hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Morgan County, Indiana
Morgan County is a county located in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 71,780. The county seat (and only incorporated city) is Martinsville.

Morgan County is between Indianapolis, in Marion County, and Bloomington in Monroe County. It is included in the Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, IN Metropolitan Statistical Area. Two major highways, Interstate 69 and Indiana State Road 67, carry large numbers of daily commuters between the two larger communities. The county has 14 townships which provide local services.

Carmel, Indiana
Carmel (/ˈkɑːrməl/) is a suburban city in Hamilton County, Indiana, United States, immediately north of Indianapolis. With a population of 99,757 as of the 2020 census, the city spans 49 square miles (130 km2) across Clay Township and is bordered by the White River to the east and the Boone County line to the west.

Carmel was home to one of the first electronic automated traffic signals in the country, and constructed 155 roundabouts between 1997 and 2025. The city is designed with walkability and pedestrian wellbeing in mind, with trails, parks and green spaces being common.
Viola of Teschen
Viola of Teschen, later known as Viola Elizabeth (Polish: Wiola Elżbieta cieszyńska, Czech: Viola Alžběta Těšínská) (c. 1291 – 21 September 1317), was Queen of Bohemia and Poland by marriage to Wenceslaus III of Bohemia.

She was the daughter of Mieszko I, Duke of Cieszyn, by his unknown wife. She was named after her paternal great-grandmother Viola, wife of Duke Casimir I of Opole.

Viola, Duchess of Opole
Viola, Duchess of Opole, also known as Veleslava (Bulgarian: Венцислава), Polish: Wencisława-Wiola; (died 7 September 1251) was a Duchess consort of Opole-Racibórz through her marriage to Casimir I. She served as regent during the minority of her sons Mieszko II and Władysław between 1230 and 1233.
Vitreomacular adhesion
Vitreomacular adhesion (VMA) is a human medical condition where the vitreous gel (or simply vitreous, AKA vitreous humour) of the human eye adheres to the retina in an abnormally strong manner. As the eye ages, it is common for the vitreous to separate from the retina. But if this separation is not complete, i.e. there is still an adhesion, this can create pulling forces on the retina that may result in subsequent loss or distortion of vision. The adhesion in of itself is not dangerous, but the resulting pathological vitreomacular traction (VMT) can cause severe ocular damage.

The current standard of care for treating these adhesions is pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), which involves surgically removing the vitreous from the eye. A biological agent for non-invasive treatment of adhesions called ocriplasmin has been approved by the FDA on October 17, 2012.

Vitrectomy
Vitrectomy is a surgery to remove some or all of the vitreous humor from the eye.

Anterior vitrectomy entails removing small portions of the vitreous humor from the front structures of the eye—often because these are tangled in an intraocular lens or other structures.

Pars plana vitrectomy is a general term for a group of operations accomplished in the deeper part of the eye, all of which involve removing some or all of the vitreous humor—the eye's clear internal jelly.

Even before the modern era, some surgeons performed crude vitrectomies. For instance, Dutch surgeon Anton Nuck (1650–1692) claimed to have removed vitreous by suction in a young man with an inflamed eye. In Boston, John Collins Warren (1778–1856) performed a crude limited vitrectomy for angle closure glaucoma.
Polylogarithmic function
In mathematics, a polylogarithmic function in n is a polynomial in the logarithm of n,

The notation logkn is often used as a shorthand for (log n)k, analogous to sin2θ for (sin θ)2.

In computer science, polylogarithmic functions occur as the order of time for some data structure operations. Additionally, the exponential function of a polylogarithmic function produces a function with quasi-polynomial growth, and algorithms with this as their time complexity are said to take quasi-polynomial time.

All polylogarithmic functions of n are o(nε) for every exponent ε > 0 (for the meaning of this symbol, see small o notation), that is, a polylogarithmic function grows more slowly than any positive exponent.  This observation is the basis for the soft O notation Õ(n).

Quasi-polynomial time
In computational complexity theory and the analysis of algorithms, an algorithm is said to take quasi-polynomial time if its time complexity is quasi-polynomially bounded. That is, there should exist a constant  such that the worst-case running time of the algorithm, on inputs of size , has an upper bound of the form

The decision problems with quasi-polynomial time algorithms are natural candidates for being NP-intermediate, neither having polynomial time nor likely to be NP-hard.
Wisconsin Avenue Line
The Wisconsin Avenue Line, designated as the Wisconsin Avenue–Union Station Line on Route D80, and Wisconsin Avenue-Foggy Bottom Line on Route D82, are bus routes operated by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority. Its main purpose is to provide service to the upper Northwest side via Wisconsin Avenue NW.

