hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mathieu group
In group theory, a topic in abstract algebra, the Mathieu groups are the five sporadic simple groups M11, M12, M22, M23 and M24 introduced by Émile Mathieu (1861, 1873). They are multiply transitive permutation groups on 11, 12, 22, 23 or 24 objects. They are the first sporadic simple groups to be discovered.

Sometimes the notation M8, M9, M10, M20, and M21 is used for related groups (which act on sets of 8, 9,  10,  20, and 21 points, respectively), namely the stabilizers of points in the larger groups. While these are not sporadic simple groups, they are subgroups of the larger groups and can be used to construct the larger ones. John Conway has shown that one can also extend this sequence up, obtaining the Mathieu groupoid M13 acting on 13 points. M21 is simple, but is not a sporadic simple group, being isomorphic to the projective special linear group PSL(3,4).

Neil Sloane
Neil James Alexander Sloane FLSW (born October 10, 1939) is a British-American mathematician. His major contributions are in the fields of combinatorics, error-correcting codes, and sphere packing. Sloane is best known for being the creator and maintainer of the On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences (OEIS).
Parliamentary Party of Kosovo
The Parliamentary Party of Kosovo (Partia Parliamentare e Kosovës, PPK) is a political party in the Republic of Kosovo. It is led by former prime minister Bajram Kosumi. It is one of the oldest parties in Kosovo.

The party was founded 1990, out of the Kosovo Youth Parliament by Veton Surroi, who later left the party and formed the Reformist Party ORA. PPK has a history of being a longtime opposition party and a distant second to the ruling Democratic League of Kosovo under the Republic of Kosova (1990-2000). From 1996 to 1998, the party was led by human rights activist Adem Demaçi.

At the last legislative elections, 24 October 2004, the party was part of the Alliance for the Future of Kosovo.

Republic of Kosova
The Republic of Kosova (Albanian: Republika e Kosovës), also known as the First Republic of Kosova (Albanian: Republika e Parë e Kosovës), was a self-declared proto-state in Southeast Europe established in 1991. During its peak, it tried to establish its own parallel political institutions in opposition to the institutions of the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija held by Yugoslavia's Republic of Serbia.
Brescia Casket
The Brescia Casket, also called the lipsanotheca of Brescia (in Italian lipsanoteca) or reliquary of Brescia, is an ivory box, perhaps a reliquary, from the late 4th century, which is now in the Museo di Santa Giulia at San Salvatore in  Brescia, Italy.  It is a virtually unique survival of a complete Early Christian ivory box in generally good condition.  The 36 subjects depicted on the box represent a wide range of the images found in the evolving Christian art of the period, and their identification has generated a great deal of art-historical discussion, though the high quality of the carving has never been in question.  According to one scholar: "despite an abundance of resourceful and often astute exegesis, its date, use, provenance, and meaning remain among the most formidable and enduring enigmas in the study of early Christian art."

The complex iconography of the five faces is illustrated and identified below.

André Grabar
André Nicolaevitch Grabar (Russian: Андрей Николаевич Грабар; July 26, 1896 – October 5, 1990) was a historian of Romanesque art and the art of the Eastern Roman Empire and the Bulgarian Empire. Born and educated in Kiev, Saint Petersburg and Odessa, he spent his career in Bulgaria (1919–1922), France (1922–1958) and the United States (1958–1990). Grabar was one of the 20th-century founders of the study of the art and icons of the Eastern Roman Empire, adopting a synthetic approach embracing history, theology and interactions with the Islamic world.

His son Oleg Grabar also became an art historian, with a special interest in Islamic art and architecture.
Zenson di Piave
Zenson di Piave is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Treviso in the Italian region Veneto, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northeast of Venice and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of Treviso. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,771 and an area of 9.5 square kilometres (3.7 sq mi).

Zenson di Piave borders the following municipalities: Fossalta di Piave, Monastier di Treviso, Noventa di Piave, Salgareda, San Biagio di Callalta.

San Biagio di Callalta
San Biagio di Callalta (Italian: [sam ˈbjaːdʒo di kalˈlalta]; Venetian: San Biajo [saŋ ˈbjajo]) is a comune (municipality) in the province of Treviso, Veneto, north-eastern Italy.

