hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Natural filtration
In the theory of stochastic processes in mathematics and statistics, the generated filtration or natural filtration  associated to a stochastic process is a filtration associated to the process which records its "past behaviour" at each time. It is in a sense the simplest filtration available for studying the given process: all information concerning the process, and only that information, is available in the natural filtration.

Bernoulli process
In probability and statistics, a Bernoulli process (named after Jacob Bernoulli) is a finite or infinite sequence of binary random variables, so it is a discrete-time stochastic process that takes only two values, canonically 0 and 1. The component Bernoulli variables Xi are identically distributed and independent.  Prosaically, a Bernoulli process is a repeated coin flipping, possibly with an unfair coin (but with consistent unfairness).  Every variable Xi in the sequence is associated with a Bernoulli trial or experiment. They all have the same Bernoulli distribution. Much of what can be said about the Bernoulli process can also be generalized to more than two outcomes (such as the process for a six-sided die); this generalization is known as the Bernoulli scheme.

The problem of determining the process, given only a limited sample of Bernoulli trials, may be called the problem of checking whether a coin is fair.
Deleveraging
At the micro-economic level, deleveraging refers to the reduction of the leverage ratio, or the percentage of debt in the balance sheet of a single economic entity, such as a household or a firm. It is the opposite of leveraging, which is the practice of borrowing money to acquire assets and multiply gains and losses.

At the macro-economic level, deleveraging of an economy refers to the simultaneous reduction of debt levels in multiple sectors, including private sectors and the government sector. It is usually measured as a decline of the total debt to GDP ratio in the national accounts. The deleveraging of an economy following a financial crisis has significant macro-economic consequences and is often associated with severe recessions.

Credit crunch
A credit crunch (a credit squeeze, credit tightening or credit crisis) is a sudden reduction in the general availability of loans (or credit) or a sudden tightening of the conditions required to obtain a loan from banks. A credit crunch generally involves a reduction in the availability of credit independent of a rise in official interest rates. In such situations, the relationship between credit availability and interest rates changes. Credit becomes less available at any given official interest rate, or there ceases to be a clear relationship between interest rates and credit availability (i.e. credit rationing occurs). Many times, a credit crunch is accompanied by a flight to quality by lenders and investors, as they seek less risky investments, often at the expense of small to medium size enterprises.
2026 Tallahassee mayoral election
The 2026 Tallahassee mayoral election will take place on August 18, 2026 to elect the next mayor of Tallahassee with a runoff election on November 3, 2026, if no candidate receives a majority of the vote. Incumbent Mayor John E. Dailey, who was first elected in 2018, has announced he will  not seek  re-election.

2018 Tallahassee mayoral election
The 2018 Tallahassee mayoral election took place on August 28 and November 6, 2018, to elect the mayor of Tallahassee, Florida.

Incumbent mayor Andrew Gillum decided to focus his campaign on the 2018 Florida gubernatorial election instead of seeking re-election which opened up a new seat for the mayor's office. A blanket primary was held on August 28 with both John E. Dailey and Dustin R. Daniels receiving the most votes. Because neither candidate received a majority, a run-off election was held on November 8. From there,  Dailey defeated Daniels by a close margin of 51% to 49%.
Mentuemhat
Mentuemhat or Montuemhat (c. 700 BCE – c. 650 BCE) was a rich and powerful Theban official from ancient Egypt who lived during the Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt and Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt. He was the Fourth Priest of Amun in Thebes.

He is known from many statues and was buried in tomb TT34 of the Theban Necropolis.

Neues Museum
The Neues Museum (German pronunciation: [ˈnɔʏəs muˈzeːʊm], New Museum) is a listed building on the Museum Island  of Berlin. Built from 1843 to 1855 by order of King Frederick William IV of Prussia in Neoclassical and Renaissance Revival styles, it is considered as the major work of Friedrich August Stüler. After suffering damage in World War II and decay in East Germany, it was restored from 1999 to 2009 by David Chipperfield. Currently, the Neues Museum is home to the Egyptian Museum (Ägyptisches Museum), the Papyrus Museum (Berlin Papyrus Collection), the Museum for Pre- and Early History
(Museum für Vor- und Frühgeschichte) and parts of the Antikensammlung. As part of the Museum Island complex, the museum was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1999 because of its outstanding architecture and testimony to the evolution of museums as a cultural phenomenon.
Jammerbergia
Jammerbergia is an extinct genus of mastodonsauroid temnospondyl within the family Mastodonsauridae. The only species is Jammerbergia formops, named in 2003 from the Cynognathus Assemblage Zone of South Africa.

