hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
UMG Recordings, Inc. v. Shelter Capital Partners LLC
UMG Recordings, Inc. v. Shelter Capital Partners LLC,  667 F.3d 1022 No. 09-55902, was a United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit case in which UMG sued video-sharing website Veoh, alleging that Veoh committed  copyright infringement by hosting user-uploaded videos copyrighted by UMG.  The Ninth Circuit upheld the decision of the United States District Court for the Central District of California that Veoh is protected under the Digital Millennium Copyright Act's safe harbor provisions.  It was established that service providers are "entitled to broad protection against copyright infringement liability so long as they diligently remove infringing material upon notice of infringement" .

A&M Records, Inc. v. Napster, Inc.
A&M Records, Inc. v. Napster, Inc., 239 F.3d 1004 (9th. Cir., 2001) was a landmark intellectual property case in which the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit affirmed a district court ruling that the defendant, peer-to-peer file sharing service Napster, could be held liable for contributory infringement and vicarious infringement of copyright. This was the first major case to address the application of copyright laws to peer-to-peer file sharing.

While A&M Records served as the lead plaintiff, Napster was sued by 18 different record companies, all of which were members of the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Additionally, songwriters Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller were included on the Circuit Court appeal, representing the interests of "all others similarly situated."
CoRoT-2
CoRoT-2 is a yellow dwarf main sequence star a little cooler than the Sun. This star is located approximately 700 light-years away in the constellation of Aquila.  The apparent magnitude of this star is 12, which means it is not visible to the naked eye but can be seen with a medium-sized amateur telescope on a clear dark night.

It has a true physical companion, 2MASS J19270636+0122577, with a spectral type of K9, as earlier hypothesized by Alonso et al. (2008), making CoRoT-2 a wide binary system with at least one planet.

G-type main-sequence star
A G-type main-sequence star is a main-sequence star of spectral type G. The spectral luminosity class is V.  Such a star has about 0.9 to 1.1 solar masses and an effective temperature between about 5,300 and 6,000 K (5,000 and 5,700 °C; 9,100 and 10,000 °F).  Like other main-sequence stars, a G-type main-sequence star converts the element hydrogen to helium in its core by means of nuclear fusion.

The Sun is an example of a G-type main-sequence star (more specifically a G2V star). Each second, the Sun fuses approximately 600 million tons of hydrogen into helium in a process known as the proton–proton chain (4 hydrogens form 1 helium), converting about 4 million tons of matter to energy. Besides the Sun, other well-known examples of G-type main-sequence stars include Alpha Centauri, Tau Ceti, and 51 Pegasi.
Las Cruces, Guatemala
Las Cruces (Spanish pronunciation: [las kɾuˈses]) is a municipality in the northern Guatemalan department of El Petén. The municipality was founded in 2011 when it split off from the territory of La Libertad.

La Libertad, Petén
La Libertad (Spanish pronunciation: [la liβeɾˈtað]) is a municipality in the El Petén department of Guatemala. It contains 79,416 people and has abundant oil reserves that have been commercialized by international oil companies since the 1980s.
Benson & Hedges Classic
The Benson & Hedges Classic is a defunct tennis tournament that was played on the Grand Prix tennis circuit from 1973 to 1974. The event was held in Christchurch, New Zealand at the Cowles Stadium. This had a wood floor overlain with carpet for tennis events. The tournament venue was shifted from Wilding Park to Cowles Stadium during the 1973 tournament due to rain.

Grand Prix tennis circuit
The ITF Grand Prix Circuit  was a professional tennis tour for male players founded in 1970 as the ILTF Grand Prix Tennis Circuit  it was administered by the International Tennis Federation (ITF) and ran annually until 1989 when it and the rival WCT Circuit were replaced by a single world wide ATP Tour.

The women's tour the ILTF Women's International Grand Prix Circuit ran from 1971 to 1976. It's events were absorbed to form the Colgate International Series.
Pike's Peak Country
Pike's Peak Country was the name given to the gold mining region of the western United States near Pikes Peak during the Pike's Peak Gold Rush of 1858–1861.  The Pike's Peak Country included the region of western Kansas Territory roughly west of the 104th meridian west and the region of southwestern Nebraska Territory roughly west of the 104th meridian west and south of the 41st parallel north.  The Pike's Peak Country became the heart of the extralegal Jefferson Territory on October 24, 1859, and the Colorado Territory on February 28, 1861.

