hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Zinc L-carnosine
Zinc L-carnosine (abbreviated as ZnC) (beta-alanyl-L-histidinato zinc) (N-(3-aminopropionyl)-L-histidinato zinc), often simply called zinc carnosine, and also known as polaprezinc, is a mucosal protective chelate compound of zinc and L-carnosine invented by Hamari Chemicals, Ltd. It is a quadridentate 1:1 complex of a polymeric nature. Although it contains 23% zinc and 77% L-carnosine by mass, zinc carnosine is a molecule and not a mixture of zinc and L-carnosine.

It is an approved drug requiring a medical prescription in Japan and South Korea where it is clinically used to treat gastric ulcers. Clinical studies have also shown its efficacy for oral mucositis, esophagitis, proctitis, taste alteration and dermatitis during and after radiotherapy. In the United States, zinc carnosine is regulated as a New Dietary Ingredient, where notification with the US-FDA is required. In Australia, it is regulated as a complementary medicine. In Canada, it is regulated as a Natural Health Product.

Carnosine
Carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) is a dipeptide molecule, made up of the amino acids beta-alanine and histidine. It is highly concentrated in muscle and brain tissues. Carnosine was discovered by Russian chemist Vladimir Gulevich.

Carnosine is naturally produced by the body in the liver from beta-alanine and histidine. Like carnitine, carnosine is composed of the root word carn, meaning "flesh", alluding to its prevalence in meat. There are no plant-based sources of carnosine. Carnosine is readily available as a synthetic nutritional supplement.

Carnosine can chelate divalent metal ions. Carnosine is also considered a geroprotectant.

Products containing carnosine are also used in topical preparations to reduce wrinkles on the skin.

Carnosine may increase the Hayflick limit in human fibroblasts, it also appears to reduce the rate of telomere shortening. This could potentially promote the growth of certain cancers that thrive due to telomere preservation.
Sedudo Waterfall
Sedudo waterfall is situated in the Ngliman village, Sawahan district, within Nganjuk Regency, East Java, Indonesia. The waterfall is located some 30 km south of the district’s capital, Nganjuk, and lies at an altitude of 1,438 metres above sea level, with  a drop of approximately 105 metres. Sedudo is close to the base of Mount Wilis, a volcanic massif with no recorded history of eruptions.

Mount Wilis
Mount Wilis is a dormant solitary stratovolcano surrounded by low-elevation plains. It is located in East Java, Java island, Indonesia. Like most volcanoes along the Java trench, Mount Wilis is the result of subduction as the Indo-Australian plate subducts under the Sunda plate at around 6.7 cm/yr.
HD 66428 b
HD 66428 b is a long-period jovian exoplanet located approximately 174 light-years away in the constellation of Monoceros. It has a minimum mass of 2.82 MJ and takes 1973 days or 5.402 years to orbit around its solar-type star HD 66428. The average distance is 3.18 AU, about half the distance between Mars and Jupiter. This planet is a so-called eccentric Jupiter with an orbital eccentricity of 0.465. At periastron, the distance is 1.70 AU and at apastron, the distance is 4.66 AU. In 2022, the inclination and true mass of HD 66428 b were measured via astrometry.

Monoceros
Monoceros (Greek: Μονόκερως, "unicorn") is a faint constellation on the celestial equator. Its definition is attributed to the 17th-century cartographer Petrus Plancius. It is bordered by Orion to the west, Gemini to the north, Canis Major to the south, and Hydra to the east. Other bordering constellations include Canis Minor, Lepus, and Puppis.
2002 Maryland gubernatorial election
The 2002 Maryland gubernatorial election was held on November 5, 2002. Democratic Governor Parris Glendening was term-limited and could not seek a third term. Republican Bob Ehrlich defeated Democrat Kathleen Kennedy Townsend, making him the first Republican governor of Maryland since Spiro Agnew, who served from 1967 to 1969. As of 2025, this is the last time Charles County voted Republican in a statewide election.

This election marked the first time since the 1934 gubernatorial election that a Republican won Maryland without Baltimore City or Montgomery County.