Mastodonsauroidea
The Mastodonsauroidea are an extinct superfamily of temnospondyl amphibians known from the Triassic.  Fossils belonging to this superfamily have been found in North America, Greenland, Europe, Asia, and Australia. Ferganobatrachus from the Jurassic of Asia was initially assigned to this superfamily, but is now considered to be congeneric with the brachyopid Gobiops.
Oregon's 38th House district
District 38 of the Oregon House of Representatives is one of 60 House districts in the state of Oregon. As of 2021, the district boundaries include portions of Clackamas and Multnomah counties. The district includes most of Lake Oswego, parts of Tigard and Durham, and the South Waterfront neighborhood of South Portland. The current representative for the district is Democrat Daniel Nguyen of Lake Oswego.

Clackamas County, Oregon
Clackamas County (/ˈklækəməs/ ⓘ CLAK-ə-məss) is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2020 census, the population was 421,401, making it Oregon's third-most populous county. Its county seat is Oregon City. The county was named after the native people living in the area at the time of the coming of Europeans, the Clackamas people, who are part of the Chinookan peoples.

Clackamas County is part of the Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is in the Willamette Valley.
Zainal Rashid Mu'adzam Shah II of Kedah
Paduka Sri Sultan Zainal Rashid Mu'adzam Shah II ibni Almarhum Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Mukarram Shah (Jawi: ڤدوك سري سلطان زين الراشد معظم شاه ٢ ابن المرحوم سلطان أحمد تاج الدين مكرم شاه; 4 September 1857 – 22 September 1881) was the 25th Sultan of Kedah and reigned from 1879 to 1881. He was the son of Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Mukarram Shah with Wan Tan binti Almarhum Luang Nik Abidin. He married Tengku Mariam binti Almarhum Tengku Ziauddin and had a daughter, Tengku Aishah.

Tengku Aishah married the Sultan of Langkat, Sultan Abdul Aziz Abdul Djalil Rahmat Shah.

He was poisoned and died during detention in Ligor, Nakhon Si Thammarat on 22 September 1881 and was succeeded by his half-brother as, Sultan Abdul Hamid Halim.

Abdul Hamid Halim of Kedah
Abdul Hamid Halim Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Mukarram Shah KCMG (Jawi: ڤدوك سري سلطان سر عبد الحميد حليم شاه ابن المرحوم سلطان أحمد تاج الدين مكرم شاه; 4 June 1864 – 13 May 1943) or Chao Phraya Ritthisongkhram Ramphakdi Si Sunlatan (Hamid) (Thai: เจ้าพระยาฤทธิสงครามรามภักดีศรีสุลต่าน (ฮามิด)) was the 26th sultan of Kedah and reigned from 1881 to 1943.
Rubus maniseesensis
Rubus maniseesensis a rare North American species of brambles in the rose family. It has been found only in the State of Rhode Island in the northeastern United States.

The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species. There are many rare species with limited ranges such as this. Further study is suggested to clarify the taxonomy.

Rubus
Rubus is a large and diverse genus of flowering plants in the rose family, Rosaceae, subfamily Rosoideae, most commonly known as brambles. Fruits of various species are known as raspberries, blackberries, dewberries, and bristleberries. It is a diverse genus, with the estimated number of Rubus species varying from 250 to over 1000, found across all continents except Antarctica.

Most of these plants have woody stems with prickles like roses; spines, bristles, and gland-tipped hairs are also common in the genus. The Rubus fruit, sometimes called a bramble fruit, is an aggregate of drupelets. The term cane fruit or cane berry applies to any Rubus species or hybrid which is commonly grown with supports such as wires or canes, including raspberries, blackberries, and hybrids such as loganberry, boysenberry, marionberry and tayberry. The stems of such plants are also referred to as canes.
Adriano (footballer, born 1984)
Adriano Correia Claro (born 26 October 1984), known simply as Adriano, is a Brazilian former professional footballer. One of few players in professional football who are genuinely ambidextrous, he was capable of playing as a full-back or midfielder on both sides of the pitch.

After starting his career with Coritiba, he moved to Spain in 2005, going on to spend several seasons in La Liga with Sevilla and Barcelona and win several major titles with both clubs, including the treble with the latter in 2015.

