hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2009 Edinburgh Sevens
The Edinburgh Sevens is played annually as part of the IRB Sevens World Series for international rugby sevens (seven-a-side version of rugby union). The 2009 competition, which took place on 30 May and 31 May in Edinburgh, Scotland, was the eighth and final Cup trophy in the 2008–09 IRB Sevens World Series.

On the first day of the competition, South Africa advanced to the quarterfinals of the Cup competition, thereby assuring them of the overall season title; they needed only to finish within the top nine teams to make it impossible for second-place England to catch them on the season log. South Africa went on advance to the Cup finals, where they were defeated 20–19 by Fiji, who passed England for second place on the season log in the process. Last year's series champions New Zealand won the second-level Plate competition, with England winning the Bowl and the USA winning the Shield.

2008–09 IRB Sevens World Series
The 2008–09 IRB Sevens World Series was the tenth of an annual IRB Sevens World Series of rugby union sevens tournaments for full national sides run by the International Rugby Board since 1999–2000.

South Africa clinched the 2008–09 World Series, its first Series title.  The defending series champions New Zealand finished fourth.

Sevens is traditionally played in a two-day tournament format. However, the most famous event, the Hong Kong Sevens, is played over three days, largely because it involves 24 teams instead of the normal 16. Starting in 2008–09, the Australia leg (which involves the normal 16 teams) was spread out over a three-day period.
Cynodonteae
Cynodonteae is a large tribe of grasses in the subfamily Chloridoideae, with over 800 species.

Like most of the subfamily, species in the tribe are adapted to warm, arid climates and use the C4 photosynthetic pathway. Some species, such as Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) or goosegrass (Eleusine indica), are widespread weeds, introduced in many countries.

Most of the 94 genera are classified in one of 21 subtribes, but some are still unplaced (incertae sedis) within the tribe.

Chloridoideae
Chloridoideae is one of the largest subfamilies of grasses, with roughly 150 genera and 1,600 species, mainly found in arid tropical or subtropical grasslands. Within the PACMAD clade, their sister group is the Danthonioideae. The subfamily includes widespread weeds such as Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon), goosegrass (Eleusine indica) or finger grass (Chloris), but also millet species grown in some tropical regions, namely finger millet (Eleusine coracana) and teff (Eragrostis tef).

With the exception of some species in Ellisochloa and Eleusine indica, most of the subfamily's species use the C4 photosynthetic pathway. The first evolutionary transition from C3 to C4 photosynthesis in the grasses probably occurred in this subfamily, around 32 to 25 million years ago in the Oligocene.
2011 IPP Trophy
The 2011 IPP Trophy was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 24th edition of the tournament which is part of the 2011 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Geneva, Switzerland between 7 and 13 November 2011.

Geneva Open Challenger
The Geneva Open Challenger, also known as IPP Trophy was a tennis tournament held in Geneva, Switzerland from 1988 to 2014. The event was part of the ATP Challenger Tour. Previously played on outdoor clay courts, it was subsequently played indoors on hard GreenSet courts since 2011, at Sport Center of the Queue d'Arve. Originally, it was held at the Drizia-Miremont Tennis Club.

The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) awarded the Jim McManus Challenger Award to the tournament in 2013. This award honors the best challenger tournament in the world.
Stella d'Italia
The Stella d'Italia ("Star of Italy"), popularly known as Stellone d'Italia ("Great Star of Italy"), is a five-pointed white star, which has symbolized Italy for many centuries. It is the oldest national symbol of Italy, since it dates back to Graeco-Roman mythology when Venus, associated with the West as an evening star, was adopted to identify the Italian peninsula. From an allegorical point of view, the Stella d'Italia metaphorically represents the shining destiny of Italy.

In the early 16th century it began to be frequently associated with Italia turrita, the national personification of the Italian peninsula. The Stella d'Italia was adopted as part of the emblem of Italy in 1947, where it is superimposed on a steel cogwheel, all surrounded by an oak branch and an olive branch.

