hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
George W. Merrill
George W. Merrill (June 26, 1837 – January 10, 1914) was an American politician of the 19th century. He was born in Turner, Maine. He graduated from Bowdoin College in 1859 before studying law. He was admitted to the bar in Indiana in 1861. During the American Civil War, he joined the 16th Indiana Infantry Regiment.

Merrill was District Attorney of Nye County, Nevada from 1864 to 1868. From 1874 to 1880, he served as District Attorney of Eureka County, Nevada, before being elected to the Nevada Legislature in 1880.

On April 2, 1885, nominated by President Grover Cleveland, Merrill was appointed U.S. Minister Resident (similar to modern-day ambassador)  to the Kingdom of Hawaii.  He presented his credentials on June 12, 1885, and was recalled on September 23, 1889.
He replaced Rollin M. Daggett, and was replaced by John L. Stevens. He later worked in San Francisco, California as a lawyer. He died there of an illness of seven weeks on January 10, 1914, aged 76.

John L. Stevens
John Leavitt Stevens (August 1, 1820 – February 8, 1895) was an American politician who served as the United States Minister to the Hawaiian Kingdom in 1893 when he conspired to overthrow Queen Liliuokalani in association with the Committee of Safety, led by Lorrin A. Thurston and Sanford B. Dole – the first Americans attempting to overthrow a foreign government under the auspices of a United States government officer. Apart from his work as a politician and diplomat, he was also a journalist, author, minister and newspaper publisher. He founded the Republican Party in Maine and served as Maine State Senator.
Deh Mazang
Deh Mazang (Dari: ده‌مزنگ), also spelled Demazang or Dih Mazang, is a hillside settlement in west Kabul, Afghanistan, located on the southern side of the Asamayi mountain. It forms part of District 3. Kabul Zoo is located to its south and Chindawol in the old city to its east. Deh Mazang is known for its former major prison which was made in the 1930s. The Deh Mazang Circle is located to its south, which connects the Asamayi Watt, Sevom Aqrab and Darulaman roads.

Mazang Khan Hilal was a pottery maker who settled in this area in the early 1700s and created clay pots, cups, and trays. People called it Deh Mazang (Mazang's Village). His family relocated and grew over the decades and was incorporated into Kabul City.

Chindawol
Chindawol or Chendavol (Dari: چنداول) is a neighborhood in the older section of Kabul, Afghanistan. It is located west of downtown Kabul, and south of Shahr-e-Now. Chindawol is also near the Asamai Mountains
Atwater, Saskatchewan
Atwater (2016 population: 30) is a village in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within the Rural Municipality of Fertile Belt No. 183 and Census Division No. 5. The village is approximately 45 kilometres (28 mi) southeast of the city of Melville on Highway 629.

Melville, Saskatchewan
Melville is a city in the east-central portion of Saskatchewan, Canada. The city is about 145 kilometres (90 mi) northeast of the provincial capital of Regina and 45 kilometres (28 mi) southwest of Yorkton. Melville is bordered by the rural municipalities of Cana No. 214 and Stanley No. 215. Its population at the 2016 census was 4,562, making it Saskatchewan's smallest city. It is also home of hockey's Melville Millionaires, who compete in the Saskatchewan Junior Hockey League, and baseball's Melville Millionaires, who competed in the Western Canadian Baseball League until 2019.
2012 NAIA Division I women's basketball tournament
The 2012 NAIA Division I women's basketball tournament was the tournament held by the NAIA to determine the national champion of women's college basketball among its Division I members in the United States and Canada for the 2011–12 basketball season.

Oklahoma City defeated Union (TN) in the championship game, 69–48, to claim the Stars' sixth NAIA national title and first since 2002.

The tournament was played at the Frankfort Convention Center in Frankfort, Kentucky, the first venue change for the event since 1990.

2002 NAIA Division I women's basketball tournament
The 2002 NAIA Division I women's basketball tournament was the tournament held by the NAIA to determine the national champion of women's college basketball among its Division I members in the United States and Canada for the 2001–02 basketball season.

Three-time defending champions Oklahoma City defeated Southern Nazarene in the championship game, 82–73, to claim the Stars' fifth NAIA national title.

