hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Effects of domestic violence on children
The effects of domestic violence on children have a tremendous impact on the well-being and developmental growth of children witnessing it. Children can be exposed to domestic violence in a multitude of ways and goes beyond witnessing or overhearing, although there is disagreement in how it should be measured. Children who are exposed to domestic violence in the home often believe that they are to blame, live in a constant state of fear, and are 15 times more likely to be victims of child abuse. Close observation during an interaction can alert providers to the need for further investigation and intervention, such as dysfunctions in the physical, behavioral, emotional, and social areas of life, and can aid in early intervention and assistance for child victims.

Child abuse
Child abuse (also called child endangerment or child maltreatment) is physical, sexual, emotional and/or psychological maltreatment or neglect of a child, especially by a parent or a caregiver. Child abuse may include any act or failure to act by a parent or a caregiver that results in actual or potential wrongful harm to a child and can occur in a child's home, or in organizations, schools, or communities the child interacts with.

Different jurisdictions have different requirements for mandatory reporting and have developed different definitions of what constitutes child abuse, and therefore have different criteria to remove children from their families or to prosecute a criminal charge.
Mamá también
Mamá también is a Colombian telenovela produced by Teleset for RCN Televisión. The series was aired from 18 November 2013 to 28 April 2014. The plot revolves around teen pregnancy, bullying and drugs in young people, as well as their social life during their high school stage. It stars a youth cast made up of Ana María Estupiñán, Juanita Arias, Estefanía Piñeres, and Variel Sánchez.

It premiered with a total of 8.1 rating points, occupying fifth place as the least watched program during its premiere. It ended with a total of 3.6 rating points, being the least watched program in its last episode.

Teleset
Sony Pictures Television – Latin America & U.S. Hispanic, doing business as Teleset, is a television production company based in Bogotá, Colombia. It produced Metástasis, the Spanish-language remake of Breaking Bad.

Teleset's portfolio contains popular telenovelas such as La Baby Sister, The Useless One, Love in Custody and Three Miracles. Working hand in hand with Sony Pictures Television through its International Production division, Teleset has been a pioneer in the TV series genre with programs such as Rosario Tijeras, La prepago, Metástasis, Niñas mal, Popland, Lady, La sellera derosas, La Reina del Flow, El Mariachi and En la mouth of the wolf, among others. In the entertainment part, Teleset has produced Colombian versions of formats such as ¿Quién quiere ser millonario?, Robinson Expedition, El Factor X, Popstars and Colombia has talent, among others.
Mount Donna Buang
Mount Donna Buang ("the body of the mountain" in the language of the Wurundjeri people) is a mountain in the southern reaches of the Victorian Alps of the Great Dividing Range, located in the Australian state of Victoria. Approximately 94 kilometres (58 mi) from Melbourne with an elevation of 1,250 metres (4,101 ft), Mount Donna Buang is the closest snowfield to Melbourne.

Eucalyptus delegatensis
Eucalyptus delegatensis, commonly known as alpine ash, gum-topped stringybark, white-top and in Victoria as woollybutt, is a species of tree that is endemic to southeastern Australia. It has a straight trunk with rough, fibrous to stringy bark on the lower half of the trunk, smooth white bark above, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of between seven and fifteen, white flowers and barrel-shaped or hemispherical fruit.
Boothferry Park Halt railway station
Boothferry Park Halt railway station opened on 6 January 1951 on an embankment of the former Hull and Barnsley Railway to serve the Boothferry Park football stadium which had opened in Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire in August 1946.

The station was first used for a match against Everton when six trains ran the football service between Hull Paragon and Boothferry Park. The station closed in 1986 for safety reasons.

The station was a single platform, 200 yards (180 m) long. It was removed in October 2007 by Network Rail during engineering work.

Boothferry Park Halt railway station was one of several in England built to provide a dedicated match-day service to a football ground; others included Manchester United Football Ground, Watford Stadium, Ramsline Halt in Derby, and the first Wembley Stadium station.

