hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Outline of Tennessee
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Tennessee:

Tennessee – U.S. state located in the Southeastern United States.  Tennessee is the 36th most extensive and the 16th most populous of the 50 United States. Tennessee was admitted to the Union as the 16th state on June 1, 1796. Tennessee was the last state to leave the Union and join the Confederacy at the outbreak of the U.S. Civil War in 1861, and the first state to be readmitted to the Union at the end of the war. In the 20th century, Tennessee transitioned from an agrarian economy to a more diversified economy, aided at times by federal entities such as the Tennessee Valley Authority.  Tennessee has played a critical role in the development of many forms of American popular music, including rock and roll, blues, country, and rockabilly.

Demographics of Tennessee
Tennessee is the fifteenth most populous state in the United States with a population of 7,051,339 as of 2022, and has the twentieth-highest population density. The 2020 United States census reported its population to be 6,916,897.
Current density
In electromagnetism, current density is the amount of charge per unit time that flows through a unit area of a chosen cross section. The current density vector is defined as a vector whose magnitude is the electric current per cross-sectional area at a given point in space, its direction being that of the motion of the positive charges at this point. In SI base units, the electric current density is measured in amperes per meter square.

Surface integral
In mathematics, particularly multivariable calculus, a surface integral  is a generalization of multiple integrals to integration over surfaces. It can be thought of as the double integral analogue of the line integral.  Given a surface, one may integrate over this surface a scalar field (that is, a function of position which returns a scalar as a value), or a vector field (that is, a function which returns a vector as value). If a region R is not flat, then it is called a surface as shown in the illustration.

Surface integrals have applications in physics, particularly in the classical theories of electromagnetism and fluid mechanics.
Gordon Dam
The Gordon Dam, also known as the Gordon River Dam, is a major gated double curvature concrete arch dam with a controlled spillway across the Gordon River, located in Southwest National Park, Tasmania, Australia. The impounded reservoir is called Lake Gordon.

The dam was constructed in 1974 by the Hydro Electric Corporation for the purpose of generating hydroelectricity via the conventional Gordon Power Station located below the dam wall.

Arch dam
An arch dam is a concrete dam that is curved upstream in plan. The arch dam is designed so that the force of the water against it, known as hydrostatic pressure, presses against the arch, causing the arch to straighten slightly and strengthening the structure as it pushes into its foundation or abutments. An arch dam is most suitable for narrow canyons or gorges with steep walls of stable rock to support the structure and stresses. Since they are thinner than any other dam type, they require much less construction material, making them economical and practical in remote areas.
2016 President's Cup (tennis)
The 2016 President's Cup (tennis) was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 11th edition for men and 8th edition for women. It was part of the 2016 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2016 ITF Women's Circuit, offering totals of $75,000 for men, and $25,000 for women in prize money. It took place in Astana, Kazakhstan, from the 25th through the 31st of July 2016.

2016 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour, in 2016, was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2016 ATP Challenger Tour calendar contained 166 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $40,000 up to $125,000. It was the 39th edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 8th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Jonathan Di Bella
Jonathan Giovanni Di Bella (born August 18, 1996) is an Italian-Canadian kickboxer, currently signed with ONE Championship where he is the current and two-time Strawweight Kickboxing World Champion. He was ranked as a top ten bantamweight kickboxer in the world by Beyond Kickboxing between November 2022 and May 2023.

2018 in Glory
The year 2018 was the seventh year in the history of Glory, an international kickboxing promotion. The year started with Glory 50: Chicago. The events were broadcast through television agreements with ESPN, Fight Network, and other regional channels around the world.
Death Star (ILM)
The Death Star is the name of the render farm owned by Industrial Light & Magic (ILM). It is a cluster computer originally built by SGI. Since then, it has been converted into a Linux system built by RackSaver (now Verari Systems) with AMD processors. It is one of the largest render farms. The system originally had 1,500 processors in 750 nodes, this figure was doubled for Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith. ILM tends to be quiet about their supercomputer, so its current configuration is not known.

