hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
J. G. McDonald Chocolate Company Building
The J.G. McDonald Chocolate Company Building in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States, is a 4-story commercial structure designed by John A. Headlund and completed in 1901. The original 3-story brick and stone building was expanded to four stories soon after construction, and it continued to expand as the company grew. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978, and it is now included in the Warehouse District.

Warehouse District (Salt Lake City)
The Warehouse District of Salt Lake City, Utah, is a historic district on the city's west side.  The area has been occupied by artists, and worked on by developers. A small portion of its area was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982, and the listing was greatly enlarged by a boundary increase in 2016.
Kreiken (crater)
Kreiken is a small lunar impact crater that is located near the eastern limb of the Moon. It lies to the south of the crater Kiess and the Mare Smythii. Just to the south-southwest is the smaller crater Elmer, and to the west is Dale.

Only the western part of this crater's rim survives nearly intact, the remainder forming a faint outline on the surface. There is a small crater lying across eastern rim. The interior floor is unremarkable, with no features of interest.

The crater was named by the IAU in 1973 after Dutch astronomer Egbert Adriaan Kreiken.

Dale (crater)
Dale is a small lunar impact crater located in the far eastern part of the Moon's near side, to the south of the Mare Smythii. It lies to the southeast of the larger crater Kastner and northeast of Ansgarius. The crater is located in a part of the lunar surface that is subject to libration, which can hide it from view for periods of time.

It is a relatively shallow and insignificant crater formation with a somewhat eroded outer rim. A smaller crater lies across the south-southwestern rim, creating a break into the interior. The rim is somewhat lower along the north edge than elsewhere.

The crater was named by the IAU in 1976 after British physiologist and Nobel laureate Sir Henry Hallett Dale.
Lesieniec, Łódź Voivodeship
Lesieniec [lɛˈɕɛɲɛt͡s] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dłutów, within Pabianice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) east of Dłutów, 13 km (8 mi) south-east of Pabianice, and 26 km (16 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Dłutów
Dłutów [ˈdwutuf] is a village in Pabianice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Dłutów. It lies approximately 11 km (7 mi) south of Pabianice and 26 km (16 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.
1876 United States presidential election in Alabama
The 1876 United States presidential election in Alabama took place on November 7, 1876, as part of the 1876 presidential election. State voters chose ten representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

Alabama was won by Samuel J. Tilden, the former governor of New York (D–New York), running with Thomas A. Hendricks, the governor of Indiana, with 59.98% of the popular vote, against Rutherford B. Hayes, the governor of Ohio (R-Ohio), running with Representative William A. Wheeler, with 40.02% of the vote. This was the first time since 1848 that Alabama backed the losing candidate in a presidential election with the primary opponent listed on the ballot.

1848 United States presidential election in Alabama
The 1848 United States presidential election in Alabama took place on November 7, 1848, as part of the 1848 United States presidential election. Voters chose nine representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice President.

Alabama voted for the Democratic candidate, Lewis Cass, over Whig candidate Zachary Taylor. Cass won Alabama by a narrow margin of 1.12%.
Virginia's 25th House of Delegates district
Virginia's 25th House of Delegates district elects one of 100 seats in the Virginia House of Delegates, the lower house of the state's bicameral legislature. District 25 represents part of Albemarle, Augusta and Rockingham counties. The seat is currently held by Democrat Briana Sewell

Augusta County, Virginia
Augusta County is a county in the Shenandoah Valley on the western edge of the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. The second-largest county of Virginia by total area, it completely surrounds the independent cities of Staunton and Waynesboro. Its county seat is Staunton, but most of the administrative services have offices in neighboring Verona.

The county was created in 1738 from part of Orange County and was named after Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha. It was originally a huge area, but many of its parts were carved out to form other counties and several states until the current borders were finalized in 1790.

As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 77,487. Along with Staunton and Waynesboro, it forms the Staunton–Waynesboro, VA Metropolitan Statistical Area.
PDP-8
The PDP-8 is a family of 12-bit minicomputers that was produced by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC). Launched in 1965, it was the first minicomputer to sell for under $20,000, and the $25,000 mark for a complete system would later be a defining characteristic of the minicomputer class. Over 50,000 units were sold during the model's lifetime.

