hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Carrier-sense multiple access with collision avoidance
Carrier-sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) in computer networking, is a link layer multiple access method in which carrier sensing is used. Under CSMA/CA, nodes attempt to avoid collisions by beginning transmission only after the channel is sensed to have no traffic. When they do transmit, nodes transmit frames in their entirety.

This technique is primarily used in wireless networks, where the alternative with collision detection CSMA/CD is not possible due to wireless transmitters that cannot effectively detect other transmissions while they themselves are transmitting.

CSMA/CA is unreliable due to the hidden node problem.

Local area network
A local area network (LAN) is a computer network that interconnects computers within a limited area such as a residence, campus, or building, and has its network equipment and interconnects locally managed. LANs facilitate the distribution of data and sharing network devices, such as printers.

The LAN contrasts the wide area network (WAN), which not only covers a larger geographic distance, but also generally involves leased telecommunication circuits or Internet links. An even greater contrast is the Internet, which is a system of globally connected business and personal computers.

Ethernet and Wi-Fi are the two most common technologies used for local area networks; historical network technologies include ARCNET, Token Ring, and LocalTalk.
Walkerjet Simon
The Walkerjet Simon is a family of Czech paramotor designs that were designed by Victor Procházka and produced by Walkerjet of Třemošná for powered paragliding. Now out of production, when they were available the aircraft were supplied complete and ready-to-fly.

Powered paragliding
Powered paragliding, also known as paramotoring or PPG, is a form of ultralight aviation where the pilot wears a back-pack motor (a paramotor) which provides enough thrust to take off using a paraglider. It can be launched in still air, and on level ground, by the pilot alone—no assistance is required.
Roosevelt High School (Washington, D.C.)
Theodore Roosevelt High School is a public high school operated by the District of Columbia Public Schools in the Petworth neighborhood of Ward 4 neighborhood of Northwest Washington, D.C. Roosevelt enrolls 698 students (2017–2018) in ninth through 12th grade. Additionally, the high school is also home to Roosevelt S.T.A.Y. program, an alternative academic and career/technical program that leads to a high school diploma or vocational certificate.

The high school, located at 13th and Upshur Streets NW, was built in 1932 to accommodate 1,200 students. Just before the 2016–2017 academic year, it completed a $121 million, two-year facility modernization. During the renovation period, classes were conducted at the MacFarland Middle School campus nearby at 4400 Iowa Avenue, NW.  The school campus has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

District of Columbia Public Schools
The District of Columbia Public Schools (DCPS) is the local public school system for the District of Columbia, in the United States. It is distinct from the District of Columbia Public Charter Schools (DCPCS), which governs public charter schools in the district.
Perrinitidae
Perrinitidae is one of three families of the Shumarditoidea superfamily. They are an extinct group of ammonoid, which are shelled cephalopods related to squids, belemnites, octopuses, and cuttlefish, and more distantly to the nautiloids.

Shumarditoidea
Shumarditoidea is one of seventeen superfamilies of the Goniatitina suborder. They are an extinct group of ammonoid, which are shelled cephalopods related to squids, belemnites, octopuses, and cuttlefish, and more distantly to the nautiloids.
Plakophilin-2
Plakophilin-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PKP2 gene. Plakophilin 2 is expressed in skin and cardiac muscle, where it functions to link cadherins to intermediate filaments in the cytoskeleton. In cardiac muscle, plakophilin-2 is found in desmosome structures located within intercalated discs. Mutations in PKP2 have been shown to be causal in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy.

Plakoglobin
Plakoglobin, also known as junction plakoglobin or gamma-catenin, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the JUP gene. Plakoglobin is a member of the catenin protein family and homologous to β-catenin. Plakoglobin is a cytoplasmic component of desmosomes and adherens junctions structures located within intercalated discs of cardiac muscle that function to anchor sarcomeres and join adjacent cells in cardiac muscle. Mutations in plakoglobin are associated with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia.
Voiced retroflex affricate
A voiced retroflex sibilant affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɖ͡ʐ ⟩ or ⟨d̠͡ʐ ⟩, often simplified to ⟨dʐ ⟩. There is also a ligature ⟨ꭦ ⟩, which has been retired by the International Phonetic Association but is still used.

