hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
So Kwun Wat
So Kwun Wat, commonly pronounced So Kwun Fat, is an area on the south coast of the western mainland New Territories in Hong Kong. The proper So Kwun Wat is a populated area in the valley between Siu Lam and Sam Shing Hui. It includes So Kwun Tan (掃管灘) on the shore, which is a residential area, Hong Kong Gold Coast (香港黃金海岸), with villas on Pearl Island (龍珠島) off the coast.

Administratively, the area belongs to Tuen Mun District. Northwest of So Kwun Tan is the Perowne Camp (寶龍軍營 or 掃管軍營).

Tuen Mun District
The Tuen Mun District (Chinese: 屯門區) is one of the 18 administrative districts of Hong Kong. As of 2025, the population was 545,000, of which 64,000 were under the age of 18. Part of the district is the Tuen Mun New Town (or simply Tuen Mun), which contains one of the largest residential areas in the New Territories.
George Luther Kapeau
George Luther Kapeau (died 1860) was a noble and statesman in the Kingdom of Hawaii who was one of the first generation of native Hawaiians to receive a Western education at the missionary founded Lahainaluna School. Despite his obscure family status, he rose to prominence as an advisor to King Kamehameha III. He served many government posts such Royal Governor of the Island of Hawaiʻi and member of the House of Nobles.

Hiram Bingham I
Hiram Bingham, formally Hiram Bingham I (October 30, 1789 – November 11, 1869), was the leader of the first group of American Protestant missionaries to introduce Christianity to the Hawaiian Islands. Like most of the missionaries, he was from New England.
Solar power in South Africa
Solar power in South Africa includes photovoltaics (PV) as well as concentrated solar power (CSP). 
As of July 2024, South Africa had 2,287 MW of installed utility-scale PV solar power capacity in its grid, in addition to 5,791 MW of rooftop solar and 500 MW of CSP.
Installed capacity is expected to reach 8,400 MW by 2030.

Department of Electricity and Energy
The Department of Electricity and Energy is the department of the South African government responsible for energy policy. The department manages energy resources in South Africa and is responsible for ensuring the exploration, development, processing, utilisation of those resources.
Event chain methodology
Event chain methodology is a  network analysis technique that is focused on identifying and managing events and relationships between them (event chains) that affect project schedules. It is an uncertainty modeling schedule technique. Event chain methodology is an extension of quantitative project risk analysis with Monte Carlo simulations. It is the next advance beyond critical path method and critical chain project management. Event chain methodology tries to mitigate the effect of motivational and cognitive biases in estimating and scheduling. It improves accuracy of risk assessment and helps to generate more realistic risk adjusted project schedules.

Scheduling (production processes)
Scheduling is the process of arranging, controlling and optimizing work and workloads in a production process or manufacturing process. Scheduling is used to allocate plant and machinery resources, plan human resources, plan production processes and purchase materials.

It is an important tool for manufacturing and engineering, where it can have a major impact on the productivity of a process. In manufacturing, the purpose of scheduling is to keep due dates of customers and then minimize the production time and costs, by telling a production facility when to make, with which staff, and on which equipment. Production scheduling aims to maximize the efficiency of the operation, utilize maximum resources available and reduce costs.

In some situations, scheduling can involve random attributes, such as random processing times, random due dates, random weights, and stochastic machine breakdowns. In this case, the scheduling problems are referred to as "stochastic scheduling".
Fulleride
Fullerides are chemical compounds containing fullerene anions.  Common fullerides are derivatives of the most common fullerenes, i.e. C60 and C70. The scope of the area is large because multiple charges are possible, i.e., [C60]n− (n = 1, 2...6), and all fullerenes can be converted to fullerides.  The suffix "-ide" implies their negatively charged nature.

Fullerides can be isolated as derivatives with a wide range of cations.  Most heavily studied derivatives are those with alkali metals, but fullerides have been prepared with organic cations. Fullerides are typically dark colored solids that generally dissolve in polar organic solvents.

C70 fullerene
C70 fullerene is the fullerene molecule consisting of 70 carbon atoms. It is a cage-like fused-ring structure which resembles a rugby ball, made of 25 hexagons and 12 pentagons, with a carbon atom at the vertices of each polygon and a bond along each polygon edge. A related fullerene molecule, named buckminsterfullerene (or C60 fullerene) consists of 60 carbon atoms.

