hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lipid-based nanoparticle
Lipid-based nanoparticles are very small spherical particles composed of lipids.  They are a novel pharmaceutical drug delivery system (part of nanoparticle drug delivery), and a novel pharmaceutical formulation.  There are many subclasses of lipid-based nanoparticles such as: lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs).

Sometimes the term "LNP" describes all lipid-based nanoparticles. In specific applications, LNPs describe a specific type of lipid-based nanoparticle, such as the LNPs used for the mRNA vaccine.

Using LNPs for drug delivery was first approved in 2018 for the siRNA drug Onpattro. LNPs became more widely known late in 2020, as some COVID-19 vaccines that use RNA vaccine technology coat the fragile mRNA strands with PEGylated lipid nanoparticles as their delivery vehicle (including both the Moderna and the Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccines).

Nanometre
The nanometre (international spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: nm), or nanometer (American spelling), is a unit of length in the International System of Units (SI), equal to one billionth (short scale) or one thousand millionth (long scale) of a metre (0.000000001 m) and to 1000 picometres. One nanometre can be expressed in scientific notation as 1 × 10−9 m and as ⁠1/1000000000⁠ m.
USS Sharps
USS Sharps (AG-139/AKL-10) was a Camano-class cargo ship constructed for the U.S. Army as USA FS-385 shortly before the end of  World War II and later acquired by the U.S. Navy in 1947. She was configured as a transport and cargo ship and was assigned to serve the World War II Trust Territories in the Pacific Ocean. She later served with distinction in the Korean War.

Camano-class cargo ship
The Camano class was a class of light cargo ships of the United States Navy. The fifteen ships of the class were originally built as Design 381 coastal freighters or Design 427 coastal freighters and were converted to light cargo ships during 1949 and 1950 after acquisition by the United States Navy.
1973 Grantland Rice Bowl
The 1973 Grantland Rice Bowl was an NCAA Division II game following the 1973 season, between the Grambling Tigers (now the Grambling State Tigers) and the Western Kentucky Hilltoppers. This was the first year that the game served as a national semifinal for Division II – in prior years it had been the Mideast regional championship for the College Division. This was the last time that the game was played at BREC Memorial Stadium.

Grantland Rice Bowl
The Grantland Rice Bowl was an annual college football bowl game held from 1964 through 1977. The game originated as an NCAA College Division regional final, then became a playoff game for Division II. It was named in honor of Grantland Rice, an early 20th-century American sportswriter known for his elegant prose, and was originally played in his hometown of Murfreesboro, Tennessee.
Freddie Burns
Freddie Spencer Burns (born 13 May 1990) is an English professional rugby union player who plays fly-half for CS Dinamo București. Burns played over 100 times for Gloucester between 2007 and 2014, and over 100 times for Leicester Tigers across two spells, he also represented Bath in Premiership Rugby.  He has also played for Toyota Industries Shuttles in Japan.  Burns played five times for England between 2012 and 2014, including beating the All Blacks in 2012. In June 2022, he kicked the winning drop goal in the final minute of the Premiership final for Leicester against Saracens.

Burns joined the Highlanders (New Zealand) in Super Rugby from February 2023.

2021–22 Premiership Rugby
The 2021–22 Premiership Rugby was the 35th season of the top flight of English domestic rugby union competition and the fourth to be sponsored by Gallagher. It is also the first since 1992–93 to feature thirteen teams. The competition was broadcast by BT Sport for the ninth successive season with four league season games and the final also simulcast free-to-air on ITV. Highlights of each weekend's games were shown on ITV with extended highlights on BT Sport.

The reigning champions entering the season were Harlequins who claimed their 2nd title after defeating Exeter Chiefs in the 2021 final. Saracens were promoted as champions from the 2020–21 RFU Championship at the first attempt.

Due to changes to the global rugby calendar implemented in 2020 and the COVID-19 pandemic causing a moratorium to be placed on relegation last season, the tournament features thirteen teams and will include an extra four rounds. The season would take place over 40 weeks.
Letitia Obeng
Letitia Eva Takyibea Obeng FGA (10 January 1925 – 23 March 2023) was the first Ghanaian woman to obtain a degree in zoology and the first to be awarded a doctorate. She is described as "the grandmother of female scientists in Ghana".