A laminal variant occurs in Polish dż, and apical variants in the Indo-Aryan languages.

Subapical consonant
A subapical consonant is a consonant made by contact with the underside of the tip of the tongue. The only common subapical articulations are in the postalveolar to palatal region, which are called "retroflex".

Most so-called retroflex consonants are more properly called apical. True subapical retroflexes are found in the Dravidian languages of Southern India.

Occasionally, the term "sublaminal" is used for "subapical", which might be better used for sounds pronounced between the underside of the tongue and the floor of the mouth, such as sucking-teeth and the slapped clicks of Sandawe.
Tetrabromo-o-xylene
α,α,α',α'-Tetrabromo-o-xylene is an organobromine compound with the formula C6H4(CHBr2)2.  Three isomers of α,α,α',α'-Tetrabromoxylene exist, but the ortho derivative is most widely studied.  It is an off-white solid.  The compound is prepared by the photochemical reaction of o-xylene with elemental bromine:

C6H4(CH3)2 + 4 Br2 → C6H4(CHBr2)2 + 4 HBr

Reaction of α,α,α',α'-tetrabromo-o-xylene with sodium iodide affords α,α'-dibromo-o-xylylene, which can be trapped with dienophiles to give naphthylene. In the absence of trapping agents, the xylylene relaxes to α,α'-dibromobenzocyclobutane:

C6H4(CHBr2)2 + 2 NaI → C6H4(=CHBr)2 + 2 NaBr + I2

C6H4(=CHBr)2 → C6H4(CHBr)2

Cycloadditions of these xylylenes provides a pathway to acenes.

Organobromine chemistry
Organobromine chemistry is the study of the synthesis and properties of organobromine compounds, also called organobromides, which are organic compounds that contain carbon bonded to bromine. The most pervasive is the naturally produced bromomethane.

One prominent application of synthetic organobromine compounds is the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers as fire-retardants, and in fact fire-retardant manufacture is currently the major industrial use of the element bromine.

A variety of minor organobromine compounds are found in nature, but none are biosynthesized or required by mammals. Organobromine compounds have fallen under increased scrutiny for their environmental impact.
Ateneo de Zamboanga University
The Ateneo de Zamboanga University (Filipino: Pamantasang Ateneo de Zamboanga), also referred to by its acronym AdZU, is a private, Catholic, co-educational, basic and higher education institution in Zamboanga City, Philippines. Founded in 1912 by Spanish Jesuits as an all-boys parochial school of the Immaculate Conception parish, it is the second oldest Jesuit-administered institution in the Philippines.

Archdiocese of Zamboanga
The Archdiocese of Zamboanga (Latin name: Archidiocesis Zamboangensis) is a Catholic archdiocese in the Philippines. Its present jurisdiction includes Zamboanga City, with suffragans in Basilan (Territorial Prelature of Isabela), Zamboanga Sibugay (Diocese of Ipil), and the Apostolic Vicariate of Jolo. It became Mindanao's first diocese in 1910, and was established as the second archdiocese of Mindanao in 1958. Today, the archdiocese covers a land area of 1,648 square kilometers and has a population of 442,345, of which 81 percent are Catholics. The archdiocese includes 28 parishes and one quasi-parish, served by 57 diocesan and 18 religious priests. There are also 51 religious sisters working in the archdiocese.
Hennock
Hennock is a village and civil parish about 3 miles west north west of Chudleigh, in the Teignbridge district, in the county of Devon, England. In 2011 the parish had a population of 1747. The parish touches Bovey Tracey, Kingsteignton, Christow, Chudleigh and Trusham.

Teignbridge
Teignbridge (/ˈtiːnbrɪdʒ/ TEEN-brij) is a local government district in Devon, England. Its council is based in the town of Newton Abbot. The district also includes the towns of Ashburton, Buckfastleigh, Dawlish, Bovey Tracey, Kingsteignton and Teignmouth, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. Teignbridge contains part of the south Devon coastline, including the Dawlish Warren National Nature Reserve. Some of the inland western parts of the district lie within the Dartmoor National Park. It is named after the old Teignbridge hundred.

