hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William F. Garrison
William F. Garrison (born 27 June 1944) is a retired American major general who commanded the United States forces during Operation Gothic Serpent, the military operation launched during the Somali Civil War in 1993 to capture Somali warlord Mohamed Farrah Aidid.

Mark Bowden
Mark Bowden  (/ˈbaʊdən/; born 1951) is an American journalist and writer. He is a former national correspondent and longtime contributor to The Atlantic. Bowden is best known for his book Black Hawk Down: A Story of Modern War (1999) about the 1993 U.S. military raid in Mogadishu, which was later adapted into a motion picture of the same name that received two Academy Awards.

Bowden is also known for the books Killing Pablo: The Hunt for the World's Greatest Outlaw (2001), about the efforts to take down Colombian drug lord Pablo Escobar, and Hue 1968, an account of the Battle of Huế.
Petrivka, Kyiv
Pochaina (Ukrainian: Почайна), formerly known as Petrivka (Ukrainian: Петрівка), is a neighborhood located in the Obolonskyi District (district) of Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine. It is located in the northern part of the city, neighboring the historical neighborhood of the Podil itself to its south.

One of the city's largest book markets is located in the neighborhood. Pochaina is served by a Pochaina metro station of the Kyiv Metro's Obolonsko–Teremkivska Line, and the Pochaina railway station of the Ukrzaliznytsia.

Podil
Podil (Ukrainian: Поділ [poˈd⁽ʲ⁾il] ⓘ) or Podol (Russian: Подол [pɐˈdol] ⓘ), also known in English as the Lower City, is a historic neighborhood in Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine. It is located on a floodplain terrace over the Dnieper between the Kyiv Hills and the lower stream of Pochaina River. Podil is one of the oldest neighborhoods of Kyiv, and the birthplace of the city's trade, commerce and industry. After the Mongol invasion of Rus' and destruction of Kyiv, it served as a city center until the 19th century. Here the city administration (magistrate) and the main university were located, and later the city's port and shipyard were established here.

Podil contains many architectural and historical landmarks, and new archaeological sites are still being revealed. It is a part of the city's larger administrative Podilskyi District.
Junlper
June Sternbach, also known as Junlper (stylized as JUNlPER; born November 1, 1995) is an American left-wing social media personality, podcaster, and social media editor for The Onion. Sternbach rose to prominence in the early 2020s for shitposting on Twitter, especially using satirical screenshots of fabricated news stories. She is credited with popularizing the term "goblin mode" and creating a viral hoax about the "dick vein" being removed from Snickers candy bars.

In October 2023, after satirically suggesting that the site's owner Elon Musk was a pedophile to protest an X.com policy that removed headlines from posted articles, Sternbach's multiple accounts were suspended.

Shitposting
In Internet culture, shitposting or trashposting is the act of using an online forum or social media page to post content that is of "aggressively, ironically, and trollishly poor quality". Shitposts are generally intentionally designed to derail discussions or cause the biggest reaction with the least effort. It may even sometimes be orchestrated as part of a co-ordinated flame war to render a website unusable by its regular visitors.
John C. Beck
John C. Beck (January 4, 1924 – September 29, 2016) was an American physician and academic. He was particularly involved in the Royal Victoria Hospital and McGill University; the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; and Ben Gurion University of the Negev.

His books include Primary Care in a Specialized World and Geriatrics in the United States: Manpower Projections and Training Considerations. He's widely cited within his field.

The New England Journal of Medicine
The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) is a weekly medical journal published by the Massachusetts Medical Society. Founded in 1812, the journal is among the most prestigious peer-reviewed medical journals. Its 2024 impact factor was 78.5, ranking it 2nd out of 168 journals in the category "Medicine, General & Internal".
Disappointment
Disappointment is the feeling of dissatisfaction that follows the failure of expectations or hopes to manifest. Similar to regret, it differs in that a person who feels regret focuses primarily on the personal choices that contributed to a poor outcome, while a person feeling disappointment focuses on the outcome itself. It is a source of psychological stress. The study of disappointment—its causes, impact, and the degree to which individual decisions are motivated by a desire to avoid it—is a focus in the field of decision analysis, as disappointment is, along with regret, one of two primary emotions involved in decision-making.

