hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chiral column chromatography
Chiral column chromatography is a variant of column chromatography that is employed for the separation of chiral compounds, i.e. enantiomers, in mixtures such as racemates or related compounds. The chiral stationary phase (CSP) is made of a support, usually silica based, on which a chiral reagent or a macromolecule with numerous chiral centers is bonded or immobilized.

The chiral stationary phase can be prepared by attaching a chiral compound to the surface of an achiral support such as silica gel. For example, one class of the most commonly used chiral stationary phases both in liquid chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography is based on oligosaccharides such as amylose, cellulose, or cyclodextrin (in particular with β-cyclodextrin, a seven sugar ring molecule) immobilized on silica gel.

The principle can be also applied to the fabrication of Monolithic HPLC columns or Gas Chromatography columns. or Supercritical Fluid Chromatography columns.

Monolithic HPLC column
A monolithic HPLC column, or monolithic column, is a column used in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).  The internal structure of the monolithic column is created in such a way that many channels form inside the column.  The material inside the column which separates the channels can be porous and functionalized.  In contrast, most HPLC configurations use particulate packed columns; in these configurations, tiny beads of an inert substance, typically a modified silica, are used inside the column. Monolithic columns can be broken down into two categories, silica-based and polymer-based monoliths. Silica-based monoliths are known for their efficiency in separating smaller molecules while, polymer-based are known for separating large protein molecules.
Battle of Vindalium
The Battle of Vindalium (121 BC) took place near Vindalium, a Cavarian settlement probably corresponding to modern day Mourre-de-Sève in Sorgues, near the confluence of the Rhône and Durance rivers in Southern France. The battle opposed the Allobroges, a Gallic tribe dwelling further north between the Rhône and the Alps, to the Roman forces of proconsul Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus.

Rhône
The Rhône (/roʊn/ ROHN, French: [ʁon] ⓘ; Occitan: Ròse; Arpitan: Rôno) is a major river in France and Switzerland, rising in the Alps and flowing west and south through Lake Geneva and Southeastern France before discharging into the Mediterranean Sea (Gulf of Lion). At Arles, near its mouth, the river divides into the Great Rhône (French: le Grand Rhône; Occitan: Grand Ròse) and the Little Rhône (le Petit Rhône; Pichon Ròse). The resulting delta forms the Camargue region.

The river's source is the Rhône Glacier, at the eastern edge of the Swiss canton of Valais. The glacier is part of the Saint-Gotthard Massif, which gives rise to three other major rivers: the Reuss, Rhine and Ticino.

The Rhône is, with the Po and the Nile, one of the three Mediterranean rivers with the largest water discharge.
Sligo (Dáil constituency)
Sligo was a parliamentary constituency represented in Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Irish parliament or Oireachtas from 1937 to 1948. The constituency elected 3 deputies (Teachtaí Dála, commonly known as TDs) to the Dáil, on the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV).

Oireachtas
The Oireachtas (/ˈɛrəktəs/ EH-rək-təs; Irish: [ˈɛɾʲaxt̪ˠəsˠ]), sometimes referred to as Oireachtas Éireann, is the bicameral parliament of Ireland. The Oireachtas consists of the president of Ireland and the two houses of the Oireachtas (Irish: Tithe an Oireachtais): a lower house called Dáil Éireann and an upper house called Seanad Éireann.

The houses of the Oireachtas sit in Leinster House in Dublin, an eighteenth-century ducal palace. The directly elected Dáil is the more powerful of the houses of the Oireachtas.
Football in Seychelles
The sport of football in the Seychelles is run by the Seychelles Football Federation established in 1979. The association administers the national football team, as well as the Premier League.

Football is the most popular sport in the Seychelles. The nation's domestic football structure includes the Seychelles First Division, as well as other local leagues and cup competitions such as the Seychelles FA Cup and President’s Cup. Saint Louis FC is the most successful club, having won the league multiple times. The league has ten clubs in the first division and additional teams in the lower divisions.

Seychelles Football Federation
The Seychelles Football Federation (SFF) is the governing body of football in the Seychelles. It was founded in 1941, and affiliated to FIFA and to CAF in 1986. It organizes the Seychelles First Division, the Seychelles FA Cup, the men's national team, and the women's national team.