It is the birthplace of Pierre Cardin.
John Vredenburgh Van Pelt
John Vredenburgh Van Pelt, F.A.I.A., A.D.G.F., (February 24, 1874 – May 30, 1962) was an architectural historian, author, and American architect active in early to mid-twentieth-century New York City. He was a partner in Green & Van Pelt (1906), in  Thompson & Van Pelt (1925), and Van Pelt, Hardy & Goubert (1928–1930). He had his offices in New York City and Patchogue, Long Island.

Fellow of the American Institute of Architects
Fellow of the American Institute of Architects (FAIA) is a postnominal title or membership, designating an individual who has been named a fellow of the American Institute of Architects (AIA).

Fellowship is bestowed by the institute on AIA-member architects who have made outstanding contributions to the profession through design excellence, contributions in the field of architectural education, or to the advancement of the profession. In 2014, fewer than 3,200 of the more than 80,000 AIA members were fellows. Honorary Fellowship (Hon. FAIA) is awarded to foreign (non-U.S. citizen) architects, and to non-architects who have made substantial contributions to the field of architecture or to the institute.
Jaycee Carroll
Jaycee Don Carroll (born April 16, 1983) is an American-born naturalized Azerbaijani former professional basketball player. He has also represented the senior Azerbaijani national team. While playing college basketball for the Utah State University Aggies, he was known for his scoring prowess, shooting ability, shooting range, and endurance. He has the 2nd highest 3 point field goal percentage in NCAA Division I history. He is the Aggies' all-time scoring leader, and also holds 9 other school records. When he finished his college basketball career, he had the 14th most 3 pointers made, and 52nd most points scored in NCAA DI history.

NBA Summer League
The NBA Summer League is a series of off-season basketball competitions in which National Basketball Association (NBA) teams come together to try out different summer rosters instead of their regular season lineups, including rookie, sophomore and G League affiliate players. The primary competition that most teams participate in, the Las Vegas NBA Summer League, has been held in the Las Vegas area since 2004. In addition, the California Classic has been hosted by the Golden State Warriors or the Sacramento Kings since 2018, and the Utah Jazz has hosted the Salt Lake City Summer League (known as the Utah Jazz Summer League from 2015 to 2019) since 2015. Previously, the Orlando Magic hosted the Orlando Pro Summer League from 2002 to 2017. All those leagues are sometimes referred to as NBA Summer League when also mentioned with its host location.
Percival, Saskatchewan
Percival was a hamlet in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan on the Trans-Canada Highway east of Broadview and west of Whitewood. Listed as a designated place by Statistics Canada, the hamlet had a reported population of two in the Canada 2006 Census, down from 15 in 2001.

Whitewood, Saskatchewan
Whitewood is a town in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It is approximately 175 kilometres (109 mi) east of Regina on  Highway 1, the Trans-Canada Highway. It is situated at the crossroads of two major highways systems — the Trans-Canada, which runs east and west, and Highway 9, which runs north and south from the US border to Hudson Bay, Saskatchewan. It is located midway between Brandon, Manitoba and Regina.

It is administrative headquarters of the First Nations band governments of the Ochapowace and the Chachacas Cree.
Chedly Zouiten Stadium
Chedly Zouiten Stadium (Arabic: ملعب الشادلي زويتن) is a multi-purpose stadium in the Mutuelleville district of Tunis, Tunisia. It is currently used by football team Stade Tunisien. The stadium holds 18,000 people.

It hosted the 1965 Africa Cup of Nations. It was renovated for two meetings of the 1994 Africa Cup of Nations. Long the main stadium in the capital, it was supplanted by the Stade El Menzah in 1967 and then by the Stade 7 November of Radès in 2001, both larger and more modern.

