hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Six Tuscan Poets
Six Tuscan Poets is an oil-on-panel painting by the Florentine visual artist and writer Giorgio Vasari, created in 1544. The poets depicted in the painting from left to right are Guittone d'Arezzo, Cino da Pistoia, Petrarch, Giovanni Boccaccio, Dante Alighieri, and Guido Cavalcanti. In 2021 it was lent to the Metropolitan Museum of Art, in New York, for the exhibition The Medici: Portraits and Politics, 1512–1570.

The work was commissioned from Vasari by the Tuscan arts patron Luca Martini.

Today the painting is in the permanent  collection of the Minneapolis Institute of Art.

Petrarch
Francis Petrarch (/ˈpɛtrɑːrk, ˈpiːt-/; 20 July 1304 – 19 July 1374; Latin: Franciscus Petrarcha; modern Italian: Francesco Petrarca [franˈtʃesko peˈtrarka]), born Francesco di Petracco, was a scholar from Arezzo and poet of the early Italian Renaissance, as well as one of the earliest humanists.

Petrarch's rediscovery of Cicero's letters is often credited with initiating the 14th-century Italian Renaissance and the founding of Renaissance humanism. In the 16th century, Pietro Bembo created the model for the modern Italian language based on Petrarch's works, as well as those of Giovanni Boccaccio, and, to a lesser extent, Dante Alighieri. Petrarch was later endorsed as a model for Italian style by the Accademia della Crusca.

Petrarch's sonnets were admired and imitated throughout Europe during the Renaissance and became a model for lyrical poetry. He is also known for being the first to develop the concept of the "Dark Ages".
School leaving qualification
A school leaving qualification is an academic qualification awarded for the completion of secondary education. Depending on the country or region, it may alternatively be known as a high school diploma,  senior secondary leaving certificate, high schools general certificate or school certificate (amongst other names).

Institutional requirements differ for obtaining a high school diploma or its equivalent.  For example, some schools require that all students study a foreign language, and others do not.  The number of years that students are required to attend school before earning a high school diploma, the difficulty level of the classes, and the types of classes vary significantly from place to place.

Certificate of attendance
A certificate of attendance (also certificate of participation ) is an official document proving the attendance of a class, a language course or a training course.

Although it could increase the prospects of professional promotion, this type of certificate is not a credential because it does not provide proof of learning, that is, no knowledge is assessed before such a certificate is issued.
Gilbert Kaplan
Gilbert Edmund Kaplan (March 3, 1941 – January 1, 2016) was an American businessman and financial publisher. He was also an aficionado of the music of Gustav Mahler, and an amateur conductor of Mahler's Symphony No. 2.

Vienna Philharmonic
Vienna Philharmonic (VPO; German: Wiener Philharmoniker) is an orchestra that was founded in 1842 and has been considered to be one of the finest in the world.

The Vienna Philharmonic is based at the Musikverein in Vienna, Austria. Its members are selected from the orchestra of the Vienna State Opera. Selection involves a lengthy process, with each musician demonstrating their capability for a minimum of three years' performance for the opera and ballet. After this probationary period, the musician may request an application for a position in the orchestra from the Vienna Philharmonic's board. The Vienna Philharmonic hires no musician over 35 years of age, and has a mandatory retirement age of 65; 30 years of service are required for full pension.
Galle Gladiators in 2020
The Galle Gladiators (abbreviated as GG) is a franchise cricket team which played in  the inaugural season of the Lanka Premier League. The team is based in Galle, Southern Province, Sri Lanka. The team remained under the captaincy of Pakistani cricketer, Shahid Afridi, for the first three matches. However, due to an emergency, the captain left the league for the remaining matches of the tournament, and Bhanuka Rajapaksa assumed the captaincy. The team was coached by Pakistani cricket coach Moin Khan. The team is owned by Pakistani organizer Nadeem Omar, who also owns the Pakistan Super League's Quetta Gladiators.

The team qualified for the semi-finals in the 2020 season after winning only two out of eight matches, due to having a higher run rate than its competitor, Kandy Tuskers. The team qualified for the final after trouncing Colombo Kings in the semi-finals. However, they lost in the final to the Jaffna Stallions.

Pakistan Super League
The Pakistan Super League (PSL), also known as HBL PSL for sponsorship reasons, is a professional Twenty20 cricket league in Pakistan, organised by the Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB).

Founded by the PCB in 2015, the league currently features (since 2018 PSL) six city-based franchise teams. Instead of operating as an association of independently owned teams, the league is a single entity in which each franchise is owned and controlled by the investors.