Lake Volta
Lake Volta (French: Lac Volta), the largest artificial reservoir in the world based on surface area, is contained behind the Akosombo Dam which generates a substantial amount of Ghana's electricity. It is completely within the country of Ghana and has a surface area of 8,502 square kilometres (3,283 sq mi). It extends from Akosombo in the south to the northern part of the country.
Arcadia Management Area
The Arcadia Management Area is a protected area in Richmond, Exeter, Hopkinton, and West Greenwich, Rhode Island. With an area of 14,000 acres, it is the state's largest recreational area. AMA is home to an extensive network of logging roads and single track trails - ideal for picnicking, hiking, running, mountain biking, fishing, horseback riding, and boating. During the winter some of the roads going through the forest close and are only accessible by foot traffic. In 2011, part of the film Moonrise Kingdom was filmed at the park. The former Pine Top Ski Area on Escoheag Hill is located within Arcadia.

Exeter, Rhode Island
Exeter is a town in Washington County, Rhode Island, United States. Exeter extends east from the Connecticut border to the town of North Kingstown. It is bordered to the north by West Greenwich and East Greenwich, and to the south by Hopkinton, Richmond, and South Kingstown. Exeter's postal code is 02822, although small parts of the town have the mailing address West Kingston (02892) or Saunderstown (02874). The population was 6,460 at the 2020 census.
Marmot Island
Marmot Island is an island of the Kodiak Archipelago in the Gulf of Alaska in the U.S. state of Alaska. It is part of Kodiak Island Borough and lies east of Afognak Island. The island has a land area of 45.196 km2 (17.45 sq mi) and is unpopulated.

Land Ownership
Tonki Peninsula and most of the Seal Bay drainage are state owned and administered by Alaska State Parks. Marmot Island is mostly state land with one small parcel of private land on the west side. The remainder of the unit is owned by Afognak Native Corporation, Ouzinkie Native Corporation.

Afognak Island
Afognak Island (Alutiiq: Agw’aneq; Russian: Афогнак) is an island in the Kodiak Archipelago 5 km (3.1 mi) north of Kodiak Island in the U.S. state of Alaska.  It is 43 miles (69 km) long from east to west and 23 miles (37 km) wide from north to south and has a land area of 1,812.58 km2 (699.84 sq mi), making it the 18th largest island in the United States.  The coast is split by many long, narrow bays. The highest point is 2,546 feet (776 m).

The dense spruce forests of Afognak Island are home to Kodiak bears, Roosevelt elk, and Sitka black-tailed deer. Many people visit the island recreationally for hunting and fishing.
Scapular of Our Lady of Walsingham
The Scapular of Our Lady of Walsingham is an Anglican devotional scapular associated with those who venerate Our Lady of Walsingham.

This Anglican devotional scapular was most likely developed independently, although it may be historically related to the Theatine Blue Scapular.

In some cells of the Society of Our Lady of Walsingham, Christians who complete their investiture receive this sacramental. Although the Society of Our Lady of Walsingham and the Associates is Anglican, it is ecumenical in its outlook and thus allows any baptized Christian to join its ranks.

Blue Scapular of the Immaculate Conception
The Blue Scapular of the Immaculate Conception (most known as simply Blue Scapular) is a devotional scapular that traces its roots to Venerable Ursula Benincasa, who founded the Catholic religious order of the Theatine Nuns.  This scapular must have a blue woollen cloth and on one side bears a symbolization of the mystery of the Immaculate Conception of Our Lady and on the other the name of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
Romania at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Romania competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. It was the first Summer Games for the nation after the fall of Communism in 1989. 172 competitors, 104 men and 68 women, took part in 128 events in 18 sports.

Veronica Cochela
Veronica Cochela-Cogeanu (born 15 November 1965) is a retired Romanian rower. She competed in different events at the 1988, 1992, 1996 and 2000 Olympics and won two gold, three silver and one bronze medals. Since the 1989 World Rowing Championships, she has competed under her married name. After retiring from competition she worked as a rowing coach, and since 2015 trains the national team.
Beneath This Gruff Exterior
Beneath This Gruff Exterior is singer-songwriter John Hiatt's sixteenth album, released in 2003. It was his first album with New West Records, and it was also the only album on which backing band the Goners received front cover credit along with Hiatt (although the Goners had previously backed Hiatt on 1988's Slow Turning and 2001's The Tiki Bar Is Open). "The Most Unoriginal Sin" was first recorded by Willie Nelson on his album Across the Borderline.

