hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bumba (spider)
Bumba is a genus of tarantula native to the Americas. It is an uncommon genus, comprising eight known species, including one named after John Lennon. Like most related species in the subfamily Theraphosinae, they may flick urticating hairs in response to threats.

Tarantula
Tarantulas are a group of large and often hairy spiders of the family Theraphosidae. More than a thousand species have been identified, within almost 200 genera. The term "tarantula" is usually used to describe members of the family Theraphosidae, although many other members of the same infraorder (Mygalomorphae) are commonly referred to as "tarantulas" or "false tarantulas".  Some of the more common species have become popular in the exotic pet trade. Many New World species kept as pets have setae known as urticating hairs that can cause irritation to the skin, and in extreme cases, cause damage to the eyes.
Tarzetta cupularis
Tarzetta cupularis is a species of apothecial fungus belonging to the family Pyronemataceae. This is a species of northern Europe with occasional records from further south in Spain and Morocco. It also occurs in North America. It appears from spring to autumn as brown to cream-coloured flask-shaped cups up to 2 cm across and 2.5 cm tall in groups in damp woodland. The related Tarzetta catinus tends to be larger with a more open cup, but the two species can only be reliably distinguished microscopically: by the shape of the spores (those of T. cupularis being narrower) and the paraphyses (those of T. cupularis lacking the distinctive lobed tips of T. catinus). T. cupularis is inedible.

Pyronemataceae
The Pyronemataceae are a family of fungi in the order Pezizales. It is the largest family of the Pezizales, encompassing 75 genera and approximately 500 species. Phylogenetic analyses does not support the prior classifications of this family,  and suggest that the family is not monophyletic as it is currently circumscribed.
Nyshche
49°48′20″N 25°6′59″E﻿ / ﻿49.80556°N 25.11639°E﻿ / 49.80556; 25.11639Nyshche (Ukrainian: Нище) is a selo (formerly a shtetl) on the Strypa River, upriver from the town of Zboriv in the historic region of Galicia in Ukraine.

It is situated in the Ternopil Raion of the Ternopil Oblast in western Ukraine. Nyshche belongs to Zboriv urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

Until 18 July 2020, Nyshche belonged to Zboriv Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Ternopil Oblast to three. The area of Zboriv Raion was merged into Ternopil Raion.

Zboriv urban hromada
Zboriv urban territorial hromada (Ukrainian: Зборівська територіальна громада, romanized: Zboriv miska terytorialna hromada) is a hromada in Ukraine, in Ternopil Raion of Ternopil Oblast. The administrative center is the city of Zboriv. Its population is 19,017 (2022 estimate) Formed on 12 September 2016.
Dark lord
In fiction and mythology, a dark lord (sometimes capitalized as Dark Lord or referred to as an evil overlord or evil emperor) is an antagonistic archetype, acting as the pinnacle of villainy and evil within a typically heroic narrative.

Henchman
A henchman is a loyal employee, supporter, or aide to some powerful figure engaged in nefarious or criminal enterprises. Henchmen are typically relatively unimportant in the organisation: minions whose value lies primarily in their unquestioning loyalty to their leader. The term henchman is often used derisively, or even comically, to refer to individuals of low status who lack any moral compass of their own.

The term henchman originally referred to one who attended a horse for their employer, that is, a horse groom. Hence, like constable and marshal, also originally stable staff, henchman became the title of a subordinate official in a royal court or noble household.
Tangrakottai
Thenkaraikottai is a ruined castle was built by Seelappa Nayakkar and Chennappa Nayakkar of Vijayanagar dynasty.  This castle is the only one built on land and not on a hill like others and is situated near Pappireddipatti, Dharmapuri district, Tamil Nadu, India. The Major attraction of the place is the Sri Kalyana Ramaswamy temple which is dedicated to lord Rama (avatar of vishnu) with beautiful architecture is present in centre of the fort. There are few ruined historic buildings which includes Granaries, stables for elephants and horses, cannons, a bathing area for the princes and many more. The fort is about 40 acres.

