hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bushcraft
Bushcraft is the use and practice of skills to survive and thrive in a natural environment. Bushcraft skills include foraging, hunting, fishing, firecraft, and tying knots. Woodcraft is a subset of bushcraft that focuses on survival skills for use in woodland or forest environments. Fieldcraft is a military or tactical form of bushcraft.

Trapping
Animal trapping, or simply trapping or ginning, is the use of a device to remotely catch and often kill an animal. Animals may be trapped for a variety of purposes, including for meat, fur/feathers, sport hunting, pest control, and wildlife management.

Among trapping methods, some are considered relatively humane while others are seen as excessively cruel. Laws in the European Union and many U.S. states ban inhumane traps such as foothold traps, and instead promote body-grip traps, which kill animals quickly and are therefore regarded as more humane. All traps, whether for capture or killing, must be checked at least every 24 hours, and humane guidelines recommend more frequent checks and, where possible, the use of monitoring devices that alert when a trap is triggered. Because improper trapping can cause severe animal suffering and pose risks to pets, wildlife, and humans, specialized certification programs train professionals in humane and safe pest management.
VP-9
Patrol Squadron  9 (VP-9) is a U.S. Navy patrol squadron with its homeport located at Naval Air Station Whidbey Island. As of 2018, VP-9 is part of Patrol and Reconnaissance Wing Ten, Commander, Naval Air Forces, Pacific.

The squadron was established on 15 March 1951. It is the second squadron to be designated VP-9, the first VP-9 was redesignated VP-12 on 1 July 1939.

VPB-24
VPB-24 was a Patrol Bombing Squadron of the U.S. Navy. The squadron was established as Patrol Squadron 9-S (VP-9S) on 7 January 1930, redesignated Patrol Squadron 9-B (VP-9B) on 1 October 1930, redesignated Patrol Squadron 9-F (VP-9F) on 26 October 1931, redesignated Patrol Squadron 9 (VP-9) on 1 October 1937, redesignated Patrol Squadron 12 (VP-12) on 1 July 1939, redesignated Patrol Squadron 24 (VP-24) on 1 August 1941, redesignated Patrol Bombing Squadron 24 (VPB-24) on 1 October 1944 and disestablished on 20 June 1945.
Ednam
Ednam is a small village near Kelso in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland.

Floors Castle is nearby.

The village was formerly in Roxburghshire. Its name is a corruption of the Anglo-Saxon "Edenham", i.e. the town on Eden Water.

Near the village is a knoll called The Piper's Grave. It is named after a legend that a local piper once went searching for fairies in the hill, and was never seen again.

Kelso, Scottish Borders
Kelso (Scottish Gaelic: Cealsaidh) is a market town in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland. Within the boundaries of the historic county of Roxburghshire, it lies where the rivers Tweed and Teviot have their confluence. The town has a population of 5,639 according to the 2011 census and based on the 2010 definition of the locality.

Kelso's main tourist attractions are the ruined Kelso Abbey and Floors Castle. The latter is a house designed by William Adam, which was completed in 1726. The Kelso Bridge was designed by John Rennie, who later built the Waterloo Bridge in London.

Kelso held the UK record for the lowest January temperature at −26.7 °C (−16.1 °F), from 1881 until 1982.
Caffe Cino
Caffe Cino was an Off-Off-Broadway theater founded in 1958 by Joe Cino. The West Village coffeehouse, located at 31 Cornelia Street, was initially conceived as a venue for poetry, folk music, and visual art exhibitions. The plays produced at the Cino, however, became most prominent, and it is now considered the "birthplace of Off-Off-Broadway".

The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 9, 2017.

West Village
The West Village is a neighborhood in the western section of the larger Greenwich Village neighborhood of Lower Manhattan, New York City. The West Village is bounded by the Hudson River to the west and 14th Street to the north. The eastern boundary is variously cited as Greenwich Avenue, Seventh Avenue, or Sixth Avenue, while the southern boundary is either Houston Street or Christopher Street.