Render farm
A render farm is a high-performance computer system, e.g. a computer cluster, built to render computer-generated imagery (CGI), typically for film and television visual effects.

A render farm is different from a render wall, which is a networked, tiled display used for real-time rendering. The rendering of images is a highly parallelizable activity, as frames and sometimes tiles can be calculated independently of the others, with the main communication between processors being the upload of the initial source material, such as models and textures, and the download of the finished images.
Alice in Wonderland (1962 film)
Alice in Wonderland is a 1962 Australian television film based on Lewis Carroll's 1865 novel Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. It was a pantomime and aired as part of the BP Super Show.

It aired 15 December 1962 and ran for one hour. It was one of a number of original Australian musicals on TV at the time.

Tweedledum and Tweedledee
Tweedledum and Tweedledee are characters in an English nursery rhyme and in Lewis Carroll's 1871 book Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There. Their names may have originally come from an epigram written by poet John Byrom. The nursery rhyme has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 19800. The names have since become synonymous in western popular culture slang for any two people whose appearances and actions are identical.
Norwegian County Road 901
County Road 901 (Norwegian: Fylkesvei 901) is a 9.4-kilometer (5.8 mi) road in Bø Municipality in Nordland county, Norway.

The road branches off from County Road 820 at the village of Straume and runs east until it reaches Veanova. There County Road 911 branches off to the north towards the village of Skålbrekka and County Road 820 turns south. After passing Pollåsen, where County Road 909 branches off towards the village of Auvåg, the road runs close to the shore above various bays of the Eidsfjorden before terminating in the village of Straumsnes, where it rejoins County Road 820.

Auvåg
Auvåg is a village in Bø Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The village is located in the southeast part of the municipality along the western mouth of Jørnfjorden on the island of Langøya. It has road connections to the rest of the municipality via County Road 909, which terminates in Auvåg.
Amba Geshen
Amba Geshen is the name of a mountain in northern Ethiopia. It is in Ambassel, South Wollo Zone of the Amhara Region, northwest of Dessie, at a latitude and a longitude of 11°31′N 39°21′E﻿ / ﻿11.517°N 39.350°E﻿ / 11.517; 39.350. Part of Ambassel woreda, Amba Geshen is one of the mountains of Ethiopia where most of the male heirs to the Emperor of Ethiopia were interned, usually for life. Also known as Gishen Mariam, it was the second of the three such mountains, or amba, said to have been used for this purpose, the other two being Debre Damo and Wehni.

South Wollo Zone
South Wollo (Amharic: ደቡብ ወሎ) is a zone in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. It acquired its name from the former province of Wollo. South Wollo is bordered on the south by North Shewa and the Oromia Special Zone (Amhara), on the west by East Gojjam, on the northwest by South Gondar, on the north by North Wollo, on the northeast by Afar Region, and on the east by the Oromia Special Zone and the Argobba special woreda. Its highest point is Mount Tabor in Amhara Sayint, 4247 meter above sea level. Cities in South Wollo include Kombolcha, Hayq, Dessie, Wuchale, Wogel Tena and Wurgessa.

On 24 August 2009 Zonal authorities announced that approximately 540 safe water units were constructed during the past Ethiopian budget year at a cost of over 23 million birr, while another 878 units were repaired. This has improved the access to safe water from 51% to 61% of the Zone's inhabitants.
Parafield Gardens railway station
Parafield Gardens railway station is located on the Gawler line. Situated adjacent to Parafield Airport, in the northern Adelaide suburb of Parafield Gardens, it is 16.6 kilometres (10.3 mi) from Adelaide station. This station is also frequented by Trainspotters.

Adelaide railway station
Adelaide railway station is the central terminus of the Adelaide Metro railway system. All lines approach the station from the west, and it is a terminal station with no through lines, with most of the traffic on the metropolitan network either departing or terminating here. It has nine below-ground platforms, all using broad gauge track. The station is located on the north side of North Terrace, west of Parliament House.

