hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nikolai Titov
Nikolai Alexeyevich Titov (Russian: Николай Алексеевич Титов; 10 May 1800 in St. Petersburg – 22 December 1875 in St. Petersburg) was a Russian composer, violinist, and Major General in various regiments during the 19th century. He is considered to be the "Grandfather of the Russian Romance." His compositional style was considered to be in the pre-classical orientation, thus setting the groundwork for the developments by Glinka and his contemporaries. He is considered to be one of the most popular romance composers of the 19th century. His songs were praised for their homely sensibility and ruminative harmonic language, albeit encased in simple yet effect forms that appealed to the at-home Amateurs and seasons musicians alike. His repertoire can still be heard today.

Pavlovsk, Saint Petersburg
Pavlovsk (Russian: Па́вловск "[the town] of Pavel" after Emperor Pavel (Paul) of Russia) is a municipal town in Pushkinsky District in the suburban part of the federal city of Saint Petersburg, Russia, located 30 kilometers (19 mi) south from Saint Petersburg proper and about 4 kilometers (2.5 mi) southeast from Pushkin. Population: 16,087 (2010 census). Known since the late 18th century, when Saint Petersburg was the capital of Russian Empire, as a countryside residence of Russian royal family commissioned creation of the town's landmark -palace with a large park, now parts of its federal museum reserve.

The town developed around the Pavlovsk Palace, a major residence of the Russian imperial family. Between 1918 and 1944, its official name was Slutsk, after the revolutionary Vera Slutskaya, and then was changed back to Pavlovsk. Pavlovsk is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site "Historic Centre of Saint Petersburg and Related Groups of Monuments".
Steven D. Waldman
Steven D. Waldman is a pain management specialist, author and a pioneer in the specialty of interventional pain management. He holds an academic appointment as Professor of Anesthesiology at Kansas City University where he currently serves as Senior Vice Provost of Strategic Initiatives.

University of Missouri–Kansas City
The University of Missouri–Kansas City (UMKC or Kansas City) is a public research university in Kansas City, Missouri, United States. UMKC is part of the University of Missouri System and includes a medical school and a law school. For the 2023-2024 academic year, the university's enrollment was over 15,300 students. It is the largest university in the Kansas City metropolitan area and ranks among the top three by enrollment among all postsecondary institutions in the metro, including community colleges. It offers more than 125 degree programs over 12 academic units. UMKC now holds a Carnegie “R1: Very High Research Activity” designation, making it the only R1 university in Kansas City. UMKC is also home to the School of Dentistry, Missouri’s only public dental school.
Pnina
Pnina (Hebrew: פְּנִינָּה or פְּנִנָּה) is a Jewish feminine given name, meaning "pearl" in Hebrew. Alternative spellings include Peninnah, Penina, and Peninah.

Names of similar origin include Margalit, Pearl, as well as  names Perl/Perla/Perle/Perel: פרל, פרעל.

Besides the biblical figure Peninnah, notable people with the name include:

Penina Axelrad, American aerospace engineer

Penina Davidson (born 1995), New Zealand basketball player

Pnina Gary (1927–2023), Israeli actress and director

Pnina Granirer (born 1935), Romanian-Canadian artist

Pnina Herzog (1925/6–2005), Israeli pharmacist

Pnina Moed Kass (born 1938), Belgian-Israeli artist

Penina Moïse (1797–1880), American poet

Pnina Rosenblum (born 1954), Israeli businesswoman and politician

Pnina Salzman (1922–2006), Israeli pianist

Pnina Tamano-Shata (born 1981), Israeli politician

Pnina Tornai (born 1962), Israeli fashion designer

Pnina Werbner (1944–2023), British anthropologist

Pearl (given name)
Pearl is a unisex given name derived from the English word pearl, a hard, roundish object produced within the soft tissue of a living, shelled mollusk. Pearls are commonly used in jewelry-making. The name has a history of usage among Jews. Pearl is used as an Anglicization of the Yiddish name Perle. Pearl is also a common Jewish surname. Usage of the name for girls may also have been inspired by the name Margaret, which means "pearl". Pearl came into wider popular use in the Anglosphere along with other gemstone names used for girls during the late Victorian Era.
Campbelltown and Camden Hospitals
Camden and Campbelltown Hospitals are New South Wales public hospitals servicing the Macarthur region in South West Sydney. Camden and Campbelltown hospitals operate under a single, common executive management structure, with services delivered across both hospitals.

