hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Joseph Weisbecker
Joseph A. Weisbecker (September 4, 1932 – November 15, 1990) was an early microprocessor and microcomputer designer and researcher, as well and designer of toys and games. He was a recipient of the David Sarnoff award for outstanding technical achievement, recipient of IEEE Computer magazine's "Best Paper" award, as well as several RCA lab awards for his work.

His designs include the RCA 1800 and 1802 processors, the 1861 "Pixie" graphics chip, the RCA Microtutor, the COSMAC ELF, RCA Studio II, and COSMAC VIP computers. His daughter Joyce Weisbecker took to programming his prototypes, becoming the first female video game designer in the process, using his language called CHIP-8.

David Sarnoff
David Sarnoff (February 27, 1891 – December 12, 1971) was a Russian-born American businessman who played an important role in the American history of radio broadcasting and television. He led the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) for most of his career in various capacities from shortly after its founding in 1919 until his retirement in 1970.

He headed a conglomerate of telecommunications and media companies, including RCA and NBC, that became one of the largest in the world. Named a Reserve Brigadier General of the Signal Corps in 1945, Sarnoff thereafter was widely known as "The General".

Congressional investigations concluded that Sarnoff—while head of RCA—artificially inflated the price of RCA stock via market manipulation, leading to public investment losses in excess of $100 million (in 2025 USD).
Pinnacle Peak (Yukon)
Pinnacle Peak is a remote 3,714-meter-elevation (12,185-foot) mountain summit of the Saint Elias Mountains, in Kluane National Park of Yukon, Canada. It ranks as the 37th-highest officially named mountain in Canada. It is situated at the head of the South Arm of the Kaskawulsh Glacier. Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises 1,500 meters (4,900 feet) above the Dusty Glacier in 3.5 kilometers (2.2 miles). Neighbors include Mount Kennedy, 14 km to the south, and Mount Alverstone, 14 km to the south-southwest.

Mount Alverstone
Mount Alverstone or Boundary Peak 180, is a high peak in the Saint Elias Mountains, on the border between Alaska and Yukon. It shares a large massif with the higher Mount Hubbard to the south and the slightly lower Mount Kennedy to the east. The summit of Mount Alverstone marks a sharp turn in the Alaska/Canada border; the border goes south from this point toward the Alaska panhandle and west toward Mount Saint Elias.

The mountain was named in 1908 for Lord Richard Everard Webster Alverstone, Lord Chief Justice of England, 1900–13, and U.S. Boundary Commissioner in 1903. He served on various arbitration commissions including the one dealing with the Bering Sea Fur seal controversy. In the Alaska boundary dispute in 1903, his vote was the deciding one against Canadian claims.
Plamen Nikolov (politician)
Plamen Nikolov (Bulgarian: Пламен Николов; born 1977) is a Bulgarian businessman who was the prime minister-designate of Bulgaria, following the victory of There Is Such a People in the July 2021 Bulgarian parliamentary election. He has no prior political experience.
On August 6, There is Such a People announced its intention to form a minority government, with Nikolov as prime minister. On August 10, Nikolov's candidacy was withdrawn after being unable to secure support.

Prime Minister of Bulgaria
The prime minister of Bulgaria (Bulgarian: Министър-председател на България) is the head of government of Bulgaria. They are oftentimes the leader of a political coalition in the Bulgarian parliament, known as the National Assembly, and the leader of the cabinet. At times, the prime minister has been appointed by the President of Bulgaria, in order to lead a caretaker government. Andrey Gyurov is currently serving as the caretaker prime minister.
Capidava
44°29′37″N 28°5′25″E﻿ / ﻿44.49361°N 28.09028°E﻿ / 44.49361; 28.09028

Capidava (Kapidaua, Cappidava, Capidapa, Calidava, Calidaua) was originally an important Geto-Dacian centre on the right bank of the Danube. After the Roman conquest, it became a civil and military centre in the province of Moesia Inferior (later Scythia Minor) and part of the defensive frontier system of the Moesian Limes along the Danube.

It is located in the village with the same name in Constanța County, Romania.

Cernavodă
Cernavodă (Romanian pronunciation: [t͡ʃernaˈvodə]) is a town in Constanța County, Northern Dobruja, Romania with a population of 15,088 as of 2021.

