hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nemmers Prize in Medical Science
The Mechthild Esser Nemmers Prize in Medical Science, established in 2016, is awarded every other year by the Feinberg School of Medicine. The recipient is "a physician-scientist whose body of research exhibits outstanding achievement in their discipline as demonstrated by works of lasting significance". The winner is determined by a jury of biomedical scientists and receives $350,000. The award is one of five Nemmers Prizes awarded by the University, created as a gift to Northwestern by the late brothers Erwin Esser Nemmers and Frederic Esser Nemmers.

Feinberg School of Medicine
The Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, formerly Northwestern University Medical School from 1906 to 2002, is the medical school of Northwestern University and located in the Streeterville neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois, United States. Founded in 1859, Feinberg offers a full-time Doctor of Medicine degree program, multiple dual degree programs, graduate medical education, and continuing medical education.

Through clinical affiliates Northwestern Memorial Hospital, the Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, and the Shirley Ryan AbilityLab (formerly Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago). Feinberg and its clinical affiliates are together an $11 billion academic medical enterprise. The school has about 4,830 faculty members.
Fuel extraction in Pakistan
According to the United States Energy Information Administration (EIA), Pakistan may have over 9 billion barrels (1.4×109 cubic metres) of petroleum oil and 105 trillion cubic feet (3.0 trillion cubic metres) in natural gas (including shale gas) reserves.

As per BP' Statistical Review of World Energy 2016, at the end of 2015 Pakistan had the following proved reserves of fuels: 0.5 Trillion cu m of natural gas and 2.07 Billion tons of coal (sub-bituminous and lignite).

Petroleum reservoir
A petroleum reservoir or oil and gas reservoir is a subsurface accumulation of hydrocarbons contained in porous or fractured rock formations. Such reservoirs form when kerogen (ancient plant matter) is created in surrounding rock by the presence of high heat and pressure in the Earth's crust.

Reservoirs are broadly classified as conventional and unconventional reservoirs. In conventional reservoirs, the naturally occurring hydrocarbons, such as crude oil (petroleum) or natural gas, are trapped by overlying rock formations with lower permeability, while in unconventional reservoirs the rocks have high porosity and low permeability, which keeps the hydrocarbons trapped in place, therefore not requiring a cap rock. Reservoirs are found using hydrocarbon exploration methods.
Teungueth FC
Teungueth FC is a professional Senegalese football club based in Rufisque. Teungueth is currently playing in the Senegalese Premier League and is ranked 11th on the league table. They play at the Stade Ngalandou Diouf in Rufisque.

Rufisque
Rufisque (Arabic: روفيسك; Wolof: Tëngeéj) is a city in the Dakar region of western Senegal, at the base of the Cap-Vert Peninsula 25 kilometres (16 mi) east of Dakar, the capital. It has a population of 295,459 (2023 census). In the past it was an important port city in its own right, but is now a suburb of Dakar.

Rufisque is also the capital of the department of the same name.
Lone star bandavirus
Lone star bandavirus is a highly divergent bunyavirus, which is carried and transmitted by the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum. This is the same vector that transmits the SFTS virus, and the newly discovered Bhanja and Heartland viruses.

Lone star virus shares the same vector as these viruses and has many characteristics of them, it shares less than sixty-one percent of its amino acid identity with them. Though the virus has never been a cause of illness in humans, it has the ability to infect both human and monkey cells, and its effects are seen, in both cell lines, 72 hours after contact.

It was first discovered and studied by the Center for Zoonoses Research, at the University of Illinois, in 1966. The virus was taken from a lone star tick, which had been removed from a woodchuck in the Land Between the Lakes region of Western Kentucky.

SFTS virus
SFTS virus is a tick-borne virus in the genus Bandavirus in the family Phenuiviridae. The clinical condition it caused is known as severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS). SFTS is an emerging infectious disease that was first described in northeast and central China 2009 and now has also been discovered in Japan, South Korea, Vietnam and Taiwan in 2015. SFTS has a fatality rate of 12% and as high as over 30% in some areas. The major clinical symptoms of SFTS are fever, vomiting, diarrhea, multiple organ failure, thrombocytopenia (low platelet count), leukopenia (low white blood cell count) and elevated liver enzyme levels. Another outbreak occurred in East China in the early half of 2020.
Venice Gardens, Florida
Venice Gardens is a census-designated place (CDP) in Sarasota County, Florida, United States. The population was 3,402 at the 2020 census, down from 7,104 at the 2010 census. It is part of the North Port–Bradenton–Sarasota, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Bradenton, Florida
Bradenton (/ˈbreɪdəntən/ ⓘ BRAY-dən-tən) is a city in and the county seat of Manatee County, Florida, United States. Its population was 55,698 at the 2020 census. It is a principal city in the Sarasota metropolitan area.