104th meridian west
The meridian 104° west of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, North America, the Pacific Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.

The 104th meridian west forms a great circle with the 76th meridian east.

In the United States, the western boundaries of North Dakota, South Dakota, and Nebraska and the eastern boundaries of Montana and Wyoming lie on the meridian 27° west of Washington, which is a couple of miles west of the meridian 104° west of Greenwich.  In Colorado, the meridian 104° west of Greenwich roughly defines the eastern extent of the region of high plains protected by the Southern Rocky Mountains.
1997–98 Australia Tri-Nation Series
The 1997–98 Australia Tri-Nation Series (more commonly known as the 1997–98 Carlton and United Series) was a One Day International (ODI) cricket tri-series where Australia played host to New Zealand and South Africa. Australia and South Africa reached the Finals, which Australia won 2–1.

Australian Tri-Series
The Australian Tri-Series was an annual one day international (ODI) cricket tournament held in Australia, and contested by Australia and two touring teams.

The series was the primary format for international one-day cricket throughout most of the early history of ODI cricket in Australia, staged during the height of the Australian cricket season, in the summer months of December, January and February. The tri-series was first held in 1979–80 and was contested every season until 2007–08. It has since been held only twice since 2007–08, and ODI cricket has since been played as bilateral ODI series against a single touring opponent.
Anthericum ramosum
Anthericum ramosum, known as branched St Bernard's-lily, is a herbaceous perennial plant with a rhizome. The genus Anthericum is currently placed in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Agavoideae. It was formerly placed in its own family, Anthericaceae, and before that in the Liliaceae.

Agavoideae
Agavoideae is a subfamily of monocot flowering plants in the family Asparagaceae, order Asparagales. It has previously been treated as a separate family, Agavaceae, and by 2020, several sources had restored the taxonomic status of Agavaceae as an independent family.

The group includes many well-known desert and dry-zone types, such as the agaves and yuccas (including the Joshua tree). About 640 species are placed in around 23 genera; they are widespread in the tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate regions of the world.
2011 Solheim Cup
The 2011 Solheim Cup was the 12th Solheim Cup matches, held 23–25 September in Ireland at Killeen Castle in County Meath, northwest of Dublin. The biennial matches are a three-day contest for professional female golfers, between teams of 12 top players from the United States and Europe. Entering the 2011 matches, the U.S. had won the three recent competitions, with Europe's last victory coming eight years earlier in 2003 in Sweden.

After the first two days of team play, the competition was tied at 8-all. Europe went 7–5 in singles on Sunday and regained the Cup, 15–13. It was Europe's fourth win, all won on home soil.

2003 Solheim Cup
The 2003 Solheim Cup was the eighth Solheim Cup, held 12–14 September 2003 at Barsebäck Golf & Country Club in Loddekopinge, Skåne, Sweden. This was the first time the European team hosted outside of the United Kingdom.

When Rosie Jones of the U.S. conceded a birdie putt to Catriona Matthew giving her a 3&1 win, Europe reached the 141⁄2 points required to win the Solheim Cup for the third time. With the overall competition's outcome decided, amid some controversy, four of the five remaining matches were conceded for a final score of 171⁄2 to 101⁄2.
Fu Pak (constituency)
Fu Pak (富柏) is a constituency in Hong Kong. It is one of the 20 constituencies in the Yau Tsim Mong District.

The constituency returns one district councillor to the Yau Tsim Mong District Council, with an election every four years. The seat is formerly held by Yu Tak-po of the Civic Party.

Fu Pak constituency is loosely based on the areas of the Hoi Fu Court, Park Avenue, Central Park and The Hermitage on the reclaimed land of old Yau Ma Tei Typhoon Shelter. with estimated population of 19,594.