Its basic design follows the pioneering LINC but has a smaller instruction set, which is an expanded version of the PDP-5 instruction set. To lower the cost of implementation, the system leaves out a number of commonly used functions which have to be written using combinations of other instructions. This leads to complex programs.

The PDP-12 is an offshoot of the PDP-8 with a processor that can run programs for the PDP-8 and LINC systems. The successor to the PDP-8 line is the PDP-11, which featured a much more complete instruction set and was not backward compatible.

Backplane
A backplane or backplane system is a group of electrical connectors in parallel with each other, so that each pin of each connector is linked to the same relative pin of all the other connectors, forming a computer bus. It is used to connect several printed circuit boards together to make up a complete computer system. Backplanes commonly use a printed circuit board, but wire-wrapped backplanes have also been used in minicomputers and high-reliability applications.

A backplane is generally differentiated from a motherboard by the lack of on-board processing and storage elements. A backplane uses plug-in cards for storage and processing.
Drepanolejeunea senticosa
Drepanolejeunea senticosa is a critically endangered species of liverwort in the family Lejeuneaceae, endemic to Cuba. The species is epiphyllous, meaning it grows on the surfaces of living leaves, and is found in subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest habitats. While male specimens have been frequently observed, the species' perianth and capsule remain undescribed.

Lejeuneaceae
Lejeuneaceae is the largest family of liverworts. Most of its members are epiphytes found in the tropics, while others can be found in temperate regions.

The main characteristics of the family are that:

The leaves are incubous.

Amphigastrium is usually present, sometimes reduced.

Leaves are divided into lobe and lobule.

Archaegonium in a perianth.

Some large genera of the family are Lejeunea, Ceratolejeunea (around 84 species,) and Cheilolejeunea (around 275 species,).
Habermehl Rock
Habermehl Rock (Bulgarian: скала Хабермел, romanized: skala Habermehl, Bulgarian pronunciation: [skɐˈla ˈhabɛrmɛlIPA]) is the rock off the north coast of Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica 37 m long in southeast–northwest direction and 18 m wide, with a surface area of 0.02 ha. The vicinity was visited by early 19th century sealers.

The feature is named after Erasmus Habermehl (c. 1538–1606), a Bohemian scientific instrument maker who created an early surveyor's theodolite; in association with other names in the area deriving from the early development or use of geodetic instruments and methods.

Livingston Island
Livingston Island (Russian name Smolensk, 62°36′S 60°30′W﻿ / ﻿62.600°S 60.500°W﻿ / -62.600; -60.500) is an Antarctic island in the Southern Ocean, part of the South Shetlands Archipelago, a group of Antarctic islands north of the Antarctic Peninsula. It was the first land discovered south of 60° south latitude in 1819, a historic event that marked the end of a centuries-long pursuit of the mythical Terra Australis Incognita and the beginning of the exploration and utilization of real Antarctica. The name Livingston, although of unknown derivation, has been well established in international usage since the early 1820s.
2015 Rugby League European Championship
The 2015 Rugby League European Championship was an international rugby league football tournament. The tournament took place between 16 October and 7 November in Wales, France, Scotland and Ireland.

Scotland were the defending champions. Four teams competed in the 2015 event; Wales, Scotland, France and Ireland. Wales won the European Championship after winning all of their games putting them on top of the table with the maximum points tally of 6.

After the tournament's last game there would be no European Championship tournament until the 2018 Championship due to the events occurring such as the 2016 Four Nations, 2017 World Cup qualifying competitions and the 2017 World Cup Finals.

2017 Rugby League World Cup qualification
The 2017 Rugby League World Cup qualifying process began on 9 May 2015 with the 2015 European Championship C. In August 2014, it was announced that seven of the eight quarter-finalists at the 2013 tournament would receive automatic qualification. Fourteen teams took part in the qualifying process to fill the remaining seven spots.
Otuekong Raphael Bassey
Otuekong Raphael Bassey was a Nigerian politician who served as the Commissioner of Housing in Akwa Ibom State. He was appointed in July 2019 by Governor Udom Emmanuel and was reappointed in July 2023 by Governor Umo Eno.