The current president is Elvis Chetty.
Hong Kong Community Cup
Hong Kong Community Cup (Chinese: 香港社區盃), formerly known as Hong Kong Community Shield  (Chinese: 香港慈善盾), was a football super cup competition in Hong Kong played between the winners of the Hong Kong Premier League (previously the Hong Kong First Division League) and the Hong Kong FA Cup (previously the Hong Kong season play-offs). If the Premier League champions also won the FA Cup title, the FA Cup runners-up would be qualified for the Community Cup.

Hong Kong season play-offs
The Hong Kong season play-offs was a knockout football competition held after the conclusion of the Hong Kong Premier League (or previously the Hong Kong First Division League) season to decide the second team (besides the league champions) to play in the AFC club competition (either the AFC Champions League or the AFC Cup). It was held between 2013 and 2017.

The AFC has written to HKFA, stating that only the top division league and cup champion are eligible for representing Hong Kong in AFC competitions, such that the season play-offs champion is ineligible for AFC competitions from 2019. Therefore, the season play-offs was cancelled starting from the 2017–18 season.
Restigouche East
Restigouche East (French: Restigouche-Est) is a provincial electoral district in New Brunswick, Canada. It was created from the multi-member district of Restigouche in the 1973 electoral redistribution, and abolished in the 1994 electoral redistribution.

Following the 2023 redistribution, the riding was re-created from parts of Campbellton-Dalhousie, Restigouche West, Restigouche-Chaleur and Bathurst West-Beresford.

Restigouche (provincial electoral district)
Restigouche was a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick, Canada. It used a bloc voting system to elect candidates, and was created from Gloucester in 1838. It was abolished with the 1973 electoral redistribution, when the province moved to single-member ridings.
San Tomaso Agordino
San Tomaso Agordino (Ladin: San Tomas) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Belluno in the Italian region Veneto, located about 110 kilometres (68 mi) north of Venice and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northwest of Belluno. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 766 and an area of 19.2 square kilometres (7.4 sq mi).

The municipality of San Tomaso Agordino contains the frazione (subdivision) Pecol.

San Tomaso Agordino borders the following municipalities: Alleghe, Cencenighe Agordino, Rocca Pietore, Taibon Agordino, Vallada Agordina.

Belluno
Belluno (Italian pronunciation: [belˈluːno] ⓘ; Ladin: Belum; Venetian: Belùn) is a town and province in the Veneto region of northern Italy. Located about 100 kilometres (62 miles) north of Venice, Belluno is the capital of the province of Belluno and the most important city in the Eastern Dolomites region. With a population of 35,543, it is the largest populated area of Valbelluna, and the 12th-largest municipality of Veneto.

It is one of the 15 municipalities of the Dolomiti Bellunesi National Park.
Lonely Teardrops
"Lonely Teardrops" is a song written by Berry Gordy Jr., Gwen Gordy and Roquel "Billy" Davis, first recorded and released as a single in 1958 by R&B singer Jackie Wilson, on the Brunswick label. The single was commercially successful, reaching the top ten on the Billboard Hot 100, and number-one on the R&B chart. It is ranked as the 57th biggest U.S. hit of 1959.

The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame named it one of "Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll". In 1999, it was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame. "Lonely Teardrops" was also ranked #315 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time (2011).

Grammy Hall of Fame
The Grammy Hall of Fame is a hall of fame to honor musical recordings of lasting qualitative or historical significance. Inductees are selected annually by a special member committee of eminent and knowledgeable professionals from all branches of the recording arts. It is compiled by The Recording Academy in the United States, and was established in 1973. Recordings (singles and albums) in all genres are eligible for selection, and must be over 25 years old to be considered. Additions to the list are chosen annually by a committee of recording arts professionals.

Alphabetical listing by title:

List of Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients (A–D)

List of Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients (E–I)

List of Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients (J–P)

List of Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients (Q–Z)
Transportation in St. Louis
Transportation in Greater St. Louis, Missouri includes road, rail, ship, and air transportation modes connecting the bi-state St. Louis metropolitan area with surrounding communities throughout the metropolitan area, national transportation networks, and international locations. The Greater St. Louis region also supports a multi-modal transportation network that includes bus, light rail, and paratransit service in addition to shared-use paths, bike lanes and greenways.

