hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2009 Melanesian Championships in Athletics
The 2009 Melanesian Championships in Athletics took place between August 4–8, 2009. The event was held at the Griffith University in Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia, jointly with the OAA Grand Prix Series, and the OAA sub-regional Micronesian and Polynesian Championships.  Many athletes utilised the competitions preparing for the upcoming IAAF World Championships in Berlin, Germany.  Detailed reports were given for the OAA.

A total of 34 events were contested, 18 by men and 16 by women.

2009 World Championships in Athletics
The 12th IAAF World Championships in Athletics (German: Leichtathletik-Weltmeisterschaften 2009) were held in Berlin, Germany from 15 to 23 August 2009. The majority of events took place in the Olympiastadion, while the marathon and racewalking events started and finished at the Brandenburg Gate.
Coastal defences of Australia during World War II
The following is a list of Coastal Batteries in Australia and Territories during World War II. The main threat came early in the war from German raiders and threat of Japanese raids or invasion, and hence all available ordnance was pressed into service, including some obsolete guns and field guns adapted for coast defence.

Sydney Heads
The Sydney Heads (also simply known as the Heads) are a series of headlands that form the 2 km (1.2 mi) wide entrance to Sydney Harbour in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. North Head and Quarantine Head are to the north; South Head and Dunbar Head are to the south; and Middle Head, Georges Head, and Chowder Head are to the west and within the harbour. The Heads are contained within the Sydney Harbour National Park.

Some features located on the heads are heritage-listed on the Australian National Heritage List; such as the Hornby Lighthouse, located on South Head, Australia's third-oldest lighthouse; Macquarie Lighthouse, Australia's first lighthouse, located 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) to the south on Dunbar Head; and the former Quarantine Station on North Head.
Tokuyama Domain
Tokuyama Domain (徳山藩, Tokuyama-han) was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, in what is now southeastern Yamaguchi Prefecture. A subsidiary domain of Chōshū Domain, it was centered around Tokuyama jin'ya in what is now part of the city of Shūnan, Yamaguchi, and was ruled throughout its history by a cadet branch of the Mōri clan. Tokuyama Domain was dissolved in the abolition of the han system in 1871.

Yamaguchi Prefecture
Yamaguchi Prefecture (山口県, Yamaguchi-ken) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūgoku region of Honshu. Yamaguchi Prefecture has a population of 1,377,631 (1 February 2018) and has a geographic area of 6,112 km2 (2,359 sq mi). Yamaguchi Prefecture borders Shimane Prefecture to the north and Hiroshima Prefecture to the northeast.

Yamaguchi is the capital and Shimonoseki is the largest city of Yamaguchi Prefecture, with other major cities including Ube, Shūnan, and Iwakuni. Yamaguchi Prefecture is located at the western tip of Honshu with coastlines on the Sea of Japan and Seto Inland Sea, and separated from the island of Kyushu by the Kanmon Straits.
Athletics at the Friendship Games – Women's marathon
The women's marathon event  at the Friendship Games was held on 18 August 1984 at the Evžen Rošický Stadium in Prague, Czechoslovakia. The start and finish line were in the Výstaviště Praha (then known as Park kultury an oddechu Julia Fučíka).

Athletics at the Friendship Games
Athletics at the Friendship Games was contested in 41 events, 24 events by men and 17 by women. Men competed at the Grand Arena of the Central Lenin Stadium (now Luzhniki Stadium) in Moscow, Soviet Union between 17 and 18 August, while women's events took place at the Evžen Rošický Stadium in Prague, Czechoslovakia between 16 and 18 August 1984.

One new world record was set, by East German Irina Meszynski in women's discus throw, with 73.36 m. As of 2024, it still ranks Meszynski sixth on the world all-time list.

In an unusual feat, Alberto Juantorena (Cuba) and Ryszard Ostrowski (Poland) both crossed the finish line at exactly the same moment in the men's 800 metres. After the officials were unable to split them using a photo-finish, both were declared gold medalists.

The Soviet Union dominated the final medal tally, winning 24 gold and 63 total medals. East Germany finished second, with 8 and 19 respectively.
Bike paths in Melbourne
Bicycle paths around Melbourne are off-road routes for use by people riding bicycles and walking. These have been developed over many decades and primarily follow current or former watercourses and major roads to traverse long distances and provide facilities for transport and recreation.