Hope
Hope is an optimistic state of mind that is based on an expectation of positive outcomes with respect to events and circumstances in one's own life, or the world at large. As a verb, Merriam-Webster defines hope as "to expect with confidence" or "to cherish a desire with anticipation".

Among its opposites are dejection, hopelessness, and despair.

Hope finds expression through many dimensions of human life, including practical reasoning, the religious virtue of hope, legal doctrine, and literature, alongside cultural and mythological aspects.
Vítor Manuel da Silva Caldeira
Vítor Manuel da Silva Caldeira (born 2 January 1960) is a Portuguese auditor who served as President of the Portuguese Court of Auditors from 2016 to 2020 and as President of the European Court of Auditors from 2008 to 2016.
He was born in Campo Maior, Portugal.

He has a degree in Law from the University of Lisbon and a postgraduate degree in European Studies from the European Institute of the Faculty of Law at that university.

He was an assistant professor at the Faculty of Law of Lisbon University from 1983 to 1984, and he worked at the Inspectorate General of Finance at the Portuguese Ministry of Finance from 1984 to 2000. From 1996 to 1999 he was an assistant professor at the Higher Institute of the New Professions.

Caldeira was elected President of the European Court of Auditors for a term of three years from 16 January 2008. His mandate was renewed on 12 January 2011 for a second term, and on 23 January 2014 for a third term.

European Court of Auditors
The European Court of Auditors (ECA; French: Cour des comptes européenne) is the supreme audit institution of the European Union (EU).  It was established in 1975 in Luxembourg and is one of the seven EU institutions. The Court comprises one member from each EU member state (currently 27) supported by approximately 900 civil servants.
2016 United Bowl
The 2016 United Bowl was the championship game of the 2016 Indoor Football League season. It was played between the Intense Conference Champion Spokane Empire and the United Conference Champion Sioux Falls Storm. The game was played at Denny Sanford Premier Center in Sioux Falls, South Dakota.

The Sioux Falls Storm beat the Spokane Empire, 55–34. This was the Storm's sixth United Bowl championship and seventh overall United Bowl appearance. It was the Spokane Empire's first United Bowl appearance.

2016 Sioux Falls Storm season
The 2016 Sioux Falls Storm season was the team's seventeenth season as a professional indoor football franchise and eighth in the Indoor Football League (IFL). One of ten teams that competed in the IFL for the 2016 season, the Storm were members of the United Conference.

Led by head coach Kurtiss Riggs, the Storm played their home games at the Denny Sanford Premier Center in Sioux Falls, South Dakota.
Live Stages
Live Stages is a live album by Vertical Horizon, released by Rhythmic Records in early 1997, and later re-released by RCA Records. This album was recorded live at Ziggy's in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. It featured mostly songs from the band's second album, Running on Ice, (and "On the Sea" from There and Back Again), as well as new material. This was the first Vertical Horizon album to feature Matt Scannell more prominently on electric guitar, and also the first to include drummer Ed Toth. Ryan Fisher played bass.

There and Back Again (Vertical Horizon album)
There and Back Again is the first album by Vertical Horizon, released independently in 1992, and later re-released in 1999 by RCA Records. At the time, the band consisted solely of Matthew Scannell and Keith Kane, who together did all the writing, singing, and producing for the album, as well as playing all instruments used (mostly acoustic guitar, with little percussion and bass). The name was taken from the subtitle of The Hobbit by J.R.R. Tolkien.
1925 All-Eastern football team
The 1925 All-Eastern football team consists of American football players chosen by various selectors as the best players at each position among the Eastern colleges and universities during the 1925 college football season.

The undefeated 1925 Dartmouth Indians football team had four players who received first-team All-Eastern honors from at least one selector: halfback Andy Oberlander; end George Tully; tackle Nathan Parker; and guard Carl Diehl.

Five players received first-team All-Eastern honors and were also consensus first-team All-Americans: Oberander, Tully, and Diehl of Dartmouth; center Ed McMillan of Princeton; and tackle Ralph Chase of Pittsburgh.

