hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2004 Supercoppa Italiana
The 2004 Supercoppa Italiana was a match contested by the 2003–04 winners AC Milan and the 2003–04 Coppa Italia winners Lazio.

The match result was a 3–0 victory for AC Milan after a hat-trick by Andriy Shevchenko.

Supercoppa Italiana
The Supercoppa Italiana, also known as the Italian Super Cup, is an annual super cup tournament in Italian football. Founded in 1988 as a two-team competition, it has featured four teams since 2023 (the winners and runners-up of the previous season's Serie A and Coppa Italia). Before the format change, the match was exclusively contested between the winners of the Serie A and Coppa Italia titles. Under the new rules, if a team were to be occupying more than one of the four spots, that spot would then be filled by the third and/or fourth teams in the Serie A standings.

It was originally the opening match of the new season, played at the home stadium of the previous season's Serie A champions. Since 2018, the competition has been held during the winter months, and is mainly hosted internationally. Juventus is the most successful club with nine titles. They have met Lazio on five occasions, making it the most frequent matchup in tournament history.
2010 FINA World Open Water Swimming Championships – Men's 5K
The Men's 5K race at the 2010 FINA World Open Water Swimming Championships was swum on Tuesday, July 20, 2010 in Roberval, Quebec, Canada.

The race began at 2 p.m., and was swum in the Lac Saint-Jean in the city centre. 29 men swam the event.

The 5 kilometre distance of the race was reached by completed 2 laps of the 2.5-kilometre course set up for the championships.

2010 FINA World Open Water Swimming Championships
The 6th FINA World Open Water Swimming Championships was being held July 15–23, 2010 in Lac Saint-Jean near Roberval, Quebec, Canada.

The championships featured 3 race distances: 5-kilometre (5K), 10-kilometre (10K) and 25-kilometre (25K). Schedule for the championships was:

Saturday, July 17: Women's 10K (11:30 a.m.)

Sunday, July 18: Men's 10K (11:30 a.m.)

Tuesday, July 20: Women's 5K (10:30 a.m.), Men's 5K (2:00 p.m.)

Thursday, July 22: Women's 25K (9:15 a.m. start), Men's 25K (9:00 a.m. start)

The 2010 edition of the Open Water Worlds were the last stand-alone "open" (meaning no age limit) championships, and a Junior Open Water Worlds is to be created in its place. However, the Open Water events will remain in the biennial World Championships. This change brings the open water discipline closer to matching FINA's other disciplines in championships structuring.
2011 OPERA faster-than-light neutrino anomaly
In 2011, the Oscillation Project with Emulsion-tRacking Apparatus (OPERA) experiment mistakenly observed neutrinos appearing to travel faster than light. Even before the source of the error was discovered, the result was considered anomalous because speeds higher than that of light in vacuum are generally thought to violate special relativity, a cornerstone of the modern understanding of physics for over a century.

On June 8, 2012, after further research and analysis, CERN research director Sergio Bertolucci declared that the speed of neutrinos is consistent with that of light. The press release, made from the 25th International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics in Kyoto, states that the original OPERA results were wrong, due to equipment failures.

On July 12, 2012, OPERA updated their paper by including the new sources of errors in their calculations. They found agreement of neutrino speed with the speed of light.

OPERA experiment
The Oscillation Project with Emulsion-tRacking Apparatus (OPERA) was an instrument used in a scientific experiment for detecting tau neutrinos from muon neutrino oscillations. The experiment is a collaboration between CERN in Geneva, Switzerland, and the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS) in Gran Sasso, Italy and uses the CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) neutrino beam.

The process started with protons from the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) at CERN being fired in pulses at a carbon target to produce pions and kaons. These particles decay to produce muons and neutrinos.

The beam from CERN was stopped on 3 December 2012, ending data taking, but the analysis of the collected data has continued.
Le Veau d'Or
Le Veau d'Or is a restaurant on the Upper East Side of Manhattan, serving traditional French cuisine since 1937. As of 2015, it was considered the oldest French bistro in New York City.