The neighbouring districts are Torbay, South Hams, West Devon, Mid Devon, East Devon and Exeter.
Washington Heights (Tokyo)
Washington Heights was a United States Armed Forces housing complex located in Shibuya, Tokyo, during the occupation of Japan by Allied forces.  Constructed in 1946, it remained in operation until 1964, by which point all land had been returned to Japanese control.  Today, the site encompasses Yoyogi Park, Yoyogi National Gymnasium, the NHK Broadcasting Center, and other facilities.  This installation has a marker for the first powered flight in Japan.

NHK Broadcasting Center
The NHK Broadcasting Center (NHK放送センター, Enueichikei Hōsō Sentā), the headquarters of NHK, is located in Jinnan, Shibuya, Tokyo, Japan. It includes studios and offices, as well as shops and Studio Park, which is a popular attraction for schoolchildren and tourists.

Located within the same complex is the NHK Hall, in which performances are regularly held and often televised.

The center also hosts offices of international broadcasters, including KBS of South Korea, China Central Television, the Public Broadcasting Service, and the Australian Broadcasting Corporation.

A number of NHK-related companies have offices at buildings in nearby streets.

The center also houses the NHK Metropolitan Bureau which handles the main Kanto region feeds of NHK's radio and television services.
Nabua
Nabua, officially the Municipality of Nabua (Rinconada Bikol: Banwāan ka Nabua; Tagalog: Bayan ng Nabua), is a municipality in the province of Camarines Sur, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 86,458 people.

The town is recognized as the birthplace of modern kuntaw and jota rojana. The municipality is also known for its large coconut plantations, which support its local agriculture and economy. It is recognized as the mother town of Iriga City, Buhi, Bato, Balatan, Bula, and Baao.

Pili, Camarines Sur
Pili, officially the Municipality of Pili (Central Bikol: Banwaan kan Pili, Rinconada Bikol: Banwaan ka Pili, Tagalog: Bayan ng Pili) is a municipality and capital of the province of Camarines Sur, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 101,668 people.

It is widely known for its pili nuts, a local product associated with Bicolano culture, used in food products such as candied pili, pili tarts, and pili butter.
Scandinavian mile
A Scandinavian mile (Norwegian and Swedish: mil, [miːl], Finnish: peninkulma) is a unit of length common in Norway and Sweden, to a lesser extent in Finland, but not Denmark. Today, it is standardised as 1 mil being 10 kilometres (6.2 miles), but it had different values in the past.

The word is derived from the same Roman source as the English mile. In Norway and Sweden, the international mile is formally called "English mile" (engelsk mil), although it is sometimes just referred to by the English word mile. However, in situations where confusion may arise it is more common for Scandinavians to describe distances in terms of the official SI unit kilometre.

This modern definition of 10 kilometres (km) is equivalent to the obsolete myriametre, which was once used in France.

Fathom
A fathom is a unit of length in the imperial and U.S. customary systems equal to 6 feet (1.8288 m), used especially for measuring the depth of water. The fathom is neither an international standard (SI) unit, nor an internationally accepted non-SI unit. Historically, it was the maritime measure of depth in the English-speaking world but, apart from within the US, charts now use metres.

There are two yards (6 feet) in an imperial fathom. Originally the span of a man's outstretched arms, the size of a fathom has varied slightly depending on whether it was defined as a thousandth of an (Admiralty) nautical mile or as a multiple of the imperial yard. Formerly, the term was used for any of several units of length varying around 5–5+1⁄2 feet (1.5–1.7 m).
Gazumbo Island
Gazumbo Island is a tidal islet off the eastern coast of Penang Island in the Malaysian state of Penang. It is situated at the Penang Strait, north of the Penang Bridge and east of The Light Waterfront township.

Penang Island
Penang Island is the main constituent island of the Malaysian state of Penang. It is located off the western coast of Peninsular Malaysia by the Malacca Strait, with the Penang Strait separating the island from Seberang Perai on the mainland. The 295 km2 (114 sq mi) island makes up approximately 28% of Penang's total land mass and is home to about 45% of the state's population as of 2020. The entire island falls under the city of George Town, which also administers the surrounding islets.
Spanish Movie
Spanish Movie is a 2009 Spanish parody film directed by Javier Ruiz Caldera and written by Paco Cabezas. The film was conceived as a Spanish version of the spoof films that were appearing at the time, continuing the trend begun by the Scary Movie franchise.

