hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Qingshui County
Qingshui County (simplified Chinese: 清水县; traditional Chinese: 清水縣; pinyin: Qīngshuǐ Xiàn; lit. 'clearwater') is a county in Gansu province, China, bordering Shaanxi province to the east. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Tianshui. In 2014 its population was 324,300 people, of which 298,800 was rural.

The area has been inhabited since prehistoric times with over 190 archaeological sites having been uncovered. In 115 B.C. a county called Shangju (上邽) was established in current Qingshui. It is the birthplace of Zhao Chongguo (赵充国), a famous Han dynasty general. According to some historians, Genghis Khan died in what is now Qingshui.

Qingshui has some of the most fertile agricultural lands in the region. Crops that are grown include wheat, corn, artichokes, beans, as well as economic crops such as Chinese medicinal plants, flax, sunflower, hemp, vegetables, and flowers.

Tianshui
Tianshui is a prefecture-level city in Gansu province, China, and is the province's second-largest city (behind the provincial capital Lanzhou). Located in the southeast of the province, the city strides along the upper reaches of the Wei River and at the boundary of  the Loess Plateau and the Qinling Mountains. As of the 2020 census, its population was 2,984,659 inhabitants, of which 1,212,791 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of the 2 urban districts of Qinzhou and Maiji. The city and its surroundings have played an important role in the early history of China, as still visible in the form of historic sites such as the Maijishan Grottoes.
Givat Shemesh
Givat Shemesh (Hebrew: גִּבְעַת שֶׁמֶשׁ, lit. Sun Hill) is a village and drug rehabilitation centre in central Israel. Located near Beit Shemesh above kibbutz Tzora and run by the Retorno organisation, it falls under the jurisdiction of Mateh Yehuda Regional Council. In 2021 it had a population of 56.

Tzora
Tzora (Hebrew: צרעה) is a kibbutz in central Israel. Located about 20 km from Jerusalem, near the city of Beit Shemesh, it falls under the jurisdiction of Mateh Yehuda Regional Council. In 2023 it had a population of 915.
American Sign Language grammar
The grammar of American Sign Language (ASL) has rules just like any other sign language or spoken language. ASL grammar studies date back to William Stokoe in the 1960s.  This sign language consists of parameters that determine many other grammar rules. Typical word structure in ASL conforms to the SVO/OSV and topic-comment form, supplemented by a noun-adjective order and time-sequenced ordering of clauses. ASL has large CP and DP syntax systems, and also doesn't contain many conjunctions like some other languages do.

Nonmanual feature
A nonmanual feature, also sometimes called nonmanual signal or sign language expression, is any feature of a sign language aside from those produced using the hands, including body postures and facial expressions. Nonmanual features are necessary components of the grammars of sign languages, in the same way that manual features are. Nonmanual features serve many functions, including negation, grammatical mood, and some functions often served by intonation in spoken languages. Expression is one of five components of a sign, along with handshape (DEZ), orientation (ORI), location (TAB), and movement (SIG). A major component of expression is mouthing. However, not all signs have an inherent expression.
China LPGA Tour
The China LPGA Tour is a professional golf tour for women organized by the China Ladies Professional Golfers' Association.

Founded in late 2008, the China LPGA Tour hosted six professional events in 2009, eight events the following year, and 12 events in 2011. By 2015 the tour had 15 events, four co-sanctioned with the Ladies European Tour and one each with the LPGA Tour, the ALPG Tour and the LAGT.

As one of the eight major women's tours (along with LPGA, JLPGA, KLPGA, LET, ALPG, Epson Tour and LET Access Series) performances on the China LPGA Tour carry Women's World Golf Rankings points.

Ladies Asian Golf Tour
The Ladies Asian Tour is a women's professional golf tour established in 2022 and successor to the Ladies Asia Golf Circuit which ran 1983–2004 and the Ladies Asian Golf Tour which ran 2005–2021. The successive tours have been sanctioned by the Asia-Pacific Golf Confederation since its inception as an official Asian ladies' tour.
Uitvlugt
Uitvlugt (pronounced "owt-flut") is a village in the Essequibo Islands-West Demerara region of Guyana. On the coastal public road on the west bank of the Demerara River, it lies immediately to the west of Stewartville and to the south of Zeeburg, about 20 minutes by road from Vreed-en-Hoop.

