hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2008 Eastern League season
The 2008 Eastern League season began on April 3 and the regular season ended on September 1. The All Star Game was played on July 16 at Merchantsauto.com Stadium in Manchester, New Hampshire. The Playoffs began on September 3 with the Divisional Series.  The Akron Aeros defeated the Bowie Baysox in the Southern Division Championship Series and the Trenton Thunder defeated the Portland Sea Dogs in the Northern Division Championship Series.  The Trenton Thunder defeated the Akron Aeros to win the Eastern League Championship Series.

Portland Sea Dogs
The Portland Sea Dogs are a Minor League Baseball team based in Portland, Maine, playing in the Eastern League. Established in 1994, the Sea Dogs are the Double-A affiliate of the Boston Red Sox.

Originally affiliated with the Florida Marlins, the Sea Dogs became part of the Red Sox system for the 2003 season. The team went to the Eastern League championship series in 2005, losing to the Akron Aeros; and again in 2006, when they defeated the Aeros to win the first Double-A championship for a Red Sox farm team since the New Britain Red Sox in 1983.

All games are carried on a network of radio stations with Emma Tiedemann providing the play-by-play, with the flagship WPEI doing both home and away games.
Truncated hexagonal trapezohedron
In geometry, the truncated hexagonal trapezohedron is the fourth in an infinite series of truncated trapezohedra. It has 12 pentagon and 2 hexagon faces. It can be constructed by taking a hexagonal trapezohedron and truncating the polar axis vertices.

Hexagonal trapezohedron
In geometry, a hexagonal trapezohedron or deltohedron is the fourth in an infinite series of trapezohedra which are dual polyhedra to the antiprisms. It has twelve faces which are congruent kites. It can be described by the Conway notation dA6.

It is an isohedral (face-transitive) figure, meaning that all its faces are the same. More specifically, all faces are not merely congruent but also transitive, i.e. lie within the same symmetry orbit. Convex isohedral polyhedra are the shapes that will make fair dice.
Alphonso Wells
Alphonso Wells (March 30, 1803 – August 24, 1852) was a land surveyor and political figure in Lower Canada. He represented Shefford in the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada from 1834 until the constitution was suspended in 1838.

Born in Farnham, Wells was the son of Oliver Wells and Lucy Whipple, both natives of Vermont. Wells studied surveying for three years, obtained his commission as a surveyor in 1827 and settled in Saint-Hyacinthe. In 1850, he married Adelia Marcotte. He later became a provincial surveyor and lived in Montreal.  Wells ran for reelection to the assembly for the Province of Canada in 1841 but withdrew his name before the election was held. He died in Montreal at the age of 49.

Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada
The Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada was the lower house of the bicameral structure of provincial government in Lower Canada until 1838. The legislative assembly was created by the Constitutional Act of 1791. The lower house consisted of elected legislative councilors who created bills to be passed up to the Legislative Council of Lower Canada, whose members were appointed by the governor general.

Following the Lower Canada Rebellion, the lower house was dissolved on March 27, 1838, and Lower Canada was administered by an appointed Special Council. With the Act of Union in 1840, a new lower chamber, the Legislative Assembly of Canada, was created for both Upper and Lower Canada which existed  until 1867, when the Legislative Assembly of Quebec was created.
FragPunk
FragPunk is a 2025 first-person hero shooter video game developed by Bad Guitar Studio and published by NetEase. The game was released for Windows on March 6, 2025, and PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X/S on April 29, 2025.

The game is offered free-to-play and follows the live service game model. It features a shard card system, hero shooter and tactical shooter gameplay. Each player assumes control of an attacker or a defender in the main mode, Shard Clash. FragPunk has no campaign and features a custom mode that can be played solo.

Hero shooter
A hero shooter is a subgenre of shooter games which emphasize "hero" characters that have distinctive abilities and/or weapons that are specific to them. This type of gameplay encourages players to choose heroes based on their strengths and the role they play in the team's overall strategy. A hero shooter can be a first-person shooter or a third-person shooter. The genre has become popular for its focus on teamwork and character variety.
Hellenthal
Hellenthal (German pronunciation: [ˈhɛləntaːl]) is a municipality in the district of Euskirchen in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located in the Eifel hills, near the border with Belgium, approx. 30 km south-west of Euskirchen and 40 km south-east of Aachen.

The village of Reifferscheid, part of the municipality of Hellenthal, is dominated by the ruins of  Reifferscheid Castle, the seat of a medieval principality, see Salm. Another village within the municipality, Blumenthal, features ironworks industry area.

Euskirchen (district)
Euskirchen (German pronunciation: [ˈɔʏskɪʁçn̩] ⓘ) is a Kreis (district) in the south-west of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Neighboring districts are Aachen, Düren, Rhein-Erft-Kreis, Rhein-Sieg, Ahrweiler, Daun, Bitburg-Prüm, and the Liège province (Belgium).
Cleveland, New South Wales
Cleveland is a suburb of the City of Wollongong to the west of Dapto. At the 2021 census, it had a population of 22.

The Geographical Names Board of New South Wales assigned the name of Cleveland to the suburb on 5 August 2005. The name was derived from a historical farmhouse, which was located in the southwest of the suburb. The City of Wollongong and the New South Wales government have developed plans over many years for suburban development in the area.

Dapto, New South Wales
Dapto is a suburb of Wollongong in the Illawarra region of New South Wales, Australia, located on the western side of Lake Illawarra and covering 7.15 square kilometres (2.76 sq mi). As at the 2021 census, the suburb had a population of 10,954.
Mindanao languages
The Mindanao or Southern Philippine languages are an obsolete proposal for a subgroup of the Austronesian languages comprising the Danao languages, the Manobo languages and Subanon, all of which are spoken in Mindanao, Philippines.

Blust (1991) includes the three groups as separate branches in a larger Greater Central Philippine subgroup (together with the Central Philippine, Southern Mindoro, Palawan and
Gorontalo–Mongondow branches), and there is no evidence that they are more closely related to each other than to the other branches of the Greater Central Philippine subgroup.

Manobo languages
The Manobo languages are a group of languages spoken in the Philippines. Their speakers are primarily located around Northern Mindanao, Central Mindanao (presently called Soccsksargen) and Caraga regions where they are natively spoken. Some outlying groups make Manobo geographically discontiguous as other speakers can be located as far as the southern peninsula of Davao Oriental, most of Davao Occidental and coastal areas of Sultan Kudarat. The Kagayanen speakers are the most extremely remote and can be found in certain portions of Palawan.
Adjuvant therapy
Adjuvant therapy, also known as adjunct therapy, adjuvant care, or augmentation therapy, is a therapy that is given in addition to the primary or initial therapy to maximize its effectiveness. The surgeries and complex treatment regimens used in cancer therapy have led the term to be used mainly to describe adjuvant cancer treatments. An example of such adjuvant therapy is the additional treatment usually given after surgery where all detectable disease has been removed, but where there remains a statistical risk of relapse due to the presence of undetected disease. If known disease is left behind following surgery, then further treatment is not technically adjuvant.

An adjuvant used on its own specifically refers to an agent that improves the effect of a vaccine. Medications used to help primary medications are known as add-ons.

Hormone therapy
Hormone therapy or hormonal therapy is the use of hormones in medical treatment. Treatment with hormone antagonists may also be referred to as hormonal therapy or antihormone therapy. The most general classes of hormone therapy are oncologic hormone therapy, hormone replacement therapy (menopausal), androgen replacement therapy, oral contraceptive pills, and gender-affirming hormone therapy.
2025 Kyrgyz parliamentary election
Snap parliamentary elections were held in Kyrgyzstan on 30 November 2025 to elect members of the Supreme Council, following the self-dissolution of parliament in September 2025. The parliamentary elections were initially planned for November 2026 under the regular electoral calendar.

Candidates loyal to President Sadyr Japarov won a dominant majority in the Supreme Council. OSCE described the elections as efficiently run but that the crackdown on independent media and a lack of transparency limited choice place which stifled public engagement. According to Eurasianet the elections went smoothly with little sign of fraud, violence or direct government meddling with the most notable controversy being the disqualification of the Social Democrats. Nurlanbek Turgunbek uulu was re-elected as speaker of the Supreme Council.

7th Supreme Council of Kyrgyzstan
The Jogorku Kenesh of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan of the 7th convocation (Kyrgyz: Кыргыз Республикасынын Жогорку Кеңеши 7-чакырылыш) is the current convocation of the Parliament of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan, elected in the 2021 parliamentary election.
CIFTA
The Inter-American Convention Against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Ammunition, Explosives, and Other Related Materials  (CIFTA), originally the Inter-American Convention Against Illicit Firearms Trafficking in the Americas, is an international firearms control treaty.

Gun politics in the United States
In the context of gun violence in the United States, there are two primary opposing ideologies regarding private firearm ownership: gun control and gun rights.

Advocates of gun control support increasingly restrictive regulations on gun ownership, while proponents of gun rights oppose such restrictions and often support the liberalization of gun ownership. These groups typically differ in their interpretations of the Second Amendment to the United States Constitution, as well as in their views on the role of firearms in public safety, their impact on public health, and their relationship to crime rates at both national and state levels.: 1–3

Since the early 21st century, private firearm ownership in the United States has been steadily increasing, with a notable acceleration during and after 2020.
The survey also indicates a rise in the diversity of firearm owners, with increased ownership rates among females and ethnic minorities compared to previous years.
Cabinet of Josef Tošovský
The cabinet of Prime Minister  Josef Tošovský was in power from 2 January to 22 July 1998. It was a caretaker government formed after fall of Václav Klaus' Second Cabinet. It led the Czech Republic until snap election in June 1998. Cabinet consisted of independents and members of Civic Democratic Party, Christian and Democratic Union – Czechoslovak People's Party and Civic Democratic Alliance. Members of the cabinet that belonged to Civic Democratic Party later formed Freedom Union.

KDU-ČSL
KDU-ČSL (In Czech, the initials of the Christian and Democratic Union – Czechoslovak People's Party; Czech: Křesťanská a demokratická unie – Československá strana lidová), often shortened to lidovci ("the populars"), is a Christian democratic political party in the Czech Republic, led by Marek Výborný. The party has taken part in most of the Czech government coalitions since 1990, and has been represented in every parliament except for the 6th Czech parliament (2010–2013). It currently forms part of the parliamentary opposition, having been elected on the lists of the Spolu electoral alliance.
Topological recursion
In mathematics, topological recursion is a recursive definition of invariants of spectral curves.
It has applications in enumerative geometry, random matrix theory, mathematical physics, string theory, knot theory.

Moduli of algebraic curves
In algebraic geometry, a moduli space of (algebraic) curves  is a geometric space (typically a scheme or an algebraic stack) whose points represent isomorphism classes of algebraic curves.  It is thus a special case of a moduli space. Depending on the restrictions applied to the classes of algebraic curves considered, the corresponding moduli problem and the moduli space is different. One also distinguishes between  fine and coarse moduli spaces for the same moduli problem.

The most basic problem is that of moduli of smooth complete curves of a fixed genus. Over the field of complex numbers these correspond precisely to compact Riemann surfaces of the given genus, for which Bernhard Riemann proved the first results about moduli spaces, in particular their dimensions ("number of parameters on which the complex structure depends").
Sośnica, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship
Sośnica [sɔɕˈnit͡sa] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Wilczęta, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) north of Wilczęta, 21 km (13 mi) south of Braniewo, and 62 km (39 mi) north-west of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Wilczęta
Wilczęta [vilˈt͡ʂɛnta] is a village in Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Wilczęta. It lies approximately 26 km (16 mi) south of Braniewo and 58 km (36 mi) north-west of the regional capital Olsztyn.
Vitkovo
Vitkovo (Serbian: Витково) is a village in the municipality of Aleksandrovac, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 488 people.

In 2019, a 6000 years old Venus figurine was found at a nearby archeological site.

Aleksandrovac
Aleksandrovac (Serbian Cyrillic: Александровац) is a town and municipality located in the Rasina District of central Serbia. As of 2022, the town has a population of 5,586 inhabitants, while the municipality has 22,069 inhabitants.
SS Canastota
SS Canastota (formerly Falls of Orchy) was a British-flagged, coal-burning, two-masted, steel screw, cargo steamer. She was built in 1907 as Falls of Orchy at Napier & Miller's Old Kilpatrick Yard, Glasgow, Scotland, for the Falls Line. She  was sold in 1914 and briefly owned by the New Zealand Shipping Company She  was renamed Canastota when purchased by the Canastota Steamship Co in 1915. Canastota was last seen on 13 June 1921, leaving Sydney, Australia bound for Wellington, New Zealand. Although almost forgotten today, Canastota's loss was a major news item in Australia and New Zealand during the second half of 1921.

SS Canastota is not to be confused with:

USS Canastota (PC-1135), a World War II submarine chaser; or

another ship, a U.S. Navy tug with a similar sounding name, USS Conestoga, that also disappeared in 1921.

USS Conestoga (AT-54)
The second USS Conestoga (SP-1128/AT-54) was an ocean-going tug in the United States Navy.  Commissioned in 1917, it disappeared in the Pacific Ocean in 1921.  The fate of the vessel was a mystery until its wreck was positively identified in 2016.
Tartuffe
Tartuffe, or The Impostor, or The Hypocrite (/tɑːrˈtʊf, -ˈtuːf/; French: Tartuffe, ou l'Imposteur, pronounced [taʁtyf u lɛ̃pɔstœʁ]), first performed in 1664, is a theatrical comedy (or more specifically, a farce) by Molière. The characters of Tartuffe, Elmire, and Orgon are considered among the greatest classical theatre roles.

Hardouin de Péréfixe de Beaumont
Paul Philippe Hardouin de Beaumont de Péréfixe (French: [pɔl filip aʁdwɛ̃ də bomɔ̃ də peʁefiks]; 1606 – 1 January 1671) was a French historian and clergyman. He was bishop of Rodez, then archbishop of Paris.
Aqqyztoghay
47°05′55″N 54°23′20″E﻿ / ﻿47.09861°N 54.38889°E﻿ / 47.09861; 54.38889

Aqqyztoghay, also known as Akkiztogay, (Kazakh: Аққйзтоғай, Aqqiztoğai, اققيزتوعاي) is a town in Atyrau Region, southwest Kazakhstan. It lies at an altitude of 4 m (13 ft) below sea level.

Atyrau Region
Atyrau Region (Kazakh: Атырау облысы, romanized: Atyrau oblysy; Russian: Атырауская область), formerly known as Guryev Region (Russian: Гурьевская область) until 1991, is one of the regions of Kazakhstan, in the western part of the country around the northeast of the Caspian Sea. Its capital is the city of Atyrau, with a population of 355,117; the region itself has a population of 681,241, of which Kazakhs make up more than 90%.
Willans engine
The Willans engine or central valve engine was a high-speed stationary steam engine used mainly for electricity generation around the start of the 20th century.

Willans' engine was one of the best-known examples of the steeple compound engine. These were double- or triple-expansion compound engines, with the unusual features of single-acting cylinders and a central spindle valve shared between all the cylinders of that spindle. The cylinders are arranged as tandem compounds, with high- and low-pressure cylinders mounted on the same vertical shaft. This vertical arrangement of the steeple compound gives a compact floor layout for an engine of such power.

Willans engines were not the first high-speed engines for electricity generation, but they were soon adopted to become the predominant type in service.

Stationary steam engine
Stationary steam engines are fixed steam engines used for pumping or driving mills and factories, and for power generation. They are distinct from locomotive engines used on railways, traction engines for heavy steam haulage on roads, steam cars (and other motor vehicles), agricultural engines used for ploughing or threshing, marine engines, and the steam turbines used as the mechanism of power generation for most nuclear power plants.

The development of the steam engine was gradual. They were introduced during the 18th century and widely made for the whole of the 19th century and most of the first half of the 20th century, only declining as electricity supply and the internal combustion engine became more widespread. Over time, they would improve in pressure, expansion and speed.
Koorde
In peer-to-peer networks, Koorde is a distributed hash table (DHT) system based on the Chord DHT and the De Bruijn graph (De Bruijn sequence). Inheriting the simplicity of Chord, Koorde meets O(log n) hops per node (where n is the number of nodes in the DHT), and ⁠⁠ hops per lookup request with O(log n) neighbors per node.

The Chord concept is based on a wide range of identifiers (e.g. 2160) in a structure of a ring where an identifier can stand for both node and data. Node-successor is responsible for the whole range of IDs between itself and its predecessor.

Distance (graph theory)
In the mathematical field of graph theory, the distance between two vertices in a graph is the number of edges in a shortest path (also called a graph geodesic) connecting them.  This is also known as the geodesic distance or shortest-path distance. Notice that there may be more than one shortest path between two vertices. If there is no path connecting the two vertices, i.e., if they belong to different connected components, then conventionally the distance is defined as infinite.

In the case of a directed graph the distance d(u,v) between two vertices u and v is defined as the length of a shortest directed path from u to v consisting of arcs, provided at least one such path exists. Notice that, in contrast with the case of undirected graphs, d(u,v) does not necessarily coincide with d(v,u)—so it is just a quasi-metric, and it might be the case that one is defined while the other is not.
Cist
In archeology, a cist (/ˈkɪst/; also kist /ˈkɪst/;
ultimately from Ancient Greek: κίστη; cognate to English: chest) or cist grave is a small stone-built coffin-like box or ossuary used to hold the bodies of the dead. In some ways, it is similar to the deeper shaft tomb. Examples occur across Europe and in the Middle East.
A cist may have formerly been associated with other monuments, perhaps under a cairn or a long barrow. Several cists are sometimes found close together within the same cairn or barrow. Often ornaments have been found within an excavated cist, indicating the wealth or prominence of the interred individual.

This old word is preserved in the Nordic languages as kista in Swedish and kiste in Danish and Norwegian, as well as in Dutch (kist), where it is the word for a funerary coffin.  In English the term is related to cistern and to chest.

Ossuary
An ossuary is a chest, box, building, well, or site made to serve as the final resting place of human skeletal remains. They are frequently used where burial space is scarce. A body is first buried in a temporary grave, then after some years the skeletal remains are removed and placed in an ossuary ("os" is "bone" in Latin). The greatly reduced space taken up by an ossuary means that it is possible to store the remains of many more people in a single tomb than possible in coffins. The practice is sometimes known as grave recycling.
Khaba Sokchrongba
Khaba Sokchrongba (ꯈꯥꯕ ꯁꯣꯛꯆꯔꯣꯡꯕ), also known as Khaba Shokchrongba, was a king from the Khaba dynasty (Kha-Nganpa group) in ancient Kangleipak (early Manipur). He is best known in traditional Meitei stories as the father-in-law of deified Lady Panthoipi, a Meitei princess of the Ningthouja royal family. He played an important role in the story Panthoipi Khongkul (Panthoibi Khonggul).

Nongpok Ningthou
Nongpok Ningthou (Manipuri: ꯅꯣꯡꯄꯣꯛ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ), also known as the Sovereign of the East or King of the East, is a deity in Sanamahism, the indigenous religion of Manipur. He is the ruling guardian deity of the eastern direction. Legend says Nongpok Ningthou and his consort Panthoibi were united in the Nongmaiching Ching mountains. Later, they were worshipped as the civilization giving deities in Meitei religion.

Nongpok Ningthou is one of the principal Umang Lais. He was originally known as Langmai Ningthou (Lord of the Langmai people).: 78–80
Hutchinson, South Africa
Hutchinson is a village and former railway junction in the Northern Cape province of South Africa. It is located 12 kilometres (7 mi) south-east of Victoria West, on the Cape Town–Kimberley railway line. According to the 2011 census it has 367 residents.

Hutchinson was founded on the arrival of the railway line from Cape Town in 1883, as a station named Victoria West Road. In 1901 it was renamed after Sir Walter Hely-Hutchinson, then Governor of the Cape Colony. In 1905 Hutchinson became a junction when a branch line to Victoria West and Carnarvon was opened. This line was extended in 1915 to Williston and in 1918 to Calvinia. It was closed in 2001, but passenger trains on the main line still stop at Hutchinson to serve Victoria West.

Hutchinson is located in the Ubuntu Local Municipality, which is part of the Pixley ka Seme District Municipality. It is situated just off the R63 regional route.

Victoria West
Victoria West is a town in the central Karoo region of South Africa's Northern Cape province. It is situated on the main N12 route, at an elevation of 1,300 metres (4,300 ft). It is the seat of the Ubuntu Local Municipality within the Pixley ka Seme District Municipality.
2017 Sibiu Open
The 2017 Sibiu Open was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the sixth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2017 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Sibiu, Romania between 18 and 24 September 2017.

2017 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour, in 2017, was the secondary men's professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2017 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprises 155 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $50,000 up to $150,000. It was the 40th edition of the challenger tournaments cycle, and 9th under the name of Challenger Tour.