hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cigarette (1/3)
Cigarette is a public artwork by United States artist Tony Smith, located on the grounds of the Albright Knox Art Gallery in Buffalo, NY.  The work is a minimalist piece of environmental sculpture created by  in 1961. The sculpture is over 15 feet tall and made of flat planes of steel in a twisted form.  This is the first in an edition of three (with one artists proof); no. 2 is at MOMA in New York.

A small scale version of the work is in the collection of the Saint Louis Art Museum.

Tony Smith (sculptor)
Anthony Peter Smith (September 23, 1912 – December 26, 1980) was an American sculptor, painter, architectural designer, and a noted art theorist. As a leading sculptor in the 1960s and 1970s, Smith is often associated with the minimalist art movement.
HD 152408
HD 152408, also known as WR 79a, is a Wolf-Rayet star located in the constellation Scorpius, close to the galactic plane. Its distance is around 1,800 parsecs (6,000 light-years) away from the Earth.

HD 152408 lies in the north of the open cluster NGC 6231, the center of the OB association Scorpius OB1; it is not clear whether it is a part of the association or not. With an apparent magnitude of about 5.8, it is the third brightest Wolf-Rayet star and it can only be seen with the naked eye under excellent viewing conditions. The other Wolf-Rayet stars that can be seen with the naked eye are γ2 Velorum (WR 11), θ Muscae (WR 48), WR 22, WR 24 and HD 151932 (WR 78).

HD 152408 is over 20 times as massive as the Sun.  Like most extremely massive stars, it is losing mass via its stellar wind. The total rate of mass loss is 2.4×10−5 M☉/yr.   With an effective temperature of 35,000 K, its bolometric luminosity is more than 600,000 L☉.

Scorpius
Scorpius is a zodiac constellation located in the Southern celestial hemisphere, where it sits near the center of the Milky Way, between Libra to the west and Sagittarius to the east. Scorpius is an ancient constellation whose recognition predates Greek culture; it is one of the 48 constellations identified by the Greek astronomer Ptolemy in the second century.
Ar-Rum
The Romans (Arabic: الروم, romanized: ’ar-rūm, lit. 'The Romans') is the 30th chapter (sūrah) of the Quran, consisting of 60 verses (āyāt). The term Rūm originated in the word Roman, and during the time of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, it referred to the Eastern Roman Empire; the title is also sometimes translated as "The Greeks" or "The Byzantines".

The surah references the Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628 and specifically the Sasanian conquest of Jerusalem in 614. Both sides of that war would later become military opponents of the early Muslims. Within Muhammad's own lifetime, Muslim and Byzantine forces would clash in the earliest battle of the Arab–Byzantine wars, and the Muslim conquest of Persia led to the downfall of the Sasanian Empire by the middle of the 7th century.

Shirk (Islam)
Shirk (Arabic: شِرْك, lit. 'association') in Islam is a sin often roughly translated as 'idolatry' or 'polytheism', but more accurately meaning 'association [with God]'. It refers to accepting other divinities or powers alongside God as associates. In contrast, Islam teaches that God does not share divine attributes with anyone, as it is disallowed according to the Islamic doctrine of tawhid. The Quran, the central religious text of Islam, states in 4:48 that God will not forgive shirk if one dies without repenting of it.

The one who commits shirk is called a mushrik. The opposite of shirk is tawhid and the opposite of mushrik is muwahhid.
Vaajakoski Baptist Church
The Vaajakoski Baptist Church (also known as the Vaajakoski Baptist Congregation; Finnish: Vaajakosken baptistiseurakunta) is a Finnish Baptist congregation in Jyväskylä, Finland. It belongs to the Finnish Baptist Church and was founded in 1920. As its name refers, the current congregation building is located in the Vaajakoski district of Jyväskylä.

The congregation has approximately 150 baptized members and is one of the strongest congregations of the Finnish Baptist Church together with the congregations of Turku and Tampere.

Tampere Baptist Church
The Tampere Baptist Church (also known as the Tampere Baptist Congregation; Finnish: Tampereen baptistiseurakunta) is a Finnish Baptist congregation in Tampere, Finland. It belongs to the Finnish Baptist Church and was founded in 1890. The current congregation building is located in the Kissanmaa district of Tampere.
Richard of Poitiers
Richard of Poitiers (died c. 1174), also known as Richard of Cluny, was a monk of the Benedictine abbey of Cluny, and author of a small number of historical works (including a universal chronicle), treatises and poems.