It was first intentionally prepared in 1985 by Harold Kroto, James R. Heath, Sean O'Brien, Robert Curl and Richard Smalley at Rice University. Kroto, Curl and Smalley were awarded the 1996 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their roles in the discovery of cage-like fullerenes. The name is a homage to Buckminster Fuller, whose geodesic domes these molecules resemble.
Alix Popham
Alix Jon Popham (born 17 October 1979) is a Welsh former rugby union player who played as a number eight or flanker. Born in Newport, he began his career with Newport RFC in 1998, before moving to Leeds Tykes in 2002. He spent three years in England before returning to Wales with the Llanelli Scarlets in 2005. In 2008, he moved to France to play for Brive and was made captain ahead of the 2009–10 season. He retired due to injury at the end of the 2010–11 season, having made over 320 appearances in 13 years as a professional. He also played internationally for the Wales national team, earning 33 caps.

2008 Six Nations Championship
The 2008 Six Nations Championship, known as the 2008 RBS 6 Nations because of sponsorship by the Royal Bank of Scotland, was the ninth series of the rugby union Six Nations Championship, the 114th series of the international championship.

Fifteen matches were played over five weekends from 2 February to 15 March, resulting in Wales winning the Grand Slam, their second in the last four championships and tenth overall. In winning the Grand Slam, Wales also won the Triple Crown, for beating each of the other Home Nations, for the 19th time. Wales conceded only two tries in the championship, beating England's previous record of four tries conceded. Wales' Shane Williams was named the Player of the Championship.
Cyanophora
Cyanophora is a genus of glaucophytes, a group of rare but evolutionarily significant freshwater microalgae.

It includes the following species:

Cyanophora biloba

Cyanophora cuspidata

Cyanophora kugrensii

Cyanophora paradoxa

Cyanophora sudae

Cyanophora tetracyanea

These species are differentiated based on cell shape, number and position of cyanelles, and molecular data.

The species Cyanophora paradoxa is well-studied as a model organism.

Cyanophora sudae
Cyanophora sudae is a species of algae classified as a glaucophyte. It was first described as a distinct species in 2014, identified from a strain collected in Ibaraki, Japan. It was named after the collector of the first strain, Dr. Soichiro Suda of University of the Ryukyus.
La Voix season 10
Season 10 of La Voix broadcast from 21 January 2024 to 7 April 2024 on TVA.
Among last season's coaches, Corneille and Mario Pelchat returned for their second season as coaches, while Roxane Bruneau and France D'Amour replaced Marc Dupré and Marjo.

Charles Lafortune returned for his tenth season as host.

On 7 April, Maude Cyr-Deschênes from Team France was announced as the winner of the season, marking France D'Amour's first win as a coach.

La Voix
La Voix (French pronunciation: [la vwa]) is a francophone Canadian reality talent show as part of the international television series franchise The Voice, based on the original Dutch version of the program created by John de Mol Jr. The series is part of The Voice franchise and is based on a similar competition format in The Netherlands entitled The Voice of Holland. The series is structured into three phases: blind auditions, battles, and live performance shows. In 2016, La Voix also launched a separate series for younger contestants called La Voix Junior.
Archibald Eden
Brigadier-General Archibald James Fergusson Eden, CMG, DSO (20 January 1872 − 8 May 1956) was a career officer in the British Army. He received his commission in 1892 and actively served until 23 March 1924, after which he remained a figure in military circles, organising memorials, overseeing parades and attending military dinners. He was also a direct descendant of Sir Robert Eden, 1st Baronet, of Maryland.

