback and by carriage thousands of miles to those living on the frontier.

Asbury spread Methodism in British colonial America and the United States as part of the Second Great Awakening. He also founded several schools during his lifetime, although his own formal education was limited. His journal is valuable to scholars for its account of frontier society, with references to many towns and villages in Colonial America.  Along with John and Charles Wesley, Asbury is often celebrated as one of the founders of the Methodist Church in the USA.

William Legge, 2nd Earl of Dartmouth
William Legge, 2nd Earl of Dartmouth (20 June 1731 – 15 July 1801), styled as Viscount Lewisham from 1732 to 1750, was a British statesman who served as Secretary of State for the Colonies from 1772 to 1775, during the initial stages of the American Revolution. He is also the namesake of Dartmouth College.
Stalingrad Front
The Stalingrad Front was a front, a military unit encompassing several armies, of the Soviet Union's Red Army during the Second World War. The name indicated the primary geographical region in which the Front first fought, based on the city of Stalingrad on the Volga River.

Mikhail Shumilov
Mikhail Stepanovich Shumilov (Russian: Михаил Степанович Шумилов; November 17, 1895 – June 28, 1975) was a Soviet Colonel general and commander of the 64th Army during the Battle of Stalingrad. There he defended the southern outskirts of the city and the bridgehead of Beketovka on the Volga for more than six months.
Burton (car)
The Burton is a Dutch kit car produced since 2000 by the Burton Car Company. It is a custom two-seater retro-style fiberglass body on a Citroën 2CV chassis and components, and can be built as an open roadster, a hardtop with gull-wing doors, or a custom convertible. Burton also imports and sells the Lomax in the Netherlands.

Retro-style automobile
A retro-style automobile is a vehicle that is styled to appear like cars from previous decades. Often these cars use modern technology and production techniques. This design trend has existed since at least the 1960s with the rise of neoclassic cars, but gained popularity in the early 1990s with major manufacturers, leading to many automakers introducing models that referenced previous cars of the 1950s and 1960s.
Boxing at the 1992 Summer Olympics – Light heavyweight
The men's light heavyweight event was part of the boxing programme at the 1992 Summer Olympics. The weight class allowed boxers of up to 81 kilograms to compete. The competition was held from 29 July to 9 August 1992. 26 boxers from 26 nations competed.

Boxing at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Boxing at the 1992 Summer Olympics took place in the old Pavelló Club Joventut Badalona in Barcelona. The boxing schedule began on 26 July and ended on 9 August. Twelve boxing events (all men's individual) were contested, with the participation of 336 athletes from 78 countries.
Hardwicke Bay, South Australia
Hardwicke Bay is a locality in the Australian state of  South Australia located on the west coast of Yorke Peninsula overlooking the bay also named Hardwicke Bay about 104 kilometres (65 miles) west of the Adelaide city centre and about 9 kilometres (5.6 miles) north of the town of Warooka.

The boundaries of the locality were created on 27 May 1999 for the “long established name” and including the two shack sites known respectively as the “original shack site” and the “Moorowie Shack Site.”

Hardwicke Bay is located within the federal Division of Grey, the state electoral district of Narungga and the local government area of the Yorke Peninsula Council.

The majority land use within the locality is “primary production.”

Yorke Peninsula
The Yorke Peninsula, known as Guuranda by the original inhabitants, the Narungga people, is a peninsula located northwest and west of Adelaide in South Australia, between Spencer Gulf on the west and Gulf St Vincent on the east. The peninsula is separated from Kangaroo Island to the south by Investigator Strait.

The most populous town in the region is Kadina; Maitland is the most central town; and the south-western tip is occupied by Dhilba Guuranda-Innes National Park.
Nieuport 17bis
The Nieuport 17bis C.1 (or Nieuport XVIIbis C.1 in contemporary sources) was a World War I French single-seat sesquiplane fighter that was produced under licence in the United Kingdom in small numbers for the Royal Naval Air Service.

Lewis gun
The Lewis gun (or Lewis automatic machine gun or Lewis automatic rifle) is a First World War–era light machine gun. Designed privately in the United States though not adopted there, the design was finalised and mass-produced in the United Kingdom, and widely used by troops of the British Empire during the war. It had a distinctive barrel cooling shroud (containing a finned breech-to-muzzle aluminium heat sink to cool the gun barrel), and top-mounted pan magazine. The Lewis served until the end of the Korean War, and was widely used as an aircraft machine gun during both World Wars, almost always with the cooling shroud removed, as air flow during flight offered sufficient cooling.
Grävenwiesbach station
Grävenwiesbach station is the station of Grävenwiesbach on the edge of the Hochtaunuskreis in the German state of Hesse. It is located on the southern outskirts of the town centre. Previously, the station was a junction station that served trains running on the Weil Valley Railway to Weilburg via Weilmünster, on the Taunus Railway to Bad Homburg and on the Solms Valley Railway to Wetzlar.