Since 2019, Riad Nasr and Lee Hanson (of the restaurant Frenchette) have been the owners, having bought Le Veau d'Or from Catherine Treboux, the daughter of the longtime owner, Robert Treboux, who bought the restaurant in 1985 and died in 2012.

Upper East Side
The Upper East Side (sometimes abbreviated UES) is a neighborhood in the borough of Manhattan in New York City. It is bounded approximately by 96th Street to the north, the East River to the east, 59th Street to the south, and Central Park and Fifth Avenue to the west. The neighborhood area incorporates several smaller neighborhoods, including Lenox Hill, Carnegie Hill, and Yorkville. Once known as the Silk Stocking District, it has long been the wealthiest neighborhood in New York City.

The Upper East Side is part of Manhattan Community District 8, and its primary ZIP Codes are 10021, 10028, 10065, 10075, and 10128. It is patrolled by the 19th Precinct of the New York City Police Department.
Cello Sonata (Debussy)
The Cello Sonata (Sonate pour violoncelle et piano), L. 135, is a sonata for cello and piano by Claude Debussy. It consists of three movements: Prologue, Sérénade and Finale. It was composed and published in 1915. After performances in London and Geneva in 1916, the sonata's official premiere in Paris was played in 1917 by Joseph Salmon and Debussy. It was the first chamber music work in his late style, and became one of the key works in the repertoire from the 20th century.

François Lesure
François-Marie Lesure (23 May 1923 – 21 June 2001) was a French musicologist and librarian. He specialised in the life and œuvre of Claude Debussy, but also wrote numerous bibliographies, studies in the sociology of music and historical French topics.

Lesure was long-associated with the Bibliothèque nationale de France, where he was initially a music curator and later head of the music department.
Schubert's symphonies
Franz Schubert began thirteen symphonies, seven of which were completed. Up to ten are generally numbered; one of his incomplete symphonies, the Unfinished Symphony, is among his most popular works. Four of the six incomplete symphonies have been completed by other composers.

Brian Newbould
Brian Newbould (born 26 February 1936) is an English composer, conductor and author who has conjecturally completed Franz Schubert's Symphonies D 708A in D major, No. 7 in E major, No. 8 in B minor ("Unfinished"),  No. 10 ("Last") in D major, Piano Sonata in C major, D 840, Quartettsatz, D. 703 and String Trio, D. 471. He was educated at Gravesend Grammar School, and earned a BMus degree with top honors from the University of Bristol.
HSwMS Mode (29)
HSwMS Mode was a coastal destroyer of the Royal Swedish Navy, built by Götaverken and launched on 11 April 1942 as the lead of the four ship Mode class. Developed from an Italian design, the ship was capable of a wide range of roles, with depth charges to defeat submarines, torpedo tubes to attack ships and anti-aircraft guns for aerial defence, as well as mine laying capability. After serving during World War II, the ship was updated with greater anti-submarine capability and reclassified a frigate in 1953. Decommissioned on 1 July 1970, Mode subsequently operated in a training role until being scrapped in 1978.

Mode-class destroyer
The Mode class or Mjölner class was a class of four coastal destroyers commissioned by the Royal Swedish Navy during World War II. The design was based on the preceding Psilander class purchased from Italy but with Swedish equipment and armament. The destroyers served as coastal escorts. The class was moderately upgraded and reclassified as frigates during the early part of the Cold War. After nearly thirty years of service, the last vessel was retired in 1970.
Christian Cachin
Christian Cachin is a Swiss cryptographer and professor of computer science at the University of Bern, Switzerland.

In 2000 he founded the Cryptology ePrint Archive, an eprint repository for research in cryptology.

He was elected as president of the International Association for Cryptologic Research for 2014-2016 and for 2017-2019.

In 2015 he was named Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for "contributions to steganography and secure distributed systems".
He was elected as an ACM Fellow in 2019 "for contributions to secure distributed computing and cryptographic protocols". 
In 2022 he was also named a Fellow of the International Association for Cryptologic Research for "far-reaching contributions in the fields of cryptography and distributed systems, and for outstanding service to the IACR".

