hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Soesdyke
Soesdyke is a village in the Demerara-Mahaica Region (Region 4), Guyana, located between the Demerara River and the East Bank Public Road. Soesdyke is located just after the village called Den Heuvel (Coverden) if you are coming from Georgetown, which is the capital of Guyana. On the other end of Soesdyke is the village Timehri about 3 miles northeast of the Cheddi Jagan International Airport.

The village started as the plantation Soesdyke which was owned by Laurens Storm van 's Gravesande, the governor of Essequibo and Demerara. Van Gravesande, moved the government of the colony to the nearby island of Borsselen (also Borslem) in the Demerara River.

Timehri
Timehri is a village in Guyana, located 41 kilometers to the south of the nation's capital Georgetown. The name "Timehri" is an Amerindian word meaning "paintings and drawings on the rock"

Timehri contains the Cheddi Jagan International Airport which is the major international airport of the country. The airport used to be called Timehri International Airport.

It is also home to the South Dakota Circuit where numerous international competitors meet and participate in motor racing events each year. The track is located on a former part of the airport.
Chen–Gackstatter surface
In differential geometry, the Chen–Gackstatter surface family (or the Chen–Gackstatter–Thayer surface family) is a family of minimal surfaces that generalize the Enneper surface by adding handles, giving it nonzero topological genus.

They are not embedded, and have Enneper-like ends. The members  of the family are indexed by the number of extra handles i and the winding number of the Enneper end; the total genus is ij and the total Gaussian curvature is . It has been shown that  is the only  genus one orientable complete minimal surface of total curvature .

It has been conjectured that continuing to add handles to the surfaces will in the limit converge to the Scherk's second surface (for j = 1) or the saddle tower family for j > 1.

Scherk surface
In mathematics, a Scherk surface (named after Heinrich Scherk) is an example of a minimal surface. Scherk described two complete embedded minimal surfaces in 1834; his first surface is a doubly periodic surface, his second surface is singly periodic. They were the third non-trivial examples of minimal surfaces (the first two were the catenoid and helicoid). The two surfaces are conjugates of each other.

Scherk surfaces arise in the study of certain limiting minimal surface problems and in the study of harmonic diffeomorphisms of hyperbolic space.
Paviors RFC
Paviors Rugby Club is an English rugby union club based in Arnold, Nottinghamshire. The first XV team currently play in Regional 2 North Midlands, following their relegation from  at the end of season 2022–23. The club also operates a 2nd XV, Paviors Ladies, a colts team and junior sides.

Arnold, Nottinghamshire
Arnold (/ˈɑːr.nəld/) is a market town in the Borough of Gedling in the county of Nottinghamshire in the East Midlands of England. It is situated to the north-east of Nottingham's city boundary. Arnold has the largest town Centre in the Borough of Gedling and the most important town Centre in the northeastern part of the conurbation of Greater Nottingham. Gedling Borough Council is headquartered in Arnold. Since 1968 Arnold has had a market, and the town used to have numerous factories associated with the hosiery industry. Nottinghamshire Police have been headquartered in Arnold since 1979. At the time of the 2011 United Kingdom census, Arnold had a population of 37,768.

Areas within Arnold include Daybrook, Woodthorpe, Redhill, Warren Hill, Killisick and Dorket Head.
WATCHCON
WATCHCON (Watch Condition) is an alert state system used by and coordinated between the South Korean armed forces and United States Department of Defense to measure reconnaissance posture, utilized often in matters concerning North Korea.

Alert state
An alert state or state of alert is an indication of the state of readiness of the armed forces for military action or a state against natural disasters, terrorism or military attack. The term frequently used is "on high alert". Examples scales indicating alert state are the DEFCON levels of the US military, South Korea's "Jindogae" system, and the UK Threat Levels. High alert states are synonymous with "red alert".
Dark moon
The term dark moon describes the last visible crescent of a waning Moon. The duration of a dark moon varies between 1.5 and 3.5 days, depending on its ecliptic latitude. In current astronomical usage, the new moon occurs in the middle of this dark period, when the Moon and Sun are in conjunction. This definition has entered popular usage, so that calendars will typically indicate the date of the "new moon" rather than the "dark moon".