The Tiki Bar Is Open
The Tiki Bar is Open is singer-songwriter John Hiatt's fifteenth album, released in 2001. It was his last album with Vanguard Records. Although they are uncredited, the album features backing band the Goners, the same cadre of friends who backed Hiatt in his 1988 release, Slow Turning. (CD Version does credit the Goners: Dave Ranson, Kenneth Blevins, and Sonny Landreth) "All the Lilacs in Ohio" was eventually rerecorded for Hiatt's collaboration album with the Jerry Douglas Band, Leftover Feelings.
1973 African Cup of Champions Clubs final
The 1973 African Cup of Champions Clubs final was the final of the 1973 African Cup of Champions Clubs.

It was a football tie held over two legs in November 1973 and December 1973 between Asante Kotoko of Ghana, and AS Vita Club  of Zaïre.

Vita Club won the final with aggregate 5–4, became the 2nd Zaïrian club to win the cup.
 ·  ·

Asante Kotoko S.C.
Asante Kotoko Sporting Club, simply known as Asante Kotoko, is a professional football club founded on 31 August 1935 and based in Kumasi in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. Nicknamed the Porcupine Warriors and "kum apem a, apem beba" which translate to "If you kill a thousand, a thousand more will come" in English Language. In their local dialect, Twi, they compete in the Ghana Premier League and play their home matches at the Baba Yara Stadium in Amakom, Kumasi.

They have won the league a record 24 times [1], the CAF Champions League twice, and were adjudged the African club of the century by the International Federation of Football History and Statistics (IFFHS).
Jimmie Kaylor
James William Kaylor IV (born August 16, 1984) is an American former football punter who played at Colorado State University from 2004 to 2007. He ranked fourth nationally in punting average in 2005 and was named to the Sophomore All-America Team and the All-Mountain West Conference team. He also received a Coca-Cola Community All-American Award in 2007. He punted for over 7,500 yards during his career at Colorado State and ranks second in school history with an average of 44.0 yards per punt.

Punter (gridiron football)
A punter in gridiron football is a special teams player who receives the snapped ball directly from the line of scrimmage and then punts (kicks) the football to the opposing team so as to limit any field position advantage. This generally happens on a fourth down in American football and a third down in Canadian football. Punters may also occasionally take part in fake punts in those same situations, when they throw or run the football to get a first down instead of punting.
The Journal of Philosophy
The Journal of Philosophy is a monthly peer-reviewed academic journal on philosophy, founded in 1904 at Columbia University. Its stated purpose is "To publish philosophical articles of current interest and encourage the interchange of ideas, especially the exploration of the borderline between philosophy and other disciplines." Subscriptions and online access are managed by the Philosophy Documentation Center.

The journal is widely regarded as one of the most prestigious journals in the field. The journal also publishes the Dewey, Woodbridge, and Nagel Lectures series held at Columbia University.

Carl Gustav Hempel
Carl Gustav "Peter" Hempel (/ˈhɛmpəl/; German: [ˈhɛmpl̩]; January 8, 1905 – November 9, 1997) was a German writer, philosopher, logician, and epistemologist. He was a major figure in logical empiricism, a 20th-century movement in the philosophy of science. Hempel articulated the deductive-nomological model of scientific explanation, which was considered the "standard model" of scientific explanation during the 1950s and 1960s. He is also known for the raven paradox ("Hempel's paradox") and Hempel's dilemma.
Kanbara-juku
Kanbara-juku (蒲原宿, Kanbara-juku) was the fifteenth of the fifty-three stations of the Tōkaidō. It is located in what is now part of the Shimizu-ku ward of Shizuoka, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. It is one of four former post stations located in Shimizu-ku. The painting is mostly famous for being used for Weezer's 1996 album Pinkerton, which uses the painting for the album cover.