The tournament was played at the Oman Arena in Jackson, Tennessee.
Athletics at the 2006 Lusofonia Games
The athletics competitions at the 2006 Lusophone Games were held in the Macau Stadium on October 11 and 12. Brazil was the dominating delegation taking 19 out of 30 gold medals (63% of the total), while Sri Lanka managed to grab all three of gold medals it won in the Games in this sport. A total of 31 events were held, comprising 15 corresponding events for men and women, plus the men's 3000 metres steeplechase.

Although the competition primarily featured junior and lower-quality senior international athletes, a number of well-known performers competed, including Susanthika Jayasinghe of Sri Lanka (who completed a 100 and 200 metres double), 1996 Olympic champion Fernanda Ribeiro and Portuguese triple jumper Nelson Évora.

2006 Lusofonia Games
The 2006 Lusofonia Games (Portuguese: 1.os Jogos da Lusofonia; Chinese: 第一屆葡語系運動會) were held in the Macau Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China between 7 and 15 October 2006. The 2006 Games were the first edition of this multi-sport event for Portuguese-speaking countries and territories, under the banner of ACOLOP.

The site for the opening ceremony was the Macau Stadium and the closing ceremony was held at the Macau East Asian Games Dome. The mascot for the games was a dog named Leo. The pronunciation of "Leo" in Portuguese is similar to Chinese (嚟澳; Lei O) and it means "Come to Macau".

Due to the high expenses, some of the participating NOCs received financial support from the International Olympic Committee and Olympic Committee of Portugal.
Ancient Egyptian units of measurement
The ancient Egyptian units of measurement are those used by the dynasties of ancient Egypt prior to its incorporation in the Roman Empire and general adoption of Roman, Greek, and Byzantine units of measurement. The units of length seem to have originally been anthropic, based on various parts of the human body, although these were standardized using cubit rods, strands of rope, and official measures maintained at some temples.

Following Alexander the Great's conquest of Persia and subsequent death, his bodyguard and successor Ptolemy assumed control in Egypt, partially reforming its measurements, introducing some new units and hellenized names for others.

Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt
The Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XIX), also known as the Ramessid  dynasty, is classified as the second Dynasty of the Ancient Egyptian New Kingdom period, lasting from 1292 BC to 1189 BC. The 19th Dynasty and the 20th Dynasty furthermore together constitute an era known as the Ramesside period. This Dynasty was founded by Vizier Ramesses I, whom Pharaoh Horemheb chose as his successor to the throne.
Kelly Butte (Washington)
Kelly Butte is a 5,417-foot-elevation (1,651-meter) summit located in the southeast corner of King County in Washington state. It is set on land managed by Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest, and situated 3.1 mi (5.0 km) northwest of Colquhoun Peak and five miles west of the crest of the Cascade Range. Precipitation runoff from Kelly Butte drains into tributaries of the Green River. Topographic relief is significant as the west aspect rises 3,000 feet (910 meters) above Rock Creek in one mile. Access is via the 1.7-mile Kelly Butte Trail which leads to a restored, historical fire lookout tower originally constructed in 1926 and occupying the summit. Flora along the trail includes lilies, bear grass, Indian paintbrush, penstemon, arnica, columbine, lupine, phlox, and huckleberry. This geographical feature's name has been officially adopted by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names.

Mount Baker–Snoqualmie National Forest
The Mount Baker–Snoqualmie National Forest in Washington is a National Forest extending more than 140 miles (230 km) along the western slopes of the Cascade Range from the Canada–US border to the northern boundary of Mount Rainier National Park. It is administered by the United States Forest Service, which has headquarter offices for this forest in Everett. Local ranger district offices are in North Bend and Skykomish.
Mangkunegara II
Mangkunegara II, 2nd Duke of Mangkunegaran (born Bendara Raden Mas Sulama, 5 January 1768 – 17 January 1836) was the second ruler of Mangkunegaran in Java in the eighteenth century who succeeded to the throne of his grandfather, Mangkunegara I. His reign lasted from 1796 to 1835. Mangkunegara II was the son of Crown Prince Arya Prabumijaya I, who was the son of Mangkunegara I. Upon his death in 1835, he was the last male descendant Prince Sambernyawa to be named the Duke of Mangkunegaran.

Pakualaman
The Principality of Pakualaman (also written Paku Alaman; Dutch-spelling: Pakoe-alaman) is a minor Javanese princely state within the Sultanate of Yogyakarta. It was created in 1812 when Natakusuma (later Prince Paku Alam I) was rewarded for helping the British quell the conflict in Yogyakarta in June 1812. It became the mirror image of Mangkunegaran in the territory of the Surakarta Sunanate.