Stade Tunisien
Stade Tunisien (French pronunciation: [stad tynizjɛ̃]; Arabic: الملعب التونسي), abbreviated as ST, is a football club based in Le Bardo, a western suburb of Tunis (formerly the residence of the Beylical patronage). It is considered one of the top teams in the Tunis region, alongside Espérance Sportive de Tunis and Club Africain.
Oncocalamus
Oncocalamus is a monoecious genus of flowering plants in the palm family found in western Africa.  The genus is the lone member of the Oncocalaminae; once placed with the vegetatively similar Eremospatha and Laccosperma in the Ancistrophyllinae, it is now isolated based on their unusual flowers and arrangement.  Such a placement argues for a long and complex evolutionary process in the Calamoideae with heavy extinction rates.  The Greek genus name combines "horn" and "capsule".

Laccosperma
Laccosperma is a clustering genus of flowering plant in the Palm family (Arecaceae or palmae) found in tropical Africa. Poorly studied and rarely cultivated, they are closely related to the genus Eremospatha and with it form a tribe in the subfamily  Calameae characterized by dyads of hermaphrodite flowers. The genus name combines the Greek words for "reservoir" and "seed".
Dean Kelley
Melvin Dean Kelley (September 23, 1931 – January 13, 1996) was an American basketball player who competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics.

He was part of the American basketball team, which won the gold medal. He played six matches.

He later played three seasons for the Peoria Cats from (1956–59) Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) team, winning a championship there in 1958.

He was the brother of 1960 Summer Olympics gold medalist Allen Kelley.

Caterpillar Diesels
The Caterpillar Diesels (also later known as the Peoria Cats or Caterpillars) was an amateur basketball team located in Peoria, Illinois and sponsored and run by the Caterpillar Inc. company. The Caterpillars were one of the most successful teams of the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) in the 1950s and they became world-wide known in 1952 when five of their players represented the USA team in the Olympics, winning the gold medal.
Perrott-Warrick Fund
The Perrott–Warrick Fund is administered by Trinity College, Cambridge, and awards grants for research in parapsychology. According to Susan Blackmore, it is the second largest source of grants for psychical research in the UK, after the University of Edinburgh's Koestler Parapsychology Unit. Caroline Watt of the University of Edinburgh has been Perrott–Warrick Senior Researcher since 2010. The position was previously held by Rupert Sheldrake, Richard Wiseman and Nicholas Humphrey.

Koestler Parapsychology Unit
The Koestler Parapsychology Unit is a research group established in 1985 at the University of Edinburgh, in Scotland, to teach and conduct research concerning various aspects of parapsychology.
It hosts the only endowed chair of parapsychology in the UK, established by a bequest following the suicide in 1983 of internationally acclaimed intellectual, writer and journalist Arthur Koestler.
The first person to hold the chair, beginning in 1985, was Robert L. Morris. John Beloff and Joshua Snyder were instrumental in setting it up. The chair is currently held by Professor Caroline Watt.

The unit interprets parapsychology events to include in its remit "what’s not psychic but looks like it" and makes no judgement about the mechanisms underlying apparent paranormal events. Its focus is primarily on understanding why people believe they have psi experiences, and on how to improve the scientific rigour of studies.

The unit includes the Koestler Parapsychology Library.
Brooks Institute
The Brooks Institute was a private for-profit art school in Ventura, California. It was formerly the Brooks Institute of Photography and was originally based in Montecito and Santa Barbara. Brooks Institute offered four majors and two graduate programs. The college was last owned by Gphomestay. The college consolidated and moved operations from Santa Barbara to the Ventura Campus before autumn 2015.

The college abruptly announced it was closing on August 12, 2016. The last term was the summer 2016 semester. Enrollment had declined by 90% to 250 students, completion rates ranged from 3% to 40% by program, and there was controversy surrounding advertising using inflated job placement rates, unusual loan policies, and surprise fees.

Production company
A production company, production house, or production studio is a studio that creates works in the fields of performing arts, new media art, film, television, radio, comics, interactive arts, video games, websites, music, and video. These groups consist of technical staff and members to 
produce the media, and are often incorporated as a commercial publisher.

Generally the term refers to all individuals responsible for the technical aspects of creating a particular product, regardless of where in the process their expertise is required, or how long they are involved in the project.  For example, in a theatrical performance, the production team has not only the running crew, but also the theatrical producer, designers, and theatrical direction.
Auburn Valley State Park
Auburn Valley State Park (formerly Auburn Heights Preserve) is a 471-acre (191 ha) public recreation and historic preservation area located in Yorklyn, Delaware, United States. The state park preserves the former home and estate of the Marshall family as well as portions of the family's former mills alongside the Red Clay Creek and additional land purchased by the state. The preserve contains 4 miles (6.4 km) of trails for walking and biking, including a 1.2 mile paved loop. The state owns conservation easements on 160 acres of privately owned land adjacent to the park to help maintain the park's rural character.