Downtown Bradenton is along the Manatee River and includes the Bradenton Riverwalk and Bishop Museum of Science and Nature. To the south of Bradenton is Sarasota; beach communities on Anna Maria Island are to its west, and the Manatee River and Palmetto are to its north.
2019 Cargill Curling Training Centre Icebreaker
The 2019 Cargill Curling Training Centre Icebreaker was held from August 23 to 25 in Morris, Manitoba. It was the fourth event of the 2019–20 curling season. The total purse for the event was $7,480 on both the Men's and Women's side.

In the Men's event, Jason Gunnlaugson defeated Ty Dilello 7–5 in the final and in the Women's event, Tracy Fleury defeated Tori Koana 5–3 in the final.

Morris, Manitoba
Morris is a small town in the Pembina Valley region of Manitoba, Canada, located 51 km south of Winnipeg and 42 km north of Emerson. Morris is home to 1,885 people (2016). The town is named after Alexander Morris, the second Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba.

Highway 75, which turns into Interstate 29, is the major highway which runs from Winnipeg to Missouri. Morris is the only town where Highway 75 is called "Main Street". The town of Morris is mostly surrounded by the Rural Municipality of Morris, except for a relatively small eastern border with the northwest corner of the Rural Municipality of Montcalm, across the Red River of the North.

Morris is host to the annual Manitoba Stampede and Exhibition.
Cherry, Illinois
Cherry is a village in Bureau County, Illinois, United States. The population was 435 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Ottawa Micropolitan Statistical Area. It is located northwest of LaSalle-Peru, just a few miles north of Interstate 80, and is about 75 miles (121 km) east of the Quad Cities.

Cherry was the site of the Cherry Mine Disaster, which killed 259 coal miners in November 1909.  This was the third most deadly mine disaster in U.S. history (as of 2024).

Peru, Illinois
Peru is a city in LaSalle and Bureau counties, Illinois, United States. The population was 9,896 at the 2020 census, down from 10,295 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Ottawa, IL Micropolitan Statistical Area.  Peru and its twin city, LaSalle, make up the core of Illinois Valley.
Don Pramudwinai
Don Pramudwinai (Thai: ดอน ปรมัตถ์วินัย, RTGS: Don Poramatwinai, IPA: [dɔːn pɔː.rá.mát.wí.naj]; born 25 January 1950) is a Thai diplomat and politician who was a Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Thailand from 2015 to 2023 under Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha government. He previously served as the ambassador of Thailand to the United States.

Deputy Prime Minister of Thailand
The deputy prime minister of Thailand (รองนายกรัฐมนตรี, RTGS: Rong Nayok Ratthamontri Thai pronunciation: [rɔ̄ːŋ.nāːjók.rát.tʰa.mōn.trīː]) is a ministerial position within the government of Thailand. Several deputy prime ministers can be appointed and serve concurrently. Such appointments are usually made by the prime minister of Thailand. This position can be combined with other ministerial portfolios. The position was first created in 1943.
Strangways Terrace
Strangways Terrace is a street in North Adelaide, South Australia. It is the southwestern boundary between the built environment and the Adelaide parklands including the Adelaide Golf Links.

Strangways Terrace is named after Thomas Bewes Strangways who was a member of the Street Naming Committee which met in 1837 to assign names to the streets of the new settlement. It includes a number of grand residences and other places from the early years of the colony which are recorded and protected in the South Australian Heritage Register. The Calvary North Adelaide Hospital maternity ward dating from the 1940s has local heritage listing.

Strangways Terrace was the site of the first Colonial Store operated by Thomas Gilbert to supply equipment to government parties.

North Adelaide Golf Course
North Adelaide Golf Course is a 54 hole golf course in Adelaide, South Australia. The golf course is situated in the park lands which surround the City of Adelaide. The course consists of three courses, the Par 69 North Course, the Par 71 South Course, and an 18 hole Par 3 course. The North Adelaide Golf Course is perhaps the only golf course of its size to be located only a kilometre away from the business heart of a capital city.
Elaeagnus triflora
Elaeagnus triflora, commonly known as millaa millaa vine, is a scrambling shrub the family Elaeagnaceae. Its native range is Malesia and Papuasia, to Taiwan in the north and the Australian state of Queensland in the south.