The production parodies several successful Spanish horror/drama films including: The Others, The Orphanage, Alatriste, Open Your Eyes, Mondays in the Sun, Volver, The Sea Inside, Pan's Labyrinth and REC. It features a cameo by Leslie Nielsen in his last theatrical film appearance.

Production started on 23 February 2009 in Barcelona and the film was released in cinemas on 4 December of that year.

Rec (film)
Rec (stylized as [•REC]; short for "record") is a 2007 Spanish found footage zombie horror film co-written and directed by Jaume Balagueró and Paco Plaza. The film stars Manuela Velasco as television reporter Ángela Vidal, who and her cameraman accompany firefighters on a late-night call to an apartment building in Barcelona, where an outbreak prompts authorities to seal the building and place its occupants under quarantine.

Rec was released on 23 November 2007 to critical and commercial success. It has appeared on lists and retrospectives covering found-footage and horror cinema.

The film spawned the Rec film series, which includes three sequels: Rec 2 (2009), Rec 3: Genesis (2012), and Rec 4: Apocalypse (2014). An American remake, Quarantine, was released in 2008, followed by Quarantine 2: Terminal (2011).
National Volunteers
The National Volunteers were the majority faction of the Irish Volunteers that sided with Irish Parliamentary Party leader John Redmond after the movement split over the question of the Volunteers' role in World War I.

Kitchener's Army
The New Army, often referred to as Kitchener's Army or, disparagingly, as Kitchener's Mob,
was an (initially) all-volunteer portion of the British Army formed in the United Kingdom from 1914 onwards following the outbreak of hostilities in the First World War in late July 1914. It originated on the recommendation of Herbert Kitchener, then the Secretary of State for War to obtain 500,000 volunteers for the Army. Kitchener's original intention was that these men would be formed into units that would be ready to be put into action in mid-1916, but circumstances dictated the use of these troops before then. The first use in a major action of Kitchener's Army units came at the Battle of Loos (September–October 1915).
Santiago Apostol, Orihuela
Santiago Apostol is a 15th-century Roman Catholic church in the town of Orihuela in the Valencian Community, Spain.

Construction of the church in Valencian Gothic style began in the 15th century. The façade was added in Renaissance style, and the interiors have Baroque decoration.

Valencian Gothic
Valencian Gothic (Valencian: Gòtic valencià; Spanish: Gótico valenciano) is an architectural style. It occurred under the Kingdom of Valencia between the 13th and 15th centuries, which places it at the end of the European Gothic period and at the beginning of the Renaissance. The term "Valencian Gothic" is confined to the Kingdom of Valencia and its area of influence, which has its own characteristics.
Gerrie Labuschagné
Gerhardus Jacobus Labuschagné (born 5 December 1995) is a South African rugby union player who plays for the Houston SaberCats in Major League Rugby (MLR). He previously played for Yamaha Júbilo in the Japanese Top League. He is a utility back that can play as a fullback, centre, wing or fly-half.

Eastern Province Elephants
The Eastern Province Elephants (Afrikaans: Oostelike Provinsie Olifante), known as the Multisure Eastern Province Elephants for sponsorship reasons, are a South African rugby union team that participates in the annual Currie Cup and Rugby Challenge competitions. They are governed by the Eastern Province Rugby Union (EPRU or EP Rugby). The team represents the Western half of the Eastern Cape province, and they play their home games at the Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium in Port Elizabeth.

In February 2018, the EPRU announced that the name of the team would revert to Eastern Province Elephants for the 2018 season.
Patamea
Patamea is a village on the island of Savai'i in Samoa. While most villages on Savai'i are situated near the sea, Patamea is situated inland, away from the coast. The village is in the Gaga'emauga political district near the central north coast of the island. The population is 649.

Heading north west on the main road from Salelologa township and ferry terminal, the turnoff to Patamea is just before Samalaeʻulu village at a T-junction of the road. Turning left (south west direction) at the junction is the road to Patamea, which lies 2 km from the main road. The road is tar sealed to the village.