The Adelaide Casino occupies the majority of the station building, which no longer houses railway administrators. Adelaide station was also the terminus for regional and interstate passenger trains until their relocation to Keswick Terminal, now Adelaide Parklands Terminal, in 1984.
Operation Hisul
Operation Hisul (Hebrew: חיסול מבצע, Mivtza Hisul, lit. Operation Liquidation) was a failed Israeli attempt to dissolve the Egyptian pocket of al-Faluja on the night of 28 December during Operation Horev. The operation was the second-worst loss suffered by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) in a single engagement behind the Kfar Etzion massacre in May up until that point.

Operation Horev
Operation Horev was a large-scale offensive against the Egyptian army in the Western Negev towards the end of the Arab–Israeli War in 1948 and 1949. Its objective was to entrap the Egyptian Army in the Gaza Strip. The operation took place from 22 December 1948 to 7 January 1949 and concluded after Britain threatened to intervene unless Israeli troops immediately withdrew from Egyptian territory.

Horev refers to Mount Sinai in the Scriptures, where the Israelites encamped for a year (see Exodus 3:1 and Psalms 106:19). It is contemporarily known as Jebel Musa ("Mount of Moses" in Arabic).
Ben Nakubuwai
Petero Benjamin "Ben" Nakubuwai (born 15 March 1996) is a Fiji international rugby league footballer who plays as a prop for the Norths Devils in the Queensland Cup.

Nakubuwai previously played for the Gold Coast Titans in the National Rugby League and the Salford Red Devils in the Super League, and was a member of Fiji's squad for the 2017 World Cup.

Leigh Leopards
The Leigh Leopards are a professional rugby league club based in Leigh, Greater Manchester, England. Leigh play homes games at Leigh Sports Village and compete in Super League, the top tier of British rugby league.

Leigh Leopards have won the League Championship twice and Challenge Cup three times.

The clubs traditional home colours are red and white. They have a local rivalry with Wigan Warriors.
Guest of a Guest
Guest of a Guest is a website founded by Cameron Winklevoss and Rachelle Hruska that covers high society events, people, and places. Since its inception, Guest of a Guest has grown to include a picture database of thousands of people and events all over the world, with concentrations in New York City, the Hamptons, Los Angeles, Washington, D.C. and Miami. Business Insider has described the site as "the new Page Six."

The site has about 12 full-time employees and dozens of editors and photographers who cover local and international cultural events in places such as Miami, Chicago, London, Paris, and Berlin. Hruska serves as the chief executive officer.

Page Six
Page Six is a celebrity gossip column and a brand of the American newspaper New York Post. It was created by the Post in November 1976, shortly after the newspaper was acquired by Rupert Murdoch. Murdoch tasked columnist James Brady with the column's creation, who along with other Post's editors named and designed it.

Reportedly, Page Six is New York Post's most successful sub-publication, comparable in popularity to the newspaper itself. Page Six is featured on New York Post's print newspapers and has its own website and Twitter account. Page Six has its own separate video studio and once had a TV show.
Traditional candies in Hong Kong
Putting traditional candies into a Chinese candy box is a custom of Hong Kong people at Chinese New Year. In fact, there is a hidden meaning in this practice. It is said that people believe sweet candies symbolize an appealing and delightful start to the new year.

Apart from tradition, traditional candies received a top rating in Hong Kong because of the historical background. Light industries were the most common business in the city from the 1950s to the 1980s. Therefore, an array of traditional candies, like different flavours and packaging, were produced to attract the children.

However, the social atmosphere today has put more emphasis on health protection, and candies are dubbed as food with high energy value solely, which is considered unhealthy. In addition to that, due to the increase of import of foreign sweets, the significance of Hong Kong traditional ones has come down. Though, it may be less popular now, it remains a special part of Hong Kong culture.