A Pakualaman Corps of 100 cavalry (later 50 cavalry and 100 infantry) was established, but was never to become as significant as the Mangkunegaran Legion, and disbanded in 1892. Due to Paku Alam VIII's role in the Indonesian independence movement, a law was passed to allow the position of vice-governor of the Yogyakarta Special Region to be filled hereditarily by the reigning Prince Paku Alam at any particular time, while the Sultans of Yogyakarta fills the role of Governor on a hereditary basis.
1882 men's tennis season
The 1882 men's tennis season  incorporated 72 events. The Wimbledon Championships and Irish Championships was won by William Renshaw, the U.S. National Championships was won by Richard Sears collecting his second title. Other big winners were Richard Taswell Richardson picking up the Northern Lawn Tennis Championships and Ernest Renshaw winning the Princes Club Championships, The title leader this season was Robert W. Braddell winning 4 tournaments from 6 finals.

The season started in April in Brighton, England and ended in November in Melbourne, Australia.

Thomas Braddell
Sir Thomas Braddell CMG FRGS  (30 January 1823 – 19 September 1891) was an Irish lawyer, the first Attorney-General of the British Colony of Singapore.

He was born in Rahingrany, County Wicklow and called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1859. He took the role of Attorney-General of Singapore from 1 April 1867 to 1 January 1883. In 1883, his son Thomas de Multon Lee Braddell was himself attorney-general and, with his brother Robert Wallace Glen Lee Braddell founded the Singapore legal firm of Braddell Brothers.

In the 1850s, he published historical works on the early settlement of Singapore in the Journal of the Indian Archipelago.
En barkbåt till Eddie
En barkbåt till Eddie is a 1992 children's book by Viveca Sundvall. The book is the second in the Eddie series and is set in western Sweden.

The book was nominated to the August Prize in the category "Swedish children's and youth book of the year".

Eddie (book series)
The Eddie series (Swedish: Eddieserien) is a book series written by  Viveca Lärn (earlier Viveca Sundvall) about Eddie, a boy in early primary school. The books were originally published between 1991 and 2001, and make up a spin-off series set in the Mimmi universe. The books are told from a third-person perspective and the main character, Eddie, is the brother of Mimmi's friend Anders. Eddie's father is an alcoholic when the stories begin.

In 1994, a television series based on the books and named Håll huvet kallt was produced. It aired as Sveriges Television's Christmas calendar that year.
Beenakia dacostae
Beenakia dacostae is commonly found growing around parts of Victoria and Tasmania, Australia. Found in the family Clavariadelphaceae this small, stalked fungus has a very smooth, white, wavy cap. Pale olive-brown teeth underneath the cap are long, pointed and extend part way down the stem.

Clavariadelphaceae
The Clavariadelphaceae are a family of fungi belonging in what is classically known as the Gomphales order, or cladistically as the gomphoid-phalloid clade. First described by British botanist E.J.H. Corner in 1970, the family has 2 genera and 26 species.
Priests' Communion League
The Priests' Communion League is an association of Roman Catholic priests established at Rome on 20 July 1906. Its object is to spread the practice of frequent and daily Communion among the Catholic faithful in conformity with the Decree "Sacra Tridentina Synodus" of 20 December 1905.

It was raised by Pope Pius X to the dignity of an archconfraternity and was placed in the charge of the Fathers of the Blessed Sacrament.

The conditions for joining the league were:

To have one's name inscribed on the register of the league;

to pledge oneself (though under no obligation of conscience) to promote zealously the observance of the Decree upon frequent and daily Communion by the apostolate of prayer, of preaching, and of the press;

to subscribe for the monthly periodical Emmanuel, published by the Fathers of the Blessed Sacrament.

Archconfraternity
An archconfraternity (Spanish: archicofradía) is a Catholic confraternity, empowered to aggregate or affiliate other confraternities of the same nature, and to impart to them its benefits and privileges.
2004 WNBL Finals
The 2004 WNBL Finals was the postseason tournament of the WNBL's 2003–04 season. The Canberra Capitals were the two-time defending champions, but were defeated in the Semi-finals by Adelaide. The Dandenong Rangers won the Grand Final over the Sydney Uni Flames, 63–53, taking home their first ever WNBL title.

