hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sari van Veenendaal
Sari van Veenendaal (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈsaːri vɑɱ ˈveːnə(n)ˌdaːl]; born 3 April 1990) is a Dutch former professional footballer. She was part of the Netherlands squad that won UEFA Women's Euro 2017.

Order of Orange-Nassau
The Order of Orange-Nassau (Dutch: Orde van Oranje-Nassau) is a civil and military Dutch order of chivalry founded on 4 April 1892 by the queen regent, Emma of the Netherlands.

The order is a chivalric order open to "everyone who has performed acts of special merits for society.” These are people who deserve appreciation and recognition from society for the special way in which they have carried out their activities.

Titles, prefixes, or post-nominals are not used in the Netherlands – the only exception being the Military Order of William.
Torreyochloa
Torreyochloa is a genus of North American and northeast Asian plants in the grass family. False mannagrass is a common name for plants in this genus.

Species

Torreyochloa erecta (Hitchc.) Church - western United States (CA NV OR)

Torreyochloa fernaldii (Hitchc.) Church - Canada (all provinces except Alberta), United States (Northeast, Great Lakes)

Torreyochloa natans (Kom.) Church - Japan, Russia (Amur, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Kuril, Primorye Sakhalin, Magadan)

Torreyochloa pallida (Torr.) Church - Japan, Russia (Kamchatka, Sakhalin), Canada (Yukon + all 10 provinces), United States (primarily Northeast, Great Lakes, western mountains, Alaska).

Torreyochloa pauciflora (J.Presl) Church - Canada (Yukon, British Columbia, Alberta), United States (AK CO ID MT OR WA WY SD AZ CA NV UT NM)

Torreyochloa erecta
Torreyochloa erecta is a species of grass in the family Poaceae known by the common name spiked false mannagrass. It is native to the Cascade Range and Sierra Nevada ranges of the western United States, its distribution extending from California north into Oregon and east into Nevada. It grows in mountain forests and the margins of lakes and streams, at elevations above 2000 meters. It is a rhizomatous perennial grass producing thick, erect stems up to about 60 centimeters in maximum height. The inflorescence is a narrow panicle much longer than wide, containing wide, compressed spikelets containing 4 to 6 florets each.
2023 West Bengal local elections violence
A violent clash erupted between various workers of political parties including TMC, BJP, Congress and CPI (M) during the poll day of panchayat elections on 8 July 2023 in West Bengal. According to reports of Aljazeera and Reuters, at least 11 were killed and dozens more injured in clashes. Partial violence across the state had started from the announcement of the dates of polling from 8 June resulting in few casualties too. With polling and elections going on, violence against many workers continued over the streets of the state. The state witnessed gun shots, assaults, rioting and arsons wide across many parts of the state. Moreover, ballot boxes had been destroyed in various parts of the state. The polling process began at 7 am in 73,887 seats in rural areas of the state, where approximately  56,700,000  people were expected to cast their votes.

Indian Secular Front
Indian Secular Front (ISF), registered as All India Secular Front, is a political party in India founded by Abbas Siddiqui in 2021. Currently allied with Left Front-led Alliance, the party is chaired by Naushad Siddiqui and has its headquarters located at Furfura Sharif in Hooghly district.
Kelana United FC (women)
Kelana United Football Club Women is a Malaysian professional women's football club based in Kelana Jaya, Selangor. They compete in the National Women's League, the top flight of women's football in Malaysia, and the FAS Women's Super League. They play their home games at the Arena MBSJ, and selected games at MPAJ Stadium and Sime Darby Training Ground.

2023 Malaysia National Women's League
The 2023 Malaysia National Women's League (Malay: Liga Wanita Nasional 2023) was the second edition of the National Women's League. It is run by Football Association of Malaysia together with the Ministry of Youth and Sports and features 6 teams.
Sun Group
Sun Group is an Indian media conglomerate, based in Chennai. It was founded by Kalanithi Maran in 1992. The Sun Group, besides television media, operates 48 FM radio stations, two daily newspapers, five magazines, a DTH satellite service and T20 cricket franchises.