The West Village is part of Manhattan Community District 2, and is patrolled by the 6th Precinct of the New York City Police Department. Residential property sale prices in West Village are among the most expensive in the United States, typically exceeding US$2,100 per square foot ($23,000/m2) in 2017.
Sayaka Matsumoto
Sayaka Matsumoto (サヤカ・松本; born December 5, 1982) is a Japanese-born American judoka. Matsumoto competed for the United States in the women's 48 kg judo event at the 2008 Summer Olympics.

Matsumoto, who was raised in California, is coached by her father, David Matsumoto. She began judo at the age of 5. Matsumoto won the 2004 U.S. Olympic Trials, but did not compete in the Olympics that year because the U.S. failed to earn a spot in her weight class. Matsumoto again won the U.S. Olympic Trials in 2008 and competed in the Olympic Games.

At the 2008 Summer Olympics she fought against Ryoko Tani (JPN) and Wu Shugen (CHN), but lost both matches.

Ryoko Tani
Ryoko Tani (谷 亮子, Tani Ryōko; née Tamura (田村), born September 6, 1975) is a Japanese politician and retired female judoka.

Competing in the extra-lightweight (48 kg) class, she won a record seven world titles and five Olympic medals including two golds at Sydney 2000 and Athens 2004. After her retirement, the International Judo Federation named her "best female judoka ever".

In 2010, she was elected to the House of Councillors, the upper house of the Japanese parliament.
N8n
n8n GmbH (pronounced "n-eight-n", short for "nodemation") is a German software company that provides a platform for workflow automation. Their product has been termed a "low-code" and "fair code" form of workflow automation.

The n8n platform (software/service) provides a visual node-based editor for automation involving other commercial and proprietary applications, and supports both a self-hosted web service, and a managed cloud service.

Venture round
A venture round is a type of funding round used for venture capital financing, by which startup companies obtain investment, generally from venture capitalists and other institutional investors. The availability of venture funding is among the primary stimuli for the development of new companies and technologies.
Andreas Gruentzig
Andreas Roland Grüntzig (25 June 1939 – 27 October 1985) was a German American radiologist and cardiologist, with foundational interest, training, and research in epidemiology and angiology. He is known for being the first to develop successful balloon angioplasty for expanding lumens of narrowed arteries. He was born in Dresden.

Coronary circulation
Coronary circulation is the circulation of blood in the arteries and veins that supply the heart muscle (myocardium).

Coronary arteries supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle. Cardiac veins then drain away the blood after it has been deoxygenated.

Because the rest of the body, and most especially the brain, needs a steady supply of oxygenated blood that is free of all but the slightest interruptions, the heart is required to function continuously. Therefore its circulation is of major importance not only to its own tissues but to the entire body and even the level of consciousness of the brain from moment to moment.

Interruptions of coronary circulation quickly cause heart attacks (myocardial infarctions), in which the heart muscle is damaged by oxygen starvation. Such interruptions are usually caused by coronary ischemia linked to coronary artery disease, and sometimes to embolism from other causes like obstruction in blood flow through vessels.
Goblins Gate
Goblins Gate, or Goblin Gates, is a narrow gorge, about 20 feet (6.1 m) across, on the Elwha River in the U.S. state of Washington. It is located in Olympic National Park where the Elwha River enters Rica Canyon, 8.9 kilometres (5.5 mi) east-southeast of Olympic Hot Springs.

Toponymist Smitty Parratt described Goblins Gate: "...the Elwha River swerves at a severe right angle and tumbles into an extremely narrow cliffside opening. Resembling two large gates such as might have been found on a medieval castle, the rock portals appear to reach out and suck the waters of the Elwha into their grasp, only to send them plummeting down a precipitous canyon in a headlong rush to sea level."

Olympic Hot Springs
Olympic Hot Springs is located in Olympic National Park, Washington, United States. The springs contain 21 seeps near Boulder Creek, a tributary of the Elwha River. The temperature varies from tepid to 138 °F (59 °C).
Olive oil regulation and adulteration
Olive oil regulation and adulteration are complex issues overseen and studied by various governmental bodies, non-governmental organizations, and private researchers across the world. The most frequent type of adulteration is that oil of lower quality is mixed into olive oil.

