hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mean line segment length
In geometry, the mean line segment length is the average length of a line segment connecting two points chosen uniformly at random in a given shape. In other words, it is the expected Euclidean distance between two random points, where each point in the shape is equally likely to be chosen.

Even for simple shapes such as a square or a triangle, solving for the exact value of their mean line segment lengths can be difficult because their closed-form expressions can get quite complicated. As an example, consider the following question:

What is the average distance between two randomly chosen points inside a square with side length 1?

While the question may seem simple, it has a fairly complicated answer; the exact value for this is .

Ball (mathematics)
In mathematics, a ball is the solid figure bounded by a sphere; it is also called a solid sphere. It may be a closed ball (including the boundary points that constitute the sphere) or an open ball (excluding them).

These concepts are defined not only in three-dimensional Euclidean space but also for lower and higher dimensions, and for metric spaces in general. A ball in n dimensions is called a hyperball or n-ball and is bounded by a hypersphere or (n−1)-sphere. Thus, for example, a ball in the Euclidean plane is the same thing as a disk, the planar region bounded by a circle. In Euclidean 3-space, a ball is taken to be the region of space bounded by a 2-dimensional sphere. In a one-dimensional space, a ball is a line segment.

In other contexts, such as in Euclidean geometry and informal use, sphere is sometimes used to mean ball. In the field of topology the closed -dimensional ball is often denoted as  or  while the open -dimensional ball is  or .
111/112 Avenue
Mayfield Road, 111 Avenue (Norwood Boulevard), and 112 Avenue is a major arterial road in north Edmonton, Alberta. It serves Edmonton's Northwest Industrial District, the former Town of Jasper Place (amalgamated with Edmonton in 1964), the inner city north Downtown Edmonton, and post-World War II Edmonton. Prior to the opening of Yellowhead Trail in the early 1980s, Highway 16 followed Mayfield Road and 111 Avenue between Stony Plain Road and 109 Street.

Alberta Highway 16
Alberta Provincial Highway No. 16, commonly referred to as Highway 16, is a major east–west highway in central Alberta, Canada, connecting Jasper with Lloydminster via Edmonton. It forms a portion of the Yellowhead Highway, a major interprovincial route of the Trans-Canada Highway system that stretches from Masset, British Columbia, on Graham Island, to the main Trans-Canada Highway (Highway 1) west of Portage la Prairie, Manitoba, near Winnipeg. Highway 16 spans approximately 634 kilometres (394 mi) from Alberta's border with British Columbia in the west to its border with Saskatchewan in the east. As of 2010, all but less than 96 kilometres (60 mi) of the route was divided, with a minimum of two lanes in each direction. It is designated a core route in Canada's National Highway System.
302nd Fighter Squadron (United States)
The 302d Fighter Squadron is part of the Air Force Reserve Command's 477th Fighter Group at Elmendorf Air Force Base, Alaska. It operates the Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor conducting an air superiority mission.

Sikorsky S-61R
The Sikorsky S-61R is a twin-engine helicopter used in transport or search and rescue roles. A developed version of the S-61 (the SH-3 Sea King), the S-61R was also built under license by Agusta as the AS-61R. The S-61R served in the United States Air Force as the CH-3C/E Sea King and the HH-3E Jolly Green Giant, and with the United States Coast Guard as the HH-3F, nicknamed "Pelican".
This article covers several different variants of this type in different roles, one major difference of the S-61R compared to the S-61 was a rear ramp.

The S-61R is recognized for its Search and Rescue and cargo hauling abilities.
National Agency on Corruption Prevention
The National Agency on Corruption Prevention (Ukrainian: Національне агентство з питань запобігання корупції, romanized: Natsionaľne ahenstvo z pytań zapobihanńia koruptsiji, abbr. НАЗК, NACP) is a national anti-corruption agency of the Ukrainian government which is responsible for shaping and implementing anti-corruption policy, while creating an environment conducive to corruption prevention. It has been functioning since 2016.