Dharmapuri district
Dharmapuri district is one of the 38 districts in the state of Tamil-Nadu, India. It is the first district created in Tamil Nadu after the independence of India by splitting it from then-Salem district on 2 October 1965. Dharmapuri District is one of the major producers of mango in the state, fine quality granite is found in the district. It is also one of the main sericulture belts in the state. Around 30 percent of the district's area is under forest cover. Kaveri enters Tamil Nadu through this district. Dharmapuri district had the lowest literacy rate of 74.23% in Tamilnadu during the 2011 census.
VPB-54
VPB-54 was a Patrol Bombing Squadron of the U.S. Navy. The squadron was established as Patrol Squadron 54 (VP-54) on 15 November 1942, redesignated Patrol Bombing Squadron 54 (VPB-54) on 1 October 1944 and disestablished on 7 April 1945.

Consolidated PBY Catalina
The Consolidated Model 28, more commonly known as the PBY Catalina (U.S. Navy designation), is an American flying boat and amphibious aircraft designed by Consolidated Aircraft in the 1930s and 1940s. In U.S. Army service, it was designated as the OA-10 and in Canadian service as the Canso, and it later received the NATO reporting name Mop. It was one of the most widely used seaplanes of World War II. Catalinas served with every branch of the United States Armed Forces and in the air forces and navies of many other nations.  The last military PBYs served until the 1980s.
Pierre Amédée Jaubert
Pierre Amédée Emilien Probe Jaubert (3 June 1779 – 28 January 1847) was a French diplomat, academic, orientalist, translator, politician, and traveler. He was Napoleon's "favourite orientalist adviser and dragoman".

Dragoman
A dragoman (ترجمان) was an interpreter, translator, and official guide between Turkish-, Arabic-, and Persian-speaking countries and polities of the Middle East and European embassies, consulates, vice-consulates and trading posts. A dragoman had to have a knowledge of Arabic, Persian, Turkish, and European languages.

In the Ottoman Empire, dragomans were mainly members of the Ottoman Greek community, who possessed considerable multilingual skills, because Greek trading communities did substantial business in the markets of the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Indian Ocean. To a lesser extent, other communities with international commercial links, notably the Armenians, were recruited.
Amphidorini
Amphidorini is a tribe of darkling beetles in the family Tenebrionidae. There are six genera in Amphidorini.

In research by Kamiński et al. published in 2021, Amphidorini and six other tribes were moved from Tenebrioninae into the newly resurrected subfamily Blaptinae. These tribes contained 281 genera and about 4000 species, about 50% of Tenebrioninae. The new classification was followed by Bouchard et al. the same year.

In 2022, Johnston et al. removed the South American genus Nycterinus from Amiphidorini, it is now placed in incertae sedis within Tenebrinoninae.

Blaptinae
Blaptinae is a subfamily of darkling beetles in the family Tenebrionidae. There are around 300 genera in Blaptinae, divided into 8 tribes.

Based on morphological and molecular evidence, Kamiński et al. (2021) moved seven tribes from Tenebrioninae into the newly resurrected subfamily Blaptinae. In 2024, the tribe Dissonomini was added. The new classification has been widely accepted by scientific community Currently, the subfamily contains 283 genera and about 4000 species.

Blaptinae is one of the most widespread and abundant groups of darkling beetles in arid regions around the world. In several desert ecosystems, members of this subfamily form a dominant part of the local invertebrate fauna—for example Gonopus tibialis (sandworm beetle) in Namib or Parastizopus armaticeps in Kalahari.

Ovoviviparity has been documented in certain species of the tribe Platynotina, where females have been observed carrying fully developed first-instar larvae within their bursa copulatrix.
Pelle Edberg
Per Oscar "Pelle" Edberg (born 13 April 1979) is a Swedish professional golfer and former European Tour player. He was runner-up at the 2008 SAS Masters, the 2010 Saint-Omer Open, and the 2015 D+D Real Czech Masters.

European Open (golf)
The European Open is a European Tour golf tournament. Founded in 1978, up to 1994 it was played at various courses in England, including Sunningdale and Walton Heath, except for the 1979 event, which was held at Turnberry in Scotland. Between 1995 and 2007 the tournament was held at the K Club in Straffan, Ireland, before moving again in 2008, this time to the Jack Nicklaus-designed Heritage course at the London Golf Club near Sevenoaks, Kent, England. After a five-year hiatus, the event returned to the European Tour schedule in 2015, now played in Germany.
Thrilled (album)
Thrilled is the seventh studio album by the pop punk band Punchline, released as a follow-up to 2012's So Nice To Meet You through InVogue Records on December 4, 2015 and distributed by Warner Music Group.

