hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Outline of the Central African Republic
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Central African Republic:

Central African Republic – landlocked sovereign country located in Central Africa.  The CAR borders Chad in the north, South Sudan in the east, Sudan in the north-east, the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo in the south, and Cameroon in the west. The Central African Republic Bush War began in 2004 and, despite a peace treaty in 2007 and another in 2011, fighting broke out between government, Muslim, and Christian factions in December 2012, leading to ethnic and religious cleansing and massive population displacement in 2013 and 2014. It is one of the poorest countries in the world.

Central African Armed Forces
The Central African Armed Forces (French: Forces armées centrafricaines; FACA) are the armed forces of the Central African Republic and have been barely functional since the outbreak of the civil war in 2012. Today they are among the world's weakest armed forces, dependent on international support to provide security in the country. In recent years the government has struggled to form a unified national army. It consists of the Ground Force (which includes the air service), the gendarmerie, and the National Police.

Its disloyalty to the president came to the fore during the mutinies in 1996–1997, and since then has faced internal problems. It has been strongly criticised by human rights organisations due to terrorism, including killings, torture and sexual violence. In 2013 when militants of the Séléka rebel coalition seized power and overthrew President Bozizé they executed many FACA troops.
Fiesta de Los Angeles
Fiesta de los Angeles was a parade and festival in Downtown Los Angeles that appeared yearly between 1894 and 1916. It originally featured a parade from the Old Plaza to Fiesta Park, and a multi-day festival that included events at Fiesta Park. The event was founded by local boosters, chief among them Max Meyberg, as an attempt to rival the Tournament of Roses in Pasadena, and the first parade was April 10, 1894. The 1901 festival was held in May to coincide with a visit by President William McKinley. There have been numerous attempts to revive the festival, most recently the Fiesta Broadway in the 1990s and 2000s.

El Pueblo de Los Ángeles Historical Monument
El Pueblo de Los Ángeles Historical Monument, also known as Los Angeles Plaza Historic District and formerly known as El Pueblo de Los Ángeles State Historic Park, is a historic district taking in the oldest section of Los Angeles, known for many years as El Pueblo de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Ángeles del Río de Porciúncula.  The district, centered on the old plaza, was the city's center under Spanish (1781–1821), Mexican (1821–1847), and United States (after 1847) rule through most of the 19th century. The 44-acre park area was designated a state historic monument in 1953 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.
Desert Fury
Desert Fury is a 1947 American film noir crime film directed by Lewis Allen, and starring Lizabeth Scott, John Hodiak and Burt Lancaster. Its plot follows the daughter of a casino owner in a small Nevada town who becomes involved with a racketeer who was once suspected of murdering his wife. The screenplay was written by Robert Rossen and A. I. Bezzerides (uncredited), adapted from the 1947 novel Desert Town by Ramona Stewart. The picture was produced by Hal Wallis, with music by Miklós Rózsa and cinematography in Technicolor by Edward Cronjager and Charles Lang.

The film had its world premiere in Salt Lake City in July 1947, and earned mixed reviews from critics. In the years since its release, the film has been subject to significant film criticism from scholars and critics for its overtones of homosexuality, particularly in the relationship between two of its central male characters.

Foster Hirsch
Foster Hirsch is the author of 16 books on subjects related to theatre and film. A native of California, Hirsch received his B.A. from Stanford University and holds M.F.A, M.A. and Ph.D. degrees from Columbia University. Hirsch joined the English department of Brooklyn College in 1967, and in 1973 became one of the first professors to join the school's newly established film department. He has also been associated with the Pine Bluff Film Festival since its inception in 1994.
M/G/1 queue
In queueing theory, a discipline within the mathematical theory of probability, an M/G/1 queue is a queue model where arrivals are Markovian (modulated by a Poisson process), service times have a General distribution and there is a single server. The model name is written in Kendall's notation, and is an extension of the M/M/1 queue, where service times must be exponentially distributed. The classic application of the M/G/1 queue is to model performance of a fixed head hard disk.

