hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2024 in archosaur paleontology
This article records new taxa of every kind of fossil archosaur that are scheduled to be described during 2024, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to the paleontology of archosaurs published in 2024.

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Maniraptora
Maniraptora is a clade of coelurosaurian dinosaurs which includes birds and the non-avian dinosaurs that were more closely related to them than to Ornithomimus velox. It contains the major subgroups Avialae, Dromaeosauridae, Troodontidae, Oviraptorosauria, and Therizinosauria. Ornitholestes and the Alvarezsauroidea are also often included. Together with the next closest sister group, the Ornithomimosauria, Maniraptora comprises the more inclusive clade Maniraptoriformes. Maniraptorans first appear in the fossil record during the Jurassic Period (see Eshanosaurus), and survive today as living birds.
Bhanugupta
Bhanugupta was one of the lesser
known kings of the Gupta dynasty. He is only known  from an inscription in Eran, and a mention in the Manjushri-mula-kalpa.

Only mentioned in the Eran inscription as a "Raja" and not a "Maharaja" or a "Maharajadhiraja" as would be customary for a Gupta Empire ruler, Bhanugupta may only have been a Governor for the region of Malwa, under Gupta Emperor Narasimhagupta.

John Faithfull Fleet
John Faithfull Fleet C.I.E (1847 – 21 February 1917) was an English civil servant with the Indian Civil Service and became known as a historian, epigraphist and linguist.  His research in Indian epigraphy and history, conducted in India over a thirty-year period, is published in books including  Pali, Sanskrit and Old Canarese Inscriptions, The Dynasties of the Kanarese Districts of The Bombay Presidency from the earliest historical times to the Musalman Conquest, and The Inscriptions of The Early Gupta Kings and their Successors. He was a regular contributor to works journals covering Indian history.  His published well-regarded works on inscriptions in the Sanskrit, Pali and Kannada languages and on the history of dynasties such as the Guptas, Kadambas, Aulikaras, Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas and Seunas.
2018 NBA playoffs
The 2018 NBA playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association's 2017–18 season. The playoffs began on April 14, 2018, and ended on June 8, with the Western Conference champion Golden State Warriors sweeping the Eastern Conference champion Cleveland Cavaliers 4–0. Kevin Durant was named the NBA Finals MVP for the second straight year.

NBA playoffs
The NBA playoffs is the annual postseason  tournament of the National Basketball Association (NBA) held after the league's regular season to determine the league champion. The playoffs date back to 1947 when the NBA was then known as the Basketball Association of America, and eventually expanded to the present-day four-round, best-of-seven tournament in 2003. Since 2020, it has been held after the preliminary postseason tournament, the NBA play-in tournament. Under the current postseason format since 2021, six teams from each of the two conferences automatically advance to the playoffs based on regular season winning percentage, while those teams finishing seventh through tenth from each conference first compete in the play-in tournament to determine the final two playoff seeds. The playoffs culminate with the NBA Finals, where both conference champions from the NBA conference finals play each other.
Squares (crisps)
Squares, formerly known as Square and Square Crisps, are a British brand of square-shaped snack made by Walkers, a subsidiary of PepsiCo, and sold in Britain. They were originally made by Smiths Food Group.

Potato chips
Potato chips (North American and Australian English; often just chips) or crisps (British and Irish English) are thin slices of potato (or a thin deposit of potato paste) that have been deep-fried, baked, or air-fried until crunchy. They are commonly served as a snack, appetizer or side dish. Basic potato chips are cooked and salted; additional varieties are manufactured using various seasonings, flavorings and ingredients including herbs, spices, cheeses, other natural flavors, artificial flavors, and additives.

Potato chips form a large part of the snack food and convenience food market in Western countries. The global potato chip market generated total revenue of US$16.49 billion in 2005. This accounted for 35.5% of the total savory snacks market in that year (which was $46.1 billion overall).
Vijay Rural Engineering College
Vijay Rural Engineering College, also known as VREC, is a private engineering and polytechnic college established in 1997 in Nizamabad, Telangana, India. It is 8 kilometres (5 miles) away from Nizamabad railway station and 9 kilometres (5.6 miles) from Nizamabad Bus Station.The college is affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad and approved by All India Council for Technical Education, New Delhi.

Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad
Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad (JNTU Hyderabad) is a public university, located in Hyderabad, Telangana. Founded in 1965 as the Nagarjuna Sagar Engineering College, it was established as a university in 1972 by The Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Act, 1972. The university is situated at Kukatpally Housing Board Region in Hyderabad of India.
Jayme Davis
Jayme M. Davis is an American politician serving as a member of the North Dakota House of Representatives since 2022. Originally elected to represent district 9A, she has represented the reconstituted 9th district since 2024. Davis is the Co-Chair of the North Dakota Future Caucus, alongside Dawson Holle.

In 2024, Davis was selected for the Future Caucus Innovation Fellowship as part of the Criminal Justice Reform cohort, a bipartisan coalition of Gen Z and millennial lawmakers interested in creating policies to improve the criminal justice system.

Dawson Holle
Dawson Holle (born November 25, 2003) is an American politician who has served in the North Dakota House of Representatives from the 31st district since 2023. Holle is the youngest elected lawmaker in the history of the state at age 18.
National qualifications frameworks in the United Kingdom
The national qualification frameworks in the United Kingdom are qualifications frameworks that define and link the levels and credit values of different qualifications.

The current frameworks are:

The Regulated Qualifications Framework (RQF) for general and vocational qualifications regulated by Ofqual in England and the Council for the Curriculum, Examinations and Assessment (CCEA) in Northern Ireland;

The Credit and Qualifications Framework for Wales (CQFW) in Wales, regulated by Qualifications Wales;

The Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework (SCQF)  in Scotland;

The Frameworks for Higher Education Qualifications of UK Degree-Awarding Bodies (FHEQ) for qualifications awarded by bodies across the United Kingdom with degree-awarding powers.

Credit frameworks use the Credit Accumulation and Transfer Scheme, where 1 credit = 10 hours of nominal learning.

National qualifications framework
A national qualifications framework (NQF) is a formal system describing qualifications. 47 countries participating in the Bologna Process are committed to producing a national qualifications framework. Other countries not part of this process also have national qualifications frameworks.
F. Matthias Alexander
Frederick Matthias Alexander (20 January 1869 – 10 October 1955) was an Australian actor and author who developed the Alexander Technique, an educational process said to recognize and overcome reactive, habitual limitations in movement and thinking.

Charles Scott Sherrington
Sir Charles Scott Sherrington (27 November 1857 – 4 March 1952) was a British neurophysiologist. His experimental research established many aspects of contemporary neuroscience, including the concept of the spinal reflex as a system involving connected neurons (the "neuron doctrine"), and the ways in which signal transmission between neurons can be potentiated or depotentiated. Sherrington himself coined the word "synapse" to define the connection between two neurons. His book The Integrative Action of the Nervous System (1906) is a synthesis of this work, in recognition of which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1932 (along with Edgar Adrian).

In addition to his work in physiology, Sherrington did research in histology, bacteriology, and pathology. He was president of the Royal Society in the early 1920s.
Mohd Na'im Mokhtar
Mohd Na'im bin Mokhtar (Jawi: محمد نعيم بن مختار; born 25 November 1967) is a Malaysian politician, lawyer and legal scholar who has served as a Senator since December 2022. He served as the Minister in the Prime Minister's Department in charge of Religious Affairs in the Anwar Ibrahim cabinet from December 2022 to December 2025. He served as 4th Chief Judge of the Syariah Court from April 2019 to his appointment as a minister in December 2022. He was one of the two independent Cabinet ministers alongside the Minister of Finance II Amir Hamzah Azizan and the sole independent Cabinet minister before the 2023 cabinet reshuffle.

Amir Hamzah Azizan
Amir Hamzah bin Azizan (Jawi: أمير حمزه عزيزان, Malay pronunciation: [amir hamzah]; born 1967) is a Malaysian politician and corporate figure who has served as the Minister of Finance II and Senator since December 2023. He served as the chief executive officer (CEO) of the Employees Provident Fund (EPF) from March 2021 to his resignation and political appointments in December 2023. He is the eldest son of Azizan Zainul Abidin, the former Chairman, President and CEO of Petronas.
São José Esporte Clube
São José Esporte Clube, more commonly referred to as São José or São José-SP, is a Brazilian football club based in São José dos Campos, São Paulo. The team compete in Campeonato Paulista Série A2, the second tier of the São Paulo state football league. Its home stadium is Estádio Martins Pereira, which has a maximum capacity of 12,234.

