hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gnaeus Servilius Caepio (consul 169 BC)
Gnaeus Servilius Caepio was a Roman statesman. The son of the consul of 203 BC, Gnaeus Servilius Caepio, he also served as consul in 169 BC alongside Quintus Marcius Philippus. He had previously served as curule aedile in 179 BC and as praetor in 174, when he obtained the province of Further Spain.

He had at least three sons, Quintus Fabius Maximus Servilianus, the consul of 142 BC; Gnaeus Servilius Caepio, the consul of 141 BC and censor in 125; and Quintus Servilius Caepio, who was consul in 140 BC.

Gnaeus Servilius Caepio (consul 203 BC)
Gnaeus Servilius Caepio (died 174 BC) was a Roman statesman who served as Roman consul in 203 BC.

He was elected Pontiff in 213 BC, replacing C. Pupilius Maso; he became Aedile in 207, celebrating the Ludi Romani three times. In 205 he became Praetor. As consul, he was the last Roman general to fight against Hannibal in Bruttium, (South Italy) where many cities surrendered to him; after the latter left Italy, Caepio crossed over into Sicily planning to go from there into Africa. The Roman Senate, fearing that Caepio would ignore their commands, created a dictator, Publius Sulpicius Galba Maximus, to recall him. Later on, in 194 BC, he was sent as a legate to Carthage, causing Hannibal's exile to the court of Antiochus III the Great the Seleucid Emperor.
Then in 192 BC, he was sent as a legate into Greece to rile up the Roman allies in a potential conflict with Antiochus the Great.

Cnaeus Servilius died in 174 BC, during a great epidemic.
John Haven Emerson
John Haven Emerson (February 5, 1906 – February 4, 1997) was an American inventor of biomedical devices, specializing in respiratory equipment. He is perhaps best remembered for his work in improving the iron lung.

Maxfield Parrish
Maxfield Parrish (July 25, 1870 – March 30, 1966) was an American painter and illustrator active in the first half of the 20th century. His works featured distinctive saturated hues and idealized neo-classical imagery. The National Museum of American Illustration deemed his painting Daybreak (1922) to be the most successful art print of the 20th century.
Charlie Inzon
Charlie Malapitan Inzon OMI (born November 24, 1965) is a Filipino bishop and prelate of the Roman Catholic Church, serving as Metropolitan Archbishop of Cotabato. He previously served as the Apostolic Vicar of Jolo from 2020 to 2025.

Archdiocese of Cotabato
The Metropolitan Archdiocese of Cotabato is a Latin Catholic metropolitan archdiocese of the Catholic Church on the island of Mindanao, the Philippines. The archdiocese includes Cotabato City, Maguindanao del Norte, Maguindanao del Sur, western Cotabato, and Sultan Kudarat (except for Columbio and Milbuk, Palimbang.

Its seat is the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception in Cotabato City. The Archbishop's Palace is at 158 Sinsuat Avenue, Rosary Heights, Cotabato City.
Divergence
In vector calculus, divergence is a vector operator that operates on a vector field, producing a scalar field giving the rate that the vector field alters the volume in an infinitesimal neighborhood of each point. (In 2D this "volume" refers to area.) More precisely, the divergence at a point is the rate that the flow of the vector field modifies a volume about the point in the limit, as a small volume shrinks down to the point.

As an example, consider air as it is heated or cooled. The velocity of the air at each point defines a vector field. While air is heated in a region, it expands in all directions, and thus the velocity field points outward from that region. The divergence of the velocity field in that region would thus have a positive value. While the air is cooled and thus contracting, the divergence of the velocity has a negative value.

Musical isomorphism
In mathematics—more specifically, in differential geometry—the musical isomorphism (or canonical isomorphism) is an isomorphism between the tangent bundle  and the cotangent bundle  of a Riemannian or pseudo-Riemannian manifold induced by its metric tensor. There are similar isomorphisms on symplectic manifolds. These isomorphisms are global versions of the canonical isomorphism between an inner product space and its dual. The term musical refers to the use of the musical notation symbols  (flat) and  (sharp).

In the notation of Ricci calculus and mathematical physics, the idea is expressed as the raising and lowering of indices. Raising and lowering indices are a form of index manipulation in tensor expressions.