Bethesda station
Bethesda station is a rapid transit station on the Red Line of the Washington Metro system in Bethesda, Maryland. It is one of the busiest suburban Metro stations, serving on average 5,818 passengers each weekday in 2025. The Purple Line, a light rail system currently under construction, will terminate at Bethesda, providing rail service to other inner Maryland suburbs such as Silver Spring and College Park, each of which has additional north–south connections by Washington Metro, and New Carrollton, which has Amtrak and MARC connections to both Washington, D.C., and Baltimore.
Subnature
Subnature is the undesirable by-products of urbanization, industrialization, war, abandonment, and societal collapse. The concept was coined by historian David Gissen. Subnature includes things such as smog, dust, exhaust gas, industrial smoke, sewage, debris, rubble, vermin, and weeds.

The concept has been used in historical and theoretical writing on architecture, literature, music, and food studies.

Exhaust gas
Exhaust gas or flue gas is emitted as a result of the combustion of fuels such as natural gas, gasoline (petrol), diesel fuel, fuel oil, biodiesel blends, or coal. According to the type of engine, it is discharged into the atmosphere through an exhaust pipe, flue gas stack, or propelling nozzle. It often disperses downwind in a pattern called an exhaust plume.

It is a major component of motor vehicle emissions (and from stationary internal combustion engines), which can also include crankcase blow-by and evaporation of unused gasoline.

Air pollution from burning fossil fuels is estimated to kill over 5 million people each year. Motor vehicle emissions are a common source of air pollution and are a major ingredient in the creation of smog in some large cities.
2002 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race
The 2002 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race, sponsored by Rolex, was the 58th annual running of the "blue water classic" Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race. As in past editions of the race, it was hosted by the Cruising Yacht Club of Australia based in Sydney, New South Wales. The 2002 edition began on Sydney Harbour, at 1pm on Boxing Day (26 December 2002), before heading south for 630 nautical miles (1,170 km) through the Tasman Sea, past Bass Strait, into Storm Bay and up the River Derwent, to cross the finish line in Hobart, Tasmania.

The 2002 fleet comprised 57 starters of which 53 completed the race and 4 yachts retired.

Cruising Yacht Club of Australia
The Cruising Yacht Club of Australia (CYCA) was established in 1944 and soon afterwards established a clubhouse in Darling Point, inner-east Sydney. The club is known as one of Australia's premier yacht clubs, and is acknowledged as one of the leaders in ocean racing in the world. The club hosts the annual Rolex Sydney Hobart Yacht Race.

In 2024, the CYCA celebrated the 80th anniversary of the club and will be running the 80th Sydney Hobart Yacht Race in December 2025.

In October 2018, the Club finished a major makeover to its Darling Point premises, with the clubhouse fully renovated.
Ludgine River
The Ludgine River (in French: rivière Ludgine) is a tributary of the west bank of the Chaudière River which flows northward to empty onto the south shore of the St. Lawrence River.

The Ludgine River flows through Quebec, Canada, MRC of:

Beauce-Sartigan Regional County Municipality (administrative region of Chaudière-Appalaches): municipality of Saint-Hilaire-de-Dorset;

Le Granit Regional County Municipality (administrative region of Estrie): municipalities of Lac-Drolet and Saint-Ludger;

Beauce-Sartigan Regional County Municipality
Beauce-Sartigan is a regional county municipality in the Chaudière-Appalaches region of Quebec, Canada.  The county seat is Saint-Georges.

The Chaudière River flows through it.  It shares its eastern border with Maine, United States.

The name of the RCM is linked to the historical region of which it is part, Beauce. Sartigan is a distortion of Mechatigan (or Msakkikhan), the name given to the Chaudière River by the native Abenakis.
Yakami Domain
Yakami Domain (八上藩, Yakami-han) was a Japanese domain of the Edo period, located in Tanba Province (modern-day Sasayama, Hyōgo). It was ruled by Maeda Shigekatsu (a son of Maeda Gen'i) and then by Matsudaira Yasushige, the head of the Matsui-Matsudaira clan. The domain was abolished in 1609. It was replaced by the Sasayama Domain in the same year of 1609.

