hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Apple (programming language)
Apple is a PL/I dialect programming language created by General Motors Research Laboratories for their Control Data Corporation STAR-100 supercomputer.

Apple is a subset of full PL/I, but has been extended to integrate with the Associative Programming Language (APL – not to be confused with APL (programming language) ): p.9 : p.92

APL (programming language)
APL (named after the book A Programming Language) is a programming language developed in the 1960s by Kenneth E. Iverson. Its central datatype is the multidimensional array. It uses a large range of special graphic symbols to represent most functions and operators, leading to very concise code. It has been an important influence on the development of concept modeling, spreadsheets, functional programming, and computer math packages. It has also inspired several other programming languages.
NGC 839
NGC 839 is a lenticular galaxy located in the constellation Cetus. It was discovered November 28, 1785 in a sky survey by Wilhelm Herschel. It is one of the galaxies that are part of the quadruplet family HGC 16, along with the unbarred lenticular galaxy NGC 838.

NGC 839 is a luminous infrared galaxy (LIRG) that shows signs of high amounts of star formation; therefore, it is also classified as a starburst galaxy. It is similar in appearance to Messier 82, suggesting a similar formation history.

Starburst galaxy
A starburst galaxy is one undergoing an exceptionally high rate of star formation, as compared to the long-term average rate of star formation in the galaxy, or the star formation rate observed in most other galaxies.

For example, the star formation rate of the Milky Way galaxy is approximately 3 M☉/yr, while starburst galaxies can experience star formation rates of 100 M☉/yr or more. While many main-sequence galaxies use up their molecular gas reservoir in 1-2 Gyr, the high rate of star formation in starbursts can deplete all of their star-forming material in scales of 0.1 Gyr - much shorter than the age of the galaxy. As such, the starburst nature of a galaxy is a phase, and one that typically occupies a brief period of a galaxy's evolution. The majority of starburst galaxies are in the midst of a merger or close encounter with another galaxy. Starburst galaxies include M82, NGC 4038/NGC 4039 (the Antennae Galaxies), and IC 10.
Berzelia
Berzelia is a genus consisting of 12 species of upright, wiry-stemmed, evergreen shrubs from Cape Provinces in South Africa.

The genus was first published and described in Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) vol.8 on page 370 in 1826.

Cape Provinces
The Cape Provinces of South Africa is a biogeographical area used in the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD). It is part of the WGSRPD region 27 Southern Africa. The area has the code "CPP". It includes the South African provinces of the Eastern Cape, the Northern Cape and the Western Cape, together making up most of the former Cape Province.

The area includes the Cape Floristic Region, the smallest of the six recognised floral kingdoms of the world, an area of extraordinarily high diversity and endemism, home to more than 9,000 vascular plant species, of which 69 percent are endemic.
Wes Carroll (baseball)
Wesley Clint Carroll (born January 5, 1979) is an American college baseball coach, currently serving as head coach of the Evansville Purple Aces baseball team.  He has held that position since the 2009 season.  He played at Evansville, becoming the Purple Aces' first ever Freshman All-American.  He then went on to a minor league career, reaching Triple-A and playing in spring training games with his brother Jamey Carroll.  He then became an assistant coach with the Purple Aces for three seasons before ascending to the top job.

American Baseball Coaches Association
The American Baseball Coaches Association (ABCA) is the world’s largest amateur baseball coaching organization and a leading professional association for baseball coaches across all levels of the sport. Founded in 1945, the ABCA represents over 15,000 members from all 50 U.S. states and more than 40 countries worldwide, encompassing coaches from youth, high school, junior college, NAIA, and NCAA divisions.

The ABCA advances the profession of coaching through education, advocacy, resources, and community building. It organizes the annual ABCA Convention, which is recognized as the world’s largest baseball convention, and supports year-round coaching education through clinics, publications, webinars and digital resources.
Acton Green, London
Acton Green is a residential neighbourhood in Chiswick and the London Borough of Ealing, in West London, England. It is named for the nearby Acton Green common. It was once home to many small laundries and was accordingly known as "Soapsuds Island".

