hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Danish Unitary State
The Danish Unitary State  (Danish: Helstaten; German: Gesammtstaat) was a Danish political designation for the monarchical state formation of Denmark, Schleswig, Holstein, and Saxe-Lauenburg, between the two treaties of Vienna in 1815 and 1864. The usage of the term became relevant after the First Schleswig War, when a need for a constitutional framework for the monarchy was present, which ought to follow the premises of the London Protocol, which prohibited a closer connection between two of the monarchy's possessions. The political designation was ultimately eliminated after The Second Schleswig War and was replaced by the national state in 1866.

Frederick VII of Denmark
Frederick VII (Frederik Carl Christian; 6 October 1808 – 15 November 1863) was King of Denmark from 1848 to 1863. He was the last Danish monarch of the older Royal branch of the House of Oldenburg and the last king of Denmark to rule as an absolute monarch. During his reign, he signed a constitution that established a Danish parliament and made the country a constitutional monarchy. Frederick's motto was Folkets Kærlighed, min Styrke (Danish for the People's Love, my Strength).
2017 Erste Bank Open
The 2017 Erste Bank Open 500 was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 43rd edition of the event, and part of the ATP World Tour 500 Series of the 2017 ATP World Tour. It was held at the Wiener Stadthalle in Vienna, Austria, from 23 October until 29 October 2017. Unseeded Lucas Pouille won the singles title.

2017 ATP World Tour
The 2017 ATP World Tour was the global elite men's professional tennis circuit organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for the 2017 tennis season. The 2017 ATP World Tour calendar comprised the Grand Slam tournaments (supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the ATP World Tour Masters 1000, the ATP Finals, the ATP World Tour 500 series, the ATP World Tour 250 series and the Davis Cup (organized by the ITF). Also included in the 2017 calendar are the Hopman Cup and the Next Gen ATP Finals, which do not distribute ranking points.
Doob's martingale convergence theorems
In mathematics – specifically, in the theory of stochastic processes – Doob's martingale convergence theorems are a collection of results on the limits of supermartingales, named after the American mathematician Joseph L. Doob. Informally, the martingale convergence theorem typically refers to the result that any supermartingale satisfying a certain boundedness condition must converge. One may think of supermartingales as the random variable analogues of non-increasing sequences; from this perspective, the martingale convergence theorem is a random variable analogue of the monotone convergence theorem, which states that any bounded monotone sequence converges. There are symmetric results for submartingales, which are analogous to non-decreasing sequences.

Filtration (probability theory)
In the theory of stochastic processes, a subdiscipline of probability theory, filtrations are totally ordered collections of subsets that are used to model the information that is available at a given point and therefore play an important role in the formalization of random (stochastic) processes.
Creswell Colliery F.C.
Creswell Colliery F.C. was an English association football club which participated in the Midland Football League and the FA Cup. During the 1954/55 season, Creswell Colliery FC successfully reached the 1st round proper of the FA Cup and were drawn to play Football League opposition Accrington Stanley from the Third Division North. After switching the match to Peel Park, a strong following including the colliery brass band travelled to Accrington on 20 November 1954 where, despite scoring, Creswell lost 7–1.

Midland Football League (1889)
The Midland Football League was a semi-professional football league in England. It acted as a feeder league to the Football League for many years before merging with the Yorkshire League in 1982 to form the Northern Counties East League.
Bialosky Bear
Bialosky was a line of teddy bear toys and related children's products popular in the USA during the 1970s and 80s.

The stuffed animals were manufactured by Gund. The bears were created by Alan and Peggy Bialosky. They sold the first bear at a charity flea market in Cleveland, Ohio. In addition to the stuffed animals, Bialosky products included a children's book series.

Teddy bear
A teddy bear, or simply a teddy, is a stuffed toy in the form of a bear. The teddy bear was named by Morris Michtom after the 26th president of the United States, Theodore Roosevelt; it was developed apparently simultaneously in the first decade of the 20th century by two toymakers: Richard Steiff in Germany and Michtom in the United States. It became a popular children's toy, and it has been celebrated in story, song, and film.