Weilburg station
Weilburg is a station in the town of Weilburg in the German state of Hesse on the Lahn Valley Railway (Lahntalbahn). The Weil Valley Railway (Weiltalbahn) branched off towards Weilmünster immediately after the station from 1890 to 1988.
Fatpaint
Fatpaint is a free, online (web-based) graphic design and desktop publishing software product and image editor. It includes integrated tools for creating page layout, painting, coloring and editing pictures and photos, drawing vector images, using dingbat vector clipart, writing rich text, creating ray traced 3D text logos and displaying graphics on products from Zazzle that can be purchased or sold. Fatpaint integrates desktop publishing features with brush painting, vector drawing and custom printed products in a single Flash application. It supports the use of a pressure-sensitive pen tablet and allows the user to add images by searching Wikimedia, Picasa, Flickr, Google, Yahoo, Bing, and Fatpaint's own collection of public domain images. The completed project can be saved on Fatpaint's server or locally. Fatpaint is affiliated with Zazzle, and owned by Mersica (also the developer of MakeWebVideo).

Zazzle
Zazzle is an American online marketplace that allows designers and customers to create their own products with independent manufacturers (clothing, posters, etc.), as well as use images from participating companies. Zazzle has partnered with many brands to amass a collection of digital images from companies like Disney, Warner Brothers and NCAA sports teams.
Skjold oil field
The Skjold oil field (Danish: Skjoldfeltet) is a crude oil and associated gas production field in the Danish sector of the central North Sea, close to the Danish-German median line. Production of oil started in 1982, peak oil was achieved in 1991 and production is expected to continue until 2038.

Noreco
BlueNord ASA, formerly known as Norwegian Energy Company ASA or Noreco is an independent international petroleum company based in Norway. The company was established in January 2005 by Norway's local industry leaders. In December 2005, was awarded 3 production licences. In 2007, the company acquired Altinex ASA and in 2008, Talisman Oil Denmark. The main objective of the company is to explore, develop and produce oil and gas in the North Sea. The company operates in Norway, Denmark and United Kingdom.

In May 2023, the company changed its name from Norwegian Energy Company ASA to BlueNord ASA.
The Chaos Agent
The Chaos Agent is an action thriller novel by Mark Greaney, published on February 20, 2024 by Berkley Books. It is the thirteenth book in the Gray Man series, featuring assassin and former CIA operative Court Gentry. The novel follows Gentry and his partner Zoya Zakharova as they face off against a powerful AI. It debuted at number five on the New York Times bestseller list.

Intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition, and reconnaissance
ISTAR stands for intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition, and reconnaissance. In its macroscopic sense, ISTAR is a practice that links several battlefield functions together to assist a combat force in employing its sensors and managing the information they gather.

Information is collected on the battlefield through systematic observation by deployed soldiers and a variety of electronic sensors. Surveillance, target acquisition and reconnaissance are methods of obtaining this information.  The information is then passed to intelligence personnel for analysis, and then to the commander and their staff for the formulation of battle plans. Intelligence is processed information that is relevant and contributes to an understanding of the ground, and of enemy dispositions and intents. Intelligence failures can happen.
A'sha Hamdan
Abd al-Rahman ibn Abd Allah ibn al-Harith al-Hamdani (Arabic: عبد الرحمن بن عبد الله بن الحارث الهمداني), commonly known as A'sha Hamdan (أعشى همدان) (lit. 'the Night-Blind of the Hamdan') or al-A'sha (d. 701 or 702), was a late 7th-century Kufan poet.

Encyclopaedia of Islam
The Encyclopaedia of Islam (also French: Encyclopédie de l'Islam and German: Enzyklopädie des Islām; EI is a common abbreviation in all three languages) is a reference work that facilitates the academic study of Islam. It is published by Brill and provides information on various aspects of Islam and the Islamic world. It is considered to be the standard reference work in the field of Islamic studies. The first edition was published in 1913–1938, the second in 1954–2005, and the third was begun in 2007.