Kendall's notation
In queueing theory, a discipline within the mathematical theory of probability, Kendall's notation (or sometimes Kendall notation) is the standard system used to describe and classify a queueing node. D. G. Kendall proposed describing queueing models using three factors written A/S/c in 1953 where A denotes the time between arrivals to the queue, S the service time distribution and c the number of service channels open at the node. It has since been extended to A/S/c/K/N/D where K is the capacity of the queue, N is the size of the population of jobs to be served, and D is the queueing discipline.

When the final three parameters are not specified (e.g. M/M/1 queue), it is assumed K = ∞, N = ∞ and D = FIFO.
2011 Ontario general election
General elections were held on October 6, 2011, to elect members of the 40th Legislative Assembly of Ontario. The Ontario Liberal Party was elected to a minority government, with the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario (PC Party) serving as the Official Opposition and the Ontario New Democratic Party (NDP) serving as the third party. In the final result, Premier McGuinty's party fell one seat short of winning a majority government.

Under amendments passed by the Legislature in December 2005, Ontario elections were now held on fixed dates, namely the first Thursday of October every four years. The writ of election was issued by Lieutenant Governor David Onley on September 7, 2011.

The election saw a then–record low voter turnout of 48.2%, only to be surpassed by the 2022 Ontario general election with 44.06%.

2009 Green Party of Ontario leadership election
The 2009 Green Party of Ontario leadership election took place November 13–15, 2009 in London, Ontario.

Longtime Green Party of Ontario leader Frank de Jong told the GPO convention on May 16, 2009, that he would be stepping down as leader of the party. De Jong was the founding leader of the party,, and although he was never able to win a seat for the party, under his leadership its share of the vote rose from 0.34% in 1995 to 8.1% in 2007.

At the close of nominations, Mike Schreiner was the sole candidate who had submitted nomination documents. Per party rules, Schreiner still had to run in the leadership convention, however, his only opponent on the ballot was "none of the above". Schreiner's election was confirmed on November 14, 2009.
Marienborg
Marienborg, a mid 18th-century country house perched on a small hilltop on the northern shore of Bagsværd Lake, Lyngby-Taarbæk Municipality, 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) north of downtown Copenhagen, has served as the official residence of Denmark's prime minister since 1962. It is frequently used for governmental conferences, summits and other official purposes, including the prime minister's new year speech. Unlike the residences of many other heads of government and state (e.g. the White House, 10 Downing Street, La Moncloa and Élysée Palace), Marienborg does not serve as the government headquarters or contain the office of the prime minister. The Prime Minister's Office is instead located in Christiansborg on Slotsholmen in downtown Copenhagen. Marienborg was listed on the Danish registry of protected buildings and places in 1964.

Lorentz Petersen
Lorentz Petersen was a leading wine retailer founded in 1788 by Lorentz Petersen (1763–1829) and based at Store Kongensgade 66 in Copenhagen, Denmark. It was granted status of Purveyor to the Court of Denmark in 1865 and existed until the early 1970s.
Tenmile Creek (West Fork River tributary)
Tenmile Creek is a tributary of the West Fork River, 26.4 miles (42.5 km) long, in north-central West Virginia in the United States.  Via the West Fork, Monongahela and Ohio Rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River, draining an area of 126 square miles (330 km2) on the unglaciated portion of the Allegheny Plateau.

Monongahela River
The Monongahela River (/məˌnɒŋɡəˈhiːlə/ mə-NONG-gə-HEE-lə, /-ˈheɪ-/ -⁠HAY-), sometimes referred to locally as the Mon (/mɒn/), is a 130-mile-long (210 km) river on the Allegheny Plateau in north-central West Virginia and Southwestern Pennsylvania. The river flows from the confluence of its west and east forks in north-central West Virginia northeasterly into southwestern Pennsylvania, then northerly to Pittsburgh and its confluence with the Allegheny River to form the Ohio River. The river includes a series of locks and dams that makes it navigable.
Rota (poem)
Rota ("The Oath") is an early 20th-century Polish poem, as well as a celebratory anthem, once proposed to be the Polish national anthem. Rota's lyrics were written in 1908 by activist for Polish independence, poet Maria Konopnicka as a protest against German Empire's policies of forced Germanization of Poles. Konopnicka wrote Rota in 1908 while staying in Cieszyn. The poem was published for the first time in Gwiazdka Cieszyńska newspaper on 7 November. The music was composed two years later by composer, conductor and concert organist, Feliks Nowowiejski.

