hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
George W. Adair Jr.
George Washington Adair Jr. (b. 1874, Atlanta; d. November 5, 1921, Atlanta) was the son of Col. George Washington Adair, an important developer of real estate in Atlanta and of the Atlanta streetcar system. Adair Jr. also worked in real estate development in partnership with his brother Forrest, and together they developed today's historic neighborhoods such as Adair Park, West End Park (now known as Westview), and, in conjunction with Asa Candler, Druid Hills. He married Sarah Glenn in 1897.

Adair was the second president of the Atlanta Athletic Club and was instrumental in building the East Lake Country Club (now East Lake Golf Club). Known as the Father of Golf in Atlanta, he helped mentor Bobby Jones. His own son, Perry Adair, was a champion golfer and is a member of the Georgia Golf Hall of Fame.

Streetcars in Atlanta
Streetcars in Atlanta originally operated between Downtown Atlanta and the surrounding areas from 1871 until the final line's closure in 1949.

The first such transportation began with horsecars in 1871, and electric streetcar service started in the 1880s. In addition to streetcars in Atlanta proper, there were also interurban railways from Atlanta to outlying towns. The last streetcar service on the old network ended in 1949; the streetcar system was quickly replaced by a trolleybus system and with buses.

After decades of planning, construction of a new streetcar system, the Atlanta Streetcar, began in early 2012. Consisting initially of a single route, this new streetcar line opened in December 2014. Planning for a larger network, including on an abandoned loop of intown rail tracks now known as the Beltline is under way.
Roger Maynwaring
Roger Maynwaring (variously spelled Mainwaring or Manwaring; c. 1589/1590 – 29 June 1653) was an English bishop in the Church of England. He was censured by Parliament in 1628 for sermons perceived as undermining the law and constitution.

Although his exact motivations remain uncertain, Maynwaring was not associated with Arminianism, unlike his contemporary William Laud. Many of his contemporaries speculated that his actions were driven by ambition and a desire for advancement.

In 1636, he was appointed Bishop of St Davids. In 1641, the Long Parliament issued a warrant for his arrest, prompting him to flee to Ireland. He returned to England in July 1642, shortly before the outbreak of the First English Civil War. Deprived of his see, he retired to Brecon, Wales, where he died in June 1653.

Bishop of St Davids
The Bishop of St Davids is the ordinary of the Church in Wales Diocese of St Davids.

The succession of bishops stretches back to Saint David who in the 6th century established his seat in what is today the city of St Davids in Pembrokeshire, founding St Davids Cathedral. The most recent former bishop of St Davids was Joanna Penberthy, who retired on 31 July 2023. On 17 October 2023, Dorrien Davies, Archdeacon of Carmarthen, was elected to become the next Bishop; the confirmation of his election (where he legally became Bishop) happened on 29 November 2023 and his episcopal consecration took place on 27 January 2024 at Bangor Cathedral.
2019 Tour of California
The 2019 Tour of California was a road cycling stage race that took place between 12 and 18 May 2019 in the United States. It was the 14th and final edition of the Tour of California and the 24th race of the 2019 UCI World Tour.

2019 UCI World Tour
The 2019 UCI World Tour was a series of races that included thirty-eight road cycling events throughout the 2019 men's cycling season. It was the first time since the World Tour was launched by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) in 2009 that it was not a ranking competition in its own right. The tour started with the opening stage of the Tour Down Under on 15 January and concluded with the final stage of the Tour of Guangxi on 22 October.
Bowling Green Studies in Applied Philosophy
Bowling Green Studies in Applied Philosophy is a series of conference proceedings produced by the philosophy department at Bowling Green State University on the subject of applied philosophy. Each volume consists of selected papers presented at the annual conference on applied philosophy held at Bowling Green from 1979 to 1986. These conferences were sponsored by the university's Applied Philosophy Program with support from the National Endowment for the Humanities.  The eight volumes in this series explore the philosophical implications of social problems whose solutions require rational planning and decision making. The series was produced in cooperation with the Philosophy Documentation Center. Contributors to the series include Frithjof Bergmann, Myles Brand, David Hoekema, Jaegwon Kim, Joseph Margolis, Jan Narveson, Douglas Rasmussen, Nicholas Rescher, Robert C. Solomon, James Sterba, and Iris Young.