The name is Dutch and translates to excuse/pretext, but in this case, it was the surname of Ignatius Uitvlugt, who owned an enormous sugar plantation. The plantation continued as a sugar estate and merged with the neighbouring Leonora estate in 1981. In 1871, the village became known for the sugar factory that is now owned by GuySuCo. The sugar factory supplied its sugar via a pipeline to the nearby rum distillery. The rum distillery closed in 1999.

As of 2012 the population was 2,980 people from a variety of ethnic backgrounds.
Unusually for the region, the village has seven churches.

Zeeburg, Guyana
Zeeburg is a village located on the West Coast of Demerara in Guyana, South America. Zeeburg  is 30.6km far from the capital of Guyana. The village, in the administrative region Essequibo Islands-West Demerara (Region 3) was named by the Dutch during their occupation of Guyana.

Zeeburg is bordered on the north by the Atlantic Ocean, to the east by DeGroot En Klyn and to the west by DeWillem. Like most West Demerara villages, Zeeburg is bordered to the south by sugar cane fields.

The majority of people residing in Zeeburg are of East Indian descent, usually called Indo-Guyanese (descendants of the Indian indentured labourers) most of whom work on the sugar plantation of Uitvlugt/Leonora Estate and the vibrant fishing port which is based at the popular Zeeburg koker.

Zeeburg is also the home of Zeeburg Secondary School which always played a critical role in the education system of Region 3 since its existence and the traditional Zeeburg market that is held every Saturday.
Cider in the United Kingdom
Cider in the United Kingdom is widely available at pubs, off licences, and shops. It has been made in regions of the country where cider apples were grown since Roman times; in those regions it is intertwined with local culture, particularly in the West Country.

The UK is the largest producer of cider in Europe and has enjoyed a renaissance in the 21st century, with a greater diversity of producers, brands and consumers than ever before.

Wassail
The tradition of wassailing (also spelled wasselling) falls into two distinct categories: the house-visiting wassail and the orchard-visiting wassail. The house-visiting wassail, which traditionally occurs on the twelfth day of Christmastide known as Twelfth Night or Epiphany Eve (5 January), is the practice of people going door-to-door, singing and offering a drink from the wassail bowl in exchange for gifts; this practice still exists, but has largely been displaced by carol singing. The orchard-visiting wassail is the custom of visiting orchards in cider-producing regions of England and singing to the trees to promote a good harvest for the coming year. Notable traditional wassailing songs include "Here We Come a-Wassailing", "Gloucestershire Wassail", and "Gower Wassail".

Wassail (/ˈwɒsəl/, /-eɪl/ WOSS-əl, -⁠ayl) is also a beverage made from hot mulled cider, ale, or wine and spices, drunk traditionally as an integral part of wassailing.
Richard N. Hackett
Richard Nathaniel Hackett (December 4, 1866 – November 22, 1923) was a United States representative in Congress from North Carolina from 1907 through 1909.

Born in Wilkesboro, Wilkes County, North Carolina on December 4, 1866, Hackett graduated from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and became a lawyer.

Hackett chaired the Wilkes County Democratic Party organization for many years, and served as mayor of Wilkesboro.  He was unsuccessful in a run for the U.S. Congress in 1896, but won a seat ten years later representing North Carolina's 8th congressional district in the 60th United States Congress (defeating incumbent Republican E. Spencer Blackburn).  In 1908, Hackett was defeated for re-election by Charles Holden Cowles, and he returned to practicing law. Hackett died in Statesville, Iredell County, NC, on November 22, 1923.

E. Spencer Blackburn
Edmond Spencer Blackburn (September 22, 1868 – March 10, 1912) was a Republican U.S. Congressman from North Carolina between 1901 and 1903 and 1905 and 1907.

Born near Boone, North Carolina, Blackburn attended common schools and became a lawyer. He was admitted to the bar in 1890 and practiced law in Jefferson, North Carolina. A clerk for the North Carolina Senate in 1894 and 1895, he was elected to the state house in 1896 and 1897, the second year serving as speaker pro tempore.

In 1898, he was named an assistant United States attorney, and two years later, was elected as a Republican to the United States House of Representatives. He ran unsuccessfully for re-election in 1902, but was elected to a second non-consecutive term in 1904 in the 59th U.S. Congress.