Polish Scouting and Guiding Association
The Polish Scouting and Guiding Association (Polish: Związek Harcerstwa Polskiego, ZHP) is the coeducational Polish Scouting organization recognized by the World Organization of the Scout Movement and the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts. It was founded in 1918 and currently is the largest Scouting organization in Poland (142 692 members in 2023). The first ZHP was founded in 1916, the current one is the fourth organization with this name. It is a public benefit organization as defined by Polish law.
Nicotinic antagonist
A nicotinic antagonist is a type of anticholinergic drug that inhibits the action of acetylcholine (ACh) at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. These compounds are mainly used for peripheral muscle paralysis in surgery, the classical agent of this type being tubocurarine, but some centrally acting compounds such as bupropion, mecamylamine, and 18-methoxycoronaridine block nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the brain and have been proposed for treating nicotine addiction.

Note: Succinylcholine is a nicotinic agonist.  See neuromuscular blocking agents page for details on the mechanism of action.

Tubocurarine chloride
Tubocurarine (also known as d-tubocurarine or DTC) is a toxic benzylisoquinoline alkaloid historically known for its use as an arrow poison. In the mid-1900s, it was used in conjunction with an anesthetic to provide skeletal muscle relaxation during surgery or mechanical ventilation. Safer alternatives, such as cisatracurium and rocuronium, have largely replaced it as an adjunct for clinical anesthesia and it is now rarely used. The specific form used was tubocurarine chloride, its hydrated hydrochloride salt.
Film perforations
Film perforations, also known as perfs and sprocket holes, are the holes placed in the film stock during manufacturing and used for transporting (by sprockets and claws) and steadying (by pin registration) the film. Films may have different types of perforations depending on film gauge, film format, and intended usage. Perforations are also used as a standard measuring reference within certain camera systems to refer to the size of the frame.

Some formats are referred to in terms of the ratio "perforations per frame/gauge size" to provide an easy way of denoting size. For instance, 35mm Academy is also known as 4 perf-35mm; VistaVision is 8 perf-35mm; the long-time standard Todd-AO 70 mm film is 5 perf-70mm; and IMAX is 15 perf-70mm. This description does not indicate whether the film transport is horizontal or vertical, but uncertainty is precluded because there are currently no horizontal systems using the same number of perforations on the same gauge as a vertical one.

Film format
A film format is a technical definition of a set of standard characteristics regarding image capture on photographic film for still images or film stock for filmmaking. It can also apply to projected film, either slides or movies. The primary characteristic of a film format is its size and shape.

In the case of motion picture film, the format sometimes includes audio parameters. Other characteristics usually include the film gauge, pulldown method, lens anamorphosis (or lack thereof), and film gate or projector aperture dimensions, all of which need to be defined for photography as well as projection, as they may differ.
Epilimnion
The epilimnion or surface layer is the top-most layer in a thermally stratified lake.

The epilimnion is the layer that is most affected by sunlight, its thermal energy heating the surface, thereby making it warmer and less dense.  As a result, the epilimnion sits above the deeper metalimnion and hypolimnion, which are colder and denser.  Additionally, the epilimnion typically has a higher pH and higher dissolved oxygen concentration than the hypolimnion.

Oxygen saturation
Oxygen  saturation (symbol SO2) is a relative measure of the concentration of oxygen that is dissolved or carried in a given medium as a proportion of the maximal concentration that can be dissolved in that medium at the given temperature. It can be measured with a dissolved oxygen probe such as an oxygen sensor or an optode in liquid media, usually water. The standard unit of oxygen saturation is percent (%).