In certain specialized applications, such as on Poisson manifolds, the relationship may fail to be an isomorphism at singular points, and so, for these cases, is technically only a homomorphism.
Phil-Ellena
Phil-Ellena was the stately home of George Washington Carpenter in Germantown, Pennsylvania, now the West Mount Airy neighborhood of Philadelphia. The house was constructed in 1845 and demolished in 1892 during development of the Mount Airy neighborhood.

Germantown, Philadelphia
Germantown (German: Deutschstadt [ˈdɔʏtʃˌʃtat]) is an area in Northwest Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Founded by Palatine, Quaker, and Mennonite families in 1683 as an independent borough, it was absorbed into Philadelphia in 1854. The area, which is about six miles northwest from the city center, now consists of two neighborhoods: Germantown and East Germantown.

Germantown has played a significant role in American history; it was the birthplace of the American antislavery movement, the site of a Revolutionary War battle, the temporary residence of George Washington, the location of the first bank of the United States, and the residence of many notable politicians, scholars, artists, and social activists.

Today, the area remains rich in historic sites and buildings from the colonial era, some of which are open to the public.
Phil Marsh
Philip Marsh (born 15 November 1986) is an English footballer who plays for Pilkington as a striker.

He started his career at Manchester United where he played one game in the League Cup against Crewe Alexandra, before moving down the ladder to join Blackpool. He later moved into non-league football, joining Northwich Victoria in 2008. Later that year he had a short spell with Conference North side Hyde United before leaving after only making five appearances, joining Leigh Genesis where he stayed until March 2009 before being released and subsequently joining FC United of Manchester where he spent a season before moving back to Tameside to join Stalybridge Celtic at the start of the 2010–11 season, finishing his first year at Stalybridge as the club's top goalscorer. In the summer of 2012, Marsh signed for Forest Green Rovers.

North West Counties Football League
The North West Counties Football League is a football league in the North West of England. Since 2019–20, the league has covered the Isle of Man, Cheshire, Greater Manchester, Lancashire, Merseyside, Cumbria, northern Staffordshire, northern Shropshire, the far west of West Yorkshire, and the High Peak area of Derbyshire. In the past, the league has also hosted clubs from North Wales such as Caernarfon Town, Colwyn Bay, and Rhyl. From season 2018–19 the league increased to three divisions: the Premier Division, at level nine (Step 5 in the NLS) in the English football league system, and two geographically separate Division Ones, North and South, at level ten (Step 6 in the NLS). The league is a member of the Joint Liaison Council which administers the Northern arm of the National Football System in England.
Chiriyo Chiri
Chiriyo Chiri is a 1982 Indian Malayalam-language film, directed by Balachandra Menon and produced by P. V. Gangadharan. The film stars Balachandra Menon, Kaviyoor Ponnamma, Adoor Bhasi and Maniyanpilla Raju . The film has musical score by Raveendran. Art direction by Kalalayam Ravi.

Balachandra Menon
Balachandra Menon (born 11 January 1954) is an Indian actor, director and script writer. He made a number of films in the 1980s and 1990s. He has directed 40 films and has acted in over 100.

He won two National Film Awards including the National Film Award for Best Actor for his performance as station master Ismail the 1998 film Samaantharangal, which was also directed by him. He has also worked as a distributor, editor, composer, singer and producer in the Malayalam film industry. He has found space in the Limca Book of Records for the maximum number of films directed, scripted and acted in. Menon has introduced many actors into the Malayalam Cinema Industry. Actors who made their debut in his films include Shobana in April 18, Parvathy in Vivahithare Ithile, Maniyanpilla Raju in Maniyan Pilla Adhava Maniyan Pilla, Karthika in Manicheppu Thurannappol, Annie in Ammayane Sathyam, and Nandini in April 19.
Athletics at the 1999 Pan American Games – Women's high jump
The women's high jump event at the 1999 Pan American Games was held on July 30. Juana Arrendel of the Dominican Republic had originally won the competition with a 1.93 metres jump but later tested positive for an illegal substance, stanozolol, and was stripped of her medal.

Athletics at the 1999 Pan American Games
The athletics competition at the 1999 Pan American Games was held at University Stadium in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Two new events were introduced for women: pole vault and hammer throw. In addition the 20 km road walk replaced the 10,000 m track walk.
John Gower
John Gower (/ˈɡaʊ.ər/; c. 1330 – October 1408) was an English poet, a contemporary of William Langland and the Pearl Poet, and a personal friend of Geoffrey Chaucer.  He is remembered primarily for three major works—the Mirour de l'Omme, Vox Clamantis, and Confessio Amantis—three long poems written in French, Latin, and English respectively, which are united by common moral and political themes.