Paths within the metropolitan area are typically sealed surfaces but gravel or dirt sections are also present. Paths often connect together to provide continuous routes and can also sometimes accessed from railway stations.

Ongoing community campaigns, such as those of Bicycle Network, have resulted in some expansion and improvement of the network.

Blind Creek Trail
The Blind Creek Trail, in the outer eastern suburbs of Melbourne, in the Australian state of Victoria, is a shared-use path for cyclists and pedestrians, which follows the Blind Creek from the Dandenong Creek Trail in Wantirna South to the Ringwood - Belgrave Rail Trail in Boronia.

This trail is one of the major shared use trails which runs through the City of Knox and runs past Westfield Knox and the Tim Neville Arboretum along its 11.5 km route. During November 2008, directional signage was installed along most of the path to assist users in guiding themselves to their desired destinations.

An interactive map of the trail as well as others in the Melbourne area is available here.
John Lee Buchanan
John Lee Buchanan (June 19, 1831 – January 19, 1922) was the second president of Virginia Tech (then Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College) and the sixth president of the University of Arkansas.

Emory and Henry University
Emory & Henry University (E&H or Emory) is a private university in Emory, Virginia, United States. The campus comprises 335 acres (1.36 km2) of Washington County, which is part of the Appalachian highlands of Southwest Virginia. Founded in 1836, Emory & Henry University is the oldest institution of higher learning in Southwest Virginia. The university is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges but was placed on probation in June 2025 because of concerns about the institution's finances.
Saraswati College
Saraswati College is a secondary school in Dilkusha, Nausori in Fiji. The school has about 500+ students, and includes both academic programs and co-curricula activities.

The school celebrated its golden jubilee in 2016.

Nausori
Nausori (Fijian pronunciation: [nɔu̯sori] ⓘ) is a town in Fiji. It had a population of 57,866 at the 2017 census. This makes it the fourth most populous municipality in the country. Situated 19 kilometers from the Fijian capital Suva, it forms one pole of the burgeoning Suva-Nausori corridor. Nausori is home to three provinces Rewa, Tailevu and Naitasiri.

The 425-metre (1,394 ft) Rewa Bridge across the Rewa River, built by Fletcher Construction and opened in 2006, links Nausori to the capital, Suva.
Paid content
Paid content is content on the Internet – such as text, graphics, video and downloads – which is paid for. Paid content is usually copyrighted.

Some internet content has always historically been paid for — until recently there has been little discussion about paying for scientific, technical and medical (STM) content as well as certain trade information.

Freemium
Freemium, a portmanteau of the words "free" and "premium", is a pricing strategy by which a basic product or service is provided free of charge, but money (a premium) is charged for additional features, services and virtual (online) or physical (offline) goods that expand the functionality of the free version of the software. This business model has been used in the software industry since the 1980s. A subset of this model used by the video game industry is called free-to-play.

The ethics of freemium, especially the free-to-play subset, were criticized by Touch Arcade and Business Insider in 2014 and 2015.
Leyanet González
Leyanet González Calero (born 30 September 1978) is a Cuban former artistic gymnast who competed in the 2004 Summer Olympics. She is one of only five female gymnasts to return to international competition after having a child, along with Larisa Latynina, Oksana Chusovitina, Suzanne Harmes, and Aliya Mustafina.

At the 2004 Olympics, at the age of 25, González finished 22nd in the all-around.

González is now retired from gymnastics and lives in Cancún, Mexico.

Larisa Latynina
Larisa Semyonovna Latynina (Russian: Лариса Семёновна Латынина, née Diriy, Дирий; born 27 December 1934) is a Russian former artistic gymnast. Between 1956 and 1964 she won 14 individual Olympic medals and four team medals for the Soviet Union. She holds the record for the most Olympic gold medals by a female gymnast, with nine. Her total of 18 Olympic medals was a record for 48 years. She held the record for individual event medals for over 52 years, winning 14. She is credited with helping to establish the Soviet Union as a dominant force in gymnastics.
Tienhoven aan de Lek
Tienhoven is a village in the Dutch province of Utrecht. It is a part of the municipality of Vijfheerenlanden, and lies about 10 km southwest of IJsselstein.