The town's name is derived from the Bulgarian cherna voda (черна вода in Cyrillic), meaning 'black water'.  This name is regarded by some scholars as a calque of the earlier Thracian name Axíopa, from IE *n̥ksei 'dark' and upā 'water' (cf. Avestan axšaēna- 'dark' and Lithuanian ùpė 'river, creek').
Jersey Shore Stakes
The Jersey Shore Breeders' Cup Stakes is an American Grade III Thoroughbred horse race run annually at Monmouth Park Racetrack in Oceanport, New Jersey. Open to three-year-olds, it is a six furlong sprint raced on dirt.

Inaugurated in 1992 at the Atlantic City Race Course, the Jersey Shore Stakes was moved to Monmouth Park in 1997 and won that year by Smoke Glacken.

Monmouth Park Racetrack
Monmouth Park Racetrack is an American race track for thoroughbred horse racing in Oceanport, New Jersey, United States. It is owned by the New Jersey Sports and Exposition Authority and is operated under a five-year lease as a partnership with Darby Development, LLC.

Monmouth Park's marquee event is the Haskell Invitational, named after Amory L. Haskell. The Haskell was first run in 1968 as a handicap, but was made into an Invitational Handicap in 1981. It is now a 1+1⁄8 mi (1.8 km) test for three-year-olds run in late July. Monmouth Park also now showcases the Jersey Derby originally run at Garden State Park until its closure in 2001. The racetrack's season spans from early May to Labor Day in early September.
Naval Base Eniwetok
Naval Base Eniwetok was a major United States Navy base located at Enewetak Atoll in the Marshall Islands, during World War II. The base was built to support the island-hopping strategy used by allied nations fighting the Empire of Japan in the Pacific War. During 1944–1945 Eniwetok was one of the busiest naval bases in the world with over 488 ships.

VPB-13
VPB-13 was a patrol bombing squadron of the U.S. Navy. The squadron was established as Patrol Squadron 13 (VP-13) on 1 July 1940, redesignated Patrol Bombing Squadron 13 (VPB-13) on 1 October 1944 and disestablished on 1 December 1945.
Guinness Ghana Breweries
Guinness Ghana Breweries is a Ghanaian brewery founded in 1960, located in the Kaase Industrial Area in Kumasi and listed on the stock index of the Ghana Stock Exchange, the GSE All-Share Index.  At its inception, it produced only Guinness Foreign Extra Stout, popularly known as Guinness.

In Accra, the brewery is represented at the former premises of Achimota Brewery Company, in Achimota, at the Tata Brewery Ltd, which was established by J. K. Siaw, a Ghanaian industrialist.

In July 2025, Diageo sold 80.4% of the company's stake to the French brewery Castel Group.

Diageo
Diageo plc is a British multinational alcoholic beverage company headquartered in London, England. It operates from 132 sites in nearly 180 countries. With brands such as Guinness, Johnnie Walker and Smirnoff, it is a major distributor of Scotch whisky and other spirits, with distilleries producing 40% of all Scotch whisky with over 24 brands. Diageo is a publicly traded company listed on both the London Stock Exchange where it is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index, and the New York Stock Exchange as American depositary receipts.
Paul McGrath (footballer)
Paul McGrath (born 4 December 1959) is an Irish former professional footballer, who played as a defender. Regarded as one of the greatest centre-backs in modern football, McGrath was known for his tackling ability, determination, composure and reading of the game, and was known by the nickname "The Black Pearl" at Manchester United. He was also known by the nickname "God" at Aston Villa.

Mainly a centre back, McGrath also played as a defensive midfielder. He spent the majority of his career at Aston Villa and Manchester United (seven seasons apiece). As of August 2025, he is one of only six defenders to have won the PFA Players' Player of the Year award. He also played for St Patrick's Athletic, Derby County and Sheffield United.

A long-time member of the Republic of Ireland national team, McGrath appeared at the 1990 and 1994 FIFA World Cups, as well as UEFA Euro 1988, the team's first-ever international tournament.