Italian Armed Forces
The Italian Armed Forces (Italian: Forze armate italiane, pronounced [ˈfɔrtse arˈmaːte itaˈljaːne]) encompass the Italian Army, the Italian Navy and the Italian Air Force. A fourth branch of the armed forces, known as the Carabinieri, take on the role as the nation's military police and are also involved in missions and operations abroad as a combat force. Despite not being a branch of the armed forces, the Guardia di Finanza is organized along military lines.

These five forces comprise a total of 340,885 men and women with the official status of active military personnel, of which 167,057 are in the Army, Navy and Air Force. The President of Italy heads the armed forces as the President of the High Council of Defence established by article 87 of the Constitution of Italy. According to article 78, the Parliament has the authority to declare a state of war and vest the powers to lead the war in the Government.
Blanche on the Lam
Blanche on the Lam is a 1992 mystery novel by author Barbara Neely, the first in a series by her. This novel brings to light the intelligence and power of an African-American domestic female worker in the midst of a racist and sexist society. The book won the Agatha Award and the  Anthony Award  for Best First Novel, and the Macavity Award for Best First Mystery. The series continues with Blanche among the Talented Tenth (1994),  Blanche Cleans Up (1998), and Blanche Passes Go (2000).

Anthony Awards
The Anthony Awards are literary awards for mystery writers presented at the Bouchercon World Mystery Convention since 1986. The awards are named for Anthony Boucher (1911–1968), one of the founders of the Mystery Writers of America.
Woodside and Burrelton railway station
Woodside and Burrelton railway station was located in Burrelton in the Scottish county of Perth and Kinross. The station was opened by the Caledonian Railway on the former Scottish Midland Junction Railway running between Perth and Arbroath.

Perth railway station (Scotland)
Perth railway station serves the city of Perth, Scotland. It lies on both the Glasgow–Dundee line and the Highland Main Line. It is managed by ScotRail, which provides the majority of services, with London North Eastern Railway and the Caledonian Sleeper. It is sited 151 miles 25 chains (243.5 km) from Carlisle, via Stirling, Cumbernauld and Motherwell; and 86 miles 77 chains (140 km) from Edinburgh Waverley, via Kirkcaldy and Inverkeithing.
Edwin Valero
Edwin Antonio Valero Vivas (3 December 1981 – 19 April 2010), also known as El Inca Valero, was a Venezuelan professional boxer who competed from 2002 to 2010. He was an undefeated former world champion in two weight classes, having held the WBA super featherweight title from 2006 to 2008 and the WBC lightweight title from 2009 to 2010. A southpaw known for his highly aggressive fighting style and exceptional punching power, Valero remains the only champion in WBC history to win every fight in his career by knockout. In 2010, Valero died by suicide in jail after being arrested on suspicion of killing his wife.

Southpaw stance
In boxing and some other sports, a southpaw stance is a stance in which the boxer has the right hand and the right foot forward, leading with right jabs, and following with a left cross right hook. It is the normal stance for a left-handed boxer. The corresponding boxing designation for a right-handed boxer is the orthodox stance, which is generally a mirror-image of the southpaw stance. In American English, "southpaw" generally refers to a person who is left-handed. While many advantages have been theorized for left-handedness in sports, many studies have found no impact at the professional level.
Alexey Maslov
Alexey Fyodorovich Maslov (23 September 1953 – 25 December 2022) was a Russian general of the army who was Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces from 2004 to 2008 and Senior Russian Military Representative to NATO from 2008 to 2011.

Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Ground Forces
The Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Ground Forces (Russian: Главнокомандующий Сухопутными войсками России) is the chief commanding authority of the Russian Ground Forces. He is appointed by the President of Russia. The position dates to the period of the Russian Empire. The current Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Ground Forces is Colonel General Andrey Mordvichev, in office since 15 May 2025.

From 1998 to 2001 the position was briefly called the Chief of the Main Directorate of the Ground Forces.
SBB Ae 4/6
The Swiss locomotive class Ae 4/6 was a class of electric locomotives. They were intended as a powerful locomotive for the steep gradients of the Gotthard Railway, but smaller than the huge 'double locomotives' which had previously been tested there. They were built from 1941, during World War II, and although Switzerland remained neutral through this, material shortages led to some quality problems with these locomotives.