International Association for Cryptologic Research
The International Association for Cryptologic Research (IACR) is a non-profit scientific organization that furthers research in cryptology and related fields. The IACR was organized at the initiative of David Chaum at the CRYPTO '82 conference.
Amphibian antimicrobial peptides
Amphibian antimicrobial peptides are a family of highly potent antimicrobial peptides with a large spectrum of activity, which are synthesized by vertebrates as an efficient host-defence mechanism against invading microorganisms. A number of these defence peptides are secreted from the skin of frogs and other amphibians, including the opiate-like dermorphins and deltorphins, and antimicrobial dermaseptins, temporins, bombinins, magainin, pseudin, bombesins, and maculatins.

Antimicrobial peptides
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), also called host defence peptides (HDPs) are part of the innate immune response found among all classes of life. Fundamental differences exist between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells that may represent targets for antimicrobial peptides. These peptides are potent, broad spectrum antimicrobials which demonstrate potential as novel therapeutic agents. Antimicrobial peptides have been demonstrated to kill Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria, enveloped viruses, fungi and even transformed or cancerous cells. Unlike the majority of conventional antibiotics it appears that antimicrobial peptides frequently destabilize biological membranes, can form transmembrane channels, and may also have the ability to enhance immunity by functioning as immunomodulators.
German hip-hop
German hip-hop (locally known as Deutschrap) refers to hip hop music in the German language. Elements of American hip hop culture, such as graffiti art and breakdancing, diffused into Western Europe in the early 1980s.

Rap rock
Rap rock is a music genre that developed from the early to mid-1980s, when hip hop DJs incorporated rock records into their routines and rappers began incorporating original and sampled rock instrumentation into hip hop music. Rap rock is considered to be rock music in which lyrics are rapped, rather than sung. The genre achieved its greatest success in the late 1990s and early 2000s.
1938 New York gubernatorial election
The 1938 New York gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1938. Incumbent Governor Herbert H. Lehman was narrowly re-elected to a fourth term in office over Manhattan District Attorney Thomas E. Dewey. Despite Dewey's defeat, the close race with Lehman elevated him to further prominence, positioning him as an early contender for the 1940 Republican presidential nomination.

The 1938 election was the first election where the Governor of New York was elected to a four-year term, rather than a two-year term.

1940 Republican Party presidential primaries
From March 12 to May 17, 1940, voters of the Republican Party chose delegates to nominate a candidate for president at the 1940 Republican National Convention. The nominee was selected at the convention in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania from June 24–28, 1940.

The primaries were contested mainly by Manhattan District Attorney Thomas E. Dewey and Senators Robert A. Taft and Arthur Vandenberg, though only a few states' primaries featured two or more of these men.

By the start of the convention, only 300 of the 1,000 convention delegates had been pledged to a candidate, far fewer than was necessary to determine a victor. Estimates of delegate loyalty placed Dewey first, Taft second, and Wendell Willkie, an internationalist businessman, third. Late momentum following the escalation of World War II allowed Willkie to take the nomination on the sixth ballot at the convention.
Travels (book)
Travels is a 1988 nonfiction book by Michael Crichton that details how he abandoned his medical education at Harvard Medical School, moved to Los Angeles, and began his professional writing career with The Great Train Robbery (1975). After this book became a movie starring Sean Connery, Crichton undertook a variety of international adventures and experimented with mysticism, including out-of-body experiences, astral projection, and fortune-telling. It is his fourth, final, and most famous non-fiction book.

The Great Train Robbery (novel)
The Great Train Robbery is a best-selling 1975 historical novel written by Michael Crichton, his third novel under his own name and his thirteenth novel overall. Originally published in the US by Alfred A. Knopf (then a division of Random House), it was later published by Avon, an imprint of HarperCollins Publishers. The novel tells the story of the Great Gold Robbery of 1855, a massive gold heist that takes place on a train travelling through Victorian-era England on 22 May 1855. Most of the book takes place in London. A 1978 film adaptation was written and directed by Crichton.
Sarcosine
Sarcosine, also known as N-methylglycine, or monomethylglycine, is an amino acid with the formula CH3N(H)CH2CO2H.  It exists at neutral pH as the zwitterion CH3N+(H)2CH2CO2−, which can be obtained as a white, water-soluble powder.  Like some amino acids, sarcosine converts to a cation at low pH and an anion at high pH, with the respective formulas CH3N+(H)2CH2CO2H and CH3N(H)CH2CO2−.  Sarcosine is a close relative of glycine, with a secondary amine in place of the primary amine.