Philosophy Documentation Center
The Philosophy Documentation Center (PDC) is a non-profit publisher and resource center that provides access to scholarly materials in applied ethics, classics, philosophy, religious studies, and related disciplines. It publishes academic journals, conference proceedings, anthologies, and online research databases, often in cooperation with scholarly and professional associations. It also provides membership management and electronic publishing services, and hosts electronic journals, series, and other publications from several countries.
Weyl's postulate
In relativistic cosmology, Weyl's postulate stipulates that in the Friedmann model of the universe (a fluid cosmological model), the wordlines of fluid particles (modeling galaxies) should be hypersurface orthogonal. Meaning, they should form a 3-bundle of non-intersecting geodesics orthogonal to a series of spacelike hypersurfaces (hyperslices).

Sometimes, the additional hypothesis is added that the world lines form timelike geodesics.

Geodesics in general relativity
In general relativity, a geodesic generalizes the notion of a "straight line" to curved spacetime. Importantly, the world line of a particle free from all external, non-gravitational forces is a particular type of geodesic. In other words, a freely moving or falling particle always moves along a geodesic.

In general relativity, gravity can be regarded as not a force but a consequence of a curved spacetime geometry where the source of curvature is the stress–energy tensor (representing matter, for instance).  Thus, for example, the path of a planet orbiting a star is the projection of a geodesic of the curved four-dimensional (4-D) spacetime geometry around the star onto three-dimensional (3-D) space.
Helsey
Helsey is a hamlet in the civil parish of Mumby, and the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. It lies on the A52 1 mile (1.6 km) north-east from Hogsthorpe, 3 miles (5 km) east from Willoughby and 1 mile south from Mumby.

In 1885 Kelly's noted that Helsey was in the parish of Hogsthorpe, an agricultural area of 2,870 acres (11.6 km2) supporting the production of wheat, beans and oats, and an 1881 population of 719.

Willoughby, Lincolnshire
Willoughby is a village in the district of East Lindsey, Lincolnshire, England. It is situated three miles (five kilometres) south from the market town of Alford, and on the edge of the Lincolnshire Wolds, an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences
The Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences (ICAMS) is the purpose-built British Heart Foundation cardiovascular research facility at the University of Glasgow. The Director of this Institute is Rhian Touyz, MSc (Med), PhD. ICAMS is part of the College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, which was formed in 2010.

British Heart Foundation
The British Heart Foundation (BHF) is a cardiovascular research charity in the United Kingdom. It funds medical research related to heart and circulatory diseases and their risk factors, and runs influencing work aimed at shaping public policy and raising awareness.

In 2021, a study conducted by YouGov ranked the British Heart Foundation as the top charity or organisation in the UK by per cent of adults who hold a positive opinion of the organisation.
Rosa sherardii
Rosa sherardii (syn. Rosa omissa), the northern downy rose or Sherard's downy-rose, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rosaceae. A shrub reaching 2 m (7 ft), it is native to cooler parts of Europe, and has been introduced to the US state of Vermont. In the garden it prefers a sheltered location in full sun with moist but well-drained soil. More compact than Rosa tomentosa, its grey-leaved form in particular is considered under-represented in cultivation.

Rosa tomentosa
Rosa tomentosa, otherwise known as the harsh downy-rose, is a species of wild rose. It is a shrub growing to about 3 metres (10 ft). It is found in Asia Minor, the Caucasus (where it may not be native), and much of Europe: the British Isles, France, Central Europe, northern Spain, Italy, and the Balkans (except Greece).
On the British Isles it can be found in hedgerows and woodland margins, and it typically flowers between June and July. Further south, in Bulgaria, it flowers in May.
Bulmer Hobson
John Bulmer Hobson (14 January 1883 – 8 August 1969) was an Irish republican. He was a leading member of the Irish Volunteers and the Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB) before the Easter Rising in 1916. Hobson swore Patrick Pearse into membership of the IRB in late 1913. He opposed and attempted to prevent the Easter Rising. Hobson was also chief of staff of Fianna Éireann, which he helped to found.