Sir Robert Eden, 1st Baronet, of Maryland
Sir Robert Eden, 1st Baronet (14 September 1741 – 2 September 1784) was a British colonial administrator who was the last colonial Governor of Maryland. Although a popular governor and an able administrator, Eden's authority was overthrown by the events of the American Revolution, and in June 1776 he was invited by the Maryland Convention to leave for England. Eden was well-regarded at home and in the same year, 1776, he was made a baronet. He eventually returned to Maryland where he died in 1784 at the age of 42. He was buried in Annapolis and was succeeded in the baronetcy by his eldest son, Frederick, a noted author.
Julius Oketta
Major General Julius Facki Oketta (3 October 1956 – 5 November 2016) was a military officer in Uganda. He was a senior commander in the Uganda People's Defence Force (UPDF). Before his death, he was the Director of National Emergency Coordination and Operations in the Office of the Prime Minister of Uganda. In October 2013, the President of Uganda nominated and the Secretary General of the United Nations endorsed General Oketta to join the advisory group of the United Nations (UN) Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF). In 2004, at the rank of Brigadier, he was a member of the pioneer class to attend the Uganda Senior Command and Staff College, at Kimaka, Jinja, Eastern Uganda, under its first Commandant, Lieutenant General Ivan Koreta. Oketta died in the early hours on 5 November 2016.

Ivan Koreta
Ivan Koreta (born 15 October 1955) is a Ugandan retired military officer, diplomat and legislator. He is a retired general in the Uganda People's Defence Forces (UPDF) and a former representative for the armed forces in the Parliament of Uganda, where he served as a member of the Public Accounts Committee and the Committee on Presidential Affairs.

Koreta has been a member of the armed forces since 1981. He most recently served as the deputy chief of defence forces, the second-highest position in the UPDF, from 2005 to 2013. He also served from 2006 until 2009 as the chairman of the General Court Martial, the second-highest military court in Uganda.
Deaths in August 2023
The following is a list of notable deaths in August 2023.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street
Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (often referred to simply as Sweeney Todd) is a 1979 musical with music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim, book by Hugh Wheeler. It is based on the 1970 play Sweeney Todd by Christopher Bond. The character of Sweeney Todd first appeared in a Victorian penny dreadful titled The String of Pearls.

Sweeney Todd opened on Broadway in 1979 and in the West End in 1980. It won the Tony Award for Best Musical and Olivier Award for Best New Musical. It has been revived in many productions and inspired a film adaptation. The original logo for the musical is a modified version of an advertising image from the 19th century, with the sign replaced by a straight razor. There is also a woman wearing a blood-stained dress and holding a rolling pin next to the man.
Poles in Germany
Poles in Germany (German: Polen) are the second largest Polish diaspora (Polonia) in the world and the biggest in Europe. Estimates of the number of Poles living in Germany vary from 2 million to about 3 million people living that might be of Polish descent. Their number has quickly decreased over the years, and according to the latest census, there are approximately 866,690 Poles in Germany. The main Polonia organisations in Germany are the Union of Poles in Germany and Congress of Polonia in Germany. Polish surnames are relatively common in Germany, especially in the Ruhr area (Ruhr Poles).

Reich Chancellery
The Reich Chancellery (German: Reichskanzlei) was the traditional name of the office of the Chancellor of Germany (then called Reichskanzler) in the period of the German Reich from 1878 to 1945. The Chancellery's seat, selected and prepared since 1875, was the former city palace of Adolf Friedrich Count von der Schulenburg (1685–1741) and later Prince Antoni Radziwiłł (1775–1833) on Wilhelmstraße in Berlin. Both the palace and a new Reich Chancellery building (completed in early 1939) were seriously damaged during World War II and subsequently demolished.

Today the office of the German chancellor is usually called Kanzleramt (Chancellor's Office), or more formally Bundeskanzleramt (Federal Chancellor's Office). The latter is also the name of the new seat of the Chancellor's Office, completed in 2001.
Sothic cycle
The Sothic cycle or Canicular period (Ancient Egyptian: spdt or Sopdet, 'Triangle'; Ancient Greek: Σῶθις, Sō̂this) is a period of 1,461 Egyptian civil years of 365 days each or 1,460 Julian years averaging 365+1⁄4 days each. During a Sothic cycle, the 365-day year loses enough time that the start of its year once again coincides with the heliacal rising of the star Sirius on 19 July in the Julian calendar. It is an important aspect of Egyptology, particularly with regard to reconstructions of the Egyptian calendar and its history. Astronomical records of this displacement may have been responsible for the later establishment of the more accurate Julian and Alexandrian calendars.