Oxygen saturation can be measured regionally and noninvasively. Arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) is commonly measured using pulse oximetry. Tissue saturation at peripheral scale can be measured using NIRSTooltip near-infrared spectroscopy. This technique can be applied on both muscle and brain.
Kings League
The Kings League is a seven-a-side football format established in 2022 by former player Gerard Piqué. The format, originally introduced in Spain, features rules that differ from traditional football regulations, such as a tie-breaker penalty shootout, unlimited substitutions, and the implementation of secret weapons, to add an element of dynamism and entertainment to the games.

As of 2025, Kings League has expanded with leagues in Hispanic America (Kings League Mexico), Italy (Kings League Italy), Brazil (Kings League Brazil), France (Kings League France) and Germany (Kings League Germany), the Middle East and North Africa region (Kings League MENA) and with plans to expand into the United States (Kings League USA).

2023 Kings League
The 2023/24 Kings League, also known as Kings League Infojobs due to sponsorship reasons, is the 1st season of Kings League Spain, a seven-a-side football competition. It commenced on 1 January 2023 with the first match day of the Winter Split, which concluded on 26 March 2023. The Summer Split began on 7 May 2023, and it is set to conclude with its Final Four on 29 July 2023.
1994 New Year Honours (New Zealand)
The 1994 New Year Honours in New Zealand were appointments by Elizabeth II on the advice of the New Zealand government to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders. The awards celebrated the passing of 1993 and the beginning of 1994, and were announced on 31 December 1993.

The recipients of honours are listed here as they were styled before their new honour.

Mayor of Grey
The Grey District mayor, often referred to as the mayor of Greymouth, officiates over the Grey District of New Zealand which is administered by the Grey District Council, with its seat in Greymouth. The current mayor is Tania Gibson. Two predecessors to this office were the mayor of Greymouth, officiating over the Greymouth Borough Council from 1868, and from 1877 the chairman of the Grey County Council.
Bani Khalid (tribe)
Bani Khalid (Arabic: بني خالد) is an Arab tribal confederation mainly inhabiting the Arabian Peninsula. The tribe ruled southern Iraq, Kuwait, and Eastern Arabia (al-Hasa and al-Qatif) from the 15th century to the 18th century, and again under the protection of the Ottoman Empire during the early 19th century. At its greatest extent, the domain of Bani Khalid extended from Iraq in the north to the borders of Oman in the south, and Bani Khalid wielded political influence by ruling the region of Najd in central Arabia. Most of the tribe's members presently reside in eastern and central Saudi Arabia, while others live in Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, Syria, Palestine, Lebanon and the United Arab Emirates. Bani Khalid has both Shia Muslim and Sunni Muslim members.

Yousef al-Khalidi
Yusuf Dia Pasha al-Khalidi (Arabic: يوسف ضياء الدين باشا الخالدي, Yousef Ḍiya’ ad-Dīn Bāshā al-Khalidī; 1842–1906) was a prominent Ottoman politician who served as mayor of Jerusalem during several non-consecutive terms in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Al Khalidi served as mayor of Jerusalem from the years 1870 to 1876, 1878 to 1879, and 1899 to 1906.

He was an elected member of the first Ottoman parliament, and he represented Jerusalem. He was also a governor, translator, professor and prolific writer. As an Ottoman patriot and an active participant in the reform of the system following Egyptian withdrawal from Syria, Khalidi was proud of his Jerusalem heritage, and was a relentless reformer of the Ottoman system from within, rather than a precursor of Arab, or Syrian independence from the Ottomans. He continuously referred to his homeland (watani) as Jerusalem
Asipavichy, Vileyka district rural council
Asipavichy rural council (Belarusian: Асіпавіцкі сельсавет; Russian: Осиповичский сельсовет) is a lower-level subdivision (selsoviet) of Vileyka district, Minsk region, Belarus. Its administrative center is Asipavichy, Vileyka district.

Vileyka district
Vileyka district or Viliejka district (Belarusian: Вілейскі раён; Russian: Вилейский район) is a district (raion) of Minsk region in Belarus. The administrative center of the district is the town of Vileyka. As of 2024, it has a population of 46,075.
Roman Pleshkov
Roman Pavlovich Pleshkov (Russian: Роман Павлович Плешков, born 19 January 2000) is a retired Russian pair skater. With his former partner, Alina Pepeleva, he is the 2019 CS Warsaw Cup silver medalist. On the junior level, Pepeleva/Pleshkov are the 2019 JGP United States bronze medalists and have qualified to the 2019–20 Junior Grand Prix Final.