Campeonato Paulista Série A4
Campeonato Paulista Série A4 (previous known as Campeonato Paulista Segunda Divisão) is the fourth tier of the professional state football league in the Brazilian state of São Paulo. It is run by the São Paulo State Football Federation (FPF).
Patoka, New Zealand
Patoka is a rural community in the Hastings District and Hawke's Bay Region of New Zealand's North Island. It is located at base of the Kaweka Range and Kaweka Forest Park.

The area has been used for pastoral sheep and dairy farming since the 19th century. It promotes itself on its rolling countryside,  high rainfall and free-draining paddocks.

Hastings District, New Zealand
Hastings District is a territorial authority district within the Hawke's Bay region, on the east coast of the North Island of New Zealand. It includes the southern half of the Hawke Bay coast, excluding Napier City, which is under a separate territorial authority. Hastings District Council is headquartered in the city of Hastings, the district's largest town.

The district has an area of 5,227 square kilometres. The population was 88,300 as of June 2025, which is 1.7% of the population of New Zealand, ranking it tenth in population size out of the seventy-four territorial authorities. This comprises 49,800 people in the Hastings urban area, 15,000 people in the Havelock North urban area, 2,040 people in the Clive urban area, and 21,460 people in rural areas and settlements.

Mayor Sandra Hazlehurst was elected in a by-election in 2017, and re-elected in the 2019 election.
Medcouple
In statistics, the medcouple is a robust statistic that measures the skewness of a univariate distribution.  It is defined as a scaled median difference between the left and right half of a distribution. Its robustness makes it suitable for identifying outliers in adjusted boxplots. Ordinary box plots do not fare well with skew distributions, since they label the longer unsymmetrical tails as outliers. Using the medcouple, the whiskers of a boxplot can be adjusted for skew distributions and thus have a more accurate identification of outliers for non-symmetrical distributions.

As a kind of order statistic, the medcouple belongs to the class of incomplete generalised L-statistics. Like the ordinary median or mean, the medcouple is a nonparametric statistic, thus it can be computed for any distribution.

Weighted median
In statistics, a weighted median of a sample is the 50% weighted percentile. It was first proposed by F. Y. Edgeworth in 1888. Like the median, it is useful as an estimator of central tendency, robust against outliers. It allows for non-uniform statistical weights related to, e.g., varying precision measurements in the sample.
Knock Shrine
The Sanctuary of Our Lady of Knock, commonly referred to as Knock Shrine, is a Roman Catholic pilgrimage site and national shrine in the village of Knock, County Mayo, Ireland, where locals claimed to have seen an apparition in 1879 of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Saint Joseph, Saint John the Evangelist, angels, and Jesus Christ (the Lamb of God).

Margaret Anna Cusack
Margaret Anna Cusack (in religion Mary Francis Clare Cusack; 6 May 1829 – 5 June 1899), also known as Mother Margaret and the Nun of Kenmare, was a former Irish Catholic nun who founded the Sisters of St. Joseph of Peace before returning to Anglicanism (the faith of her youth). She lived in Ireland, England, and the United States.

By 1870 more than 200,000 copies of her works which ranged from biographies of saints to pamphlets on social issues had circulated throughout the world, the proceeds from which went towards victims of the Famine of 1879 and helping to feed the poor. An independent and controversial figure, Cusack was a passionate Irish nationalist, often at odds with the ecclesiastical hierarchy.
Bügsiin River
Bügsiin River (Mongolian: Бүгсийн Гол) is a river in the Khövsgöl aimag in Mongolia. It starts in the Bürentogtokh sum near the eastern end of Sangiin Dalai Lake, passes by the Tömörbulag sum center Jargalant and ends in the Tömörbulag sum at the Delger mörön River, very close to its confluence with the Ider River into the Selenge.