1934 Maryland gubernatorial election
The 1934 Maryland gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1934. Republican nominee Harry Nice defeated Democratic incumbent Albert Ritchie with 49.52% of the vote in a rematch of the 1919 election.
Kleber Mendonça Filho
Kleber de Mendonça Vasconcellos Filho (/mɛnˈdoʊnsə fiːljoʊ/ men-DOHN-sə FEE-lyoh; Portuguese: [ˈklɛbeʁ mẽˈdõsɐ ˈfiʎu]; born 22 November 1968) is a Brazilian film director, screenwriter and producer. Beginning his career as a movie critic, he transitioned to filmmaking in 2002, initially directing short films and documentaries. In 2012, his narrative feature debut Neighboring Sounds (2012) was included by The New York Times in its best-of-the-year list.

His following films, Aquarius (2016) and Bacurau (2019), were nominated for the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival, while the latter won the Jury Prize in Cannes. For The Secret Agent (2025), Mendonça Filho won Best Director at the Cannes Film Festival, and Best Non-English Language Film at the 83rd Golden Globes Awards, while the film was also nominated for Best Picture and Best International Film at the 98th Academy Awards.

2016 Cannes Film Festival
The 69th Cannes Film Festival took place from 11 to 22 May 2016. Australian filmmaker George Miller was the president of the jury for the main competition. British filmmaker Ken Loach won the Palme d'Or, the festival's top prize, for a second time with the drama film I, Daniel Blake. At a press conference, Loach said that he was "quietly stunned" to win.

The official poster pays homage to Jean-Luc Godard's Contempt (1963), featuring a still of Michel Piccoli ascending the Casa Malaparte. French actor Laurent Lafitte was the host for the opening and closing ceremonies.

The festival opened with Café Society by Woody Allen.
Small format
Small format is the group of film formats that are 35 mm or smaller.

Film gauges referred to as small format include:

35 mm format (Full Frame; FX)

24 mm format (DX)
Advanced Photo System (APS)

35 mm film / 135 film / full frame

16 mm film

8 mm film

1-inch digital (CX)

Film gauge
Film gauge is a physical property of photographic or motion picture film stock which defines its width. Traditionally, the major movie film gauges are 8 mm, 16 mm, 35 mm, and 65/70 mm (in this case 65 mm for the negative and 70 mm for the release print; the extra five millimeters are reserved for the magnetic soundtrack). There have been other historic gauges in the past, especially in the silent era, most notably 9.5 mm film, as well as a panoply of others ranging from 3 mm to 75 mm.

Larger film gauge is generally associated with higher image quality, higher image detail, greater materials expense, heavier camera equipment, larger and most costly projection equipment, as well as greater bulk and weight for distribution and storage (both interim and archival).
Information dimension
In information theory, information dimension is an information measure for random vectors in Euclidean space, based on the normalized entropy of finely quantized versions of the random vectors. This concept was first introduced by Alfréd Rényi in 1959.

Simply speaking, it is a measure of the fractal dimension of a probability distribution. It characterizes the growth rate of the Shannon entropy given by successively finer discretizations of the space.

In 2010, Wu and Verdú gave an operational characterization of Rényi information dimension as the fundamental limit of almost lossless data compression for analog sources under various regularity constraints of the encoder/decoder.

Differential entropy
Differential entropy (also referred to as continuous entropy) is a concept in information theory that began as an attempt by Claude Shannon to extend the idea of (Shannon) entropy (a measure of average surprisal) of a random variable, to continuous probability distributions. Unfortunately, Shannon did not derive this formula, and rather just assumed it was the correct continuous analogue of discrete entropy, but it is not.: 181–218  The actual continuous version of discrete entropy is the  limiting density of discrete points (LDDP). Differential entropy (described here) is commonly encountered in the literature, but it is a limiting case of the LDDP, and one that loses its fundamental association with discrete entropy.

In terms of measure theory, the differential entropy of a probability measure is the negative relative entropy from that measure to the Lebesgue measure, where the latter is treated as if it were a probability measure, despite being unnormalized.
Max Emden
Emden primarily collected 19th century of Old Masters as well as French and German painters such as Canaletto, Böcklin, Feuerbach, Liebermann, Courbet, Degas, Gauguin, van Gogh and Monet. Some of Emden's properties, including valuable paintings (most notably from, have been the object of Nazi-era restitution claims. How his legacy has been handled has sparked a debate in Germany about the erasure of information concerning the Nazi era and inspired films about his life.