Matsudaira Yasushige
Matsudaira Yasushige (松平 康重, 1568 – August 14, 1640) was a Japanese samurai of the Azuchi-Momoyama through early Edo periods. He was the family head of the Matsui-Matsudaira, a family which received the Matsudaira name as an honorific following his father's service to Tokugawa Ieyasu. Yasushige ended his life as daimyō of Kishiwada han. There is a rumour claiming that he is Ieyasu's illegitimate son.
Bockenheim (Frankfurt am Main)
Bockenheim (German pronunciation: [ˈbɔkn̩haɪm] ⓘ) is a quarter of Frankfurt, Germany. It was incorporated into Frankfurt on 1 April 1895 and is part of the Ortsbezirk Innenstadt II.

Bockenheim lies west of central Frankfurt and is the third largest district by population in Frankfurt after Sachsenhausen and the Nordend, with approximately 42,000 inhabitants.

Bockenheim is bordered by the Goethe University, the Senckenberg museum and the Frankfurt Trade Fair in the south. The Bockenheimer Depot was the central tram depot, built around 1900, which is now a theatre, a venue of the Städtische Bühnen Frankfurt. Bockenheim also houses the headquarters of the Deutsche Bundesbank.

Nordend (Frankfurt am Main)
Nordend-West (German pronunciation: [ˈnɔʁtʔɛnt ˈvɛst]) and Nordend-Ost ([- ˈʔɔst]) are two quarters of Frankfurt am Main, Germany. The division into a western and an eastern part is mostly for administrative purposes, as the Nordend is generally considered an entity. Both city districts are part of the Ortsbezirk Innenstadt III.
ʻAhu ʻula
The ʻahu ʻula (feather cape or cloak in the Hawaiian language, literally "red/sacred garment for the upper torso"), and the mahiole (feather helmet) were symbols of the highest rank of the chiefly aliʻi class of ancient Hawaii.

There are over 160 examples of this traditional clothing in museums around the world. At least thirty of these capes were collected during the voyages of Captain Cook, and sixteen survive.

These cloaks are made from a woven netting decorated with bird feathers and are examples of fine featherwork techniques.

Cape
A cape is a clothing accessory or a sleeveless outer garment of any length that hangs loosely and connects either at the neck or shoulders. They usually cover the back, shoulders, and arms. They come in a variety of styles and have been used throughout history for many different reasons.
Architrypethelium submuriforme
Architrypethelium submuriforme is a corticolous (bark dwelling), crustose lichen species within the family Trypetheliaceae. Discovered in Brazil's Minas Gerais region, this species thrives on tree bark within rainforests. It is distinguished from others in its genus by its unique ascospore structure.

Trypetheliaceae
The Trypetheliaceae are a family of mainly lichen-forming fungi in the order Trypetheliales. The family consists almost exclusively of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichens with an almost strictly tropical distribution.
1998 in the Philippines
1998 in the Philippines details events of note that happened in the Philippines in the year 1998.

The year was also designated as the country's year-long 100th centennial anniversary of the Philippine Declaration of Independence, as known by its theme, "100 Kalayaan: Kayamanan ng Bayan (1898–1998)" (lit. transl. "100 Freedom: Treasure of the People (1898–1998)").

Independence Day (Philippines)
Independence Day of the Philippines (Filipino: Araw ng Kasarinlán; also known as Araw ng Kalayaan, "Day of Freedom") is a national holiday in the Philippines observed annually on June 12, commemorating the declaration of Philippine independence from Spain in 1898. Since 1978, it has been the country's National Day.
Party Secretary of Guangzhou
The secretary of the Guangzhou Municipal Committee of the Chinese Communist Party is the leader of the Guangzhou Municipal Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). As the CCP is the sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC), the secretary is the highest ranking post in Guangzhou, which outranks the mayor, conventionally being the deputy secretary of the municipal committee. The secretary is also the leader of the Standing Committee of the Guangzhou Municipal Committee.

The secretary is officially appointed by the CCP Central Committee based on the recommendation of the CCP Organization Department, which is then approved by the Politburo and its Standing Committee. The secretary could also appointed by a plenary meeting of the Guangzhou Municipal Committee, which the candidate must be the same as the one approved by the central government.