Élie Berger
Élie Berger (1850 in Beaucourt – 1925 in Paris) was a French palaeographer and archivist.

Graduated an archivist and palaeographer of the École Nationale des Chartes in 1876, Élie Berger was first a member of the École française de Rome from 1876 to 1880, then a custodian at the Archives nationales of France from 1880 to 1897, when he was elected to the chair of palaeography of the École des Chartes. A Docteur ès lettres in 1895, he was elected a member of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres in 1905.

He was the brother of Philippe Berger and Paul Berger.
Magdeburg-Sudenburg station
Magdeburg-Sudenburg station is the most westerly railway station in Magdeburg, capital city of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, located in the Sudenburg district.

It was opened for passenger and freight traffic in 1872. In 1932, a connecting curve was created between Sudenburg and Buckau stations. An adjacent container station was put into operation in 1967. After the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1990, this was no longer needed. Since 22 June 2003, the station has been controlled by the electronic signal box of the main station. In June/July 2014, extensive track renewal work was carried out.

Magdeburg Hauptbahnhof
Magdeburg Hauptbahnhof (German for Magdeburg main station, sometimes translated as Magdeburg Central Station) is the main railway station in the city of Magdeburg in the northern part of the German state of Saxony-Anhalt.
Copromorpha fossilis
Copromorpha fossilis is an extinct species of moth in the Copromorphidae family. It was described from the Bembridge Marls of the Isle of Wight, a rock formation of Oligocene age, about 35 million years old.

Copromorphidae
Copromorphidae, the "tropical fruitworm moths", is a family of insects in the lepidopteran order. These moths have broad, rounded forewings, and well-camouflaged scale patterns. Unlike Carposinidae the mouthparts include "labial palps" with the second rather than third segment the longest. With other unusual structural characteristics of the caterpillar and adult, it could represent the sister lineage of all other extant members of this superfamily (Dugdale et al., 1999). The genus Sisyroxena from Madagascar is also notable for its unusual venation and wing scale sockets (Dugdale et al., 1999).
V Corps (United States)
V Corps (/ˈviː kɔːr/), formerly known as the Fifth Corps, is a regular corps of the United States Army headquartered at Fort Knox, Kentucky and Camp Kościuszko, Poland.

It previously served during World War I, World War II, the Cold War, Kosovo War, and the war on terrorism.

4th Infantry Division (United States)
The 4th Infantry Division is a division of the United States Army based at Fort Carson, Colorado. It is composed of a division headquarters battalion, three brigade combat teams (two Stryker and one armor), a combat aviation brigade, a division sustainment brigade, and a division artillery.

The 4th Infantry Division's official nickname, "Ivy", is a play on words of the Roman numeral IV or 4. Ivy leaves symbolize tenacity and fidelity which is the basis of the division's motto: "Steadfast and Loyal". The second nickname, "Iron Horse", has been adopted to underscore the speed and power of the division and its soldiers.
Altındağ (İzmir Metro)
Altındağ is a proposed underground station on the M5 Line of the İzmir Metro. It will be located beneath Kamil Tunca Avenue in the southern Bornova. Construction of the station, along with the metro line, is scheduled to begin in 2018.

Altındağ station is expected to open in 2020.

Bornova
Bornova is a municipality and district of İzmir Province, Turkey. Its area is 220 km2, and its population is 454,470 (2022). It is the third largest district in İzmir's metropolitan area and is almost fully urbanized at the rate of 98.6 percent, with correspondingly high levels of development in terms of industries and services. Bornova's center is situated at a distance of 8 km (5 mi) to the northeast of the traditional center of İzmir (Konak Square in Konak, İzmir) and 5 km (3 mi) from the coastline at the tip of the Gulf of İzmir to the west. Bornova district area is surrounded by the district areas of Yunusemre (Manisa Province) and Menemen to the north, Kemalpaşa to the east, Buca to the south, and Konak and Karşıyaka to the west, where the larger part of İzmir's urban area extends. Bornova is home to Ege University's main campus and associated hospital, one of the largest and foremost medical centers in western Turkey.
Nehemiah Magee House
Nehemiah Magee House, located southwest of Mt. Hermon, Louisiana, is a historic house built around 1810 and expanded in the mid-19th century. Initially, as one-room log cabin, it evolved into a large farmhouse and is one of the few remaining log structures of its age in the region.