Coptic calendar
The Coptic calendar, also called the Alexandrian calendar, is a liturgical calendar used by the farming populace in Egypt and used by the Coptic Orthodox and Coptic Catholic churches. It was used for fiscal purposes in Egypt until the adoption of the Gregorian calendar on 11 September 1875 (1st Thout 1592 AM). Like the Julian calendar (and unlike the international Gregorian calendar), the Coptic calendar has a leap year every four years invariably; it does not skip leap years three times every 400 years.
Lincoln Heritage Trail
The Lincoln Heritage Trail is a designation for a series of highways in the U.S. states of Illinois, Indiana and Kentucky that links communities with pre-presidential period historical ties to U.S. president Abraham Lincoln.

U.S. Route 68
U.S. Route 68 (US 68) is a United States highway that runs for 560 miles (900 km) from northwest Ohio to Western Kentucky. The highway's western terminus is at US 62 in Reidland, Kentucky. Its present eastern terminus is at Interstate 75 in Findlay, Ohio, though the route once extended as far north as Toledo. US 68 intersects with US 62 three times during its route.
Will Rigby
Will Rigby (born March 17, 1956) is an American musician known for being the drummer of jangle pop band the dB's, a band he formed along with Peter Holsapple, Chris Stamey, and Gene Holder in the late 1970s. He has also performed with many other artists and has released two solo albums.

Chris Stamey
Christopher Charles Stamey (born December 6, 1954) is an American musician, singer, songwriter, and record producer. After a brief time playing with Alex Chilton, as well as Mitch Easter under the name Sneakers, Stamey formed the dB's with Peter Holsapple.
North Gyeongsang Province
North Gyeongsang Province (Korean: 경상북도; RR: Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korean pronunciation: [kjʌŋ.saŋ.buk̚.t͈o]) is a province in eastern South Korea, and with an area of 18,420 km2 (7,110 sq mi), it is the largest province in the Korean peninsula. The province was formed in 1896 from the northern half of the former Gyeongsang province, and remained a province of Korea (as Keishōhoku-dō during Japanese rule) until the country's division in 1945, then became part of South Korea.

Daegu was the capital of North Gyeongsang Province between 1896 and 1981, but has not been a part of the province since 1981. In 2016, the provincial capital moved from Daegu to Andong.

Gyeongbu Line
The Gyeongbu line (Gyeongbuseon) is a railway line in South Korea and is considered to be the most important and one of the oldest in the country. It was constructed in 1905, connecting Seoul with Busan via Suwon, Daejeon, and Daegu. It is by far the most heavily travelled rail line in South Korea.

All types of high-speed, express, local, and freight trains provide frequent service along its entire length.
Bishnupada Mukerjee
Bishnupada Mukerjee (1 March 1903 – 30 July 1979) or Bishnupada Mukhopadhyaya was an Indian pharmacologist and orthopedic surgeon, known for his contributions in the fields of pharmacological research and standardization of drugs in India. The Government of India honoured him in 1962, with the award of Padma Shri, the fourth highest Indian civilian award for his services to the nation.

Indian Science Congress Association
Indian Science Congress Association (ISCA) is a premier scientific organisation of India with headquarters at Kolkata, West Bengal. The association started in the year 1914 in Calcutta and it meets annually in the first week of January. It has a membership of more than 30,000 scientists.

The first Indian Science Congress was held in 1914 at the Asiatic Society in Calcutta. After attracting various speech-related controversies in recent years, the association established a policy that requires speakers at future conferences to be vetted and scrutinizes the content of their talks.

Several prominent Indian and foreign scientists, including Nobel laureates, attend and speak in the congress.
2013 Mercure Perth Masters
The 2013 Mercure Perth Masters were held from January 3 to 6 at the Dewars Centre in Perth, Scotland as part of the 2012–13 World Curling Tour. The event was held in a triple knockout format, and the purse for the event was GBP£17,160, of which the winner, Thomas Ulsrud, received GBP£6,000. Ulsrud defeated Mike McEwen of Canada in the final with a score of 7–2.

Mercure Perth Masters
The Mercure Perth Masters is an annual bonspiel, or curling tournament, that takes place at the Dewars Centre in Perth, Scotland. The tournament has been held in both a triple-knockout format and a round robin format. The tournament, started in 1971, and later became a part of the World Curling Tour (and has been since at least 2002). Curlers from outside Scotland have been dominant in this bonspiel.