Ramsline Halt railway station
Ramsline Halt is a disused single-platform railway station in the Pear Tree area of Derby, England. It was opened by British Rail in 1990 to serve football specials bringing away supporters to the Baseball Ground, then the home stadium of Derby County F.C.   The station cost £320,000 to build, partly funded by the Football Trust, but only four trains ever stopped there. In 1997 Derby County moved to the new Pride Park Stadium and Ramsline Halt closed. In spite of this, it remains in reasonable condition.  There is no current access to it, but it can be seen from Osmaston Road. The station name board is now at the National Football Museum.

The purpose of the station was to prevent crowd trouble and aid policing by keeping visiting supporters away from the main Derby station, the city centre and residential areas.

The station was on a freight-only loop to the west of the main Derby-Birmingham line, between Derby and Peartree.
Pordim Islands
Pordim Islands (Bulgarian: острови Пордим, ‘Ostrovi Pordim’ 'os-tro-vi 'por-dim) are two adjacent islands situated 870 m (950 yd) east-northeast of Heywood Island and 2.1 km (1.3 mi) northwest of Catharina Point on Robert Island, South Shetland Islands.  Extending 960 m (1,050 yd) in east-southeast to west-northwest direction.  The larger islet has a surface area of 10 hectares (25 acres).  Bulgarian early mapping in 2009.  Named after the town of Pordim in northern Bulgaria.

62°18′41″S 59°39′33″W﻿ / ﻿62.31139°S 59.65917°W﻿ / -62.31139; -59.65917

Heywood Island (Antarctica)
Heywood Island is the largest of the islands off the north coast of Robert Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.  It is named after Captain Peter Heywood, RN (1773–1831), commanding HMS Nereus off the east coast of South America in 1810–13, formerly a midshipman in HMS Bounty under Captain William Bligh.  The area was visited by early 19th century sealers operating from nearby Clothier Harbour.
Doras carinatus
Doras carinatus is a species of thorny catfish found in Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname and Venezuela.  This species grows to a length of 30.0 centimetres (11.8 in) SL.  This species can emit sounds by moving its pectoral spines. Every basic unit of sound emitted lasts for 60–70 milliseconds, with a frequency of 60–90 hertz corresponding to the reply frequency of the muscles utilized.

Doradidae
The Doradidae are a family of catfishes also known as thorny catfishes, raphael catfishes  or talking catfishes. These fish are native to South America, primarily the Amazon basin and the Guianas.

Doradids are omnivorous.
Torture during the Algerian War
Elements from the French Armed Forces used deliberate torture during the Algerian War (1954–1962), creating an ongoing public controversy. Pierre Vidal-Naquet, a renowned French historian, estimated that there were "hundreds of thousands of instances of torture" by the French military in Algeria.

Raphaëlle Branche
Raphaëlle Branche (born July 14, 1972) is a French historian, professor of modern history at Paris Nanterre University. She is an expert on torture in the Algerian War, and more broadly on colonial violence and colonial wars. She is a professor of contemporary history in the University of Paris and has been since the 2019 academic year.
Attraction to transgender people
Attraction to transgender people has been the subject of scientific study and social commentary. Psychologists have researched sexual attraction toward trans women, trans men, cross dressers, non-binary people, and a combination of these. Publications in the field of transgender studies have investigated the attraction transgender individuals can feel for each other. The people who feel this attraction to transgender people name their attraction in different ways.

Cisgender men attracted to transgender women primarily have a sexual identity that is heterosexual if they are exclusively gynephilic (meaning "attraction to women and/or femininity"). Others may instead have a bisexual or pansexual identity, or may regard their attraction as a distinct sexual orientation. Transgender individuals often call their attraction to other transgender people T4T and may sometimes consider it a sexual identity and/or a form of political identity.

Cross-dressing
Cross-dressing is the act of wearing clothes traditionally or stereotypically associated with a different gender. From as early as pre-modern history people have cross-dressed in order to disguise, comfort, entertain, and express themselves.

Socialization establishes social norms among the people of a particular society. With regard to the social aspects of clothing, such standards may reflect guidelines relating to the style, color, or type of clothing that individuals are expected to wear. Such expectations may be delineated according to gender roles. Cross-dressing involves dressing contrary to the prevailing standards (or in some cases, laws) for a person of their gender in their own society.
Homewood Campus of Johns Hopkins University
The Homewood Campus is the main academic and administrative center of the Johns Hopkins University. It is located at 3400 North Charles Street in Baltimore, Maryland. It houses the two major undergraduate schools: the Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts and Sciences and the Whiting School of Engineering.