Green Line (St. Louis MetroLink)
The Green Line was a planned expansion of the MetroLink light rail system in St. Louis, Missouri. The north–south line is currently being studied as an at-grade Bus rapid transit line after initially being proposed as a street running light rail line. It would be the third line in the MetroLink system.
La Haute-Côte-Nord Regional County Municipality
La Haute-Côte-Nord (French pronunciation: [la ot kot nɔʁ]) is a regional county municipality in northeastern Quebec, Canada, in the Côte-Nord region. It is located on the Gulf of St. Lawrence where the Saguenay River flows into it. The seat is Les Escoumins. The municipality has a land area of 11,295.82 square kilometres (4,361.34 sq mi) and its population was 10,278 inhabitants as of the 2021 census.  Its largest community is the city of Forestville.

Except for Sacré-Coeur, which is located along the Saguenay River, all places and municipalities of the RCM are along Quebec Route 138 directly on the shores of the St. Lawrence River. The unorganized territory of Lac-au-Brochet makes up some 83% of the interior part of the RCM.

Forestville, Quebec
Forestville (French pronunciation: [fɔʁɛstvil]) is a town in the Côte-Nord region of Quebec, Canada. It is located on the north shore of the St. Lawrence River along Route 138, approximately 103 kilometres (64 mi) southwest of Baie-Comeau. There is a vehicle and passenger ferry service from Forestville to Rimouski, on the south shore of the St. Lawrence that is over 50 kilometres (31 mi) wide at this point.  The city operates the Forestville Airport.

Forestville is known for its hunting and fishing. Moose hunting season is popular. There are many lakes and rivers to fish, as well as beaches and camping spots for the summer, and cross country skiing in the winter. It hosts the Boreal Loppet, a cross-country skiing race with varying distances including 60 kilometres (37 mi). It also hosted the longest cross-country ski race in the world, at 103 kilometres (64 mi), from 2005 to 2011.
9×25mm Super Auto G
The 9×25mm Super Auto G, officially known as the 9 × 25 Super Auto G by C.I.P. and unofficially also known as the 9 × 25 Super Auto Grillmeyer, is an Austrian pistol cartridge.

The 10mm Auto cartridge has functioned as the parent case for the 9×25mm Super Auto G, which is essentially a necked-down version of the 10mm Auto. The 10mm Auto cartridge case was used for this since it has the capability to operate with relative high chamber pressures for its case capacity which, combined with smaller and hence lighter bullets result in very high muzzle velocities.

Commission internationale permanente pour l'épreuve des armes à feu portatives
The Commission internationale permanente pour l'épreuve des armes à feu portatives (English: Permanent International Commission for the Proof of Small Arms), abbreviated C.I.P., is an international organisation which sets safety standards for firearms. As of 2015 its members are 14 national governments, of which 11 are European Union states. The C.I.P. safeguards all firearms and ammunition sold to civilian purchasers in member states.

To achieve this, the firearms are proof tested at C.I.P. accredited Proof Houses. The same applies for cartridges. At regular intervals, cartridges are tested against the C.I.P. pressure specifications at the ammunition manufacturing plants and at C.I.P. accredited Proof Houses.
Rio Grande Valley Vipers
The Rio Grande Valley Vipers are an American professional basketball team of the NBA G League based in Edinburg, Texas, and are affiliated with the Houston Rockets. The Vipers play their home games at the Bert Ogden Arena. The Vipers have won four league titles in 2010, 2013, 2019, and 2022, the most for any club in league history. They also have made the most championship series in league history, having made it seven times to the finals. They are also the earliest champion to still play in their original city along with one of only three teams (the others being the Iowa Wolves and the Noblesville Boom) to have played in every league season since 2007. The Vipers entered a single-partnership affiliation agreement with the Houston Rockets during the 2009–10 season. Previously, they were affiliated with the Cleveland Cavaliers for the 2007–08 season and the New Orleans Hornets  from 2007 to 2009.

NBA G League Most Valuable Player Award
The NBA G League Most Valuable Player (MVP) is an annual NBA G League award given since the league's inaugural season to the best performing player of the regular season. The league's head coaches determine the award by voting and it is usually presented to the honoree during the G-League playoffs.