Sunflower oil
Sunflower oil is the non-volatile oil pressed from the seeds of the sunflower (Helianthus annuus). Sunflower oil is commonly used in food as a frying oil, and in cosmetic formulations as an emollient.

Sunflower oil is primarily composed of linoleic acid, a polyunsaturated fat, and oleic acid, a monounsaturated fat. Through selective breeding and manufacturing processes, oils of differing proportions of the fatty acids are produced.  The expressed oil has a neutral taste profile. The oil contains a large amount of vitamin E.
Zoological Science (journal)
Zoological Science is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Zoological Society of Japan covering the broad field of zoology. The journal was established in 1984 as a result of the merger of the Zoological Magazine (1888–1983) and Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses (1897–1983), the former official journals of the Zoological Society of Japan. Zoological Science has been a BioOne member since 2007.

BioOne
BioOne is a nonprofit publisher of scientific research.

BioOne was established in 1999 in Washington, DC, as a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization by five scholarly collaborators: the American Institute of Biological Sciences, the Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition (SPARC), The University of Kansas, Greater Western Library Alliance, and Allen Press.

The main impetus for BioOne's creation was the common desire amongst key scholarly stakeholders for an alternative to commercial scholarly publishing.

Half of the subscription fee revenue from BioOne Complete is divided between participating publishers.
Socorro, Quezon City
Socorro (PSGC: 137404115 Archived July 12, 2018, at the Wayback Machine) is a barangay located in Quezon City, Philippines, within the commercial district of Cubao. As of the 2019 census, the barangay has a population of 25,073 people. The barangay is home to Araneta City and Smart Araneta Coliseum, one of the largest indoor arenas in the world.

Barangay hall
A barangay hall is the seat of government for a barangay, the lowest elected administrative division of the Philippines, below that of a city or municipality. It serves as the office of the barangay captain and meeting place for the Sangguniang Barangay. These officers' names, pictures and responsibilities are usually displayed in the hall. The hall can be considered the counterpart to its municipality's municipal hall.

The barangay hall also serves as a local community center, often providing space for both permanent and temporary services and events. The barangay's day care center and office space for the tanods and the barangay health workers are often located there. Medical missions, religious services, fiestas, and sports contests are often held near or next to the barangay hall.
Lalu Wetlands National Nature Preserve
Lalu Wetlands National Nature Reserve, also known as Lhasa Wetlands Nature Preserve, protects 625 hectares (1,540 acres) of wetlands in the center of Lhasa City, the capital of the Tibet Autonomous Region in the southwestern People’s Republic of China. The wetlands are completely surrounded by Lhasa, and constitute the largest urban park in the world and the largest urban wetlands in the world.

The preserve, initially created in 1994 as an urban park by the mayor of Lhasa with the support of his council, was subsequently made into a regional level preserve by the People’s Congress of the Tibet Autonomous Region in 1999, and then elevated to national protection status on July 25, 2005. This preserve is also recognized as being of international importance under the Ramsar Convention on wetlands.

Lhasa
Lhasa, officially the Chengguan District of Lhasa City, is the inner urban district of Lhasa City, Tibet Autonomous Region, Southwestern China.

Lhasa is the second most populous urban area on the Tibetan Plateau after Xining and, at an altitude of 3,656 metres (11,990 ft), Lhasa is one of the highest cities in the world. The city has been the religious and administrative capital of Tibet since the mid-17th century. It contains many culturally significant Tibetan Buddhist sites such as the Potala Palace, Jokhang Temple and Norbulingka Palaces. According to the census, the total resident population of the city by the end of 2024 will be 876,400.
Weenen (House of Assembly of South Africa constituency)
Weenen was a constituency in the Natal Province of South Africa, which existed from 1910 to 1943. It covered a rural area in western Natal centred on its namesake town. Throughout its existence it elected one member to the House of Assembly.