Western Sydney University
Western Sydney University, formerly the University of Western Sydney, is an Australian multi-campus public research university in the Greater Western region of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

The university in its current form was founded in 1989 as a federated network university with an amalgamation between the Nepean College of Advanced Education and the Hawkesbury Agricultural College. The Macarthur Institute of Higher Education was incorporated in the university in 1989. In 2001, the University of Western Sydney was restructured as a single multi-campus university rather than as a federation. In 2015, the university underwent a rebranding which resulted in a change in name from the University of Western Sydney to Western Sydney University. It is a provider of undergraduate, postgraduate, and higher research degrees with campuses in Bankstown, Blacktown, Campbelltown, Hawkesbury, Liverpool, Parramatta, Penrith, and Surabaya.
Aldringham cum Thorpe
Aldringham cum Thorpe is a civil parish in the East Suffolk district of Suffolk, England. Located south of the town of Leiston, the parish includes the villages of Aldringham and Thorpeness, which is on the coast, between Sizewell (north) and Aldeburgh (south). In 2007 it had an estimated population of 700, rising to 759 at the 2011 Census.

Leiston
Leiston (/ˈleɪstən/ LAY-stən) is a town and civil parish in the East Suffolk district of Suffolk, England. It is close to Saxmundham and Aldeburgh, 21 miles (34 km) north-east of Ipswich and 90 miles (145 km) north-east of London. The town had a population of 5,508 at the 2011 Census.
Trifonov Point
Trifonov Point (Bulgarian: Трифонов нос, ‘Trifonov Nos’ \'tri-fo-nov 'nos\) is the rocky northeast entrance point of Zlatni Pyasatsi Cove on the southeast coast of Elephant Island, South Shetland Islands in Antarctica. The feature is “named after Captain Hristo Trifonov, commander of the Bulgarian ocean fishing trawlers Rotalia and Aktinia during their fishing trips to Antarctic waters off South Georgia from December 1983 to August 1984 and from December 1984 to July 1985 respectively. The Bulgarian fishermen, along with those of the Soviet Union, Poland and East Germany are the pioneers of modern Antarctic fishing industry.”

Elephant Island
Elephant Island is an ice-covered, mountainous island off the coast of Antarctica in the outer reaches of the South Shetland Islands, in the Southern Ocean. The island is situated 245 kilometres (152 miles) north-northeast of the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula, 1,253 kilometres (779 miles) west-southwest of South Georgia, 935 kilometres (581 miles) south of the Falkland Islands, and 885 kilometres (550 miles) southeast of Cape Horn. It is within the Antarctic claims of Argentina, Chile and the United Kingdom.

The Brazilian Antarctic Program maintains a shelter on the island, Goeldi, and formerly had another (Wiltgen) supporting the work of up to six researchers each during the summer. Wiltgen was dismantled in the summers of 1997 and 1998.
Great Northern class P-2
The Great Northern P-2 was a class of 28 4-8-2 "Mountain" type steam locomotives built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works in 1923 and operated by the Great Northern Railway until the late 1950s.

The locomotives were built as passenger locomotives and the class had the honor of pulling the first Empire Builder train.

Today, two P-2s survive, No. 2507 is on display in Wishram, WA and No. 2523 is on display in Willmar, MN.

Baldwin Locomotive Works
The Baldwin Locomotive Works (BLW) was an American manufacturer of railway locomotives from 1825 to 1951. Originally located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, it moved to nearby Eddystone in the early 20th century. The company was for decades the world's largest producer of steam locomotives, but struggled to compete when demand switched to diesel locomotives. Baldwin produced the last of its 70,000-plus locomotives in 1951, before merging with the Lima-Hamilton Corporation on September 11, 1951, to form the Baldwin-Lima-Hamilton Corporation.