High Anti-Corruption Court of Ukraine
The High Anti-Corruption Court of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Вищий антикорупційний суд України, romanized: Vyshchyi antykoruptsiinyi sud Ukrainy [ˈwɪʃtʃɪj ɐntɪkorʊpˈts⁽ʲ⁾ijnɪj ˈsud ʊkrɐˈjinɪ]; abbr. ВАКС України, HACC of Ukraine) is a Ukrainian court established on 11 April 2019. The court handed down its first sentence on 30 October 2019. Cases concerning corruption in Ukraine are to be brought directly to this court. The jurisdiction of the court covers crimes that caused damage of an equivalent of at least 31 thousand USD. Appeals are considered by a completely separate Appeal Chamber of the High Anti-Corruption Court.
Actual innocence
Actual innocence is a special standard of review in legal cases to prove that a charged defendant did not commit the crimes that they were accused of, which is often applied by appellate courts to prevent a miscarriage of justice.

Mens rea
In criminal law, mens rea (/ˈmɛnz ˈreɪə/; Law Latin for "guilty mind") is the mental state of a defendant who is accused of committing a crime. In common law jurisdictions, most crimes require proof both of mens rea and actus reus ("guilty act") before the defendant can be found guilty.
Small satellite
A small satellite, miniaturized satellite, or smallsat is a satellite of low mass and size, usually under 1,200 kg (2,600 lb). While all such satellites can be referred to as "small", different classifications are used to categorize them based on mass. Satellites can be built small to reduce the large economic cost of launch vehicles and the costs associated with construction.  Miniature satellites, especially in large numbers, may be more useful than fewer, larger ones for some purposes – for example, gathering of scientific data and radio relay.  Technical challenges in the construction of small satellites may include the lack of sufficient power storage or of room for a propulsion system.

Fractionated spacecraft
A fractionated spacecraft is a satellite architecture where the functional capabilities of a conventional monolithic spacecraft are distributed across multiple modules which interact through wireless links. Unlike other aggregations of spacecraft, such as constellations and clusters, the modules of a fractionated spacecraft are largely heterogeneous and perform distinct functions corresponding, for instance, to the various subsystem elements of a traditional satellite.
Bernard Gersten
Bernard Gersten (January 30, 1923 – April 27, 2020) was an American theatrical producer. Beginning in the 1960s through the early 2000s, Gersten played a major role in shaping American drama and musical theatre.

From 1960 to 1978, Gersten worked with Joseph Papp as associate producer at the New York Shakespeare Festival. After leaving the NYSF, he served as executive producer of Lincoln Center Theater from 1985 until he retired in 2013, where (with Gregory Mosher, then with Andre Bishop) he oversaw over 150 productions.

In addition to receiving the Antoinette Perry Award (The "Tony Award") for Lifetime Achievement in 2013, Gersten was the recipient of fifteen Tony Awards for his productions.

He died from pancreatic cancer on April 27, 2020, at the age of 97.

Maurice Evans (actor)
Maurice Herbert Evans (3 June 1901 – 12 March 1989) was an English actor, noted for his interpretations of Shakespearean characters. His best-known screen roles include Dr. Zaius in the 1968 film Planet of the Apes and Maurice on Bewitched.
Strzęboszów
Strzęboszów [stʂɛmˈbɔʂuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ruda Maleniecka, within Końskie County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) east of Ruda Maleniecka, 12 km (7 mi) south-west of Końskie, and 39 km (24 mi) north-west of the regional capital Kielce.

Ruda Maleniecka
Ruda Maleniecka [ˈruda malɛˈɲɛt͡ska] is a village in Końskie County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Ruda Maleniecka. It lies approximately 15 km (9 mi) south-west of Końskie and 41 km (25 mi) north-west of the regional capital Kielce.
Fred Rouhling
Fred Rouhling (born 24 January 1970) is a French rock climber and boulderer, noted for creating and repeating some of the earliest grade 9a (5.14d) sport climbing routes in the world, including Hugh in 1993, the first-ever French 9a (5.14d) sport route.  Rouhling is also known for the controversy from his proposed grading of 9b (5.15b) for his 1995 route Akira, which would have made it the world's first-ever 9b-graded sport route; 25 years later, it was graded at 9a (5.14d).

Vilhonneur
Vilhonneur (French pronunciation: [vilɔnœʁ]; Occitan: Vilonor) is a former commune in the Charente department in southwestern France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Moulins-sur-Tardoire.
Octreotide
Octreotide, sold under the brand name Sandostatin among others, is an octapeptide that mimics natural somatostatin pharmacologically, though it is a more potent inhibitor of growth hormone, glucagon, and insulin than the natural hormone. It was first synthesized in 1979 and binds predominantly to the somatostatin receptors SSTR2 and SSTR5.