Papuasia
Papuasia is a Level 2 botanical region defined in the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD). It lies in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, in the Melanesia ecoregion of Oceania and Tropical Asia.

It comprises the following geographic and political entities:

Aru Islands (Indonesia; treated as part of Western New Guinea in the Scheme)

New Guinea
Papua New Guinea
Western New Guinea (Indonesia)

Solomon Islands (archipelago)
Bougainville
Solomon Islands (excluding the Santa Cruz Islands)
Leng Mei
Leng Mei (Chinese: 冷枚; pinyin: Lěng Méi; Wade–Giles: Leng Mei), was a Chinese painter. He was a native of Jiaozhou, Shandong province, active 1677-1742 (his specific years of birth and death are not known). His courtesy name was Jichen (吉臣), and sobriquet Jinmen Waishi, or Jinmen Shushi. He was Jiao Bingzhen's student. Leng's specialty was painting human figures, particularly court ladies.

Jiao Bingzhen
Jiao Bingzhen (simplified Chinese: 焦秉贞; traditional Chinese: 焦秉貞; pinyin: Jiāo Bǐngzhēn; Wade–Giles: Chiao Ping-chen, active 1689–1726) was a native of Jining, Shandong who became a noted painter and astronomer. He is one of the first Qing dynasty painters to blend traditional Chinese painting with western culture. He is also among the more significant portrait and miniature painters in the early Qing. He was skilled in painting people, landscapes, and buildings.

The Western influence in his art came from his exposure to the Jesuits at the Directorate of Astronomy. Their influence also exposed him to new ideas on astronomy and religion. At some point Jiao became a Roman Catholic and played a role on the Jesuit side of the Chinese Rites controversy.
Rahmi M. Koç Museum
The Rahmi M. Koç Museum is a private industrial museum in Istanbul, Turkey dedicated to the history of transport, industry and communications. Rahmi M. Koç, member of one of the wealthiest families in Turkey and retired chairman (currently the honorary chairman) of the Koç Group, founded the museum in 1991, which was opened on December 13, 1994. The museum is located in the suburb of Hasköy on the northern shore of the Golden Horn and situated in two historical buildings connected to each other. It is open to public every day except Monday.

A sister museum, but smaller in size, the Çengelhan Rahmi M. Koç Museum opened its doors in Ankara in 2005, followed by a third Rahmi M. Koç Museum on Cunda Island in 2014.

Koç Holding
Koç Holding A.Ş. (Turkish pronunciation: [kotʃ]) is a Turkish multinational industrial conglomerate headquartered in Istanbul, Turkey. It operates as the country's largest company, and is listed on Fortune Global 500 as of 2024. Koç Holding's contributions make up to 7% of Turkey's overall exports. The company is controlled by the Koç family, one of Turkey's wealthiest families.

Founded in 1926 by Vehbi Koç, it is regarded as one of the pioneering actors in the industrialization of Turkey. Subsidiaries owned by Koç Holding engage in a variety of sectors, including banking, energy, automotive, household appliances, and defence.
Estevia
Estevia is a genus of fossil formicine ants containg two species known from Fushun amber. It was originally described in 2002 by Chinese paleoentomologist Youchong Hong (zh:洪友崇) as Wilsonia, an honorific of biologist E. O. Wilson, however entomologist Brian Fisher found that the name was a junior secondary homonym of the bird genus Wilsonia described in 1838 and designated Estevia as a replacement name in 2026 in honor of Brazilian myrmecologist Flávia Esteves.

Formicinae
The Formicinae are a subfamily within the Formicidae family containing ants of moderate evolutionary development.

Formicines retain some primitive features, such as the presence of cocoons around pupae, the presence of ocelli in workers, and little tendency toward reduction of palp or antennal segmentation in most species, except subterranean groups. Extreme modification of mandibles is rare, except in the genera Myrmoteras and Polyergus. However, some members show considerable evolutionary advancement in behaviors such as slave-making and symbiosis with root-feeding hemipterans. Finally, all formicines have very reduced stings and enlarged venom reservoirs, with the venom gland, specialized (uniquely among ants) for the production of formic acid.

