hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Zorn ring
In mathematics, a Zorn ring is an alternative ring in which for every non-nilpotent x there exists an element y such that xy is a non-zero idempotent (Kaplansky 1968, pages 19, 25). Kaplansky (1951) named them after Max August Zorn, who studied a similar condition in (Zorn 1941).

For associative rings, the definition of Zorn ring can be restated as follows:  the Jacobson radical J(R) is a nil ideal and every right ideal of R which is not contained in J(R) contains a nonzero idempotent.  Replacing "right ideal" with "left ideal" yields an equivalent definition.  Left or right Artinian rings, left or right perfect rings, semiprimary rings and von Neumann regular rings are all examples of associative Zorn rings.

Idempotent (ring theory)
In ring theory, a branch of mathematics, an idempotent element or simply idempotent of a ring is an element a such that a2 = a. That is, the element is idempotent under the ring's multiplication. Inductively then, one can also conclude that a = a2 = a3 = a4 = ... = an for any positive integer n. For example, an idempotent element of a matrix ring is precisely an idempotent matrix.

For general rings, elements idempotent under multiplication are involved in decompositions of modules, and connected to homological properties of the ring. In Boolean algebra, the main objects of study are rings in which all elements are idempotent under both addition and multiplication.
Erica Schwartz (politician)
Erica Schwartz is an American politician serving since 2025 as a member of the Minnesota House of Representatives. A member of the Republican Party, Schwartz represents District 18A in south-central Minnesota, encompassing Nicollet County and parts of Blue Earth and Le Sueur Counties. She serves as the vice chair of the Higher Education Finance and Policy Committee for the 2025-2026 legislative session. She also works at a gas station her husband's family owns.

Nicollet, Minnesota
Nicollet (/ˈnɪkəlɪt/ NIH-kə-lit) is a city in Nicollet County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 1,143 at the 2020 census.

It is part of the Mankato—North Mankato Metropolitan Statistical Area.

U.S. Route 14 and Minnesota State Highways 99 and 111 are the three main arterial routes in the community. Nearby Swan Lake Wildlife Management Area is one of the most significant waterfowl breeding areas in the upper Midwest.
Michael Skube
Michael Skube is a former journalist who is on the faculty of the Elon University School of Communications.

Skube received a Bachelor of Arts from Louisiana State University. In 1975 he began working as a freelance journalist after having worked at the Customs Service. He began writing editorials for the Raleigh News & Observer in 1982 and became a book critic for the paper in 1986. In 1989 he won the Pulitzer Prize for Criticism and the American Society of News Editors Award for Distinguished Commentary. In the mid-1990s he moved to the Atlanta Journal-Constitution, where he was a book reviewer and columnist. While there, he also wrote a regular beer column that won the James Beard Foundation Journalism Award for newspaper writing on spirits, wine and beer in 2000. He left the paper in October 2000 and joined the faculty of the Elon University School of Communications in 2002, where he is now an associate professor.

James Beard Foundation Award
The James Beard Foundation Awards are annual awards presented by the James Beard Foundation to recognize chefs, restaurateurs, authors and journalists in the United States. The James Beard Foundation Awards have been likened to the Academy Awards of the food world due to its prestige and recognition.

The awards are voted on by more than 600 culinary professionals, including previous award winners. Recipients receive a medallion etched with the image of James Beard and a certificate from the foundation.
Francisco Navarro
Francisco Navarro Alvarado was Vice President of Nicaragua from January 1937 to March 1939, under presidency of Anastasio Somoza García. He was elected in 1936 Nicaraguan general election and lost the position when the vice-presidency was abolished in 1939.

Navarro married Lucia Richardson, daughter of William Blaney Richardson and Rosaura Ojeda, and the aunt of New Mexico governor Bill Richardson.

His son Ernesto "Tito" Navarro Richardson was Labor Minister under Anastasio Somoza Debayle. His grandson Alejandro Fiallos Navarro was executive president of Empresa Portuaria Nacional, the Nicaraguan port authority.  Alejandro's brother Francisco was Nicaraguan Ambassador to the United States in the early 1980s.