The company has no relation to the E.M. Baldwin and Sons of New South Wales, Australia, a builder of small diesel locomotives for sugar cane railroads.
Arne Semb-Johansson
Arne Semb-Johansson (20 September 1919 – 22 February 2001) was a Norwegian zoologist. He was born in Kristiania. He chaired the Norwegian Entomological Society from 1950 to 1953. He was assigned as a professor of zoology at the University of Oslo from 1959. Among his early works were studies of the nervous system and endocrine system of insects. He edited the six volume encyclopedia Cappelens Dyreleksikon, published 1979–1981. He was decorated Knight, First Class of the Order of St. Olav in 1987.

During the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany he was a central member of Milorg, being a courier for leader Jens Christian Hauge. He was a member of the board of Norway's Resistance Museum from 1973. In 1995, he published the book Fem år for fred og frihet med Milorg 1940–1945.

Jens Christian Hauge
Jens Christian Hauge (15 May 1915 – 30 October 2006) was a Norwegian lawyer and leader in the World War II resistance—and one of the two incumbent Milorg Council members in May 1945. He served as Minister of Defence from 1945-1952 and Minister of Justice from January to November 1955.

After 1955 he never held political office, but "continued to exert influence on political processes—sometimes openly", and sometimes less so.

He is also controversial, and has been criticised for not giving more information regarding central parts of the Milorg activities, such as assassinations of Norwegian collaborators.
Virginia Secession Convention of 1861
The Virginia Secession Convention of 1861 was called in the state capital of Richmond to determine whether Virginia would secede from the United States, govern the state during a state of emergency, and write a new Constitution for Virginia, which was subsequently voted down in a referendum under the Confederate Government.

Richmond, Virginia, in the American Civil War
Richmond, Virginia, served as the capital of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War from May 1861 to April 1865. Besides its political status, it was a vital source of weapons and supplies for the war effort, as well as the terminus of five railroads; as such, it would have been defended by the Confederate States Army at all costs.

The Union made many attempts to invade Richmond. In the Peninsula Campaign of 1862, General George McClellan moved up the James River, almost to the suburbs of the city, but was beaten back by Robert E. Lee in the Seven Days Battles. In 1864–65, General Ulysses S. Grant laid siege to nearby Petersburg. By April 1865, the Confederate government realized the siege was almost over and abandoned the city lest they be captured. The retreating Confederates chose to burn military supplies rather than let them fall into Union hands; the resulting fire destroyed much of central Richmond.
Mahates
Mahates is a river town and municipality located in the Bolívar Department, northern Colombia. The town of Mahates was founded on April 17, 1533 by Spanish conquistador Pedro de Heredia.

The municipality of Mahates also covers the village of Palenque de San Basilio, inhabited mainly by Afro-Colombians which are direct descendants of African slaves brought by the Spanish during the Colonization of the Americas and have preserved their ancestral traditions. In 2005 the Palenque de San Basilio village was proclaimed Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO.

Arjona, Bolívar
Arjona is a town and municipality located in the Bolívar Department, northern Colombia, about 30 km southeast of Cartagena de Indias.

Its primary activity is farming and producing the main recognized product, called Bollo by native people from there.
Cylinder head porting
Cylinder head porting refers to the process of modifying the intake and exhaust ports of an internal combustion engine to improve their air flow. Cylinder heads, as manufactured, are usually suboptimal for racing applications due to being designed for maximum durability. Ports can be modified for maximum power, minimum fuel consumption, or a combination of the two, and the power delivery characteristics can be changed to suit a particular application.

Cylinder head
In a piston engine, the cylinder head sits above the cylinders, forming the roof of the combustion chamber. In sidevalve engines the head is a simple plate of metal containing the spark plugs and possibly heat dissipation fins. In more modern overhead valve and overhead camshaft engines, the head is a more complicated metal block that also contains the inlet and exhaust passages, and often coolant passages, valvetrain components, and  fuel injectors.
Mick Commaille
John McIllwaine Moore "Mick" Commaille (born 21 February 1883 in Cape Town, Cape Province, died 28 July 1956 in Sea Point, Cape Province) was a South African cricketer who played in 12 Tests from 1909–10 to 1927–28. He also played international amateur football for South Africa.

Commaille had a very long cricket career as a right-handed opening batsman, first appearing for Western Province in 1905–06 and not making his final first-class appearance until 1930–31, when he was playing for Griqualand West.