St Michael and All Angels, Bedford Park
St Michael and All Angels is a Grade II* listed Church of England parish church in Bedford Park, Chiswick. It was designed by the architect Norman Shaw, who built some of the houses in that area. The church was consecrated in 1880. It is constructed in what has been described both as British Queen Anne Revival style and as Perpendicular Gothic style modified with English domestic features. Its services are Anglo-Catholic.
Mount Kershaw
Mount Kershaw (67°32′S 66°58′W﻿ / ﻿67.533°S 66.967°W﻿ / -67.533; -66.967) is a mountain, 1,180 metres (3,870 ft) high, rising above Jones Ice Shelf and Kosiba Wall in the northeast end of Blaiklock Island, off the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee after Giles E.G. Kershaw (1948–1990), a British Antarctic Survey senior pilot, 1974–79, and pilot on the Transglobe Expedition, 1980–82, and other expeditions. He was killed in a flying accident on Jones Ice Shelf, March 5, 1990, and his remains now rest near the foot of this mountain.

Kosiba Wall
Kosiba Wall (67°31′S 66°55′W﻿ / ﻿67.517°S 66.917°W﻿ / -67.517; -66.917) is a cliff face rising to 1,180 metres (3,870 ft) at the northeastern end of Blaiklock Island, off the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee following British Antarctic Survey geological work in the area, 1980–81.

The cliff was named after Polish climatologist and glaciologist Aleksander Kosiba, who was Professor of Meteorology and Climatology, University of Wrocław, 1945–71, leader of the first Polish expedition to Greenland, 1937, and of Polish glaciological expeditions to Svalbard, 1957–60.
1820 United States presidential election in Maine
The 1820 United States presidential election in Maine took place between November 1 to December 6, 1820, as part of the 1820 United States presidential election. The state's popular vote chose nine representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

Maine voted in its first ever United States presidential election, having become the 23rd state by splitting off Massachusetts on March 15 of the same year. The state cast its nine electoral votes for the Democratic Republican candidate and incumbent president James Monroe, who won the state by a margin of 91.56%.

Effectively, the 1820 presidential election was an election with no campaign, since there was no serious opposition to Monroe and Tompkins. In fact, Monroe won all the electoral votes, barring one from neighboring New Hampshire, which was cast for Secretary of State John Quincy Adams.

1820 United States presidential election in New Hampshire
The 1820 United States presidential election in New Hampshire took place between November 1 and December 6, 1820, as part of the 1820 United States presidential election.

During this election, the Democratic-Republican Party was the only major national party, and its candidate of choice was James Monroe, the current president. New Hampshire's eight electors were chosen by voters statewide, and all of them voted for James Monroe and his running mate, Vice President Daniel D. Tompkins, except for one who gave his electoral votes to John Quincy Adams and Richard Rush.
Kuangqu, Yangquan
Kuangqu (simplified Chinese: 矿区; traditional Chinese: 礦區; pinyin: Kuàngqū; lit. 'mining district') is a district of Yangquan, Shanxi province, China. As of 2002, it has a population of 220,000 residing in an area of 10 km2 (3.9 sq mi).

Yangquan
Yangquan (simplified Chinese: 阳泉; traditional Chinese: 陽泉; pinyin: Yángquán [jǎŋtɕʰyǎn]) is a prefecture-level city in the east of Shanxi province, People's Republic of China, bordering Hebei province to the east. Known as "Rippling Spring" in ancient times, it lies on the eastern edge of the Loess Plateau and the western side of the Taihang Mountains. Yangquan occupies a total area of 4,452 square kilometres (1,719 sq mi). According to the 2020 census, Yangquan had a population of 1,318,505, of which 1,037,456 lived in the built-up (or metro) area consists of 3 urban districts plus Pingding County. Yangquan is a new industrial city in Shanxi province. It belongs to the warm temperate semi-humid continental monsoon climate zone. Yangquan City covers two counties and three districts.
Powerscourt siding
Powerscourt is a closed railway siding located 5 km (3 mi) east of Maffra, on the Maffra railway line in Victoria, Australia. It was 223 km (139 mi) from Southern Cross station. The siding was used to load sugar beet.