Tienhoven was a separate municipality in the province of South Holland between 1817 and 1986, when it became part of Zederik. When Zederik merged into the new municipality Vijfheerenlanden in 2019, it became a part of the province of Utrecht. The name of the town has changed to Tienhoven aan de Lek to distinguish it from Tienhoven, Stichtse Vecht, in the province of Utrecht.

The village was first mentioned in 1253 as Thienhoeuen, and means "ten parcels of land". In 2019, the name was officially changed to Tienhoven aan de Lek to distinguish from the other Tienhovens. The Protestant church dates from the 12th century, and was enlarged in the 14th and 15th century. The tower dates from the 15th century. In 1840, it was home to 238 people.

IJsselstein
IJsselstein (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɛisəlstɛin] ⓘ) is a municipality and city in the Netherlands, in the province of Utrecht. IJsselstein received city rights in 1331. IJsselstein owes its name to the river Hollandse IJssel which flows through the city. It is a major commuting suburb for the Utrecht area, along with the neighbouring towns Houten and Nieuwegein (in part due to the Sneltram light rail line serving the area). It is surrounded by the municipalities of Utrecht, Montfoort, Lopik, Vijfheerenlanden and Nieuwegein.
Allakh-Yun
Allakh-Yun (Russian: Алла́х-Юнь; Yakut: Ааллаах Үүн) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Ust-Maysky District of the Sakha Republic, Russia, located 306 kilometers (190 mi) from Ust-Maya, the administrative center of the district, in the Yudoma-Maya Highlands on the right bank of the Allakh-Yun River, after which it was named. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 96.

Eldikan
Eldikan (Russian: Эльдикан; Yakut: Элдьикээн, Elcikeen) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Ust-Maysky District of the Sakha Republic, Russia, located on the right bank of the Aldan River, 64 kilometers (40 mi) northeast of Ust-Maya, the administrative center of the district. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 1,515.
Theta defensin
Theta-defensins (θ-defensins, retrocyclins, or demidefensins) are a family of mammalian antimicrobial peptides. They are found in non-human 'Old World' primates, but not in human, gorilla, bonobo, and chimpanzee.

Cyclic peptide
Cyclic peptides are polypeptide chains which contain a circular sequence of bonds. This can be through a connection between the amino and carboxyl ends of the peptide, for example in cyclosporin; a connection between the amino end and a side chain, for example in bacitracin; the carboxyl end and a side chain, for example in colistin; or two side chains or more complicated arrangements, for example in alpha-amanitin. Many cyclic peptides have been discovered in nature and many others have been synthesized in the laboratory. Their length ranges from just two amino acid residues to hundreds. In nature they are frequently antimicrobial or toxic; in medicine they have various applications, for example as antibiotics and immunosuppressive agents.
Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) is a convenient method to detect cyclic peptides in crude extract from bio-mass.
Zero-width non-joiner
The zero-width non-joiner (ZWNJ, rendered: ‌; HTML entity: &zwnj; or &#8204;) is a non-printing character used in the computerization of writing systems that make use of ligatures.  For example, in writing systems that feature initial, medial and final letter-forms, such as the Persian alphabet, when a ZWNJ is placed between two characters that would otherwise be joined into a ligature, it instead prevents the ligature and causes them to be printed in their final and initial forms, respectively. This is also an effect of a space character, but a ZWNJ is used when it is desirable to keep the characters closer together or to connect a word with its morpheme.

The ZWNJ is encoded in Unicode as U+200C  ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER (&zwnj;).

Ligature (writing)
In writing and typography, a ligature occurs where two or more graphemes or letters are joined to form a single glyph. Examples are the characters ⟨æ⟩ and ⟨œ⟩ used in English and French, in which the letters ⟨a⟩ and ⟨e⟩ are joined for the first ligature and the letters ⟨o⟩ and ⟨e⟩ are joined for the second ligature. For stylistic and legibility reasons, ⟨f⟩ and ⟨i⟩ are often merged to create ⟨ﬁ⟩ (where the tittle on the ⟨i⟩ merges with the hood of the ⟨f⟩); the same is true of ⟨s⟩ and ⟨t⟩ to create ⟨ﬆ⟩. The common ampersand, ⟨&⟩, developed from a ligature in which the handwritten Latin letters ⟨e⟩ and ⟨t⟩ (spelling et, Latin for 'and') were combined.
Skyfly S-34 Skystar
The Skyfly S-34 Skystar is a Swiss ultralight aircraft, designed by Hans Gygax and produced by Skyfly, of Altbüron. The aircraft is supplied as a kit for amateur construction or as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

Aircraft fairing
An aircraft fairing is a structure whose primary function is to produce a smooth outline and reduce drag.