Each team plays the group-stage matches in a double round-robin format and the top four teams with the most points qualify for the playoffs, culminating in the final.

As of 2025, there have been ten seasons of the league. Islamabad United and Lahore Qalandars are the most successful teams, both winning three titles each.
8-demicubic honeycomb
The 8-demicubic honeycomb, or demiocteractic honeycomb is a uniform space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb) in Euclidean 8-space. It is constructed as an alternation of the regular 8-cubic honeycomb.

It is composed of two different types of facets. The 8-cubes become alternated into 8-demicubes h{4,3,3,3,3,3,3}  and the alternated vertices create 8-orthoplex {3,3,3,3,3,3,4} facets .

Honeycomb (geometry)
In geometry, a honeycomb is a space filling or close packing of polyhedral or higher-dimensional cells, so that there are no gaps. It is an example of the more general mathematical tiling or tessellation in any number of dimensions. Its dimension can be clarified as n-honeycomb for a honeycomb of n-dimensional space.

Honeycombs are usually constructed in ordinary Euclidean ("flat") space. They may also be constructed in non-Euclidean spaces, such as hyperbolic honeycombs.  Any finite uniform polytope can be projected to its circumsphere to form a uniform honeycomb in spherical space.
Tangail saree
Tangail saree is a traditional handwoven sari of Bangladesh. It originated  in the Tangail district of the country. The traditional weaving art of Tangail saree was recognized as UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2025.

Nadia district
Nadia district (Bengali pronunciation: [nɔd̪iːaː]) is a district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It lies in the Presidency division. It borders Bangladesh to the east, North 24 Parganas and Hooghly districts to the south, Purba Bardhaman to the west, and Murshidabad to the north.

Nadia district is highly influential in the cultural history of Bengal. The standard form of modern Bengali, developed in the 19th century, is based on the dialect spoken around Shantipur region of Nadia. Known as the "Oxford of Bengal", Nabadwip made many contributions to Indian philosophy, such as the Navya-Nyaya system of logic, and is the birthplace of the Vaishnava saint Chaitanya Mahaprabhu. The district is still largely agricultural.
West Wisconsin Railway
The West Wisconsin Railway was a small railroad in Wisconsin, connecting the Chicago and North Western Railway at Elroy, Wisconsin to Hudson, Wisconsin. It became part of the Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis and Omaha Railway ("Omaha Road"). This Omaha Road merged into the Chicago and North Western Railway. Today some of its route is still active as Union Pacific's Altoona Subdivision between Saint Paul and Altoona, Wisconsin.

An 1871 proposal map shows the route from Saint Paul joining the Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad at Tomah, Wisconsin. The West Wisconsin Railway was authorized in 1876 to build from St. Paul, Minnesota through to reach the Chicago and North Western Railway at Elroy, Wisconsin. It crossed the Milwaukee Road at Camp Douglas, instead of Tomah. In 1878 the bankrupt West Wisconsin Railway was acquired by the Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis and Omaha Railway.

Milwaukee Road
The Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad (CMStP&P), better known as the Milwaukee Road (reporting mark MILW), was a Class I railroad that operated in the Midwest and Northwest of the United States from 1847 until 1986.

The company experienced financial difficulty through the 1970s and 1980s, including bankruptcy in 1977 (though it filed for bankruptcy twice in 1925 and 1935, respectively). In 1980, it abandoned its Pacific Extension, which included track in the states of Montana, Idaho, and Washington. The remaining system was merged into the Soo Line Railroad (reporting mark SOO), a subsidiary of Canadian Pacific Railway (reporting mark CP), on January 1, 1986. Much of its historical trackage remains in use by other railroads. The company brand is commemorated by buildings like the historic Milwaukee Road Depot in Minneapolis and preserved locomotives such as Milwaukee Road 261 which operates excursion trains.
Henri Legrand du Saulle
Henri Legrand du Saulle (Dijon, 16 April 1830 – Paris, 5 May 1886) was a French psychiatrist.

As a young man he worked as an assistant to Bénédict Morel (1809–1873) at Saint-Yon, and also served under Louis-Florentin Calmeil (1798–1895) at the Charenton Asylum. In 1856 became a doctor to the medical faculty in Paris. Later on, he was appointed physician at the Bicêtre Hospital (replacing Prosper Lucas 1805–1885), and in 1879 succeeded Louis Delasiauve (1804–1893) as chief physician in the department for epileptics at Salpêtrière Hospital. During his career he was also associated with the Prefecture of Police, serving from 1863 as médecin-adjoint to Charles Lasègue (1816–1883).