Buchli drive
The Buchli drive is a transmission system used in electric locomotives. It was named after its inventor, Swiss engineer Jakob Buchli. The drive is a fully spring-loaded drive, in which each floating axle has an individual motor, that is placed in the spring mounted locomotive frame.  The weight of the driving motors is completely disconnected from the driving wheels, which are exposed to movement of the rails.

First used in electric locomotives from the 1920s, the Buchli drive made possible the construction of faster and more powerful locomotives that required larger and heavier traction motors. The system minimises the impact on rail tracks due to the reduction in the overall unsprung weight. Although the drive was very successful though the 1930s, it is little used in modern locomotives, having been replaced with smaller, simpler drives that exhibit less imbalance and allow higher speeds.
Publishing industry in China
Publishing and printing in mainland China have a long history. The first printed book sold commercially was sold in the markets of the Tang dynasty in 762, while printed paper receipts used for business transactions and tax payments can be dated to 782. The publishing industry in the People's Republic of China continues to grow in modern times. In 2004, China published 25.77 billion copies of national-level and provincial-level newspapers, 2.69 billion magazines, and 6.44 billion books.

Movable type
Movable type (US English; moveable type in British English) is the system and technology of printing and typography that uses movable components to reproduce the elements of a document (usually individual alphanumeric characters or punctuation marks) usually on the medium of paper.
River gunboat
A river gunboat is a type of gunboat adapted for river operations. River gunboats required shallow draft for river navigation. They would be armed with relatively small caliber cannons, or a mix of cannons and machine guns.  If they carried more than one cannon, one might be a howitzer, for shore bombardment. They were usually not armoured. The fictional USS San Pablo described in Richard McKenna's The Sand Pebbles is an example of this class of vessel, serving on the US Navy's Yangtze Patrol. Stronger river warships with larger guns were river monitors.

The Sand Pebbles (novel)
The Sand Pebbles is a 1962 novel by American author Richard McKenna about a Yangtze River gunboat and its crew in 1926. It was the winner of the 1963 Harper Prize for fiction. The book was initially serialized in The Saturday Evening Post, and was published in January 1963 by Harper & Row. In 1966 it was adapted into the same-named film starring Steve McQueen.
Altopiano della Vigolana
Altopiano della Vigolana is a comune (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) south-east of Trento. It was formed on 1 January 2016 as the merger of the previous Municipalities of Bosentino, Centa San Nicolò, Vattaro and Vigolo Vattaro.

Vattaro
Vattaro is a comune (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about 11 kilometres (7 mi) southeast of Trento. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,111 and an area of 8.3 square kilometres (3.2 sq mi).

Vattaro borders the following municipalities: Bosentino, Calceranica al Lago, Centa San Nicolò and Besenello.
Idroscalo
The Idroscalo is an artificial lake in Milan, Italy that was originally constructed as a seaplane airport. It opened on 28 October 1930, in the heyday of seaplanes. When the use of seaplanes for passenger transport declined it became a recreational and sport facility. The first official rowing event was held in 1934 while Idroscalo was still an airport.

The lake is 2,600 m (8,500 ft) long and was constructed in the late 1920s. Its width ranges from 250 m (820 ft) to 400 m (1,300 ft) and depth from 3 m (9.8 ft) to 5 m (16 ft). It is situated between the municipalities of Segrate and Peschiera Borromeo, just within Milan's city limits and near Linate Airport.

Peschiera Borromeo
Peschiera Borromeo (Italian pronunciation: [peˈskjɛːra borroˈmɛːo]; Milanese: Peschera Borromee [peˈskeːra buruˈmeː]) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 12 kilometres (7 mi) southeast of Milan. It received the honorary title of city with a presidential decree on 6 August 1988.

Peschiera Borromeo borders the following municipalities: Milan, Pioltello, Segrate, Rodano, Pantigliate, San Donato Milanese, Mediglia.
Fouée
Fouée (French pronunciation: [fwe]), also known as fouace ([fwas] ⓘ), is an airy bread from western France (Touraine and Anjou region of the Loire Valley, Poitou, Charente). It looks somewhat similar to pita or bakpao. It is split and served with pork rillettes, salted butter and mogettes (white beans).