The house is significant as the home of Nehemiah Magee, a prominent local politician and participant in the 1861 Louisiana secession convention. It has remained in the Magee family, retaining historical features despite alterations. The house's evolution from a simple log cabin to a larger farmhouse showcases the architectural development in the area during the early 19th century.

Louisiana secession
The U.S. state of Louisiana declared that it had seceded from the United States on January 26, 1861. It then announced that it had joined the Confederate States (C.S.); Louisiana was the sixth slave state to declare that it had seceded from the U.S. and joined the C.S.
Entourage Guimard
Entourage Guimard is an art installation and Square-Victoria–OACI station entrance designed by Hector Guimard in Montreal's Victoria Square, in Quebec, Canada.

The cast iron and Comblanchien stone Art Nouveau-style structure was donated by Régie autonome des transports parisiens (RATP), and is owned by Société de transport de Montréal. The structure was installed in Victoria Square in 1967, and restored in 2003.

Victoria Square, Montreal
Victoria Square (officially in French: Square Victoria) is a town square and public space in the Quartier International de Montréal (also called the International Quarter) area of downtown Montreal, Quebec, Canada, at the intersection of Beaver Hall Hill and McGill Street. The Square forms an integral component of the city's urban public transit system and constitutes a 'prestige address' for the international face of the city. It is bordered by Viger Street to the north, Saint Jacques Street to the south, Beaver Hall Hill to the west and Square Victoria Street (an extension of McGill Street) along the eastern side. As with other city squares, Square Victoria is open 24 hours per day to all citizens of Montreal and provides the role of an urban breathing space, with dense foliage to the south that tapers as the square rises up Beaver Hall Hill.
Eutawville Railroad
The Eutawville Railroad was a South Carolina railroad company chartered near the end of the 19th century.  The line was chartered in 1885 by the South Carolina General Assembly.  The line's name was changed to the Charleston, Sumter and Northern Railroad in 1890.  The Atlantic Coast Line Railroad bought the Charleston, Sumter and Northern in October 1894.

Atlantic Coast Line Railroad
The Atlantic Coast Line Railroad (reporting mark ACL) was a United States Class I railroad formed in 1900, though predecessor railroads had used the ACL brand since 1871. In 1967, it merged with long-time rival Seaboard Air Line Railroad to form the Seaboard Coast Line Railroad. Much of the original ACL network has been part of CSX Transportation since 1986.

The Atlantic Coast Line served the Southeast, with a concentration of lines in Florida. Numerous named passenger trains were operated by the railroad for Florida-bound tourists, with the Atlantic Coast Line contributing significantly to Florida's economic development in the first half of the 20th century.

At the end of 1925, ACL operated 4,924 miles of road, not including its flock of subsidiaries; after some merging, mileage at the end of 1960 was 5,570 not including A&WP, CN&L, East Carolina, Georgia, Rockingham, and V&CS. In 1960, ACL reported 10,623 million net ton-miles of revenue freight and 490 million passenger-miles.
Kaamelott: The First Chapter
Kaamelott: The First Chapter, also known as Kaamelott: First Installment (French: Kaamelott : Premier Volet) is a French comedy-drama fantasy film written, directed, produced by and starring Alexandre Astier, and a sequel to the television series Kaamelott created by Astier.

It is the first film of a planned trilogy set to conclude the story of the original series. It was released on 21 July 2021. The second installment will be divided in two parts, with the first one releasing in October 22, 2025.

Excalibur
Excalibur is the mythical sword of King Arthur that may possess magical powers or be associated with the rightful sovereignty of Britain. Its first reliably datable appearance is found in Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae. Excalibur as the "sword in the stone" functioning as the proof of Arthur's lineage is an iconic motif featured throughout most works dealing with Arthur's youth since its introduction in Robert de Boron's Merlin. The sword given to the young Arthur by the Lady of the Lake in the tradition that began soon afterwards with the Post-Vulgate Cycle is not the same weapon, but in Le Morte d'Arthur both of them share the name of Excalibur. Several similar swords and other weapons also appear within Arthurian texts, as well as in other legends.
Abstract m-space
In mathematics, specifically in order theory and functional analysis, an abstract m-space or an AM-space is a Banach lattice  whose norm satisfies  for all x and y in the positive cone of X.

We say that an AM-space X is an AM-space with unit if in addition there exists some u ≥ 0 in X such that the interval [−u, u] := { z ∈ X : −u ≤ z and z ≤ u } is equal to the unit ball of X; 
such an element u is unique and an order unit of X.