No player has been named the MVP more than once, and only one international player has won the award. Ansu Sesay was the inaugural winner while playing for the Greenville Groove. By position, guards have won the award with 12 winners, followed by forwards with eight. Only one center has won, Courtney Sims in 2008–09.
Diocese of San Pablo
The Diocese of San Pablo (Latin: Dioecesis Sancti Pauli in Insulis Philippinis, Filipino: Diyosesis ng San Pablo, Spanish: Diócesis de San Pablo) is a Roman Catholic diocese which is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Manila. Its patron saint or titular is Paul the First Hermit, the only one in the world dedicated to him.

26 Martyrs of Japan
The 26 Martyrs of Japan (Japanese: 日本二十六聖人, Hepburn: Nihon Nijūroku Seijin) were a group of Catholics who were executed by crucifixion on 5 February 1597, in Nagasaki, Japan. Their martyrdom is especially significant in the history of the Catholic Church in Japan.

A promising beginning to Catholic missions in Japan – with perhaps as many as 300,000 Catholics by the end of the 16th century – met complications from competition between the missionary groups, political difficulty between Portugal and Spain and factions within the government of Japan. Christianity was suppressed and it was during this time that the twenty-six martyrs were executed. By 1630, Catholicism had been driven underground. When Christian missionaries returned to Japan 250 years later, they found a community of "hidden Catholics" that had survived underground.
Cyclothone
Cyclothone is a genus containing 13 extant species of bioluminescent fish, commonly known as 'bristlemouths' or 'bristlefishes' due to their shared characteristic of sharp, bristle-like teeth. These fishes typically grow to around 1–3 inches (25–76 mm), though some can be larger. These deep-sea fish are most commonly found in the mesopelagic zone of the ocean, mostly at depths of over 300 meters (1,000 feet), and many species have bioluminescence.

Cyclothone is believed to be the most abundant fish genus on Earth, with estimates that there are up to a quadrillion individuals (1015, or one million billion in the short scale) within the current global population. They are so abundant that they are also believed to be the most abundant genus of vertebrate on earth.

Middle Miocene
The Middle Miocene is a sub-epoch of the Miocene epoch made up of two stages: the Langhian and Serravallian stages. The Middle Miocene is preceded by the Early Miocene, and followed by the Late Miocene.

The sub-epoch lasted from 15.97 ± 0.05 Ma (million years ago) to 11.608 ± 0.005 Ma. During this period, a sharp drop in global temperatures took place. This event is known as the Middle Miocene Climatic Transition.

For the purpose of establishing European land mammal ages, this sub-epoch is equivalent to the Astaracian age.
Pseudopsellonus
Pseudopsellonus is a monotypic genus of Papuan running crab spiders containing the single species, Pseudopsellonus papuanus. It was first described by J. I. Balogh in 1936, and is only found in Papua New Guinea.

Philodromidae
Philodromidae, also known as  philodromid crab spiders and running crab spiders, is a family of araneomorph spiders first described by Tord Tamerlan Teodor Thorell in 1870 (then known as subfamily Philodrominae within Thomisidae). It contains over 500 species in about thirty genera.

The most common genus is Philodromus which is widespread, similar to Ebo. Other common genera include the elongate grass-dwelling Tibellus and the widespread Thanatus, which includes the house crab spider that commonly captures flies on and in buildings.
Yu-Gi-Oh! Master Duel
Yu-Gi-Oh! Master Duel is a free-to-play digital collectible card game based on the Yu-Gi-Oh! Trading Card Game, developed and published by Konami for Microsoft Windows, Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One, Xbox Series X/S, Android, and iOS.

It was initially released January 19, 2022 for consoles and PC to positive reviews and rapidly climbed to the top of the Steam charts. On February 6, Konami announced the game had been downloaded over 10 million times. The game would later on be released in a few regions to iOS and Android January 26, 2022, with many more regional launches on February 2, 2022.