Sun NXT
Sun NXT  is an Indian subscription video on demand over-the-top streaming service run by Sun TV Network. It was launched in June 2017 and has content in six languages - Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Kannada, Bengali, Marathi and Hindi. Sun NXT app is available for Android and iOS devices, Smart TVs and other devices.
2025 AMA National Speedway Championship
The 2025 AMA National Speedway Championship Series was staged over three rounds, with the opening two rounds held at Industry Hills on August 2 and August 9 and the final round held at Auburn on September 20.

Broc Nicol successfully defending the title he won in 2024.

The first round was won by former two-time champion Max Ruml, who finished ahead of Nicol and Slater Lightcap. However, Ruml and Nicol both scored 20 points on the night, leaving them tied at the top of the standings. Ruml also won the second and third rounds, however he accumulated less points than Nicol and finished as the runner-up.

2024 AMA National Speedway Championship
The 2024 AMA National Speedway Championship Series was staged over three rounds, held at Bakersfield (June 22), Industry Hills (August 3) and Auburn, California (September 21).

The title was won by Broc Nicol, who claimed all three rounds of the championship. Defending champion Max Ruml finished second with 11-time winner Billy Janniro taking the final place on the podium. It was the first time Nicol had won the title.
Real Madrid Voleibol
Real Madrid Voleibol was the volleyball section of Real Madrid CF. The sport was added in 1954, following the club policy to expand. At the time of the section's dissolution in 1983, it was the third most successful section of Real Madrid next after the football and basketball teams.

Superliga de Voleibol Masculina
The Superliga de Voleibol Masculina, (SVM) is the top level of the Spanish volleyball. The championship was founded in 1983. Formerly known as Campeonato Nacional de División de Honor Masculina, and, since 1983 as the current name. The administration of the league is carried out by the Real Federación Española de Voleibol.
Pukao (seamount)
The Pukao Seamount is a submarine volcano, the most westerly in the Easter Seamount Chain or Sala y Gómez ridge. To the east are Moai (seamount) and then Easter Island. It rises over 2,500 metres from the ocean floor to within a few hundred metres of the sea surface. The Pukao Seamount is fairly young, and believed to have developed in the last few hundred thousand years as the Nazca Plate floats over the Easter hotspot.

Submarine volcano
Water vapor cloud

Water

Stratum

Lava flow

Magma conduit

Magma chamber

Dike

Pillow lava

Submarine volcanoes are underwater vents or fissures in the Earth's surface from which magma can erupt. Many submarine volcanoes are located near areas of tectonic plate formation, known as mid-ocean ridges. The volcanoes at mid-ocean ridges alone are estimated to account for 75% of the magma output on Earth. Although most submarine volcanoes are located in the depths of seas and oceans, some also exist in shallow water, and these can discharge material into the atmosphere during an eruption. The total number of submarine volcanoes is estimated to be over one million (most are now extinct) of which some 75,000 rise more than 1 kilometre (0.62 miles) above the seabed. Only 119 submarine volcanoes in Earth's oceans and seas are known to have erupted during the last 11,700 years.

Hydrothermal vents, sites of abundant biological activity, are commonly found near submarine volcanoes.
Griffinia
Griffinia is a genus of Brazilian plants in the Amaryllis family, subfamily Amaryllidoideae. It includes 23 known species which are endemic to Brazil. The most closely related genus to it is the monotypic Worsleya.

The members of the genus Griffinia are tropical, bulbous plants which grow in high levels of humidity. The leaves are green, petiolate, elliptical, sometimes with white speckles on them. The flowers are typical for the tribe - lilac or blue colored (although there are also white - colored species) and collected into an umbel. Many of the members in this genus are endangered because of the deforestation of their habitat.

Amaryllidoideae
Amaryllidoideae (Amaryllidaceae s.s., amaryllids) is a subfamily of monocot flowering plants in the family Amaryllidaceae, order Asparagales. The most recent APG classification, APG IV, takes a broad view of the Amaryllidaceae, which then has three subfamilies, one of which is Amaryllidoideae (the old family Amaryllidaceae), and the others are Allioideae (the old family Alliaceae) and Agapanthoideae (the old family Agapanthaceae). The subfamily consists of about seventy genera, with over eight hundred species, and a worldwide distribution.
2011 Zucchetti Kos Tennis Cup
The 2011 Zucchetti Kos Tennis Cup was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the eighth edition of the tournament which is part of the Tretorn SERIE+ of the 2011 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Cordenons, Italy between 15 and 21 August 2011.