All members of the Formicinae "have a one-segmented petiole in the form of a vertical scale".
Junction Hill, New South Wales
Junction Hill is a small town and satellite suburb of Grafton, New South Wales. Part of the Clarence Valley Council, it was identified in 2009 as a site for future residential growth. According to the 2021 census, it had 1,515 inhabitants.

Clarence Valley Council
Clarence Valley Council is a local government area in the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Australia.

The council services an area of 10,441 square kilometres (4,031 sq mi) and draws its name from the Clarence River, which flows through most of the council area. The area under management is adjacent to the Pacific Highway, the Gwydir Highway and the North Coast railway line. The Clarence Valley region includes the coastal plain and lower valleys of the Clarence and Nymboida river. Most of the valley is agricultural; however, the oceanside towns of Yamba and Iluka are popular holiday resorts.

The council was formed in February 2004 by the merger of the City of Grafton and Maclean Shire, and parts of Copmanhurst, Pristine Waters and Richmond Valley local government areas, and the activities of North Coast Water and Clarence River County Council.

The mayor of Clarence Valley Council is Ray Smith. The Deputy Mayor is Greg Clancy.
Anthony Luteyn
Abraham Pierre Tony Luteyn (10 February 1917 – 9 February 2003) was a Dutch officer who successfully escaped from the German prisoner of war camp of Colditz. Sometimes he is referred to as Anthony Luteyn.

Hans Larive
Etienne Henri "Hans" Larive, MWO, DSC and bar, (23 September 1915 – 28 December 1984) was a Dutch naval officer during World War II. He escaped from the prisoner of war camp Oflag IV-C at Colditz Castle in 1941, and spent the rest of the war in England serving aboard Motor Torpedo Boats. He later wrote his memoir Vannacht varen de Hollanders (1950), which was republished translated into English as The Man Who Came in From Colditz (1975) – a pun on the best-selling novel The Spy Who Came in from the Cold.
Project Beacon
Beacon was one of America's first satellite programs.  A balloon satellite, its objective was to study atmospheric density at its orbital altitude and to be the first United States satellite visible to the naked eye.  Booster problems caused both orbital attempts to end in failure.

Project Echo
Project Echo was the first passive communications satellite experiment. Each of the two American spacecraft, launched in 1960 and 1964, were metalized balloon satellites acting as passive reflectors of microwave signals. Communication signals were transmitted from one location on Earth and bounced off the surface of the satellite to another Earth location.

The first transmissions using Echo were sent from Goldstone, California, to Crawford Hill in Holmdel, New Jersey, on 12 August 1960. The last Echo satellite deorbited and burned up in the atmosphere on 7 June 1969.
Bajaj Discover
The Bajaj Discover was a line of commuter motorcycles manufactured by Bajaj Auto. The bike, initially launched in the year 2004, had been a success in the Indian two wheeler segment until it was discontinued in 2020 due to too many models being introduced under the Discover brand which led to poor sales. It was replaced by Bajaj Pulsar 125.

Bajaj Pulsar
The Bajaj Pulsar is a range of motorcycles manufactured by Bajaj Auto in India. It was developed by the product engineering division of Bajaj Auto in association with Tokyo R&D, and later with motorcycle designer Glynn Kerr.
Kinase
In biochemistry, a kinase (/ˈkaɪneɪs, ˈkɪneɪs, -eɪz/) is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of phosphate groups to substrates. This process is known as phosphorylation.  Typically ATP is the phosphate donor. Kinases are pervasive, the human genome codes for about 500 of these enzymes.

Kinases are part of the larger family of phosphotransferases. Kinases should not be confused with phosphorylases, which catalyze the addition of inorganic phosphate groups to an acceptor, nor with phosphatases, which remove phosphate groups (dephosphorylation). The phosphorylation state of a molecule, whether it be a protein, lipid or carbohydrate, can affect its activity, reactivity and its ability to bind other molecules. Therefore, kinases are critical in metabolism, cell signalling, protein regulation, cellular transport, secretory processes and many other cellular pathways, which makes them very important to physiology.

