hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Particle in a ring
In quantum mechanics, the case of a particle in a one-dimensional ring is similar to the particle in a box. The Schrödinger equation for a free particle which is restricted to a ring (technically, whose configuration space is the circle ) is

with boundary conditions

expressing the fact that the particle is in a ring.

Quantization (physics)
Quantization (in British English quantisation) is the  systematic transition procedure from a classical understanding of physical phenomena to a newer understanding known as quantum mechanics.  It is a procedure for constructing  quantum mechanics from classical mechanics.  A generalization involving infinite degrees of freedom  is field quantization, as in the "quantization of the electromagnetic field", referring to photons as field "quanta" (for instance as light quanta). This procedure is basic to theories of atomic physics, chemistry, particle physics, nuclear physics, condensed matter physics, and quantum optics.
RK Lovćen in SEHA League
RK Lovćen Cetinje is a permanent member of the Regional SEHA League since its establishing.

In their first SEHA League season, Lovćen made surprising result, with final placement on 6th position. Year after that, Lovćen finished season on the same table position.

In the season 2013/14, because of new SEHA League criteria, SRC Lovćen hall was reconstructed, with changing capacity from 1,500 to 2,020.

RK Zagreb
Rukometni klub Zagreb (English: Zagreb Handball Club pronounced [zǎːɡrɛb]), a men's professional handball club based in Zagreb, Croatia, competes in the
Croatian Premier League and in the EHF Champions League.

RK Zagreb has won 38 national championships and the national cup 32 times. In the European Champions League the club has won twice and played another four times in the finals; it ranks among top eight most-successful handball clubs in the League's history.
Refiloe Nt'sekhe
Refiloe Nt'sekhe (born 28 April 1977) is a South African politician who has been a Member of the Provincial Legislature since 2014. She served as Deputy Speaker of the Gauteng Provincial Legislature from June to July 2024. A member of the Democratic Alliance, she served as one of the party's deputy federal chairpersons between 2015 and 2023 and as one of the party's national spokespeople between 2015 and 2020.

City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality
The City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality (Zulu: UMasipala weDolobhakazi laseKurhuleni; Afrikaans: Ekurhuleni Metropolitaanse Munisipaliteit; Northern Sotho: Mmasepala wa Toropokgolo ya Ekurhuleni; Sotho: Masepala wa Toropohadi ya Ekurhuleni) is a metropolitan municipality that forms the local government of the East Rand region of Gauteng, a large suburban region east of Johannesburg. Ekurhuleni means "place of peace" in XiTsonga. Ekurhuleni is one of the five districts of Gauteng and one of the eight metropolitan municipalities of South Africa. The seat of Ekurhuleni is Germiston and the most spoken language is Zulu at 28.6%. The city is home to South Africa's busiest airport, OR Tambo International Airport, which is in the Kempton Park area of Ekurhuleni.
Virtual unfolding
Virtual unfolding, also known as virtual unrolling, virtual unwrapping, or virtual unravelling, is a non-destructive method of unrolling and reading damaged or fragile scrolls. Unlike physical unrolling (which often destroys such scrolls), virtual unrolling starts with a 3D X-ray scan in a tomograph, which is later programmatically unrolled. The unrolled image then can be studied in detail and processed using machine learning methods. Virtual unfolding was used for the burned En-Gedi Scroll from Israel, for water-damaged Bressingham and burned Diss Heywood scrolls from England, for the Herculaneum papyri burned during the Pompeii volcano eruption, for a Mongolian Buddhist scroll, found inside a statue, for a metal scroll amulet from Jordan, unopened letters from Europe, and for bamboo scrolls from China.

PHerc. Paris. 4
PHerc. Paris. 4 is a carbonized scroll of papyrus, dating to the 1st century BC to the 1st century AD. Part of a corpus known as the Herculaneum papyri, it was buried by hot-ash in the Roman city of Herculaneum during the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD. It was subsequently discovered in excavations of the Villa of the Papyri from 1752–1754. Held by the Institut de France in its rolled state, it is now known to be a cornerstone example of non-invasive reading, where in February 2024, an announcement was made that the scroll's contents can be unveiled with the use of non-invasive X-ray imaging and machine learning algorithms, paving the way towards the decipherment and scanning of other Herculaneum papyri and otherwise heavily damaged scrolls.
Entrance prayers
The entrance prayers are the prayers recited by the deacon and priest upon entering the temple (church building) before celebrating the Divine Liturgy in the Eastern Orthodox Church and those Eastern Catholic Churches which follow the Byzantine Rite.