These structures are covers for gaps and spaces between parts of an aircraft to reduce form drag and interference drag, and to improve appearance.
Haarlem railway station
Haarlem railway station is located in Haarlem in North Holland, Netherlands. The station opened at September 20, 1839, on the Amsterdam–Rotterdam railway, the first railway line in the Netherlands. The station building itself is a rijksmonument.

De Arend (locomotive)
De Arend (Dutch pronunciation: [də ˈʔaːrənt]; the eagle) was one of the two first steam locomotives in the Netherlands. It was a 2-2-2 Patentee type built in England by R. B. Longridge and Company of Bedlington, Northumberland to run on the then standard Dutch track gauge of 1,945 mm (6 ft 4+9⁄16 in). On 20 September 1839, together with the Snelheid (Dutch for speed), it hauled the first train of the Hollandsche IJzeren Spoorweg-Maatschappij between Amsterdam and Haarlem. It was withdrawn in 1857.

In 1939 a replica of the De Arend was constructed for the 100th anniversary of the Dutch railways. It is displayed at the Nederlands Spoorwegmuseum (Dutch Railway Museum) in Utrecht.
1999 Down Senior Hurling Championship
The 1999 Down Senior Hurling Championship was the 91st staging of the Down Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Down County Board in 1903.

Ballygalget entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final, a replay, was played on 11 September 1999 at McKenna Park, between Ballygalget and Portaferry, in what was their fourth consecutive meeting in the final. Ballygalget won the match by 1–11 to 0–08 to claim their 13th championship title overall and a third consecutive title.

1997 Down Senior Hurling Championship
The 1997 Down Senior Hurling Championship was the 89th staging of the Down Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Down County Board in 1903.

Portaferry entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 7 September 1997 at McKenna Park, between Ballygalget and Portaferry, in what was their second consecutive meeting in the final. Ballygalget won the match by 2–11 to 0–09 to claim their 11th championship title overall and a first title in five years.
RPG-27
The RPG-27, also nicknamed as the "Tavolga" (Russian: Таволга, lit. 'Meadow grass'), is a Soviet single shot disposable rocket-propelled grenade (RPG) shoulder-fired missile and rocket launcher, entering service with the Soviet Army in 1989.

Reactive armour
Reactive armour is a type of vehicle armour used for protecting vehicles, especially modern tanks, against anti-vehicle armour-piercing munitions.

Reactive armour is most effective against shaped charges and hardened kinetic energy penetrators. When a shaped charge strikes the upper plate of the armour, it detonates the inner explosive, releasing blunt damage that the tank can absorb.

The most common type is explosive reactive armour (ERA), but variants include self-limiting explosive reactive armour (SLERA), non-energetic reactive armour (NERA), non-explosive reactive armour (NxRA), and electric armour. NERA and NxRA modules can withstand multiple hits, unlike ERA and SLERA.

Reactive armour can be defeated with multiple hits in the same place, often achieved with tandem-charge weapons, which fire two or more shaped charges in rapid succession.
Etlingera apus-hang
Etlingera apus-hang is a monocotyledonous plant species described by Lim Chong Keat. Etlingera apus-hang is part of the genus Etlingera and the family Zingiberaceae. No subspecies are listed in the Catalog of Life.

Etlingera
Etlingera is a genus of Indo-Pacific herbaceous perennial flowering plants in the ginger family, Zingiberaceae, consisting of more than 100 species found in tropical regions of Afro-Eurasia.

Some of the larger species have leafy shoots reaching almost 10 metres high, and the bases of these shoots are so stout as to seem almost woody.  Others of the species grow as clumps of leafy shoots; while others have such long creeping rhizomes that each of their leafy shoots can be more than a metre apart.

Unique and distinctive to all Etlingera is a tube forming above the point where the base of the flowers petals joins onto the plant (i.e. above the  insertion of the  corolla lobes).
Synaptura
Synaptura is a genus of soles. Most species are found in salt and brackish water in the Indo-Pacific and tropical East Atlantic, but S. salinarum is restricted to fresh water in Australia. The largest species in the genus reaches a length of 50 cm (20 in).