Digital collectible card game
A digital collectible card game (DCCG) or online collectible card game (OCCG) is a computer or video game that emulates collectible card games (CCG) and is typically played online or occasionally as a standalone video game. Many DCCGs are types of digital tabletop games and follow traditional card game-style rules, while some DCCGs use alternatives for cards and gameboards, such as icons, dice and avatars. Originally, DCCGs started out as replications of a CCG's physical counterpart, but many DCCGs have foregone a physical version and exclusively release as a video game, such as with Hearthstone.
2022 Memorial Van Damme
The 2022 Memorial Van Damme was the 46th edition of the annual track and field meeting in Brussels, Belgium. Held on 2 September at the King Baudouin Stadium, it was the twelfth and penultimate leg of the 2022 Diamond League – the highest level international track and field circuit. The shot put event was held on 1 September, the day before the rest of the meeting. Although Memorial Van Damme and Weltklasse Zürich co-hosted the finals in 2019, in 2021 and 2022 the series moved to a single final in Zürich.

For Americans, the meeting was highlighted by Grant Fisher losing to Jacob Krop but running 12:46.96 to break the American record over 5000 metres.

Pre-race favorites Mondo Duplantis, Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce, and Laura Muir were upset by Ernest John Obiena, Shericka Jackson, and Ciara Mageean. Erriyon Knighton won the 200 metres as an 18 year old, while Kara Winger won the javelin throw 12 years after she was the last American to win the event at a Diamond League competition.

Memorial Van Damme
The Memorial Van Damme is an annual athletics event at the King Baudouin Stadium in Brussels, Belgium, that takes place in late August or early September. Previously one of the IAAF Golden League events, it now serves as a final event of the Diamond League, along with Weltklasse Zürich between 2010 and 2019. In 2024 and 2026, Memorial Van Damme will serve as the sole final of the Diamond League.

It was first organized in 1977 by a group of journalists in honour of Ivo Van Damme, a Belgian double medal winner at the Montreal Olympics who was killed the previous year in a car accident at the age of 22.
2014 UCI Europe Tour
The 2014 UCI Europe Tour was the tenth season of the UCI Europe Tour. The 2014 season began on 2 February 2014 with the Grand Prix Cycliste la Marseillaise and ended on 19 October 2014 with the Chrono des Nations.

The points leader, based on the cumulative results of previous races, wears the UCI Europe Tour cycling jersey. Riccardo Zoidl of Austria was the defending champion of the 2013 UCI Europe Tour. The 2014 Europe Tour was won by Tom Van Asbroeck.

Throughout the season, points are awarded to the top finishers of stages within stage races and the final general classification standings of each of the stages races and one-day events. The quality and complexity of a race also determines how many points are awarded to the top finishers, the higher the UCI rating of a race, the more points are awarded.

The UCI ratings from highest to lowest are as follows:

Multi-day events: 2.HC, 2.1 and 2.2

One-day events: 1.HC, 1.1 and 1.2

2013 UCI Europe Tour
The 2013 UCI Europe Tour was the ninth season of the UCI Europe Tour. The 2013 season began on 27 January 2013 with the Grand Prix Cycliste la Marseillaise and ended on 20 October 2013 with the Chrono des Nations.

The points leader, based on the cumulative results of previous races, wears the UCI Europe Tour cycling jersey. John Degenkolb of Germany was the defending champion of the 2012 UCI Europe Tour. Riccardo Zoidl of Austria was crowned as the 2013 UCI Europe Tour.

Throughout the season, points are awarded to the top finishers of stages within stage races and the final general classification standings of each of the stages races and one-day events. The quality and complexity of a race also determines how many points are awarded to the top finishers, the higher the UCI rating of a race, the more points are awarded.

The UCI ratings from highest to lowest are as follows:

Multi-day events: 2.HC, 2.1 and 2.2

One-day events: 1.HC, 1.1 and 1.2
Base of fire
In military terminology, a base of fire is a supporting force that provides overwatch and covering fire to other advancing units while they are executing fire and movement tactics. A base of fire can be a platoon during company fire and movement, by individual armoured fighting vehicles (esp. tanks) or infantry sections, in platoon fire and movement, or even by fireteams or individual soldiers, in the final stages of an assault.

Military terminology
Military terminology refers to the terms and language of military organizations, personnel, and military doctrine. Much like other forms of corporate jargon, military terminology is distinguishable from colloquial language by its use of new or repurposed words and phrases typically only understandable by current and former members of the military or associated companies and agencies.