Holywood, County Down
Holywood (/ˈhɒliwʊd/ HOL-ee-wuud; from Latin  Sanctus Boscus 'holy wood') is a town in the metropolitan area of Belfast in County Down, Northern Ireland. It is a civil parish and townland of 306 hectares (755 acres) lying on the shore of Belfast Lough, between Belfast and Bangor. Holywood Exchange and Belfast City Airport are nearby.
Cathedral Square, Milan (painting)
Cathedral Square, Milan is a 1968 painting by Gerhard Richter. The photorealistic painting is one of Richter's largest figurative paintings at 2.75 m x 2.90 m. It depicts Milan's Cathedral Square between the Galleria Vittorio Emanuele and the Milan Cathedral. It was sold by Sotheby's in New York on 14 May 2013 for 37.1 million dollars, breaking Richter's own record price for an artwork by a living artist, his 1994 32.4 million dollar painting Abstraktes Bild (809-1).

Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II
The Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II (Italian: [ɡalleˈriːa vitˈtɔːrjo emanuˈɛːle seˈkondo]; Lombard: Galeria Vittori Emanuel) is Italy's oldest active shopping arcade and a major landmark of Milan. Housed within a four-story double arcade in the centre of town, the Galleria is named after Victor Emmanuel II, the first king of the Kingdom of Italy. It was designed in 1861 and built by architect Giuseppe Mengoni between 1865 and 1877.
André Abegglen
André Abegglen (7 March 1909 – 8 November 1944) was a Swiss football player and manager. As a striker he played for Grasshoppers, French club Sochaux and the Switzerland national team, for whom he appeared in two World Cups. He is the brother of Max Abegglen and Jean Abegglen, both players of the Swiss national team. He died in 1944, at the age of just 35, to the cause of a heart attack.

Central European International Cup
The European International Cup of Nations was an international football competition held by certain national teams from Central Europe & South Europe between 1927 and 1960. There were competitions for professional and amateur teams. Participating nations were: Italy, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Switzerland, Poland, Romania, and (in the final competition) Yugoslavia. Poland and Romania only competed in the amateur competition.

Played as a league on a home and away basis, it was contested six times and each single tournament usually took more than two years to complete. The last two tournaments lasted five years. It was discontinued in 1960, when the European Football Championship started. Winners of the competition included the Austrian Wunderteam of the early 1930s, the Italy team that also won two World Cups in the 1930s, the Golden Team of Hungary and the Czechoslovakia team that later finished as World Cup runners up in 1962.
Beitstad Municipality
Beitstad (Urban East Norwegian: [ˈbæ̂ɪtstɑ]) is a former municipality in what was Nord-Trøndelag county, Norway.  The 201-square-kilometre (78 sq mi) municipality existed from 1838 until its dissolution in 1964. The area is now part of Steinkjer Municipality in Trøndelag county.  Beitstad was originally quite large, but by 1964, it included the areas east of the Beitstadsundet and Hjellbotn bay and north of the inner-most parts of the Trondheimsfjorden.  The administrative centre was the village of Beitstad where Beitstad Church is located.

Prior to its dissolution in 1963, the 201-square-kilometre (78 sq mi) municipality was the 370th largest by area out of the 689 municipalities in Norway. Beitstad Municipality was the 353rd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of about 2,601. The municipality's population density was 13 inhabitants per square kilometre (34/sq mi) and its population had decreased by 1.7% over the previous 10-year period.

Beitstadfjorden
Beitstadfjorden (Urban East Norwegian: [ˈbæ̂ɪtstɑˌfjuːɳ]) is the innermost arm of the Trondheimsfjord in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located in Steinkjer Municipality, Inderøy Municipality, and a small part extends into Indre Fosen Municipality. The fjord has a length of 28 kilometres (17 mi) from southwest to northeast, and a width of about 6 to 8 kilometres (3.7 to 5.0 mi).

