hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jay Naidoo
Jayaseelan Naidoo (born 1954) is a South African politician and businessman who served as the founding general secretary of the Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) from 1985 to 1993. He then served as Minister responsible for the Reconstruction and Development Programme in the first post-apartheid cabinet of President Nelson Mandela (1994–1996) and as Minister of Post, Telecommunications, and Broadcasting (1996–1999).

Naidoo was a member of the NEC of the African National Congress.

Minister of Communications and Digital Technologies
The minister of communications and digital technologies (formerly minister of communications, minister of posts, telecommunications and broadcasting and minister of posts and yelecommunications) is a minister in the Government of South Africa, responsible for overseeing the Department of Communications and Digital Technologies.

In May 2014 President Jacob Zuma split the ministry by establishing the position of minister of telecommunications and postal services alongside the minister of communications. However, in a cabinet reshuffle in November 2018, President Cyril Ramaphosa announced the reversal of the split, absorbing the telecommunications and postal services functions back into the Ministry of Communications. The respective departments did not merge until after the 2019 general election. After the election Ramaphosa renamed the office as the minister of communications and digital technologies.
Roberto Cavalli (company)
Roberto Cavalli S.p.A. (Italian pronunciation: [roˈbɛrto kaˈvalli]) is an Italian luxury fashion company founded by the designer Roberto Cavalli in Osmannoro, Florence, during the 1970s. Known for animal prints on leather and textiles, the label manufactures and markets haute couture, ready-to-wear, and accessories, including handbags, eye wear, watches, swimwear, pens, bagpacks, shoes, perfumes and jewelry. The company is also involved in interior design projects for high-end buildings and hotels.

In 2015, the Italian investment fund Clessidra SGR acquired a 90 percent stake in Roberto Cavalli to relaunch the company. Sergio Azzolari was a CEO of the company and Fausto Puglisi the creative director.

Haute couture
Haute couture is the creation of exclusive custom-fitted high-end fashion design. The term haute couture generally refers to a specific type of upper garment common in Europe during the 16th to the 18th century, or to the upper portion of a modern dress to distinguish it from the skirt and sleeves. Beginning in the mid-nineteenth century, Paris became the centre of a growing industry that focused on making outfits from high-quality, expensive, often unusual fabric and sewn with extreme attention to detail and finished by the most experienced and capable of sewers—often using time-consuming, hand-executed techniques. Couture is also commonly used on its own as an abbreviation of haute couture, referring to the same concept in spirit.
Khirbet Mudayna as-Saliya
Khirbet Mudayna as-Saliya is an archaeological site consisting of the remains of an ancient desert fortress situated on an isolated promontory in central Jordan. Archaeological surveys indicate activity during the Iron Age and classical periods, with its peak occupation occurring in the late Hellenistic to early Roman era.

The ruins exhibit architectural and hydrological features comparable to those of the fortress at Machaerus; their characteristics, including the type of the cisterns and the presence of a mikveh (Jewish ritual bath), suggest that the site was originally constructed by the Hasmonean Kingdom of Judea, with later reoccupation by the Nabataeans.

Félix-Marie Abel
Félix-Marie Abel (29 December 1878 – 24 March 1953) was a French archaeologist, a geographer, and a professor at the École Biblique in Jerusalem. A Dominican priest, he was one of the most prominent bible scholars in the end of Ottoman era and British Mandate era. His work "remains even today the authority on the Greek sources for Palestine", according to Benedict T. Viviano.
Mile End South, South Australia
Mile End South, a suburb of Adelaide, South Australia, is in City of West Torrens. The name, denoting an area south of Mile End, was in use as early as 1913, but was only formally adopted by the state's nomenclature committee in 1944.

Mile End, South Australia
Mile End is an inner western suburb of Adelaide, located in the City of West Torrens, around 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) from the Adelaide city centre. It has a census area population of 4,413 people (2011). Much of the suburb is residential, but there are small commercial areas along Henley Beach Road and South Road.
Roberto Losada
Roberto Losada Rodríguez (born 25 October 1976) is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a forward. He is the current caretaker manager of the Hong Kong national team.