The park also features a large collection of operational steam cars and a miniature coal-powered train that runs on tracks encircling the estate. The mansion, mills, and steam museum were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 as the Auburn Mills Historic District.

National Vulcanized Fiber
NVF Company, formerly known as National Vulcanized Fiber, was a private company based in Yorklyn, Delaware. One of its original products, a sheet-like material called Forbon, was commonly used on guitar pickups. NVF also made a product called Yorkite, another vulcanized fibre, that has wood grain printed directly on the material.

At one time, the company generated an estimated $42.2 million in sales and had about 550 employees.

NVF stopped manufacturing Vulcanized Fibre in Yorklyn after a flood in 2003 damaged the equipment. Corporate offices continued to operate until 2009, when they declared bankruptcy and dissolved the company, including the Kennett Square facility which made Industrial Plastic Laminates. At that point, NVF Company ceased to exist.
William M. Walton
William Martin Walton (January 17, 1832 – July 1, 1915) was a lawyer in Austin, Texas. During the Civil War, Walton served as a major in the Confederate Army.  After the war, he was elected attorney general of the state and also headed the state Democratic Party.  At the time of his death, Walton was one of the most respected lawyers in Texas.

Texas Attorney General
The Texas attorney general is the chief legal officer of the U.S. state of Texas. The current officeholder, Republican Ken Paxton, has served in the position since January 5, 2015. He joined the office on September 18, 2023 and his current term ends on January 1, 2027.
Dover, Singapore
Dover is a relatively small neighbourhood of Singapore, located in Queenstown. It is bordered by Ghim Moh to the north, Kent Ridge to the south and southeast, one-north and Queenstown to the east, Commonwealth and Holland Village to the northeast Clementi to the west and West Coast to the southwest. It is often a noted location due to the sheer number of educational facilities it holds, while lying in a zone between the Central Area and near industrial zone in the vicinity of Jurong.

Clementi, Singapore
Clementi (IPA: /kləˈmɛnti/ klə-MEN-tee, locally /ˈklɛmənti/ KLEM-ən-tee) is a planning area and residential town located at the easternmost fringe of the West Region of Singapore. The town borders Bukit Batok to the north, Bukit Timah to the northeast, Queenstown to the east and Jurong East to the west.
Thyrosticta dujardini
Thyrosticta dujardini is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae first described by Paul Griveaud in 1969. It is native to Madagascar.

This species has a wingspan of 32 mm. The forewings are dark brown, almost black, with four straw-yellow spots. Hindwings are orange yellow with a brown-black edge.

Arctiinae
The Arctiinae (formerly called the family Arctiidae) are a large and diverse subfamily of moths with around 11,000 species found all over the world, including 6,000 neotropical species. This subfamily includes the groups commonly known as tiger moths (or tigers), which usually have bright colours, footmen, which are usually much drabber, lichen moths, and wasp moths. Many species have "hairy" caterpillars that are popularly known as woolly bears or woolly worms. The scientific name Arctiinae refers to this hairiness (Gk. αρκτος = a bear). Some species within the Arctiinae have the word "tussock"' in their common names because they have been misidentified as members of the Lymantriinae subfamily based on the characteristics of the larvae.
Autonomous county
Autonomous counties (Chinese: 自治县) and autonomous banners (Chinese: 自治旗) are county-level autonomous administrative divisions of China. Autonomous counties tend to have a large number of ethnic minority citizens compared to ordinary counties (if not an outright majority), or are the historic home of a significant minority population.

There are 117 autonomous counties and three autonomous banners. The latter are found in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and the former are found everywhere else.