He is known for his studies on personality disorders, particularly pioneer work involving phobias and obsessive-compulsive disorders. He also performed extensive work in forensic psychiatry, being interested with the medical-judicial aspects of psychopathology.

Bénédict Morel
Bénédict Augustin Morel (22 November 1809 – 30 March 1873) was a French psychiatrist born in Vienna, Austria. He was an influential figure in the field of degeneration theory during the mid-19th century.
Poland in the Eurovision Song Contest 2026
Poland will be represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2026, which will be held in Vienna, Austria. The Polish participating broadcaster, Telewizja Polska (TVP), will organise the national final Finał krajowych kwalifikacji in order to select its entry for the contest.

Poland in the Eurovision Song Contest 2003
Poland was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2003 with the song "Keine Grenzen – Żadnych granic", written by André Franke, Joachim Horn-Bernges, Michał Wiśniewski, and Jacek Łągwa, and performed by the band Ich Troje. The Polish participating broadcaster, Telewizja Polska (TVP), organised the national final Krajowe Eliminacje do Konkursu Piosenki Eurowizji 2003 in order to select its entry for the contest. The broadcaster returned to the contest after a one-year absence following its relegation in 2002 as one of the bottom six entrants in 2001. The national final took place on 25 January 2003 and featured fourteen entries. "Keine Grenzen – Żadnych granic" performed by Ich Troje was selected as the winner after gaining 31.8% of the public vote.

Poland competed in the Eurovision Song Contest which took place on 24 May 2003. Performing during the show in position 20, Poland placed seventh out of the 26 participating countries, scoring 90 points.
Canadian National 7312
Canadian National 7312 is a O-9-a class 0-6-0 "Switcher" type steam locomotive, built in August 1908 by the Baldwin Locomotive Works (BLW) for the Canadian National Railway (CN). It is owned and currently undergoing a heavy overhaul by the Strasburg Rail Road (SRC) outside of Strasburg, Pennsylvania.

0-6-0
0-6-0 is the Whyte notation designation for steam locomotives with a wheel arrangement of no leading wheels, six powered and coupled driving wheels on three axles, and no trailing wheels. Historically, this was the most common wheel arrangement used on both tender and tank locomotives in versions with both inside and outside cylinders.

In the United Kingdom, the Whyte notation of wheel arrangement was also often used for the classification of electric and diesel-electric locomotives with side-rod coupled driving wheels. Under the UIC classification, popular in Europe, this wheel arrangement is written as C if the wheels are coupled with rods or gears, or Co if they are independently driven, the latter usually being electric and diesel-electric locomotives.
Somali short-toed lark
The Somali short-toed lark (Alaudala somalica) is a small passerine bird of the lark family found in eastern and north-eastern Africa.

The habitat of the Somali short-toed lark is subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland.

Richard Bowdler Sharpe
Richard Bowdler Sharpe (22 November 1847 – 25 December 1909) was an English zoologist and ornithologist who worked as curator of the bird collection at the British Museum of natural history. In the course of his career he published several monographs on bird groups and produced a multi-volume catalogue of the specimens in the collection of the museum. He described many new species of bird and also has had species named in his honour by other ornithologists including Sharpe's longclaw (Macronyx sharpei) and Sharpe's starling (Pholia sharpii).
Swarajyarakshak Sambhaji
Swarajyarakshak  Sambhaji (transl. Self State Guard Sambhaji) is an Indian historical drama based on the life of warrior king Sambhaji. The series is directed by Vivek Deshpande and Kartik Rajaram Kendhe and is written by Pratap Gangavane. It is produced and starred by Amol Kolhe in lead role of Sambhaji, Vilas Sawant and Sonali Ghanashyam Rao under the banner of Jagadamb Creations. It premiered from 24 September 2017 by replacing Kahe Diya Pardes and aired on Zee Marathi.

Soyarabai
Soyarabai Bhosale (Mohite-1634–1681) was born in August 1634 in the house of Mohite of Karad. Her parents was Sambhaji Mohite and Laxmibai Mohite.She was the second wife of Shivaji, the founder of the Maratha Empire in western India. She was the mother of Shivaji's second son, Rajaram and stepmother to Sambhaji. She was the younger sister of the Maratha army chief, Hambirrao Mohite.
Mikey Lewis
Mikey Lewis (born 4 July 2001) is an English professional rugby league footballer who plays as a scrum-half, stand-off or fullback for Hull Kingston Rovers in the Super League and England at international level.