Tai Kok Tsui
Tai Kok Tsui is an area west of Mong Kok in Yau Tsim Mong district in the Kowloon region of Hong Kong. The mixed land use of industrial and residential is present in the old area. The Cosmopolitan Dock and oil depots were previously located there. Blocks of high-rise residential buildings have been erected on the reclaimed area to the west, which marked the revitalisation of the area with many restaurants and bars setting up shop. Many of the older residential buildings have been vacated and are set to be replaced by high-rise residential and commercial buildings.
Danhai LRV
The Danhai Light Rail EMU (Chinese: 淡海輕軌電聯車), nicknamed Warrior (Chinese: 行武者號) is a light rail train operating on New Taipei Metro's Danhai Light Rail line. A total of 15 5-module train sets were manufactured by Taiwan Rolling Stock Company (TRSC), along with assistance from Voith's Engineering Services located in Germany. The entirely domestic production of the Danhai LRV is an important milestone for Taiwan in moving towards domestically manufactured trains.

The first trainset finished production in late-2016, with the rest of the order being completed by 2017 in time for the Danhai Light Rail line's opening in December 2018.

Danhai light rail
The Danhai light rail (traditional Chinese: 淡海輕軌; simplified Chinese: 淡海轻轨; pinyin: Dànhǎi Qīngguǐ, also known as Tamhai light rail) is a light rail transit (LRT) line in Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan, operated by New Taipei Metro. It opened on 23 December 2018 and began service the following day.
Andrew Holbrook
Andrew Holbrook (born February 6, 1986) is an American mixed martial artist and the former Colosseum Combat lightweight champion. He competed in the Lightweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship.

Lightweight (MMA)
The lightweight division in mixed martial arts contains different weight classes:

The UFC's lightweight division, which groups competitors within 146 to 155 lb (66 to 70 kg)

The Shooto lightweight division, which limits competitors to 145 lb (65.8 kg)

The ONE Championship's lightweight division, with an upper limit at 77.1 kg (170.0 lb)

The Road FC's lightweight division, with an upper limit at 154 lb (70 kg)
Baikalodrilus
Baikalodrilus is a genus of annelids belonging to the family Naididae.

The species of this genus are found in Russia.

Species:

Baikalodrilus alienus Timm, 1998

Baikalodrilus bekmanae (Snimschikova, 1984)

Naididae
The Naididae (including the former family Tubificidae) are a family of clitellate oligochaete worms like the sludge worm, Tubifex tubifex. They are key components of the benthic communities of many freshwater and marine ecosystems. In freshwater aquaria they may be referred to as detritus worms.
High resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy
High resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS) is a tool used in surface science. The inelastic scattering of electrons from surfaces is utilized to study electronic excitations or vibrational modes of the surface of a material or of molecules adsorbed to a surface. In contrast to other electron energy loss spectroscopies (EELS), HREELS deals with small energy losses in the range of 10−3 eV to 1 eV. It plays an important role in the investigation of surface structure, catalysis, dispersion of surface phonons and the monitoring of epitaxial growth.

Amand Lucas
Amand Lucas (born 18 December 1936, Liège) is a Belgian scientist and professor at the Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix, at the Institute for Studies in Interface Sciences. In 1985, he was awarded the Francqui Prize on Exact Sciences for his work on theoretical physics.
1927 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships
The 1927 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships were organized by the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) and served as the national championships in outdoor track and field for the United States.

The men's edition was held at Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska, and it took place 2–4 July. The women's meet was held separately at Allbee Stadium in Eureka, California, on 3 September.

At the men's championships, world records were set in both heats of the 4 × 110 yards relay. A medley shot put and weight throw for height event were also held. The medley shot put consisted of throwing 8 lb, 12 lb, and 16 lb shots and adding the places in each competition, with the lowest score winning. In the women's competition, six American records were set.

USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships
The USA Track & Field Outdoor Championships is an annual track and field competition organized by USA Track & Field, which serves as the American national championships for the sport. Since the year 1992, in the years which feature a Summer Olympics, World Athletics Championships, Pan American Games, NACAC Championships, or an IAAF Continental Cup, the championships serve as a way of selecting the best athletes for those competitions.
Christian Brothers College, Rose Bay
Christian Brothers College was established by the Christian Brothers in Carlisle St, Rose Bay, a suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia in 1935. The college was closed down in 1966 and the site is now used as a Catholic primary school called McAuley Catholic Primary School (previously McAuley Preparatory School).