It is noted to be the group's most eclectic effort yet.

So Nice to Meet You
So Nice to Meet You is the third EP by the pop punk band Punchline, released through Modern Short Stories on January 3, 2012.

Its success was attributed to word of mouth, social networking and a strong fan base created over the previous 14 years.
Carol Gardipe
Carol Gardipe (also known as Carol Nelson, Carol Metcalf and Carol Metcalf-Gardipe; born 1929) is an American geologist, whose career has included positions with the United States Geological Survey (USGS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and roles in higher education as a professor and administrator. She is one of the seven founders of the American Indian Science and Engineering Society (AISES).

Al Qöyawayma
Alfred H. Qöyawayma is a Hopi potter and bronze sculptor.  He was born in Los Angeles on February 26, 1938.  Qöyawayma is also a mechanical engineer who has worked in the development of inertial guidance systems and a co-founder of the American Indian Science and Engineering Society.
Nicolas Marie Quinette
Nicolas Marie Quinette, Baron de Rochemont (16 September 1762 in Paris – 14 June 1821 in Brussels) was a French politician.

He was a notary in Soissons. He was elected to the Legislative Assembly in 1791, a member of the Convention, and Member of the Council of Five Hundred, and Interior Minister.

He was a commissioner in the inquiry of Charles François Dumouriez, was captured by the Austrians, and exchanged for Madame Royale, Marie Thérèse of France, daughter of Louis XVI.

In 1796, he presided from 21 November 1796 to 20 December. During the Hundred Days, on 2 June 1815, he sat in the Imperial House of Peers.

Council of Five Hundred
The Council of Five Hundred (Conseil des Cinq-Cents) was the lower house of the legislature of the French First Republic under the Constitution of the Year III. It operated from  31 October 1795 to 9 November 1799 during the Directory (French: Directoire) period of the French Revolution.
SynSUN
SynSUN (short for Synthesized Sunshine) is a Ukrainian psytrance group consisting of Andrey Vakhnenko and Vitaly Samolyga, known as Andi Vax and Willy, respectively. Since their inception in 1998, SynSUN has released 5 albums, 5 EPs, and 30 miscellaneous tracks, including remixes and collaborations with Infected Mushroom, Astral Projection, Skazi, Yahel, Talamasca, Eskimo and Vibe Tribe, among others.

Infected Mushroom
Infected Mushroom (Hebrew: אינפקטד מאשרום) is an Israeli musical duo formed in Haifa in 1996 by producers Erez Eisen (ארז אייזן) and Amit Duvdevani (עמית דובדבני). They produce and perform psytrance, electronica, dream trance and psychedelic music. They are one of the best-selling groups in Israeli music history in terms of both domestic and international sales.

They employ a variety of musical sources, including acoustic guitars and complex synthesized basses. Their compositions often contain changes of drum beat and tempo. Infected Mushroom's live shows feature vocals and analogue instruments in performances that are set against a multimedia backdrop.
Kapooka railway station
Kapooka railway station was a railway station on the Main Southern railway line, serving the suburb of Kapooka in Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia. The station opened in 1927 and closed in 1975.

Main Southern railway line
The Main Southern railway line (or Great Southern Railway) is a major railway in New South Wales, Australia. It runs from Sydney to Albury, near the Victorian border. The line passes through the Southern Highlands, Southern Tablelands, South West Slopes and Riverina regions.
Mozilla Japan
Mozilla Japan is a limited liability organization to help promote and deploy Mozilla products in Japan.

Mozilla Japan was founded on August 18, 2004. It is independent of the Mozilla Foundation, but is affiliated with them.

The organization is run by its board of directors, which is made up of Hideo Aiso of the Tokyo Institute of Technology, Hideyuki Tokuda of Keio University, Nobuo Kita, Hideki Sunahara of the Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Satoko Takita (chair) and Joichi Ito of the Mozilla Foundation.

As well as promoting Mozilla in Japan, the organization is also responsible for the Japanese localisation of Mozilla products, which includes translating and customizing them for a Japanese audience.

Mozilla
Mozilla is a free software community founded in 1998 by members of Netscape. The Mozilla community uses, develops, publishes, and supports Mozilla products, thereby promoting free software and open standards. The community is supported institutionally by the non-profit Mozilla Foundation and its tax-paying subsidiary, the Mozilla Corporation.