York Knights
The York Knights are the professional rugby league team of York RLFC, based in York, England. The club play their home games at York Community Stadium and competes in the Super League, the top tier of British rugby league.

The club, which was founded as the York City Knights, is a  phoenix club established after the original York club folded in 2002. The Knights played in blue and white until 2017 when they reverted to the city's traditional home colours of amber and black. The club was renamed as York RLFC in 2022 with the men's team continuing to be known as the Knights and the women's team becoming the Valkyrie.
Dmitry Gerasimov
Dmitry Gerasimov (Russian: Дмитрий Герасимов; also known as Demetrius Erasmius, Mitya the Translator and Dmitri the Scholastic; c. 1465 – after 1535) was a Russian translator, diplomat and philologist; he also provided some of the earliest information on Muscovy to Renaissance scholars such as Paolo Giovio and Sigismund von Herberstein.

Sigismund von Herberstein
Siegmund (Sigismund) Freiherr von Herberstein (or Baron Sigismund von Herberstein; 23 August 1486 – 28 March 1566) was a Carniolan diplomat, writer, historian and member of the Holy Roman Empire Imperial Council. He was most noted for his extensive writing on the geography, history and customs of Russia, and contributed greatly to early Western European knowledge of that area.
Qamar Alam
Qamar Alam (born 10 February 1968) is an Indian politician who served as a Member of the Bihar Legislative Council representing the Rashtriya Janata Dal and later joined Janata Dal (United). He along with Sanjay Prasad, Radha Charan Seth, Ranvijay Kumar Singh and Dilip Rai -met acting chairman of the legislative council Awadhesh Narain Singh and handed over their Merging Letter. He was elected unopposed to the Bihar Legislative Council on 3 June 2016. On 24 June 2020, they requested Awadhesh Narain Singh to allow their group to merge with JD(U).

Awadhesh Narain Singh
Awadhesh Narain Singh  is a leader of Bharatiya Janata Party from Bihar. He is the current chairperson of Bihar Legislative Council and a former minister. He was appointed to the cabinet in Nitish Kumar's second term as Chief Minister of Bihar in 2008.
Cypress Semiconductor
Cypress Semiconductor Corporation was an American semiconductor design and manufacturing company. It offered NOR flash memories, F-RAM and SRAM Traveo microcontrollers, PSoCs, PMICs, capacitive touch-sensing controllers, Wireless BLE Bluetooth Low-Energy and USB connectivity solutions.

Its headquarters were in San Jose, California, with operations in the United States, Ireland, India and the Philippines.

In April 2016, Cypress Semiconductors announced the acquisition of Broadcom’s Wireless Internet of Things Business. The deal was closed in July 2016.

In June 2019, Infineon Technologies announced it would acquire Cypress for $9.4 billion. The deal closed in April 2020, making Infineon one of the world's top 10 semiconductor manufacturers.

Some of its main competitors included Microchip Technology, NXP Semiconductors, Renesas Electronics and Micron Technology.

Micron Technology
Micron Technology, Inc. is an American multinational semiconductor company that manufactures computer memory and computer data storage products, including dynamic random-access memory (DRAM), flash memory, and solid-state drives (SSDs). Founded in 1978 in Boise, Idaho, Micron is the only major American computer memory manufacturer. It is one of the “Big Three” computer memory manufacturers, together with the South Korean companies Samsung Electronics and SK Hynix.

One of the Fortune 500 companies, Micron's consumer products were marketed under the brand Crucial, with the sub-brand Ballistix being used to denote products targeting gaming computers. Micron and Intel together created IM Flash Technologies, which produced NAND flash memory. It owned Lexar between 2006 and 2017.
Drazark monastery
Drazark monastery (Armenian: Դրազարկ վանք) is a destroyed monastic complex of Armenian Apostolic Church in Adana province of modern Turkey, which lies about 40 km. northwest of the city of Sis – historical capital of Cilician Armenia, at one of inaccessible slopes of Cilician Taurus range (middle part of the Taurus Mountains).

Kozan, Adana
Kozan, formerly Sis (Armenian: Սիս), is a municipality and district of Adana Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,903 km2, and its population is 132,703 (2022). It is 68 kilometres (42 miles) northeast of Adana, in the northern section of the Çukurova plain. The Kilgen River, a tributary of the Ceyhan, flows through Kozan and crosses the plain south into the Mediterranean. The Taurus Mountains rise up sharply behind the town.

