hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of health care reform in the United States
The history of health care reform in the United States has spanned many decades with health care reform having been the subject of political debate since the early part of the 20th century. Recent reforms remain an active political issue. Alternative reform proposals were offered by both of the major candidates in the 2008, 2016, and 2020 presidential elections.

AHIP (trade association)
AHIP (formerly America's Health Insurance Plans) is an American political advocacy and trade association of health insurance companies that offer coverage through the employer-provided, Medicare Advantage, Medicaid managed care, and individual markets.
Vermont Route 9
Vermont Route 9 (VT 9) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Vermont. The highway runs 46.957 miles (75.570 km) from the New York state line in Bennington, where it continues west as New York State Route 7 (NY 7), to the New Hampshire state line at the Connecticut River in Brattleboro, where the highway continues as New Hampshire Route 9 (NH 9). VT 9 is the primary east–west highway of Bennington and Windham counties in southern Vermont. The highway connects Southern Vermont's primary towns of Bennington and Brattleboro via its crossing of the Green Mountains. VT 9 also connects those towns with Troy, New York, and Keene, New Hampshire, via the connecting highways in those states. The highway also intersects three major north–south routes: U.S. Route 7 (US 7) in Bennington and Interstate 91 (I-91) and US 5 in Brattleboro.

U.S. Route 7 in Vermont
U.S. Route 7 (US 7) is a north–south highway extending from southern Connecticut to the northernmost part of Vermont. In Vermont, the route extends for 176 miles (283 km) along the western side of the state as a mostly two-lane rural road, with the exception of an expressway section between Bennington and East Dorset. US 7 is known as the Ethan Allen Highway for its entire length through the state, named after the US Revolutionary War general. US 7 ends at an interchange with Interstate 89 (I-89) in the town of Highgate, just south of the Canada–United States border. I-89 continues to the border crossing.
Harry Smith (rugby league)
Harry Smith (born 25 January 2000) is an English professional rugby league footballer who plays as a scrum-half and stand-off for the Wigan Warriors in the Super League and both England and the England Knights at international level.

He has spent time on loan from Wigan at the Swinton Lions in the RFL Championship, and the London Skolars in RFL League 1.

2022 Challenge Cup
The 2022 Challenge Cup, known for sponsorship reasons as the 2022 Betfred Challenge Cup, was the 121st edition of the Challenge Cup, the main rugby league knockout cup tournament in British rugby league run by the Rugby Football League (RFL). It started on 15 January 2022 and ended, with the final at Tottenham Hotspur Stadium on 28 May.

St Helens were the defending champions going into 2022, but they were eliminated in the semi-final by Wigan Warriors, who went on to win the Final, by narrowly defeating Huddersfield Giants 16-14.
Rākei-hikuroa
Rākei-hikuroa was a rangatira (chieftain) of Ngāti Kahungunu, who may have lived in the fifteenth century. His efforts to establish his son Tūpurupuru as upoko ariki (paramount chief) of Ngāti Kahungunu led to a conflict with his brother-in-law, Kahutapere, who expelled him from the Gisborne region, beginning a long-lasting conflict within Ngāti Kahungunu. After his expulsion, Rākei-hikuroa led his people south, beginning the Ngāti Kahungunu expansion into the Hawke’s Bay and Wairarapa regions.

Ngāti Maniapoto
Ngāti Maniapoto is an iwi (tribe) based in the Waikato-Waitomo region of New Zealand's North Island. It is part of the Tainui confederation, the members of which trace their whakapapa (genealogy) back to people who arrived in New Zealand on the waka (canoe) Tainui. The 2018 New Zealand census reports show an estimated population of 45,930 people who affiliated with Maniapoto, making it the 9th most-populous iwi in New Zealand.
Ontario CCF/NDP leadership elections
The Ontario New Democratic Party elects its leaders by secret ballot of the party members and/or their delegates at leadership elections, as did its predecessor, the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (Ontario Section).  The party leader can be challenged for the leadership at the party's biennial convention. The Ontario New Democratic Party is a social democratic political party in Ontario, Canada.

From 1934 until 1942, the president of the Ontario CCF acted as the party's spokesperson and leader during election campaigns. John Mitchell, a Hamilton alderman, was CCF president from 1934 until 1941. Samuel Lawrence, former Ontario CCF MPP for Hamilton East was elected party president in 1941 and recommended that the party elect a leader in 1942.