2011 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP). The 2011 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 15 top tier Tretorn SERIE+ tournaments, and approximately 150 regular series tournaments, with prize money ranging from $35,000 up to $150,000.
2018 Paris–Roubaix
The 2018 Paris–Roubaix was a road cycling one-day race that took place on 8 April 2018 in France. It was the 116th edition of the Paris–Roubaix and the fifteenth event of the 2018 UCI World Tour.

For the first time since Bernard Hinault in 1981, the race was won by the incumbent world champion, Peter Sagan (Bora–Hansgrohe). Sagan attacked the main group of riders, on sector 12 of pavé between Auchy-lez-Orchies and Bersée, catching the head of the race not long after. Only Swiss champion Silvan Dillier, riding for the AG2R La Mondiale team, was able to stay with Sagan all the way to the finish at Roubaix Velodrome, where Sagan won the two-up sprint finish. Third place, 57 seconds later, went to Tour of Flanders winner Niki Terpstra, for Quick-Step Floors.

The race was marred by the death of Vérandas Willems–Crelan rider Michael Goolaerts. During the race, he suffered a cardiac arrest, and later died in hospital in Lille.

1981 Paris–Roubaix
The 1981 Paris–Roubaix was ultimately settled in a 6-man sprint on the velodrome in Roubaix with Bernard Hinault prevailing in front of former four times winner Roger De Vlaeminck and reigning three times winner Francesco Moser.

With about 8 kilometres to go, Bernard Hinault attempted to break away, but was hauled in by Hennie Kuiper acting for Roger De Vlaeminck. Bernard Hinault then crashed with few kilometres to go, but quickly got on his bike and re-joined the front group before the last kilometre.

In the velodrome, Hennie Kuiper took the lead to favour the sprint of De Vlaeminck. Hinault took charge with about a lap to go and initiated a long sprint. In the end, he was able to resist the charge from Roger De Vlaeminck, and became the first French winner of the Paris–Roubaix for 25 years.
Jean Stapleton
Jean Stapleton (born Jeanne Murray; January 19, 1923 – May 31, 2013) was an American character actress of stage, television and film. Stapleton is best known for her portrayal of Edith Bunker, the perpetually optimistic and devoted wife of Archie Bunker, on the 1970s sitcom All in the Family. The role earned her three Emmys and two Golden Globes for Best Actress in a comedy series.

Summer stock theater
In American theater, summer stock theater is a theater that presents stage productions only in the summer. The name combines the season with the tradition of staging shows by a resident company, reusing stock scenery and costumes. Summer stock theaters frequently take advantage of seasonal weather by having their productions outdoors, under tents set up temporarily for their use, or in barns.

Some smaller theaters still continue this tradition, and a few summer stock theaters have become highly regarded by both patrons as well as performers and designers. Often viewed as a starting point for professional actors, stock casts are typically young, just out of high school or still in college.
Equivalent noise resistance
In telecommunications, an equivalent noise resistance is a quantitative representation in resistance units of the spectral density of a noise-voltage generator, given by

where  is the spectral density,  is the Boltzmann constant,  is the standard noise temperature (290 K), so .

Note:  The equivalent noise resistance in terms of the mean-square noise-generator voltage, e2, within a frequency increment, Δ f, is given by

This article incorporates public domain material from Federal Standard 1037C. General Services Administration. Archived from the original on 2022-01-22.

Noise temperature
In electronics, noise temperature is one way of expressing the level of available noise power introduced by a component or source. The power spectral density of the noise is expressed in terms of the temperature (in kelvins) that would produce that level of Johnson–Nyquist noise, thus:

where:

is the noise power (in W, watts)

is the total bandwidth (Hz, hertz) over which that noise power is measured

is the Boltzmann constant (1.381×10−23 J/K, joules per kelvin)

is the noise temperature (K, kelvin)

Thus the noise temperature is proportional to the power spectral density of the noise,  . That is the power that would be absorbed from the component or source by a matched load. Noise temperature is generally a function of frequency, unlike that of an ideal resistor which is simply equal to the actual temperature of the resistor at all frequencies.
Rasuiya railway station
Rasuiya railway station (station code: RYS) is a railway station on the Lucknow–Moradabad line located in village Rasuiya of Bareilly district in Uttar Pradesh, India. It is under the administrative control of the Moradabad Division of the Northern Railway zone of the Indian Railways.