Over seven seasons, he amassed La Liga totals of 113 games and 27 goals, almost all with Real Oviedo. He also appeared in 124 Segunda División matches (16 goals), and spent two years in Hong Kong with Kitchee.

After retirement, Losada worked as a manager in Hong Kong.

2023–24 Hong Kong FA Cup
The 2023–24 Hong Kong FA Cup was the 49th edition of the Hong Kong FA Cup. 11 teams entered this edition. The competition is only open to clubs who participate in the 2023–24 Hong Kong Premier League, with lower division sides entering the Junior Division, a separate competition. The winners of this year's FA Cup qualified for the 2024–25 AFC Champions League Two group stage.

Kitchee were the defending champions of the competition, but were eliminated in the semi-finals.

Eastern became the champions for the sixth time after beating Sham Shui Po in the final.
Language School "Dr. Petar Beron"
Foreign Language School "Dr. Petar Beron"  is a secondary school in Kyustendil, Bulgaria, established in 1987, initially opening two classes in English, expanding to French, German and Russian the following year, and Spanish being added to the curriculum in more recent years. The school teaches the foreign language exclusively in the first year of the five-year study, then offering the STEM subjects in the respective language from Year 2. The educational process lasts 5 years (8-12 grades). It is situated in a baroque building, originally built for a hunting lodge of Ferdinand I of Bulgaria in 1904.

The school is named after 19th century Bulgarian educator Petar Beron.

Kyustendil
Kyustendil (Bulgarian: Кюстендил [kʲustenˈdiɫ]) is a town in the far west of Bulgaria, the capital of the Kyustendil Province, a former bishopric and present Latin Catholic titular see.

The town is situated in the southern part of the Kyustendil Valley, near the borders of Serbia and North Macedonia; 90 km southwest of Sofia, 130 km northeast of Skopje and 243 km north of Thessaloniki. The population is 37 799, with a Bulgarian majority and a Roma minority. During the Iron Age, a Thracian settlement was located within the town, later known as Roman in the 1st century AD. In the Middle Ages, the town switched hands between the Byzantine Empire, Bulgaria and Serbia, prior to Ottoman annexation in 1395. After centuries of Ottoman rule, the town became part of an independent Bulgarian state in 1878.
2022 Czech Women's Curling Championship
The 2022 Czech Women's Curling Championship (Czech: MČR žen 2022) was held in Prague from March 3 to 8, 2022.

Four teams took part in the championship.

The team "Liboc 3" skipped this time by Alžběta Baudyšová won the championship (Baudyšová won her seventh title as player and first as skip).

The 2022 Czech Men's Curling Championship was held simultaneously with this championship at the same arena.

Czech Women's Curling Championship
The Czech Women's Curling Championship (Czech: MČR žen) is the national championship of women's curling in the Czech Republic. It has been held annually since 1991 and organized by the Czech Curling Association.
Ropsley and Humby
Ropsley and Humby is a civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. According to the 2001 Census it had a population of 808, increasing to 816 at the 2011 census. The parish consists of the small villages of Ropsley and Great Humby and the larger Little Humby, and the Deserted Medieval Villages of Overton Green and Ogarth.

The northern edge of the parish is formed by the A52 Grantham to Boston road, and the eastern edge is largely coincident with the former line of the Roman road King Street between Stainfield and Anacaster.  Part of this boundary is the ancient 'long hollow'. The parish is around 100m above sea level on the Lincolnshire limestone hills between Grantham and the Fens. The open country in the north of the parish is known as Ropsley Moor

For the purposes of local democracy, the parish is administered with adjacent Braceby and Sapperton.

South Kesteven
South Kesteven is a local government district in Lincolnshire, England, forming part of the traditional Kesteven division of the county. Its council is based in Grantham. The district also includes the towns of Bourne, Market Deeping and Stamford, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas.