A Brazilian international for ten years, Adriano represented his country in two Copa América tournaments, winning the 2004 edition.

2005–06 UEFA Cup
The 2005–06 UEFA Cup,  the 35th edition of the UEFA Cup, was won by Sevilla, beating Middlesbrough in the final. It was the first victory for Sevilla in a European competition, and the first appearance by Middlesbrough in a European final. The final took place at Philips Stadion, in Eindhoven, Netherlands. The match was refereed by Herbert Fandel. Middlesbrough sealed their place in the final on the back of two dramatic comebacks. In the quarter-finals they beat FC Basel of Switzerland 4–3 on aggregate (after losing the first leg 2–0 and being 1–0 down in the second leg, they scored 4 goals), this put them into the semi-final to face Steaua București. The first leg finished 1–0 to Steaua, and the second leg (at the Riverside Stadium again) finished 4–2 (after being 2–0 down). Sevilla went on to defend the trophy the following year.

CSKA Moscow were the defending champions, but were eliminated in the group stage.
Doris Lo
Doris Lo (Chinese: 盧素娟, Pinyin: Lú Sùjuān; 20 July 1952 – 22 July 2006) was a Hong Kong voice actress who was best known for voicing the character Nobita Nobi for the Hong Kong version of the anime along with Lam Pou-chuen who voices the character Doraemon.

Lo died at the age of 54 from colorectal cancer at Shatin Hospital in Hong Kong.

Lam Pou-chuen
Lam Pou-chuen (Chinese: 林保全; pinyin: Lín Bǎoquán; 10 October 1951 – 2 January 2015) was a Hong Kong voice actor who was best known for voicing the character Doraemon for the Hong Kong version of the anime for over thirty years in addition to being the Cantonese voice of Sammo Hung in many of his dubbed blockbusters.
Mudgala
Mudgala (Sanskrit: मुद्गल, romanized: Mudgala), sometimes also rendered Maudgalya (Sanskrit: मौद्गल्य, romanized: Maudgalya), is a rishi (sage) in Hinduism. Leading a life of poverty and piety, he is regarded to have mastered the attainment of the state of nirvana. The Maudgalya Brahmanas claim their descent from this sage.

Vyasa
Vyasa (/ˈvjɑːsə/; Sanskrit: व्यास, lit. 'compiler, arranger', IAST: Vyāsa) is a rishi (sage) with a prominent role in most Hindu traditions. He is also known as Veda Vyasa (Sanskrit: वेदव्यास, lit. 'the one who classified the Vedas', IAST: Vedavyāsa) or Krishna Dvaipayana (Sanskrit: कृष्णद्वैपायन, IAST: Kṛṣṇadvaipāyana). Traditionally regarded as the author of the epic Mahābhārata, Vyasa also plays a prominent role as a character. He is also regarded by the Hindu traditions to be the compiler of the mantras of the Vedas into four texts, as well as the author of the eighteen Purāṇas and the Brahma Sutras.

Vyasa is regarded by many Hindus as a partial incarnation (Sanskrit: अंशावतार, IAST: Aṃśāvatāra) of Vishnu. He is one of the immortals called the Chiranjivis, held by adherents to still be alive in the current age known as the Kali Yuga.
Mont Xalibu
Mount Xalibu is a mountain located in the unorganized territory of Mont-Albert, in Quebec. Culminating at 1,120 metres (3,670 ft) above sea level, it is one of the highest peaks in the Notre Dame Mountains. It is located in Gaspésie National Park.

Notre Dame Mountains
The Notre Dame Mountains are a portion of the Appalachian Mountains, extending from the Gaspé Peninsula of Quebec to the Green Mountains of Vermont.

The range runs from northeast to southwest, forming the southern edge of the St. Lawrence River valley, and following the Canada–United States border between Quebec and Maine. The mountainous New Brunswick "panhandle" is located in the Notre Dame range as well as the uppermost reaches of the Connecticut River valley in New Hampshire.

As the mountains are geologically old, they have eroded to an average height of around 600 m (2,000 ft).
Desulfovibrio arcticus
Desulfovibrio arcticus  is a Gram-negative, psychrotolerant, sulfate-reducing and motile bacterium from the genus of Desulfovibrio with a single polar flagellum which has been isolated from water from permafrost from the Barents Sea.