Sheraton Centre Toronto Hotel
The Sheraton Centre Toronto Hotel is a 1300-room, 43-story hotel in Downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada, opened in 1972. It is the second-tallest all-hotel building in Toronto, after the Delta Toronto Hotel.
Ukunda Airport
Ukunda Airport (IATA: UKA, ICAO: HKUK) is a regional airport near Diani Beach in Kwale County, Kenya. The airport serves the local areas of Diani, Ukunda, Tiwi and Msambweni. The airport is unofficially known as Diani airport.

Kwale County
Kwale County is a county in the former Coast Province of Kenya. Its capital is Kwale, although Ukunda is the largest town.

Kwale County has an estimated population of  866,820.

Kwale is mainly an inland county, but has a coastline south of Mombasa. Diani Beach is part of the Msambweni division. Shimba Hills National Reserve and Mwaluganje Elephant Sanctuary are other attractions in the county.
Tensor product of representations
In mathematics, the tensor product of representations is a tensor product of vector spaces underlying representations together with the factor-wise group action on the product. This construction, together with the Clebsch–Gordan procedure, can be used to generate additional irreducible representations if one already knows a few.

Module (mathematics)
In mathematics, a module is a generalization of the notion of vector space in which the field of scalars is replaced by a (not necessarily commutative) ring. The concept of a module also generalizes the notion of an abelian group, since the abelian groups are exactly the modules over the ring of integers.

Like a vector space, a module is an additive abelian group, and scalar multiplication is distributive over the operations of addition between elements of the ring or module and is compatible with the ring multiplication.

Modules are very closely related to the representation theory of groups. They are also one of the central notions of commutative algebra and homological algebra, and are used widely in algebraic geometry and algebraic topology.
Poverty Row
Poverty Row is a slang term for small Hollywood studios that produced B movies from the 1920s to the 1950s, typically with much smaller budgets and lower production values than those of the major studios. Although many of these studios were based in the vicinity of Gower Street in Hollywood, the term does not necessarily relate to any specific physical location.

Many of the films produced by Poverty Row studios were those of series in the Western, comedy, adventure and crime genres.

Mascot Pictures
Mascot Pictures Corporation was an American film company of the 1920s and 1930s, best known for producing and distributing film serials and B-westerns.  Mascot was formed in 1927 by film producer Nat Levine.  In 1935, it merged with several other companies to form Republic Pictures.

Mascot's serial The King of the Kongo (1929) was the first serial to include sound, beating Universal Studios by several months.

The company's logo featured a roaring tiger resting on top of a model of the planet Earth.
G.I. Joe: Operation Blackout
G.I. Joe: Operation Blackout is a third-person shooter video game based on Hasbro's G.I. Joe toyline, released for Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One on October 13, 2020, and for Microsoft Windows on December 15, 2020. The game was developed by IguanaBee and Fair Play Labs and published by GameMill Entertainment in North America and Maximum Games in Europe. It is the first G.I. Joe console game since 2009's G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra.

Third-person shooter
Third-person shooter (TPS) is a subgenre of 3D shooter games in which the gameplay consists primarily of shooting. It is closely related to first-person shooters, but with the player character visible on-screen during play. While 2D shoot 'em up games also employ a third-person perspective, the TPS genre is distinguished by having the game presented with the player's avatar as a primary focus of the camera's view.
Upstep
In linguistics, upstep is a phonemic or phonetic upward shift of tone between the syllables or words of a tonal language. It is best known in the tonal languages of Sub-Saharan Africa. Upstep is a much rarer phenomenon than its counterpart, downstep.

The symbol for upstep in the International Phonetic Alphabet is a superscript upward arrow [ꜛ] ([↑]). However, it is common, especially in the early research, to find a superscript (or sometimes subscript) inverted exclamation mark [ꜞ] ([¡]) or [¡], because of typographical constraints.

Hausa has upstep because of the interaction of tones when they are placed in context:

[túránꜛtʃí nè]

It's English.

Upstep is superficially similar to pitch reset, which is nearly universal in the prosody of the world's languages. The most common prosodic contours occur in chunks with gradually declining pitch (here transcribed as a global fall, [↘]). Between such chunks, the pitch resets:

Been there. Done that.