Cape Province
The Province of the Cape of Good Hope (Afrikaans: Provinsie Kaap die Goeie Hoop), commonly referred to as "the Cape Province" (Afrikaans: Kaapprovinsie) and colloquially as "The Cape" (Afrikaans: Die Kaap), was a province in the Union of South Africa and subsequently the Republic of South Africa. It encompassed the old Cape Colony, as well as Walvis Bay, and had Cape Town as its capital. In 1994, the Cape Province was divided into the new Eastern Cape, Northern Cape and Western Cape provinces, along with part of the North West.
Kasparov versus the World
Kasparov versus the World was a game of chess played in 1999 over the Internet.  It was a consultation game, in which a World Team of thousands decided each move for the black pieces by plurality vote, while Garry Kasparov conducted the white pieces by himself. More than 50,000 people from over 75 countries participated in the game.

The host and promoter of the match was the MSN Gaming Zone, with sponsorship from First USA bank. After 62 moves played over four months, Kasparov won the game.  The game produced a mixture of deep tactical and strategic ideas; Kasparov wrote that he had never expended as much effort on any other game in his life. He later said, "It is the greatest game in the history of chess. The sheer number of ideas, the complexity, and the contribution it has made to chess make it the most important game ever played."

Chess annotation symbols
When annotating chess games, commentators frequently use widely recognized annotation symbols. Question marks and exclamation points that denote a move as bad or good are ubiquitous in chess literature. Some publications intended for an international audience, such as the Chess Informant, have a wide range of additional symbols that transcend language barriers.

The common symbols for evaluating the merits of a move are "??", "?", "?!", "!?", "!", and "!!". The chosen symbol is appended to the text describing the move (e.g. Re7? or Kh1!?); see Algebraic chess notation.

Use of these annotation symbols is subjective, as different annotators use the same symbols differently or for a different reason.
Waitotara School
Waitotara School is a small state primary school situated in the rural village of Waitōtara, located between Whanganui and Hāwera, New Zealand, on State Highway 3.

The school sits on the banks of the Waitōtara River, 47 km south of Ngamatapouri, and was fully refurbished after devastating floods in 2004. These floods destroyed much of the interior of the school buildings as well as furniture and equipment, while many homes in the small community of Waitōtara were also badly damaged.

Waitōtara
Waitōtara is a town in South Taranaki, New Zealand. Waverley is 10 km to the north-west, and Whanganui is 34 km to the south-east. State Highway 3 passes through it. The Waitōtara River flows past the east side of the town.

More than 30 homes were evacuated during flooding in February 2004.

A local freezing works is a major employer.

In April 2025 the 104-year old Waitotara Hotel, which was also used as a grocery story and postal centre, was devastated by a fire.
Callanan Cup
The Callanan Cup was a leading greyhound racing competition held annually at Harold's Cross Stadium in the city district of Harold's Cross, Dublin, Ireland.

It was inaugurated after the Second World War and was used by many leading connections as a warm up competition to the Irish Greyhound Derby.

It was a major competition and was an integral part of the Irish greyhound racing calendar and was set up in memory of Arthur 'Doc' Callanan after he died in October 1945. Callanan was the original veterinary surgeon at the Dublin track when it opened in 1928 and he saved the lives of Mick the Miller in 1928 and Creamery Border in 1932. The race was called the Callanan Memorial Cup from 1970-1981 after which it was discontinued.

Irish Greyhound Derby
The Irish Greyhound Derby held at Shelbourne Park, is the premier greyhound racing competition in Ireland.

First held at Harold's Cross in 1928, the event was unofficial until 1932 and called the National Derby. The first winner in 1928 was Tipperary Hills who won in a time of 30.56 sec at a starting price of 1-1f.

It controversially switched to Shelbourne Park in 1932 and then it was held in alternate years between the two tracks.

The defunct Markets Field Greyhound Stadium in Limerick and the defunct Cork Greyhound Stadium in Western Road both hosted the event once in 1939 and 1942 respectively. The 1969 Irish Greyhound Derby was the last renewal held at Harold's Cross and the competition remained at Shelbourne Park from 1970. The most successful greyhound has been Spanish Battleship who won the event three times.