Rose Bay, New South Wales
Rose Bay is a harbourside eastern suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Rose Bay is located seven kilometres east of the Sydney central business district, in the local government areas of Municipality of Woollahra (on its western side towards the bay) and Waverley Council (east of Old South Head Road).
Texas State Highway 302
State Highway 302 (SH 302) is a Texas state highway maintained by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). The 83.2-mile (133.9 km) route runs from U.S. Route 285 northwest of Pecos to Interstate 20 near Odessa. The route passes through Reeves, Loving, Winkler, and Ector counties. SH 302 has intersections with SH 115 and SH 18 in the Kermit area, and SH 158 east of Notrees. The route intersects Loop 338 and Spur 450 in West Odessa and then follows Loop 338 along the west side of Odessa until SH 302 terminates at I-20. SH 302 also intersects several Farm to Market Roads and an Interstate business route.

SH 302 was originally designated in 1938 as a route between Kermit and Odessa, but has since incorporated the former SH 276 and a defunct Farm to Market Road to achieve its present length. Loving County, where the route passes through Mentone, is the nation's least populous county in stark contrast to the urbanized eastern end of the route in the Odessa area.

Texas State Highway 276
State Highway 276 (SH 276) is a Texas state highway that runs from Rockwall east to Emory.  This route was designated on July 25, 1960, between Rockwall and Quinlan, replacing FM 1143 and part of FM 35. SH 276 was extended to its current terminus on October 25, 1990, replacing most of FM 35.
Chandrapur City Municipal Corporation
The Chandrapur City Municipal Corporation also known as the Municipal Corporation of Chandrapur City (MCCC) is the governing body of the city of Chandrapur in the Indian state of Maharashtra was established on 25 October 2011.
The municipal corporation consists of democratically elected members, is headed by a mayor and administers the city's infrastructure, public services. Members from the state's leading political parties hold elected offices in the corporation. 
Recently the Municipal Corporation has created three nos of Zone offices. Municipal Corporation mechanism in India was introduced during British Rule with formation of municipal corporation in Madras (Chennai) in 1688, later followed by municipal corporations in Bombay (Mumbai) and Calcutta (Kolkata) by 1762. Chandrapur Municipal Corporation has been formed with functions to improve the infrastructure of town.

Chandrapur
Chandrapur (earlier known as Chanda, the official name until 1964) is a city and a municipal corporation in Chandrapur district, Maharashtra state, India. It is the district headquarters of Chandrapur district. Chandrapur is a fort city founded by Khandkya Ballal Shah, a Gond king of the 13th century. The city sits at the confluence of the Erai River and Zarpat river. The area around the city is rich in coal seams.. Hence, Chandrapur is also known as the "Black Gold City".
Robert Friedland
Robert Martin Friedland (August 18, 1950) is an American-Canadian billionaire financier in the mining industry. Since the early 1980s, he has specialized in securing funding for the exploration and development of mineral and energy resources and technology ventures. He is the founder and chairman of his private, family-owned firm, Ivanhoe Capital Corporation, which is active in capital markets, focused on emerging markets. He is the founder and co-chairman of Ivanhoe Mines, a Canadian public company listed on the Toronto and OTCQX exchanges.

Toronto Stock Exchange
The Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX; French: Bourse de Toronto) is a stock exchange located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is the 10th largest exchange in the world and the third largest in North America by market capitalization. Based in the EY Tower in Toronto's Financial District, the TSX is a wholly owned subsidiary of the TMX Group for the trading of senior equities.
Giant component
In network theory, a giant component is a connected component of a given random graph that contains a significant fraction of the entire graph's vertices.

More precisely, in graphs drawn randomly from a probability distribution over arbitrarily large graphs, a giant component is a connected component whose fraction of the overall number of vertices is bounded away from zero. In sufficiently dense graphs distributed according to the Erdős–Rényi model, a giant component exists with high probability.

