hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hamilton–Jacobi–Einstein equation
In general relativity, the Hamilton–Jacobi–Einstein equation (HJEE) or Einstein–Hamilton–Jacobi equation (EHJE) is an equation in the Hamiltonian formulation of geometrodynamics in superspace, cast in the "geometrodynamics era" around the 1960s, by Asher Peres in 1962 and others. It is an attempt to reformulate general relativity in such a way that it resembles quantum theory within a semiclassical approximation, much like the correspondence between quantum mechanics and classical mechanics.

It is named for Albert Einstein, Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi, and William Rowan Hamilton. The EHJE contains as much information as all ten Einstein field equations (EFEs). It is a modification of the Hamilton–Jacobi equation (HJE) from classical mechanics, and can be derived from the Einstein–Hilbert action using the principle of least action in the ADM formalism.

Einstein–Hilbert action
The Einstein–Hilbert action in general relativity yields the Einstein field equations through the principle of stationary action. With the  metric signature, the gravitational part of the action is given as

where  is the determinant of the metric tensor matrix,  is the Ricci scalar, and  is the Einstein gravitational constant,  is the gravitational constant and  is the speed of light in vacuum. If it converges, the integral is taken over the whole spacetime. If it does not converge,  is no longer well-defined, but a modified definition where one integrates over arbitrarily large, relatively compact domains, still yields the Einstein equation as the Euler–Lagrange equation of the Einstein–Hilbert action. The action was proposed by David Hilbert in 1915 as part of his application of the variational principle to a combination of gravity and electromagnetism.: 119
2009 ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament
The 2009 ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 37th edition of the event known as the ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament, and is part of the ATP World Tour 500 series of the 2009 ATP World Tour. It took place at the Rotterdam Ahoy indoor sporting arena in Rotterdam, Netherlands, from 9 February through 15 February 2009. Second-seeded Andy Murray won the singles final beating first-seeded Rafael Nadal in the final.

Gaël Monfils
Gaël Sébastien Monfils (French pronunciation: [ɡaɛl mɔ̃fis]; born 1 September 1986) is a French professional tennis player. He has been ranked as high as world No. 6 in men's singles by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP), achieved in November 2016. Monfils has won 13 ATP Tour singles titles, out of 35 finals contested. His best results at the majors are two semifinals, at the 2008 French Open and 2016 US Open.

Monfils was named the ATP Newcomer of the Year in 2005. He reached at least one ATP Tour singles final every year for 19 consecutive seasons from 2005 to 2023, and is one of five players in the Open Era to do so for 19 or more seasons. He is also eighth among active players with over 550 career match wins. In 2025, Monfils became the oldest ATP Tour champion since the Tour's establishment in 1990.
Duncan Archibald Bruce
Duncan Archibald Bruce (February 19, 1932 – November 22, 2019) was an American author of fiction and non-fiction novels, best known for his historical contribution to the history of Scotland and the Scots.  He authored and published four books, The Mark of the Scots (1996), The Scottish 100 (2000), The Great Scot (2004) and Two Hundred Fifty Years; The History of St. Andrew’s Society of the State of New York, 1756-2006.  He received a number of awards for his research and for sharing the historical accomplishments of the Scottish people. He was the father to daughters Jenny Bruce and Elizabeth Bruce.

Saint Andrew's Society of the State of New York
The Saint Andrew's Society of the State of New York is the oldest charitable institution in the state of New York and is focused on helping Scots in the New York community with the motto Charity, Fellowship, Scholarship.
Apophony
In linguistics, apophony is an alternation of vowel (quality) within a word that indicates grammatical information (often inflectional). It is also known as ablaut, (vowel) gradation, (vowel) mutation, alternation, internal modification, stem modification, stem alternation, replacive morphology, stem mutation, or internal inflection.

Infix
An infix is an affix inserted inside a word stem (an existing word or the core of a family of words). It contrasts with adfix, a rare term for an affix attached to the outside of a stem, such as a prefix or suffix.

When marking text for interlinear glossing, most affixes are separated with a hyphen, but infixes are separated with ⟨angle brackets⟩.
2002 V8 Supercars Eastern Creek round
The 2002 Eastern Creek V8 Supercar round was the third round of the 2002 V8 Supercar Championship Series. It was held on the weekend of 26 to 28 April at the Eastern Creek Raceway, New South Wales Australia.

