hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Calcium encoding
Calcium encoding (also referred to as Ca2+ encoding or calcium information processing) is an intracellular signaling pathway used by many cells to transfer, process and encode external information detected by the cell. In cell physiology, external information is often converted into intracellular calcium dynamics. The concept of calcium encoding explains how Ca2+ ions act as intracellular messengers, relaying information within cells to regulate their activity. Given the ubiquity of Ca2+ ions in cell physiology, Ca2+ encoding has also been suggested as a potential tool to characterize cell physiology in health and disease. The mathematical bases of Ca2+ encoding have been pioneered by work of Joel Keizer and Hans G. Othmer on calcium modeling in the 1990s and more recently they have been revisited by Eshel Ben-Jacob, Herbert Levine and co-workers.

Mathematical model
A mathematical model is an abstract description of a concrete  system using mathematical concepts and language. The process of developing a mathematical model is termed mathematical modeling. Mathematical models are used in many fields, including applied mathematics, natural sciences, social sciences and engineering. In particular, the field of operations research studies the use of mathematical modelling and related tools to solve problems in business or military operations. A model may help to characterize a system by studying the effects of different components, which may be used to make predictions about behavior or solve specific problems.
Khaparkheda Thermal Power Station
Khaparkheda Thermal Power Station is located in Khaperkheda Town Nagpur district in the Indian state of Maharashtra. The power plant is one of the oldest coal based power plants of Maharashtra State Power Generation Company. The coal for the power plant is sourced from Saoner and Dumri Khurd mines of Western Coalfields Limited (WCL).Mainly coal transport through the Indian Railways. Now coal India has opened many mines in nearby areas and these mines are also providing coal to the power plant, specially to the new power plant which is of 500 MW. Source of water for the power plant is from Pench reservoir through a pond of Koradi Thermal Power Station (KTPS). Since the new power plant has begun operations, locals have reported increase in dust leading to many health conditions. This is due to low quality equipment used in the power plant

Nagpur district
Nagpur district (Marathi pronunciation: [naːɡpuːɾ]) is a district in the Vidarbha region of Maharashtra state in central India. The city of Nagpur is the district administrative centre. The district is part of Nagpur Division.

Nagpur district is bounded by Bhandara district on the east, Chandrapur district on the southeast, Wardha district on the southwest, Amravati district on the northwest and Chhindwara district and Seoni district of Madhya Pradesh state on the north.
Ceyx of Trachis
In Greek mythology, Ceyx (/ˈsiːɪks/; Ancient Greek: Κήυξ, romanized: Kḗux, lit. 'gannet') was a king of Trachis in Thessaly. He received Heracles, and Heracles's sons later fled to him.  Some accounts make him Amphitryon's nephew, with Heracles building Trachis for him. Muller supposes that the marriage of Ceyx and his connection with Heracles were the subjects of ancient poems.

Ceyx befriended Heracles and offered him protection against King Eurystheus. Ceyx's son Hippasus accompanied Heracles on his campaign against King Eurytus of Oechalia, during which Hippasus was slain in battle. Ceyx was also called the father of Hylas and Themistonoe, who married King Cycnus

Amphitryon
Amphitryon (/æmˈfɪtriən/; Ancient Greek: Ἀμφιτρύων, gen.: Ἀμφιτρύωνος; usually interpreted as "harassing either side", Latin: Amphitruo), in Greek mythology, was a son of Alcaeus, king of Tiryns in Argolis. His mother was named either Astydameia, the daughter of Pelops and Hippodamia, or Laonome, daughter of Guneus, or else Hipponome, daughter of Menoeceus. Amphitryon was the brother of Anaxo (wife of Electryon), and Perimede, wife of Licymnius. He was a husband of Alcmene, Electryon's daughter, and stepfather of the Greek hero Heracles.
Football in Senegal
The sport of football is the most popular sport in Senegal. Approximately 60% of the people in Senegal are interested in football.

In the country of Senegal, football is run by the Senegalese Football Federation. The association administers the national football team, as well as the Premier League. Some of the most notable players from the country include Roger Mendy, Jules Bocandé, Tony Sylva, Henri Camara, El Hadji Diouf, Sadio Mané and Kalidou Koulibaly.

ASC Jaraaf
Association Sportive et Culturelle Jaraaf is a Senegalese professional football club based in Dakar. They play in the top division in Senegalese football. Their home stadium is Stade de Diaraf.