Declining to run again in 1906, Blackburn returned to his law practice in Greensboro, North Carolina and died in Elizabethtown in 1912; he is buried near his hometown of Boone.
Mary Melanie Holliday
Mary Melanie Holliday RSM (born Martha Ann "Mattie" Holliday; December 14, 1850 – April 19, 1939) was an American Catholic religious sister. As a member of the Sisters of Mercy, she served as Mother superior at the Convent and Academy of St. Vincent de Paul in Savannah and at the Convent of the Immaculate Conception in Atlanta. While living in the convent in Savannah, she worked as a schoolteacher in the affiliated academy. When Holliday moved to the convent in Atlanta, she worked as a nurse at St. Joseph's Infirmary.

Emory Saint Joseph's Hospital
Emory Saint Joseph's Hospital (sometimes Saint Joe or Saint Joe's) of Atlanta is an acute care hospital located in Sandy Springs, Georgia. It was a sole part of the Catholic Health East until a partnership with Emory Healthcare and Catholic Health East became effective in January 2012. Saint Joseph's (also known as SJHA) was recognized as one of the 50 finest hospitals in the country by HealthGrades for 2007.

Founded by the Sisters of Mercy in 1880, Saint Joseph's facility is Atlanta's oldest hospital.
Rick Stuart
Rick Stuart (known as Big Rick and 'Cardo Grande) is a Radio DJ in the San Francisco Bay Area. He is currently hosting Sunday afternoons at MyWineRadio.com.

Stations he has previously worked for include KVYN, KFOG (2000 - 2011), Live 105 (1986 - 2000), KNAC, The Quake, and KUSF.

Stuart grew up on the Richmond-El Cerrito border and went to High School at Salesian High School in Richmond. Stuart went on to The University of San Francisco, where his radio career began.  He now lives in Napa.

Richmond, California
Richmond is a city in western Contra Costa County, California, United States. The city was incorporated on August 3, 1905, and has a city council. Located in the San Francisco Bay Area's East Bay region, Richmond borders San Pablo, Albany, El Cerrito and Pinole in addition to the unincorporated communities of North Richmond, Hasford Heights, Kensington, El Sobrante, Bayview-Montalvin Manor, Tara Hills, and East Richmond Heights, and for a short distance San Francisco on Red Rock Island in the San Francisco Bay.

Richmond is one of two cities, the other being San Rafael, that sits on the shores of both San Francisco Bay and San Pablo Bay. Its population was 116,448 as of the 2020 United States census making it the second largest city in the United States named Richmond after Richmond, Virginia.
Downhill bike
A downhill bike (also known as a downhill mountain bike) is a full suspension bicycle designed for downhill cycling on particularly steep, technical trails.  Unlike a typical mountain bike, durability and stability are the most important design features, compared to lighter, more versatile cross-country bikes.  Downhill bikes are primarily intended for high-speed descent, and downhill riders will usually shove, or shuttle via chairlifts or motorized vehicles, to the trailhead. Downhill bikes share similarities with freeride bikes due to their large strong frames and increased travel.

Bicycle and motorcycle geometry
Bicycle and motorcycle geometry is the collection of key measurements (lengths and angles) that define a particular bike configuration. Primary among these are wheelbase, steering axis angle, fork offset, and trail. These parameters have a major influence on how a bike handles.
Leandro N. Alem Partido
Leandro N. Alem Partido is a partido in the north of Buenos Aires Province in Argentina.

The provincial subdivision has a population of about 16,000 inhabitants in an area of 1,603 km2 (619 sq mi), and its capital city is Vedia, which is 329 km (204 mi) from Buenos Aires.

Partidos of Buenos Aires
A partido is the second-level administrative subdivision used only in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. They are formally considered to be a single administrative unit, usually contain one or more population centers (i.e., towns and cities), and are divided into localidades. The subdivision in partidos in Buenos Aires Province is distinct from all other provinces of Argentina, which call their second-level subdivisions departamento and are further subdivided into distinct municipalities.
Mount Mansfield State Forest
Mount Mansfield State Forest covers 44,444 acres (179.86 km2) in seven towns in Chittenden, Lamoille and Washington counties in Vermont. The towns are Bolton and Underhill in Chittenden County, Cambridge, Johnson, Morristown and Stowe in Lamoille County, and Waterbury in Washington County. Mt. Mansfield State Forest is the largest contiguous landholding owned by the Vermont Department of Forests, Parks and Recreation.