Crescent
A crescent shape (/ˈkrɛsənt/, UK also /ˈkrɛzənt/) is a symbol or emblem used to represent the lunar phase (as it appears in the northern hemisphere) in the first quarter (the "sickle moon"), or by extension a symbol representing the Moon itself.

In Hindu iconography, Shiva is often shown wearing a crescent moon on his head, symbolising his control over time, as well as his attributes of both creation and destruction.

It is used as the astrological symbol for the Moon, and hence as the alchemical symbol for silver. It was also the emblem of Diana/Artemis, and hence represented virginity. In veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church, it is associated with Mary, mother of Jesus.

From its use as roof finial in Ottoman mosques, it has also become associated with Islam, and the crescent was introduced as chaplain badge for Muslim United States military chaplains in 1993.
Apollon Patras B.C. in international competitions
Apollon Patras B.C. in international competitions is the history and statistics of Apollon Patras B.C. in FIBA Europe and Euroleague Basketball Company European-wide professional club basketball competitions.

European professional club basketball system
Professional men's basketball clubs in Europe can compete in a number of different competitions, including national leagues, regional (multi-national) leagues, and continental competitions. It is therefore possible for clubs from some countries to take part in several levels of competition in the same season. Clubs usually qualify for European competitions through performance in their national or regional leagues, with the exception of wild cards.
Hergatz station
Hergatz station is the station of the Bavarian town of Hergatz. It has three platforms sidings and is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 5 station. The station is served by about 75 trains daily operated by Deutsche Bahn and Regentalbahn. Hergatz station is a separation station at the junction of the Buchloe–Lindau railway (Munich–Lindau) and the Kißlegg–Hergatz railway.

Apart from Hergatz station, the municipality of Hergatz includes the closed stations of Maria Thann and Wohmbrechts.

Buchloe–Lindau railway
The Buchloe–Lindau railway is a double-track, largely non-electrified main line in the German state of Bavaria. It runs through the Allgäu from Buchloe to Lindau in Lake Constance via Kaufbeuren and Kempten. Together with the connecting Munich–Buchloe railway it is known in German as the Bayerische Allgäubahn (Bavarian Allgäu railway).

The Royal Bavarian State Railways (Königlich Bayerischen Staatseisenbahnen) put the line into operation between 1847 and 1854 as part of the Ludwig South-North Railway (Ludwig-Süd-Nord-Bahn). The Hergatz–Lindau section was electrified between 2018 and 2020 as part of the Munich–Lindau upgraded line project, which uses a shorter but largely single-track route via Memmingen.
Branches of Wing Chun
There are at least eight distinct lineages of the martial art Wing Chun.  These are mostly little-known outside of China, and each has its own history of origin. In the West, Wing Chun's history has become a mix of fact and fiction due to the impacts of early secrecy and modern marketing. Additionally, there are competing genealogies within the same branch or about the same individual teacher.

The different branches of the Chinese martial art of Wing Chun can be thought of as describing both the differing traditions and interpretations of Wing Chun and the teacher-student relationships which perpetuate them.

Ip Chun
Ip Chun (born Ip Hok-chun; 10 July 1924), also known as Yip Chun or Yip Jun, is a Chinese martial artist and actor in the style of Wing Chun. He is the elder of two sons. Chun's father, Ip Man, was the Wing Chun teacher of Bruce Lee.
2014 CELAC summit
The II CELAC summit or 2014 CELAC summit was the second ordinary heads of state summit of the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States. It was held on 28 and 29 January 2014 in Havana, Cuba.

The plenary session was opened by Secretary-General of the United Nations Ban Ki-moon.

Community of Latin American and Caribbean States
The Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC) is a bloc of Latin American and Caribbean states, consisting of 33 countries, and has five official working languages. It is seen as an alternative to the Organization of American States (OAS), and includes all OAS member states (except the United States and Canada) plus includes the nations of Nicaragua and Cuba. Initially proposed on February 23, 2010, at the Rio Group–Caribbean Community Unity Summit, CELAC is seen as the successor of the Rio Group and the Latin American and Caribbean Summit on Integration and Development (CALC). CELAC was created to deepen Latin American integration and to reduce hegemony within the politics and economics of the region. The date of creation was on December 3, 2011, in Caracas, Venezuela, with the signing of the Declaration of Caracas. As of 2013, CELAC possesses a population of roughly 600 million.
Louis-Charles de Flers
Louis-Charles  de La Motte-Ango, vicomte de Flers (12 June 1754 – 22 July 1794) joined the French Royal army and rose in rank to become a general officer in the French Revolutionary Wars. After serving in the Austrian Netherlands, he was appointed to command the Army of the Eastern Pyrenees. His army suffered several defeats in May and June 1793, but he rallied his troops to win a defensive victory at the Battle of Perpignan in July. The all-powerful Representatives-on-mission arrested him in August 1793 for a minor setback and sent him to Paris under arrest. The Committee of Public Safety executed him by guillotine on trumped up charges in the last days of the Reign of Terror. De Flers is one of the names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe.