Mozilla's current products include the Firefox web browser, Thunderbird e-mail client (now through a subsidiary), the Bugzilla bug tracking system, and the Gecko layout engine.
Flory–Stockmayer theory
Flory–Stockmayer theory is a theory governing the cross-linking and gelation of step-growth polymers. The Flory–Stockmayer theory represents an advancement from the Carothers equation, allowing for the identification of the gel point for polymer synthesis not at stoichiometric balance. The theory was initially conceptualized by Paul Flory in 1941 and then was further developed by Walter Stockmayer in 1944 to include cross-linking with an arbitrary initial size distribution.
The Flory–Stockmayer theory was the first theory investigating percolation processes. Flory–Stockmayer theory is a special case of random graph theory of gelation.

Carothers equation
In step-growth polymerization, the Carothers equation (or Carothers' equation) gives the degree of polymerization, Xn, for a given fractional monomer conversion, p.

There are several versions of this equation, proposed by Wallace Carothers, who invented  nylon in 1935.
Regions of Montana
The Regional designations of Montana vary widely within the U.S state of Montana. The state is a large geographical area (147,046 square miles (380,850 km2)) that is split by the Continental Divide, resulting in watersheds draining into the Pacific Ocean, Gulf of Mexico and Hudson's Bay.  The state is approximately 545 miles (877 km) east to west along the Canada–United States border and 320 miles (510 km) north to south. The fourth largest state in land area, it has been divided up in official and unofficial ways into a variety of regions.  Additionally, Montana is part of a number of larger federal government administrative regions.

Chouteau County, Montana
Chouteau County is a county located in the North-Central region of the U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 5,895. Its county seat is Fort Benton. The county was established in 1865 as one of the original nine counties of Montana, and named in 1882 after Pierre Chouteau Jr., a fur trader who established a trading post that became Fort Benton, which was once an important port on the Missouri River.

Chouteau County is home to the Chippewa-Cree tribe on the Rocky Boy Indian Reservation. It contains part of the Lewis and Clark National Forest.
Realme GT 6T
The Realme GT 6T is an upper mid-range smartphone developed by Realme as a part of its Realme GT lineup. It was announced on May 22, 2024 and launched on May 29, 2024.

On the 11th of April 2024 in China, Realme introduced the Realme GT Neo 6 SE, which shares similar specifications with the Realme GT 6T, but features a different charging power.

Realme GT Series
The Realme GT series is a line of high-end gaming-focused Android smartphones produced by Realme, and is the successor to Realme X series. The series starts with the announcement of the Realme GT 5G in February 2021, which was released in March 2021. It was codenamed realme Ace before the announcement. It is equipped with a flagship Qualcomm Snapdragon 888 processor and include GT Mode which claims to increase the performance of the phone for smoother gaming experience. The GT lineup released to date includes a GT mode.
Emilio De Marchi (tenor)
Emilio De Marchi (Italian pronunciation: [eˈmiːljo de ˈmarki]; 6 January 1861 – 20 March 1917) was an Italian operatic tenor. He had a significant career during the late 19th and early 20th century, appearing at major theatres on both sides of the Atlantic. In 1900, he entered the annals of musical history as the creator of the role of Cavaradossi in Giacomo Puccini's Tosca. Today, however, he has largely been forgotten because, unlike many of his contemporaries, he did not leave a legacy of commercial gramophone or phonograph recordings.

Cavalleria rusticana
Cavalleria rusticana (pronounced [kavalleˈriːa rustiˈkaːna]; Italian for 'Rustic Chivalry') is an opera in one act by Pietro Mascagni to an Italian libretto by Giovanni Targioni-Tozzetti and Guido Menasci, adapted from an 1880 short story of the same name and subsequent play by Giovanni Verga. Considered one of the classic verismo operas, it premiered on 17 May 1890 at the Teatro Costanzi in Rome. Since 1893, it has often been performed in a so-called "Cav/Pag" double-bill with Pagliacci by Ruggero Leoncavallo.
Clitocybe
Clitocybe is a genus of mushrooms characterized by white, off-white, buff, cream, pink, or light-yellow spores, gills running down the stem, and pale white to brown or lilac coloration. They are primarily saprotrophic, decomposing forest ground litter. There are estimated to be around 300 species in the widespread genus.