Johnson, Vermont
Johnson is a town in Lamoille County, Vermont, United States. The population was 3,491 at the 2020 census. The town is home to Northern Vermont University-Johnson, a part the  Vermont State Colleges system. The Vermont Studio Center is located in the village of Johnson. Since 1842, the town has been the home to Johnson Woolen Mills.
Ying Wa Girls' School
Ying Wa Girls' School (Chinese: 英華女學校) is an HKCCCC secondary day school for girls in Hong Kong. The campus is located at 76 Robinson Road, in the Mid-Levels district. The enrolment currently stands at just under 1,000 students; it is one of the 22 Grant Schools in Hong Kong. Ying Wa Girls' School is a selective secondary school, and its graduates are known for their distinguished performances in public examinations. The current Principal is Tiffany Chuk, who succeeded Francis Kwan in 2025; he assumed the role from Ruth Lee in 2015.

The present campus comprises two sites, the Robinson Road Campus (Site A) stretching from Robinson Road to the junction with Bonham Road, and the newly acquired Breezy Path Campus (Site B).

Grant School (Hong Kong)
A Grant School is a special type of secondary school in Hong Kong. According to the current legislation, "Grant Schools" refer to "any secondary school which receives subsidies in accordance with the Code of Aid for Secondary Schools and which was, before 1 April 1973, in receipt of grants in accordance with the Grant Code". (Cap 279C) They were established by missionaries and churches in the nineteenth and early twentieth century, and receive grant-in-aid from the government to operate, thus named Grant Schools. Most of the Grant Schools in Hong Kong have good academic achievements.
Loïcia Demougeot
Loïcia Demougeot (born 31 January 2002) is a French ice dancer. With her skating partner, Théo le Mercier, she is a four-time Challenger Series medalist (including gold at the 2023 CS Warsaw Cup) and five-time French national medalist.

Earlier in their career, Demougeot/Le Mercier twice finished with in the top eight at the World Junior Championships (2019; 2020), were two-time silver medalists on the ISU Junior Grand Prix series, and two-tme French junior national champions (2019-20).

Master's de Patinage
The Master's de Patinage is an annual domestic French figure skating competition held in the autumn. Skaters compete in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance at the senior and junior levels.
Sukiya-zukuri
Sukiya-zukuri (数寄屋造り) is one type of Japanese residential architectural style. Suki (Ateji: 数寄 or 数奇) means refined, well cultivated taste and delight in elegant pursuits, and refers to enjoyment of the exquisitely performed tea ceremony.

The word originally meant a small structure for the Japanese tea ceremony  (known as a chashitsu) and was associated with ikebana and other Japanese traditional arts. It has come to indicate a style of designing public facilities and private homes based on tea house aesthetics.

Historically and by tradition, sukiya-zukuri is characterised by a use of natural materials, especially wood. In contemporary architecture, its formal and spatial concepts are kept alive in modern materials such as steel, glass and concrete.

Katsura Imperial Villa
The Katsura Imperial Villa or Katsura Detached Palace (桂離宮, Katsura Rikyū; Japanese pronunciation: [ka.tsɯ.ɾa ɾʲiꜜ.kʲɯː]) is an Imperial residence with associated gardens and outbuildings in the western suburbs of Kyoto, Japan. Located on the western bank of the Katsura River in Katsura, Nishikyō-ku, the Villa is 8km distant from the main Kyoto Imperial Palace. The villa and gardens are nationally recognized as an Important Cultural Property of Japan.

The grounds of the villa are regarded as a notable exemplar of traditional Japanese gardening. Tea ceremony houses within the strolling gardens and the main villa itself are all sited to maximize appreciation of varied foliage and changing seasonal vistas.

The palace originally belonged to the prince of the Hachijō-no-miya (八条宮) family. The Imperial Household Agency currently administers the site. Although the Imperial Villa itself is not open to visitors, public tours of the gardens are available by appointment.
Charley's (Big-Hearted) Aunt
Charley's (Big-Hearted) Aunt is a 1940 British comedy film directed by Walter Forde, starring Arthur Askey and Richard Murdoch. The screenplay was by J.O.C. Orton, Marriott Edgar and Ralph Smart, adapted from the 1892 Victorian farce Charley's Aunt by Brandon Thomas. Arthur Askey's professional nickname was "Big-Hearted Arthur", which was added to the title to distinguish it from Jack Benny's version Charley's Aunt (1941), for its (limited) American release.