The round was dominated by Mark Skaife, who took pole position and won every race of the weekend. These results helped further cement his lead in the championship. Marcos Ambrose was second for the round whilst the podium was rounded out by Craig Lowndes.

Sydney Motorsport Park
Sydney Motorsport Park (known until May 2012 as Eastern Creek International Raceway) is a motorsport circuit located on Brabham Drive, Eastern Creek (40-kilometres west of the Sydney CBD), New South Wales, Australia, adjacent to the Western Sydney International Dragway. It was built and is owned by the New South Wales Government and is operated by the Australian Racing Drivers Club.
KCBQ
KCBQ (1170 AM  "The Answer") is a commercial radio station in San Diego, California.  It is owned by Salem Media Group and airs a conservative talk radio format.  Studios and offices are on Towne Center Drive in San Diego's University City area.  The transmitter is off Moreno Avenue in Lakeside, California.  By day, KCBQ operates at 50,000 watts, the maximum power for American AM stations.  Because KCBQ is not a clear-channel station, it must reduce its power at night to 2900 watts to avoid interfering with Class A stations KOTV in Tulsa, Oklahoma, and WWVA in Wheeling, West Virginia, both clear-channel stations. KCBQ uses a directional antenna at all times.

KCBQ used a Top 40 format in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s, later airing country music and oldies formats in the 1980s and 1990s, before switching to talk.

Brokered programming
Brokered programming (also known as time-buy and blocktime) is a form of broadcast content in which the show's producer pays a radio or television station for air time, rather than exchanging programming for pay or the opportunity to play spot commercials. A brokered program is typically not capable of garnering enough support from advertisements to pay for itself, and may be controversial, esoteric or an advertisement in itself.
Furnace Village Historic District
The Furnace Village Historic District is a historic district encompassing a historic colonial industrial area in Easton, Massachusetts.  It is centered on the junction of Foundry Street (Massachusetts Routes 106 and 123) with South Street and Poquanticut Avenue.  The area was settled in 1723, with industrial activity beginning in 1742.  An iron furnace was established here in 1751, and industrial uses continued into the 19th century.   In addition to colonial-era houses, there are also 19th-century worker housing units.

The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

Massachusetts Route 123
Route 123 is a 41.91-mile-long (67.45 km) east–west (though geographically more northeast-southwest) state highway in southeastern Massachusetts. It crosses northern Bristol and Plymouth counties, crossing several highways along the way.
UFO Tofu
UFO Tofu is the third album by Béla Fleck and the Flecktones, released in 1992. The title is a palindrome, which is also a musical theme in the title track; the idea originated with the musician Baby Gramps.

Future Man
Roy Wilfred Wooten (born October 13, 1957), also known as RoyEl, best known by his stage name Future Man (also written Futureman and known to fans as Futche), is an American musician, inventor and composer.

He is best known as a member of jazz and bluegrass quartet Béla Fleck and the Flecktones, along with banjoist Béla Fleck, harmonicist Howard Levy, and Roy's brother,  bassist Victor Wooten. His primary instrument is the SynthAxeDrumitar, a guitar synthesizer he  customized to play drum and percussion, but he  sometimes plays a standard drum kit and other conventional percussion.
Lamontichthys stibaros
Lamontichthys stibaros is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Loricariidae, the mailed catfishes, and the subfamily Loricariinae, the armoured suckermouth catfishes. This catfish is found in Ecuador and Peru, in Ecuador it is found in the basin of the Napo-Pastaza basin, and in Peru it is known from the Marañon basin and has been reported from the Itaya River. This species grows to a standard length of 24.2 cm (9.5 in).

Loricariidae
Loricariidae is the largest family of catfish (order Siluriformes), with over 90 genera and just over 680 species. Loricariids originate from freshwater habitats of Costa Rica, Panama, and tropical and subtropical South America. These fish are noted for the bony plates covering their bodies and their suckermouths. Several genera are sold as "plecos", notably the suckermouth catfish, Hypostomus plecostomus, and are popular as aquarium fish.
NGC 2301
NGC 2301 is an open cluster  in the constellation Monoceros. It was discovered by William Herschel in 1786. It is visible through 7x50 binoculars and it is considered the best open cluster for small telescopes in the constellation. It is located 5° WNW of Delta Monocerotis and 2° SSE of 18 Monocerotis. The brightest star of the cluster is an orange G8 subgiant star of 8.0 magnitude, but it is possible that it is a foreground star. The cluster contains also blue giants. The brightest main sequence star is a B9 star with magnitude 9.1.