House of Assembly (South Africa)
The House of Assembly (known in Afrikaans as the Volksraad, or "People's Council") was the lower house of the Parliament of South Africa from 1910 to 1981, the sole parliamentary chamber between 1981 and 1984, and latterly the white representative house of the Tricameral Parliament from 1984 to 1994, when it was replaced by the current National Assembly. Throughout its history, it was composed exclusively of white members who were elected to office predominantly by white citizens, though until 1960 and 1970, respectively, some Black Africans and Coloureds in the Cape Province voted under a restricted form of suffrage.

The old House of Assembly chamber was severely damaged in a fire in January 2022.
Reginald Brian
Reginald Brian was a medieval Bishop of St David's and Bishop of Worcester. He was the son of Guy Bryan, 1st Baron Bryan, brother of Guy Brian the younger, and brother-in-law of Alice Brian, better known as Alice de Bryene.

Brian was consecrated Bishop of St David's on 26 September 1350 and translated to the see of Worcester on 22 October 1352.

Brian died on 10 December 1361.

Bishop of St Davids
The Bishop of St Davids is the ordinary of the Church in Wales Diocese of St Davids.

The succession of bishops stretches back to Saint David who in the 6th century established his seat in what is today the city of St Davids in Pembrokeshire, founding St Davids Cathedral. The most recent former bishop of St Davids was Joanna Penberthy, who retired on 31 July 2023. On 17 October 2023, Dorrien Davies, Archdeacon of Carmarthen, was elected to become the next Bishop; the confirmation of his election (where he legally became Bishop) happened on 29 November 2023 and his episcopal consecration took place on 27 January 2024 at Bangor Cathedral.
Turks in Belgium
Turks in Belgium (Turkish: Belçika'daki Türkler; Dutch: Turkse gemeenschap in België; French: Turcs en Belgique), also referred to as Turkish Belgians or Belgian Turks (Turkish: Belçika Türkleri; Dutch: Turkse Belgen; French: Belgo-Turcs) are people of full or partial Turkish ethnicity living in Belgium. The majority of Belgian Turks descend from the Republic of Turkey; however, there has also been significant Turkish migration from other post-Ottoman countries including ethnic Turkish communities which have come to Belgium from the Balkans (especially from Bulgaria, Greece, Kosovo, North Macedonia and Romania), the island of Cyprus, and more recently Iraq and Syria.

Meyrem Almaci
Meyrem Almaci (Sint-Niklaas, 25 February 1976) is a Belgian politician from Flanders and member of the ecological party Groen. On 10 June 2007, she was elected to the Belgian Chamber of Representatives for the first time. She was re-elected in 2010 and in 2014 when she also became the president of Groen. In 2019 she left the Belgian parliament and was elected in the Flemish Parliament.
Robert C. Weaver
Robert Clifton Weaver (December 29, 1907 – July 17, 1997) was an American economist, academic, and political administrator who served as the first United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development from 1966 to 1968, when the department was newly established by President Lyndon B. Johnson. Weaver was the first African American to be appointed to a US Cabinet-level position.

Prior to his appointment as cabinet officer, Weaver had served in the administration of President John F. Kennedy. In addition, he had served in New York State government, and in high-level positions in New York City. During the Franklin D. Roosevelt administration, he was one of 45 prominent African Americans appointed to positions and helped make up the Black Cabinet, an informal group of African American public policy advisers.  Weaver directed federal programs during the administration of the New Deal, at the same time completing his doctorate in economics in 1934 at Harvard University.

United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
The United States secretary of housing and urban development is the head of the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development, a member of the Cabinet of the United States, and thirteenth in the presidential line of succession. The post was created with the formation of the Department of Housing and Urban Development on September 9, 1965, by President Lyndon B. Johnson's signing of The Department of Housing and Urban Development Act into law. The department's mission is "to increase homeownership, support community development and increase access to affordable housing free from discrimination."

The secretary of housing and urban development is a Level I position in the Executive Schedule, thus earning a salary of US$246,400, as of January 2024.

The current secretary of housing and urban development is Scott Turner, who was sworn in on February 5, 2025.
Sosti, Elis
Sosti (Greek: Σώστι) is a community in the municipal unit of Amaliada, Elis, Greece. It is situated in a rural plain, south of the river Pineios. It is 2 km southwest of Avgeio, 2 km east of Roupaki, 4 km northwest of Chavari, 5 km southeast of Tragano and 8 km north of Amaliada.