The House of Fame
The House of Fame (Hous of Fame in the original spelling) is a Middle English poem by Geoffrey Chaucer, probably written between 1374 and 1385, making it one of his earlier works. It was most likely written after The Book of the Duchess, but its chronological relation to Chaucer's other early poems is uncertain.

The House of Fame is over 2,005 lines long in three books and takes the form of a dream vision composed in octosyllabic couplets.  Upon falling asleep the poet finds himself in a glass temple adorned with images of the famous and their deeds.  With an eagle as a guide, he meditates on the nature of fame and the trustworthiness of recorded renown.  This allows Chaucer to contemplate the role of the poet in reporting the lives of the famous and how much truth there is in what can be told.
MicroMV
MicroMV is a digital video cassette format introduced in October 2001 by Sony. It is the smallest videotape format, 70% smaller than MiniDV or about the size of two US quarter coins; it is also smaller than a Digital8 or DV cassette and slightly smaller than an audio microcassette. It was the first helical scan tape system using MR read head introduced to the market. Each cassette can hold up to 60 minutes of video.

Microcassette
The Microcassette (often written generically as microcassette) is an analog audio cassette storage format, introduced by Olympus in 1969.

It has the same width of magnetic tape as the Compact Cassette but in a cassette roughly one quarter the size. By using thinner tape and half or a quarter the tape speed, microcassettes can offer comparable recording time to the compact cassette but in a smaller package.
K273BH
K273BH (102.5 FM, "Hot 102.5") is a translator broadcasting the mainstream urban format of the HD4 subcarrier of iHeartMedia's KFXN-FM. Licensed to Fridley, Minnesota, it serves the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area inside the I-494/I-694 beltway. The station is currently owned by iHeartMedia, through licensee iHM Licenses, LLC. All the offices and studios are located in St. Louis Park and the transmitter is atop the IDS Center in downtown Minneapolis.

KFXN-FM
KFXN-FM (100.3 MHz) is a commercial radio station licensed to Minneapolis, Minnesota, broadcasting a sports talk format. The station is owned by iHeartMedia, and serves the Twin Cities market. KFXN-FM's transmitter is located in the suburb of Shoreview on KMSP-TV's tower. Its effective radiated power is 100,000 watts (including beam tilt). The station's main studios are in St. Louis Park.

KFXN-FM is the flagship station of the Minnesota Lynx, Minnesota Timberwolves, Minnesota Vikings, Minnesota Wild, and Minnesota Golden Gophers football.

At midnight on August 15, 2011, iHeartMedia (then known as Clear Channel Communications) swapped the formats of KFAN (1130 AM), and 100.3 FM's former conservative news/talk format KTLK-FM. The new KFXN-FM call sign, shared with former AM sister station KFXN, was adopted the same day.
Alfonso Portillo
Alfonso Antonio Portillo Cabrera (born 24 September 1951) is a Guatemalan politician who served as the 45th president of Guatemala from 2000 to 2004.

He took office on 14 January 2000, representing the Guatemalan Republican Front (FRG), the party then led by retired general and deposed military ruler Efraín Ríos Montt (1926–2018). In 2014, ten years after his departure from the presidency, Portillo would plead guilty to corruption charges in a United States court.

President of Guatemala
The president of Guatemala (Spanish: Presidente de Guatemala), officially titled President of the Republic of Guatemala (Spanish: Presidente de la República de Guatemala), is the head of state and head of government of Guatemala, elected to a single four-year term. The position of President was created in 1839.
Arkaim
Arkaim (Russian: Аркаим) is a fortified archaeological site, dated to c. 2150-1650 BCE, belonging to the Sintashta culture, situated in the steppe of the Southern Urals, 8.2 km (5.10 mi) north-northwest of the village of Amursky and 2.3 km (1.43 mi) east-southeast of the village of Alexandrovsky in the Chelyabinsk Oblast of Russia, just north of the border with Kazakhstan. It was discovered in 1987 by a team of archaeologists which later came under the leadership of Gennady Zdanovich. The realization of its importance unprecedentedly forestalled the planned flooding of the area for a reservoir. The construction of Arkaim is attributed to the early Proto-Indo-Iranian-speakers of the Sintashta culture, which some scholars believe represents the proto-Indo-Iranians before their split into different groups and migration to Central Asia and from there to the Iranian plateau, Indian subcontinent and other parts of Eurasia.