The fjord begins at the Skarnsund strait in the south and extends northeast to the city of Steinkjer. On the far western part of the fjord, the Verrasundet strait extends south to the village of Verrabotn in Indre Fosen Municipality, while in the north the Beitstad strait stretches northward past the villages of Malm, Beitstad, and Vellamelen. In Inderøy Municipality, the villages of Kjerknesvågen and Breivika are located along the shoreline. Follafoss is located along the north side of the fjord.
Hidra, Vest-Agder
Hidra is a former municipality that was located in the old Vest-Agder county in Norway. The 90-square-kilometre (35 sq mi) municipality existed from 1893 until its dissolution in 1965. It encompassed the islands and southern coastal part of the present-day municipality of Flekkefjord in what is now Agder county. The municipality included the islands of Hidra and Andabeløya as well as 56 other islands, plus the mainland coast from Abelsnes to the river Sira. The administrative centre was the village of Kirkehavn where Hidra Church is located.

Hidra was home to Olav Omland (1909–1998), a landscape and coastal painter. He was also a poet and songwriter, and composed the song about Hidra "Hidrasangen". Hidra was also home to the eccentric personality and artist Tatjana Lars Kristian Guldbrandsen.

Sira (river)
Sira is a river in southwestern Norway. The 152-kilometre (94 mi) long river flows begins in the Sirdalsheiane mountains near the borders of Agder and Rogaland counties.  The headwaters of the river is the lake Ytre Storevatnet and it flows south through the Sirdalen valley in the municipalities of Sirdal and Flekkefjord. The river flows through the large lakes Sirdalsvatnet and Lundevatnet before heading south on the Agder/Rogaland county border.  At the village of Åna-Sira the river empties into the Åna fjord.  The river runs through several large villages such as Åna-Sira, Sira, Tonstad, Lunde, and Kvæven.  The river drains the 1,902.7-square-kilometre (734.6 sq mi) watershed.  The Tonstad Hydroelectric Power Station is powered by water from the waterfalls along this river.
Steven Kay
Steven Walton Kay, KC (born 4 August 1954) is a British international criminal lawyer.

Educated at Epsom College and the University of Leeds, he was called to the bar at the Inner Temple in 1977. He became a Queen's Counsel (QC) in 1997. He was appointed to defend Slobodan Milosevic at his war crimes trial.

He has acted as counsel for Delawar Hossain Sayedee, deputy of Jamaat-e-Islami and accused of war crimes in 1971 by the International Crimes Tribunal (ICT) in Bangladesh. Kay has criticised the tribunal and the amendments to its authorizing act, stating, "The current system of war crimes trial and its law in Bangladesh does not include international concerns, required to ensure a fair, impartial and transparent trial." Sayeedi was convicted in February 2013 and sentenced to death for his crimes.

Epsom College
Epsom College is a co-educational independent school on Epsom Downs, Surrey, England, for pupils aged 11 to 18. It was founded in 1853 as a benevolent institution which provided a boarding school education for sons of poor or deceased members of the medical profession and also accommodation for pensioned doctors. The college soon after foundation opened to pupils from outside the medical profession. Over time the charitable work for medical professionals in hardship moved to a separate charity.  By 1996 the school was fully co-educational and now takes day pupils throughout. The headteacher is a member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference.
Recreational vehicle
A recreational vehicle, often abbreviated as RV, is a motor vehicle or trailer that includes living quarters designed for accommodation. Types of RVs include motorhomes, campervans, coaches, caravans (also known as travel trailers and campers), fifth-wheel trailers, popup campers, and truck campers.

Typical amenities of an RV include a kitchen, a bathroom, and one or more beds. RVs can range from utilitarian – containing only sleeping quarters and basic cooking facilities – to luxurious, with features like air conditioning (AC), water heaters, televisions and satellite receivers, and quartz countertops.

Pierce-Arrow Motor Car Company
The Pierce-Arrow Motor Car Company was an American motor vehicle manufacturer based in Buffalo, New York, active from 1901 to 1938. Although best known for its expensive luxury cars, Pierce-Arrow also manufactured commercial trucks, fire trucks, boats, camp trailers, motorcycles, and bicycles.
Inowłódz
Inowłódz [iˈnɔvwut͡s] is a town in Tomaszów Mazowiecki County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Inowłódz. It lies approximately 15 kilometres (9 mi) east of Tomaszów Mazowiecki and 60 km (37 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.

