hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
ChiWriter
ChiWriter was a scientific word processor for MS-DOS, created by Cay Horstmann and released commercially in 1986.

It was one of the first WYSIWYG word processors that could write mathematical formulas, even on IBM PC XT computers. It was easier to use than TeX. It was relatively affordable and ran on personal computers, unlike TeX, which ran on expensive Unix computers.

ChiWriter was discontinued in 1996.
Since then, Horstmann has placed the ChiWriter executable in the public domain.
The source is unpublished.

Netpbm
Netpbm (formerly Pbmplus) is an open-source package of graphics programs and a programming library. It is used primarily in Unix, where it is found in all major open-source operating system distributions, but also works on Microsoft Windows, macOS, and other operating systems.
Mean inter-particle distance
Mean inter-particle distance (or mean inter-particle separation) is the mean distance between microscopic particles (usually atoms or molecules) in a macroscopic body, typically measured in Bohr radii.

Wigner–Seitz radius
The Wigner–Seitz radius , named after Eugene Wigner and Frederick Seitz, is the radius of a sphere whose volume is equal to the mean volume per atom in a solid (for first group metals). In the more general case of metals having more valence electrons,  is the radius of a sphere whose volume is equal to the volume per a free electron. This parameter is used frequently in condensed matter physics to describe the density of a system.  is typically calculated for bulk materials.
Ruben Ayala (politician)
Rubén Samuel Ayala (March 6, 1922 – January 4, 2012) was an American politician. Ayala served as the first elected Mayor of Chino, California from 1964 to 1966, and a California State Senator for twenty-four years from 1974 to 1998.

Ontario, California
Ontario is a city in southwestern San Bernardino County, California, United States, 35 miles (56 km) east of downtown Los Angeles and 23 miles (37 km) west of downtown San Bernardino, the county seat. Located in the western part of the Inland Empire metropolitan area, it lies just east of Los Angeles County and is part of the Greater Los Angeles Area. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 175,265.

The city is home to Ontario International Airport, which is the 8th-busiest airport in the United States by cargo carried, as of 2026. Ontario handles the mass of freight traffic between the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach and the rest of the country.

It takes its name from the Ontario Model Colony development established in 1882 by the Canadian engineer George Chaffey and his brothers, William Chaffey and Charles Chaffey. They named the settlement after their home province of Ontario, Canada's most populous province.
Eichsfeld – Nordhausen – Kyffhäuserkreis
Eichsfeld – Nordhausen – Kyffhäuserkreis is an electoral constituency (German: Wahlkreis) represented in the Bundestag. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the current constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 188. It is located in northern Thuringia, comprising the districts of Nordhausen, Eichsfeld, and Kyffhäuserkreis.

Eichsfeld – Nordhausen – Kyffhäuserkreis was created for the inaugural 1990 federal election after German reunification. From 1994 to 2025, it has been represented by Manfred Grund of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). Since 2025 it is been represented by Christopher Drößler of the AfD.

Nordhausen (district)
Nordhausen is a Kreis (district) in the north of Thuringia, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from the north clockwise): Harz and Mansfeld-Südharz in Saxony-Anhalt; Kyffhäuserkreis and Eichsfeld in Thuringia; and Göttingen and Goslar in Lower Saxony.
The Kids of Catan
The Kids of Catan is a German board game designed for children using the theme from The Settlers of Catan.  Like other Catan titles, the game is created by Klaus Teuber and published by Kosmos in German and Mayfair Games in English.

Catan
Catan (/kəˈtæn, -ɑːn/), previously known as The Settlers of Catan or simply Settlers, is a multiplayer board game designed by Klaus Teuber. It was first published in 1995 in Germany by Franckh-Kosmos Verlag (Kosmos) as Die Siedler von Catan (German: [diː ˈziːdlɐ fɔn kaˈtaːn]). Players take on the roles of settlers, each attempting to build and develop holdings while trading and acquiring resources. Players gain victory points as their settlements grow and the first to reach a set number of victory points, typically 10, wins. The game and its many expansions are also published by Catan Studio, Filosofia, GP, Inc., 999 Games, Κάισσα (Káissa), and Devir. Upon its release, The Settlers of Catan became one of the first Eurogames to achieve popularity outside Europe. As of 2020, more than 32 million boxed sets in 40 languages had been sold.
Toploye
Toploye or Toploe (Russian: То́плое) is a rural locality (a selo) in Maloserdobinsky district, Penza Oblast, Russia. There is an object of cultural heritage of the Penza Oblast — the St. Michael's church. The population was 513 (2010 census).