Desulfovibrio
Desulfovibrio is a genus of Gram-negative sulfate-reducing bacteria. Desulfovibrio species are commonly found in aquatic environments with high levels of organic material, as well as in water-logged soils, and form major community members of extreme oligotrophic habitats such as deep granitic fractured rock aquifers. They're also found in the guts of beetles, such as Melolontha melolontha, where they perform sulfate reduction.

High amounts of Desulfovibrio bacteria have been associated with inflammatory bowel disease, bacteremia infections, and Parkinson's disease.

Some Desulfovibrio species have in recent years been shown to have bioremediation potential for toxic radionuclides such as uranium by a reductive bioaccumulation process, such as converting highly water-soluble U(VI) to relatively insoluble U(IV) precipitate, thus removing the toxic uranium from contaminated water.
Mark 1
Mark 1 is the first chapter of the Gospel of Mark in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It recounts the proclamation of John the Baptist, the baptism of Jesus Christ, his temptations and the beginning of his ministry in Galilee.

Disciple (Christianity)
In Christianity, a disciple is a dedicated follower of Jesus. This term is found in the New Testament only in the Gospels and Acts. Originating in the ancient Near East, the concept of a disciple is an adherent of a teacher. Discipleship is not the same as being a student in the modern sense; a disciple in the ancient biblical world actively imitated both the life and teaching of the master. It was a deliberate apprenticeship which made the fully formed disciple a living copy of the master.

The New Testament records many followers of Jesus during his ministry. Some disciples were given a mission, such as the Little Commission, the commission of the seventy in Luke's Gospel, the Great Commission after the resurrection of Jesus, or the conversion of Paul, making them apostles, charged with proclaiming the gospel (the Good News) to the world. Jesus emphasised that being his disciples would be costly.
Shield Nunatak
Shield Nunatak (74°33′S 164°30′E﻿ / ﻿74.550°S 164.500°E﻿ / -74.550; 164.500) is a prominent nunatak standing at the east side of the terminus of Campbell Glacier on the north shore of Terra Nova Bay, Victoria Land. This feature, a multiple volcanic cone, was so named by the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition (NZGSAE), 1965–66, because it looks like an old Viking shield.

Shield Nunatak is described as a basalt tuya in the Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science.

Terra Nova Bay
Terra Nova Bay (74°50′0″S 164°30′0″E﻿ / ﻿74.83333°S 164.50000°E﻿ / -74.83333; 164.50000) is a bay which is often ice free, about 40 nautical miles (74 km; 46 mi) long, lying between Cape Washington and the Drygalski Ice Tongue along the coast of Victoria Land, Antarctica. It was discovered by the British National Antarctic Expedition (known as the Discovery Expedition) under Robert Falcon Scott, 1901–1904, and named by him after Terra Nova, one of the relief ships for the expedition.

The Italian permanent Zucchelli Station is located in the bay, as is the Jang Bogo Station of South Korea.  The Chinese Qinling Station on Inexpressible Island, opened in 2024, is their fifth station in Antarctica.
1975–76 Minnesota Golden Gophers men's ice hockey season
The 1975–76 Minnesota Golden Gophers men's ice hockey team represented the University of Minnesota in college ice hockey. In its 4th year under head coach Herb Brooks the team compiled a 28–14–2 record and reached the NCAA tournament for the third consecutive year and seventh all-time. The Golden Gophers defeated Michigan Tech 6–4 in the championship game at the DU Arena in Denver, Colorado to win their second national championship.

Michigan Tech Huskies men's ice hockey
The Michigan Tech Huskies men's ice hockey team is an NCAA Division I college ice hockey program that represents Michigan Technological University. The Huskies are a member of the Central Collegiate Hockey Association (CCHA). They play at the MacInnes Student Ice Arena in Houghton, Michigan.

The Huskies host and compete in the annual Great Lakes Invitational held in December of each year. The four-team tournament was played for the 50th year in 2014.
KCKM
KCKM (1330 AM, Kickin Country) is a radio station broadcasting a classic country music format. Licensed to Monahans, Texas, United States. The station is currently owned by Kickin' Country Broadcasting, L.L.C.

Monahans, Texas
Monahans is a city in Ward and Winkler counties in Texas, United States, that is the county seat of Ward County. A very small portion of the city extends into Winkler County. The population was 6,953 at the 2010 census. In 2020, the population was estimated at 7,836.
Doug Altman
Douglas Graham Altman FMedSci (12 July 1948 – 3 June 2018) was an English statistician best known for his work on improving the reliability and reporting of medical research and for highly cited papers on statistical methodology. He was professor of statistics in medicine at the University of Oxford, founder and Director of Centre for Statistics in Medicine and Cancer Research UK Medical Statistics Group, and co-founder of the international Equator Network for health research reliability.