Names inscribed on the Arc de Triomphe
The following is a list of the 660 names inscribed on the Arc de Triomphe in Paris. Most of them represent generals who served during the French First Republic (1792–1804) and the First French Empire (1804–1815). Underlined names signify those killed in action. Additionally, the names of specific armies are listed, grouped together by the four compass facades of the arch: North (northern France, lower Rhine, Netherlands), East (Central Europe, Switzerland, Italy), South (Mediterranean Europe, Egypt, southern France) and West (Pyrenees, western France, notable units).

Related list: Battles inscribed on the Arc de Triomphe.

Northern pillar  Armies of northern France, the lower Rhine and the Netherlands.

Eastern pillar  Armies of Central Europe, Switzerland and Italy.

Southern pillar  Armies of Mediterranean Europe, Egypt and southern France.

Western pillar  Armies of the Pyrenees, western France and notable units.
South Branch Dead River
The South Branch Dead River is a 26.3-mile-long (42.3 km) tributary of the Dead River in Franklin County, Maine.

From the outflow of Saddleback Lake (44°58′30″N 70°33′18″W﻿ / ﻿44.9750°N 70.5550°W﻿ / 44.9750; -70.5550﻿ (South Branch Dead River source)) below Saddleback Mountain, the river runs northeast to Eustis, where its confluence with the North Branch of the Dead River was drowned by the impoundment of Flagstaff Lake in 1950.

The Northern Forest Canoe Trail (NFCT) is a 740-mile (1,190 km) marked canoeing route extending from Old Forge, New York to Fort Kent, Maine. From a four-mile portage between Rangeley on Rangeley Lake and Dallas Plantation on the South Branch, the trail runs about 35 miles (60 km) down the South Branch, Flagstaff Lake, and the Dead River, to the mouth of Spencer Stream below Grand Falls.

Flagstaff Lake (Maine)
Flagstaff Lake is located in Somerset County and Franklin County, Maine, in the United States.  The North Branch Dead River and South Branch Dead River join in the lake, forming the Dead River.

The lake's surface area is 20,300 acres (82 km2), and it has a storage capacity of about 275,482 acre-feet (339,802,000 m3).  It is extremely shallow (more so during drought years). Its deepest point is 48 feet (15 m). Landlocked salmon and brook trout can be caught. Some points on the lake are very marshy and have to be negotiated with a canoe or kayak; even then, wading may be necessary in the marshy areas to get through to the rest of the lake.

Bigelow Mountain Range overlooks from the lake's southern shore, which makes the lake popular for outdoor activities. The lake is mostly undeveloped with relatively few boats and is optimal for kayaking.
APEC Peru 2024
The APEC Peru 2024 was the annual meeting of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum of its leaders that was held from 15 to 16 November 2024. It was the third time Peru has hosted the summit, having previously hosted in 2016 and 2008.

In 2021, Óscar Maúrtua, the minister of foreign affairs of Peru, announced the organization of the 2024 APEC summit.  On 10 February 2022, the prime minister of Thailand, Prayut Chan-o-cha, in his capacity as current president of APEC, announced the United States as host of the 2023 meeting and Peru for 2024.

Prime Minister of Singapore
The prime minister of Singapore is the head of government of Singapore. The president appoints the prime minister on the advice and consent of the Cabinet of Singapore. The incumbent prime minister is Lawrence Wong, an MP for Marsiling–Yew Tee Group Representation Constituency from the governing People's Action Party, who took office on 15 May 2024.