It is distinct from another French culinary specialty, fouace or fouasse, from southern France (Rouergue, Aveyron and Haute-Auvergne). This is a traditional variety of brioche with a light-yellow crumb and a fine crust, often strewn with sugar grains. It is prepared from wheat flour, sourdough, butter, eggs, milk, sugar, orange flower water, and salt, is usually presented in the shape of a crown or bun and can be enjoyed for breakfast, aperitif or dessert.

Loire Valley
The Loire Valley (French: Vallée de la Loire, pronounced [vale də la lwaʁ]), spanning 280 kilometres (170 mi), is a valley located in the middle stretch of the Loire river in central France, in both the administrative regions Pays de la Loire and Centre-Val de Loire. The area of the Loire Valley comprises about 800 square kilometres (310 sq mi). It is referred to as the Cradle of the French and the Garden of France due to the abundance of vineyards, fruit orchards (such as cherries), and artichoke and asparagus fields, which line the banks of the river. Notable for its historic towns, architecture, and wines, the valley has been inhabited since the Middle Palaeolithic period. In 2000, UNESCO added the central part of the Loire River valley to its list of World Heritage Sites.
Navdeep Bains
Navdeep Singh Bains PC FCPA (born June 16, 1977) is a Canadian politician who served as Minister of Innovation, Science and Industry from 2015 to 2021. A member of the Liberal Party, he represented the riding of Mississauga—Malton in the House of Commons from 2015 to 2021. He previously represented the riding of Mississauga—Brampton South from 2004 to 2011.

As Minister of Innovation, Science and Industry, he held responsibility for overseeing the economic development and corporate affairs of the Government of Canada, as well as developing and implementing research and development policy aimed at increasing productivity and the quality of life.

Bains unexpectedly retired from politics in January 2021 and joined CIBC as Vice-Chair, Global Investment Banking in September 2021. In May 2023, he became the Chief Corporate Affairs Officer for Rogers Communications, a major telecommunications provider in Canada.

Minister of Government Transformation, Public Services and Procurement
The minister of government transformation, public services and procurement (French: ministre de la transformation du gouvernement, des services publics et de l’approvisionnement) is the minister of the Crown responsible for Public Services and Procurement Canada (PSPC) and several other agencies. The minister concurrently serves as Receiver General for Canada, and is a member of the King's Privy Council for Canada and the Canadian Cabinet.

Joël Lightbound has been Minister of Government Transformation, Public Services and Procurement since May 13, 2025. The minister is selected by the prime minister and appointed by the Crown. The role was created in 1996 as the minister of public works and government services, to oversee the Department of Public Works and Government Services, an expansive common services department of the Government of Canada. In 2015, the title was change to be the minister of public services and procurement. The present title was adopted in 2025.
Kharupetia
Kharupetia (IPA: ˌkɑːrʊˈpiːtɪə) (also spelt 'Kharupatia') is a town and a municipal board in Darrang district in the Indian state of Assam. Kharupetia is a fast-developing commercial town in Mangaldoi Sub-Division under Darrang District. It is about 17 km from Mangaldoi, the District headquarters and 87 km from Guwahati, the gateway of North East region. It is connected by National Highway 15.

The town exports fresh vegetables, fish and staples across Assam and other parts of India. Majority of the people living here are engaged in business activities. It is famous as a business centre in Assam.

Darrang district
Darrang district (Assamese pronunciation: [dɔrɔŋ]) is an administrative district in the state of Assam in India. The district headquarters are located at Mangaldoi. The district occupies an area of 1585 km2.
Jardín
Jardín (English: Garden), is a town and municipality in the southwest region of Antioquia, Colombia. It is bounded by the Andes, Jericó, and Támesis municipalities to the north and the Caldas department to the south. The municipality is located between the San Juan River and a branch of the Western Cordillera. Jardín is identified by its preserved architectural heritage, lush vegetation, and abundant rivers and streams.

Among others, rivers that flow through Jardin include the San Juan, Claro, and Dojurgo. Trout caught in the local rivers is a popular dish in the area.