Vice President of Nicaragua
The vice president of the Republic of Nicaragua (Spanish: Vicepresidente de la República de Nicaragua) is the second highest political position in Nicaragua. According to the current Constitution enacted in 2025, the co-presidents can appoint multiple vice presidents.

The salary of the vice president has been US$3,100 per month.
Lauli'i
Lauli'i is a village on the island of Upolu in Samoa. It is located on the central north coast of the island to the east of the capital Apia. Lauli'i is part of Vaimauga East Electoral Constituency (Faipule District) which forms part of the larger political district of Tuamasaga.

The population of Lauli'i is 2109.

Apia
Apia (Samoan: [a.pi.a]) is the capital and largest city of Samoa. It is located on the central north coast of Upolu, Samoa's second-largest island. Apia falls within the political district (itūmālō) of Tuamasaga.

The Apia Urban Area (generally known as the City of Apia) has a population of 35,974 (2021 census). Its geographic boundaries extend from the east approximately from Letogo village in Vaimauga to the west in the newer, industrialized region of Apia which extends to Vaitele village in Faleata.
1983 Swedish Open
The 1983 Swedish Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts held in Båstad, Sweden and was part of the Grand Prix circuit of the 1983 Tour. It was the 36th edition of the tournament and was held from 11 July through 17 July 1983. First-seeded Mats Wilander won the singles title.

1983 Grand Prix (tennis)
The 1983 Volvo Grand Prix was a professional tennis circuit held that year. It incorporated the four grand slam tournaments, the Grand Prix tournaments, and two team tournaments (the Davis Cup and the World Team Cup). The circuit was administered by the Men's International Professional Tennis Council (MIPTC).
Folcroft station
Folcroft station is a SEPTA train station on the Wilmington/Newark Line in Pennsylvania. The line offers southbound service to Wilmington and Newark, Delaware and northbound service to Philadelphia. Located at Primos and Elmwood Avenues in Folcroft, the station has a 43-space parking lot.

On May 28, 2009, SEPTA approved a $2.6 million rehabilitation effort which will include Folcroft station.

Wilmington/Newark Line
The Wilmington/Newark Line is a route of the SEPTA Regional Rail commuter rail system in the Philadelphia area. The line serves southeastern Pennsylvania and northern Delaware, with stations in Marcus Hook, Pennsylvania, Wilmington, Delaware, and Newark, Delaware. It is the longest of the 13 SEPTA Regional Rail lines.
Carrie Palmer Weber Middle School
Carrie Palmer Weber Middle School (also known as Weber Middle School or simply Weber – and formerly as Port Washington High School and thence Port Washington Junior High School and Carrie Palmer Weber Junior High School) is a public middle school and former high school operated by the Port Washington Union Free School District, located in Port Washington, Nassau County, New York, United States.

Port Washington, New York
Port Washington is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) on the Cow Neck Peninsula in the Town of North Hempstead, in Nassau County, on the North Shore of Long Island, in New York, United States. The hamlet is the anchor community of the Greater Port Washington area. The population was 16,753 at the time of the 2020 census.
2022 Macau Grand Prix
The 2022 Macau Grand Prix was a motor race for Formula 4 (F4) cars held on the streets of Macau on 20 November 2022. Just like in 2020 and 2021, the race was an F4 event (rather than Formula Three), and was part of the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA)-administered F4 Chinese Championship for the third time running. The event consisted of two races; an eight-lap qualifying race deciding the starting grid for the twelve-lap main event. The 2022 race was the 69th running of the Macau Grand Prix, the third for F4 cars and the third meeting of the four-round 2022 F4 Chinese Championship.

2022 F4 Chinese Championship
The 2022 F4 Chinese Championship (Shell Helix FIA F4 Chinese Championship) was the eighth season of the F4 Chinese Championship. It began on 12 August at Ningbo International Circuit and ended on 11 December at Pingtan Street Circuit.
Ros Tapestry Project
The Ros Tapestry Project is a major community arts and history project centered on the town of New Ross in County Wexford, Ireland. The project is dedicated to producing a tapestry in fifteen panels which tells the story of the coming of the Normans to Ireland in the 12th century and the foundation of the port and town of New Ross at the beginning of the 13th century. Each tapestry panel is approximately four and a half feet deep (1.5m) by six feet (1.8m) wide and tells of a unique aspect of the epic story. Six panels were finished for an Exhibition in 2007 and a further nine panels are now (2020) completed.