Since the creation of the first teddy bears (which sought to imitate the form of real bear cubs), "teddies" have greatly varied in form, style, color, and material. They have become collector's items, with older and rarer teddies appearing at public auctions. Teddy bears are among the most popular gifts for children, and they are often given to adults to signify affection, congratulations, or sympathy.
Monteciccardo
Monteciccardo is a frazione of Pesaro, and former comune,  in the Province of Pesaro e Urbino in the Italian region Marche, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northwest of Ancona and about 14 kilometres (9 mi) southwest of Pesaro. It was a separate comune until 2020.

Monteciccardo borders the following municipalities: Mombaroccio, Montefelcino, Montelabbate, Pesaro, Sant'Angelo in Lizzola, Serrungarina, Urbino.

Urbino
Urbino (UK: /ɜːrˈbiːnoʊ/ ur-BEE-noh, Italian: [urˈbiːno] ⓘ; Romagnol: Urbìn) is a comune (municipality) in the Italian region of Marche, southwest of Pesaro, a World Heritage Site notable for a remarkable historical legacy of independent Renaissance culture, especially under the patronage of Federico da Montefeltro, duke of Urbino from 1444 to 1482.

The town, nestled on a high sloping hillside, retains much of its picturesque medieval aspect. It hosts the University of Urbino, founded in 1506, and is the seat of the Archbishop of Urbino. Its best-known architectural piece is the Palazzo Ducale, rebuilt by Luciano Laurana.
What a Carve Up! (novel)
What a Carve Up! is a satirical novel by Jonathan Coe, published in the UK by Viking Press in April 1994. It was published in the United States by Alfred A Knopf in January 1995 under the title The Winshaw Legacy: or, What a Carve Up!

Viking Press
Viking Press (formally Viking Penguin, also listed as Viking Books) is an American publishing company owned by Penguin Random House. It was founded in New York City on March 1, 1925, by Harold K. Guinzburg and George S. Oppenheimer and then acquired by the Penguin Group in 1975.

The publisher's name and logo, a Viking ship drawn by Rockwell Kent, were chosen as symbols of enterprise, adventure, and exploration in publishing.

Viking Press was sold to Penguin Books in 1975 for $12 million due to the publishing house's monetary difficulties. These were speculated to have been caused by the shrinkage in the juvenile market and Viking Press' lack of a textbook division.
Second Thirty Years' War
"Second Thirty Years' War" is a periodization scheme sometimes used to encompass the wars in Europe from 1914 to 1945.
Just as the Thirty Years' War of 1618 to 1648 was not a single war but a series of conflicts in varied times and locations, later organized and named by historians into a single period, the Second Thirty Years' War has been seen as a "European Civil War", fought over the problem of Germany and exacerbated by the new ideologies of fascism, Nazism and communism that came into power after World War I. The thesis of the Second Thirty Years' War is that World War I naturally led to World War II; in this framework, the latter is the inevitable result of the former, and thus they can be seen as a single conflict. Historians have criticized this thesis on the grounds that it excuses the actions of fascist and Nazi historical actors.

Periodization
In historiography, periodization is the process or study of categorizing the past into discrete, quantified, and named blocks of time for the purpose of study or analysis. This is usually done to understand current and historical processes, and the causality that might have linked those events.

Periodizations can provide a convenient segmentation of time, wherein events within the period might consist of relatively similar characteristics. However, determining the precise beginning and ending of any 'period' is often arbitrary, since it has changed over time and over the course of history. Systems of periodization are more or less arbitrary, yet it provides a framework to help us understand them. Periodizing labels are continually challenged and redefined, but once established, period "brands" are so convenient that many are hard to change.
Selfcaged
Selfcaged is the third EP by Swedish extreme metal band Meshuggah. It was initially recorded as a demo for the upcoming album Destroy Erase Improve but was eventually released in 1995 by Nuclear Blast as a teaser for the next album. Re-recordings of the tracks 1–3 on this EP appear on  Destroy Erase Improve.