Bernardo Bellotto
Bernardo Bellotto  (c. 1721/1722 or 30 January 1721 – 17 November 1780), was an Italian urban landscape painter or vedutista, and printmaker in etching famous for his vedute of European cities – Dresden, Vienna, Turin, and Warsaw. He was the student and nephew of the renowned Giovanni Antonio Canal, known as Canaletto, and sometimes used the latter's illustrious name, signing himself as Bernardo Canaletto. In Germany and Poland, Bellotto called himself by his uncle's name, Canaletto. This caused some confusion, however Bellotto's work is more sombre in color than Canaletto's and his depiction of clouds and shadows brings him closer to Dutch painting.

Bellotto's style was characterized by elaborate representation of architectural and natural vistas, and by the specific quality of each place's lighting. It is plausible that Bellotto, and other Venetian masters of vedute, may have used the camera obscura in order to achieve superior precision of urban views.
Scheuren (Schleiden)
Scheuren is a village in the west of Schleiden borough in the county of Euskirchen in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. In the village there is a community centre and a Roman Catholic chapel. The Höddelbach stream flows by to the north. Scheuren lies between the hills of Lamesberg, Heuberg, Wiesenberg and Huppertsharth.

Schleiden
Schleiden (German pronunciation: [ˈʃlaɪdn̩] ⓘ) is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It lies in the Eifel hills, in the district of Euskirchen, and has 12,998 inhabitants as of 30 June 2017. Schleiden is connected by a tourist railway to Kall, on the Eifel Railway between Cologne and Trier. The town consists of 18 settlements, the largest of which are Gemünd and Schleiden proper.
Tony Cousins
Tony Cousins (born 25 August 1969) is an Irish football coach and former player. He is head coach of Shamrock Rovers U17s.

Cousins was involved in full-time football from the age of sixteen when he joined English club Chelsea, where he spent two years. Throughout his career he played for Dundalk, Liverpool, Hereford United, Middlesbrough, Bohemians, Shamrock Rovers and Bray Wanderers.

He is the first cousin of Tommy Dunne.

Waterford F.C.
Waterford Football Club formerly Waterford United Football Club is an Irish association football club based in Waterford who play in the League of Ireland Premier Division. The club was founded and elected to the league in 1930. Originally the club was based at the greyhound stadium known as Kilcohan Park, but moved to the Waterford Regional Sports Centre in the 1993–94 season. In 2018 the club and its players became fully professional.
A Game of Thrones: Genesis
A Game of Thrones: Genesis is a 2011 strategy game developed by Amusement Cyanide and published by Focus Home Interactive for Windows. The game is an adaptation of the series of fantasy novels A Song of Ice and Fire by George R. R. Martin and is the first video game adaptation of the novels. The game takes place over 1,000 years of the fictional history of Westeros, beginning with the arrival of the Rhoynar led by the warrior-queen Nymeria.

Strategy video game
A strategy video game is a video game genre that emphasizes strategic or tactical planning and decision-making, often involving the indirect control of multiple units and the management of limited resources, rather than the quick reflexes typical of action games.

Strategy video games are commonly divided into two main forms: turn-based strategy (TBS), in which players act in discrete turns, and real-time strategy (RTS), in which play proceeds continuously. Many also incorporate elements such as tactics, diplomacy, economics, or exploration.

Electronic strategy games developed in part from earlier non-digital board games and wargames, and scholars note that the definition of “strategy” in games is not entirely uniform across contexts.
Central Indian campaign of 1858
The Central India Campaign was one of the last series of actions in the Indian rebellion of 1857. The British Army and Bombay Army overcame a disunited collection of states in a single rapid campaign, although determined rebels continued a guerrilla campaign until the spring of 1859.

Tatya Tope
Tantia Tope (also spelled Tatya Tope, Marathi pronunciation: [t̪aːt̪ʲa ʈoːpe]; 16 February 1814 — 18 April 1859) was an Indian general in the Indian Rebellion of 1857 against the British East India Company.
Contarini Fleming
Contarini Fleming: A Psychological Autobiography is the fourth and most autobiographical novel written by Benjamin Disraeli, who would later become a Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. It was published anonymously in May 1832 but despite the author considering it his best novel, was a financial failure.