Edwin G. Krebs
Edwin Gerhard Krebs (June 6, 1918 – December 21, 2009) was an American biochemist. He received the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research and the Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize of Columbia University in 1989 together with Alfred Gilman and, together with his collaborator Edmond H. Fischer, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1992 for describing how reversible phosphorylation works as a switch to activate proteins and regulate various cellular processes.
Burgundian Civil War
The Burgundian Civil War was a military conflict between the Burgundian kings Gundobad and Godegisel. The war took place around 500 in the former Roman provinces of Gallia Lugdunesis I and Maxima Sequanorum, where a Burgundian state had emerged after the fall of the Western Roman Empire. The kings were brothers who both controlled parts of Burgundy. Clovis I, the king of the Franks, was also involved.

Gregory of Tours
Gregory of Tours (born Georgius Florentius; 30 November c. 538 – 17 November 594 AD) was a Gallo-Roman historian and Bishop of Tours during the Merovingian period and is known as the "father of French history". He was a prelate in the Merovingian kingdom, encompassing Gaul's historic region.

Gregory's most notable work is the Decem Libri Historiarum ('Ten Books of Histories'), also known as the Historia Francorum ('History of the Franks'). Decem Libri Historiarum is considered a primary source for the study of Merovingian history and chronicles the accounts of the Franks during the period. Gregory is also known for documenting accounts of religious figures, notably that of Martin of Tours.
Tiresias
In Greek mythology, Tiresias (/taɪˈriːsiəs/; Ancient Greek: Τειρεσίας, romanized: Teiresías) was a blind prophet of Apollo in Thebes, famous for clairvoyance and for being transformed into a woman for seven years. He was the son of the shepherd Everes and the nymph Chariclo. Tiresias participated fully in seven generations in Thebes, beginning as advisor to Cadmus, the founder of Thebes.

Greek tragedy
Greek tragedy (Ancient Greek: τραγῳδία, romanized: tragōidía) is one of the three principal theatrical genres from Ancient Greece and Greek-inhabited Anatolia, along with comedy and the satyr play. It reached its most significant form in Athens in the 5th century BC, the works of which are sometimes called Attic tragedy.

Greek tragedy is widely believed to be an extension of the ancient rites carried out in honor of Dionysus, the god of wine and theatre, and it greatly influenced the theatre of Ancient Rome and the Renaissance. Tragic plots were most often based upon myths from the oral traditions of archaic epics. In tragic theatre, however, these narratives were presented by actors. The most acclaimed Greek tragedians are Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides. These tragedians often explored many themes of human nature, mainly as a way of connecting with the audience but also as way of bringing the audience into the play.
2003 Zhaosu earthquake
A Ms 6.1 earthquake struck the China–Kazakhstan border region on 1 December 2003 at 01:38 UTC. The epicenter was located in Raiymbek District, Almaty Region, Kazakhstan, just 2 km (1.2 mi) from the border with Zhaosu County, Xinjiang, China.

Almaty Region
Almaty Region (Kazakh: Almaty oblysy [ɑɫmɑˈtə ˌwobɫɤˈsə]), formerly known as the Alma-Ata Region until 1993, is a region in Kazakhstan, located in the southeastern part of the country. It surrounds, but does not include, the eponymous city of Almaty. Its capital is Qonaev.
Patuxent River stone
The Patuxent River stone is the state gem  of the U.S. state of Maryland. According to official state records, it is a form of agate; however, it is in fact an iron-stained quartzite. Patuxent River stone is found only in Maryland, and its colors reflect the state flag.

The Patuxent River stone became the state gem effective October 1, 2004, through the passage of Chapter 272, Acts of 2004; Code State Government Article, sec. 13-319.

Flag of Maryland
The flag of Maryland is the official flag of the U.S. state of Maryland and the 17th-century heraldic banner of arms of Cecil, 2nd Baron Baltimore. It consists of the arms of his father George, 1st Baron Baltimore (1579–1632), quartered with those of his grandmother, heiress of the Crossland family. The flag was officially adopted by the Maryland General Assembly in 1904.
Isfahan province
Isfahan province (Persian: استان اصفهان) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Isfahan.

The province is in the center of the country in Iran's Region 2, whose secretariat is located in Isfahan.

Isfahan Province is located along the eastern foothills of the Zagros Mountains. It covers both mountainous terrain and arid plains, contributing to its diverse climate and natural resources.

Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch
The Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch is a university located in the eastern part of Isfahan. It is part of the Islamic Azad University, an Iranian university system. It was established in 1987. The university has more than 30000 students at undergraduate and postgraduate levels. It has 386 full and part-time faculty members who teach and perform research in 196 fields, and more than 75,000 alumni.