2003–04 WNBL season
The 2003–04 WNBL season was the 24th season of competition since its establishment in 1981. A total of 8 teams contested the league.

Broadcast rights were held by free-to-air network ABC. ABC broadcast one game a week, at 1:00PM at every standard time in Australia.

Molten provided equipment including the official game ball, with Hoop2Hoop supplying team apparel.
Liangshan Dog
The Liangshan Dog (Chinese: 凉山犬) is a medium-sized scenthound originally bred by the Yi people of Liangshan Yi Prefecture in Sichuan province, China. Liangshan dogs are prized for their tracking ability, endurance and ferocity while hunting wild boar in mountainous terrain. Liangshan dogs hunt a variety of prey at variable altitudes and climates and are often deliberately underfed to improve drive to be successful.

Yi people
The Yi or Nuosu people (Nuosu: ꆈꌠ, [nɔ̄sū]; Chinese: 彝族; pinyin: Yízú; see also § Names and subgroups) are an ethnic group in southern China. Numbering nine million people, they are the sixth largest of the 55 ethnic minority groups recognized by the Chinese government. They live primarily in rural areas of Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, and Guangxi, usually in mountainous regions. The Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture is home to the largest population of Yi people within China, with two million Yi people in the region. In neighbouring Vietnam, as of 2019, there are 4,827 Lô Lô people (a subgroup of the Yi) living in the Hà Giang, Cao Bằng, and Lào Cai provinces, in the country's north.

The Yi speak various Loloish languages, closely related to Burmese. The prestige variety is Nuosu, which is written in the Yi script.
R Velorum
R Velorum can refer to two different stars:

HD 87816 used to go by the variable star designation R Velorum, but now is not suspected to be variable, and the designation has been dropped. It has two known exoplanets.

HD 89998 goes by the Bayer designation r Velorum.

HD 89998
HD 89998 (r Velorum) is a single star in the southern constellation of Vela. It is a faint star but visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.82. The distance to HD 89998, as determined from its annual parallax shift of 15.9 mas, is 205 light years. The star is moving further from the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of +21 km/s, having come within 140 ly some 1.552 million years ago.

This is an evolved giant star with a stellar classification of K1 III. The measured angular diameter of this star, after correcting for limb darkening, is 1.72±0.02 mas. At the estimated distance of  this star, this yields a physical size of 11.6 times the radius of the Sun. It is radiating 56 times the Sun's luminosity from its enlarged photosphere at en effective temperature of 4,761 K.
2022 Fitzgibbon Cup
The 2022 Fitzgibbon Cup was the 105th staging of the Fitzgibbon Cup since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1912. It is sponsored by Electric Ireland, and known as the Electric Ireland HE GAA Fitzgibbon Cup for sponsorship purposes. The draw for the group stage fixtures took place on 14 December 2020. The 2022 Fitzgibbon Cup started with the group stage on 19 January 2022 and ended on 19 February 2022.

University College Cork were the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Institute of Technology, Carlow at the quarter-final stage.

The final was played on 19 February 2022 at the Institute of Technology, Carlow, between the University of Limerick and NUI Galway, in what was their first ever meeting in a final. The University of Limerick won the match by 1–21 to 2–15 to claim their seventh Fitzgibbon Cup title overall and a first title since 2018.

NUI Galway's Evan Niland was the top scorer with 0-79.

2020 Fitzgibbon Cup
The 2020 Fitzgibbon Cup was the 104th staging of the Fitzgibbon Cup since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1912. It is sponsored by Electric Ireland, and known as the Electric Ireland HE GAA Fitzgibbon Cup for sponsorship purposes. The draw for the group stage fixtures took place on 4 December 2019. The 2020 Fitzgibbon Cup started with the group stage on 12 January 2020 and ended on 12 February 2020.

University College Cork were the defending champions.

On 12 February 2020, University College Cork won the Fitzgibbon Cup after a 0–18 to 2–11 defeat of the Institute of Technology, Carlow in the final.  This was their 40th cup title overall and their second title in succession.

University of Limerick's Cian Darcy was the Fitzgibbon Cup top scorer with 2-45.
Flesh (Szalay novel)
Flesh, published in 2025, is the sixth novel by David Szalay. It tells a rags-to-riches story, about a young Hungarian man named István. He lives an impulsive lifestyle, making rash decisions without thinking them through. After his sexual awakening, juvenile detention, military service and a series of menial jobs, István becomes a rich married socialite in London. This success brings him some contentment, but István's largely unchanged personality generates conflict with his new family.