Charley's Aunt (1941 film)
Charley's Aunt is a 1941 American historical comedy film directed by Archie Mayo. It stars Jack Benny and Kay Francis. It was the fourth American filmed version of the 1892 stage farce of the same name by Brandon Thomas. It remained one of Benny's personal favourites among his own films.
2010 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 200 metre butterfly
The men's 200 metre butterfly competition at the 2010 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 18 at the William Woollett Jr. Aquatics Center.  The last champion was Michael Phelps of US. This was the first time in 3 years (since the 2007 World Aquatics Championships) that Phelps failed to beat a championship record in a final of international competition.

This race consisted of four lengths of the pool, all lengths being in butterfly stroke.

2006 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 200 metre butterfly
The men's 200 metre butterfly competition at the 2006 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 17 at the Saanich Commonwealth Place.  The previous champion was Tom Malchow of US.

This race consisted of four lengths of the pool, all lengths being in butterfly stroke.
German Central Library for the Blind
The German Central Library for the Blind (German: Deutsches Zentrum für barrierefreies Lesen, earlier Deutsche Zentralbücherei für Blinde), abbreviated DZB, is a public library for the visually impaired located in the city of Leipzig, Saxony, Germany, in the Zentrum-Nordwest locality. Its collection of 72,300 titles is amongst the largest in the German speaking countries. The institution consists of a lending library, a publishing house, and a research center for barrier-free communication. It also has production facilities for braille books, audiobooks, and braille music. The DZB publishes about 250 new titles annually. Founded in 1894, the DZB is the oldest library for the blind in Germany.

Zentrum-Nordwest
Zentrum-Nordwest is one of the 63 localities into which Leipzig was administratively divided in 1992. It belongs to the Leipzig borough of Mitte and has the serial number 05. It consists of the Waldstraßenviertel neighbourhood in the east, the area around the Red Bull Arena and Sportforum in the west and the Rosental public park in the north.
Penicillin on Wax
Penicillin on Wax is the debut studio album by American New York-based rapper Tim Dog. It was released on November 12, 1991, via Ruffhouse Records. The album was produced by Tim Dog, Ced-Gee, TR Love and Moe Love from Ultramagnetic MC's, Bobby Crawford, and Louis Flores. Kool Keith made uncredited guest appearances on two tracks.

The album spawned three singles, the infamous underground hit "Fuck Compton" (which disses the N.W.A.), "Step to Me" and "Bronx Nigga". The album peaked at number 155 on the US Billboard 200 chart, number 34 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart, number 4 on the Heatseekers Albums chart.

Ruffhouse Records
Ruffhouse Records is an American record label founded in 1989 by Chris Schwartz and Joe Nicolo as a joint venture with Columbia Records. In 1999, Schwartz and Nicolo closed the label, and Schwartz and Kevon Glickman continued with RuffNation Records. Ruffhouse's artist roster at the time of its original closing included The Fugees, Cypress Hill, Kris Kross, Wyclef Jean, Lauryn Hill, and Leela James.

The label was relaunched on July 12, 2012, through EMI, with Beanie Sigel as the first artist to be out through its relaunch with the release of his album This Time (2012).
2017 Jordan Shield Cup
The 2017 Jordan FA Shield was the 32nd Jordan FA Shield to be played. All 12 teams of the 2017/2018 Jordan Premier League participated.

The teams were divided into three groups of four. The top team from each group advanced to the semi-finals, along with the best-performing second place team. Al-Wehdat became the champions as they beat Al-Jazeera 2–0 in the final, winning their 9th title.

2017–18 Jordanian Pro League
The 2017–2018  Jordanian Pro League (known as the Al-Manaseer Jordanian Pro League, named after Ziyad AL-Manaseer Companies Group for sponsorship reasons) was the 66th season of Jordanian Pro League since its inception in 1944.

Al-Faisaly are the defending champions of the 2016–17 season. Shabab Al-Aqaba and Al-Yarmouk entered as the two promoted teams.

On 3 May 2018, Al-Wehdat won their 16th Premier League title, after Mansheyat Bani Hasan beat Al-Faisaly 2–1 in round 21 and before the final round of the league.

Al-Faisaly's Łukasz Gikiewicz won the Golden Boot with 14 goals.