Culture of Hong Kong
The culture of Hong Kong is a combination of Chinese and Western influences, rooted in Lingnan Cantonese heritage and shaped by its time as a British colony (1841 to 1997). In addition to absorbing global influences, the city's culture is enriched by its indigenous communities and ethnic minorities from South and Southeast Asia. As "Asia's World City," Hong Kong has developed a distinct identity that persists under the "one country, two systems" framework, which began after the 1997 transfer of sovereignty to China.
2011 Qatar Ladies Open
The 2011 Qatar Ladies Open was a professional women's tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the ninth edition of the tournament and the first since 2008 which was part of the 2011 WTA Tour. It took place in Doha, Qatar between 21 and 26 February 2011.

2008 Qatar Ladies Open
The 2008 Qatar Ladies Open, known as the 2008 Qatar Total Open, for sponsorship reasons, was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 8th edition of the Qatar Total Open, and was part of the Tier I Series of the 2008 WTA Tour. It took place at the Khalifa International Tennis and Squash Complex in Doha, Qatar, from February 18 through February 24, 2008.

The field was led by WTA No. 2 and Australian Open finalist Ana Ivanovic, US Open and Sydney runner-up and defending finalist Svetlana Kuznetsova, and Australian Open semifinalist Jelena Janković. Other top seeds were Australian Open champion and 2005 Doha titlist Maria Sharapova, Paris winner Anna Chakvetadze, Venus Williams, Daniela Hantuchová and Marion Bartoli.

The granting of a visa to Shahar Pe'er to play in the tournament was considered a diplomatic success.
Governor of Sudurpashchim Province
The Governor of Sudurpashchim Province is the nominal head of state of the Sudurpashchim Province of Nepal and a representative of the President of Nepal. The governor is appointed by the President for a term of five years. The governor's powers are mostly ceremonial and the executive powers of the governor are exercised by the chief minister of Sudurpashchim Province, who is the head of the executive of the state government of Sudurpashchim Province.

The incumbent, Najir Miya, is serving as the governor of Koshi Province since 15 March 2024.

Chief Minister of Sudurpashchim Province
The chief minister of the Sudurpashchim Province is the head of government of Sudurpashchim Province. The chief minister is appointed by the governor of the province according to Article 167 of the Constitution of Nepal. The chief minister remains in office for five years or until the provincial assembly is dissolved, and is subject to no term limits, given that they have the confidence of the assembly.

The current chief minister is Nepali Congress, Kamal Bahadur Shah, in office since 5 August 2024.
Circle Bakot
Circle Bakot (Urdu: سرکل بکوٹ) is a cluster of Union Councils in the eastern part of Abbottabad District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. According to the 2017 census the population of Bakot Qanungo Halqa (Circle Bakote) was  195,128 with the number of households being 34,589.

Miranjani
Miranjani is the highest peak in Galyat Region and is located at the elevation of 2,992 metres (9,816 ft), in the Abbottabad District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. It is lies within Namli Mera Union Council, in Ayubia National Park, 80 kilometres (50 mi) north of Islamabad in the western Himalayan range. It was in Miranjani in 2016 that former Prime Minister of Pakistan Imran Khan announced his intention to launch a protest march against his predecessor Nawaz Sharif.
Poshteh-ye Vamarz
Poshteh-ye Vamarz (Persian: پشته وامرز, also Romanized as Poshteh-ye Vāmarz) is a village in Kol Kol Rural District, in the Asemanabad District of Chardavol County, Ilam Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 137, in 26 families. The village is populated by Kurds.

Asemanabad District
Asemanabad District (Persian: بخش آسمان آباد) is in Chardavol County, Ilam province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Asemanabad, whose population at the time of the 2016 National Census was 6,280 people in 1,660 households.
Rhoda Holmes Nicholls
Rhoda Holmes Nicholls (March 28, 1854 – September 7, 1930) was an English-American watercolor and oil painter, born in Coventry, England. She studied art in England and Italy, and her work was viewed and praised at the time by the queens of both countries. A body of work was created in South Africa by Nicholls of Port Elizabeth area's scenery, wildlife and architecture. She lived there on her brothers' 25,000-acre ostrich farm for one year.