Bürentogtokh, Khövsgöl
Bürentogtokh (Mongolian: Бүрэнтогтох, lit. "to set completely") is a sum (district) of Khövsgöl aimag (province of Mongolia). The area is about 3,760 km², of which 2,870 km² are pasture. In 2005, the sum had 4251 inhabitants, mainly Khalkha and Khotgoid. The center, officially named Bayan (Mongolian: Баян) is situated on the banks of the Delgermörön river, 51 km west of Mörön and 722 kilometers from Ulaanbaatar.
Fourth Ward Historic District (Albuquerque, New Mexico)
The Fourth Ward Historic District is a historic district in Albuquerque, New Mexico which encompasses an area between Downtown and Old Town which is roughly bounded by Central Avenue, 8th Street and Keleher Avenue, Lomas Boulevard, and 15th Street. It is named for its location in the city's former fourth political ward. The district is almost entirely residential and developed at a "leisurely pace" between the 1880s and 1930s. As a result, it includes houses in a wide variety of sizes and styles including Queen Anne, Italianate, Tudor, Dutch Colonial, Prairie School, Mediterranean, Pueblo, Territorial, Mission, and Bungalow. The district was added to the New Mexico State Register of Cultural Properties in 1979 and the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

The district includes two properties which are also individually listed on the National Register, the J. H. O'Rielly House and Berthold Spitz House.

New Mexico State Register of Cultural Properties
The New Mexico State Register of Cultural Properties is a register of historic and prehistoric properties located in the state of New Mexico. It is maintained by the New Mexico Historic Preservation Division of the New Mexico Department of Cultural Affairs. The Cultural Properties Review Committee meets at least six times a year. The committee lists properties in the State Register and forwards nominations to the National Register.
Shear (geology)
In geology, shear is the response of a rock to deformation usually by compressive stress and forms particular textures. Shear can be homogeneous or non-homogeneous, and may be pure shear or simple shear.  Study of geological shear is related to the study of structural geology, rock microstructure or rock texture and fault mechanics.

The process of shearing occurs within brittle, brittle-ductile, and ductile rocks. Within purely brittle rocks, compressive stress results in fracturing and simple faulting.

Structural geology
Structural geology is the study of the three-dimensional distribution of rock units with respect to their deformational histories. The primary goal of structural geology is to use measurements of present-day rock geometries to uncover information about the history of deformation (strain) in the rocks, and ultimately, to understand the stress field that resulted in the observed strain and geometries. This understanding of the dynamics of the stress field can be linked to important events in the geologic past; a common goal is to understand the structural evolution of a particular area with respect to regionally widespread patterns of rock deformation (e.g., mountain building, rifting) due to plate tectonics.
Rachael Parker
Rachael Louise Parker is a Canadian Anglican bishop. She has been the eighth bishop of Brandon in the Anglican Church of Canada since 2024. Prior to her election in November 2023, she was rector of a three-church rural parish in the Diocese of Edmonton, where she also served as rural ministries archdeacon. Parker also served in ordained ministry in the dioceses of Huron and Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island. In 2021, she was a candidate for diocesan bishop in the Diocese of Edmonton.

Diocese of Brandon
The Diocese of Brandon is a diocese of the Ecclesiastical Province of the Northern Lights of the Anglican Church of Canada. It has an area of 170,000 square kilometres (65,000 sq mi). Its cathedral is St. Matthew's Cathedral in Brandon, which was established in 1952.

The first synod of the diocese of Brandon was held on 24 June 1924. St Matthew's church in Brandon was declared a pro-cathedral in May, 1945 and upgraded to full cathedral status on October 5, 1952. The then rector of St Matthew's, B.O. Whitfield, was appointed the first Dean of Brandon in 1957.
Forrestfield, North Lanarkshire
Forrestfield is a small settlement in North Lanarkshire, Scotland. It is located on the A89 road, 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) east of Caldercruix and 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) west of Blackridge. Until 1956 the settlement had a railway station on the former Bathgate and Coatbridge Railway. This line reopened in 2010 as the Airdrie–Bathgate rail link, although Forrestfield station was not reopened. Cairneyhill Quarry, a whinstone quarry operated by Tarmac, lies 0.5 kilometres (0.31 mi) to the south of Forrestfield.