18 Monocerotis
18 Monocerotis is a binary star system located about halfway from Orion's Belt to Procyon, in the equatorial constellation of Monoceros. It is visible to the naked eye as a faint, orange-hued star with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.47, and is positioned around 370 light years away from the Sun based on parallax. The system is receding from the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of +11 km/s.

It is reported as a single-lined spectroscopic binary with an orbital period of 1,760.9 days (4.8 years) and an eccentricity of 0.4. The visible component is an aging K-type giant star with a stellar classification of K0+IIIaBa0.2, showing a slight overabundance of barium. The spectrum displays strong violet lines of CN. With the supply of hydrogen at its core exhausted, this star has expanded to 27 times the radius of the Sun. It is radiating 311 times the luminosity of the Sun from its swollen photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,750 K.
Arkady Borisov
Arkady Borisovich Borisov (Russian: Аркадий Борисович Борисов; 13 May 1901 – 27 May 1942) was a Soviet corps commander. He was born in what is now Uzbekistan. He fought for the Bolsheviks against the White movement during the civil war. He was a recipient of the Order of the Red Banner. During the Great Purge, he was arrested on 10 February 1938 and imprisoned in Rostov. While he was imprisoned, his predecessor Ivan Kosogov and successor Yakov Sheko were executed. He was later released and died on 27 May 1942.

Ivan Kosogov
Ivan Dmitriyevich Kosogov (Russian: Иван Дмитриевич Косогов, 1891 – 1 August 1938) was a Soviet Komkor (corps commander). He fought on the side of the Bolsheviks against the White movement during the Russian Civil War. He was a recipient of the Order of the Red Banner. During the Great Purge, he was arrested in 1937 and executed the following year at the Kommunarka shooting ground.
Surunga Municipality
Surunga Municipality (Nepali: सुरुङ्‍गा नगरपालिका) is located in Saptari District in the Province 2 of Nepal. It was formed in 2016 occupying current 11 sections (wards) merging previous Pipra, Hardiya, Daulatpur, Madhupati, Kushaha, Haripur, Malhanwa, Tikulya, Pramanpur (ward no.09) and Patewarba VDCs. It occupies an area of 107.04 km2 with a total population of 44,221.

Hardiya, Saptari
Hardiya is a village development committee in Saptari District in the Sagarmatha Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 5,286 people living in 1,139 individual households.

Hardiya, according to Nepal's statistics falls in Ward Number 6 and has people of different casts including mukhiya, saha, yadav, chaudhari etc.
Mount Bearskin
Mount Bearskin (78°20′S 85°37′W﻿ / ﻿78.333°S 85.617°W﻿ / -78.333; -85.617) is a mountain (2,850 m) located 5 nautical miles (9 km) northeast of Mount Tyree, between Patton and Crosswell Glaciers, in the Sentinel Range, Ellsworth Mountains. It is linked to Tyree Ridge by Podgore Saddle.

The mountain was mapped by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1957–59. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for Captain Leland S. Bearskin of the United States Air Force (USAF), who participated in establishing the IGY South Pole Station in the 1956–57 season.

Tyree Ridge
Tyree Ridge (78°23′00″S 85°40′00″W﻿ / ﻿78.38333°S 85.66667°W﻿ / -78.38333; -85.66667) is a narrow rock ridge that extends northeast for 3 nautical miles (5.6 km) from Mount Tyree in the Sentinel Range of the Ellsworth Mountains. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names in 2006, in association with Mount Tyree.
All Pakistan Newspapers Society
All Pakistan Newspapers Society (APNS) is an organization of major Pakistani newspapers, their publishers, companies, and corporations. It includes the Jang Group of Newspapers, Dawn Group of Newspapers, and Nawa-i-Waqt Group of Newspapers.

Hamid Nizami
Hameed Nizami or Hamid Nizami (Punjabi, Urdu: حمید نظامی; b. 3 October 1915 – 22 February 1962), was an eminent journalist, literary figure, Pakistan Movement activist, and the founder and editor-in-chief of the Urdu-language newspaper, the Nawa-i-Waqt (lit. 'The Voice of the Time').