2021 Russian Figure Skating Championships
The 2021 Russian Figure Skating Championships (Russian: Чемпионат России по фигурному катанию на коньках 2021) were held from 23 to 27 December 2020 in Chelyabinsk. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dance. The results were among the criteria used to select the Russian team for the 2021 World Championships.
Kishū Tokugawa family
The Kishū Tokugawa family (紀州徳川家, Kishū Tokugawa-ke) is a branch of the Tokugawa clan based in Kii Province. The family was founded in 1619, when Tokugawa Yorinobu, 10th son of Tokugawa Ieyasu, was appointed to rule Kii Province. As Kii Province was alternatively called Kishū (紀州), so the family is also known as the Kii Tokugawa family (紀伊徳川家, Kii Tokugawa-ke).

Tokugawa clan
The Tokugawa clan (徳川氏, Tokugawa-shi, Tokugawa-uji; Japanese pronunciation: [to.kɯꜜ.ɡa.wa, -ŋa.wa, -kɯ.ɡa.waꜜ.ɕi, -ŋa.waꜜ-]) is a Japanese samurai clan and dynasty which produced the Tokugawa shoguns who ruled Japan from 1603 to 1868 during the Edo period. It was formerly a powerful daimyō family. They nominally descended from Emperor Seiwa (850–880) and were a branch of the Minamoto clan (Seiwa Genji) through the Matsudaira clan. The early history of the clan remains a mystery. Nominally, the Matsudaira clan is said to be descended from the Nitta clan, a branch of the Minamoto clan, but this is considered to be untrue or unlikely.
Tulu calendar
Tulu Calendar (also known as Varsa, Vorsa or Vodu) is a traditional Indian solar calendar, generally used in the regions of Northern Parts of Kasaragod District of Kerala, and Dakshina Kannada, Udupi Districts of Karnataka, India. The indigenous or Tulu speaking people of Tulu Nadu, Tuluvas who migrated from this region to other places, are the common followers of this calendar system. The first day of this calendar falls on Bisu (middle of the Gregorian month of April). The first day of a Tulu Month is called as Thingade / Singade and the last day known as Sankrathi Day.

Dakshina Kannada
Dakshina Kannada district is located in the state of Karnataka in India, with its headquarters in the coastal city of Mangaluru. The district covers an area nestled  between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea. Dakshina Kannada receives abundant rainfall during the Indian monsoon. It is bordered by Udupi district (formerly a part of this district) to the north, Chikmagalur district to the northeast, Hassan district to the east, Kodagu to the southeast and Kasaragod district of Kerala to the south. According to the 2011 census of India, Dakshina Kannada district had a population of 2,089,649. It is the only district in Karnataka to have all modes of transport - road, rail, water and air - due to the presence of a major hub, Mangaluru. This financial district is also known as the Cradle of Indian banking.
Kartal (Istanbul Metro)
Kartal is an underground station on the M4 line of the Istanbul Metro in Kartal. It is located beneath the Kartal interchange, along the D.100 State Highway in the Cumhuriyet neighborhood. Kartal was the eastern terminus of the M4 from its opening in 2012 to 2016, when the line was extended further to Pendik. Connection to IETT city buses and Istanbul Minibus service is available. The station consists of an island platform with two tracks and was opened on 17 August 2012.

Kartal
Kartal (Turkish: [ˈkaɾtaɫ]) is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its area is 38 km2, and its population is 483,418 (2022). It is located on the Asian side of the city, on the coast of the Marmara Sea between Maltepe and Pendik.

Despite being far from the city centre, Kartal is heavily populated (total population nearly 500,000). The district's neighbours are Maltepe to the west, Sultanbeyli and Sancaktepe to the north and Pendik to the east. Inland from the coast, the land rises sharply up to the hills Yakacık and Aydos, the latter of which is the highest point in Istanbul.