Six of the All-Eastern honorees were later inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame: Oberlander; halfback Eddie Tryon of Colgate; fullback Andy Gustafson of Pittsburgh; end Vic Hanson of Syracuse; tackle Bud Sprague of Army; and guard Herbert Sturhahn of Yale.

Bud Sprague
Mortimer Ernest "Bud" Sprague (September 8, 1904 – April 25, 1973) was an American college football player. He was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in 1970.

Sprague was one of the eight children born to Minna and George Sprague, of the Oak Cliff neighborhood in Dallas. His father, George, served on the Dallas City Council and as the Mayor of Dallas from 1937 to 1939. Sprague first played at the University of Texas before transferring to the United States Military Academy. He was captain of the 1928 Army Cadets football team. Three of his younger brothers—Howard, Johnny, and Charlie—captained football teams at Southern Methodist University (SMU). Sprague later became an insurance executive. He died of cancer, on April 25, 1973, at his home in Manhattan.
Zabaan School for Languages
Zabaan School for Languages is a language school based in Delhi and Mumbai offering classes on Indo-Aryan languages. Classes offered include Hindi, Urdu, Sanskrit, and Pashto. Some coverage of 
Dari, Persian, Arabic, and Braj Bhasha is also available.

Language school
A language school is a school where one studies a foreign language. Classes at a language school are usually geared towards, for example, communicative competence in a foreign language. Language learning in such schools typically supplements formal education or existing knowledge of a foreign language.

Students vary widely by age, educational background, work experience. They usually have the possibility of selecting a specific course according to their language proficiency. According to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR), there are six language levels that define student language proficiency based on their speaking, writing and reading skills.
134th Cavalry Regiment (United States)
The 134th Cavalry Regiment (formerly the 134th Infantry Regiment) is a cavalry regiment in the Nebraska Army National Guard. By extension, it is a member of the United States Army National Guard, and as a currently federally-recognized unit, also a member of the National Guard of the United States.

John Milton Thayer
John Milton Thayer (January 24, 1820 – March 19, 1906) was a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War and later a United States Senator from Nebraska, Governor of Wyoming Territory, and Governor of Nebraska.
Vesugen
Vesugen (T-38) is a tripeptide with the sequence KED or Lys-Glu-Asp. It is one of a number of small peptides developed in Russia in the late 1990s and early 2000s which are purported to have anti-aging effects. Vesugen is claimed to stimulate proliferation and protein synthesis in fibroblast cells in the skin and to improve the appearance of skin, as well as promoting neurotropic effects in brain tissue, giving it a similar pharmacological profile to those claimed for the matrikine peptides produced by Western cosmetic skincare companies.

Tripeptide
A tripeptide is a peptide derived from three amino acids joined by two or sometimes three peptide bonds. As for proteins, the function of peptides is determined by the constituent amino acids and their sequence. In terms of scientific investigations, the dominant tripeptide is glutathione (γ-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine), which serves many roles in many forms of life.
Federal Administrative Court (Germany)
The Federal Administrative Court (German: Bundesverwaltungsgericht, pronounced [bʊndəsfɛɐˈvaltʊŋsɡəˌʁɪçt] ⓘ, BVerwG) is one of the five federal supreme courts of Germany. It is the court of the last resort for generally all cases of administrative law, mainly disputes between citizens and the state. It hears appeals from the  Oberverwaltungsgerichte, or Superior Administrative Courts, which, in turn, are the courts of appeals for decisions of the Verwaltungsgerichte (administrative courts).

However, cases concerning social security law belong to the jurisdiction of the Sozialgerichte (Social Courts) with the  Bundessozialgericht as federal court of appeals, and cases of tax and customs law are decided by the Finanzgerichte (Fiscal Courts), and, ultimately, by the Bundesfinanzhof.

The Bundesverwaltungsgericht has its seat at the former Reichsgericht (Imperial Court of Justice) building in Leipzig's district Mitte.

Fiscal Court (Germany)
The Fiscal Court (German: Finanzgericht, abbreviated FG) is a specialised German court with fiscal jurisdiction. Under German law, the Fiscal Court is the court of first instance for legal action in fiscal disputes. The Fiscal Court rules on legal disputes between citizens and tax authorities (tax offices, customs authorities, family funds [Familienkassen] and the Deutsche Rentenversicherung Bund in matters relating to pension benefits [Section 98 German Income Tax Act]).