The album art, created by artist Alex Grey, features the centerpiece of his work "Deities and Demons Drinking from the Milky Pool".

Destroy Erase Improve
Destroy Erase Improve is the second studio album by Swedish extreme metal band Meshuggah. It was released on 12 May 1995 by Nuclear Blast. This is the first studio album to feature rhythm guitarist Mårten Hagström and the final to feature bassist Peter Nordin, as he left the band during the supporting tour due to vertigo.
Ruiru
Ruiru is a municipality and sub-county in Kiambu County, Kenya. It sits within the greater Nairobi Metropolitan region. According to the 2019 national population census, Ruiru was the 4th largest urban centre in Kenya by population. The name Ruiru is of the Kikuyu origin and possibly relates to the black cotton soil that is found in most parts of Ruiru.

Nairobi Eastern Bypass Highway
The Nairobi Eastern Bypass Highway is a road in Kenya, forming a semi-circle through the south-eastern and north-eastern neighbourhoods of the capital city of Nairobi. The road allows traffic from Mombasa, destined for the central parts of Kenya to bypass downtown Nairobi, thereby reducing traffic congestion in the city's central business district.
Globigerinelloides
Globigerinelloides is an extinct genus of planktonic foraminifera from the Cretaceous, belonging to the family Globigerinelloididae and the suborder Globigerinina. It was first described in 1948. The type taxon is Globigerinelloides algeriana.

Globigerinina
The Globigerinina is a suborder of foraminiferans that are found as marine plankton.  They produce hyaline calcareous tests, and are known as fossils from the Jurassic period onwards.  The group has included more than 100 genera and over 400 species, of which about 30 species are extant.  One of the most important genera is Globigerina; vast areas of the ocean floor are covered with Globigerina ooze (named by Murray and Renard in 1873), dominated by the shells of planktonic forms.
France women at the Rugby World Cup
France women's national rugby union team has played 43 matches in every edition of the Women's Rugby World Cup since its inauguration in 1991. They have placed third in seven of nine tournaments, their worst placing was at the 1998 World Cup in Netherlands where they finished in eighth place.

On 30 June 2011, the then IRB announced that France would be hosting the 2014 Women's Rugby World Cup.

France women's national rugby union team
The France women's national rugby union team represents France in women's international rugby union. They played the first-ever women's rugby union test match against the Netherlands on 13 June 1982. They compete annually in the Women's Six Nations Championship and have placed third in seven of nine Rugby World Cups.
Khomustakh, Namsky Rural Okrug, Verkhnevilyuysky District, Sakha Republic
Khomustakh (Russian: Хомустах; Yakut: Хомустаах, romanized: Xomustaax) is a rural locality (a selo), the only inhabited locality, and the administrative center of Namsky Rural Okrug of Verkhnevilyuysky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, located 15 kilometers (9.3 mi) from Verkhnevilyuysk, the administrative center of the district. Its population as of the 2010 Census was 1,328, up from 1,311 recorded during the 2002 Census.

Verkhnevilyuysk
Verkhnevilyuysk (Russian: Верхневилюйск; Yakut: Үөһээ Бүлүү, Üöhee Bülüü) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Verkhnevilyuysky District of Sakha Republic, Russia. Its population as of the 2010 Census was 6,457, of whom 3,015 were male and 3,442 female, down from 6,555 as recorded during the 2002 Census.
Bukit Batu Lebah Recreational Forest
The Bukit Batu Lebah Recreational Forest (Malay: Hutan Rekreasi Bukit Batu Lebah) is a recreational forest located within the Bukit Senggeh Forest Reserve in Jasin District in the Malaysian state of Malacca. It offers recreational activities such as hiking and caving/cave exploration.

Jasin District
Jasin District, formerly known as Southern District, is one of the three administrative district in Malacca, Malaysia. It borders Tangkak District of Johor to the east, Tampin District of Negeri Sembilan to the north and Alor Gajah District and Melaka Tengah District to the west. The district capital is Jasin Town.
2018 The Hague Open
The 2018 The Hague Open was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 26th edition of The Hague Open and was part of the 2018 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Scheveningen, Netherlands between 16 and 22 July 2018.