The current secretary is Feng Zhonghua, who took office on 24 December 2025.

Mayor of Guangzhou
The mayor of Guangzhou, officially the Mayor of the Guangzhou Municipal People's Government, is the head of the Guangzhou Municipal People's Government. The mayor generally serves as the deputy secretary of the Guangzhou Municipal Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, and is the second-highest ranking official in the city after the secretary of the CCP Guangzhou Committee.
Exposure at default
Exposure at default (EAD) is a parameter used in the calculation of economic capital or regulatory capital under Basel II for a banking institution. It can be defined as the gross exposure under a facility upon default of an obligor.

Outside of Basel II, the concept is sometimes known as credit exposure (CE). It represents the immediate loss that the lender would suffer if the borrower (counterparty) fully defaults on its debt.

The EAD is closely linked to the expected loss, which is defined as the product of the EAD, the probability of default (PD) and the loss given default (LGD).

Basel Committee on Banking Supervision
The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) is a committee of banking supervisory authorities that was established by the central bank governors of the Group of Ten (G10) countries in 1974. The committee expanded its membership in 2009 and then again in 2014. As of 2019, the BCBS has 45 members from 28 jurisdictions, consisting of central banks and authorities with responsibility of banking regulation.

The committee agrees on standards for bank capital, liquidity and funding. Those standards are non-binding high-level principles. Members are expected but not obliged to undertake effort to implement them e.g. through domestic regulation.
FC Lovech
FC Lovech (Bulgarian: ФК Ловеч; formerly Litex Lovech) is a Bulgarian professional football club based in Lovech, that competes in the Third League. The club was founded in 1921 as Hisarya Sports Club.

The club's home ground is the Gradski Stadion, which has a capacity of 8,100 seats, electric floodlights and permission to stage European matches. As one of the successful Bulgarian clubs outside the capital Sofia, Lovech have won the domestic championship four times and the Bulgarian Cup on four occasions. Together with CSKA Sofia and Levski Sofia, Lovech was also one of the football clubs to represent the country regularly in the European Club Association.

Second Professional Football League (Bulgaria)
The Bulgarian Second Professional Football League (Bulgarian: Втора професионална футболна лига, romanized: Vtora Profesionalna Futbolna Liga), also known as Second League (Bulgarian: Втора Лига) or Vtora liga (currently known as Mr. Bit Second League for sponsorship reasons), is the second level of the Bulgarian football league system, below First League and above the Third League. Twenty teams take part in the league, each playing twice against all the other, once home and once away. Most matches are played on Saturdays and Sundays. The league is administered by the Bulgarian Professional Football League.

In 2016, the B Group's name was rebranded to Second Professional Football League.
Crystal twinning
Crystal twinning occurs when two or more adjacent crystals of the same mineral are oriented so that they share some of the same crystal lattice points in a symmetrical manner. The result is an intergrowth of two separate crystals that are tightly bonded to each other. The surface along which the lattice points are shared in twinned crystals is called a composition surface or twin plane.

In crystallography twinned crystals are described by a number of twin laws, which are specific to the crystal structure. The type of twinning can be a diagnostic tool in mineral identification. There are three main types of twinning. The first is growth twinning which can occur both in very large and very small particles. The second is transformation twinning, where there is a change in the crystal structure. The third is deformation twinning, in which twinning develops in a crystal in response to a shear stress, and is an important mechanism for permanent shape changes in a crystal.

Cubic crystal system
In crystallography, the cubic (or isometric) crystal system is a crystal system where the unit cell is in the shape of a cube. This is one of the most common and simplest shapes found in crystals and minerals.

There are three main varieties of these crystals:

Primitive cubic (abbreviated cP and alternatively called simple cubic)

Body-centered cubic (abbreviated cI or bcc)

Face-centered cubic (abbreviated cF or fcc)

Note: the term fcc is often used synonymously for the cubic close-packed or ccp structure occurring in metals. However, fcc stands for a face-centered cubic Bravais lattice, which is not necessarily close-packed when a motif is set onto the lattice points. E.g. the diamond and the zincblende lattices are fcc but not close-packed.
Each is subdivided into other variants listed below. Although the unit cells in these crystals are conventionally taken to be cubes, the primitive unit cells often are not.
Carola Durán
Carlina Durán Baldera (born January 17, 1987, in Concepción de La Vega) is a Dominican model who won the national crown of Miss Dominican Republic 2012, initially giving her the right to compete in Miss Universe 2012 representing her country in December 2012. After representing her home province of La Vega in the 2012 Miss Dominican Republic, Carola was crowned by Miss Dominican Republic 2011 Dalia Fernandez. She later got dethroned for admitting she had been married in 2009.