Sarcosine is ubiquitous in biological materials.  It is used in manufacturing biodegradable surfactants and toothpastes as well as in other applications. It is also a reagent in organic synthesis.

Sarcosine is sweet to the taste.

Trimethylglycine
Trimethylglycine is an amino acid derivative with the formula (CH3)3N+CH2CO−2. A colorless, water-soluble solid, it occurs in plants. Trimethylglycine is a zwitterion: the molecule contains both a quaternary ammonium group and a carboxylate group. Trimethylglycine was the first betaine discovered; originally it was simply called betaine because it was discovered in sugar beets (Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris).  Several other betaines are now known.
(120178) 2003 OP32
(120178) 2003 OP32 is a trans-Neptunian object (TNO) that resides in the Kuiper belt. It was discovered on 26 July 2003 by Michael E. Brown, Chad Trujillo and David L. Rabinowitz at Palomar Mountain in California.

Chad Trujillo
Chadwick A. Trujillo (born November 22, 1973) is an American astronomer, discoverer of minor planets and the co-discoverer of Eris, the most massive dwarf planet known in the Solar System.

Trujillo works with computer software and has examined the orbits of the numerous trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs), which is the outer area of the Solar System that he specialized in. Trujillo, along with Michael Brown and David Rabinowitz, discovered Eris in 2003. As a result of the discovery of the satellite Dysnomia, Eris was the first TNO known to be more massive than Pluto.
Gable Island
54°53′S 67°29′W﻿ / ﻿54.883°S 67.483°W﻿ / -54.883; -67.483

Gable Island (Spanish: Isla Gable) is an Argentine island part of Tierra del Fuego Province. The island is located on the northern side of east–west Beagle Channel less than 300 metres (980 ft) from Tierra del Fuego Island and about 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) from Chilean Navarino Island. The island has an irregular shape with many shoal banks extending into bays and open channel. The islands surface is mostly covered by Magallanic forest. Drumlins from the last ice age dominate topography which has allowed the formation of several small lagoons on the island.

Navarino Island
Navarino Island (Spanish: Isla Navarino) is a large Chilean island, with an area of 2,514 km2 (971 sq mi) and a coastline of 510 km (320 mi). It is located between Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, to the north, and Cape Horn, to the south. The island forms part of the Commune of Cabo de Hornos, the southernmost commune in Chile and in the world, belonging to Antártica Chilena Province in the XII Region of Magallanes and Chilean Antarctica. Its population is concentrated primarily in the communal capital, Puerto Williams, and in small settlements like Puerto Navarino, Río Guanaco and Puerto Toro. The highest point of the island is Pico Navarino at 1,195 m (3,921 ft). The island is a popular destination for fly-fishers.
Quahog (Family Guy)
Quahog (/ˈk(w)oʊhɒɡ/ ⓘ K(W)OH-hog) is a fictional city in the U.S. state of Rhode Island that serves as the primary setting of the American animated sitcom Family Guy and other related media. The town is located in Newport County, and is modeled after Cranston, Rhode Island, part of the Providence metropolitan area. The Griffin family, the Browns, the Swansons, and Glenn Quagmire live on Spooner Street, with the Griffin family residing at 31 Spooner Street. As revealed in the seventh-season episode "Fox-y Lady", the Town's ZIP code is 00093. Peter's birth certificate in the thirteenth-season episode "Quagmire's Mom" gives Peter's birth location as Newport County.