He earned national prominence for penning several political articles and opinionated columns in support of the successful Pakistan Movement while he played a crucial role in the growing influence of the print journalism in Pakistan.
Kee Tai Zhongxiao
Kee Tai Zhongxiao (Chinese: 基泰忠孝; pinyin: Jī Tài Zhōngxìao) is a 151.5 m (497 ft), 37-storey mixed-used skyscraper located in Zhongzheng District, Taipei, Taiwan. The building started construction in 2012 and was completed in 2019. The floor area of the building is 25,605 m2 (275,610 sq ft), and it comprises 37 floors above ground, as well as six basement levels. As of January 2021, the building is the second tallest building in Zhongzheng District, after Shin Kong Life Tower.

Shin Kong Life Tower
Shin Kong Life Tower (Chinese: 新光人壽保險摩天大樓; pinyin: Xīnguāng Rénshòu Bǎoxiǎn Mótiān Dàlóu), at 51 stories and a height of 245 meters (803.8 ft), is one of Taiwan's earliest  skyscrapers. The rose-colored tower topped by a pyramid stands in Zhongzheng District, Taipei, and dates from 1993. Its first twelve floors and two underground floors house a Shin Kong Mitsukoshi Department Store; the remaining floors provide office space and serve as headquarters for the Shin Kong Life insurance company. The building stands across Zhongxiao Road from Taipei Main Station near the Asiaworld Department Store.

The Shin Kong Life Tower was Taiwan's tallest building when it opened in 1993. The twin towers of the nearby Far Eastern Plaza, built at the same time, approached it in height. In 1997, the Tuntex 85 Sky Tower in the city of Kaohsiung became Taiwan's tallest. New height records were then set by Taipei 101 in 2004.
Palatriccoli
The PalaTriccoli (officially Palazzetto dello sport “Ezio Triccoli”), also known as UBI BPA Sport Center (due to sponsorship reasons), is an indoor sporting arena located in Jesi, Italy.

It was the home venue of women's volleyball club Vini Monteschiavo Jesi during the period it played in the Serie A1 from 2001 to 2010. It is the home venue of basketball club Aurora Basket Jesi since 1992 and has capacity for 3,500 spectators.

In April 2015, the venue was renamed UBI BPA Sport Center after a sponsorship deal was agreed.

Jesi
Jesi (Italian: [ˈjɛːzi]) is a comune (municipality) in the province of Ancona, in the Italian region of Marche.

It is an important industrial and artistic center in the floodplain on the left (north) bank of the Esino river, 17 kilometres (11 mi) before its mouth on the Adriatic Sea.
Griff II
Griff II, the current iteration of Griff, is the Official Live Mascot of Drake University. Griff II is an English Bulldog who will be retiring from the position in May of 2026, and will be succeeded by Griff III. There have been two bulldogs to bear the name Griff at Drake, with the most recent, who assumed the name in July 2020, taking over as mascot before the 2020–21 school year. The name "Griff" can be attributed to former Drake football coach and creator of the Drake Relays, John L. Griffith, who became known for bringing his two English Bulldogs to the practices and games as he coached. Because of this tradition, Des Moines Register sports editor Art Gordon eventually dubbed the teams "the Bulldogs."

Drake Bulldogs men's basketball
The Drake Bulldogs men's basketball team represents Drake University, located in Des Moines, Iowa, in NCAA Division I basketball competition. The program is best known for making the 1969 Final Four. The Bulldogs have appeared eight times in the NCAA tournament, making their most recent appearance in 2025.
Tablas drongo
The Tablas drongo (Dicrurus menagei) is an Asian bird of the family Dicruridae. It was formerly considered conspecific with the hair-crested drongo.

It is endemic to Tablas Island in the Philippines. It is noted by its jet black plumage with a long fish-like tail. It inhabits tropical old-growth forest. Prior to 1998, it was not seen for many decades due to lack of surveys on the island. It is estimated to consist of just 50 to 250 mature adults making it one of the most endangered birds in the Philippines. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Drongo
A drongo is a member of the family Dicruridae of passerine birds of the Old World tropics. The 28 species in the family are placed in a single genus, Dicrurus.