Tōkaidō (road)
The Tōkaidō road (東海道, Tōkaidō; [to̞ːka̠ido̞ː]), which roughly means "eastern sea route," was the most important of the Five Routes of the Edo period in Japan, connecting Kyoto to the de facto capital of Japan at Edo (modern-day Tokyo). Unlike the inland and less heavily travelled Nakasendō, the Tōkaidō travelled along the sea coast of eastern Honshū, hence the route's name.

The Tōkaidō was first used in ancient times as a route from Kyoto to Hitachi Province (central Honshu) before the Edo period.
Petra Pajalič
Petra Pajalič (born 1 June 1988) is a retired Slovenian tennis player, who specialised in doubles.

Pajalič has career-high WTA rankings of 532 in singles, achieved on 8 September 2008, and 393 in doubles, set on 21 April 2008. She won one doubles title on the ITF Women's Circuit.

Pajalič made her main-draw debut on the WTA Tour in doubles competition at the 2007 Banka Koper Slovenia Open, partnering Taja Mohorčič The pair lost their first round match against Sybille Bammer and Polona Hercog.

Polona Hercog
Polona Hercog (Slovene pronunciation: [pɔˈlóːna ˈxèːɾtsɔk], born 20 January 1991) is a Slovenian professional tennis player. Her career-high WTA rankings are world No. 35 in singles and No. 56 in doubles. She has won five titles on the WTA Tour, three in singles and two in doubles. Hercog also has had success on the ITF Women's Circuit, winning 19 singles and five doubles titles.

Partnering with Jessica Moore, she won the French Open and Wimbledon junior titles in the doubles competition in 2008.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1679
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1679, adopted unanimously on May 16, 2006, after recalling resolutions 1556 (2004), 1564 (2004), 1574 (2004), 1590 (2005), 1591 (2005), 1593 (2005), 1663 (2005) and 1665 (2006) on the situation in Sudan, the Council endorsed a decision by the African Union Peace and Security Council to move ahead with a United Nations peacekeeping force in Darfur as soon as possible.

After the adoption of Resolution 1679, China said it would not support any further resolutions against Sudan under Chapter VII authority, unless approval of the Sudanese government was obtained.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1593
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1593, adopted on 31 March 2005, after receiving a report by the International Commission of Inquiry on Darfur, the Council referred the situation in the Darfur region of Sudan to the International Criminal Court (ICC) and required Sudan to co-operate fully. It marked the first time the council had referred a situation to the court, and also compelled a country to co-operate with it.

Sudan, which is not a permanent member of the ICC under the Rome Statute, refuses to recognise the court's jurisdiction, stated that "the International Criminal Court has no place in this crisis at all."
Tau Persei
Tau Persei (τ Per), also known as 18 Persei, is a binary star in the constellation of Perseus. The system is fairly close, and is located about 254 light-years (78 parsecs) away, based on its parallax.

Tau Persei is an eclipsing binary, which means the two stellar components orbit each other in such an orientation that they periodically eclipse each other, while blocking the other's light. Unlike many eclipsing binaries that have short orbital periods, Tau Persei has an orbital period of 4.15 years. With a semi-major axis of 0.055 arcseconds, this is one of the few eclipsing binaries whose components can be resolved with interferometry.

The primary component of Tau Persei is a red giant with a spectral type of G8III. It has a radius 16 times that of the Sun, and is about 390 million years old. Its companion is an A-type main-sequence star. In 1989, the primary star eclipsed the secondary, allowing for the stellar parameters to be derived via its light curve.

A-type main-sequence star
An A-type main-sequence star is a main-sequence (core hydrogen burning) star of spectral type A. The spectral luminosity class is V. These stars have spectra defined by strong hydrogen Balmer absorption lines. They measure between 1.7 and 2.1 solar masses (M☉), have surface temperatures between 7,600 and 10,000 K, and live for about a quarter of the lifetime of the Sun. Bright and nearby examples are Altair (A7), Sirius A (A1), and Vega (A0). A-type stars do not have convective zones and thus are not expected to harbor magnetic dynamos. As a consequence, because they do not have strong stellar winds; they lack a means to generate X-ray emission.
Slavery during the American Civil War
Slavery played the central role during the American Civil War. The primary catalyst for secession was slavery, especially Southern political leaders' resistance to attempts by Northern antislavery political forces to block the expansion of slavery into the western territories. Slave life went through great changes, as the Southern United States saw Union Armies take control of broad areas of land. During and before the war, enslaved people played an active role in their own emancipation, and thousands of enslaved people escaped from bondage during the war.