Tomaszów County, Łódź Voivodeship
Tomaszów County (Polish: powiat tomaszowski) is a county in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Tomaszów Mazowiecki, which lies 49 kilometres (30 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.

The county covers an area of 1,025.7 square kilometres (396.0 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 120,973, out of which the population of Tomaszów Mazowiecki is 66,705 and the rural population is 54,268.
Human Rights Tribunal of Quebec
The Human Rights Tribunal of Quebec (French: Tribunal des droits de la personne) is a specialized first-instance tribunal of the province of Quebec, Canada, that has the jurisdiction to hear and judge litigations concerning discrimination and harassment based on the prohibited grounds stipulated in the Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms, as well as concerning the exploitation of elderly or handicapped persons and affirmative action programs.

Quebec Court of Appeal
The Court of Appeal of Quebec (sometimes referred to as Quebec Court of Appeal or QCA; French: la Cour d'appel du Québec) is the highest judicial court in Quebec, Canada. It hears cases in Quebec City and Montreal.
Huxley, Cheshire
Huxley is a small rural village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Hargrave and Huxley, in the Cheshire West and Chester district, and ceremonial county of Cheshire in England. In 2001 the parish had a population of 220, increasing to 251 at the 2011 Census. The civil parish was abolished in 2015

It is home to Huxley Primary School.

Cheshire West and Chester
Cheshire West and Chester is a unitary authority area with borough status in Cheshire, England. It was established on 1 April 2009 as part of the 2009 local government changes, by virtue of an order under the Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Act 2007. It superseded the boroughs of Ellesmere Port and Neston, Vale Royal and the City of Chester. The remainder of the ceremonial county of Cheshire is composed of Cheshire East, Halton and Warrington. Cheshire West and Chester has three key urban areas: Chester, Ellesmere Port and Northwich/Winsford.

The decision to create the Cheshire West and Chester unitary authority was announced on 25 July 2007 following a consultation period, in which a proposal to create a single Cheshire unitary authority was rejected.
Big science
Big science is a term used by scientists and historians of science to describe a series of changes in science which occurred in industrial nations during and after World War II, as scientific progress increasingly came to rely on large-scale projects usually funded by national governments or groups of governments. Individual or small group efforts, or small science, are still relevant today as theoretical results by individual authors may have a significant impact, but very often the empirical verification requires experiments using constructions, such as the Large Hadron Collider, costing between $5 and $10 billion.

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL, Berkeley Lab) is a federally funded research and development center in the hills of Berkeley, California, United States. Established in 1931 by the University of California (UC), the laboratory is sponsored by the United States Department of Energy and administered by the UC system. Ernest Lawrence, who won the Nobel prize for inventing the cyclotron, founded the lab and served as its director until his death in 1958. Located in the Berkeley Hills, the lab overlooks the campus of the University of California, Berkeley.
Smutna opowieść
Smutna opowieść (Preludia do wieczności) [Polish for A Sorrowful Tale (Preludes to Eternity); less frequently translated as A Sad Story], in F-sharp minor, Op. 13 is the fifth of Mieczysław Karłowicz's six symphonic poems and the last finished work of him (though begun before this, the Epizod na maskaradzie, Op. 14 remained unfinished at the time of his death). Harmonically, it is the most innovative of all his compositions, while stylistically it is near to the aesthetic of expressionism. It is also the shortest of his symphonic poems at just 221 bars lasting about 11 minutes.

F-sharp minor
F-sharp minor is a minor scale based on F♯, consisting of the pitches F♯, G♯, A, B, C♯, D, and E. Its key signature has three sharps. Its relative major is A major and its parallel major is F-sharp major (or enharmonically G-flat major).

The F-sharp natural minor scale is:

Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The F-sharp harmonic minor and melodic minor scales are:
Farsheh
Farsheh (Persian: فرشه) is a village in Qaleh-ye Bala Rural District, in the Farah Dasht District of Kashmar County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 756, in 242 families.

Qaleh-ye Bala Rural District
Qaleh-ye Bala Rural District (Persian: دهستان قلعه بالا) is in Farah Dasht District of Kashmar County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Jordavi, whose population at the time of the 2016 National Census was 931 people in 269 households. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Qaleh-ye Bala.