Drongos are mostly black or dark grey, short-legged birds, with an upright stance when perched. They have forked tails and some have elaborate tail decorations. They feed on insects and small birds, which they catch in flight or on the ground. Some species are accomplished mimics and have a variety of alarm calls, to which other birds and animals often respond. They are known to utter fake alarm calls that scare other animals off food, which the drongo then claims.
GCR Class 8F
The GCR Class 8F was a class of ten 4-6-0 locomotives built for the Great Central Railway in 1906 by Beyer, Peacock and Company to the design of John G. Robinson for working fast goods and fish trains. They passed to the London and North Eastern Railway at the 1923 grouping and received the classification 'B4'.

4-6-0
A 4-6-0 steam locomotive, under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives by wheel arrangement, has four leading wheels on two axles in a leading bogie and six powered and coupled driving wheels on three axles with the absence of trailing wheels.

In the mid-19th century, this wheel arrangement became the second-most-popular configuration for new steam locomotives in the United States, where this type is commonly referred to as a Ten-wheeler. As locomotives pulling trains of lightweight all-wood passenger cars from the 1890 to the 1920s, they were exceptionally stable at near 100 mph (160 km/h) speeds on the New York Central's New York-to-Chicago Water Level Route and on the Reading Railroad's line from Camden to Atlantic City, New Jersey.
2015 ANA Inspiration
The 2015 ANA Inspiration was the 44th ANA Inspiration, held April 2–5 on the Dinah Shore Tournament Course at Mission Hills Country Club in Rancho Mirage, California. The tournament was in its first year with All Nippon Airways (ANA) as the title sponsor and its 33rd year as a major championship. 2009 champion Brittany Lincicome eagled the 72nd hole to force a playoff, then defeated Stacy Lewis on the third extra hole to win her second major title. Golf Channel televised the event.

Rancho Mirage, California
Rancho Mirage is a city in Riverside County, California, United States. The city is a low-density desert community with resorts, golf courses, and country clubs within the Colorado Desert section of the Sonoran Desert. Nestled along the foothills of the Santa Rosa Mountains in the south, it is located several minutes east of Palm Springs. The city is adjacent to Cathedral City, Palm Desert, and unincorporated Thousand Palms. The population was 16,999 at the 2020 census, down from 17,218 at the 2010 census, though the seasonal population can exceed 20,000. Incorporated in 1973, Rancho Mirage is one of the nine cities of the Coachella Valley.

The city has been nicknamed "Playground of the Presidents" and "Golf Capital of the World". The city has hosted and currently hosts a variety of golf and tennis tournaments, including the Ryder Cup, Desert Classic (PGA Tour), Davis Cup, and the LPGA Tour (Chevron Championship).
We're All for the Hall
We're All for the Hall is an annual event that Keith Urban and Vince Gill put on in Nashville, TN.  It is a country music concert series that brings in millions of dollars for the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum.

Bridgestone Arena
Bridgestone Arena (originally Nashville Arena, and formerly Gaylord Entertainment Center and Sommet Center) is a multi-purpose indoor arena in downtown Nashville, Tennessee, United States. Completed in 1996, it is the home of the Nashville Predators of the National Hockey League.
The Master Thief
"The Master Thief" is a Norwegian fairy tale collected by Peter Chr. Asbjørnsen and Jørgen Moe. The Brothers Grimm included a shorter variant as tale 192 in their fairy tales. Andrew Lang included it in The Red Fairy Book. George Webbe Dasent included a translation of the tale in Popular Tales From the Norse.

It is Aarne–Thompson type 1525A, Tasks for a Thief.

Peter Christen Asbjørnsen
Peter Christen Asbjørnsen (15 January 1812 – 5 January 1885) was a Norwegian writer and scholar. He and Jørgen Engebretsen Moe were collectors of Norwegian folklore. They were so closely united in their lives' work that their folk tale collections are commonly mentioned only as "Asbjørnsen and Moe".
2008 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group II – Pool B
Group B of the 2008 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group II was one of two pools in the Europe/Africa Zone Group II of the 2008 Fed Cup. Three teams competed in a round robin competition, with the top team and the bottom two teams proceeding to their respective sections of the play-offs: the top teams played for advancement to Group I, while the bottom team faced potential relegation to Group III.

2008 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group II – play-offs
The play-offs of the 2008 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group II were the final stages of the Group II Zonal Competition involving teams from Europe and Africa. Using the positions determined in their pools, the seven teams faced off to determine their placing in the 2008 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group II. The top two teams advanced to Group I, and the bottom two teams were relegated down to the Group III for the next year.