Vivian Grey
Vivian Grey is Benjamin Disraeli's first novel, published by Henry Colburn in 1826. Originally published anonymously, ostensibly by a so-called "man of fashion", part 1 caused a considerable sensation in London society. Contemporary reviewers, suspicious of the numerous solecisms contained within the text, eventually identified the young Disraeli (who did not move in high society) as the author. Disraeli continued the tale in a second volume, also of 1826, and three subsequent volumes in 1827. The form in which Vivian Grey is published now is the revised 1853 edition, which was severely expurgated and, according to critic Wendy Burton, lost much of the charm and freshness of the 1826 edition. The book is a frequent touchstone for discussions of Disraeli's political and literary career.
Umyeon-dong
Umyeon-dong (Korean: 우면동) is a dong (neighbourhood) of Seocho District, Seoul, South Korea is part of Gangnam District and a well-known, private neighborhood for the wealthy in southern Seoul. It is a legal dong (법정동) administered under its administrative dong (행정동), Yangjae 1-dong. The first syllable of the name is derived from Umyeonsan, or Mt. Umyeon due to the geographical feature of the area has the mountain.

Yangjae-dong
Yangjae-dong (Korean: 양재동) is a Dong (neighborhood) of Seocho District, Seoul, South Korea. Yangjae-dong is divided into 2 different dong which are Yangjae 1-dong and 2-dong.

Yangjae High School (YHS), part of Gangnam school district 8, is nearby Yangjae-dong and Torch Trinity Graduate University is located in Yangjae-dong.
Congo, New South Wales
Congo is a village in Eurobodalla Shire on the South Coast of New South Wales. Congo is located 315 km south of Sydney, and 10 km south of Moruya.

The population of Congo and the surrounding area was 245 at the 2016 census.

Congo Creek flows to the Tasman Sea at the northern end of the village. Congo's beach is noted as a good location for surfing, with a colloquial name "The Suck". Beach safe classes the hazard of the unpatrolled Congo beach as 6/10 "Moderately hazardous".

Eurobodalla Shire
Eurobodalla Shire is a local government area located in the South Coast region of New South Wales, Australia. The Shire is located in a largely mountainous coastal region and situated adjacent to the Tasman Sea, the Princes Highway and the Kings Highway.

The mayor of Eurobodalla Shire Council is Cr. Mathew Hatcher, an unaligned politician.

He is also the youngest mayor, in the modern-era, ever for the Eurobodalla. The Deputy Mayor, Cllr Alison Worthington, is the first female Deputy Mayor for the Eurobodalla.
Bok choy
Bok choy (American English, Canadian English, and Australian English), pak choi (British English, South African English, and Caribbean English) or pok choi is a type of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis) cultivated as a leaf vegetable to be used as food. Varieties do not form heads and have green leaf blades with lighter bulbous bottoms instead, forming a cluster reminiscent of mustard greens. Its flavor is described as being between spinach and water chestnuts but slightly sweeter, with a mildly peppery undertone. The green leaves have a stronger flavor than the white bulb.

Chinensis varieties are popular in southern China, East Asia, and Southeast Asia. Originally classified as Brassica chinensis by Carl Linnaeus, they are now considered a subspecies of Brassica rapa. They are a member of the family Brassicaceae.

Leaf vegetable
Leaf vegetables, also called leafy greens, vegetable greens, or simply greens, are plant leaves eaten as a vegetable. Those eaten raw in a salad can be called salad greens, whereas leaf vegetables eaten cooked can be called pot herbs.

Nearly 1,000 species of plants with edible leaves are known. Leaf vegetables most often come from short-lived herbaceous plants, such as lettuce and spinach, but also come from some woody plants. The leaves of many fodder crops (e.g. alfalfa, clover, and most grasses) are also edible by humans, but usually only as famine or processed food.

Leaf vegetables contain many typical plant nutrients, but being photosynthetic tissues, their vitamin K levels are particularly notable. Accordingly, users of vitamin K antagonist medications like warfarin must limit their consumption of leaf vegetables.
Owen, South Australia
Owen (postcode 5460) is a rural community in the heart of the Adelaide Plains. Owen is 46 metres (150 ft) above sea-level and receives a reliable 416 mm (16.4 in) of rain annually. First settled in about 1865, it is about 80 km (50 mi) north of Adelaide in South Australia and is approximately 40 minutes by road to the nearest main regional centre of Gawler. It is in the Wakefield Regional Council.