The punishment of tax offenders is not one of the responsibilities of the Fiscal Courts. The Fiscal Courts are not an extended arm of the tax administration, but are legally independent like any other German court.

The structure of the German courts with fiscal jurisdiction is two-tiered. The appeals against decisions by the Fiscal Courts is heard by the Federal Fiscal Court.
Chung Pak (constituency)
Chung Pak (Chinese: 頌栢) is one of the 39 constituencies in the Yuen Long District of Hong Kong.

The constituency returns one district councillor to the Yuen Long District Council, with an election every four years. Chung Pak constituency is loosely based on Central Park Towers and part of Tin Chung Court in Tin Shui Wai with estimated population of 15,741.

Tin Shui Wai
Tin Shui Wai New Town is a satellite town in the northwestern New Territories of Hong Kong. Originally a gei wai (基圍) fish pond area, it was developed in the 1980s as the second new town in Yuen Long District and the eighth in Hong Kong. It is 25 kilometres (16 mi) due northwest of Central, the main business area in the territory, on land reclaimed from low-lying areas south of Deep Bay, next to Ping Shan. The population was 283,595 as of 2021.
Roshan Kushwaha
Roshan Kushwaha is an Indian Administrative Service officer, who served as 35th District Magistrate of Begusarai district of Bihar. Kushwaha was appointed by Government of Bihar in the district in the year 2022, replacing the incumbent District Magistrate, Arvind Kumar Verma. He is primarily known for his role in implementing the developmental initiatives of the Nitish Kumar government under the ambitious Saat Nishchay Yojna. Previously, he also served as the District Magistrate of Bhojpur district, the position to which he was appointed after replacing incumbent DM, Sanjiv Kumar. Before being appointed as DM of Bhojpur, Kushwaha was serving as DDC of Vaishali district.

District magistrate
The district magistrate, also known as the district collector or deputy commissioner, is a career civil servant who serves as the executive head of a district's administration in India. The specific name depends on the state or union territory. Each of these posts has distinct responsibilities, and an officer can assume all of these roles at once. The district magistrate is primarily responsible for maintaining law and order, while the district collector focuses on land revenue administration, and the deputy commissioner is in charge of overseeing developmental activities and coordinates government departments. Additionally, they also serve as election officers, registrar, marriage officer, licensing authority, and managing disaster responses, among other things. While the specific scope of duties may vary from state to state, they are generally similar. The district magistrate comes under the general supervision of divisional commissioner.
1979 Iranian Constitutional Assembly election in Hamedan Province
On 3 August 1979, a Constitutional Convention election was held in Hamedan Province constituency with plurality-at-large voting format in order to decide two seats for the Assembly for the Final Review of the Constitution.

The constituency was a scene of rivalry between candidates of different Islamic groups and no communist or secular nationalist ran for a seat. The result was a landslide victory for the two candidates supported by both the Islamic Republican Party and the Combatant Clergy Association. Members of other parties such as the Muslim People's Republic Party, the Movement of Militant Muslims and JAMA (the latter endorsed by the Quintuple Coalition) were defeated.

1979 Iranian Constitutional Assembly election
Constitutional Convention elections were held in Iran on 3 and 4 August 1979. The result was a victory for the Islamic Republican Party. There were 10,784,932 votes cast in the elections, marking 51.71% turnout. Of all members elected, 68% were clerics.

The new constitution drawn up by the body was approved by the voters in a referendum in December.
Roger Rollo Hunter
Roger Rollo Hunter was a Scottish-born farmer and political figure in Upper Canada. He represented Oxford in the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada from 1839 to 1841.

He lived in Blandford Township. Hunter was a lieutenant in the East Indian Artillery. He served in the Oxford militia, reaching the rank of lieutenant-colonel. Hunter was a justice of the peace for the London District and then for the Brock District. He was elected to the assembly in an 1839 by-election held after Charles Duncombe left the country following the Upper Canada Rebellion.