Clitocybe means sloping head.

A few members of the genus are considered edible; many others are poisonous, containing the toxin muscarine among others. Distinguishing individual species of Clitocybe is generally prohibitively difficult to non-experts, requiring the analysis of microscopic characters.  Therefore, with the exception of a few charismatic and readily identified members, Clitocybe mushrooms are rarely collected for consumption.

Infundibulicybe geotropa
Infundibulicybe geotropa, also known as the trooping funnel or monk's head, is a large funnel-shaped mushroom with a sturdy cream or buff colour. It grows widely in Europe and (less commonly) in North America in mixed woodlands, often in troops or fairy rings, one of which is over half a mile wide. Although edible, it could be confused with some poisonous species of similar colouration and size.
Andres Narvasa
Andres dela Rosa Narvasa (November 30, 1928 – October 31, 2013) was the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines from December 1, 1991, to November 30, 1998.

He served as chairman of the Preparatory Commission for Constitutional Reform, a special agency tasked to look into potentially positive amendments to the Philippine Constitution, from 1999 to 2000.

Chief Justice of the Philippines
Chief Justice of the Philippines (Filipino: Punong  Mahistrado ng Pilipinas) is the title of the person who presides over the Supreme Court of the Philippines and who is the highest judicial officer of the government. 
As of April 5, 2021, the position is currently held by Alexander Gesmundo, who was appointed by then president Rodrigo Duterte following the early retirement of his predecessor, Diosdado Peralta, in March 2021.

The position of chief justice is the oldest major governmental office continually held by a Filipino. Cayetano Arellano became the first chief justice on June 11, 1901, predating the presidency and vice presidency (established in 1935), the Senate (1916, or September 1, 1901 if counting the Taft Commission), and the House of Representatives (1907, as the Philippine Assembly).
Powellite
Powellite is a calcium molybdate mineral with formula CaMoO4. Powellite crystallizes with tetragonal – dipyramidal crystal structure as transparent adamantine blue, greenish-brown, yellow-to-grey typically anhedral forms. It exhibits distinct cleavage, and has a brittle-to-conchoidal fracture. It has a Mohs hardness of 3.5 to 4 and a specific gravity of 4.25. It forms a solid solution series with scheelite (calcium tungstate, CaWO4). It has refractive index values of nω=1.974 and nε=1.984.

Powellite was first described by William Harlow Melville in 1891 for an occurrence in the Peacock Mine, Adams County, Idaho, and named for American explorer and geologist, John Wesley Powell (1834–1902).

It occurs in hydrothermal ore deposits of molybdenum within the near-surface oxidized zones. It also appears as a rare mineral phase in pegmatite, tactite and basalt. Minerals found in association with powellite include molybdenite, ferrimolybdite, stilbite, laumontite and apophyllite.

Stilbite
Stilbite is the name of a series of tectosilicate minerals of the zeolite group. Prior to 1997, stilbite was recognized as a mineral species, but a reclassification in 1997 by the International Mineralogical Association changed it to a series name, with the mineral species being named:

Stilbite-Ca

Stilbite-Na, sometimes also called stiblite: 325

Stilbite-Ca, by far the more common of the two, is a hydrous calcium sodium and aluminium silicate, NaCa4(Si27Al9)O72·28(H2O). In the case of stilbite-Na, sodium dominates over calcium.  The species are visually indistinguishable, and the series name stilbite is still used whenever testing has not been performed.
Topical timeline of Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections
This is a timeline of events related to Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections, sorted by topics. It also includes events described in investigations into the many suspicious links between Trump associates and Russian officials. Those investigations continued in 2017, the first and second halves of 2018, and 2019, largely as parts of the Crossfire Hurricane FBI investigation, the Special Counsel investigation, multiple ongoing criminal investigations by several State Attorneys General, and the investigation resulting in the Inspector General report on FBI and DOJ actions in the 2016 election.

First presidential transition of Donald Trump
The first presidential transition of Donald Trump began when he won the presidential election on November 8, 2016, and became the president-elect. Trump was formally elected by the Electoral College on December 19, 2016. The results were certified by a joint session of Congress on January 6, 2017, and the transition concluded when Trump was inaugurated on January 20, 2017.