Penza Oblast
Penza Oblast (Russian: Пензенская область, IPA: [ˈpʲenzʲɪnskəjə ˈobɫəsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Penza. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 1,266,348. It was formed in 1939 on the territory detached from neighboring Tambov Oblast.
Bobby Beggs
Robert Beggs (25 February 1911 – 7 May 1993) was an Irish Gaelic footballer who played for club sides Skerries Harps and Wolfe Tones and at inter-county level with the Dublin and Galway senior football teams.

Galway Senior Football Championship
The Galway Senior Football Championship is an annual Gaelic Athletic Association competition between the top Gaelic football clubs in Galway. The winners of the Galway Championship qualify to represent their county in the Connacht Senior Club Football Championship, the winners of which go on to the All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship. The winning team is presented with the Frank Fox Cup.

Tuam Stars are the most successful with 25 wins. St. Grellan's, Ballinasloe hold the record for most consecutive championships, winning 8 from 1922 to 1929.

2018 saw the competition take on a new format, with group stages consisting of 4 groups of 5 teams.
Wheaton, Illinois
Wheaton is a city in and the county seat of DuPage County, Illinois, United States. It is located in Milton and Winfield Townships, approximately 25 miles (40 km) west of Chicago. As of the 2020 census, Wheaton's population was 53,970, making it the 27th-most populous municipality in the state.

Illinois Route 38
Illinois Route 38 is an 88.86-mile-long (143.01 km) west–east state highway that runs across northern Illinois. It runs from U.S. Route 52 (US 52) in downtown Dixon to US 12/US 20/US 45 (Mannheim Road) in Westchester.  It runs concurrently with the Lincoln Highway between Dixon and the junction of Illinois Route 31 in Geneva where it transitions via State Street onto Roosevelt Road at the junction of Kirk Road and continues through the western suburbs to its terminus at the junction of Mannheim Road. Roosevelt Road continues on an additional 14 miles without a route designation until terminating at US 41 (Lake Shore Drive).

Illinois Route 38 travels along the former route of US 330, that existed from 1926 to 1942. It spanned from Galt to Lynwood.
Sunnycroft (Limerick, Maine)
Sunnycroft is a historic house on Locust Hill in the center of Limerick, Maine.  Built in 1921–22, it is a picturesque and rambling exposition of Colonial Revival architecture.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

Limerick, Maine
Limerick (pronounced "LIM-rick") is a town in York County, Maine, United States. It is part of the Portland-South Portland-Biddeford metropolitan area. The population was 3,188 at the 2020 census. Limerick contains part of the census-designated place of Lake Arrowhead.
Early Jurassic
The Early Jurassic Epoch (in chronostratigraphy corresponding to the Lower Jurassic Series) is the earliest of three epochs of the Jurassic Period. The Early Jurassic starts immediately after the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event, 201.3 Ma (million years ago), and ends at the start of the Middle Jurassic 174.7 ±0.8 Ma.

Certain rocks of marine origin of this age in Europe are called "Lias" and that name was used for the period, as well, in 19th-century geology. In southern Germany rocks of this age are called Black Jurassic.

Series (stratigraphy)
Series are subdivisions of rock layers based on the age of the rock  and formally defined by international conventions of the geological timescale. A series is therefore a sequence of strata defining a chronostratigraphic unit. Series are subdivisions of systems and are themselves divided into stages.

Series is a term defining a unit of rock layers formed during a certain interval of time (a chronostratigraphic unit); it is equivalent (but not synonymous) to the term geological epoch (see epoch criteria) which defines the interval of time itself, although the two words are sometimes confused in informal literature.
2025 in radio
The following is a list of events affecting radio broadcasting in 2025. Events listed include radio program debuts, finales, cancellations, station launches, closures, and format changes, as well as information about controversies and deaths of radio personalities.