1985 FA Cup final
The 1985 FA Cup final was the 104th final of the FA Cup. It took place on 18 May 1985 at Wembley Stadium, and was contested by Manchester United and holders Everton. United won by a single goal, scored in extra time by Norman Whiteside, when he curled the ball into the net past the reach of Neville Southall after a run from the right.
José Reyes (infielder)
José Bernabe Reyes (born June 11, 1983) is a Dominican-American former professional baseball infielder. He played most notably at shortstop in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the New York Mets, Miami Marlins, Toronto Blue Jays, and Colorado Rockies.

Reyes is a four-time MLB All-Star. He led MLB in triples in 2005, 2006, 2008, and 2011. Reyes also led the National League (NL) in stolen bases in 2005, 2006, and 2007. He was the NL batting champion in 2011. He is also the New York Mets' all-time leader in triples (113) and stolen bases (408).

Dunedin Blue Jays
The Dunedin Blue Jays are a Minor League Baseball team of the Florida State League and are the Single-A affiliate of the Toronto Blue Jays Major League Baseball club. They are located in Dunedin, Florida, and play their home games at TD Ballpark, which opened in 1990 and seats 8,500 people.

Two teams named the Blue Jays, both affiliates of Toronto, have played in Dunedin: the original incarnation, from 1978 to 1979, and the current team, established in 1987. Since their inception they have won six division championships, in 1999, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2017, and 2022. In 2017 they were named co-champions of the FSL.
Free Lossless Image Format
Free Lossless Image Format (FLIF) is a lossless image format claiming to outperform PNG, lossless WebP, lossless BPG and lossless JPEG 2000 in terms of compression ratio on a variety of inputs.

FLIF supports a form of progressive interlacing (a generalization of the Adam7 algorithm) with which any partial download (greater than couple hundred bytes) of an image file can be used as a lossy encoding of the entire image.

Jon Sneyers, one of the developers of FLIF, since combined it with ideas from various lossy compression formats to create a successor called the Free Universal Image Format (FUIF), which itself was combined with Google's PIK format to create JPEG XL. As a consequence, FLIF is no longer being developed.

Adam7 algorithm
Adam7 is an interlacing algorithm for raster images, best known as the interlacing scheme optionally used in PNG images. An Adam7 interlaced image is broken into seven subimages, which are defined by replicating this 8×8 pattern across the full image.

The subimages are then stored in the image file in numerical order.

Adam7 uses seven passes and operates in both dimensions, compared to only four passes in the vertical dimension used by GIF. This means that an approximation of the entire image can be perceived much more quickly in the early passes, particularly if interpolation algorithms such as bicubic interpolation are used.
1994–95 OHL season
The 1994–95 OHL season was the 15th season of the Ontario Hockey League. The Newmarket Royals relocated, and became the Sarnia Sting. The OHL realigned from two divisions, creating the east, central, and west divisions. The Bumbacco Trophy is inaugurated to be awarded to the first place team in the west division, during the regular season. The Leyden Trophy is reallocated to the east division, and the Emms Trophy to the central division. Sixteen teams each played 66 games. The Detroit Junior Red Wings won the J. Ross Robertson Cup, defeating the Guelph Storm.

Emms Trophy
The Emms Trophy is presented annually to the regular season champion of the Central division in the Ontario Hockey League. The trophy was inaugurated in the 1975–76 season for the winner of the Emms division, the more westerly of the two divisions at the time. When the league realigned into three divisions in 1994–95, it has since been awarded to the Central division.

The award is named in recognition of Hap Emms. Leighton "Hap" Emms was a coach, team owner, and general manager, with a 33 year presence in the Ontario Hockey Association, as the owner of the Barrie Flyers, Niagara Falls Flyers, and St. Catharines Black Hawks between 1945 and 1978. Teams that Emms coached or owned appeared in eight Memorial Cup tournaments, winning four Memorial Cups.
Vyazyn rural council
Vyazyn rural council  (Belarusian: Вязынскі сельсавет; Russian: Вязынский сельсовет) is a lower-level subdivision (selsoviet) of Vileyka district, Minsk region, Belarus. Its administrative center is  Vyazyn.