Riesz space
In mathematics, a Riesz space, lattice-ordered vector space or vector lattice is a partially ordered vector space where the order structure is a lattice.

Riesz spaces are named after Frigyes Riesz who first defined them in his 1928 paper Sur la décomposition des opérations fonctionelles linéaires.

Riesz spaces have wide-ranging applications. They are important in measure theory, in that important results are special cases of results for Riesz spaces. For example, the Radon–Nikodym theorem follows as a special case of the Freudenthal spectral theorem. Riesz spaces have also seen application in mathematical economics through the work of Greek-American economist and mathematician Charalambos D. Aliprantis.
Opposition (Croatia)
In Croatia, the Opposition (Croatian: Oporba) comprises all political parties represented in the Croatian Parliament that are not part of the Government which is supported by the parliamentary majority.

The Leader of the Opposition (Croatian: Šef oporbe) is an unofficial, seldom used title held by the leader of the largest party with no representatives within the government. Where one party wins outright this is usually the leader of the second largest political party in the Parliament (usually the Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ) or the Social Democratic Party (SDP)).

The current Leader of the Opposition is Siniša Hajdaš Dončić, president of the SDP, who took up the role on 21 September 2024, after winning the elections for the head of the Social Democratic Party.

The Bridge (Croatia)
The Bridge (Croatian: Most), previously known as Bridge of Independent Lists (Croatian: Most nezavisnih lista) until November 2020, is a political party in Croatia founded in 2012 by Božo Petrov, former mayor of Metković, deputy prime minister and speaker of the Croatian Parliament. It is now led by Nikola Grmoja since November 2025. Although the party leaders initially avoided ideological topics, The Bridge underwent a rebranding prior to the 2020 Croatian parliamentary election, establishing itself as a social conservative and soft Eurosceptic party.
Apušrotas, Kėdainiai
Apušrotas ('an aspen forest', formerly Polish: Apuszrotas, Russian: Апушротасъ) is a village in Kėdainiai district municipality, in Kaunas County, in central Lithuania. According to the 2011 census, the village was uninhabited. It is located 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) from Krakės, inside the Krakės-Dotnuva Forest, by the Jaugila river.

At the beginning of the 20th century, there was Apušrotas estate. Later there were two hamlets.

Krakės
Krakės (formerly Krakiai ) is a small town in Kėdainiai district, central Lithuania. It is located on the Smilgaitis River. In the town, there are the Catholic church of St. Matthew the Evangelist (built in 1907), Mikalojus Katkus gymnasium, library, medicine station, St. Catherine women convent, Krakės Agriculture Cooperative with former culture center, swimming pool and shop (built in 1983, architect K. Žalnierius). There is the Vytautas Ulevičius museum of wooden sculptures.

Krakės is on the eastern boundary of the Nevėžis Plain, on the Krakės Ridge (altitude 95–100 meters). Roads go to Betygala, Grinkiškis, Kėdainiai, Bokštai, Gudžiūnai and Josvainiai. The Krakės-Dotnuva Forest is 2–3 km away from the town.
Gujarati Thali
Gujarati Thali (Gujarati: ગુજરાતી થાળી, romanized: Gujarātī Thāḷī) is an assortment of dishes arranged as a platter for lunch or dinner in restaurants and homes, mostly in Gujarat and places with Gujarati diaspora. “Thali” literally means “plate”.

The Gujarati Thali consists of various dishes like ringana methi nu shak, Gujarati khatti mithi daal, undhiyu, bhindi sambhariya], aloo rasila, steamed basmati rice, badshahi khichdi, Chapati, methi na thepla and bhakhri with kachumber salad along with various types of chutney.

Gujarati thali prepared in Gujarati households has at least three fresh vegetable dishes, one dry dal or some sprouted pulses dish (ugaadayla mung, for instance), a wet dal, kadhi, kathor (a savoury), mithai, poori, rotis, steamed rice, chaash and papad.

Kathiawadi Thali is a variation of Gujarati Thali.