Caldercruix
Caldercruix /ˌkɔːldərˈkruks/ is a semi-rural village in North Lanarkshire, Scotland. The nearest major town is Airdrie, 4 miles (6 kilometres) to the west. It has a population of about 2,440. The village is about 20 miles (30 kilometres) east of Glasgow and 32 miles (51 kilometres) west of Edinburgh.

The local Church of Scotland congregation is the Caldercruix and Longriggend Parish Church and the local Roman Catholic Church is Saint Mary's located on Glen Road.

The village is home to an active community council. There is a combined primary school (Glengowan/St. Mary's Primary School) which serves the village and surrounding rural area.
Upper Austrian Prealps
The Upper Austrian Prealps (German: Oberösterreichische Voralpen) is a mountain range in Austria which, according to the Categorisation of the Eastern Alps, covers the region between the valley of the Traun (Gmunden) in the west and the Enns valley in the east, from Steyr in the north. It is usually counted as part of the Enns- and Steyrtal Prealps and Salzkammergut Prealps (separated somewhat by the Steyr valley). Politically it covers the districts of Steyr-Land and Kirchdorf. Large parts are located within the Limestone Alps National Park.

It includes the following mountain groups:

Sengsengebirge

Reichraminger Hintergebirge

Other well-known peaks are the:

Kremsmauer

Kasberg

Traunstein

The Totes Gebirge range in the south is no longer counted as part of the Prealps, but the Upper Austrian Limestone High Alps. The AVE classifies it as its own group.

Traunstein (mountain)
Traunstein (German: [ˈtʁaʊ̯nˌʃ͡taɪ̯n]) is the highest mountain on the east bank of Traunsee in the district of Gmunden, Austria. As measured by the height above sea level of its summit it is 1,691 metres (5,548 ft) high. Because of its almost vertical walls ending directly in the lake and secluded, advanced position Traunstein looks like a boulder in the landscape. Its distinctive silhouette is visible from a great distance therefore it is often called a guardian of the Salzkammergut.

Traunsteinhütte (Naturfreundehütte)

Gmundnerhütte

Summit cross

Traunsee from Gmundnerberg
Elwill M. Shanahan
Elwill M. Shanahan (September 22, 1912 – October 5, 1983) was an American politician who served as the Secretary of State of Kansas from 1966 to 1978.

She died of cancer on October 5, 1983, in Topeka, Kansas at age 71.

Secretary of State of Kansas
The secretary of state of Kansas is one of the constitutional officers of the U.S. state of Kansas. The current secretary of state is the former speaker pro tempore of the Kansas House of Representatives, Scott Schwab, who was sworn in on January 14, 2019.
Brown Sugar (group)
Brown Sugar was a British, London-based female vocal group who formed in 1976. The members were Pauline Catlin, Caron Wheeler and Carol Simms. Although short lived, the trio were influential and topped the British Reggae Chart on three occasions.

Dennis Brown
Dennis Emmanuel Brown CD (1 February 1957 – 1 July 1999) was a Jamaican reggae singer. During his prolific career, which began in the late 1960s when he was aged eleven, he recorded more than 75 albums and was one of the major stars of lovers rock, a subgenre of reggae. Bob Marley cited Brown as his favourite singer, dubbing him "The Crown Prince of Reggae", and Brown would prove influential on future generations of reggae singers.
Robert Hillberg
Robert Hillberg (August 27, 1917 – August 12, 2012) was a firearm designer and the head of Research & Development at the High Standard Manufacturing Company. His designs included the folding shotgun stock, the Whitney Wolverine lightweight pistol, Wildey .45 gas-operated pistol, COP .357 Derringer pistol, and M60 machine gun. Hillberg developed a variety of insurgency weapons, primarily multiple barrel shotguns, which could be covertly distributed to partisan forces fighting in the United States' national interests. Gun Digest editors have described Hillberg as a "national treasure."

Hillberg carbine
The Hillberg carbine was a light rifle concept for the US armed forces during WW2. It featured a gas-operated operation that moved the barrel forward rather than the bolt to the rear. The layout of the rifle was later used in the Whitney Wolverine pistol.