Newport County, Rhode Island
Newport County is one of five counties located in the U.S. state of Rhode Island. As of the 2020 census, the population was 85,643. It is also one of the seven regions of Rhode Island. The county was created in 1703. Like all of the counties in Rhode Island, Newport County no longer has any governmental functions (other than as court administrative and sheriff corrections boundaries). All of those functions in Rhode Island are now carried out by the state government, or by the cities and towns of Rhode Island. Newport County is included in the Providence metropolitan area, which in turn constitutes a portion of Greater Boston.
Oleśnica, Wieluń County
Oleśnica (Polish pronunciation: [ɔlɛˈɕɲit͡sa]) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ostrówek, within Wieluń County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) north of Ostrówek, 18 km (11 mi) north of Wieluń, and 75 km (47 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Ostrówek, Wieluń County
Ostrówek [ɔsˈtruvɛk] is a village in Wieluń County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Ostrówek. It lies approximately 14 km (9 mi) north of Wieluń and 77 km (48 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.
Product data record
A product record (or product data record) is the data associated with the entire lifecycle of a product from its conception, through design and manufacture, to service and disposal. It includes all the information used to develop, describe, manage and communicate information about products and critical linkage between relevant data elements. It is a key concept of product lifecycle management (PLM) and product data management (PDM), because it represents all the data that PLM processes and software manage and allow access to.

The product record is the single version of the truth for product data and implementing PLM is not possible without first designing the product record. However, PLM solutions often do not physically host all the product record data in their database but only create the logical connections so information can be accessed in its native application.

Product lifecycle
In industry, product lifecycle management (PLM) is the process of managing the entire lifecycle of a product from its inception through the engineering, design, and manufacture, as well as the service and disposal of manufactured products. PLM integrates people, data, processes, and business systems and provides a product information backbone for companies and their extended enterprises.
SIMNET
SIMNET was a wide area network with vehicle simulators and displays for real-time distributed combat simulation: tanks, helicopters and airplanes in a virtual battlefield. SIMNET was developed for and used by the United States military. SIMNET development began in the mid-1980s, was fielded starting in 1987, and was used for training until successor programs came online well into the 1990s.

SIMNET was perhaps the world's first fully operational virtual reality system and was the first real time, networked simulator. It was not unlike the massive multiplayer games of today. It supported a variety of air and ground vehicles, some human-directed and others autonomous.

Wide area network
A wide area network (WAN) is a telecommunications network that extends over a large geographic area. Wide area networks are often established with leased telecommunication circuits.

Businesses, as well as schools and government entities, use wide area networks to relay data to staff, students, clients, buyers and suppliers from various locations around the world. In essence, this mode of telecommunication allows a business to effectively carry out its daily functions regardless of location. The Internet may be considered a WAN. Many WANs are, however, built for one particular organization and are private. WANs can be separated from local area networks (LANs) in that the latter refers to physically proximal networks.
Marian feast days
Marian feast days in the liturgical year are celebrated in honour of the Blessed Virgin Mary. The number of Marian feasts celebrated, their names (and at times dates) can vary among Christian denominations.

Queen of Heaven
Queen of Heaven (Latin: Regina Caeli) is a title given by the Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodoxy, to Mary, mother of Jesus, and, to a lesser extent, in Evangelical Lutheranism and Anglicanism. The title has long been a tradition, included in prayers and devotional literature and seen in Western art in the subject of the Coronation of the Virgin from the High Middle Ages, long before the Church gave it a formal definition status.

The Catholic teaching on this subject is expressed in the papal encyclical Ad Caeli Reginam, issued by Pope Pius XII in 1954. Therein, the pope states that Mary is called Queen of Heaven because her son, Jesus Christ, was charged as being "King of Israel" and the heavenly king of the universe. This would render the mother of the king as the "queen mother" of Israel.
General Workers Central
The General Workers Central (Spanish: Central General de Trabajadores; CGT), also known as the General Workers Confederation and the General Confederation of Labor, is a national trade union center in Honduras. It is traditionally associated with the National Party of Honduras.

When, in January 2009 two Honduran factories (Hugger and VisionTex) that were part of Nike, Inc.'s supply chain went bankrupt and closed, the CGT of Honduras claimed that Nike bore some of the responsibility for providing terminal compensation, benefits and priority rehiring for 1,800 factory employees.

The CGT is affiliated with the World Confederation of Labor, and hence the International Trade Union Confederation.

International Trade Union Confederation
The International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC; French: Confédération syndicale international, CSI; German: Internationaler Gewerkschaftsbund, IGB; Spanish: Confederación Sindical Internacional, CSI) is the world's largest trade union federation.