ASC Jaraaf is the most popular club in Senegal. The club also has the most competitive honours won in Senegal, totaling to 28.
Zenrahoku Province
Zenrahoku-dō (全羅北道; Korean: 전라북도), alternatively Zenrahoku Province, Zenra Hoku, or North Zenra Province, was a province of Korea under Japanese rule. Its capital was Zenshū (Jeonju). The province consisted of what is now the South Korean province of North Jeolla.

Gunsan
Gunsan (Korean: 군산; [kun.sʰan]), also romanized as Kunsan, is a city in North Jeolla Province, South Korea. It is on the south bank of the Geum River just upstream from its exit into the Yellow Sea. It has emerged as a high-tech manufacturing industrial city and an international trade seaport that is approximately 200 km (120 mi) southwest of Seoul on the midwest coast of the Korean Peninsula.

Kunsan Air Base operated by the United States Air Force is in the city. To encourage investment, a free trade zone has been declared.
Florida State Road 30A
State Road 30A (SR 30A) is a Florida Department of Transportation designation shared by four alternate routings of SR 30 in the Florida panhandle. Two segments have SR 30A signage; the other two do not as they are segments of U.S. Route 98 (US 98). Three of the four SR 30A segments are next to the shore of the Gulf of Mexico for most (if not all) of their length.

Gulf County, Florida
Gulf County is a county located in the panhandle of the U.S. state of Florida. As of the 2020 census, the population was 14,192. Its county seat is Port St. Joe. Gulf County is included in the Panama City, FL Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Chicoric acid
Chicoric acid (also known as cichoric acid) is a hydroxycinnamic acid, an organic compound of the phenylpropanoid class and occurs in a variety of plant species. It is a derivative of both caffeic acid and tartaric acid.

As a suitable marker for the distinction of Echinacea species, it is often assayed using RP-HPLC and Thin layer chromatography (TLC) methods.

Caffeic acid
Caffeic acid is an organic compound with the formula (HO)2C6H3CH=CHCO2H.  It plays a key role in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in energy metabolism.  Caffeic acid is also responsible for maintaining normal levels of nitric oxide (NO) within cells.  Caffeic acid is a yellow, solid chemical compound that is structurally classified as a hydroxycinnamic acid, and the molecule consists of both phenolic and acrylic functional groups. Caffeic acid is found in all plants as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of lignin, a naturally occurring complex carbohydrate representing the principal components of biomass and its residues. It is chemically unrelated to caffeine; instead, the shared name is related to its presence in coffee.
Gosse Ludigman
Gosse Ludigman was a legendary potestaat of Friesland, now a province of the Netherlands. He does not appear in sources until hundreds of years after his supposed life.

Gosse lived at Staveren, was married to Tetta Brederode and was elected potestaat in 989. In the chronicle of Egmond, by the fifteenth century Carmelite John of Leiden, who said: "Hij leefde ten tijde van graaf Arnoud, die zichzelf graaf van Oostergo en Westergo noemde zonder ooit enig gezag te hebben uitgeoefend" [He lived at the time of Count Arnoud who proclaimed himself count of Oostergo and Westergo without ever having any authority].

His predecessor was Igo Galema, and after his death the potestaat started to be elected to one-year terms. The next potestaat elected for life was Saco Reinalda in 1150.

Saco Reinalda
Saco Reinalda (chosen from 1150 to 1167) was a legendary potestaat of Friesland, now a province of the Netherlands. Sometimes his name was written as Rengnalda, his son was called Wilco Reinalda.

According to later and inaccurate sources, Saco Reinalda of Westernijtsjerk was twice Potestaat of Friesland, and had the right to save gold and silver coins (0. Sc, 27).
Croatia national football team results (1940–1991)
This is a list of the Croatia national football team results from 1940 in Yugoslavia up to the country's independence in 1991.

The 1940s matches include four played by the Banovina of Croatia and another fifteen by the Independent State of Croatia. Then, the Socialist Republic of Croatia played a 1956 match against Indonesia.

In the modern era, the nation played three friendly matches under its new name, the Republic of Croatia, shortly before its independence from Yugoslavia, the first being against the United States in 1990.