Maffra
Maffra is a town in Victoria, Australia, 220 kilometres (140 mi) east of Melbourne. It is in the Shire of Wellington local government area and it is the second most populous city of the Shire. It relies mainly on dairy farming and other agriculture, and was the site of one of Murray Goulburn Co-operative's eight processing plants in Victoria. Maffra is a detour off the Princes Highway and is near Sale, Stratford, Newry, Tinamba, Heyfield and Rosedale. At the 2016 census, Maffra had a population of 4,316.
Peroxidase
Peroxidases or peroxide reductases (EC number 1.11.1.x) are a large group of enzymes which play a role in various biological processes. They are named after the fact that they commonly break up peroxides, and should not be confused with other enzymes that produce peroxide, which are often oxidases.

Horseradish peroxidase
The enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP), found in the roots of horseradish, is  used extensively in biochemistry applications. It is a metalloenzyme with many isoforms, of which the most studied type is C. It catalyzes the oxidation of various organic substrates by hydrogen peroxide.
Adryan
Adryan Oliveira Tavares (born 10 August 1994), or simply Adryan, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder.

Adryan began his career with Flamengo, with loan spells at Cagliari, Leeds United and Nantes. Other clubs he has played for include Sion, Kayserispor, Avai and Brescia.

He has also represented Brazil at various age groups up to under-20.

2011 FIFA U-17 World Cup
The 2011 FIFA U-17 World Cup was the 14th edition of the FIFA U-17 World Cup, the biennial international men's youth football championship contested by the under-17 national teams of the member associations of FIFA. It was hosted by Mexico from 18 June to 10 July 2011. Mexico won the tournament after defeating Uruguay 2–0 in the final, claiming the country's second title. Mexico also became the first host nation to win the FIFA U-17 World Cup.

Players born after 1 January 1994 could participate in this tournament.
Rapencross Lokeren
The Rapencross Lokeren race is a cyclo-cross race held in Lokeren, Belgium. The race for professional elite riders has been held since 2018. The race is held in Park ter Beuken near the city center of Lokeren and on the banks of Durme. The literal translation of the local name of the race is Turnip cyclo-cross race; turnip root is present on the flag and the coat of arms of Lokeren.

The first 3 editions in 2018, 2020 and 2021 were part of the Exact Cross series. 
In 2023 there was no Rapencross, instead the Belgian National Cyclo-cross Championships were organized in this venue.

The 2024 race was part of the X²O Badkamers Trophy.

Belgian National Cyclo-cross Championships
The Belgian National Cyclo-cross Championships were first held in 1910, and have been held annually since 1921 (with a break in 1940 due to World War II) by the Royal Belgian Cycling Federation (KBWB/RLVB). Races are run for elite men, elite women, under 23 men, junior (under 18) men, juvenile men, various masters (amateur over 30) categories and by other organisations catering for veteran riders.
Allod
Allod, deriving from Frankish alōd meaning "full ownership" (from al "full, whole" and ōd "property, possession"; Medieval Latin allod or allodium), also known as allodial land was, in medieval and early modern European feudal law, a form of property ownership where the owner had full and absolute title. The allodial landowner, also known as an allodiary or hereditary lord, had the right to alienate the property, which was almost always land, a city plot, or an estate, and owed no feudal duties to any other person in respect of it.

Vassal
A vassal or liege subject is a person regarded as having a mutual obligation to a lord or monarch, in the context of the feudal system in medieval Europe and elsewhere. While the subordinate party is called a vassal, the dominant party is called a suzerain. The rights and obligations of a vassal are called vassalage, while the rights and obligations of a suzerain are called suzerainty.
The obligations of a vassal often included military support by knights in exchange for certain privileges, usually including land held as a tenant or fief.

In contrast, fealty (fidelitas) is sworn, unconditional loyalty to a monarch.
Good to Go (toll collection system)
Good to Go, stylized as GoodToGo!, is the electronic toll collection program managed by the Washington State Department of Transportation on all current toll and future projects in the U.S. state of Washington. Regular Good to Go customers may set up an account from which tolls are automically deducted. Vehicles that are not linked to an account are photographed and a toll bill is sent to the registered owner by U.S. mail (at a higher toll rate).

The system debuted in July 2007 on the eastbound span of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge and has since expanded to include high-occupancy toll (HOT) lanes on State Route 167 and Interstate 405, as well as the Evergreen Point Floating Bridge on State Route 520, and the State Route 99 tunnel in Seattle. The Good to Go program is similar to other electronic tolling around the country such as FasTrak in California and E-ZPass in the eastern United States.