Samalaeʻulu
Samalaeʻulu is a village on the northeast side of Savaiʻi island in Samoa. The village is situated on the main island highway about a 40-minutes drive north west from Salelologa ferry terminal and township and is part of the electoral constituency (Faipule District) of Gaga'emauga 1. The population is 1,054, making it one of the more populous villages in Savai'i.

The villages name sa malae ulu means "this place used to be dominated by breadfruit trees". During the volcanic eruption of Mt Matavanu (1905 - 1911), lava flowed between Samalae'ulu and Saleaula to the west, forcing villagers to move from the coast to its present inland location.
1998 Outback Bowl
The 1998 Outback Bowl featured the Georgia Bulldogs and the Wisconsin Badgers. It was the 12th edition of the Outback Bowl

Georgia scored first on a 2-yard touchdown run from running back Robert Edwards, giving Georgia an early 6–0 lead. Edwards later scored on a 40-yard touchdown run, but the ensuing two-point conversion attempt failed, making the score 12–0.

In the second quarter, Olandis Gary scored on a 3-yard touchdown run, increasing Georgia's lead to 19–0. In the third quarter, Robert Edwards ran for his third touchdown run of the game, on a 13-yard run.

In the fourth quarter, quarterback Mike Bobo fired a 7-yard touchdown strike to tight end Jere Brower, making the score 33–0. Bobo was later named MVP of the game, after connecting on 26 of 28 passes for 267 yards. Wisconsin scored its only points of the game on a 12-yard touchdown pass from quarterback Scott Kavanagh to tight end Dague Retzlaff.

ReliaQuest Bowl
The ReliaQuest Bowl is an annual college football bowl game played in Tampa, Florida. The event was known as the Hall of Fame Bowl from 1986 to 1995 and the Outback Bowl from 1996 to 2022. It was held at Tampa Stadium from 1986 until 1999, when it moved to then-new Raymond James Stadium. The bowl has been played on New Year's Day for most of its history, often the first game to kick off on a day that is traditionally filled with post-season college football.
Aviation Beauport
Aviation Beauport (Gama Aviation (Beauport) Limited) is a Jersey-based aviation company offering private aircraft charter, aircraft management, hangarage and handling services. The company is the only executive jet charter company in the Channel Islands to hold an Air Operators Certificate (AOC), and is the only fixed-base operator (FBO) in Jersey.

Cessna Citation Excel
The Cessna Citation Excel is an American midsize business jet in the Cessna Citation family.
Announced in October 1994, the Model 560XL first flew on February 29, 1996, certification was granted in April 1998, and over 1,000 have been delivered.

The 2,100 nmi-range (3,900 km), 20,200 lb (9,200 kg) MTOW jet is powered by two 3,650–4,080 lbf (16.2–18.1 kN) PW545 turbofans, has the cruciform tail and unswept supercritical wing of the Citation V (560), and a slightly shortened Citation X stand-up cabin.

The XLS 2004 update had upgraded engines and a glass cockpit and the 2008 XLS+ had upgraded engines and a revised nose. The Citation Ascend, which entered service in 2025, has interior, communications and avionics updates, a flat cabin floor, and enlarged windows.
Euctemon
Euctemon (Greek: Εὐκτήμων, gen. Εὐκτήμονος; fl. 432 BC) was an Athenian astronomer. He was a contemporary and collaborator of Meton, who developed the 19-year Metonic cycle, which synchronises 235 lunar months with 19 solar years to form the basis of ancient Greek calendrical systems.  Little is known of his work apart from his partnership with Meton and what is mentioned by Ptolemy. With Meton, he made a series of observations of the solstices (the time or date (twice each year) at which the sun reaches its maximum or minimum declination, marked by the longest and shortest days (about 21 June and 22 December) in order to determine the length of the tropical year). Geminus and Ptolemy quote him as a source on the rising and setting of the stars. Pausanias's Description of Greece names Damon and Philogenes as the children of Euctemon.

The lunar crater Euctemon is named after him.

Geminus
Geminus of Rhodes (Greek: Γεμῖνος ὁ Ῥόδιος), was a Greek astronomer and mathematician, who flourished in the 1st century BC. An astronomy work of his, the Introduction to the Phenomena, still survives; it was intended as an introductory astronomy book for students. He also wrote a work on mathematics, of which only fragments quoted by later authors survive.