The Hague Open
The Hague Open (also formally known for sponsorship reasons as the Siemens Open and the Sport 1 Open) was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor red clay courts. It was part of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour until 2018 when it moved to Amersfoort as the Dutch Open. It was held annually in Scheveningen, Netherlands, since 1993, making it one of the oldest tournaments in the country. In its history, the event featured world-class players including Marat Safin, Marcelo Ríos, David Nalbandian, Nikolay Davydenko, Gaël Monfils and Richard Gasquet. The 26th edition of The Hague Open took place on July 16–22, 2018.
Charles Walker Cathcart
Charles Walker Cathcart, CBE CM FRCS FRCSE (16 March 1853 – 22 February 1932) was a Scottish surgeon who worked for most of his career at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh (RIE). As a young man he had represented Scotland at rugby on three occasions. During the First World War he jointly published an account of the value of sphagnum moss as a wound dressing which led to its widespread use by the British Army for that purpose.

As conservator of the museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh (RCSEd), he enlarged the museum accommodation, expanded the museum collection with the addition of over 1,300 new specimens and a large collection of histological slides. His creation of the first comprehensive catalogue of the museum collection greatly enhanced its value as a teaching and research resource. His textbook A Surgical Handbook, written jointly with Francis Caird and first published in 1889, became a best seller running to 19 editions by 1921.

Surgeons' Hall
Surgeons' Hall in Edinburgh, Scotland, is the headquarters of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh (RCSEd). It houses the Surgeons' Hall Museum, and the library and archive of the RCSEd. The present Surgeons' Hall was designed by William Henry Playfair and completed in 1832, and is a category A listed building.

Surgeons' Hall Museum is the major medical museum in Scotland, and one of Edinburgh's many tourist attractions. The museum is recognised as a collection of national significance by the Scottish Government.

The museum reopened in September 2015, after being closed for an eighteen-month period of redevelopment.
Pavel Astakhov
Pavel Alekseyevich Astakhov (Russian: Па́вел Алексе́евич Аста́хов; born 8 September 1966) is a Russian politician, lawyer and television personality.

On 30 December 2009 Dmitry Medvedev appointed Astakhov to the position of the Children's Rights Commissioner for the President of the Russian Federation (children's ombudsman). He resigned in September 2016 after facing severe criticism due to his comments on the death of 14 children in a shipwreck.

He has the federal state civilian service rank of 1st class Active State Councillor of the Russian Federation.

Adoption
Adoption is a process whereby a person assumes the parenting of another, usually a child, from that person's biological or legal parent or parents. Legal adoptions permanently transfer all rights and responsibilities, along with filiation, from the biological parents to the adoptive parents.

Unlike guardianship or other systems designed for the care of the young, adoption is intended to effect a permanent change in status and as such requires societal recognition, either through legal or religious sanction. Historically, some societies have enacted specific laws governing adoption, while others used less formal means (notably contracts that specified inheritance rights and parental responsibilities without an accompanying transfer of filiation). Modern systems of adoption, arising in the 20th century, tend to be governed by comprehensive statutes and regulations.
February 23 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
February 22 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - February 24

All fixed commemorations below are observed on March 8  (March 7 on leap years) by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For February 23rd, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on February 10.

February 10 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
February 9 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - February 11

All fixed commemorations below are observed on February 23 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For February 10th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on January 28.
Altair, São Paulo
Altair is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population is 4,186 (2020 est.) in an area of 313.86 km2. The neighboring municipalities are Icém to the north and Olímpia to the east.