The station consists of one platform, and is located at a distance of 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from Bareilly Junction. Five trains (Four Passenger / One Express) stop at the station.

Lucknow–Moradabad line
The Lucknow–Moradabad line (also known as Lucknow–Moradabad main line) is a railway line connecting Lucknow and Moradabad railway stations, both in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The line is under the administrative jurisdiction of Northern Railway.
Chen–Gackstatter surface
In differential geometry, the Chen–Gackstatter surface family (or the Chen–Gackstatter–Thayer surface family) is a family of minimal surfaces that generalize the Enneper surface by adding handles, giving it nonzero topological genus.

They are not embedded, and have Enneper-like ends. The members  of the family are indexed by the number of extra handles i and the winding number of the Enneper end; the total genus is ij and the total Gaussian curvature is . It has been shown that  is the only  genus one orientable complete minimal surface of total curvature .

It has been conjectured that continuing to add handles to the surfaces will in the limit converge to the Scherk's second surface (for j = 1) or the saddle tower family for j > 1.

Saddle tower
In differential geometry, a saddle tower is a minimal surface family generalizing the singly periodic Scherk's second surface so that it has N-fold (N > 2) symmetry around one axis.

These surfaces are the only properly embedded singly periodic minimal surfaces in  with genus zero and finitely many Scherk-type ends in the quotient.
Alicante (Senate constituency)
Alicante (Valencian: Alacant) is one of the 59 constituencies (Spanish: circunscripciones) represented in the Senate, the upper chamber of the Spanish parliament, the Cortes Generales. The constituency elects four senators. Its boundaries correspond to those of the Spanish province of Alicante. The electoral system uses open list partial block voting, with electors voting for individual candidates instead of parties. Electors can vote for up to three candidates.

Province of Alicante
The Province of Alicante (/ˌælɪˈkænti/, also UK: /-teɪ/, US: /ˌælɪˈkɑːnti, ˌɑːl-/; (Spanish: Provincia de Alicante, pronounced [aliˈkante], Valencian: Província d'Alacant, pronounced [alaˈkant]) is a province located in eastern Spain, in the southern part of the Valencian Community. It is the 2nd most populated Valencian province, containing the second and third biggest cities in the Valencian Community—Alicante (also known in Valencian as Alacant) and Elche (Elx), respectively. With a population of 2,033,566, it is the 4th most populated Spanish province as well.

Alicante is bordered by the provinces of Murcia on the southwest, Albacete on the west, Valencia on the north, and the Mediterranean Sea on the east. The province is named after its capital, the city of Alicante.
Gymnastics at the 1904 Summer Olympics – Men's combined
The men's combined was an artistic gymnastics event held as part of the gymnastics programme at the 1904 Summer Olympics, and was held on Friday, October 28. 1904 was the second time a combined apparatus event was held at the Olympics, though the previous incarnation was more similar to the all-around turnverein which took place in July. The format of the combined, however, was the basis for later all-around type events.

An unknown number of gymnasts competed, only five are known, with possibly ten gymnasts competing in total. The scores were a sum of the gymnasts' scores in the parallel bars, horizontal bar, vault, and pommel horse events.

Gymnastics at the 1904 Summer Olympics – Men's vault
The men's vault was an artistic gymnastics event held as part of the gymnastics programme at the 1904 Summer Olympics. It was only the second time that the event was held at the Olympics. An unknown number of gymnasts competed, only five are known. The competition was held on Friday, October 28, 1904.
Gmina Obrazów
Gmina Obrazów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Obrazów, which lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) west of Sandomierz and 75 km (47 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

The gmina covers an area of 71.86 square kilometres (27.7 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 6,715 (6,591 in 2013).

Sandomierz County
Sandomierz County (Polish: powiat sandomierski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, south-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Sandomierz, which lies 83 kilometres (52 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce. The county also contains the towns of Koprzywnica, lying 16 km (10 mi) south-west of Sandomierz, and Zawichost, 16 km (10 mi) north-east of Sandomierz.