Royal Statistical Society
The Royal Statistical Society (RSS) is an established statistical society. It has three main roles: a British learned society for statistics, a professional body for statisticians and a charity which promotes statistics for the public good.
2016 West Virginia Secretary of State election
The 2016 West Virginia Secretary of State election was held on November 8, 2016, to elect the West Virginia Secretary of State, concurrently with the 2016 U.S. presidential election, as well as elections for the U.S. House of Representatives, governor, and other state and local elections. Primary elections were held on May 10, 2016.

Incumbent Democratic secretary of state Natalie Tennant ran for re-election to a third term in office, but lost to Republican attorney and veteran Mac Warner. In 2020, a rematch between the two candidates occurred, with Warner expanding his margin of victory significantly.

2020 West Virginia Secretary of State election
The 2020 West Virginia Secretary of State election was held on November 3, 2020, to elect the Secretary of State of West Virginia. It was held concurrently with the 2020 U.S. presidential election, along with elections to the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives, as well as various state and local elections. Incumbent Republican Secretary of State Mac Warner won re-election to a second term by a much larger margin than expected.
Lei Ting curse charm
Lei Ting curse charms (traditional Chinese: 符咒錢; simplified Chinese: 符咒钱; pinyin: fú zhòu qián), or Lôi Đình curse charms, are a type of Chinese and Vietnamese numismatic charms. These charms can be described as a talismanic coin as they are often based on Chinese cash coins but can also have round holes instead of square ones and may also be shaped like gourd charms.

Lei Ting curse charms contain inscriptions that request the Taoist God of Thunder Leigong to expel evil spirits and maleficent bogies through a magical spell incantation which usually calls upon Leigong by claiming that the inscription is in fact an order from Laozi himself. In some cases these coin charms request that Leigong should act "with the speed of the law" - “急急如律令.”

Talisman
A talisman is any object ascribed with religious or magical powers intended to protect, heal, or harm individuals for whom they are made. Talismans are often portable objects carried on someone in a variety of ways, but can also be installed permanently in architecture. Talismans are closely linked with amulets, fulfilling many of the same roles, but a key difference is in their functions. An amulet protects a person or possession against evil forces while a talisman provides good fortune.

Talismans have been used in many civilizations throughout history, with connections to astrological, scientific, and religious practices; but the theory around preparation and use has changed in some cultures with more recent, new age, talismanic theory. Talismans are used for a wide array of functions, such as: the personal protection of the wearer, loved ones or belongings, aiding in fertility, and helping crop production.
Hispanics and Latinos in Colorado
Hispanic and Latino Coloradans are residents of the state of Colorado who are of Hispanic or Latino ancestry. As of 2020, Hispanics and Latinos of any race made up 21% of the state's population, or 1,269,520 of the state's 5,770,545 residents.

Conejos County, Colorado
Conejos County (Spanish for "rabbits") is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 7,461. The county seat is the unincorporated community of Conejos. Being 50.7% Hispanic in 2020, Conejos was Colorado's largest Hispanic-majority county.
Raymond Hoser
Raymond Terrence Hoser (born 1962) is an Australian snake-catcher and author.

Hoser's work on herpetology is controversial, including his advocacy of the surgical alteration of captive snakes to remove their venom glands and his self-published herpetological taxonomy, which has been described as "taxonomic vandalism".

Supreme Court of Victoria
The Supreme Court of Victoria is the highest court in the Australian state of Victoria. Founded in 1852, it is a superior court of common law and equity, with unlimited and inherent jurisdiction within the state.

The Supreme Court comprises two divisions: the Trial Division, which oversees its original jurisdiction, and the Court of Appeal, which deals with its appellate jurisdiction, and is frequently referred to as a court in its own right. Although the Supreme Court is theoretically vested with unlimited jurisdiction, it generally only hears, at trial, criminal cases in instances of murder, manslaughter or treason, and civil cases where the statement of claim is in excess of the Magistrates' Court limit of $100,000.

The court hears appeals from the County Court, as well as limited appeals from the Magistrates' Court. Decisions of the Supreme Court are appealable to the High Court of Australia.

The building itself is on the Victorian Heritage Register.