Umo Eno
Umo Bassey Eno (born 24 April 1964) is a Nigerian clergyman and politician who is the Governor of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. He was the former Commissioner for Lands and Water Resources in Akwa Ibom State, and the founder of All Nations Christian Ministry International.
2003 Copa Colsanitas
The 2003 Copa Colsanitas was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Club Campestre El Rancho in Bogotá, Colombia that was part of Tier III of the 2003 WTA Tour. It was the sixth edition of the Copa Colsanitas  and ran from 17 to 23 February 2003. Fourth-seeded and defending champion Fabiola Zuluaga won the singles title and earned $27,000 first-prize money.

2003 WTA Tour
The 2003 WTA Tour was the elite professional tennis circuit organized by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for the 2003 tennis season. The 2003 WTA Tour included the four Grand Slam tournaments, the WTA Tour Championships and the WTA Tier I, Tier II, Tier III, Tier IV and Tier V events. ITF tournaments were not part of the 2003 WTA Tour, although they award points for the WTA World Ranking.
Orr Roadside Parking Area
The Orr Roadside Parking Area is a roadside park on U.S. Route 53 in Orr, Minnesota, United States.  It was built from 1935 to 1938 as a New Deal project to provide motorists with recreational access to Pelican Lake.  It was designed by landscape architect Arthur R. Nichols and constructed by the Civilian Conservation Corps in collaboration with the Minnesota Department of Highways.  The overlook was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002 for its state-level significance in the themes of landscape architecture and politics/government.  It was nominated for exemplifying the early highway waysides built in Minnesota with federal work relief aid, and for exemplifying National Park Service rustic style and the work of Nichols.

U.S. Route 53
U.S. Route 53, or U.S. Highway 53 (U.S. 53), is a north–south U.S. highway that runs for 404 miles (650 km) from La Crosse, Wisconsin to International Falls, Minnesota.  It is the primary north–south route in northwestern Wisconsin, serving as a vital link between I-94 at Eau Claire, Wisconsin and the Twin Ports of Superior, Wisconsin, and Duluth, Minnesota.  The entire route from Eau Claire to the city limits of Superior is a four lane divided highway.  The highway's northern terminus is at the Fort Frances–International Falls International Bridge in International Falls, Minnesota, at the Canada–US border.  Its southern terminus is in La Crosse, Wisconsin, at U.S. Highway 14.
Toxidium scalenum
Toxidium scalenum is a species of beetle in the family Staphylinidae. This species is found in south-eastern Brazil (Minas Gerais).

Adults reach a length of about 1.9 mm and have a reddish-brown body and ochreous legs.

Adults have been collected from an undetermined crust/resupinate fungus.

Rove beetle
The rove beetles are a family (Staphylinidae) of beetles, primarily distinguished by their short elytra (wing covers) that typically leave more than half of their abdominal segments exposed. With over 66,000 species in thousands of genera, the group is one of the largest families in the beetle order, and one of the largest families of organisms. It is an ancient group that first appeared during the Middle Jurassic based on definitive records of fossilized rove beetles, with the Late Triassic taxon Leehermania more likely belonging to Myxophaga. They are an ecologically and morphologically diverse group of beetles, and commonly encountered in terrestrial ecosystems.

One well-known species is the devil's coach-horse beetle (Ocypus olens). For some other species, see list of British rove beetles.

The family was first described in 1802 by Pierre André Latreille.
2006–07 Cagliari Calcio season
Cagliari Calcio only just managed to stay up in Serie A, with key player David Suazo scoring 14 goals, to help clinching the survival. Finishing a point above Chievo in the relegation zone, Cagliari both dismissed and reappointed Marco Giampaolo over the course of the season, following a brief stint from Franco Colomba.