South Kesteven borders North Kesteven to the north, South Holland to the east, the City of Peterborough and North Northamptonshire to the south, Rutland to the south-west, the Melton district of Leicestershire to the west, and the Newark and Sherwood district of Nottinghamshire to the north-west.
2002–03 Atalanta BC season
Atalanta BC lost its momentum it had built in its first two Serie A seasons in its stint, eventually being relegated following a playoff against Reggina. The championship was such competitive than Atalanta was only four points away from repeating its 9th place from the 2001-02 season, but instead had to face Serie B competition, losing key players such as Cristiano Doni, Luciano Zauri and Ousmane Dabo to bigger clubs.

Luciano Zauri
Luciano Zauri (Italian pronunciation: [luˈtʃaːno dˈdzauri]; born 20 January 1978) is an Italian football coach and a former player who played as a full-back or wide midfielder on either flank. He is the head coach of Serie C Group B club Campobasso.
PKS J1158+2621
PKS J1158+2621 is a low-ionization nuclear emission line region (LINER) galaxy located in the constellation of Leo. The redshift of the galaxy is (z) 0.112 and it was first discovered as an astronomical radio source by E.T. Olsen at Owens Valley Radio Observatory in California in August 1967, where it was given the designation as 4C 26.35 or 4C 26.35A. It is classified as a radio galaxy and is one of the brightest known cluster galaxies in Abell 1425 although being nondominant.

Leo (constellation)
Leo /ˈliːoʊ/ is one of the constellations of the zodiac, between Cancer, the Crab, to the west and Virgo, the Maiden, to the east. It is located in the Northern celestial hemisphere. Its name is Latin for lion, and to the ancient Greeks represented the Nemean Lion killed by the mythical Greek hero Heracles as one of his twelve labors. Its old astronomical symbol is  (♌︎). One of the 48 constellations described by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, Leo remains one of the 88 modern constellations today, and one of the most easily recognizable due to its many bright stars and a distinctive shape that is reminiscent of the crouching lion it depicts.
John Greycrow
John Greycrow is a fictional mutant  character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Originally known as the villain Scalphunter, the character first appeared in The Uncanny X-Men #210, and was created by Chris Claremont, John Romita Jr. and Dan Green. Greycrow has the ability to manipulate mechanical constructs into any form he desires, as well as superhuman regeneration.

The character was a longtime member of the supervillain group, the Marauders, but joined a superhero team, the Hellions, during the Krakoan Age of X-Men comics.

Utopia (comics)
"Utopia" is a 2009 comic book crossover story arc written by Matt Fraction and published by Marvel Comics, starring the X-Men and the Dark Avengers. The first issue was released in June 2009. The story's aftermath leads into the "Nation X."

After a mutant riot and an anti-mutant riot in San Francisco, Norman Osborn tries to enforce peace by creating his own team of Dark X-Men to serve in much the same way the Dark Avengers did, using these teams to bring down the real X-Men.
ISO 3166-2:TN
ISO 3166-2:TN is the entry for Tunisia in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

Currently for Tunisia, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for 24 governorates.

Each code consists of two parts, separated by a hyphen. The first part is TN, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Tunisia. The second part is two digits.

ISO 3166-1 alpha-2
ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 codes are two-letter country codes defined in ISO 3166-1, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), to represent countries, dependent territories, and special areas of geographical interest. They are the most widely used of the country codes published by ISO (the others being alpha-3 and numeric), and are used most prominently for the Internet's country code top-level domains (with a few exceptions). They were first included as part of the ISO 3166 standard in its first edition in 1974.
Thomas Evans (strongman)
Thomas 'Tom' Evans (born 9 May 1994) is an American Strongman from Franklin, North Carolina.

Evans worked as an athletics assistant strength and conditioning coach at the University of Delaware and was also an American football player before trying out for 2021 America's Strongest Man. The following year, within a span of 6 months, he won both the 2022 Arnold Amateur and the Shaw Classic Open which paved the way for him to attend other high level international competitions.

Evans has qualified for the World's Strongest Man competition on three occasions (2023, 2024, 2025) but has yet to reach the finals. He secured fifth place at the 2023 Arnold Strongman Classic, sixth at the 2023 Strongest Man on Earth and sixth at the 2024 Rogue Invitational. His best performance was at 2025 Strongest Man on Earth where he won third place behind Evan Singleton and Lucas Hatton.