The municipal anthem of the town is "Hymn to Jardín". Mean daily temperatures are 19°C with moderate humidity.

According to the 2018 census, the population comprised 13,541 people.

Támesis, Antioquia
Támesis is a town and municipality in the Colombian department of Antioquia. Part of the subregion of Southwestern Antioquia. Located at an elevation of 1,638 m (5,374 ft) above sea level, it was established in 1858. The local economy is based on agriculture.
Jaquehuata
Jaquehuata (possibly from Aymara jaqhi cliff, wat'a island, "cliff island") is a mountain in the Vilcanota mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about 4,800 metres (15,748 ft) high. It is located in the Puno Region, Carabaya Province, Corani District. Jaquehuata lies east of the large glaciated area of Quelccaya (Quechua for "snow plain"). It is situated at the Anjasi valley and at an affluent of the Corani River northeast of Pata Anjasi and southeast of Cuncunani.

Cordillera Vilcanota
The Cordillera Vilcanota (Spanish cordillera: "mountain range", Aymara: willkan uta "house of the sun") is a mountain range located in Peru southeast of Cusco, on the boundary between the regions of Cusco and Puno. It extends between 13°39' and 14°29'S and 70°31' and 71°20'W for about 80 km. It includes 469 glaciers.

To the east the rivers San Gabán and Azángaro are the natural boundary which separates it from the Carabaya range. The La Raya range near the La Raya pass is sometimes included or listed separately.
Baldwin DS-4-4-750
The Baldwin DS-4-4-750 was a four-axle 750 horsepower (560 kW) diesel-electric switcher locomotive built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works at it Eddystone, Pennsylvania factory between 1949 and 1951. It was a bridge between the 660 horsepower (490 kW) DS-4-4-660 and the S-8. It was the low power companion in Baldwin's catalog to their DS-4-4-1000 and the S-12.

Baldwin Locomotive Works
The Baldwin Locomotive Works (BLW) was an American manufacturer of railway locomotives from 1825 to 1951. Originally located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, it moved to nearby Eddystone in the early 20th century. The company was for decades the world's largest producer of steam locomotives, but struggled to compete when demand switched to diesel locomotives. Baldwin produced the last of its 70,000-plus locomotives in 1951, before merging with the Lima-Hamilton Corporation on September 11, 1951, to form the Baldwin-Lima-Hamilton Corporation.

The company has no relation to the E.M. Baldwin and Sons of New South Wales, Australia, a builder of small diesel locomotives for sugar cane railroads.
Bone growth factor
A bone growth factor is a growth factor that stimulates the growth of bone tissue.

Known bone growth factors include insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF-2), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and certain members of the growth differentiation factor (GDF) group of proteins.

The ultimate target of bone growth factors are osteoblasts, osteoclasts and fibroblasts. Human fibroblasts and osteoblasts were shown to be capable of producing bone growth factors after stimulation.

Major hormones influencing bone growth and morphology include growth hormone (GH), androgens such as testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, and estrogens such as estradiol.

Fibroblast
A fibroblast is a type of biological cell typically with a spindle shape that synthesizes the extracellular matrix and collagen, produces the structural framework (stroma) for animal tissues, and plays a critical role in wound healing. Fibroblasts are the most common cells of connective tissue in animals.
Sparagmite
Sparagmite (from the Latin sparagma, meaning "fragment") is an arkosic sandstone, greywacke and conglomerate set of beds so named by Jens Esmark in 1829. Deposited in what is now Scandinavia during the Neoproterozoic Era to early Cambrian time, the sparagmite nappes were transported up to several hundred kilometers during the Caledonian collision.  Sparagmite is characterized by high feldspar percentages of microcline.

Greywacke
Greywacke or graywacke (German: Grauwacke 'a grey, earthy rock') is a variety of sandstone generally characterized by its hardness (6–7 on Mohs scale), dark color, and poorly sorted angular grains of quartz, feldspar, and small rock fragments or sand-size lithic fragments set in a compact, clay-fine matrix. It is a texturally immature sedimentary rock generally found in Paleozoic strata. The larger grains can be sand- to gravel-sized, and matrix materials generally constitute more than 15% of the rock by volume.