David Suazo
Óscar David Suazo Velázquez (born 5 November 1979) “La pantera” or “El Rey David” is a Honduran retired professional footballer turned coach who played as a striker. Suazo played more than 300 league games and scored over 90 league goals in Italy during a span of 12 seasons.
River Meetinghouse
The Oak Grove Chapel, also known historically as the River Meetinghouse and the Sophia D. Bailey Chapel, is a non-denominational chapel at United States Route 201 and Oak Grove Road in Vassalboro, Maine.  Built in 1786 as a Quaker meetinghouse, it was Vassalboro's first religious building.  In 1895 it was restyled in the Shingle style, with a portico and tower added, and converted to non-denomination use by the Oak Grove-Coburn School (since closed).  The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.

Vassalboro, Maine
Vassalboro (originally Vassalborough) is a town in Kennebec County, Maine, United States. The population was 4,520 at the 2020 census. Vassalboro includes the villages of Riverside, Getchell's Corner, North Vassalboro, and East Vassalboro, home to the town library and sports field. Vassalboro is included in the Augusta, Maine, micropolitan New England City and Town Area.
Jaana Savolainen
Jaana Maarit Savolainen (born 23 January 1964) is a Finnish former cross-country skier who competed from 1984 to 1993. She won a bronze medal in the 4 × 5 km relay at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary and finished 18th in the 5 km + 10 km combined pursuit event at the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville.

Savolainen also won a gold medal in the 4 × 5 km relay at the 1989 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Lahti. She also won the 10 km event at the Holmenkollen ski festival in 1986.

Holmenkollen Ski Festival
The Holmenkollen Ski Festival (Norwegian: Holmenkollen skifestival or Holmenkollrennene) is a traditional annual Nordic skiing event in Holmenkollen, Oslo, Norway. The full official name of the event is Holmenkollen FIS World Cup Nordic.
1986–87 Algerian Cup
The 1986–87 Algerian Cup was the 25th edition of the Algerian Cup. USM El Harrach defeated JS Bordj Ménaïel in the final, 1-0. JE Tizi Ouzou, the defending champions, were eliminated in the Round of 16.

1985–86 Algerian Cup
The 1985–86 Algerian Cup was the 24th edition of the Algerian Cup. JE Tizi Ouzou defeated WKF Collo 1-0 in the final on a goal in the 110th minute. MP Oran, the defending champions, were eliminated in the semifinals.
Formation (American football)
A formation in American football refers to the position players line up in before the start of a down. There are both offensive and defensive formations and many in both categories. Sometimes, formations are referred to as packages.

Down (gridiron football)
A down in gridiron football is an attempt by the offensive team to run a play to advance the ball, while the defending team simultaneously attempts to halt their advance. The down is a distinguishing characteristic of the game compared to other codes of football, but is synonymous with the 6 "tackle" rule in rugby league.

The team in possession of the football has a limited number of downs (four in American football, three in Canadian football) to advance ten yards or more towards their opponent's goal line (end zone). If they advance ten yards, they are awarded a first down, or another set of downs to advance a further ten yards. If they fail to advance that far after using all of their downs, possession of the ball is turned over to the other team. In most situations if a team reaches the final down, they will punt to their opponent, which forces them to begin their drive from further down the field; if they are in range, they might instead attempt to kick a field goal.
Irvine (Parliament of Scotland constituency)
Irvine in Ayrshire was a royal burgh that returned one commissioner to the Parliament of Scotland and to the Convention of Estates.

After the Acts of Union 1707, Irvine, Ayr, Campbeltown, Inveraray and Rothesay formed the Ayr district of burghs, returning one member between them to the House of Commons of Great Britain.

Commissioner (Scottish Parliament)
A commissioner was a legislator appointed or elected to represent a royal burgh or shire in the Parliament of Scotland and the associated Convention of the Estates. Member of Parliament (MP) and Deputy are equivalent terms in other countries.

The Scottish Parliament (also known as the Three Estates) and the Convention of the Estates were unicameral legislatures, so commissioners sat alongside prelates (the first estate) and members of the nobility (the second estate).
Shelby County, Kentucky
Shelby County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 48,065. Its county seat is Shelbyville. The county was established in 1792 and named for Isaac Shelby, the first Governor of Kentucky.
Shelby County is part of the Louisville/Jefferson County, KY–IN Metropolitan Statistical Area. Shelby County's motto is "Good Land, Good Living, Good People".