Lucas Hatton
Lucas Hatton (born 28 April 1995) is a professional strongman from Eatonville, Washington. He is the reigning three-times America's Strongest Man.

As a collegiate athlete for Pacific Lutheran University, Hatton played football, track and field (notably shot put, discus and hammer), weightlifting and powerlifting. In 2018 he started competing in local strongman competitions and gradually excelled into the international circuit, emerging fifth at 2022 Official Strongman Games.
Contributory copyright infringement
Contributory copyright infringement is a way of imposing secondary liability for infringement of a copyright. It is a means by which a person may be held liable for copyright infringement even though they did not directly engage in the infringing activity. It is one of the two forms of secondary liability apart from vicarious liability. Contributory infringement is understood to be a form of infringement in which a person is not directly violating a copyright but induces or authorizes another person to directly infringe the copyright.

This doctrine is a development of general tort law and is an extension of the principle in tort law that in addition to the tortfeasor, anyone who contributed to the tort should also be held liable.

Information Technology Act, 2000
The Information Technology Act, 2000 (also known as ITA-2000, or the IT Act) is an Act of the Indian Parliament (No 21 of 2000) notified on 17 October 2000. It is the primary law in India dealing with cybercrime and electronic commerce.

Secondary or subordinate legislation to the IT Act includes the Intermediary Guidelines Rules 2011 and the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021.
Brighton Pride
Brighton and Hove Pride is an annual LGBT pride event held in the city of Brighton and Hove, England, organised by Brighton Pride, a community interest company (CIC) which promotes equality and diversity, and advances education to eliminate discrimination against the lesbian, gay, bisexual and trans (LGBTQ) community.

The major event is an annual summer festival held in the first week of August, which usually consists of a parade through the city centre, a festival event in Preston Park, the Gay Village party and other club parties. Since 2013, it has also included an arts and film festival and a Pride dog show.

Pride attracts an estimated 500,000 people to the city over the Pride weekend across the Pride parade, Pride in the Park festival, and related events. Pride brings 2% of the city's annual visitors in one day and an estimated £30.5 million to the city's economy, credited as one of the main ways Brighton has boosted its economy from tourism.

Brighton and Hove
Brighton and Hove (/ˈbraɪtən ... ˈhoʊv/ BRY-tən … HOHV) is a city and unitary authority area, ceremonially in East Sussex, England. There are multiple villages alongside the seaside resorts of Brighton and Hove in the district. It is administered by Brighton and Hove City Council, which is currently under Labour majority control.

The two resorts, along with Worthing and Littlehampton in West Sussex, make up the second most-populous built-up area of South East England, after South Hampshire. In 2014, Brighton and Hove City Council and other nearby councils formed the Greater Brighton City Region local enterprise partnership area.
Bristol Central
Bristol Central is a parliamentary constituency located within the City of Bristol in South West England. It returns one Member of Parliament (MP)  to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Since 2024, it has been represented by Carla Denyer, former co-leader of the Green Party.

A constituency of this name existed from 1918 to 1974. The modern constituency was re-established in 2024 as a successor to Bristol West.

Bristol City Council
Bristol City Council is the local authority for the city of Bristol, in South West England. Bristol has had a council from medieval times, which has been reformed on numerous occasions. Since 1996 the council has been a unitary authority, being a district council which also performs the functions of a county council. Bristol has also formed its own ceremonial county since 1996. Since 2017 the council has been a member of the West of England Combined Authority.

The council has been under no overall control since 2021. Following the 2024 election the Green Party was the largest party. Green councillor Tony Dyer was appointed leader of the council, and committee chair positions were shared amongst the Greens and Liberal Democrats. The council is based at City Hall on College Green.
Band V
Band V (meaning Band 5) is the name of a radio frequency range within the ultra high frequency part of the electromagnetic spectrum. It is not to be confused with the V band in the ultra high frequency part of the spectrum.