Proto-Indo-Iranian language
Proto-Indo-Iranian, also called Proto-Indo-Iranic or Proto-Aryan, is the reconstructed proto-language of the Indo-Iranian branch of Indo-European. Its speakers, the hypothetical Proto-Indo-Iranians,  are assumed to have lived in the late 3rd millennium BC, and are often connected with the Sintashta culture of the Eurasian Steppe and the early Andronovo archaeological horizon.

Proto-Indo-Iranian was a satem language, likely removed less than a millennium from its ancestor, the late Proto-Indo-European language, and in turn removed less than a millennium from its descendants: Vedic Sanskrit (of the Rigveda) and Old Avestan (of the Gathas).

It is the ancestor of Indo-Aryan languages, the Iranian languages, and the Nuristani languages, predominantly spoken in the Southern Asian subregion of Eurasia.
1988–89 Montreal Canadiens season
The 1988–89 Montreal Canadiens season was the club's 80th season of play. The Canadiens finished first in the Adams Division, as well as the Prince of Wales Conference, with a 53–18–9 record for 115 points. The team finished second overall in the league behind the Calgary Flames, who had 117 points. Montreal defeated the Hartford Whalers, Boston Bruins and Philadelphia Flyers in the playoffs before meeting the Flames in the Stanley Cup Finals. Calgary took the series 4–2, clinching the Cup in Game 6 on the Canadiens' vaunted home ice, the Montreal Forum. This marked the only time that a visiting team defeated them to win the Stanley Cup on Forum ice.

The Canadiens were coached by Pat Burns and captained by Bob Gainey.

Pat Burns
Patrick John Joseph Burns (April 4, 1952 – November 19, 2010) was a National Hockey League head coach. Over 14 seasons between 1988 and 2004, he coached in 1,019 games with the Montreal Canadiens, Toronto Maple Leafs, Boston Bruins, and New Jersey Devils. Burns retired in 2005 after being diagnosed with recurring cancer, which eventually claimed his life five years later. Burns won the Jack Adams Award three times, which is the most by a coach in NHL history. In fourteen seasons (twelve full), he reached the postseason eleven times.

In 2014, he was posthumously inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame.
Publishing Council of the Moscow Patriarchate
Publishing Council of the Russian Orthodox Church (Russian: Издательский совет Русской православной церкви) is one of the departments of the Holy Synod of the Moscow Patriarchate, in its present form was created in 1994. The task of the Council is to coordinate the activities of the Orthodox publishing organizations, providing methodological, legal, organizational, and other assistance as the ecclesiastical and secular publishers.

Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church
The Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church (Russian: Священный синод Русской православной церкви, romanized: Svyashchennyy sinod Russkoy pravoslavnoy tserkvi) serves by Church statute as the supreme administrative governing body of the Russian Orthodox Church in the periods between Bishops' Councils.
Clive Spate
Clive Spate (born 16 January 1952) is a British game show contestant.  He was the winner of the eighth series of Countdown and has won many other TV quizzes, including the 2003 series Grand Slam, a contest between previous quiz show champions which also featured Olav Bjortomt, Mark Labbett, Graham Nash and David Edwards, among others.

He appeared on Who Wants to be a Millionaire? (Series 15, Episode 13), broadcast on 27 March 2004, where he won £125,000.

Spate is also a former tournament Scrabble player.  He was the top rated UK player in 1991, 1994 and 1995.  He competed at the World Scrabble Championship in 1993, finishing ninth out of sixty-four.  The winner that year was Countdown Champion of Champions Mark Nyman – the first UK Scrabble player to hold the World Championship title.

Spate gradually retired from the game, although he made a brief comeback in 2003, when he was the runner-up at the British National Scrabble Championship.

Olav Bjortomt
Stein Olav Bjortomt (pronounced Bortom) (born 13 December 1978 in Eastbourne) is a British international quiz player, four-time world champion (2003, 2015, 2018, 2019) and three-time individual European champion (2010, 2014, 2015). He is a player in one of the world's most successful quizzing teams, Broken Hearts, with which he has won several European championships.

He is of Norwegian and Filipino descent and writes questions for University Challenge and The Chase.