The county covers an area of 675.89 square kilometres (261.0 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 77,352, out of which the population of Sandomierz is 23,494, that of Koprzywnica is 2,470, that of Zawichost is 1,771, and the rural population is 49,617.
USS Persistent (MSO-491)
USS Persistent (AM-491/MSO-491) was an Aggressive-class minesweeper acquired by the U.S. Navy for the task of removing naval mines that had been placed in the water to prevent the safe passage of ships.

The second ship to be named Persistent by the Navy, the vessel was laid down 17 June 1954 as AM-491 by J.M. Martinac Shipbuilding Corp., Tacoma, Washington; reclassified MSO–491 on 7 February 1955; launched 23 April 1955; sponsored by Mrs. M.S. Erdahl; and commissioned 3 February 1956.

Aggressive-class minesweeper
The Aggressive-class minesweepers are a class of US-built minesweepers. They are designated as MSO (Mine Sweeper Ocean), distinguishing them from the smaller coastal MSCs and inshore MSIs. Besides the US Navy, this class of vessels has also been used by the Belgian Navy and the Norwegian Navy, among others.
Armenian genocide reparations
The issue of Armenian genocide reparations derives from the Armenian genocide of 1915 committed by the Ottoman Empire. Such reparations might be of financial, estate or territorial nature, and could cover individual or collective claims as well as those by Armenia. The majority of scholars of international law agree that Turkey is the successor state or continuation of the Ottoman Empire. In addition, the Republic of Turkey continued the Ottoman Empire's internationally wrongful acts against Armenians, such as confiscation of Armenian properties and massacres. Former Secretary of the UN Human Rights Committee, Professor Alfred de Zayas, Geneva School of Diplomacy, stated that "[b]ecause of the continuing character of the crime of genocide in factual and legal terms, the remedy of restitution has not been foreclosed by the passage of time".

Dresdner Bank
Dresdner Bank AG (German pronunciation: [ˈdʁeːsdnɐ ˈbaŋk]) was a German bank, founded in 1872 in Dresden, then headquartered in Berlin from 1884 to 1945 and in Frankfurt from 1963 onwards after a postwar hiatus. Long Germany's second-largest bank behind Deutsche Bank, it was eventually acquired by Commerzbank in May 2009.
Tom Price, Western Australia
Tom Price is a mining town in the Pilbara region of Western Australia.  It is located inland, at the edge of the Hamersley Range. Tom Price is the highest town above sea level (747 m (2,451 ft)) in Western Australia, and is consequently dubbed "Top Town in WA".

Hamersley Range
The Hamersley Range is a mountainous region of the Pilbara region of Western Australia.  The range was named on 12 June 1861 by explorer Francis Thomas Gregory after Edward Hamersley, a prominent promoter of his exploration expedition to the northwest.

The range is one of the oldest mountain ranges on Earth and primarily consists of ancient rock formations, including banded iron formations (BIFs), that are about 2.5 billion years old. The Pilbara Craton, which underlies the Hamersley Range, dates back to around 3.4 billion years, but the range itself is younger than that. The deformation that began uplift of the region and created the tightly folded rocks of the range began around 2.2 billion years ago, during the Ophthalmia Orogeny. This would make it approximately the 6th oldest mountain range in the world.

Karijini National Park (formerly known as Hamersley Range National Park) lies within the range.
Jane Törnqvist
Jane Törnqvist (born 9 May 1975) is a former footballer who most recently played for Kopparbergs/Göteborg FC. A tough tackling central defender, she wore number 3 for her club. She played 109 games for the Sweden women's national team before retiring from international football in 2005. She also served as the Strength and Conditioning coach of India women's football team for the 2022 AFC Women's Asian Cup.

2003 FIFA Women's World Cup
The 2003 FIFA Women's World Cup was the fourth edition of the FIFA Women's World Cup, the quadrennial championship of women's national soccer teams organized by FIFA. It was held in the United States from September 20 to October 12, 2003, at six venues in six cities across the country. The tournament was won by Germany, who became the first country to win both the men's and women's World Cup.

China was originally awarded the right to host the tournament, which would have taken place from September 23 to October 11 in four cities. A severe outbreak of SARS in early 2003 affected Guangdong in southern China and prompted FIFA to move the Women's World Cup to the United States, who had hosted the previous edition in 1999. China was instead granted hosting rights for the 2007 FIFA Women's World Cup and financial compensation while the United States Soccer Federation made new arrangements to host at smaller stadiums.