Some critics praised the novel's lean prose, compelling story and taciturn protagonist. Others reacted negatively to the decision to omit many important events in István's life from the narrative, and to his sparse, limited dialogue.

The work won the 2025 Booker Prize. The chair of the judging panel, the author Roddy Doyle, described the work as "singular" in its narrative style. Doyle further stated that the sparseness of the novel invited the reader to engage with the character.

Rags to riches
Rags to riches (also rags-to-riches) refers to any situation in which a person rises from poverty to wealth, a form of social mobility. It is a frequent trope in fictional storytelling, where it is frequently portrayed as due to talent. The process can sometimes occur in real life, but the probability for any given person is very low, and depends chiefly on luck (e.g. winning a lottery) or inheritance.
Western Beylik
The Beylik of the West (in Arabic: bâylik al-gharb) was one of three Beyliks (governorates) of the Regency of Algiers, with the other two being the Beylik of Titteri and the Beylik of Constantine. It was established in 1563, and it was ended during the French conquest.

Mascara, Algeria
Mascara (Arabic: معسكر, romanized: Muʿaskar), also spelled Maskara, is the capital city of Mascara Province in Algeria. It has 150,000 inhabitants (2008 estimate). It was founded in the 10th century by the Banu Ifran, and is famous for being the hometown of Emir Abd al-Qadir, a leader of the Algerian resistance to early French colonial rule in the 19th century.

Mascara is an administrative, commercial and a market centre. Its trade is mostly centered on leather goods, grains, and olive oil, but it is especially famous for its good wine. It has good road and rail connections with other urban centres of Algeria. Relizane is 65 kilometres (40 miles) northeast, Sidi Bel Abbès 90 km (56 mi) southwest, Oran 105 kkm northwest and Saïda 80 km (50 mi) south.

Mascara has two parts, a newer French area, and an older Muslim one. Large parts of the town lie inside the ruins of its ancient ramparts. The city is the home of Lakhdar Belloumi, a former Algerian football (soccer) star.
2022 Vuelta a España, Stage 12 to Stage 21
The 2022 Vuelta a España was the 77th edition of Vuelta a España, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Vuelta began in Utrecht on 19 August, and Stage 12 from Salobreña to Peñas Blancas occurred on 1 September. The race finished in Madrid on 11 September.

2022 Vuelta a España
The 2022 Vuelta a España was a three-week cycling race which took place in the Netherlands and Spain between 19 August and 11 September 2022. It was the 77th edition of the Vuelta a España and the third and final grand tour of the 2022 men's road cycling season. The race started in Utrecht and finished in Madrid. In the third stage, the route briefly passed through Baarle-Hertog, in Belgium.

The race was won by Belgium's Remco Evenepoel which was his first Grand Tour triumph.
4th Texas Infantry Regiment
The 4th Texas Infantry Regiment was a unit of Confederate States Army infantry volunteers that was created in 1861 and fought in the Army of Northern Virginia during the American Civil War. As part of the famous Texas Brigade, the regiment fought at Eltham's Landing, Seven Pines, Gaines's Mill, Second Bull Run, South Mountain, Antietam, and Fredericksburg in 1862. It fought at Suffolk, Gettysburg, Chickamauga and Wauhatchie in 1863 and the Wilderness, Spotsylvania, Cold Harbor, and the Siege of Petersburg in 1864. The regiment surrendered to Federal forces on 9 April 1865 after the Battle of Appomattox Court House.

Army of Northern Virginia
The Army of Northern Virginia was a field army of the Confederate States Army in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War. It was also the primary command structure of the Department of Northern Virginia. It was most often arrayed against the Union's Army of the Potomac.
Nowosiółki, Podkarpackie Voivodeship
Nowosiółki [nɔvɔˈɕuu̯kʲi] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Baligród, within Lesko County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. Notable attractions include a nature museum and two churches.

Baligród
Baligród [baˈlʲiɡrut] is a village in Lesko County, in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship (province) of south-eastern Poland. It is also the seat of the municipality (gmina) called Gmina Baligród. From 1 January 1999 until 1 January 2002 it was located in Bieszczady County.