Hamley Bridge–Gladstone railway line
The Hamley Bridge–Gladstone railway line was a railway line on the South Australian Railways network. It extended from a junction at Hamley Bridge on the Roseworthy-Peterborough line (which provided connection through to Adelaide) through Balaklava and Brinkworth to Gladstone.
21st Century (Groove Coverage album)
21st Century (known as 21st Century Digital Girl on some online stores) is the third album of German Eurodance group Groove Coverage, released on July 7, 2006.  It was previously available a few days earlier than expected on the German version of iTunes. Compared to Groove Coverage's previous albums, 7 Years and 50 Days and Covergirl, this album is more pop-oriented with songs such as "21st Century Digital Girl", "What You C Is What You Get", and a rock song, titled "Rock".

Covergirl (Groove Coverage album)
Covergirl is the first album of the German Eurodance group Groove Coverage, released in 2002. It features the two singles "Moonlight Shadow" and "God Is a Girl" in both radio edit and ballad form. The radio edit of "God Is a Girl" is a hidden track at the end of the album. The album features a few ballads and dance tracks.

Both Melanie Munch and Verena Rehm provide vocals together for most songs, with the exceptions of "Lullaby for love" which is a Verena solo, and "Moonlight Shadow" which is a Mell solo with Verena providing the piano in the piano version. "Are You Ready" and "The Beat Just Goes'" are club tracks, neither of which Mell or Verena provide vocals for.

"Million Tears", while not released as a single at the time, became a sleeper hit particularly popular in Singapore, where it became associated with the outlawed Salakau secret society.  The song was eventually released as an EP in 2015.
Lusitropy
Lusitropy or lucitropy is the rate of myocardial relaxation. The increase in cytosolic calcium of cardiomyocytes via increased uptake leads to increased myocardial contractility (positive inotropic effect), but the myocardial relaxation, or lusitropy, decreases.  This should not be confused, however, with catecholamine-induced calcium uptake into the sarcoplasmic reticulum, which increases lusitropy.

Inotrope
An inotrope or inotropic is a drug or any substance that alters the force or energy of muscular contractions. Negatively inotropic agents weaken the force of muscular contractions. Positively inotropic agents increase the strength of muscular contraction.

The term inotropic state is most commonly used in reference to various drugs that affect the strength of contraction of heart muscle. However, it can also refer to pathological conditions. For example, enlarged heart muscle can increase inotropic state, whereas dead heart muscle can decrease it.
Qatar Investment Authority
The Qatar Investment Authority (QIA; Arabic: جهاز قطر للإستثمار) is Qatar's sovereign wealth fund, founded by the State of Qatar in 2005 to strengthen the country's economy by diversifying into new asset classes. In August 2025, the fund had an estimated $557 billion of assets under management.

The QIA's structure and decision-making procedures have been characterized as non-transparent. Spending decisions regarding the fund have been linked to the emir and the prime minister (regardless of whether they sit on the board of the fund).

Prime Minister of Qatar
The Prime Minister of the State of Qatar (Arabic: رئیس الوزراء القطري) is the head of government of Qatar, and technically the second most powerful official in the country after the Emir, who in practice holds all power and authority.

Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, the Emir of Qatar since the coup d'état of 1972, was the first holder of this position from its establishment in 1970. He served as prime minister until the coup of June 1995, when he was deposed by his son Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani.

In March 2023, emir Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani replaced Khalid bin Khalifa bin Abdul Aziz Al Thani with his minister of foreign affairs, current prime minister Mohammed bin Abdulrahman bin Jassim Al Thani.
Rise to Power (Kane & Abel album)
Rise to Power is the fourth studio album by Kane & Abel. It was released on September 21, 1999, via Elektra Records, and was produced by the duo. The album addresses their then-recent federal indictment for cocaine possession.

The album peaked at No. 61 on the Billboard 200. It made it to No. 11 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart, but was not as successful as the group's previous album, Am I My Brother's Keeper. As of 2004, Rise to Power had sold over 115,000 copies.

Am I My Brother's Keeper
Am I My Brothers Keeper is the third studio album by American hip-hop duo Kane & Abel. It was released on July 14, 1998, via No Limit/Priority Records, marking their second and final album for the label. Produced by Beats by the Pound, it features contributions from Master P, Fiend, Silkk the Shocker, Soulja Slim, C-Murder, Mystikal, Big Ed, Full Blooded, Mac, Magic, Mia X, Mr. Serv-On, Prime Suspects, Snoop Dogg, O'Dell, Araina, Dion Marshall and Sons of Funk.

In the United States, the album debuted at number 5 on the Billboard 200 and atop the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums charts. It was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America on August 15, 1998, for selling 500,000 copies in the US alone. An accompanying music video was released for the lead single "Time After Time".