1990 Croatia v United States football match
On 17 October 1990 Croatia hosted the United States in an unofficial international friendly in Zagreb's Maksimir stadium.  Held on the eve of the nation's independence from Yugoslavia, this was Croatia's second international match in the modern era.

The match was considered unofficial by FIFA, because Croatia at that time was not affiliated to FIFA. Croatia was readmitted to FIFA on 3 July 1992.
Log Cabin Stable
Log Cabin Stable was a Thoroughbred horse racing partnership founded in 1923 by New York City financiers W. Averell Harriman and Bert Walker who raced under orange and white silks.

As part of a private purchase of twenty horses, in January 1925 Harriman and Walker acquired Chance Play from the estate of August Belmont Jr. and raced him under the nom de course, Arden Farm.  The horse would be voted the retrospective American Horse of the Year for 1926.

A disagreement between the two owners of Log Cabin Stable in the fall of 1926 led to the partnership being dissolved and Averell Harriman became the stable's sole owner.

Trainers who worked for the Log Cabin stable include Albert Simons (1923), Will. M. Wallace (1924), Louis Feustel (1925-July 1926), John I. Smith (1927–1928), George M. Odom (1928).

August Belmont Jr.
August Belmont Jr. (February 18, 1853 – December 10, 1924) was an American financier. He financed the construction of the original New York City Subway line (1900–1904) and for many years headed the Interborough Rapid Transit Company, which ran the transit system. He also financed and led the construction of the Cape Cod Canal in Massachusetts, which opened in 1914. 
Belmont bought the land for and built New York's Belmont Park racetrack—named for his father—and was a major owner/breeder of thoroughbred racehorses. 
He served as chairman of the board of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad. He also served as a director of the Southern Pacific Co., parent of the railroad, and National Park Bank.
History of Duke University
The history of Duke University began when Brown's Schoolhouse, a private subscription school in Randolph County, North Carolina (in the present-day town of Trinity), was founded in 1838. The school was renamed to Union Institute Academy in 1841, Normal College in 1851, and to Trinity College in 1859. Finally moving to Durham in 1892, the school grew rapidly, primarily due to the generosity of Washington Duke and Julian S. Carr, powerful and respected Methodists who had grown wealthy through the tobacco industry. In 1924, Washington Duke's son, James B. Duke, established The Duke Endowment, a $40 million (about $430 million in 2005 dollars) trust fund, some of which was to go to Trinity College. The president thus renamed the school Duke University, as a memorial to Washington Duke and his family.

Pratt School of Engineering
The Duke University Pratt School of Engineering is the engineering school of Duke University, a private research university in Durham, North Carolina, United States.

The school was created by the Board of Trustees at Duke University as the College of Engineering in 1939. It was named in 1999 following a $35 million gift by Edmund T. Pratt Jr., a 1947 bachelor's degree recipient and former chief executive of Pfizer.

The school maintains departments in the fields of biomedical engineering, civil & environmental engineering, electrical & computer engineering, and mechanical engineering & materials science.
69 Aquilae
69 Aquilae, abbreviated 69 Aql, is a star in the equatorial constellation of Aquila. 69 Aquilae is its Flamsteed designation. It is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.91. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 16.2 mas, it is located 201 light years away. The star is moving closer to the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of −22.5 km/s.

The stellar classification of 69 Aquilae is K1/2 III, which means this is an evolved giant star. It belongs to a sub-category called the red clump, indicating that it is on the horizontal branch and is generating energy through helium fusion at its core. The star is about 3.4 billion years old with 1.54 times the mass of the Sun and has expanded to 11 times the Sun's radius. It is radiating 45.7 times the Sun's luminosity from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,529 K.

Aquila (constellation)
Aquila is a constellation on the celestial equator. Its name is Latin for 'eagle' and it represents the bird that carried Zeus/Jupiter's thunderbolts in Greek-Roman mythology.

Its brightest star, Altair, is one vertex of the Summer Triangle asterism. The constellation is best seen in the northern summer, as it is located along the Milky Way. Because of this location, many clusters and nebulae are found within its borders, but they are dim and galaxies are few.
Ai Ore!
Ai Ore! (Japanese: 愛を歌うより俺に溺れろ!, Hepburn: Ai o Utau Yori Ore ni Oborero!; "Rather than Singing of Love, Drown in Me!") is a Japanese manga series by Mayu Shinjo. It was adapted into a live action film in 2012.