[ꜛbɪn ðɛɹ↘ ꜛdɐn ðæt↘ ]

Phoneme
A phoneme (/ˈfoʊniːm/) is a set of similar speech sounds that are perceptually regarded by the speakers of a language as a single basic sound—a smallest possible phonetic unit—that helps distinguish one word from another. All languages contain phonemes (or the spatial–gestural equivalent in sign languages), and all spoken languages include both consonant and vowel phonemes. Phonemes are studied under phonology, a branch of linguistics (a discipline encompassing language, writing, speech and related matters).

Phonemes are often represented, when written, as a glyph (a character) enclosed within two forward-sloping slashes /. For example, /k/ represents the phoneme or sound used at the beginning of the English-language word cat (as opposed to, say, the /b/ of bat).
Austefjord Church
Austefjord Church (Norwegian: Austefjord kyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Volda Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is located in the village of Fyrde, at the eastern end of the Austefjorden. It is the church for the Austefjord parish which is part of the Søre Sunnmøre prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Møre. The white, wooden church was built in a long church design in 1879 using plans drawn up by an unknown architect. The church seats about 150 people.

Volda Municipality
Volda is a municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is part of the Sunnmøre region. The administrative centre is the village of Volda. Other villages in the municipality include Dravlaus, Fyrde, Straumshamn, Leira, Bjørke, and Grodås. The municipality is located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) south of the town of Ålesund.

The 877-square-kilometre (339 sq mi) municipality is the 132nd largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Volda Municipality is the 104th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 11,093. The municipality's population density is 12.7 inhabitants per square kilometre (33/sq mi) and its population has increased by 9.5% over the previous 10-year period.
Shatsk, Volyn Oblast
Shatsk (Ukrainian: Шацьк, pronounced [ˈʃɑtsʲk]; Polish: Szack; Yiddish: שאצק, romanized: Shatsk) is a rural settlement in Volyn Oblast, Kovel Raion, north-western Ukraine. It is located to the north-west of Kovel. Population: 5,249 (2022 estimate).

The village is situated in a picturesque area in the western part of Volyn Woodlands, surrounded by lakes, which are sometimes called Shatsky (Velyke Chorne, Svitiaz, Pulemetske, Luka, Liutsymer, Somynets, Karasynets, Ozertse).

In 2017, a postage stamp featuring the coat of arms of Shatsk was released by Ukrposhta.

Kovel
Kovel (Ukrainian: Ковель, IPA: [ˈkɔwelʲ] ⓘ; Polish: Kowel; Yiddish: קאוולע / קאוולי) is a city in Volyn Oblast, northwestern Ukraine. It serves as the administrative center of Kovel Raion within the oblast. Population: 67,575 (2022 estimate).

Kovel gives its name to one of the oldest runic inscriptions which were lost during World War II. The Kovel spearhead, unearthed near the town in 1858, contained text in Gothic.
Rutland Herald
The Rutland Herald, previously called the Rutland Daily Herald, is the second largest daily newspaper in the U.S. state of Vermont (after The Burlington Free Press). It is published in Rutland with its source of news geared towards the southern part of the state, along with the Brattleboro Reformer and the Bennington Banner. The Rutland Herald is the sister paper of the Barre Montpelier Times Argus.

The Burlington Free Press
The Burlington Free Press (BFP or the Free Press) is a digital and print community news organization based in Burlington, Vermont, and owned by USA Today Co. It is one of the official "newspapers of record" for the State of Vermont.

It was founded on June 15, 1827, as a weekly paper and turned daily in 1848 in response to the invention of the telegraph. Today, the Burlington Free Press is part of the USA Today Network and offers local news coverage both in print and online.
Ndiyona Constituency
Ndiyona is a constituency in the Kavango East region  of Namibia. The district centre is the settlement of Ndiyona. It had a population of 20,633 in 2011, up from 19,565 in 2001. As of 2020 the constituency had 6,210 registered voters.

Ndiyona constituency until 2013 belonged to the Kavango Region. In 2013, following a recommendation of the Fourth Delimitation Commission of Namibia, and in preparation of the 2014 general election, the Kavango Region was split into Kavango East and Kavango West. The new Ndonga Linena Constituency was created from the western part of Ndiyona, so that Ndiyona is now much smaller than before. Both constituencies belong to Kavango East.