New Ross
New Ross (Irish: Ros Mhic Thriúin, formerly Ros Mhic Treoin) is a town in southwest County Wexford, Ireland, on the River Barrow on the border with County Kilkenny, 20 kilometres (12 mi) northeast of Waterford. In 2022, it had a population of 8,610, making it the fourth-largest town in the county.
Tragiscoschema
Tragiscoschema is a genus of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae, containing the following species:

Tragiscoschema amabile (Perroud, 1855)

Tragiscoschema bertolonii (Thomson, 1857)

Tragiscoschema cor-flavum Fiedler, 1939

Tragiscoschema elegantissimum Breuning, 1934

Tragiscoschema holdhausi Itzinger, 1934

Tragiscoschema inermis Aurivillius, 1908

Tragiscoschema nigroscriptum (Fairmaire, 1897)

Tragiscoschema nigroscriptum
Tragiscoschema nigroscriptum is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Léon Fairmaire in 1897.

Its type locality is Tabora, Tanzania.

It is a minor pest of the cotton plant in Tanzania.
Alice Silverberg
Alice Silverberg (born 1958) is professor of Mathematics and Computer Science at the University of California, Irvine. She was faculty at the Ohio State University from 1984 through 2004.  She has given over 300 lectures at universities around the world, and she has brought attention to issues of sexism and discrimination through her blog Alice's Adventures in Numberland.

Association for Women in Mathematics
The Association for Women in Mathematics (AWM) is a professional society whose mission is to encourage women and girls to study and to have active careers in the mathematical sciences, and to promote equal opportunity for and the equal treatment of women and girls in the mathematical sciences. The AWM was founded in 1971 and incorporated in the state of Massachusetts.  AWM has approximately 5200 members, including over 250 institutional members, such as colleges, universities, institutes, and mathematical societies.  It offers numerous programs and workshops to mentor women and girls in the mathematical sciences.  Much of AWM's work is supported through federal grants.
Kollam International Hockey Stadium
The International Synthetic Turf Hockey Stadium is a hockey stadium situated at the city of Kollam, first of its kind in Kerala state, with a nominal capacity of around 5,000 seats.

The stadium is located at an area which was formerly known as Depot Maidan within the Asramam Government property complex, less than 700 meters from the Chinnakada traffic circle. The Depot Maidan lies on the way to the Yatri Nivas Hotel from Chinnakada and was serving as a timber depot of the Forest Department before.

The International Hockey Stadium in Kollam can host international hockey matches along the likes of New Delhi, Bangalore, Patiala and Ranchi. The stadium has picturesque surroundings with Ashtamudi Lake amidst much greenery. National Games Secretariat was overseeing the works of the stadium as part of National Games-2015.

Bangalore Hockey Stadium
Bangalore Hockey Stadium, also known as KSHA Hockey Stadium, is a field hockey stadium at Akkithimmanahalli, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. It is the home ground of the Karnataka Lions of the World Series Hockey. It has a seating capacity of 7,000 people.

The stadium hosted seven home matches of Karnataka Lions in World Series Hockey. It will also host the first semi-final of World Series Hockey in 2012.
Nanbu dialect
The Nanbu (or Nambu) dialect (Japanese: 南部弁 nanbu-ben) is a Japanese dialect spoken in an area corresponding to the former domains of Morioka and Hachinohe in northern Tohoku, governed by the Nanbu clan during the Edo period. It is classified as a Northern Tohoku dialect of the wider Tohoku dialect group.

The Nanbu dialect is spoken across an expansive area covering the eastern half of Aomori Prefecture, the northern and central parts of Iwate Prefecture and the northwestern corner of Akita Prefecture. There is considerable regional variation, owed to factors such as varying degrees of contact with other areas per region, usually dictated by natural barriers and proximity to busy ports. On account of its widespread area, definitions of the ‘Nanbu dialect’ can vary depending on prefecture and speaker, with narrower definitions referring only to the local variety as opposed to the dialect as a whole.