Her watercolor paintings and illustrations were published in journals, and her oil paintings won awards in the United States and Europe. Nicholls was a successful artist, writer and art instructor. She was actively involved in many art organizations as a member and leader.

Shinnecock Hills Summer School of Art
The Shinnecock Hills Summer School of Art was summer school of art in Shinnecock Hills, Long Island that existed from 1891 to 1902. The director was William Merritt Chase. The school was one of the first and most popular plein air painting schools in America. During the time Chase was teaching at Shinnecock Hills he painted some of his most notable Impressionist landscapes.
Vladimir Semyonov (general)
Vladimir Magomedovich Semyonov (Russian: Владимир Магомедович Семёнов; Karachay-Balkar: Семенланы Маxaметни джашы Владимир, romanized: Semenlanı Maxametni caşı Vladimir; born 8 June 1940) is a retired Russian Ground Forces general of the army who was the head of the Karachay–Cherkess Republic from 1999 to 2003.

Karachays
The Karachays or Karachais  (Karachay-Balkar: къарачайлыла, romanized: qaraçaylıla or таулула, tawlula, 'mountaineers') are a North Caucasian-Turkic ethnic group primarily located in their ancestral lands in Karachay–Cherkess Republic, a republic of Russia in the North Caucasus. They and the Balkars share a common origin, culture, and language.
Winkle Island (Hastings)
Winkle Island is a traffic island at the heart of Hastings Old Town in East Sussex, England, in the United Kingdom. It is part of a unique area in Hastings called 'The Stade' (the old Saxon term for 'landing place') and the stretch of shingle beach from which Hastings' famous fishing fleet has been launched every day for over a thousand years.

Winkle Island is located at the foot of All Saints Street at its junction with Rock-A-Nore Road at Hastings seafront. The small island is part of many outdoor events and festivals, such as the Hastings Old Town Week, and Jack In The Green. It is also the symbolic gathering place of the Winkle Club charity, as well as other local artistic events and street performances. A sculpture of a giant winkle, a marine gastropod, stands on the pavement. It was made by a member and given to the club by J. B. Jones. It is used as a collecting box for charity purposes.

The Stade
The Stade is a shingle beach in Hastings Old Town, Hastings, East Sussex, England. It has been used for beaching boats for more than a thousand years. It is now home to Europe's largest fleet of beach-launched fishing boats.

The word stade is a Saxon term meaning landing place.

The beach was originally a small landing area; hence the small footprint of the net shops. The building of the 1887 groyne at Rock-A-Nore and the 1896 harbour, however, stopped the eastward longshore transport of shingle along the coast, which is the function of groynes. As a result, the Stade steadily grew seaward, providing new room for the fishing fleet and necessary amenities.
Software independence
The term "software independence" (SI) was coined by Dr. Ron Rivest and NIST researcher John Wack. A software independent voting machine is one whose tabulation record does not rely solely on software. The goal of an SI system is to definitively determine whether all votes were recorded legitimately or in error.

The technical definition of SI is:

A voting system is software-independent if an undetected change or error in its software cannot cause an undetectable change or error in an election outcome.

SI has been redefined as a global property for a tabulation of votes rather than of each individual vote, aiming to detect rather than prevent error and fraud through human processes.

Voting machine
A voting machine is a machine used to record votes in an election without paper. The first voting machines were mechanical but it is increasingly more common to use electronic voting machines.  Traditionally, a voting machine has been defined by its mechanism, and whether the system tallies votes at each voting location, or centrally. Voting machines should not be confused with tabulating machines, which count votes done by paper ballot.

Voting machines differ in usability, security, cost, speed, accuracy, and ability of the public to oversee elections. Machines may be more or less accessible to voters with different disabilities.

Tallies are simplest in parliamentary systems where just one choice is on the ballot, and these are often tallied manually. In other political systems where many choices are on the same ballot, tallies are often done by machines to give faster results.