It was approved for use in the United States in 1988. Octreotide was approved for medical use in the European Union in 2022. As of June 2020, octreotide is the first oral somatostatin analog (SSA) approved by the FDA. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

Bromocriptine
Bromocriptine, sold under the brand name Parlodel among others, is an ergoline derivative and dopamine agonist that is used in the treatment of pituitary tumors, Parkinson's disease, hyperprolactinaemia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and, as an adjunct, type 2 diabetes.

It was patented in 1968 and approved for medical use in 1975.
Cumberland Castors
The Cumberland Castors are a Canadian Junior ice hockey team playing out of Cumberland, Ontario, Canada.  They are part of the National Capital Junior Hockey League.

The Castors operated from 1987-2017 as the Rockland Nationals in Rockland, Ontario.

Rockland, Ontario
Rockland is a bilingual community located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of downtown Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, part of the city of Clarence-Rockland. Rockland has a population of 13,625 (2021), making up roughly half the population of the municipality. It is home to a large part of the francophone community in Eastern Ontario along with the towns situated to the east and the Ottawa suburb of Orleans to the west.

It was a separate town until January 1, 1998, when it amalgamated with Clarence Township to form the City of Clarence-Rockland.
2003 Premier League speedway season
The 2003 Premier League speedway season was the second division of speedway in the United Kingdom and governed by the Speedway Control Board (SCB), in conjunction with the British Speedway Promoters' Association (BSPA).

British Speedway Promoters' Association
The British Speedway Promoters Limited (BSPL) organises the domestic motorcycle speedway competitions in the United Kingdom. They are also responsible for the promotion and running of the FIM meetings staged in Britain. Wimbledon controller Ronnie Green was the first chairman of the organization.

Each club has a promoter in the association, although promotions under three years of membership do not have a vote. A Management Committee is elected at the Annual General Meeting, and this committee is responsible for the day-to-day running of British speedway.

All the promoters meet periodically to discuss matters of importance, usually rule changes.
Ligier JS7
The Ligier JS7 was a Formula One racing car manufactured by Ligier. As with the preceding JS5, the letters "JS" were in tribute to Guy Ligier's friend Jo Schlesser who was killed in the 1968 French Grand Prix.

Ligier JS5
The Ligier JS5 was the first Formula One car built by Ligier. Designed by Gérard Ducarouge, it competed in the 1976 Formula One season, scoring 20 points and finishing sixth overall in the Constructor's Championship. The car also gave driver Jacques Laffite and Ligier their first ever pole position at the 1976 Italian Grand Prix at Monza.
Stefan Frei
Stefan Frei (born 20 April 1986) is a Swiss professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Major League Soccer club Seattle Sounders FC. Born in Switzerland, Frei moved with his family to the United States as a teenager. He has spent his entire professional career playing in Major League Soccer.

2022 CONCACAF Champions League
The 2022 CONCACAF Champions League (officially the 2022 Scotiabank CONCACAF Champions League for sponsorship reasons) was the 14th edition of the CONCACAF Champions Cup under its former name, and overall the 57th edition of the premier football club competition organized by CONCACAF, the regional governing body of North America, Central America, and the Caribbean.

Monterrey was the title holder but did not qualify for this tournament and was unable to defend its title. American team Seattle Sounders FC won its first CONCACAF Champions League title, defeating Mexican club UNAM 5–2 on aggregate in the final. The Sounders thus became the first team from Major League Soccer to win the title under its current format. It was the first time since the 2005 CONCACAF Champions' Cup, that a non-Mexican team won the Champions' Cup or Champions League, and the first time since 2000 that an American team won the Champions' Cup or League.
Ahmed Shehzad
Ahmed Shehzad  (born 23 November 1991) is a former Pakistani international cricketer.

He is an opening batsman who made his One Day International and Twenty20 International debut for Pakistan in April 2009 against Australia. He was a member of the Pakistan team that won the 2009 ICC World Twenty20. In  the 2014 T20 World Cup, he became the first Pakistani to score a century in a T20 world cup, with his 111 against Bangladesh.