Vileyka district
Vileyka district or Viliejka district (Belarusian: Вілейскі раён; Russian: Вилейский район) is a district (raion) of Minsk region in Belarus. The administrative center of the district is the town of Vileyka. As of 2024, it has a population of 46,075.
Stary Żabin
Stary Żabin [ˈstarɨ ˈʐabin] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Banie Mazurskie, within Gołdap County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia. It lies approximately 11 km (7 mi) north of Banie Mazurskie, 16 km (10 mi) west of Gołdap, and 120 km (75 mi) north-east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Banie Mazurskie
Banie Mazurskie ([ˈbaɲɛ maˈzurskʲɛ]) is a village in Gołdap County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Banie Mazurskie.
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) is a volunteer-driven, membership-supported, not-for-profit, standards development organization. CLSI promotes the development and use of voluntary laboratory consensus standards and guidelines within the health care community.

International standard
An international standard is a technical standard developed by one or more international standards organizations. International standards are available for consideration and use worldwide. The most prominent such organization is the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Other prominent international standards organizations including the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). Together, these three organizations have formed the World Standards Cooperation alliance.
Gerhard Wagner (physicist)
Gerhard Wagner (born 1945) is a German-American physicist. Currently the Elkan Rogers Blout Professor of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology at Harvard Medical School, he is an Elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, National Academy of Sciences and International Society of Magnetic Resonance.

Wagner is considered one of the pioneers in Biological Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (Bio-NMR) and his research has been  focused on protein structure, dynamics and stability, and on the relation of these to protein function.  He is a structural biologist and is recognized for his work on the development of NMR spectroscopy for determination of protein structures in solution and characterizing protein dynamics.

Elkan Blout
Elkan Rogers Blout (July 2, 1919 – December 20, 2006) was a biochemist at Polaroid Corporation, Boston Children's Hospital, and the Edward S. Harkness Professor of Biological Chemistry, emeritus at Harvard University.

Blout received his BA in chemistry in 1939 from Princeton University, and his Ph.D. in 1942 from Columbia University.

Blout was elected to the United States National Academy of Sciences in 1969. In 1990, he was awarded the National Medal of Science "for his pioneering studies of protein conformation and devotion to the scientific enterprise of the Nation".

Blout died in December 2006, in Boston.
Huta Drewniana
Huta Drewniana [ˈxuta drɛvˈɲana] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kobiele Wielkie, within Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) south-east of Kobiele Wielkie, 18 km (11 mi) south-east of Radomsko, and 90 km (56 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Kobiele Wielkie
Kobiele Wielkie [kɔˈbjɛlɛ ˈvjɛlkʲɛ] is a village in Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Kobiele Wielkie. It lies approximately 13 km (8 mi) east of Radomsko and 84 km (52 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

The village has an approximate population of 800.

It is the birthplace of Nobel laureate, writer Władysław Reymont. There are two monuments commemorating him, in the village.
65th New York State Legislature
The 65th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 4 to September 7, 1842, during the fourth year of William H. Seward's governorship, in Albany.

Yates County, New York
Yates County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 24,774, making it the third-least populous county in New York. The county seat is Penn Yan. The name is in honor of Joseph C. Yates, who as Governor of New York signed the act establishing the county. The county is part of the Finger Lakes region of the state.

Yates County is included in the Rochester, New York Metropolitan Area.
United States Post Office–Great Barrington Main
US Post Office–Great Barrington Main is a historic post office at 222 Main Street in Great Barrington, Massachusetts.  It was designed by architect Lorimer Rich and completed in 1936.  Its design is unusual, because the United States Postal Service was at that time trying to economize on building costs in part by using standardized plans; this building is a notable deviation from this.  The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

Great Barrington, Massachusetts
Great Barrington is a town in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, United States. It is part of the Pittsfield, Massachusetts, Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 7,172 at the 2020 census. Both a summer resort and home to Ski Butternut, a ski resort, Great Barrington includes the villages of Great Barrington, Van Deusenville, and Housatonic.
Douglas Emlong
Douglas Ralph Emlong (17 April 1942 – June 1980) was an amateur fossil collector from the Oregon Coast in the northwestern United States. His collections contributed to the discovery and description of numerous extinct marine mammal species, many of which are ancestral to extant groups. Described as an 'indefatigable' fossil collector with 'Promethian prowess in discovery of unprecedented vertebrate fossils', he contributed substantially to the field from the age of 14. The ancestral pinniped Enaliarctos emlongi was named in his honor by Annalisa Berta in 1991.