SWAPO
The South West Africa People's Organisation (SWAPO /ˈswɑːpoʊ/; Afrikaans: Suidwes-Afrikaanse Volks Organisasie, SWAVO; German: Südwestafrikanische Volksorganisation, SWAVO), officially known as the SWAPO Party of Namibia, is a political party and former independence movement in Namibia (formerly South West Africa). Founded in 1960, it has been the governing party in Namibia since the country achieved independence in 1990. The party continues to be dominated in number and influence by the Ovambo ethnic group.

SWAPO held a two-thirds majority in parliament from 1994 to 2019. In the general election held in November 2019, the party won 65.5% of the popular vote and 63 out of the 104 seats in the National Assembly. It also holds 28 out of the 42 seats in the National Council. From November 2017 until his death in February 2024, Namibian President Hage Geingob remained the president of SWAPO after being elected to the position at the party's electoral congress.
USS Glynn
USS Glynn (APA-239) was a Haskell-class attack transport that was built for service with the US Navy in World War II on the Victory ship design. She was commissioned shortly after the war and consequently never saw action.

Glynn was named after Glynn County, Georgia. She was launched 25 August 1945 under Maritime Commission contract by the Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation of Portland, Oregon, and acquired and simultaneously commissioned 17 October 1945.

Glynn County, Georgia
Glynn County is located in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 84,499. The county seat is Brunswick.  Glynn County is part of the Brunswick, Georgia Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Gmina Dąbrowa Chełmińska
Gmina Dąbrowa Chełmińska is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Bydgoszcz County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Dąbrowa Chełmińska, which lies approximately 22 kilometres (14 mi) east of Bydgoszcz and 27 km (17 mi) north-west of Toruń.

The gmina covers an area of 124.62 square kilometres (48.1 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 7,179.

Bydgoszcz County
Bydgoszcz County (Polish: powiat bydgoski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-central Poland. It was created on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Bydgoszcz, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The only towns in Bydgoszcz County are Solec Kujawski, which lies 17 km (11 mi) east of Bydgoszcz, and Koronowo, 23 km (14 mi) north of Bydgoszcz.

The county covers an area of 1,394.8 square kilometres (538.5 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 118,041, out of which the population of Solec Kujawski is 15,652, that of Koronowo is 11,162, and the rural population is 91,227.
Twin States League
The Twin States League was a minor league baseball league that played in the 1911 season. The four Class D level league franchises were located in Vermont and New Hampshire. The Brattleboro Islanders were the flagship franchise of the league and won the 1911 championship in the league's only season of minor league play. The Twin States League was integrated, among the first 20th century professional leagues to be integrated.

Charlestown, New Hampshire
Charlestown is a town in Sullivan County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 4,806 at the 2020 census, down from 5,114 at the 2010 census. The town is home to Hubbard State Forest and the headquarters of the Student Conservation Association.

The primary village in town, where 1,078 people resided at the 2020 census, is defined as the Charlestown census-designated place (CDP) and is located along New Hampshire Route 12. The town also includes the villages of North Charlestown, South Charlestown and Hemlock Center.
Taça Brasil de Futsal
The Taça Brasil de Futsal (Portuguese for Brazil Futsal Trophy) is a Brazilian futsal championship. It was the only futsal competition in Brazil until 1996, when the Liga Futsal started.

The Taça Brasil is one of the most traditional Brazilian Futsal Confederation (CBFS) competitions. The competition reunites representatives of the states (mostly of them are the state champions).

The first edition was disputed in 1968, in Lages, Santa Catarina state, and the champion was Carioca from Rio de Janeiro state, with Palmeiras from São Paulo finishing as the runner-up. Until 1980, the tournament took place every two years. Since 1981, the competition is disputed annually.

Liga Nacional de Futsal
The Liga Nacional de Futsal (LNF) is the premier futsal league in Brazil, and was created in 1996 with the purpose of setting up a championship with the best futsal teams of the country, corresponding to the Brazilian Football Championship Série A. It is organized by the Brazilian Futsal Confederation (CBFS).

The winner (and sometimes the runner-up) qualifies to the Supercopa do Brasil de Futsal.
Shōfuku-ji (Kasama)
Shōfuku-ji (正福寺) is a Buddhist temple located on Mount Sashiro in the city of Kasama, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. It belongs to the Shingon-shū Fumon sect and its honzon is a statue of Senjū Kannon Bosatsu (Sahasrabhūja).  The temple's full name is Sashiro-zan Shōfuku-ji (佐白山  正福寺).The temple is the 23rd stop on the 33-temple Bandō Sanjūsankasho pilgrimage route. It is also called the "Sashiro Kannon".