Random graph
In mathematics, random graph is the general term to refer to probability distributions over graphs.  Random graphs may be described simply by a probability distribution, or by a random process which generates them. The theory of random graphs lies at the intersection between graph theory and probability theory. From a mathematical perspective, random graphs are used to answer questions about the properties of typical graphs. Its practical applications are found in all areas in which complex networks need to be modeled – many random graph models are thus known, mirroring the diverse types of complex networks encountered in different areas. In a mathematical context, random graph refers almost exclusively to the Erdős–Rényi random graph model. In other contexts, any graph model may be referred to as a random graph.
2018–19 QMJHL season
The 2018–19 QMJHL season was the 50th season of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL). The regular season began on September 20, 2018, and ended on March 16, 2019.

The playoffs started March 22, 2019 and ended on May 11. The winning team, the Rouyn-Noranda Huskies, were awarded the President's Cup as the QMJHL champion and earned a berth in the 2019 Memorial Cup, being hosted by the Halifax Mooseheads of the QMJHL at the Scotiabank Centre in Halifax, Nova Scotia from May 17–26, 2019.

Gilles-Courteau Trophy
The Gilles-Courteau Trophy is awarded annually by the Quebec Maritimes Junior Hockey League to the league's playoffs champion. On February 21, 2023, the President's Cup was renamed in honour of Gilles Courteau who announced his retirement as commissioner on December 16, 2022.
Sayran (Almaty Metro)
Sayran (Kazakh: Сайран, Sairan) is a station on Line 1 of the Almaty Metro. The station is located between Alatau and Moskva. It was opened on 18 April 2015 as a part of the second stretch of Line 1 between Alatau and Moskva.

The station is located west of the city center, at the intersection between Abay Avenue and Brusilovsky Street. It is built underground and has one island platform. The name of the station originates from the Sayran Reservoir, which is located about 1 km (0.62 mi) northwest of the station.

Alatau (Almaty Metro)
Alatau (Kazakh: Алатау, Alatau)  is a metro station located in Almaty, Kazakhstan. The station opened on December 1, 2011, and is on Line 1 of the Almaty Metro rapid transit system.

The walls are made from green and white marble and the floors are grey granite. At the ends of the platform are panels made of Roman mosaic, bronze and relief depicting the mountain range of the Trans-Ili Alatau.
Swallow Super Swallow
The Swallow Super Swallow is an American-built general purpose biplane of the late 1920s, developed from the Swallow New Swallow. Versions powered by the 90-hp (66-kW) Curtiss OX-5 engine and the 220-hp (162-kW) Wright J-5 engine are also known as the Swallow 90 and Swallow 220 or as the OX-5 Swallow and J5 Swallow.

Museum of Flight
The Museum of Flight is a private non-profit air and space museum in the Seattle metropolitan area of Washington in the United States. It is located at the southern end of King County International Airport  (Boeing Field) in the city of Tukwila, immediately south of Seattle. It was established in 1965 and is fully accredited by the American Alliance of Museums. As the largest private air and space museum in the world, it also hosts large K–12 educational programs.

The museum had over 465,000 visitors in 2024 and over 11,000 members. It had $27 million in operating revenues and a total endowment value of $72.9 million in 2024. The museum also serves more than 140,000 students annually through its onsite programs: a Challenger Learning Center, an Aviation Learning Center, and a summer camp (ACE), as well as outreach programs that travel throughout Washington and Oregon.
1982 Benson and Hedges Open
The 1982 Benson and Hedges Open was a men's professional tennis tournament held in Auckland, New Zealand. The event was part of the 1982 Grand Prix circuit. It was the 15th edition of the tournament and was played on outdoor hardcourts and was held from 11 January through 17 January 1982. Second-seeded Tim Wilkison won the singles title.

ATP Auckland Open
The ATP Auckland Open, known as the ASB Classic (sponsored by ASB Bank), is a professional men's tennis tournament in Auckland, New Zealand. The tournament is played at the ASB Tennis Centre, in Parnell. It is part of the ATP World Tour 250 series of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) World Tour. The tournament is held annually in January a week before the first Grand Slam tournament of the season, the Australian Open.

The ASB Classic returned in 2023 after the 2021 and 2022 events were cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic causing travel restrictions for international visitors to New Zealand.