The Boss (band)
The Boss (Korean: 대국남아; lit. The Boys of Super Space; Japanese: 大国男児), also known as DGNA, was a South Korean boy band formed in 2010 by Open World Entertainment. The group quietly disbanded with multiple members joining the group ASC2NT in 2024.

All five members of The Boss were formerly members of the generational band Xing with different stage names. After being officially announced on January 28, 2010, The Boss debuted on March 4, 2010, with the song "Admiring Boy" on Mnet M!Countdown.

Starting September 2010, The Boss spent a year promoting their Japanese singles "Love Power", "Love Bingo!", and "Love Parade" as part of their "Love Series" before returning to South Korea to promote "Lady" in October 2011. They have been referred to as "K-pop re-exported from Japan" because they used a "Japan-First, Korea-Later" strategy in their performances.
Equity stripping
Equity stripping, also known as equity skimming, is a type of foreclosure rescue scheme. Often considered a form of predatory lending, equity stripping became increasingly widespread in the early 2000s. In an equity stripping scheme an investor buys the property from a homeowner facing foreclosure and agrees to lease the home to the homeowner who may remain in the home as a tenant. Often, these transactions take advantage of uninformed, low-income homeowners; because of the complexity of the transaction, victims are often unaware that they are giving away their property and equity. Several states have taken steps to confront the more unscrupulous practices of equity stripping. Although "foreclosure re-conveyance" schemes can be beneficial and ethically conducted in some circumstances, many times the practice relies on fraud and egregious or unmeetable terms.

Foreclosure rescue scheme
A foreclosure rescue scheme is a scam that targets those whose house is facing potential foreclosure. The scheme preys on desperate homeowners whose mortgages are in default by offering to prevent foreclosure. There are various ways in which foreclosure rescue schemes work, causing different types of harm to the homeowners, but all ultimately with the likely end result of the owner being forced out of their home and losing even more money.

Foreclosure rescue schemes are typically advertised in a variety of informal settings, such as roadside signs.
Ballydargan
Ballydargan is a townland eight kilometres south of Downpatrick, County Down, Northern Ireland. Ballydargan is in the parish of Bright. It has a rich and intricate history, deeply connected to its windmill and the Oakley Park demesne.

High Sheriff of Down
The High Sheriff of Down is the Sovereign's judicial representative in County Down. Initially an office for lifetime, assigned by the Sovereign, the High Sheriff became annually appointed from the Provisions of Oxford in 1258. Besides his judicial importance, he has ceremonial and administrative functions and executes High Court Writs.
Metencephalon
The metencephalon is the embryonic part of the hindbrain that differentiates into the pons and the cerebellum. It contains a portion of the fourth ventricle and the trigeminal nerve (CN V), abducens nerve (CN VI), facial nerve (CN VII), and a portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII).

Abducens nerve
The abducens nerve or abducent nerve, also known as the sixth cranial nerve, cranial nerve VI, or simply CN VI, is a cranial nerve in humans and various other animals that controls the movement of the lateral rectus muscle, one of the extraocular muscles responsible for outward gaze. It is a somatic efferent nerve.
AGF Open
The AGF Open was a European Tour golf tournament which was played in France from 1988 to 1990. The first event was held at Biarritz Golf Club and the other two at Golf de La Grande-Motte, near Montpellier. Its renewal in 1991 was cancelled due to sponsors being in dispute with the events promoters.

The most notable of the three winners was future European Ryder Cup captain Mark James of England. In 1990 the prize fund was £201,358, which was one of the smaller purses on the European Tour that year.

In 1988, David Llewellyn set a new European Tour record 72-hole aggregate of 258, surpassing the 259 set by Mark McNulty at the German Open in 1987. The record was equalled in 1990 by Ian Woosnam at the Monte Carlo Open and stood until August 2020, when it was broken by Andy Sullivan at Hanbury Manor Golf Club in the English Championship.

English Championship (golf)
The English Championship was a professional golf tournament held 6–9 August 2020 at Hanbury Manor Golf Club in Thundridge, near Ware, Hertfordshire, England.

The tournament was intended to be a one-off event and was the third leg of a six-week "UK swing" on the European Tour during the 2020 season. The UK swing was created as part of sweeping changes to the tour's schedule due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Prior to the tournament, American John Catlin became the first player to be withdrawn from a tournament due to violating the tour's health measures.