Tragano
Tragano (Greek, Modern: Τραγανό, Ancient/Katharevousa: -on) is a town and a former municipality in Elis, West Greece, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Pineios, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 41.475 km2. Tragano is situated in a flat, rural area, north of the river Pineios. It is 2 km east of Stafidokampos, 4 km east of Andravida, 3 km north of Agia Mavra, 5 km northwest of Avgeio and 8 km northeast of Gastouni. It is 2 km southeast of the Andravida Air Base.
Raffaella Laezza
Raffaella Laezza (born 16 January 1961 in Bruneck) is an Italian architect, architectural theorist, essayist and academic whose work explores the deep relationship between natural systems and architectural design. She is known for developing the concept of Eco-Generative Architecture, a methodological approach integrating ecological processes, circular-economy principles, and carbon-neutral strategies into architectural practice. She conceives the architecture as a spiritual art (of building).

Salone del Mobile
Salone del Mobile or Milan Design Week (Italian: Salone Internazionale del Mobile di Milano, but more commonly Salone del Mobile) is a furniture fair held annually in Milan. It is the largest trade fair of its kind in the world. The exhibition showcases the latest in furniture and design from countries around the world. It is considered a leading venue for the display of new products by designers of furniture, lighting and other home furnishings. The show, also known as "Salone", "Milano Salone" and "Milan Design Week", is held every year, usually in April, in the FieraMilano complex in the Milan metropolitan area town of Rho. Besides the Salone, in April every odd year Euroluce exhibition takes place and every even year EuroCucina and the International Bathroom Exhibition are held along the Milan Furniture Fair.
Reilly formula
In the mathematical field of Riemannian geometry, the Reilly formula is an important identity, discovered by Robert Reilly in 1977. It says that, given a smooth Riemannian manifold-with-boundary (M, g) and a smooth function u on M, one has

in which h is the second fundamental form of the boundary of M, H is its mean curvature, and ν is its unit normal vector. This is often used in combination with the observation

with the consequence that

This is particularly useful since one can now make use of the solvability of the Dirichlet problem for the Laplacian to make useful choices for u. Applications include eigenvalue estimates in spectral geometry and the study of submanifolds of constant mean curvature.

Mean curvature
In mathematics, the mean curvature  of a surface  is an extrinsic measure of curvature that comes from differential geometry and that locally describes the curvature of an embedded surface in some ambient space such as Euclidean space.

The concept was used by Sophie Germain in her work on elasticity theory, published 1831. Jean Baptiste Marie Meusnier used it in 1776, in his studies of minimal surfaces. It is important in the analysis of minimal surfaces, which have mean curvature zero, and in the analysis of physical interfaces between fluids (such as soap films) which, for example, have constant mean curvature in static flows, by the Young–Laplace equation.
Marie de Lorraine, Duchess of Guise
Marie de Lorraine (15 August 1615 – 3 March 1688) was the daughter of Charles de Lorraine, Duke of Guise and Henriette Catherine de Joyeuse and the last member of the House of Guise, a branch of the House of Lorraine.

House of Lorraine
The House of Lorraine (German: Haus Lothringen) originated as a cadet branch of the House of Metz. It inherited the Duchy of Lorraine in 1473 after the death without a male heir of Nicholas I, Duke of Lorraine. By the marriage of Francis of Lorraine to Maria Theresa of Austria in 1736, and with the success in the ensuing War of the Austrian Succession (1740–1748), the House of Lorraine was joined to the House of Habsburg and became known as the House of Habsburg-Lorraine (German: Haus Habsburg-Lothringen). Francis, his sons Joseph II and Leopold II, and his grandson Francis II were the last four Holy Roman emperors from 1745 until the dissolution of the empire in 1806. The House of Habsburg-Lorraine inherited the Habsburg Empire, ruling the Austrian Empire and then Austria-Hungary until the dissolution of the monarchy in 1918.

Although its senior agnates are the dukes of Hohenberg, the house is currently headed by Karl von Habsburg (born 1961), grandson of the last emperor Charles I.