Sources differ on the exact frequency range of UHF Band V. For example, the Broadcast engineer's reference book and the BBC define the range as 614 to 854 MHz. The IPTV India Forum define the range as 582 to 806 MHz and the DVB Worldwide website refers to the range as 585 to 806 MHz. Band V is primarily used for analogue and digital (DVB-T & ATSC) television broadcasting, as well as radio microphones and  services intended for mobile devices such as DVB-H.  With the close-down of analog television services most countries have auctioned off frequencies from 694 MHz and up to 4G cellular network providers.

Radio frequency
Radio frequency (RF) is the oscillation rate of an alternating electric current or voltage or of a magnetic, electric or electromagnetic field or mechanical system in the frequency range from around 20 kHz to around 300 GHz. These are the frequencies at which energy from an oscillating current can radiate off a conductor into space as radio waves, so they are used in radio technology, among other uses.  Different sources specify different upper and lower bounds for the frequency range.
Buster Williams
Charles Anthony "Buster" Williams (born April 17, 1942) is an American jazz bassist. Williams is known for his membership in pianist Herbie Hancock's early 1970s group, as well as working with guitarist Larry Coryell, the Thelonious Monk repertory band Sphere and as the accompanist of choice for many singers, including Nancy Wilson.

Muse Records
Muse Records was a jazz record company and label founded in New York City by Joe Fields in 1972.

Fields worked as an executive for Prestige Records in the 1960s. Several of the albums were previously released on Cobblestone Records. Muse also had another label, Onyx Records, which operated until 1978, when Fields and collaborator Don Schlitten ended their professional relationship.

In the late 1970s, Muse partnered with the Dutch Timeless Records to distribute Timeless Muse.

Muse was sold in 1996 to 32 Jazz, which repackaged and reissued a large amount of Muse recordings. In 2003, Savoy Jazz (which had become a subsidiary of Nippon Columbia) acquired the rights to the Muse catalog (along with that of Landmark) from 32 Jazz.

Fields later founded HighNote Records and Savant Records; many Muse artists later recorded for these labels as well.
Manila Accord
The Manila Accord was signed on 31 July 1963 by the Federation of Malaya, the Republic of Indonesia and the Republic of the Philippines, after a meeting from 7 to 11 June 1963 in Manila.

Initiated by President of the Philippines Diosdado Macapagal, the meeting was convened to resolve issues over the wishes of people in North Borneo and Sarawak within the context of United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1541 (XV), Principle 9 of the Annex taking into account the referendum in North Borneo and Sarawak that would be free and without coercion.

Crown Colony of North Borneo
The Crown Colony of North Borneo was a Crown colony on the island of Borneo established in 1946 shortly after the dissolution of the British Military Administration. The Crown Colony of Labuan joined the new Crown colony during its formation. It was succeeded as the state of Sabah through the formation of the Federation of Malaysia on 16 September 1963.
Daylesford House
Daylesford House is a Georgian country house near Daylesford, Gloucestershire, England, on the north bank of the River Evenlode near the border with Oxfordshire, 5 miles (8.0 km) east of Stow-on-the-Wold and 5 miles (8.0 km) west of Chipping Norton. The village of Daylesford lies nearby to the west, Adlestrop to the north, Cornwell to the east, and Kingham to the south,

The house has been listed Grade I on the National Heritage List for England since 1960, and its gardens were subsequently Grade II* listed on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens in 1986. The grounds include an orangery in late 18th century Gothic style, which has a separate Grade I listing. The stable block and ice house in the grounds are also separately Grade II listed.

Adlestrop
Adlestrop (/ˈædəlstrɒp/) is a village and civil parish in the Cotswolds, 3 miles (5 km) east of Stow-on-the-Wold, Gloucestershire, England, on the county boundary with Oxfordshire. The River Evenlode forms the southwest boundary of the parish. The village is on a stream that flows southwest to join the river.

The A436 road, which links the A44 road in Oxfordshire with Stow-on-the-Wold, passes through the parish just south of the village. The Cotswold Line railway passes along the Evenlode valley southwest of the village and until 1966 had a station here. The village is best known for the 1917 poem "Adlestrop" by Edward Thomas, which tells of an unexpected stop at the station.

Since 1935 the parish of Adlestrop has included the village of Daylesford. The 2011 Census recorded the parish population as 120.