Paul Chabanaud retained the genus named Synaptura for this group and he designated Pleuronectes commersonnii as its type species. This designation is incorrect according to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature and Synaptura as designated by Theodore Edward Cantor is a synonym of Brachirus. Due to this some workers have assigned the species previously assigned to Synaptura, as raised by Chabanaud to Dagetichthys, a previously monotypic genus which contained just Dagetichthys lakdoensis. This more broadly defined Dagetichthys for a monophyletic clade. Buglossidium luteum seems to be the most closely related taxon to Dagetichthys.

Dagetichthys lakdoensis
Dagetichthys lakdoensis is a species of freshwater sole native to the Bénoué basin in Cameroon, with recent records from Nigeria in the Niger Delta.  This species grows to a length of 40 centimetres (16 in) TL.  This species is one of three known members of its genus, the others being the marine Dagetichthys lusitanicus and Dagetichthys marginatus (Boulenger, 1900)
Panto!
Panto! is a 2012 one-off Christmas special, made by Baby Cow Productions and broadcast by ITV on Thursday 27 December 2012.
The special centres on Lewis Loud, a local Morecambe disk jockey in his stage debut of Dick Whittington at the Grand Theatre, Lancaster as Jack the Lad.

Dick Whittington and His Cat
Dick Whittington and His Cat is the English folklore surrounding the real-life Richard Whittington (c. 1354 – 1423), wealthy merchant and later Lord Mayor of London. The legend describes his rise from poverty-stricken childhood with the fortune he made through the sale of his cat to a rat-infested country. Although the real Whittington was actually of high birth and likely did not own a cat, he did become a merchant and politician and was remembered for his public projects and charitable investments.

Another element in the legend is that Dick attempted to flee his service as a scullion one night, heading towards home (or reached Highgate Hill in later tradition), but was dissuaded by the sound of Bow bells, which promised he would be mayor of London one day.

Since the pre-Victorian era, the story has been a favourite subject of British pantomime, especially during Christmas season.
Truncated 8-simplexes
In eight-dimensional geometry, a truncated 8-simplex is a convex uniform 8-polytope, being a truncation of the regular 8-simplex.

There are four unique degrees of truncation. Vertices of the truncation 8-simplex are located as pairs on the edge of the 8-simplex. Vertices of the bitruncated 8-simplex are located on the triangular faces of the 8-simplex. Vertices of the tritruncated 8-simplex are located inside the tetrahedral cells of the 8-simplex.

8-simplex
In geometry, an 8-simplex is a self-dual regular 8-polytope. It has 9 vertices, 36 edges, 84 triangle faces, 126 tetrahedral cells, 126 5-cell 4-faces, 84 5-simplex 5-faces, 36 6-simplex 6-faces, and 9 7-simplex 7-faces. Its dihedral angle is cos−1(1/8), or approximately 82.82°.

It can also be called an enneazetton, or ennea-8-tope, as a 9-facetted polytope in eight-dimensions. The name enneazetton is derived from ennea for nine facets in Greek and -zetta for having seven-dimensional facets, with suffix -on.
Jonathan Bowers gives it the acronym ene.
USS Stalwart (MSO-493)
USS Stalwart (MSO-493) was an Agile-class minesweeper acquired by the U.S. Navy for the task of removing mines that had been placed in the water to prevent the safe passage of ships.

The second ship to be named Stalwart by the Navy, MSO-493, ex-AM-493, was laid down on 22 June 1954 by Broward Marine Shipbuilding Co. Inc., Fort Lauderdale, Florida, launched on 3 December 1955; sponsored by Mrs. Dante B. Fascelli; and commissioned on 23 April 1957.

Agile-class minesweeper
The Agile-class minesweepers are a class of US-built ocean-going minesweepers. 58 ships were built for the United States Navy, 35 ships were built for the allied NATO navies of Belgium, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway and Portugal. Thirteen ships were later transferred to Belgium, Spain, Taiwan, the Philippines and Uruguay.

There is some confusion on how to name this class. The class is often described as the Aggressive class, as USS Aggressive (MSO-422) was the first ship to be commissioned. Sometimes four ships are a Dash-class subclass, although all ships are of the same design.