E-ZPass
E-ZPass Interagency Group (E-ZPass Group trade name and E-ZPass product brand) is an electronic toll collection system used on toll roads, toll bridges, and toll tunnels in the eastern half of the United States. The group itself is composed of several states' member agencies, which share the same technology and allow travelers to use the same transponder on toll facilities throughout the network. It was created in 1987, since which time several states' compatible systems have rebranded to E-ZPass. Negotiations for nationwide interoperability are ongoing.
Castelnuovo di Garfagnana
Castelnuovo di Garfagnana is a town and comune (municipality) in the province of Lucca, Tuscany, central Italy. It is located in the historical region of Garfagnana, at the confluence of the Serchio and the Turrite Secca rivers, close to the intersection of roads passing through the Apennine Mountains and the Apuan Alps.

The local economy is based mainly on the production of cereals and on the chemical and textile industries.

Republic of Lucca
The Republic of Lucca (Italian: Repubblica di Lucca) was a medieval and early modern state that was centered on the Italian city of Lucca in Tuscany, which lasted from 1160 to 1805.

Its territory extended beyond the city of Lucca, reaching the surrounding countryside in the north-western part of today's Tuscany region, to the borders with Emilia-Romagna and Liguria.

The Republic of Lucca remained independent until 1799. Later the state continued to exist but was, de facto, dependent upon Napoleonic France, and ceased officially its existence in 1805, when it was transformed in the Principality of Lucca and Piombino.
2017 The Citadel Bulldogs football team
The 2017 The Citadel Bulldogs football team represented The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina in the 2017 NCAA Division I FCS football season. The Bulldogs were led by second-year head coach Brent Thompson and played their home games at Johnson Hagood Stadium. They were members of the Southern Conference. They finished the season 5–6, 3–5 in SoCon play to finish in a tie for sixth place.

Johnson Hagood Stadium
Johnson Hagood Stadium is an 11,500-seat football stadium, the home field of The Citadel Bulldogs football team, in Charleston, South Carolina, United States. The stadium is named in honor of Brigadier General Johnson Hagood, CSA, class of 1847, who commanded Confederate forces in Charleston during the Civil War and later served as Comptroller and Governor of South Carolina.
Rajang Mangroves National Park
Rajang Mangroves National Park (Malay: Taman Negara Rajang Mangroves) is a designated wetland area situated along the lower reaches of the Rajang River in Sarawak. It encompasses extensive mangrove swamps that provide critical habitat for a range of species, including estuarine crocodiles, proboscis monkeys, and various migratory birds. The park plays a role in maintaining the ecological balance of the coastal and riverine environment in this part of Borneo.

Proboscis monkey
The proboscis monkey or long-nosed monkey (Nasalis larvatus) is an arboreal Old World monkey with an unusually large nose (or proboscis), a reddish-brown skin color and a long tail. It is endemic to the Southeast Asian island of Borneo and is found mostly in mangrove forests and on the coastal areas of the island.

This species co-exists with the Bornean orangutan and monkeys such as the silvery lutung. It belongs in the monotypic genus Nasalis.
Seoul Land
Seoul Land (Korean: 서울랜드) is an amusement park opened in 1988, in Gwacheon, a city in Gyeonggi-do province, South Korea. Located in the Seoul Grand Park complex, it opened just before the 1988 Summer Olympics. It has about 40 rides, including roller coasters and movie theaters. Seasonal festivals are held in the park. It is smaller than Everland, but closer to Seoul, about one hour away from downtown Seoul. Approximately 3–3.5 million people visit the park each a year. Roughly a third of its 300,000 m2 is green space, the rest being packed with attractions.

Pirate ship (ride)
A pirate ship is a type of amusement ride based on pirate ships, consisting of an open, seated gondola (usually in the style of a pirate ship) which swings back and forth, subjecting the rider to various levels of angular momentum. A variant where the riders must pull on ropes to swing the ride is known as a swing boat.

The first known predecessor of the ride was invented by Charles Albert Marshall of Tulsa, Oklahoma between 1893 and 1897. This ride was originally called "The Ocean Wave".