Hachinohe Domain
Hachinohe Domain (八戸藩, Hachinohe-han) was a tozama feudal domain of Edo period Japan   It is located in Mutsu Province, in northern Honshū. The domain was centered at Hachinohe Castle, located in the center of what is now the city of Hachinohe in Aomori Prefecture.
Černý
Černý (Czech pronunciation: [ˈtʃɛrniː]; feminine: Černá) is a Czech language surname, which means 'black'.

Cognate surnames in other Slavic-speaking countries include Čierny in Slovak, Czarny in Polish and Chyorny (Чёрный) in Russian. There also exist anglicised, germanised and polonised forms (Cherny, Tscherny, or Czerny, respectively). Related surnames include Černík, Chernenko and Chernov.

Notable people with the surname include:

Černík (surname)
Černík (feminine: Černíková) in a Czech surname, derived from černý, i.e. 'black'. Surnames derived from the name of this colour usually referred to the wearer's appearance (dark hair, dark skin, etc.). Notable people with the surname include:

František Černík (born 1953), Czech ice hockey player

František Černík (water polo) (1900–1982), Czech water polo player

Martin Černík (born 1976), Czech snowboarder

Oldřich Černík (1921–1994), Czech politician, Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia in 1968–1970

Vladimír Černík (1917–2002), Czech tennis player
Dutch manure crisis
The Dutch manure crisis (Dutch: mestcrisis) is an anticipated surge in the surplus of manure in the Netherlands. It is mainly caused by the phasing out of an exemption to the European Union's Nitrates Directive in the years 2023–2025. Because of this manure derogation, Dutch farmers had been allowed to exceed a limit on organic fertilization, intended to protect water resources from nutrient pollution, since 2006.

Due to its expiration, mainly dairy farmers would no longer be able to use all the manure produced to fertilize their lands, resulting in an anticipated yearly surplus of 95 kilotonnes (210×10^6 lb) of nitrogen in 2026.

Manure
Manure is organic matter that is used as organic fertilizer in agriculture. Most manure consists of animal feces; other sources include compost and green manure. Manures contribute to the fertility of soil by adding organic matter and nutrients, such as nitrogen, that are utilised by bacteria, fungi, and other organisms in the soil. Higher organisms then feed on the fungi and bacteria in a chain of life that comprises the soil food web.
Uitenhage
Uitenhage (/ˈjuːtənheɪɡ/ YOO-tən-hayg; Afrikaans: [œitənˈɦɑːχə]), officially renamed Kariega, is a South African town in the Eastern Cape Province. It is well known for the Volkswagen factory located there, which is the biggest car factory on the African continent. Along with the city of Port Elizabeth and the small town of Despatch, it forms part of the Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality.

Chacma baboon
The chacma baboon (Papio ursinus), also known as the Cape baboon, is, like all other baboons, from the Old World monkey family. It is one of the largest of all monkeys. Located primarily in southern Africa, the chacma baboon has a wide variety of social behaviours, including a dominance hierarchy, collective foraging, adoption of young by females, and friendship pairings. These behaviors form parts of a complex evolutionary ecology. In general, the species is not threatened, but human population pressure has increased contact between humans and baboons. Hunting, trapping, and accidents kill or remove many baboons from the wild, thereby reducing baboon numbers and disrupting their social structure.
Nesbrygga
Nesbrygga or Nesbryggen is a village in Færder Municipality in Vestfold county, Norway. The village is located on the eastern coast of the island of Nøtterøy. The village lies about 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) to the north of the village of Duken, about 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) to the east of the village of Borgheim, and just across the narrow strait to the island of Føynland.

The village of Nesbrygga and the surrounding countryside has a population (in 2023) of 983. It is considered to be part of the urban city of Tønsberg metropolitan area which includes the central city area plus the northern and eastern parts of the island of Nøtterøy.