Kasama, Ibaraki
Kasama (笠間市, Kasama-shi) is a city located in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. Kasama is the home of Kasama ware and known for 
Japanese chestnuts. As of 1 July 2020, the city had an estimated population of 73,805 in 29,362 households and a population density of 307 persons per km². The percentage of the population aged over 65 was 32.2%. The total area of the city is 240.400 square kilometres (92.819 sq mi).
Rijsenburg
Rijsenburg is a former village and municipality in the Dutch province of Utrecht. Presently, it is a part of the single town of Driebergen-Rijsenburg.

The former municipality of Rijsenburg existed from 1818 to 1931, when it merged with Driebergen, to create the new municipality of Driebergen-Rijsenburg. Since 2006, Driebergen-Rijsenburg has been part of the new municipality of Utrechtse Heuvelrug.

Utrechtse Heuvelrug
Utrechtse Heuvelrug (Dutch: [ˈytrɛxtsə ˈɦøːvəlrʏx] ⓘ; English: "Utrecht Hill Ridge") is a municipality in the Netherlands, in the province of Utrecht. It was formed on 1 January 2006 by merging the former municipalities of Amerongen, Doorn, Driebergen-Rijsenburg, Leersum, and Maarn.
Santa Rosa, Curaçao
Santa Rosa is a town on the island of Curaçao in the former Netherlands Antilles. It is to the east of the capital, Willemstad, located inland from the east coast, to the south of Santa Catarina, and is connected to the eastern coastline via a canal. To the southwest lies the settlement of Bapor Kibra, and to the southeast lies Nieuwpoort. The settlement of Santa Maria lies to the northwest.

Willemstad
Willemstad (/ˈwɪləmstɑːt, ˈvɪl-/ WIL-əm-staht, VIL-; Dutch: [ˈʋɪləmstɑt]; Papiamento: [wiləmˈstad]) is the capital and largest city of Curaçao, an island in the southern Caribbean Sea that is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It was the capital of the Netherlands Antilles prior to that entity's dissolution in 2010. The city counts to have around 90% of Curaçao's population, with 136,660 inhabitants as of 2011. The historic centre of the city consists of four quarters: the Punda and Otrobanda, which are separated by the Sint Anna Bay, an inlet that leads into the large natural harbour called the Schottegat, as well as the Scharloo and Pietermaai Smal quarters, which are across from each other on the smaller Waaigat harbour. Willemstad is home to the Curaçao synagogue, the oldest surviving synagogue in the Americas. The city centre, with its unique architecture and harbour entry, has been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Parish of Maropinna
Maropinna, New South Wales is a remote civil parish of Mootwingee County in far North West New South Wales.

The parish is located at 31°01′30″S 141°59′22″E and the nearest town is White Cliffs, New South Wales to the east, but the parish is on the Silver City Highway north of Broken Hill, New South Wales.

The geography of the Parish is mostly a flat, arid landscape. The parish has a Köppen climate classification of BWh (Hot desert).

Silver City Highway
Silver City Highway is a 683-kilometre-long (424 mi) highway that links Buronga, New South Wales to the Queensland border via Wentworth, Broken Hill, and Tibooburra, in the arid Far West region of New South Wales; a short branch also connects to Calder Highway on the Victorian border at Curlwaa (signed as Calder Highway). The namesake of the highway is derived from the moniker for Broken Hill – the "Silver City" – which the highway travels through. The highway is designated route B79 from Buronga to the Queensland border at Warri Gate since the completion of the highway's sealing in December 2022.
Chicago Area Rugby Football Union
The Chicago Area Rugby Football Union (CARFU) is the Local Area Union (LAU) for rugby union teams in the Chicago metropolitan area. CARFU is part of the Midwest Rugby Football Union (MRFU), which is also the governing body for the Allegheny, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin LAU's. All local and territorial unions are part of USA Rugby.

Michigan Rugby Football Union
The Michigan Rugby Football Union (MRFU) is the Local Area Union (LAU) for Rugby Union teams in the state of Michigan.  The MRFU is part of the Midwest Rugby Football Union (MRFU), one of the seven Territorial Area Unions (TAU's) that comprise USA Rugby.