Singapore is modelled after the Westminster system. The prime minister only governs with the confidence of the majority in Parliament; as such, the prime minister typically sits as a member of Parliament (MP) and leads the largest party or a coalition of parties. In practice, the prime minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament.
Maintal
Maintal (German pronunciation: [ˈmaɪntaːl] ⓘ, lit. 'Main Valley') is the second largest town of the Main-Kinzig district, in Hesse, Germany. It is situated on the river Main, between Frankfurt am Main and Hanau.

Main (river)
The Main (German pronunciation: [ˈmaɪn] ⓘ) is the longest tributary of the Rhine, one of the major European rivers. It rises as the White Main in the Fichtel Mountains of northeastern Bavaria and flows west through central Germany for 525 kilometres (326 mi) to meet the Rhine below Rüsselsheim, Hesse. The cities of Mainz and Wiesbaden are close to the confluence.

The largest cities on the Main are Frankfurt am Main, Offenbach am Main and Würzburg. It is the longest river lying entirely in Germany (if the Weser-Werra are considered separate).
D49 road (Croatia)
D49 is a state road in the Slavonia region of Croatia that connects the A3 motorway's Lužani interchange to the D38 state road, facilitating access from the A3 motorway to Pleternica and its surroundings. The road is 19.0 km long.

The road, as well as all other state roads in Croatia, is managed and maintained by Hrvatske Ceste, state owned company.

D38 road (Croatia)
D38 is a state road in the Slavonia region of Croatia that connects the cities of Pakrac, Požega, Pleternica and Đakovo. The road is 120.7 km (75.0 mi) long.

This and all other state roads in Croatia are managed and maintained by Hrvatske Ceste, state owned company.
Deptford (electoral division)
Deptford was an electoral division for the purposes of elections to the Greater London Council. The constituency elected one councillor for a four-year term in 1973, 1977 and 1981, with the final term extended for an extra year ahead of the abolition of the Greater London Council.

Greater London Council
The Greater London Council (GLC) was the top-tier local government administrative body for Greater London from 1965 to 1986. It replaced the earlier London County Council (LCC) which had covered a much smaller area. The GLC was dissolved in 1986 by the Local Government Act 1985 and its powers were devolved to the London boroughs and other entities. A new administrative body, known as the Greater London Authority (GLA), was established in 2000.
Risaldar
Risaldar, meaning the commander of a risala or risalah (a body of horse, regardless if troop or regiment) in Persian, is a mid-level rank in cavalry and armoured units of the Indian and Pakistan Army. In other arms, such as the infantry, the equivalent rank is subedar. Risaldar was also a viceroy's commissioned officer's rank in the British Indian Army, until 1947.

Junior commissioned officer
Junior commissioned officer (JCO) is a group of military ranks which is higher than havildar (non-commissioned officer) and lower than lieutenant (commissioned officer). The term is only used by Nepal, Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan. Senior havildars are promoted to JCO rank on the basis of merit and seniority, restricted by the number of vacancies. JCOs are treated as a separate class and hold additional privileges. The term was primarily associated with armies; however, since the 2000s, India and Pakistan's navies and air forces have also used the term to indicate their chief petty officers and warrant officers.
1966 Men's Softball World Championship
The 1966 ISF Men's World Championship was an international softball tournament and the inaugural World Championship. The tournament was held in Mexico City, Mexico from 23 October to 1 November 1966. Eleven nations competed.

Men's Softball World Cup
The Men's Softball World Cup, known through 2015 as the ISF Men's World Championship, is a softball tournament for the best national men's teams in the world. From 1966 to 2013 it was held every four years, first by the International Softball Federation (ISF) and from 2019 an onward it is held every two years by the World Baseball Softball Confederation (WBSC), the 16 best teams in the world compete.
2021 UT Permian Basin Falcons football team
The 2021 UT Permian Basin Falcons football team represented the University of Texas Permian Basin (UTPB) in the 2021 NCAA Division II football season as a member of the Lone Star Conference (LSC). The Falcons were led by sixth-year head coach Justin Carrigan. The Falcons played their home games at Ratliff Stadium in Odessa, Texas, with one home game played at Grande Communications Stadium in Midland.

The Falcons were invited to the Heritage Bowl, losing 21–24 to Oklahoma Baptist. It was the first post-season game for both programs.