Charles Duncombe (Upper Canada Rebellion)
Charles Duncombe (28 July 1792 – 1 October 1867) was a leader in the Upper Canada Rebellion in 1837 and subsequent Patriot War. He was an active Reform politician in the 1830s, and produced several important legislative reports on banking, lunatic asylums, and education.
Kuwait at the FIFA World Cup
Kuwait have appeared in the finals of the FIFA World Cup on one occasion in 1982. They were eliminated in round one, where they lost two matches and drew one. The team scored two goals and conceded six across the three games.

Kuwait national football team
The Kuwait national football team (Arabic: منتخب الكويت لكرة القدم, romanized: muntakhab alkuayt likurat alqadam) represents Kuwait in international football and it is controlled by the Kuwait Football Association. Kuwait made its only FIFA World Cup appearance in 1982 and managed to get one draw in the group stage against Czechoslovakia. In the AFC Asian Cup, Kuwait reached the final in 1976 and won the tournament four years later in 1980.

The Kuwait national football team has faced multiple suspensions by FIFA due to governmental interference and failure to comply with regulations, notably in 2007, 2008, and 2015. These suspensions, which were later lifted after legal reforms, caused the team to miss major tournaments, including the 2018 FIFA World Cup and 2019 AFC Asian Cup qualifiers, and led to a significant drop in the country's FIFA World Rankings. In 2017, following the lifting of its suspension, Kuwait hosted the Gulf Cup.
Devastation Channel
Devastation Channel is a channel in the North Coast region of the Canadian province of British Columbia. It lies between Hawkesbury Island and the mainland. It was named in 1863 by Captain Daniel Pender after the H.M. paddle-sloop Devastation. It was first charted in 1793 by Joseph Whidbey, master of the Discovery during George Vancouver's 1791-95 expedition.

Hawkesbury Island
Hawkesbury Island is an island in British Columbia, Canada. It is located in Douglas Channel, one of the major fjords of the British Columbia Coast.  Hawkesbury is 43 kilometres (27 mi) long and ranges in width from 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) to 19 kilometres (12 mi). It covers an area of 365 square kilometres (141 sq mi).

Hawkesbury Island was named by George Vancouver for Charles Jenkinson, Baron Hawkesbury, President of the Board of Trade 1786–1804.
Zhastalap
46°33′52″N 48°40′56″E﻿ / ﻿46.56444°N 48.68222°E﻿ / 46.56444; 48.68222

Zhastalap (Kazakh: Жасталап, Jastalap, جاستالاپ), previously Gangyushkino (Russian: Гангюшкино, Gangyushkino),  is a town in Atyrau Region, southwest Kazakhstan. It lies at an altitude of 1 m (3.3 ft).

Atyrau Region
Atyrau Region (Kazakh: Атырау облысы, romanized: Atyrau oblysy; Russian: Атырауская область), formerly known as Guryev Region (Russian: Гурьевская область) until 1991, is one of the regions of Kazakhstan, in the western part of the country around the northeast of the Caspian Sea. Its capital is the city of Atyrau, with a population of 355,117; the region itself has a population of 681,241, of which Kazakhs make up more than 90%.
Four exponentials conjecture
In mathematics, specifically the field of transcendental number theory, the four exponentials conjecture is a conjecture which, given the right conditions on the exponents, would guarantee the transcendence of at least one of four exponentials.  The conjecture, along with two related, stronger conjectures, is at the top of a hierarchy of conjectures and theorems concerning the arithmetic nature of a certain number of values of the exponential function.

Serge Lang
Serge Lang (French: [lɑ̃ɡ]; May 19, 1927 – September 12, 2005) was a French-American mathematician and activist who taught at Yale University for most of his career. He is known for his work in number theory and for his mathematics textbooks, including the influential Algebra. He received the Frank Nelson Cole Prize in 1960 and was a member of the Bourbaki group.

As an activist, Lang campaigned against the Vietnam War, and also successfully fought against the nomination of the political scientist Samuel P. Huntington to the National Academies of Science. Later in his life, Lang was an HIV/AIDS denialist. He claimed that HIV had not been proven to cause AIDS and protested Yale's research into HIV/AIDS.