Evergreen Museum & Library
Evergreen Museum & Library is a historic house museum and research library in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. It is located between the campuses of the Notre Dame of Maryland University and Loyola University Maryland. It is operated by Johns Hopkins University along with Homewood Museum; both make up the Johns Hopkins University Museums.
2005–06 FIS Freestyle Skiing World Cup
The 2005/06 FIS Freestyle Skiing World Cup was the twenty seventh World Cup season in freestyle skiing organised by International Ski Federation. The season started on 3 September 2005 and ended on 19 March 2006. This season included four disciplines: aerials, moguls, ski cross and halfpipe.

There were no dual mogul events on world cup calendar this season.

FIS Freestyle Ski World Cup
The FIS Freestyle Ski World Cup is an annual freestyle skiing competition arranged by the International Ski Federation since 1980. Currently six disciplines are included in world cup: moguls, aerials, ski cross, halfpipe, slopestyle and big air. In the 1980s and 1990s there were also ski ballet and combined, which no longer exist.

Races are hosted primarily at ski resorts in North America, the Alps in Europe, with regular stops in Scandinavia, east Asia, but a few races have also been held in the Southern Hemisphere. World Cup competitions have been hosted in 22 countries around the world: Australia, Austria, Belarus, Canada, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Japan,  New Zealand, Norway, Russia, Slovenia, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine and the United States. (note that all world cup races hosted at ski resort in Ukraine was still part of Soviet Union respectively.)
Jhagad Singh Negi
Jhagad Singh Negi was the last known ruler of Koligarh (also spelled Koligad or Koligadh) in the Garhwal region of present‑day Uttarakhand, India. Koligarh was one of the traditional fifty‑two forts of Garhwal.

Garhwal kingdom
Kingdom of Garhwal ( गढ़वाल राज्य ) was also known as Tehri Garhwal, was  a princely state under British paramountcy in the current north-western Himalayan state of Uttarakhand, India, founded in 823 CE by Kanak Pal  the progenitor of the Panwar dynasty that ruled over the kingdom uninterrupted until 1803 CE.

The princely state was divided into two parts during the British Raj, namely: the princely state of Garhwal and the Garhwal District of British India. The princely state of Garhwal consisted of the present day Tehri Garhwal district and most of the Uttarkashi district. This former state acceded to the Union of India in August 1949 CE.
Mirza Hasan Ali Nasir ol-Molk
Mirza Hasan Ali (Persian: میرزا حسن علی قوام; 1835 – October 1893) also known by his title Nasir ol-Molk was an aristocrat from the Qavam family who patronaged the Nasir-ol-Molk Mosque.

Hassan Ali was the youngest son of Ali Akbar Qavam ol-Molk, kalantar (lord mayor) of Shiraz. He travelled across Iran for most of his life and as such was unaware of and missed the death and funeral of his father. Upon his return to Shiraz in 1869, he made an oath to build a tomb suitable for his father. Subsequently, he began to gather money with the assistance of her sister, Zinat ol-Moluk, and from 1876 to 1888 constructed the Nasir-ol-Molk Mosque.

Qavam family
The Ghavam (Qavam) family (Persian: خاندان قوام شیرازی) was an Iranian aristocratic family during the Qajar era (1785–1925). They were descendants of Hajji Ebrahim Shirazi, kalantar of Shiraz. British secret documents and Naser al-Din Shah Qajar believed that the family was Jewish. Due to the family's wealth and political power, it was often said that in Shiraz "before Reza Shah, Qavams were Shah here". The surname Ghavam is borrowed from the honorific title Ghavam-al-saltaneh, granted by the Qajar court, and meaning pillar or continuation of the Kingdom.
USS White Marsh
USS White Marsh (LSD-8) was an Ashland-class dock landing ship of the United States Navy, named in honor of White Marsh, Virginia, the birthplace of Walter Reed (1851–1902).

White Marsh was laid down on 7 April 1943 at Oakland, California, by the Moore Dry Dock Company; launched on 19 July 1943, sponsored by Mrs. William C. Wise, the wife of Col. Wise, USMC; and commissioned on 29 January 1944.