Port Royal Experiment
The Port Royal Experiment was a program begun during the American Civil War in which former slaves successfully worked on the land abandoned by planters. They were given the chance to be paid wages and this was a good test for the reconstruction era that was coming before the war even ended. Freed men even bought land for themselves and Northern missionaries and abolitionists came to teach the freed men.
Happy Channel (Italy)
Happy Channel was an entertainment satellite TV owned by Mediadigit (created by Mediaset), on air from 8 March 1998 until 1 January 2006.

Happy Channel ran on the Tele + platform till 30 July 2003, when SKY Italia took the place of Tele + and Stream TV, another Italian satellitar platform.
The channel was based on comic films, old American films and cabaret shows and often reran old shows and sitcom produced by Mediaset in the past for its three free on air channels, Canale 5, Italia 1 and Retequattro. Shows such as Non è la RAI, Ciao Darwin, Drive In and Colpo grosso were rerun.
Some programs were produced expressly for the channel such as Space Girls or I Caruso - Sitshow a Little Italy.

The channel was directed by Carlo Vetrugno, who previously directed Italia 1 and Retequattro.

Sky Italia
Sky Italia S.r.l. is an Italian satellite television platform owned by the American media conglomerate Comcast. Sky Italia also broadcasts three national free-to-air television channels: TV8, Cielo, and Sky TG24.

Pay TV services on the Sky Italia satellite platform are broadcast on the Hot Bird satellites at 13.0°E and are encrypted in NDS VideoGuard.
Camargo Corrêa Desenvolvimento Imobiliário
CCDI (or Camargo Correa Desenvolvimento Imobiliario) is a Brazilian homebuilding and commercial real estate development company. It is part of the Mover Participações group (formerly known as Camargo Corrêa), a conglomerate of infrastructure sector companies in Brazil.

The firm went public in 01/31/07 and was traded at the Bovespa's Novo Mercado under the ticker symbol CCIM3 in 2012 the company was delisted. It has many Brazilian competitors such as PDG, Cyrela Brazil Realty, MRV Engenharia, Even, Rossi Residencial, Brookfield Incorporações, EZ Tec and many others.

Rossi Residencial
Rossi Residencial is a Brazilian construction and real estate company. As of 2013 it was the sixth largest Brazilian residential construction company, after its big competitors such as PDG, Cyrela Brazil Realty, MRV and Brookfield Incorporações.

The company also operates in real estate. It has presence in more than 56 Brazilian cities, from headquarters in São Paulo and in regional offices located in cities such as Campinas, Porto Alegre, Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte and others.

Rossi Residencial is part of the Rossi Group, founded in 1913, today the 4th generation of the Rossi family, one of the leading groups of engineering, construction and incorporation of Brazil, which over its history of cooperating with the development of the country not only through the engineering, but also in other areas.

The Rossi takes part in all phases of a real estate venture. Exploration of the land to the project, construction for sale, by delivery of property.
BBC Select (1992–1995)
BBC Select was an overnight television service run by the BBC during the hours when BBC1 or BBC2 had closed down, usually between 2am and 6am. Launched in 1992 after a series of delays and following the British Medical Television experiment, the channel showed programming intended for specialist audiences, such as businessmen, lawyers, nurses and teachers, and was designed to be viewed after broadcast via a video recording. It was funded by a subscription, and most programming was scrambled.

Videocassette recorder
A videocassette recorder (VCR) or video recorder is an electromechanical device that records analog audio and analog video from broadcast television or other AV sources and can play back the recording after rewinding. The use of a VCR to record a television program to play back at a more convenient time is commonly referred to as time shifting. VCRs can also play back prerecorded tapes, which were widely available for purchase and rental starting in the 80s and 90s, most popularly in the VHS videocassette format. Blank tapes were sold to make recordings.

VCRs declined in popularity during the 2000s and in 2016, Funai Electric, the last remaining manufacturer, ceased production.