Nøtterøy (island)
Nøtterøy is the largest island in Vestfold county, Norway. The 44-square-kilometre (17 sq mi) island is mostly located in Færder Municipality, but a small area on the far northern shore belongs to Tønsberg Municipality. The island is between the Ytre Oslofjord (to the east) and the Tønsbergfjorden (to the west). Most of the northern part of the island is considered part of the city of Tønsberg metropolitan area which spans parts of Tønsberg and Færder municipalities. In the southern part of the island, there are three larger urban villages: Glomstein on the west coast, Kjøpmannskjær on the south coast, and Årøysund on the east coast. Historically, the island was part of the old Nøtterøy Municipality which existed from 1838 until 1 January 2018 when it became part of Færder Municipality.
White Cloud Peak 10
White Cloud Peak 10, also known as WCP 10, at 11,102 feet (3,384 m) above sea level is an unofficially named peak in the White Cloud Mountains of Idaho. The peak is located in Sawtooth National Recreation Area in Custer County 0.53 mi (0.85 km) south of Calkins Peak, its line parent. It is the 89th highest peak in Idaho. Sheep Lake is directly south of the peak, and Tin Cup Lake is directly north of the peak.

White Cloud Mountains
The White Cloud Mountains are part of the Rocky Mountains of the western United States, located in central Idaho, southeast of Stanley in Custer County. The range is located within the Sawtooth National Recreation Area (SNRA) and partially within the Cecil D. Andrus–White Clouds Wilderness.

The White Cloud Mountains are located on National Forest land, with numerous trails in the area. Camping is permitted anywhere on the national forest land and there are no fees to access the area. Primary access to the area is via State Highway 75, the Salmon River Scenic Byway, which accompanies the main Salmon River as it descends along the range's western and northern perimeter.

The highest peak in the White Cloud Mountains, and the SNRA, is Castle Peak at 11,815 ft (3,601 m). The Sawtooth Mountains are about twenty miles (32 km) west of the White Clouds, on the west side of the river and highway, and the Boulder Mountains are directly south of the White Clouds.
Sauce Robert
Sauce Robert (French pronunciation: [sos ʁɔbɛʁ]) is a brown mustard sauce and one of the small sauces, or compound sauces, derived from the classic French demi-glace, which in turn is derived from espagnole sauce, one of the five mother sauces in French cuisine (béchamel, velouté, espagnole, sauce tomate, and hollandaise).

Sauce Robert is made from chopped onions cooked in butter without color, a reduction of white wine, pepper, an addition of demi-glace and is finished with mustard.

It is suited to red meat, specifically pork, typically grilled pork.

French mother sauces
In French cuisine, the mother sauces (French: sauces mères, pronounced [sos mɛʁ]), also known as grandes sauces (pronounced [ɡʁɑ̃d sos]) in French, are a group of sauces upon which many other sauces – "daughter sauces" or petites sauces – are based. Different classifications of mother sauces have been proposed since at least the early 19th century.
Ecozones of Canada
Canada has 20 major ecosystems—ecozones, comprising 15 terrestrial units and 5 marine units. These ecozones are further subdivided into 53 ecoprovinces, 194 ecoregions, and 1,027 ecodistricts. These form the country's  ecological land classification within the Ecological Land Classification framework adopted in 2017. They represent areas of the Earth's surface representative of large and very generalized ecological units characterized by interactive and adjusting biotic and abiotic factors.

Commission for Environmental Cooperation
The Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC; Spanish: Comisión para la Cooperación Ambiental; French: Commission de coopération environnementale) is an intergovernmental organization established by Canada, Mexico, and the United States to implement the North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (NAAEC), the environmental side accord to the North American Free Trade Agreement. The CEC's mission is to facilitate cooperation and public participation to foster conservation, protection and enhancement of the North American environment for the benefit of present and future generations, in the context of increasing economic, trade and social connections among Canada, Mexico and the United States.

In January 2026, United States President Donald Trump announced that the United States would withdraw from the CEC.
Oates Building
The Oates Building (former home of the Oates-Corley Furniture Company) is a historic site in Lakeland, Florida, United States. It was designed by architect Edward Columbus Hosford in the Mission Revival and Spanish Colonial Revival styles.

The Oates Building is located at 230 South Florida Avenue. On July 28, 1995, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

Edward Columbus Hosford
Edward Columbus Hosford, also known as Edward C. Hosford and E. C.  Hosford, (April 24, 1883 – January 2, 1939) was an American architect noted for the  courthouses and other buildings that he  designed in Florida, Georgia and Texas.