Today it is considered to be one of the two biggest races in the calendar by the UK & Ireland greyhound racing industries, alongside the English Greyhound Derby.
Cut (gems)
A gemstone desired to be used in jewelry is cut, carved or made into a bead. The best quality rough is cut, also often referred to as faceting. This is done by a lapidary who decides how to reshape the gemstone using knowledge of the refractive index of gemstones to maximise any particular crystal's colour or play of light. As a general rule, a cut gemstone will be reduced in mass (in carats) by about 50%.

Among the several techniques used to work with gemstones are sawing, grinding, sanding, lapping, polishing, grilling, and tumbling. The diamond cut planning stage is a complex process that requires the cutter to work with unique rough stones. Very often, the location of the inclusions in a rough stone will determine the type of shape to which a diamond may be cut. For economic reasons, most diamonds are cut to retain weight instead of maximizing brilliance. How diamonds have been cut has evolved over time largely to technological advances.

Brilliant (gemstone cut)
A brilliant is a diamond or other gemstone cut in a particular form with 57-58 facets so as to have exceptional brilliance. The word 'brilliant' is also used for a diamond cut in this fashion. The underside is conical, a shape that provides maximal light return through the top of the diamond.
Even with modern techniques, the cutting and polishing of a diamond crystal always results in a dramatic loss of weight; rarely is this loss less than 50%. The round brilliant cut is preferred when the crystal is an octahedron, as often two stones may be cut from one such crystal. Oddly-shaped crystals such as macles are more likely to be cut in a fancy cut—that is, a cut other than the round brilliant—which the particular crystal shape lends itself to.
Degimai, Krakės
Degimai ('burnt places') is a village in Kėdainiai district municipality, in Kaunas County, in central Lithuania. According to the 2011 census, the village was uninhabited. It is located 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) from Guptilčiai, in the Lapkalnys-Paliepiai Forest.

Lapkalnys–Paliepiai Forest
The Lapkalnys–Paliepiai Forest (Lithuanian: Lapkalnio–Paliepių miškai) is a forest in Kėdainiai District Municipality and Raseiniai District Municipality, central Lithuania, located 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) to the north east from Ariogala. Covering an area of 3,710 hectares (9,200 acres), it consists of smaller forests: Juodžiai Forest, Lapkalnys Forest, Paliepiai Forest, Pašušvys Forest, Šilainiai Forest. It is on the watershed of the Dubysa (Gynėvė with Lendė and Upytė) and Nevėžis (Pečiupė, Ažytė, Ažynas, Raguva, Skerdūmė) rivers.

As of 2005, 48% of the area was covered by birch, 30% by spruce, 8% by aspen, 5% by ash, 3% by oak, 4% by black alder, 1% by white alder, 1% by pine, 1% by lime tree groups. There is the Zembiškis Forest Botanical Sanctuary in the forest.

Lapkalnys, Skirgailinė, Zembiškis, Paskerdūmiukas, Šulcava, Graužai, Tilindžiai, Paliepiai, Žostautai, Juodžiai, Šliužiai, Daujotėliai and Paliepiukai villages are inside the forest or on its edges.
Vineeta Singh
Vineeta Singh (born 1983) is an Indian entrepreneur and CEO, co-founder of Sugar Cosmetics. She has been a Shark (i.e. judge/investor) on the business reality TV show Shark Tank India since the show started airing on SonyLIV in 2021.

Businessworld
BW Businessworld is an Indian business magazine owned by media entrepreneur Anurag Batra. The magazine was published by ABP Group, whose most prominent publications are The Telegraph, Anandabazar Patrika, Sananda, Anandamela and others.  On 19 September 2013 ABP Group owners Ananda Publishers sold Businessworld to Anurag Batra, owner of media group exchange4media, and Vikram Jhunjhunwala, who runs investment banking and asset management firm Shrine Capital for an undisclosed amount.

Businessworld magazine was founded by ABP group in 1981. In 2021, the publication was in news for unpaid news to its editorial staff.

Annurag Batra is the chairman and editor in chief of Businessworld and Exchange4media and also a member of the board of governors of the Management Development Institute (MDI).