In contrast to the other two full-time professionals of Team England Pat Gibson and Kevin Ashman he has not done as well both in domestic competitions, with only a second place in the individual British championships 2007 to his credit (though he has won the pairs competition) and as a TV candidate, a second place in the Fifteen to One series of 2002 being his best result.
Private biometrics
'Private biometrics is a form of encrypted biometrics, also called privacy-preserving biometric authentication methods, in which the biometric measurement is cryptographically processed such that no data stored in a data base can be (mis-) used to recover information about the human subject. 
Biometrics, in contrast to user pass words, are noisy data that slightly differ from measurement to measurement. Small variations input data prevent the use of traditional encryption or hashing.  
The introduction of  a fuzzy extractor was a pioneering contribution to nonetheless apply cryptographic techniques to inherently noisy biometric data.

Linear search
In computer science, linear search or sequential search is a method for finding an element within a list. It sequentially checks each element of the list until a match is found or the whole list has been searched.

A linear search runs in linear time in the worst case, and makes at most n comparisons, where n is the length of the list. If each element is equally likely to be searched, then linear search has an average case of ⁠n+1/2⁠ comparisons, but the average case can be affected if the search probabilities for each element vary. Linear search is rarely practical because other search algorithms and schemes, such as the binary search algorithm and hash tables, allow significantly faster searching for all but short lists.
Global Engagement Center
The Global Engagement Center (GEC) was an agency within the Bureau of Global Public Affairs at the United States Department of State. Established in 2016, its mission was to lead U.S. government efforts to "recognize, understand, expose, and counter foreign state and non-state propaganda and disinformation efforts aimed at undermining or influencing the policies, security, or stability of the United States, its allies, and partner nations" around the world. GEC closed in December 2024 and was re-organized as the State Department's Counter Foreign Information and Manipulation and Interference Office. In April 2025, Secretary of State Marco Rubio announced its closure, stating that the office had wasted taxpayer money and engaged in censorship. Other State Department officials disagreed, calling accusations of censorship "fictitious" and arguing that the center's closure was politically motivated.

National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017
The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (H.R. 4909; NDAA 2017, Pub.L. 114-328) is a United States federal law specifying the budget and expenditures of the United States Department of Defense (DOD) for Fiscal Year 2017.
Tysagachchy
Tysagachchcy (Yakut: Тыһаҕаччы, Tıhağaççı; Russian: Тысагаччы) is a rural locality (a selo), one of three settlements, in addition to Keptin and Tongulakh, in Maltaninsky Rural Okrug of Gorny District in the Sakha Republic, Russia. It is located 178 kilometers (111 mi) from Berdigestyakh, the administrative center of the district and 10 kilometers (6.2 mi) from Keptin. Its population as of the 2002 Census was 2.

Tongulakh
Tongulakh (Russian: Тонгулах) is a rural locality (a selo) in Maltaninsky Rural Okrug of Gorny District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, located 258 kilometers (160 mi) from Berdigestyakh, the administrative center of the district, and 70 kilometers (43 mi) from Keptin, the administrative center of the rural okrug. Its population as of the 2010 Census was 10; down from 11 recorded in the 2002 Census.
Sunbeam-Talbot
Sunbeam-Talbot Limited was a British motor manufacturing business. It built upmarket sports-saloon versions under the parenthood of Rootes Group cars from 1938 to 1954. Its predecessor Clément-Talbot Limited had made Talbot automobiles from 1902 to 1935.

Clément-Talbot was bought by Rootes brothers in January 1935 and re-organised to make Rootes Group cars also branded Talbot.

In 1938 after some years of consideration the Rootes brothers dropped plans to make large luxury cars branded Sunbeam, added the name Sunbeam to Talbot and put the extra name on both the cars built in Kensal Green and the company building them.

After the Second World War Sunbeam-Talbot production was resumed in London then in Spring 1946 it was moved to Rootes' new factory at Ryton-on-Dunsmore, Warwickshire and Clément-Talbot's North Kensington works became a Rootes administration and service centre.

Sunbeam-Talbot Ten
The Sunbeam-Talbot Ten is a compact executive car or small sports saloon manufactured by Rootes Group in their Clément-Talbot factory in North Kensington between 1938 and 1939, and then reintroduced after the Second World War and sold between 1945 and 1948. It was at first a two-door then a four-door sports saloon. A drophead coupé version and a sports tourer version were also available.