Odessa, Texas
Odessa (/ˌoʊˈdɛsə/) is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Ector County in West Texas, with portions extending into Midland County. The population was 114,428 at the 2020 census, making it the 34th-most populous city in Texas. It is the principal city of the Odessa metropolitan statistical area, which includes all of Ector County. The metropolitan area is also a component of the larger Midland–Odessa combined statistical area, which had 359,001 residents in 2020.

The city is famous for being featured in the book Friday Night Lights: A Town, a Team, and a Dream, and the movie adaptation, Friday Night Lights. The University of Texas Permian Basin is located in the city and enrolls over 5,000 students. In 1948, Odessa was also the home of First Lady Barbara Bush, and the one-time home of former U.S. presidents George H. W. Bush and George W. Bush. Former President George H. W. Bush has been quoted as saying, "At Odessa we became Texans and proud of it."
Bamberg–Hof railway
The Bamberg–Hof railway is a 127 km (79 mi)-long main line that runs through Bavaria in southern Germany. The line runs from Bamberg via Lichtenfels, Kulmbach, Neuenmarkt-Wirsberg and Münchberg to Hof. The section from Hof to Neuenmarkt now forms part of the Saxon-Franconian trunk line.

Hochstadt-Marktzeuln–Probstzella railway
The Hochstadt-Marktzeuln–Probstzella railway (also called in German the Frankenwaldbahn, "Franconian Forest Railway"), route no. KBS 840, is an 88 kilometre long, electrified, double-tracked main line from Lichtenfels via Kronach to Saalfeld. It is part of the Munich–Nuremberg–Bam­berg–Jena–Halle/Leipzig–Berlin trunk route. It was completed in October 1885.

The Franconian Forest line branches off from the Ludwig South-North Railway at Marktzeuln. Climbing the ramps from Pressig-Rothenkirchen and Probstzella to Steinbach am Wald the line ascends the heights of the Franconian Forest (Frankenwald). The ramps have a maximum incline of 29 ‰ and, even today, heavy goods trains require an additional banking locomotive at the front or rear of the train.
Jamaican Canadians
Jamaican-Canadians are Canadian citizens of Jamaican descent or Jamaican-born permanent residents of Canada. Their population according to Canada's 2021 Census was 249,070. Jamaican Canadians comprise about 30% of the entire Black Canadian population.

P. K. Subban
Pernell-Karl Sylvester Subban MSC (/ˈsubæn/ SOO-ban; born May 13, 1989) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman. Between 2009 and 2022, he played 13 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Montreal Canadiens, Nashville Predators, and New Jersey Devils. The Canadiens selected Subban in the second round, 43rd overall, of the 2007 NHL entry draft. In 2013, he won the Norris Trophy as the NHL's top defenceman, and tied with Kris Letang as the season's leading scorer among defencemen. In the summer of 2014, he signed an eight-year, $72 million contract with the Canadiens, running through the 2021–22 season. After the 2015–16 season, Subban was traded to the Nashville Predators, where he spent three seasons before being traded to New Jersey in 2019. He is now a broadcast analyst for the NHL on ESPN.
2024 Winnipeg National Bank Challenger
The 2024 Winnipeg National Bank Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 7th edition of the tournament and part of the 2024 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada between July 8 and 14, 2024.

2024 ATP Challenger Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour in 2024 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2024 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 207 tournaments with prize money ranging from $41,000 up to $225,500. It was the 47th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle and 16th under the name of Challenger Tour.
William Ley, 4th Earl of Marlborough
William Ley, 4th Earl of Marlborough (1612–1679) was an English peer, a member of the House of Lords from 1665 until his death.

A younger son of James Ley, 1st Earl of Marlborough, he married Margaret, a daughter of Sir William Hewett of Beccles, Suffolk. On 3 June 1665 he succeeded to the peerages on the death of his nephew James Ley, 3rd Earl of Marlborough (1618–1665).

When he died in 1679, with no surviving descendants, the peerages became extinct.

James Ley, 1st Earl of Marlborough
James Ley, 1st Earl of Marlborough (c. 1552–1629) was an English judge and politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1597 and 1622. He was Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench in Ireland and then in England, and was Lord High Treasurer from 1624 to 1628. On 31 December 1624, James I created him  Baron Ley, of Ley in the County of Devon, and on 5 February 1626, Charles I created him Earl of Marlborough. Both titles became extinct upon the death of the 4th Earl of Marlborough in 1679.