The event has also been known as the Cream of the Barley Perth Masters (1986) Stakis Masters at Perth (1994 & 1995), the Jarvis Masters @ Perth (2001), the Ramada Jarvis Masters @ Perth (2002) Ramada Jarvis Masters (2003) and the Ramada Perth Masters (2004-2011)

In 2020, the Women's World Curling Tour event, the City of Perth Ladies International, was renamed as the Mercure Perth Masters and will know be known under the new name.
One China, Many Paths
One China, Many Paths, edited by Chaohua Wang.  A collection of essays by Chinese thinkers, reflecting the new thinking that developed in the 1990s.  Both Chinese liberal and Chinese New Left views are represented, along with some views that do not fit either category.

Liberalism in China
Liberalism (simplified Chinese: 自由主义; traditional Chinese: 自由主義; pinyin: zìyóu zhǔyì) in Greater China is a development from classical liberalism as it was introduced into China during the later years of the Qing dynasty and the Republican period. It focuses more on individualism, rather than communitarianism; a common feature of conservatism in China. Prominent liberals were attacked in the early years of the People's Republic of China but liberal ideas became influential after the end of the Cultural Revolution.

In the People's Republic of China, liberal thought covers a significant range of intellectual currents. Among others, varieties of liberal thought in the PRC include the liberal Marxists of the 1980s and the neoliberals of the 1990s.
Pandora, Texas
Pandora is an unincorporated community in Wilson County, Texas, United States. According to the Handbook of Texas, the community had an estimated population of 125 in 2000. Pandora is part of the San Antonio Metropolitan Statistical Area.

It is located at the junction of U.S. Highway 87 and FM 1107 in eastern Wilson County. This is approximately 20 miles northeast of Floresville and 46 miles southeast of Downtown San Antonio. Pandora has a post office, with the ZIP code 78143.

Floresville, Texas
Floresville is a city in Wilson County, Texas, United States. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, its population was at 7,203 at the 2020 Census. It is the county seat of Wilson County. The city is also part of the San Antonio metropolitan statistical area.
1991 African Men's Handball Championship
The 1991 African Men's Handball Championship was the ninth edition of the African Men's Handball Championship, held in Cairo, Egypt, from 5 to 13 September 1991. It acted as the African qualifying tournament for the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona.

Egypt finished first in the round robin tournament and wins its first African title. Algeria finished second and Tunisia third.

Egypt men's national handball team
The Egyptian national handball team is the national handball team of Egypt, which represents Egypt in international matches. It is supervised by the Egyptian Handball Federation. Egypt was the first non-European team to reach the semifinals of the World Championships, and the first African team to reach the semifinals in the Olympic tournament. Egypt national team has now the record of the most African Championships tied with Tunisia.

Egypt men handball team is widely regarded as the finest handball team in Africa.
Right atrial pressure
Right atrial pressure (RAP) is the blood pressure in the right atrium of the heart. RAP reflects the amount of blood returning to the heart and the ability of the heart to pump the blood into the arterial system. RAP is often nearly identical to central venous pressure (CVP), although the two terms are not identical, as a pressure differential can sometimes exist between the venae cavae and the right atrium. CVP and RAP can differ when venous tone (i.e the degree of venous constriction) is altered. This can be graphically depicted as changes in the slope of the venous return (VR) plotted against right atrial pressure (where central venous pressure (CVP) increases, but right atrial pressure (RAP) stays the same; VR = CVP − RAP).

Artery
An artery (from Greek  ἀρτηρία (artēríā)) is a blood vessel in humans and most other animals that takes oxygenated blood away from the heart in the systemic circulation to one or more parts of the body. Exceptions that carry deoxygenated blood are the pulmonary arteries in the pulmonary circulation that carry blood to the lungs for oxygenation, and the umbilical arteries in the fetal circulation that carry deoxygenated blood to the placenta. It consists of a multi-layered artery wall wrapped into a tube-shaped channel.

Arteries contrast with veins, which carry deoxygenated blood back towards the heart; or in the pulmonary and fetal circulations carry oxygenated blood to the lungs and fetus respectively.