Autonomous administrative divisions of China
Chinese autonomous administrative divisions are associated with one or more ethnic minorities that are designated as autonomous within the People's Republic of China. These areas are recognized in the Constitution of the People's Republic of China and are nominally given a number of rights not accorded to other administrative divisions of China. For example, Tibetan minorities in autonomous regions are granted rights and support not given to the Han Chinese, such as fiscal and medical subsidies.
37th Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry
The 37th Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry was a regiment of the East India Company's Bengal Army, which had only become a separate regiment in 1824, and was later to become one of the regiments which took part in the Indian Rebellion of 1857 at Benares in 1857.

Bengal Army
The Bengal Army was the army of the Bengal Presidency, one of the three presidencies of British India within the British Empire.

It was formed in 1756 and underwent various re-organisations, including the creation of irregular infantry and cavalry regiments during the 1840s. It was originally recruited from high-caste Hindus but more diversity was introduced after 1857.

The presidency armies, like the presidencies themselves, belonged to the East India Company (EIC) until the Government of India Act 1858, passed in the aftermath of the Indian Rebellion of 1857, transferred all three presidencies to the direct authority of the British Crown. In 1895 the three presidency armies were merged into the British Indian Army.
1984 Korfball World Championship
The 1984 Korfball World Championship was the second edition of the major international korfball competition. It was held in Belgium on April 24–27, in the cities of Antwerp, Louvain la Neuve, Hasselt and Ghent. The Netherlands defeated Belgium at the final by 11–9.

IKF World Korfball Championship
The IKF World Korfball Championship is an international korfball competition contested by the national teams of the members of International Korfball Federation (IKF), the sport's global governing body. The championship has been awarded roughly every four years since the inaugural tournament in 1978. The current champions are the Netherlands, who won the 2023 IKF World Korfball Championship.

The 12 World Championships have been won by two different national teams. The Netherlands have won all but one time, losing only to Belgium in the 1991 Korfball World Championship.
Visegrad Patent Institute
The Visegrad Patent Institute (VPI; Czech: Visegrádský Patentový Institut; Slovak: Vyšehradský Patentový Inštitút; Hungarian: Visegrádi Szabadalmi Intézet; Polish: Wyszehradzki Instytut Patentowy) is an international organization for cooperation in the field of patents, created by the national patent offices of the four Visegrad countries, namely the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia. The Agreement on the Visegrad Patent Institute (VPI Agreement) was signed in Bratislava on February 26, 2015. The Institute acts as an International Searching Authority (ISA) and International Preliminary Examining Authorities (IPEA) under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT).

According to Slovak Foreign Affairs Minister Miroslav Lajčák, the signature of the agreement on creating the Visegrad Patent Institute was an important milestone in the history of the Visegrád Group, the alliance between Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia.

Patent office
A patent office is a governmental or intergovernmental organization which controls the issue of patents. In other words, "patent offices are government bodies that may grant a patent or reject the patent application based on whether the application fulfils the requirements for patentability."
Yiqiejing yinyi (Xuanying)
The Yiqiejing yinyi (c. 649) is the oldest surviving Chinese dictionary of technical Buddhist terminology, and the archetype for later Chinese bilingual dictionaries. This specialized glossary was compiled by the Tang dynasty lexicographer and monk Xuanying (玄應), who was a translator for the famous pilgrim and Sanskritist monk Xuanzang. When Xuanying died he had only finished 25 chapters of the dictionary, but in 807 another Tang monk named Huilin (慧琳) compiled an enlarged 100-chapter version bearing the same title.

Chinese dictionary
There are two types of dictionaries regularly used in the Chinese language: 'character dictionaries' (字典; zìdiǎn) list individual Chinese characters, and 'word dictionaries' (辞典; 辭典; cídiǎn) list words and phrases. Because tens of thousands of characters have been used in written Chinese, Chinese lexicographers have developed a number of methods to order and sort characters to facilitate more convenient reference.

Chinese dictionaries have been published for over two millennia, beginning in the Han dynasty. This is the longest lexicographical history of any language. In addition to works for standard Chinese, beginning with the 1st-century CE Fangyan dictionaries also been created for the many varieties of Chinese. One of the most influential Chinese dictionaries ever published was the Kangxi Dictionary, finished in 1716 during the Qing dynasty, with the list of 214 Kangxi radicals it popularized are still widely used.