Pakistan Super League
The Pakistan Super League (PSL), also known as HBL PSL for sponsorship reasons, is a professional Twenty20 cricket league in Pakistan, organised by the Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB).

Founded by the PCB in 2015, the league currently features (since 2018 PSL) six city-based franchise teams. Instead of operating as an association of independently owned teams, the league is a single entity in which each franchise is owned and controlled by the investors.

Each team plays the group-stage matches in a double round-robin format and the top four teams with the most points qualify for the playoffs, culminating in the final.

As of 2025, there have been ten seasons of the league. Islamabad United and Lahore Qalandars are the most successful teams, both winning three titles each.
Tastes Like Gold
Tastes Like Gold is the seventh studio album by the American rock band Lit. It is the band's first album with drummer Taylor Carroll. Tastes Like Gold showcases the band returning to their alternative rock sound after a brief venture into country rock on their previous album These Are the Days.

These Are the Days (Lit album)
These Are the Days is the sixth studio album by the American rock band Lit. It was released on December 15, 2017. In a musical departure from their previous records, this album showcases the band blending their traditional alternative rock sound with country rock. It is their only album that does not feature an official drummer and is their last album with guitarist Ryan Gillmor as he departed the band following the recording sessions.
Belmonte del Sannio
Belmonte del Sannio is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Isernia in the Italian region Molise, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northwest of Campobasso and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northeast of Isernia.

Belmonte del Sannio borders the following municipalities: Agnone, Castiglione Messer Marino, Schiavi di Abruzzo.

Agnone
Agnone (Neapolitan: Agnèune) is a comune in the province of Isernia, in the Molise region of southern Italy, some 53 km (33 mi) northwest of Campobasso. Agnone is known for the manufacture of bells by the Marinelli Bell Foundry. The town of Agnone proper is complemented by other populated centres like Fontesambuco, Villa Canale and Rigaini.
2008–09 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team
The 2008–09 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team represented Georgetown University in the 2008–2009 NCAA Division I basketball season. The Hoyas were coached by John Thompson III and played their home games at the Verizon Center in Washington, DC. The Hoyas were members of the original Big East Conference. They finished the season 16–15, 7–11 in Big East play. They lost to St. John's in the first round of the 2009 Big East men's basketball tournament. They received an at–large bid to the 2009 National Invitation Tournament, earning a 6 seed in one of the NIT's regions, and lost to Baylor in the first round.

2004–05 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team
The 2004–05 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team represented Georgetown University in the 2004–05 NCAA Division I college basketball season. The Hoyas were coached by John Thompson III – his first year at Georgetown – and played their home games at the MCI Center in Washington, DC. The Hoyas were members of the Big East Conference. They finished the season 19–13, 8–8 in Big East play. They advanced to the quarterfinals of the 2005 Big East men's basketball tournament before losing to Connecticut  They played in the 2005 National Invitation Tournament and advanced to the quarterfinals before losing to South Carolina.
Minimal-access cranial suspension
Minimal-access cranial suspension is a form of facial surgery or rhytidectomy used to reduce wrinkles and lift sagging facial tissue and originally developed in Belgium. Facial tissues are accessed via an incision before the ear. Sutures are then used to lift the underlying tissue. These sutures are then anchored to the deep temporal fascia with purse-string sutures.

Plastic surgery
Plastic surgery is a surgical specialty involving restoration, reconstruction, or alteration of the human body. It can be divided into two main categories: reconstructive surgery and cosmetic surgery. Reconstructive surgery covers a wide range of specialties, including craniofacial surgery, oral and maxillofacial surgery, hand surgery, microsurgery, and the treatment of burns. This kind of surgery focuses on restoring a body part or improving its function. In contrast, cosmetic (or aesthetic) surgery focuses solely on improving the physical appearance of the body. A comprehensive definition of plastic surgery has never been established, because it has no distinct anatomical object and thus overlaps with practically all other surgical specialties. An essential feature of plastic surgery is that it involves the treatment of conditions that require or may require tissue relocation skills.
2008 LSU Tigers baseball team
The 2008 LSU Tigers baseball team represented Louisiana State University in the NCAA Division I baseball season of 2008.  This was the final year for the team in the original Alex Box Stadium.  A new stadium was built during the season and opened on opening day of the 2009 season.