Kadhi
Kadhi or karhi is a yogurt-based dish originating from Rajasthan, India. It is made by simmering yogurt with besan (gram flour) and spices until it forms a thick, tangy gravy.  It is sometimes mixed with pakoras (deep-fried fritters). It is often eaten with cooked rice or roti.
Lorenzo de Medrano y Treviño
Lorenzo de Medrano y Treviño (August 10, 1787 – April 11, 1854) was a noble from the House of Medrano, the Spanish Lieutenant Colonel of Engineers, the sole representative of the Spanish Military Corps of Engineers, artilleryman, and brigade sergeant major of the coast of Granada, notable for his extensive military service during the Peninsular War. Medrano played critical roles in several key battles and military engagements, including the defense of the Júcar River crossing, the Battle of the Fields of Tudela, and the sieges of Morella and Sagunto castles. He was particularly distinguished during the "Escape of the Sappers" at the outset of the Peninsular War, leading troops from Alcalá de Henares to Valencia. Lorenzo was the younger brother of the important military leader and liberal politician Diego de Medrano y Treviño.

House of Zúñiga
The House of Zúñiga is a Spanish noble lineage who took their name from their domain. Various members of the family were distinguished in the service of the Spanish crown in Europe and the Americas as viceroys, governors, military, diplomats, writers and members of religious orders. Charles I of Spain in 1530 named two members of the family, the Duke of Béjar and Plasencia and the Count of Miranda del Castañar, among his Immemorial Grandees, while eight members of the family were inducted into the Order of the Golden Fleece.
Theodore Bendix
Theodore Bendix or Theo. Bendix (July 25, 1862 – January 15, 1935) was an American composer, classical violinist, musical director, and opera conductor. He became a professional musician at the age of thirteen and was hired as a conductor for an opera company when he was sixteen. Before he was eighteen, he had written the music for the show, resulting in the hit song  "My Sweetheart".

Bendix worked with numerous theaters and opera companies and was a musical director and composer with Florenz Ziegfeld, Henry Wilson Savage, Klaw and Erlanger. He was the musical director for several Broadway shows, including The Belle of New York, Ben-Hur, and Beauty and the Beast. He also established a music publishing firm, Theo Bendix Music Publishing Co. in New York City. In his time, Bendix was one of the best-known musical directors of popular music.

Arthur Pryor
Arthur Willard Pryor (September 22, 1869 – June 18, 1942) was a trombone virtuoso, bandleader, and soloist with the Sousa Band. He was a prolific composer of band music, his best-known composition being "The Whistler and His Dog". In later life, he became a Democratic Party politician from New Jersey, who served on the Monmouth County Board of Chosen Freeholders during the 1930s.
Crimes and Sacrileges of Nabu-šuma-iškun
The Crimes and Sacrileges of Nabû-šuma-iškun: 222  is an ancient Mesopotamian chronicle extant in a single late-Babylonian copy from Hellenistic Uruk of the library of the exorcist, or āšipu, Anu-ikṣụr. The vitriol levied at the mid-eighth century BCE Babylonian king, Nabû-šuma-iškun, for his acts of sacrilege against cults in Babylon, Borsippa, Kutha, and Uruk, together with the apparent dynastic change following his regime has led to the view that it was originally a literary construct of the reign of Nabû-nāṣir, his immediate successor.

Nabonassar
Nabû-nāṣir (simplified in English as Nabonassar) was the king of Babylon from 747 to 734 BC. He deposed a foreign Chaldean usurper named Nabu-shuma-ishkun, bringing native rule back to Babylon after twenty-three years of Chaldean rule. His reign saw the beginning of a new era characterized by the systematic maintenance of chronologically precise historical records. Both the Babylonian Chronicle and the Ptolemaic Canon begin with his accession to the throne. He was contemporary with the Assyrian kings Aššur-nirarī V (755–745 BC) and Tiglath-Pileser III (745–727 BC), under the latter of whom he became a vassal, and the Elamite kings Humban-Tahrah I (reigned until 743 BC) and Humban-Nikaš I (742–717 BC).: 9–10
Taung Child
The Taung Child (or Taung Baby) is the fossilised skull of a young Australopithecus africanus. It was discovered in Taung, South Africa in 1924 and described as a new species by Raymond Dart in 1925. The skull was one of the first early human fossils to be found in Africa, and the first evidence that humanity originated from the continent.

The Taung skull is in repository at the University of the Witwatersrand. Dean Falk, a specialist in brain evolution, has called it "the most important anthropological fossil of the twentieth century."

Arthur Smith Woodward
Sir Arthur Smith Woodward, FRS (23 May 1864 – 2 September 1944) was an English palaeontologist, known as a world expert in fossil fish. He also described the Piltdown Man fossils, which were later determined to be fraudulent. He is not related to Henry Woodward, whom he replaced as curator of the Geology Department of the British Museum of Natural History.