Andy Sullivan won the tournament and achieved a new European Tour scoring record at the time, with an aggregate of 257 over 72 holes, beating the old record of 258, shared by David Llewellyn and Ian Woosnam, who achieved their records in 1988 and 1990 respectively. This record has since been beaten by Garrick Higgo, who shot an aggregate score of 255 in 2021.
Saint-Étienne Mine Museum
The Saint-Étienne Mine Museum is a French museum founded in 1991 in the city of Saint-Étienne in the French department of the Loire situated in the Rhône-Alpes region. It presents the facilities of a former coalmine. The site is registered as a historical monument since 2011.

Show mine
A show mine is a mine that is accessible to visitors.

A mine, i.e. an industrial facility for the underground extraction of mineral products, has three operating phases: it may be open or running, or closed or it may be a working museum. Most mines are simply closed once they are no longer productive. For safety they are usually partially destroyed (filled in). However, many mines are at least partially accessible today to visitors.

In such cases they may be referred to as show mines or visitor mines if the focus is mainly on visiting the former mine, or mining museums if the mine only forms part of a museum. Most show mines have been set up in abandoned mines. In recent decades, however, they are often established immediately after mining ceases, creating some jobs funded at least partially by cultural tourism.
Topu Barman
Topu Barman (Bengali: তপু বর্মন; born 20 December 1994) is a Bangladeshi professional footballer who plays as a centre back for Bangladesh Premier League club Bashundhara Kings and the Bangladesh national team.

2015–16 Bangladesh Premier League (football)
The 2015–16 Bangladesh Premier League (also known as JB Bangladesh Premier League for sponsorship reasons) was the ninth season of the Bangladesh Premier League since establishment of the league in 2007. A total of 12 teams competed in the league. The league began on 24 July 2016.

Saif Global Sports are the right holder of BPL's ninth edition and they will accommodate the advertising, branding, TV transmission, radio, marketing rights of the Bangladesh Premier League 2016.

Sheikh Jamal Dhanmondi Club are the defending champions, having won their Bangladesh Premier League title the previous season.

BFF has agreed to provide a purse of Taka thirty lacs as appearance money to each of the 12 participant teams for their accommodation and transportation outside the capital.

A total of 24 matches out of 132 matches were to be played in Dhaka and rest of the matches played outside Dhaka.
2006 NCAA Division I women's lacrosse tournament
The 2006 NCAA Division I Women's Lacrosse Championship was the 25th annual single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of Division I NCAA women's college lacrosse. The championship game was played at Nickerson Field in Boston, Massachusetts during May 2006. All NCAA Division I women's lacrosse programs were eligible for this championship, and a total of 16 teams were invited to participate.

Northwestern defeated Dartmouth, 7–4, to win their second national championship. This would subsequently become the second of Northwestern's seven national titles in eight years (2005–2009, 2011–12).

The leading scorer for the tournament was Crysti Foote from Notre Dame (17 goals). Sarah Albrecht, from Northwestern, was named the tournament's Most Outstanding Player.

NCAA Division I women's lacrosse tournament
The NCAA Division I women's lacrosse tournament is annual single-elimination tournament hosted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association to determine the national champion women's collegiate lacrosse among its Division I members in the United States. It has been held every year since 1982, except for 2020.

Maryland Terrapins have been the most successful program, with fourteen titles.

North Carolina is the reigning national champions, winning their fourth title in 2025.
Karazhanbas oil field
The Karazhanbas Oil Field is an oil field located in Mangystau Province in Kazakhstan. It was discovered in 1984 and developed by CITIC Resources. The oil field is operated and owned by CITIC Resources. The total proven reserves of the oil field are around 135 million barrels (18 million tonnes), and production is centered on 18,600 barrels per day (2,960 m3/d).

CITIC Resources
CITIC Resources Holdings Limited (Chinese: 中信资源控股有限公司; pinyin: Zhōngxìn Zīyuán Kònggǔ Yǒuxiàn Gōngsī) is a Hong Kong-based natural resources company and a red chip subsidiary of the CITIC Group, one of China's largest state-owned conglomerates. Established in 1997, the company has evolved from a metals trading firm into a vertically integrated natural resources enterprise engaged in oil, coal, aluminum, and commodities trading.