Conservative talk radio
Conservative talk radio is a talk radio format in the United States and other countries devoted to expressing conservative viewpoints of issues, as opposed to progressive talk radio. The definition of conservative talk is generally broad enough that libertarian talk show hosts are also included. The format has become the dominant form of talk radio in the United States since the 1987 abolition of the fairness doctrine.

In the United States, the format has included personalities such as Rush Limbaugh, Mark Levin, Glenn Beck, Ben Shapiro, Sean Hannity, Charlie Kirk, Michael Savage, Larry Elder, Dennis Prager, Jim Quinn, Lars Larson, Joe Pags, Bill O'Reilly, Laura Ingraham, Michael Medved, Oliver North, Dan Bongino, Ken Matthews, and Jerry Doyle.
Matsuoka Museum of Art
The Matsuoka Museum of Art is a private museum located in Shirokanedai, Minato, Tokyo, founded by Japanese developer Seijiro Matsuoka in November 1975.

The museum took advantage of the COVID-19 pandemic to close for renovations, reopening on 26 January 2022 with an exhibition featuring many of the original pieces acquired by Matsuoka himself, and form the basis of the museum's collection.

Pierre-Auguste Renoir
Pierre-Auguste Renoir (/rɛnˈwɑːr/; French: [pjɛʁ oɡyst ʁənwaʁ]; 25 February 1841 – 3 December 1919) was a French artist who was a leading painter in the development of the Impressionist style. It has been said that, as a celebrator of beauty and especially feminine sensuality, "Renoir is the final representative of a tradition which runs directly from Rubens to Watteau."

He was the father of the actor Pierre Renoir (1885–1952), the filmmaker Jean Renoir (1894–1979) and the ceramic artist Claude Renoir (1901–1969). He was the grandfather of the filmmaker Claude Renoir (1913–1993), son of Pierre.
Statue of Sir John Franklin
The statue of Sir John Franklin is a Grade II listed statue by the Athenaeum Club on Waterloo Place.

John Franklin was a British Naval Officer and Arctic expleror. He fought in the battles of Copenhagen and Trafalgar. The monument names all the members of the failed Franklin's lost expedition, none of which would return. The expedition would be termed as Franklin's company as those who "forged the last link with their lives" of the Northwest Passage. Franklin and his expedition would be popular in folklore, being the inspiration for a number of poems. The statue would often serve as a site where a crowd would gather for a public telling of the story of Franklin's expedition.

The statue was designed by Matthew Noble and completed in 1866. Franklin is depicted in naval uniform. As much of the detail surrounding Franklin's expedition is unknown, it is a belief held by some that Franklin did indeed discover the Northwest Passage, a statement which is inscribed on the plinth.

John Franklin
Rear-Admiral Sir John Franklin KCH FRS FLS FRGS (16 April 1786 – 11 June 1847) was a British Royal Navy officer, explorer and colonial administrator. After serving in the Napoleonic Wars and the War of 1812, he led two expeditions into the Canadian Arctic and through the islands of the Arctic Archipelago, during the Coppermine expedition of 1819 and the Mackenzie River expedition of 1825, and served as Lieutenant-Governor of Van Diemen's Land from 1837 to 1843. During his third and final expedition, an attempt to traverse the Northwest Passage in 1845, Franklin's ships became icebound off King William Island in what is now Nunavut, where he died in June 1847. The icebound ships were abandoned ten months later, and the entire crew died from causes such as starvation, hypothermia, and scurvy.
Cold War espionage
Cold War espionage describes the intelligence gathering activities during the Cold War (1947–1991) between the Western allies (primarily the US and Western Europe) and the Eastern Bloc (primarily the Soviet Union and allied countries of the Warsaw Pact). Both relied on a wide variety of military and civilian agencies in this pursuit.

While several organizations such as the CIA and KGB became synonymous with Cold War espionage, many others played key roles in the collection and protection of the section concerning detection of spying, and analysis of a wide host of intelligence disciplines.

Konon Molody
Konon Trofimovich Molody (Russian: Ко́нон Трофи́мович Моло́дый; 17 January 1922 – 11 October 1970) was a Soviet intelligence officer, known in the West as Gordon Arnold Lonsdale. Posing as a Canadian businessman during the Cold War, he was a non-official (illegal) KGB intelligence agent and the mastermind of the Portland spy ring, which operated in Britain from 1953 until 1961.
Scopus Township, Bollinger County, Missouri
Scopus Township is one of eight townships in Bollinger County, Missouri, USA. As of the 2000 U.S. census, its population was 1,348. As of the 2010 U.S. census, the population had increased to 1,518. Scopus Township covers 62.53 square miles (162.0 km2).

Scopus Township was originally called German Township; the original name was changed due to Anti-German sentiment during World War I.

Bollinger County, Missouri
Bollinger County is a county located in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 10,567. The county seat, largest and only city, is Marble Hill. The largely rural county is supported by agriculture and construction. The county was officially organized in March 1851 from portions of Wayne, Cape Girardeau and Stoddard Counties, and named in honor of George Frederick Bollinger, an early settler.

Bollinger County is part of the Cape Girardeau, MO–IL Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county is the home of the "Missouri dinosaur" discovered at an archaeological dig near Glen Allen in 1942. Blue Pond, the deepest natural pond in Missouri, is located in the southern portion of the county.
Kalinków
Kalinków [kaˈlinkuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Aleksandrów, within Piotrków County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) north of Aleksandrów, 25 km (16 mi) south-east of Piotrków Trybunalski, and 66 km (41 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.

Aleksandrów, Piotrków County
Aleksandrów [alɛkˈsandruf] is a village in Piotrków County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Aleksandrów. It lies approximately 26 km (16 mi) south-east of Piotrków Trybunalski and 68 km (42 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.
Post-tonal music theory
Post-tonal music theory is the set of theories put forward to describe music written outside of, or 'after', the tonal system of the common practice period. It revolves around the idea of 'emancipating dissonance', that is, freeing the structure of music from the familiar harmonic patterns that are derived from natural overtones. As music becomes more complex, dissonance becomes indistinguishable from consonance.

Inversion (music)
In music theory, an inversion is a rearrangement of the top-to-bottom elements in an interval, a chord, a melody, or a group of contrapuntal lines of music. In each of these cases, "inversion" has a distinct but related meaning. The concept of inversion also plays an important role in musical set theory.
Rewilding Europe
Rewilding Europe is a non-profit organization based in Nijmegen, the Netherlands, dedicated to creating rewilded landscapes throughout Europe. The group's efforts have contributed to increasing the stock of previously endangered species such as the European bison and the Iberian lynx.

Roe deer
The roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), also known as the roe, western roe deer, or European roe, is a species of deer. The male of the species is sometimes referred to as a roebuck. The roe is a small deer, reddish and grey-brown, and well-adapted to cold environments. The species is widespread in Europe, from the Mediterranean to Scandinavia, from Scotland to the Caucasus, and east as far as northern Iran.
Vincent R. Impellitteri
Vincent Richard Impellitteri (born Vincenzo Impellitteri; February 4, 1900 – January 29, 1987) was an Italian-American politician and judge who served as the 102nd Mayor of New York City from 1950 to 1953. He was elected as a Democrat and president of the City Council in 1945 and reelected in 1949. When Mayor William O'Dwyer resigned in 1950, he became acting mayor. In the special election that year, party bosses denied him the Democratic nomination for the rest of the term but was subsequently elected mayor on a new ticket, the "Experience Party". He lost the Democratic primary when he ran for a full term in 1953 and became a judge in 1954.

New York Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of the State of New York is the superior court in the Judiciary of New York.  It is vested with unlimited civil and criminal jurisdiction, although in many counties outside New York City it acts primarily as a court of civil jurisdiction, with most criminal matters handled in county courts.

New York is the only state where supreme court is a trial court rather than a court of last resort (which in New York is the Court of Appeals). Also, although it is a trial court, the Supreme Court sits as a "single great tribunal of general state-wide jurisdiction, rather than an aggregation of separate courts sitting in the several counties or judicial districts of the state." The Supreme Court is established in each of New York's 62 counties.

A separate branch of the Supreme Court called the Appellate Division serves as the highest intermediate appellate court in New York.
2014 NCAA Division I tennis championships
The 2014 NCAA Division I Tennis Championships were the men's and women's tennis tournaments played concurrently from May 16 to May 21, 2014, in Athens, Georgia on the campus of the University of Georgia. It was the 69th edition of the NCAA Division I Men's Tennis Championship and the 33rd edition of the NCAA Division I Women's Tennis Championship. It was the ninth time the men's and women's tournaments were held at the same venue. It consisted of a men's and women's team, singles, and doubles championships.

NCAA Division I women's tennis championships
The NCAA Division I women's tennis championships are contested at an annual tournament hosted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association to determine the national champions of women's team, singles, and doubles collegiate tennis among its Division I members in the United States. It has been organized by the NCAA every year since 1982, except for 2020.

Stanford has been the most successful program across all three events (singles, doubles, and team).

The University of Georgia is the reigning team national champions, winning their third national title in 2025.

The Division I NCAA team tournament was expanded to 64 teams in 1999.
Zabara (horse)
Zabara (1949–1972) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare best known for winning the classic 1000 Guineas in 1952. She was one of the leading European two-year-olds when her three wins included the Cheveley Park Stakes. In the following year she won the Guineas the Lingfield Oaks Trial and the Coronation Stakes as well as finishing second in the Oaks Stakes. Zabara was retired to stud where she proved to be an influential broodmare. She died in 1972 at the age of twenty-three.

Epsom Downs Racecourse
Epsom Downs is a Grade 1 racecourse in a hilly area near Epsom in Surrey, England which is used for thoroughbred horse racing. The "Downs" referred to in the name are part of the North Downs.

The course has a crowd capacity of 130,000 including people watching from the Epsom Downs, an area freely open to the public. The course is best known for hosting the Derby Stakes, which has come to be widely referred to as The Derby or as the Cazoo Derby for sponsorship reasons, the United Kingdom's premier thoroughbred horse race for three-year-old colts and fillies, over a mile and a half (2400 m). It also hosts the Oaks Stakes (also widely referred to as The Oaks) for three-year-old fillies, and the Coronation Cup for horses aged four years and upwards. All three races are Group 1 races and run over the same course and distance.

The Chairman of the course since 2022 is Brian Finch.  The course is operated by the Jockey Club.  Queen Elizabeth II attended the Derby in most years of her reign.
José María Movilla
José María Movilla Cubero (born 8 February 1975) is a Spanish former professional footballer who played mainly as a central midfielder.

He played 299 La Liga matches in ten seasons, representing mainly Zaragoza and retiring at 39.

2001–02 Segunda División
The 2001–02 Segunda División season saw 22 teams participate in the second flight Spanish league. The teams that promoted to La Liga were Atlético Madrid, Racing de Santander and Recreativo de Huelva. The teams that relegated to Segunda División B were Burgos CF, Gimnàstic de Tarragona, CF Extremadura and Real Jaén.
Elva (car manufacturer)
Elva was a sports and racing car manufacturing company based in Bexhill, then Hastings and Rye, East Sussex, United Kingdom. The company was founded in 1955 by Frank G. Nichols. The name comes from the French phrase elle va ("she goes").

Hastings
Hastings (/ˈheɪstɪŋz/ ⓘ HAY-stingz) is a seaside town and borough in East Sussex on the south coast of England,
24 mi (39 km) east of Lewes and 53 mi (85 km) south east of London. The town gives its name to the Battle of Hastings, which took place 8 mi (13 km) to the north-west at Senlac Hill in 1066. It later became one of the medieval Cinque Ports. In the 19th century, it was a popular seaside resort, as the railway allowed tourists and visitors to reach the town. Hastings remains a popular seaside resort and is also a fishing port, with the UK's largest beach-based fishing fleet. The town's estimated population was 91,100 in 2021.