Sis was the capital of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, today's Sis (ancient city), now called Kozan Kalesi, was built on a long rocky ridge in the center of the modern city.

The population of the city has grown rapidly in recent years, from 15,159 in 1960, to 54,451 in 1990, to 72,463 in 2007 and to 74,521 in 2009 (census figures).
Halles de Schaerbeek
The Halles de Schaerbeek (French) or Hallen van Schaarbeek (Dutch) is a cultural centre in Brussels, Belgium. It is located at 22, rue Royale Sainte-Marie/Koninklijke Sinte-Mariastraat in Schaerbeek, in the former St. Mary covered market, built in 1865 and destroyed by a fire in 1898.

Schaerbeek
Schaerbeek (French, pronounced [skaʁbek, -bɛk] ⓘ; former Dutch spelling) or Schaarbeek (modern Dutch, pronounced [ˈsxaːrbeːk] ⓘ) is one of the 19 municipalities of the Brussels-Capital Region, Belgium. Located in the north-eastern part of the region, it is bordered by the City of Brussels, Etterbeek, Evere and Saint-Josse-ten-Noode. In common with all of Brussels' municipalities, it is legally bilingual (French–Dutch).

Schaerbeek has a multicultural identity stemming from its diverse population. As of 1 January 2022, the municipality had a population of 130,690 inhabitants. The total area is 7.9 km2 (3.1 sq mi), which gives a population density of 16,540/km2 (42,800/sq mi), twice the average of Brussels.
Ronica Jeffrey
Ronica Jeffrey (born January 24, 1983, Brooklyn, New York) is the International Women's Boxing Federation World Super Featherweight champion. Her professional boxing record is 17-1-1. Jeffrey is managed by Brian Cohen. She is a member of the International Women's Boxing Hall of Fame.

Brian Cohen (boxer)
Brian Cohen (born March 20, 1976) is a retired American professional boxer and a current boxing manager. Also known for being the husband of Kali Reis.

During his professional boxing career, Cohen was ranked in the top 40 of the WBC and has held the WBC Continental Americas light heavyweight title. Cohen fought his last bout in 2010, fighting for the first time outside of USA in New Zealand. After retiring, Cohen became a manager, focusing on women boxers.
William Oscar Mulkey
William Oscar Mulkey (July 27, 1871 – June 30, 1943) was a U.S. representative from Alabama.

Born in Brundidge, Alabama, Mulkey attended the public schools and graduated from State Normal College, Troy, Alabama, (now Troy University) in 1892.
He studied law.
He was admitted to the bar in 1893 and commenced practice in Troy, Alabama, in 1894.
He served as member of the State constitutional convention in 1901.
He served in the State house of representatives in 1911.

Mulkey was elected as a Democrat to the Sixty-third Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Henry D. Clayton and served from June 29, 1914, to March 3, 1915.
He was not a candidate for renomination in 1914.
He resumed the practice of law.
He died in Geneva, Alabama, June 30, 1943.
He was interred in Geneva Cemetery.

Troy, Alabama
Troy is a city in and the county seat of Pike County, Alabama, United States. It was formally incorporated on February 4, 1843.

Between  1763 and 1783, the area where Troy sits was part of the colony of British West Florida. After 1783, the region fell under the jurisdiction of the newly created United States of America.

As of the 2020 census, its population was 17,727, down from 18,033 in 2010. The 2022 estimated population was 17,774. The City of Troy had previously been considered one of the fastest-growing cities in Alabama. Troy is home to Troy University, the fourth-largest university in total enrollment in Alabama.
Ravn Alaska
New Pacific Airlines, Inc., d.b.a. Ravn Alaska, was an Alaskan airline that specialized in serving small communities in the US state of Alaska. The airline was headquartered in Anchorage, which was also home to its primary hub, Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport.

At its peak, Ravn Alaska served 12 communities in Alaska. New Pacific operated all of its flights using the Ravn Alaska brand. The company pronounced its name Ravn like the bird, Raven.

Beechcraft 1900
The Beechcraft 1900 is an American twin-engine turboprop regional airliner manufactured by Beechcraft. It is also used as a freight aircraft and corporate transport, and by several governmental and military organizations. With customers favoring larger regional jets, then-owner Raytheon ended production in October 2002.

Developed from the Beechcraft Super King Air, the aircraft was designed to carry passengers in all weather conditions from airports with relatively short runways. It is capable of flying in excess of 600 miles (970 km), although few operators use its full-fuel range.