Ashland-class dock landing ship
The  Ashland-class dock landing ship were the first class of dock landing ship of the United States Navy. They were built during World War II. A dock landing ship (hull classification LSD) is a form of auxiliary warship designed to support amphibious operations. Eight ships were built for the United States Navy and they remained in US service until the 1960s. Two of the class were sold for export overseas, with one joining the Republic of China Navy and the other the Argentinian Navy. The two transferred ships stayed in service until the 1980s. All eight ships were scrapped.
Leleuvia
Leleuvia (pronounced [leleuˈβia]) is a coral cay in Fiji's Lomaiviti archipelago. The 68,000 square metres (731,946 sq ft) islet is the site of the Leleuvia Island Resort, previously operated by the Chinese-Fijian businessman Emosi Yee Show. Only in early 2006 has the island been leased by a company called Saluwaki Limited with the intention to refurbish the island resort. Leleuvia Island is popular among beachcombers and kite surfers. There is snorkelling directly off the beach.

Lomaiviti Islands
The Lomaiviti (pronounced [lomaiˈβitʃi]) archipelago of Fiji consists of seven main islands and a number of smaller ones.  They cover a total area of 411 square kilometres (159 sq mi), and had a population of 15,657 at the most recent census in 2017. The largest town, with a population of 1,131 in 2007, is Levuka, which was Fiji's first modern town and served as the capital from 1871 to 1877.
Cartographic generalization
Cartographic generalization, or map generalization, includes all changes in a map that are made when one derives a smaller-scale map from a larger-scale map or map data. It is a core part of cartographic design. Whether done manually by a cartographer or by a computer or set of algorithms, generalization seeks to abstract spatial information at a high level of detail to information that can be rendered on a map at a lower level of detail.

The cartographer has license to adjust the content within their maps to create a suitable and useful map that conveys spatial information, while striking the right balance between the map's purpose and the precise detail of the subject being mapped. Well generalized maps are those that emphasize the most important map elements while still representing the world in the most faithful and recognizable way.

Field (geography)
In the context of spatial analysis, geographic information systems, and geographic information science, a field is a property that fills space, and varies over space, such as temperature or density. This use of the term has been adopted from physics and mathematics, due to their similarity to physical fields (vector or scalar) such as the electromagnetic field or gravitational field. Synonymous terms include  spatially dependent variable (geostatistics), statistical surface ( thematic mapping), and intensive property (physics and chemistry) and crossbreeding between these disciplines is common.  The simplest formal model for a field is the function, which yields a single value given a point in space (i.e., t = f(x, y, z) )
Hub District
Hub District (Balochi, Lasi, Urdu: ضِلع حَب) is a coastal administrative district located in the southern part of Balochistan Province of Pakistan. The district was created after bifurcation of Lasbela District in 2022.

Hub district is bordered by Arabian sea to the south, Lasbela district to the west, Karachi division to the southeast, Dadu district to the northeast, Jamshoro district to the east, and Khuzdar to the north and northwest.

Its Provincial Assembly seat is PB-21 and National Assembly seat is NA-257 shared with the districts Awaran and Lasbela.

Sardar Muhammad Saleh Bhootani confirmed that the creation of Hub District is a long-standing demand of his people of PB-49 constituency and he thanked chief minister of Balochistan Abdul Quddus Bizenjo for approving the creation of this district.

Khuzdar District
Khuzdar (Balochi: هزدارء‍ِ دمگ‎; Urdu and Brahui: ضلع خضدار) is a district in the Balochistan province of Pakistan. The city of Khuzdar serves as the district's headquarters.

Until its establishment as a district in  1974 it was part of Kalat District. In November 1992 part of the territory of Khuzdar was split off to form the new district of Awaran.
Governorate of Mato Grosso do Sul
The Governorate of Mato Grosso do Sul is the state governor's workplace and seat of government. Located in Parque dos Poderes, the building also houses the headquarters of the Secretary of State for Government and Strategic Management and the Undersecretary of Communication.

Designed by the architect Élvio Garabini, who also designed most of the buildings in Parque dos Poderes, it was inaugurated in 1983, with the entire complex of public bodies. The Governorate houses only the governor's office, which has its own house.