The entrance prayers are the preliminary portion of the Liturgy of Preparation which is done quietly and precedes the public part of the Divine Liturgy (see also kairon).

Little Hours
In Christianity, the Little Hours or minor hours are a subset of the canonical hours. The minor are those celebrated between Lauds and Vespers; they consist of Terce, Sext, Nones, and Compline. The minor hours, so called because their structure is shorter and simpler than that of the major hours, are celebrated at intervals between the major hours as a means of sanctifying the various stages of daylight and the workday.
Dar Alryada
Dar Alryada Omdurman Stadium (Arabic: دار الرياضة أم درمان) (English: House of Sport Omdurman) is a multi-use stadium in Omdurman, Sudan. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home of Al-Mourada football club. The stadium has a capacity of 14,000 people.

Omdurman
Omdurman (Arabic: أُمّ دُرمان, romanized: Umm Durmān) is a major city in Sudan. It is the second most populous city in the country, located in the State of Khartoum. Omdurman lies on the west bank of the River Nile, opposite and northwest of the capital city of Khartoum. The city acts as an important road hub, with the Nile boosting transportation even further.
Farwell Mill
The Farwell Mill is an historic former mill complex at 244 Lisbon Street (Maine State Route 196) in Lisbon, Maine.  Built in 1872, it is a fine example of a cotton mill built at the height of the Industrial Revolution.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.  It is now residential housing.

Lisbon, Maine
Lisbon is a town in Androscoggin County, Maine, United States. The population was 9,711 at the 2020 census. It is included in both the Lewiston-Auburn, Maine metropolitan statistical area and the Lewiston–Auburn, Maine Metropolitan New England city and town area. The town of Lisbon includes the villages of Lisbon and Lisbon Falls.
Serghei Tarnovschi
Serghei Tarnovschi (Ukrainian: Сергій Тарновський; born 24 June 1997) is a Ukrainian and Moldovan sprint canoeist. He won two Olympic bronze medals in the men's C-1 1000 metres event, at the 2020 Summer Olympics and the 2024 Summer Olympics.

National Olympic Committee of the Republic of Moldova
The National Olympic Committee of the Republic of Moldova (Romanian: Comitetul Național Olimpic al Republicii Moldova, CNORM; IOC Code: MDA) is responsible for Republic of Moldova's participation in the Olympic Games.

Its organizational framework includes the Executive Committee, responsible for strategic decisions and leadership, and the Commission of Censors, which ensures financial oversight and transparency.
Psydrax obovatus
Psydrax obovatus is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is a shrub or tree native to southern Africa, where it ranges from the Cape Provinces to KwaZulu-Natal, the Northern Provinces, Mozambique, and Zimbabwe.

Two subspecies are accepted:

Psydrax obovatus subsp. ellipticus Bridson – Mozambique, Northern Provinces, and Zimbabwe

Psydrax obovatus subsp. obovatus – Cape Provinces, KwaZulu-Natal, Mozambique, and Northern Provinces

Cape Provinces
The Cape Provinces of South Africa is a biogeographical area used in the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD). It is part of the WGSRPD region 27 Southern Africa. The area has the code "CPP". It includes the South African provinces of the Eastern Cape, the Northern Cape and the Western Cape, together making up most of the former Cape Province.

The area includes the Cape Floristic Region, the smallest of the six recognised floral kingdoms of the world, an area of extraordinarily high diversity and endemism, home to more than 9,000 vascular plant species, of which 69 percent are endemic.
1973 Virginia Slims of Columbus
The 1973 Virginia Slims of Columbus  was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoorclay courts at the Columbus Country Club in Columbus, Georgia in the United States that was part of the 1973 Virginia Slims World Championship Series. It was the second and final; edition of the tournament and was held from September 24 through September 30, 1973. Second-seeded Chris Evert won the singles title and earned $7,000 first-prize money.

1973 WTA Tour
The 1973 WTA Tour was also the first season of the WTA Tour was officially formed by Billie Jean King following a meeting held in the Gloucester Hotel in London during the week before Wimbledon. It was composed of the third annual Virginia Slims Circuit a tour of tennis tournaments for female tennis players, sponsored by Virginia Slims cigarettes. and the ILTF Commercial Union Assurance Grand Prix,  a circuit of tournaments sponsored by Commercial Union Assurance Company.
Patricia Preciado Martin
Patricia Preciado Martin (born July 6, 1939) is an author and researcher who specializes in oral history and the history of Arizona. She was one of the first to document, write and share stories of Mexican Americans in Tucson, Arizona.

Arizona Historical Society
The Arizona Historical Society (AHS) is a non-profit organization whose mission is to connect people through the power of Arizona's history. It does this through four regional divisions. Each division has a representative museum. The statewide divisions are as follows: Southern Arizona Division in Tucson, the Central Arizona Division in Tempe, and the Northern Arizona Division in Flagstaff. It was founded in 1884.
Ukrainian football clubs in European competitions
Ukrainian football clubs have participated in European football competitions since 1965, when in the 1965–66 season, Dynamo Kyiv took part in the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup – the first Ukrainian and the first Soviet club to do so. In total, 17 clubs have represented Ukraine in European competition, among which 7 also previously represented the Soviet Union.

Valeriy Lobanovskyi Dynamo Stadium
The Stadion Dynamo imeni Valeria Lobanovskoho is a multi-functional stadium in Kyiv, Ukraine that is modified for football use only.

It is the home stadium of Dynamo Kyiv yet not the main stadium, for which Dynamo uses the bigger NSC Olympiyskiy. The Dynamo Stadium is also a major alternative stadium for the Ukraine national football team that often plays its exhibition games. The stadium holds 16,873 people, and was built in 1934 as Vsevolod Balitsky Dynamo Stadium by the project of Vasyl Osmak as the central stadium of the Ukrainian SSR Dynamo sports society associated with OGPU/NKVD. It was built in the park area next to the NKVD building which is today known as the Government building.
The 502s
The 502s are an American indie folk band from Maitland, Florida formed by Eddie Isola. Their sound has been described as a "folk orchestra", and as a blend of roots, rock and bluegrass. The 502s' sound is often compared to Edward Sharpe and the Magnetic Zeros, The Avett Brothers, and Old Crow Medicine Show, and the band is noted for their eclectic instrumental arrangements involving banjo, piano, and horns. Their live show received praise for "rambunctious energy, stomping sounds... and charismatic personalities" by Cowboys & Indians. Initially consisting of Eddie Isola and his cousins with a rotating cast of musicians, the band's longest standing consistent lineup includes Joe Capati (saxophones), Sean Froehlich (drums and percussion), and Nicholas Melashenko (bass guitar), with their newest member, Graci Phillips (guitar), joining the band in 2023.

The Avett Brothers
The Avett Brothers /ˈeɪvɪt/ are an American folk rock band from Concord, North Carolina. The band is made up of two brothers, Scott Avett (banjo, lead vocals, guitar, piano, kick-drum) and Seth Avett (guitar, lead vocals, piano, hi-hat) along with Bob Crawford (double bass, electric bass, violin, backing vocals) and Joe Kwon (cello, backing vocals). Mike Marsh (drums), Tania Elizabeth (fiddle) and Bonnie Avett-Rini (piano) are touring members of the band.

Following on from Seth and Scott's former rock band Nemo, The Avett Brothers combine bluegrass, country, 
punk, pop melodies, folk, rock and roll, indie rock, honky tonk, and ragtime to produce a novel sound described by the San Francisco Chronicle as having the "heavy sadness of Townes Van Zandt, the light pop concision of Buddy Holly, the tuneful jangle of the Beatles, the raw energy of the Ramones."
1880 Southern Luzon earthquakes
The 1880 Southern Luzon earthquakes, were one of the most destructive tremors on record in the history of the country. The shocks continued, with greater or less interruption, from July 14–25, 1880; highlighted by three violent quakes measuring Mw 7.0, Mw  7.6, and Mw  7.2 respectively. The sequence destroyed churches and other buildings, producing loss of life. Coinciding with the tectonic activity was an increase in volcanic activity in the Taal Volcano of southwestern Luzon.

Manila, together with the provinces of Cavite, Bulacan, Laguna, Pampanga, and Nueva Ecija were the chief victims from the convulsions, with Manila and Laguna receiving the full brunt of the quakes. In many places, buildings were converted into shapeless heaps of ruins, and the materials of their prosperity buried beneath the rubbish.

San Agustin Church (Manila)
The Archdiocesan Shrine of Our Lady of Consolation and Cincture, also known as the Church of Saint Augustine and Immaculate Conception Parish, is a Roman Catholic church under the auspices of the Order of Saint Augustine located inside the historic walled city of Intramuros in Manila, Philippines. Completed in 1607, it is the oldest stone church in the country.

In 1993, San Agustin Church was one of four Philippine churches constructed during the Spanish colonial period to be designated as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO, under the collective title Baroque Churches of the Philippines. It was named a National Historical Landmark by the Philippine government in 1976.
Chelsea Cooley
Chelsea Scott Cooley Altman  (born October 30, 1983) is an American actress, singer, model and beauty pageant titleholder who has competed in the Miss Teen USA, Miss USA and Miss Universe pageants and who has held the Miss USA 2005 title.

As Miss USA, Cooley represented the Miss Universe Organization. Her "sister" 2005 titleholders were Natalie Glebova (Miss Universe, of Canada) and Allie LaForce (Miss Teen USA, of Ohio). She raised $22.8 million for breast- and ovarian-cancer research during her time as Miss USA.

Allie LaForce
Alexandra Leigh LaForce (born December 11, 1988) is an American journalist, model and beauty queen who won Miss Teen USA 2005. She is a reporter for TNT Sports, covering the NBA on TNT. She was previously the lead reporter for SEC college football games, a courtside reporter for college basketball games, and the host of We Need to Talk on the CBS Sports Network. LaForce also worked as a broadcast sports anchor and reporter for the Cleveland, Ohio, FOX affiliate WJW. She won a 2011 Emmy award for anchoring FOX 8's Friday Night Touchdown high school football show. She was Miss Teen USA in 2005, and played college basketball at Ohio University.
Diaxanthia
Diaxanthia is a monotypic moth genus in the subfamily Arctiinae erected by George Hampson in 1898. Its single species, Diaxanthia lucinia, was first described by Herbert Druce in 1884. It is found in Costa Rica.

Arctiinae
The Arctiinae (formerly called the family Arctiidae) are a large and diverse subfamily of moths with around 11,000 species found all over the world, including 6,000 neotropical species. This subfamily includes the groups commonly known as tiger moths (or tigers), which usually have bright colours, footmen, which are usually much drabber, lichen moths, and wasp moths. Many species have "hairy" caterpillars that are popularly known as woolly bears or woolly worms. The scientific name Arctiinae refers to this hairiness (Gk. αρκτος = a bear). Some species within the Arctiinae have the word "tussock"' in their common names because they have been misidentified as members of the Lymantriinae subfamily based on the characteristics of the larvae.
Bat bomb
Bat bombs were an experimental World War II weapon developed by the United States. The bomb consisted of a bomb-shaped casing with over a thousand compartments, each containing a hibernating Mexican free-tailed bat with a small, timed incendiary bomb attached. Dropped from a bomber at dawn, the casings would deploy a parachute in mid-flight and open to release the bats, which would then disperse and roost in eaves and attics in a 20–40-mile radius (32–64 km). The incendiaries, which were set on timers, would then ignite and start fires in inaccessible places in the largely wood and paper constructions of the Japanese cities that were the weapon's intended target. The United States Navy took control in August 1943, using the code name Project X-Ray.

Incendiary device
Incendiary weapons, incendiary devices, incendiary munitions, or incendiary bombs are weapons designed to start fires. They may destroy structures or sensitive equipment using fire, and sometimes operate as anti-personnel weaponry. Incendiaries utilize materials such as napalm, thermite, magnesium powder, chlorine trifluoride, or white phosphorus. Though colloquially often called "bombs", they are not explosives but in fact operate to slow the process of chemical reactions and use ignition rather than detonation to start or maintain the reaction. Napalm, for example, is petroleum especially thickened with certain chemicals into a gel to slow, but not stop, combustion, releasing energy over a longer time than an explosive device. In the case of napalm, the gel adheres to surfaces and resists suppression.
Billy Eckstine
William Clarence Eckstine (July 8, 1914 – March 8, 1993) was an American jazz and pop singer and a bandleader during the swing and bebop eras. He was noted for his rich, almost operatic bass-baritone voice. In 2019, Eckstine was posthumously awarded the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award "for performers who, during their lifetimes, have made creative contributions of outstanding artistic significance to the field of recording". His recording of "I Apologize" (MGM, 1951) was given the Grammy Hall of Fame Award in 1999. The New York Times described him as an "influential band leader" whose "suave bass-baritone" and "full-throated, sugary approach to popular songs inspired singers such as Earl Coleman, Johnny Hartman, Joe Williams, Arthur Prysock, and Lou Rawls."

Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award
The Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award is a special Grammy Award that is awarded by The Recording Academy to "performers who, during their lifetimes, have made creative contributions of outstanding artistic significance to the field of recording."

This award is distinct from the Grammy Hall of Fame Award, which honors specific recordings rather than individuals, and the Grammy Trustees Award, which honors non-performers.

The honor was established in 1962, with the first awarded recipient in 1963.
Profile II: The Best of Emmylou Harris
Profile II: The Best of Emmylou Harris is a compilation of hits by Emmylou Harris originally from five of her albums released between 1979 and 1983 (Blue Kentucky Girl, Roses in the Snow, Evangeline, Cimarron, Last Date, and White Shoes), plus two singles, "Someone Like You", a new tune which became a Billboard #26 country hit in early 1985, and lacks the backup vocals of Dolly Parton and Linda Ronstadt featured on Evangeline.

Unlike her prior compilation, which collected all of her singles and two album tracks, Profile II omits several singles released during this period, including her duet with Roy Orbison, "That Lovin' You Feelin' Again" (from the Roadie soundtrack), "The Boxer" (from Roses in the Snow), "I Don't Have To Crawl" (from Evangeline), "If I Needed You" and "Tennessee Rose" (from Cimarron), "So Sad (To Watch Good Love Go Bad)" (from Last Date), and "In My Dreams" and "Drivin' Wheel" (from White Shoes).

Last Date (Emmylou Harris album)
Last Date is a live Emmylou Harris album, released in October 1982.  Recorded at a series of honky tonks and other small venues on the west coast, Harris conceived the album as a showcase for her Hot Band.  It was composed mostly of country standards.  Harris reached No. 1 on the U.S. country charts with the title single, written by Floyd Cramer, who originally took it to the top ten on the U.S. pop and country charts, as an instrumental in 1960.  In 2000, Eminent Records reissued Last Date for the first time on CD, complete with new liner notes and two bonus tracks.
Salmonby
Salmonby is a village in the civil parish of Tetford, in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated 5.5 miles (8.9 km) north-east from Horncastle, 10 miles (16 km) south from Louth and 8 miles (13 km) north-west from Spilsby. Salmonby lies within the Lincolnshire Wolds, a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. Tetford lies to the north-east and Somersby to the south.

The parish covered about 1,000 acres (4.0 km2), and contains a chalybeate spring, whose waters eventually join the Steeping River near Spilsby.

East Lindsey
East Lindsey is a local government district in Lincolnshire, England. Its council is based in Horncastle and the largest town is Skegness. Other towns include Alford, Burgh le Marsh, Coningsby, Louth, Mablethorpe, Spilsby, Sutton on Sea, Wainfleet All Saints, Wragby and Woodhall Spa. The district also covers a large rural area, including many smaller settlements.

The district lies on the east coast, bordering the North Sea. The north-west of the district includes part of the Lincolnshire Wolds, a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The neighbouring districts are Boston, North Kesteven, West Lindsey and North East Lincolnshire.
Archippus (poet)
Archippus (/ɑːrˈkɪpəs/; Ancient Greek: Ἅρχιππος; fl. late 5th century BC) was an Athenian poet of the Old Comedy.  His most famous play was the Fishes, in which he satirized the fondness of the Athenian epicures for fish.  The Alexandrian critics attributed to him the authorship of four plays previously assigned to Aristophanes (Dionysus Shipwrecked, Islands, Niobos, and Poetry). Archippus was ridiculed by his contemporaries for his fondness for playing upon words.

Titles and fragments of six plays are preserved: Amphitryon, The Donkey's Shadow, Fishes, Hercules Getting Married, Pinon, and Ploutos.

Old Comedy
Old Comedy is the first period of the ancient Greek comedy, according to the canonical division by the Alexandrian grammarians. The most important Old Comic playwright is Aristophanes – whose works, with their daring political commentary and abundance of sexual innuendo, de facto define the genre. The only extant plays of Old Comedy are credited to Aristophanes. There are only fragments and 'testimonia' of all other Old Comedy playwrights and plays.