Olímpia
Olímpia is a municipality in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, in the Microregion of São José do Rio Preto. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 55,130 inhabitants. The city has a total area of 802.6 km2 (309.9 mi2).
Haplothrix
Haplothrix is a genus of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae, containing the following species:

Haplothrix amicator (Gahan, 1888)

Haplothrix andamanicus (Breuning, 1979)

Haplothrix andrewesi Breuning, 1935

Haplothrix blairi Breuning, 1935

Haplothrix fouqueti (Pic, 1932)

Haplothrix griseatus (Gahan, 1888)

Haplothrix paramicator Breuning, 1965

Haplothrix pulcher (Hüdepohl, 1998)

Haplothrix rivulosus (Gahan, 1888)

Haplothrix simplex Gahan, 1888

Haplothrix strandi Breuning, 1935

Haplothrix blairi
Haplothrix blairi is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1935, originally misspelled as Hoplothrix blairi. It is known from Thailand, Myanmar, Laos, and Vietnam.
Chan Seng Onn
Chan Seng Onn PJG PBS is a Singaporean judge who presently serves as a Senior Judge of the High Court of Singapore. Formerly a prosecutor, Chan had previously served as a High Court judge from 2007 to 2022.

Attorney-General of Singapore
The attorney-general of Singapore is the public prosecutor of the Republic of Singapore and legal adviser to the Government of Singapore. The attorney-general is the head of the Attorney-General's Chambers (AGC), whose staff carries out the functions of the attorney-general. The attorney-general is appointed by the president, on the advice of the prime minister, under Article 35 of the Constitution of Singapore. Unlike some countries that follow the Westminster parliamentary model, the attorney-general is not a Member of Parliament.

The Office of Attorney-General was established in 1867, when the British Crown appointed the attorney-general of the Straits Settlements, based in Singapore, to serve as legal adviser to the new Crown colony's government.
Paula Peláez
Paula Peláez G. served as the President of the Asociación de Guías y Scouts de Chile.
In 2000, Peláez was awarded the 285th Bronze Wolf, the only distinction of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, awarded by the World Scout Committee for exceptional services to world Scouting.

Asociación de Guías y Scouts de Chile
“Asociación de Guías y Scouts de Chile” (AGSCH), established in 1978, represents a significant unification of the Scout Association of Chile (ASCH) and the Girl Guides Association of Chile (AGCH). Affiliated with both the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS) and the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM), AGSCH is actively involved in global initiatives that address critical social issues. These include health, nutrition, world peace, environmental conservation, and the integration of disabled individuals into society. This affiliation also endows AGSCH with consultative status with the United Nations on matters related to children and youth, and membership in the Scout Parliamentary Union, which comprises over thirty members in Chile.

The coeducational "Asociación de Guías y Scouts de Chile" has 28,055 members as of 2021.
1967 All-Pacific-8 Conference football team
The 1967 All-Pacific-8 Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by the Associated Press (AP), the United Press International (UPI), and the Pacific-8 Conference (Pac-8) coaches (Coaches) as the best college football players by position in the Pac-8 during the 1967 NCAA University Division football season.

The 1967 USC Trojans football team won the national championship and placed seven players on the first team: running back O. J. Simpson; end Earl McCullouch; offensive tackle Ron Yary; offensive guard Mike Scarpace; defensive end Tim Rossovich; linebacker Adrian Young; and defensive back Mike Battle.

Adrian Young (American football)
Matthew Adrian Young Jr. (born January 31, 1946) is a former American football linebacker who played six seasons in the National Football League (NFL).  Young played college football for the University of Southern California (USC), and earned All-American honors.  The Philadelphia Eagles chose him in the third round of the 1968 NFL/AFL draft, and he played professionally for the Eagles, Detroit Lions and Chicago Bears.
Esperance Plains
Esperance Plains,  also known as Eyre Botanical District, is a biogeographic region in southern Western Australia on the south coast between the Avon Wheatbelt and Hampton bioregions, and bordered to the north by the Mallee region. It is a plain punctuated by granite and quartz outcrops and ranges, with a semi-arid Mediterranean climate and vegetation consisting mostly of mallee-heath and proteaceous scrub. About half of the region has been cleared for intensive agriculture. Recognised as a bioregion under the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia (IBRA), it was first defined by John Stanley Beard in 1980.

South coast of Western Australia
The south coast of Western Australia comprises the Western Australian coastline from Cape Leeuwin to Eucla.  This is a distance of approximately 1,600 kilometres (1,000 mi), fronting the Great Australian Bight and the Southern Ocean.