The Ocean Wave was first used in the Marshall Bros Circus in 1897. The circus was run by Charles and his brothers Mike, Will, Ed, Tim, friends, and family.
Choyce Point
Choyce Point (67°42′S 65°23′W﻿ / ﻿67.700°S 65.383°W﻿ / -67.700; -65.383) is a headland 3 nautical miles (6 km) southwest of Tent Nunatak on the east coast of Graham Land. A rocky bluff rises behind the point as viewed from Larsen Ice Shelf to which the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) in 1947 applied the name Cape Choyce. The name was amended to Choyce Point in 1975 and reapplied to this point which is of geological significance and rises 230 metres (750 ft) above the ice shelf. It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee for M.A. Choyce, FIDS meteorologist at Hope Bay, 1947.

Tent Nunatak
Tent Nunatak (67°36′S 65°21′W﻿ / ﻿67.600°S 65.350°W﻿ / -67.600; -65.350) is a conspicuous pyramidal nunatak marking the south limit of Whirlwind Inlet on the east coast of Graham Land. First seen and photographed from the air by the United States Antarctic Service (USAS), in 1940, and described as a "distinctive tentshaped rock nunatak." It was charted by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) in 1947.
Rocketboy
Rocketboy was an American Christian rock band formed in Covington, Georgia, in 1993. Commonly categorized simply as Christian rock, Rocketboy's musical style was heavily influenced by a hodge-podge of mainstream artists such as Nirvana, Pearl Jam, R.E.M., Jimmy Buffett and Vigilantes of Love.

The band initially performed under the name "The Pain" (also known as "Cain's Pain"). After signing a record contract with R.E.X. Records in 1995, the name "Rocketboy" was formally adopted.

Third Day
Third Day is a Christian rock band formed in Marietta, Georgia in 1991. The band was founded by lead singer Mac Powell, guitarist Mark Lee (the only constant members) and Billy Wilkins. The band's name is a reference to the biblical accounts of the resurrection of Jesus on the third day following his crucifixion. The band was inducted into the Georgia Music Hall of Fame on September 19, 2009. They have sold over 7 million albums in the United States and had 28 number one Christian album chart radio hits. Their fans are known as "Gomers" after a song on their second album about Gomer. Though they dissolved in 2018 following a farewell tour, they reunited in 2025 for a limited 30th anniversary tour to take place in 2026.
Sewell Cutting
Sewell Cutting is a 3.6-hectare (8.9-acre) nature reserve at Sewell in Houghton Regis in Bedfordshire. It is owned by Central Bedfordshire Council and managed by the Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire.

The site was formerly part of the London North West Railway line, which closed in 1962. The banks provide a rich habitat for chalk grassland flowers, such as common spotted orchids and cowslips. The south-facing slope has deep rooted plants such as hawkweed and scabious, while the sheltered north-facing slope has lush grasses. There are many species of butterflies.

There is access from French's Avenue, and a footpath from the Cutting leads to Totternhoe Chalk Quarry Site of Special Scientific Interest.

Central Bedfordshire Council
Central Bedfordshire Council is the local authority for Central Bedfordshire, a local government district in the ceremonial county of Bedfordshire, England. The council is a unitary authority, being a district council which also performs the functions of a county council. It has been under no overall control since 2023, being run by an independent-led administration. The council is based at Chicksands.
Sørli Church
Sørli Church (Norwegian: Sørli kirke; local pronunciation: Søli-kjærsja)  is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Lierne Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located in the village of Mebygda. It is the church for the Sørli parish which is part of the Namdal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nidaros. The red, wooden, Neo-Gothic church was built in a long church style in 1873 using plans drawn up by the architect Carl Julius Bergstrøm. The church seats 250 about people.

Mebygda
Mebygda is a village in Lierne Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The village is located on the southeast shore of the lake Lenglingen. It is located only 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) west of the border with Sweden and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southeast of the municipal centre of Sandvika. The village was the administrative centre of the old Sørli Municipality which existed from 1915 until its dissolution in 1964. And is currently the inofficial centre of Lierne's southern district, ecompassing the local kindergarten, school (1st to 10th grade), grocery store and post office. Mebygda lies 5 km east of the village Devika, where the Sørli church is located.