Dalia Fernández
Dalia Cristina Fernández Sánchez (born January 3, 1990, in Santiago de los Caballeros) is a Dominican model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Dominican Republic 2011 and represented the country in the 2011 Miss Universe pageant.

In 2012 she was elected by Luz García’s Noche de Luz programme as a "Summer’s Hot Body".
Vice President of Rwanda
Vice President of Rwanda (French: Vice-président rwandais, Kinyarwanda: visiperezida) was a political position in Rwanda created for Paul Kagame from July 1994 to April 2000. The office was abolished in 2000.

The position also existed in Rwandan constitution from 1961 until 1973. However, the position was never fulfilled between 1961 and 1969.

Constitution of Rwanda
The Constitution of Rwanda was adopted by referendum on May 26, 2003. It replaced the Constitution of 1991.

The Constitution provides for a presidential system of government, with separation of powers between the three branches. It condemns the Rwandan genocide in the preamble, expressing hope for reconciliation and prosperity. It is written in Kinyarwanda, English, and French.
Coatdyke railway station
Coatdyke railway station is situated on Quarry Street/Riddell Street in the Cliftonville area of the town of Coatbridge and 10 miles (16 km) east of Glasgow Queen Street. It is the closest railway station to Coatbridge College and Monklands Hospital.

University Hospital Monklands
University Hospital Monklands is a district general hospital in Airdrie, North Lanarkshire, Scotland. It serves a population of approximately 260,000 people of North and South Lanarkshire council areas and is managed by NHS Lanarkshire.
Herangi Range
Herangi Range is a range of hills south of Marokopa and north of Awakino, in the Waikato region of New Zealand, reaching to the Tasman Sea at Tapirimoko, Tirua, Taungaururoa, Te Mauku and Ngarupupu Points. Just to the south of Ngarupupu, the Waikawau River enters the sea. Other rivers draining the range are Mangaotaki River, Awakino River and Manganui River. Herangi is part of the Whareorino conservation area.

Herangi is in the Maniapoto rohe. Pā and other archaeological sites are found close together along the coast, but very few in the range itself. The Kiritehere valley was settled in the 1900s, but much of the rest of the range is in Whareorino Conservation Area, of particular importance for its native frogs.

A Reims Cessna F152 II crashed into a tree on a ridge between Whareorino (649 m (2,129 ft)) and Mangatoa Saddle on 21 July 2009. The pilot, who died, was inexperienced and had not complied with requirements to calculate a route allowing for the poor weather.

Awakino
Awakino is a settlement in the south of Waitomo District, in the North Island of New Zealand. It is located on State Highway 3 at the mouth of the Awakino River, five kilometres north of Mōkau. It is 79 km southwest of Te Kūiti, and 98 km northeast of New Plymouth.

North of Awakino, State Highway 3 turns inland, and the coast is largely unpopulated. Beyond Awakino there are no settlements of any size on the coast south of the Kawhia Harbour.

The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "bad creek" for Awakino.

The local Maniaroa Marae and meeting house are affiliated with the Ngāti Maniapoto hapū of Ngāti Rākei, Rungaterangi and Waiora.
USS SC-743
USS SC-743 was a United States Navy SC-497-class submarine chaser which after service during World War II was transferred to the Philippine Navy in 1948.

The ship was laid down on 24 April 1942 at Julius Petersen Inc., Nyack, New York, launched on 26 August 1942, and commissioned on 27 February 1943. Assigned to the South West Pacific Area she was damaged by a dive bomber while covering the landings during the battle of Arawe, New Britain on 17 December 1943. She was transferred to the Philippine Navy on 2 July 1948.

SC-497-class submarine chaser
The SC-497-class submarine chasers were a class of 438 submarine chasers built primarily for the United States Navy from 1941–1944.  The SC-497s were based on the experimental submarine chaser, USS SC-453. Submarine chasers of this variety were collectively nicknamed "the splinter fleet" due to their wooden hulls.