Dry county
In the United States, a dry county is a county whose local government forbids the sale of any kind of alcoholic beverages. Some prohibit off-premises sale, some prohibit on-premises sale, and some prohibit both. The vast majority of counties now permit the sale of alcohol in at least some circumstances, but some dry counties remain, mostly in the Southern United States; the largest number are in Arkansas, where 30 counties are dry.

A number of smaller jurisdictions also exist, such as cities, towns, and townships, which prohibit the sale of alcoholic beverages and are known as dry cities, dry towns, or dry townships. Dry jurisdictions can be contrasted with "wet" (in which alcohol sales are allowed and regulated) and "moist" (in which some sales of alcohol are permitted, or a dry county containing wet cities).
NGC 5054
NGC 5054 is a spiral galaxy in the constellation Virgo. The galaxy lies about 55 million light years away from Earth based on redshift-independent methods, which means, given its apparent dimensions, that NGC 5054 is approximately 85,000 light years across. Based on redshift the galaxy lies about 80 million light years away. It was discovered by William Herschel on December 31, 1785. It is included in the Herschel 400 Catalogue. It lies about 6 degrees southwest of Spica and near the star 53 Virginis.

Virgo (constellation)
Virgo is one of the constellations of the zodiac. The name means "maiden" in Latin and its traditional astrological symbol is . Between Leo to the west and Libra to the east, lying in the south, it is the second-largest constellation in the sky (after Hydra) and the largest constellation in the zodiac. The ecliptic intersects the celestial equator within this constellation and Pisces. Underlying these technical two definitions, the sun passes directly overhead of the equator, within this constellation, at the September equinox. Virgo can be easily found through its brightest star, Spica, (in Latin "grain headed").
Odisha Day
Odisha Day, also Utkal Dibasa, is celebrated on 1 April in the Indian state of Odisha in memory of the formation of the state as a separate state out of Bihar and Orissa Province with addition of undivided Koraput District and Ganjam District from the Madras Presidency on 1 April 1936.
After losing its political identity completely in 1568 following the defeat and demise of the last king Mukunda Dev, efforts resulted in the formation of a politically separate state under British rule on a linguistic basis on 1 April 1936.

Orissa Province
Orissa Province was a province of British India created in April 1936 by the partitioning of the Bihar and Orissa Province and adding parts of Madras Presidency and Central Provinces. Its territory corresponds with the present-day state of Odisha.

On 22 March 1912, both Bihar and Orissa divisions were separated from the Bengal Presidency as Bihar and Orissa Province. On 1 April 1936, Bihar and Orissa Province was split to form Bihar Province and Orissa Province. Parts of the Ganjam district and the Vizagapatam district of Madras Presidency were transferred to Orissa Province along with portions of the Vizagapatam Hill Tracts Agency and Ganjam Hill Tracts Agency and Khariar region of Central Provinces and Berar.
KAOS (software development)
KAOS, is a goal-oriented software requirements capturing approach in requirements engineering. It is a specific Goal modeling method; another is i*. It allows for requirements to be calculated from goal diagrams. KAOS stands for Knowledge Acquisition in automated specification or Keep All Objectives Satisfied.

The University of Oregon and the University of Louvain (Belgium) designed the KAOS methodology in 1990 by Axel van Lamsweerde and others. It is taught worldwide at the university level  for capturing software requirements.

There is lack of evidence that KAOS is used in the industry and as of February 2023, the only tool supporting it is Objectiver, written by the same group behind the KAOS methodology, with the latest release 3.0c47 dated at March 9th, 2012.

Requirements engineering
In the waterfall model, requirements engineering is presented as the first phase of the software development process. Later development methods, including the Rational Unified Process (RUP) for software, assume that requirements engineering continues through a system's lifetime.

Requirements management, which is a sub-function of Systems Engineering practices, is also indexed in the International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE) manuals.