Annalisa Berta
Annalisa Berta (born 23 July 1952) is an American paleontologist and professor emerita in the Department of Biology at San Diego State University.

The focus of her research is the evolution and fossil history of whales and other marine mammals, and among her contributions is the description of the early pinniped Enaliarctos.

Berta received her Ph.D. from the Department of Paleontology at the University of California, Berkeley in 1979, after which she was a postdoctoral researcher at University of Florida before starting as a faculty member at San Diego State University in 1982. Berta served as president of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology in 2004–2006 and she was elected a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) in 2015 and of the  Paleontological Society in 2022.
Luc Ayang
Luc Ayang (1947 – 14 October 2025) was a Cameroonian politician who served as 3rd Prime Minister of Cameroon from 1983 to 1984. He was President of the Economic and Social Council of Cameroon from 1984.

Prime Minister of Cameroon
Under the current Constitution of Cameroon, the prime minister of Cameroon is a relatively powerless position. While the prime minister is officially appointed to be the head of government, the president retains most of the executive power and can fire the prime minister at will.

The current prime minister, Joseph Ngute, was appointed by President Paul Biya. He took the office on 4 January 2019.
Amino Chōshiyama Kofun
The Amino Chōshiyama Kofun (網野銚子山古墳) is a Kofun period burial mound, located in the Amino neighborhood of the city of Kyōtango, Kyoto in the Kansai region of Japan. The tumulus was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1922.

Tango Province
Tango Province (丹後国, Tango no Kuni, Japanese pronunciation: [taꜜŋ.ɡo (no kɯ.ɲi), taꜜŋ.ŋo-]) was a province of Japan in the area of northern Kyoto Prefecture.  Tango bordered on Tanba to the south, Tajima to the west, and Wakasa to the east. Its abbreviated form name was Tanshū (丹州). It was also referred to as Hokutan (北丹) or Okutan (奥丹). In terms of the Gokishichidō system, Tango was one of the provinces of the San'indō circuit. Under the Engishiki classification system, Tango was ranked as one of the "middle countries" (中国) in terms of importance, and one of the "near countries" (近国) in terms of distance from the capital.  The provincial capital was located in what is now the city of Miyazu. The ichinomiya of the province is the Kono Shrine also located in Miyazu. The province had an area of 1,283.43 square kilometres (495.54 sq mi).
Cold sensitive antibodies
Cold sensitive antibodies (CSA) are antibodies sensitive to cold temperature. Some cold sensitive antibodies are pathological and can lead to blood disorder. These pathological cold sensitive antibodies include cold agglutinins, Donath–Landsteiner antibodies, and cryoglobulins which are the culprits of cold agglutinin disease, paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria in the process of Donath–Landsteiner hemolytic anemia, and vasculitis, respectively.

Immunoglobulin M
Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is the largest of several isotypes of antibodies (also known as immunoglobulin) that are produced by vertebrates. IgM is the first antibody to appear in the response to initial exposure to an antigen; causing it to also be called an acute phase antibody. In humans and other mammals that have been studied, plasmablasts in the spleen are the main source of specific IgM production.
2017 Open 13 Provence
The 2017 Open 13 Provence was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 24th edition of the Open 13, and part of the ATP World Tour 250 series of the 2017 ATP World Tour. It took place at the Palais des Sports in Marseille, France, from 20 February through 26 February 2017. Second-seeded Jo-Wilfried Tsonga won the singles title.

Open 13
The Open 13 was an annual men's tennis tournament played in Marseille, France.  The tournament was an ATP Tour 250 series event on the Association of Tennis Professionals tour. The number 13 is the INSEE code of the Bouches-du-Rhône département of which Marseille is the capital.  It was held for one week in February at the Palais des sports de Marseille on indoor hardcourts, where the Centre Court has a capacity of 5,800 seats. The tournament was held from 1993 until 2026 when it was relocated to Lyon.

In 2025, the tournament was one of three French events of the ATP Tour 250 series, along with the Open Occitanie and the Moselle Open. It was one of four with the Lyon Open until 2025.