The team was coached by Paul Mainieri who was in his second season at LSU.  In his first year at LSU, Mainieri's team posted a 29–26–1 record and failed to make the SEC tournament or the NCAA tournament.

In a dramatic turnaround, Mainieri led the Tigers to an unexpected appearance in the 2008 College World Series.

Alex Box Stadium
Alex Box Stadium, pronounced Alec Box Stadium, was a baseball stadium in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States. It was the home field of the LSU Tigers baseball team. The stadium was located across the street from Tiger Stadium, which is visible in right field.  It was most notable for The Intimidator, a large billboard behind the right-field fence featuring the six years in which LSU won the College World Series.
Miss France 2008
Miss France 2008 was the 78th edition of the Miss France pageant, held in Dunkirk, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, on December 8, 2007.

The ceremony was held at TF1, and was presented by Jean-Pierre Foucault and the Miss France Committee President Geneviève de Fontenay.

Valérie Bègue of Réunion  was crowned Miss France 2008 by the outgoing title-holder Rachel Legrain-Trapani of Picardy, Miss France 2007. Bègue was originally supposed to represent France at Miss World 2008 and Miss Universe 2008, but she was replaced by 2nd Runner-Up, Laura Tanguy of Pays de Loire after suggestive photos of Bègue were released to the public and Bègue refused to resign. A compromise was reached that allowed her to keep the title of Miss France 2008 but she was barred from crowning her successor the following year and was stripped of her right to represent France at any international beauty pageant.

Miss Asia Pacific World
Miss Asia Pacific World is an annual beauty pageant held in South Korea. It has been subject to a number of controversies over rankings, bribes, and breast augmentation surgeries. In the 2014 Miss Asia Pacific World competition, May Myat Noe of Myanmar crowned on 31 May 2014, but dethroned three months later. This prompted the organization to conduct a new pageant in the following months. The title was won by Swetha Raj from India. In 2015, the pageant was renamed Miss Supertalent of the World.
Virginia Karns
Virginia Karns (May 30, 1907 – June 21, 1990) was a singer and character actress at the Hal Roach Studios in the early 1930s. Fans probably remember her best from the opening scene of the Laurel and Hardy musical comedy Babes in Toyland (1934), in which she portrayed Mother Goose.

She also appeared in films with Thelma Todd, Patsy Kelly, Billy Gilbert, and Charley Chase while working for Hal Roach. Blessed with a beautiful singing voice, she was an accomplished voice-over artist during this period.

Karns married R. William Patterson and hosted a local variety television show in Dayton, Ohio.

Thelma Todd
Thelma Alice Todd (July 29, 1906 – December 16, 1935) was an American actress and businesswoman who carried the nicknames "The Ice Cream Blonde" and "Hot Toddy". Appearing in about 120 feature films and shorts between 1926 and 1935, she is remembered for her comedic roles opposite ZaSu Pitts, and in films such as the Marx Brothers' Monkey Business and Horse Feathers and a number of Charley Chase's short comedies. She co-starred with Buster Keaton and Jimmy Durante in Speak Easily. She also had roles in several Wheeler and Woolsey and Laurel and Hardy films, the last of which (The Bohemian Girl) featured her in a part that was cut short by her sudden death in 1935 at the age of 29.
Llwchwr
Llwchwr is a community and (from 2022) electoral ward in the central western part of the City and County of Swansea, Wales, UK. It lies 9 km (6 miles) west-north-west of Swansea city centre and is bounded by the communities of Gorseinon to the north, Penllergaer to the east, and Gowerton to the south, as well as by the estuary of the River Loughor to the west, on the far side of which lies Bynea in Carmarthenshire, connected to Llwchwr by road and rail bridges.

The population of Llwchwr, as recorded at the 2011 census, was 9,134.

The community is home to Garden Village FC of the Welsh Football League, Carmarthenshire League Division 2 outfit Loughor Rovers, and Loughor RFC who play in ASDA Nation League Division 1 West.

The community of Llwchwr, together with that of Gorseinon, is twinned with Ploërmel in France.

Penllergaer
Penllergaer (Welsh: Penlle'r-gaer) is a village and community in the City and County of Swansea, Wales. It lies to the east of Gorseinon, within the electoral ward of the same name. It is situated about 4.5 miles north west of Swansea city centre, near junction 47 of the M4 motorway. The population of the community and ward was 2,868 in 2011.