Government of Mato Grosso do Sul
The government of Mato Grosso do Sul is led by the Governor of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, and is elected by the local population through popular suffrage and direct secret ballot for a four-year term. The current governor is Eduardo Riedel. Its seat is the governorate of Mato Grosso do Sul, which has been the seat of the government of Mato Grosso do Sul since 1983.

The governor has no residence and lives in his own house. Like the Republic, Mato Grosso do Sul is governed by three powers, the executive is represented by the governor, the legislature is represented by the Legislative Assembly of Mato Grosso do Sul and the judiciary is represented by the court of Mato Grosso do Sul. Judge of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul.
Dorothea Nicolai
Dorothea Nicolai (born 1962) is a German costume designer, stage designer, author and curator. From 2000 to 2007 and from 2012 to 2015 she worked as director for costumes, make-up and wigs of the Salzburg Festival. In 2017/18 she was responsible for the costumes at the Bayreuth Festival.

Herbert Wernicke
Herbert Wernicke (24 March 1946 – 16 April 2002) was a German opera director and a set and costume designer. He was born in Auggen, Baden-Württemberg. He studied piano, flute, and directing at the conservatory in Braunschweig and set design at the academy in Munich. After starting out as set and costume designer in Landshut and Wuppertal, and directing his first play in Darmstadt, he directed his first opera, Handel's Belshazzar, in 1978 in Darmstadt. The majority of Wernicke's artistic work was at the theater in Basel, where he lived since 1990.

On 16 April 2002 Wernicke died unexpectedly at age 56 after a short, serious illness in the hospital in Basel. On 5 May 2002 Theater Basel premiered Israel in Egypt in the fragmentary form left by Wernicke at his death. He was buried in a cemetery in Auggen, his birth city.
Ornette at 12
Ornette at 12 is an album by the American jazz saxophonist and composer Ornette Coleman released on the Impulse! label in 1969.

In 2017, Real Gone Music reissued Ornette at 12 on CD as part of a compilation that also included Crisis.

Impulse! Records
Impulse! Records (occasionally styled as "¡mpulse! Records" and "¡!") is an American jazz record label established by Creed Taylor in 1960. John Coltrane was among Impulse!'s earliest signings. Thanks to consistent sales and positive critiques of his recordings, the label came to be known as "the house that Trane built".
Flagstaff Hill (Alaska)
Flagstaff Hill is a hill on Unga Island, Alaska, United States.  Its name comes from the fact that there was a flagpole on the hill. The name may also be connected to the nearby Flagstaff Mine.

Flagstaff Hill is on the northern side of the entrance to the island's Delarof Bay.  The hill, near the settlement of Unga, had an elevation of up to 80 feet (24 m) in 1916, when the United States Coast Pilot published it in a summary of coastal features.

The United States Coast and Geodetic Survey first published information on Flagstaff Hill in 1916.  The name was entered into the U.S. National Geodetic Survey's Geographic Names Information System on March 31, 1981.

Unga, Alaska
55°11′03″N 160°30′18″W﻿ / ﻿55.18417°N 160.50500°W﻿ / 55.18417; -160.50500
Unga (Unangam tunuu: Uĝnaasaqax̂) is a ghost town on Unga Island in the Aleutians East Borough of the U.S. state of Alaska, about two miles west of Sand Point.  The island's length is 15 miles (24 km).  Unga's altitude is 59 feet (18 m).
Symphony No. 88 (Haydn)
Symphony No. 88 in G major (Hoboken I/88) was written by Joseph Haydn, for the orchestra of Esterháza under Prince Nikolaus Esterhazy. It is notably the first of his symphonies written after the completion of the six Paris Symphonies in 1786.

The symphony was completed in 1787, just like his 89th symphony. It is one of Haydn's best-known works, even though it is not one of the Paris or London Symphonies and does not have a descriptive nickname. It is sometimes referred to as The Letter V referring to an older method of cataloging Haydn's symphonic output.

G major
G major is a major scale based on G, with the pitches G, A, B, C, D, E, and F♯. Its key signature has one sharp.  Its relative minor is E minor and its parallel minor is G minor.

The G major scale is:

Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The G harmonic major and melodic major scales are: