hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Culture of Estonia
The culture of Estonia combines an indigenous heritage, represented by the country's Finnic national language Estonian, with Nordic and German cultural aspects. Over the centuries, the culture of modern Estonia has been significantly influenced by that of the Germanic-speaking world. Due to its history and geography, Estonia's culture has also been influenced by the traditions of the Baltic Germans and Scandinavians as well as the neighbouring Baltic, Slavic, and Finnic peoples.

Lydia Koidula
Lydia Emilie Florentine Jannsen (24 December [O.S. 12 December] 1843 – 11 August [O.S. 30 July] 1886), known by her pen name Koidula, was an Estonian poet. Her sobriquet means '(Lydia of) The Dawn' in Estonian. It was given to her by the writer Carl Robert Jakobson. She is also frequently referred to as Koidulaulik – 'Singer of the Dawn'.

In Estonia, like elsewhere in Europe, writing was not considered a suitable career for a respectable young lady in the mid-19th century. Koidula's poetry and her newspaper work for her populist father, Johann Voldemar Jannsen (1819–1890) remained anonymous. In spite of this, she was a major literary figure, the founder of Estonian theatre, and closely allied to Carl Robert Jakobson (1841–1882), the influential radical and Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald (1803–1882), writer of the Estonian national epic, Kalevipoeg (The Son of Kalev). Over time, she has achieved the status of the national poet of Estonia.
Joseph Stanton Jr.
Joseph Stanton Jr. (July 19, 1739 – December 15, 1821) was a military officer, a United States senator of the Anti-Federalist faction and a United States Representative of the Democratic-Republican party.

Charlestown, Rhode Island
Charlestown, nicknamed C-Town by locals, is a town on the southern coastline of Washington County, Rhode Island, United States. Charlestown is bordered by Westerly to the west, Richmond to the north divided by the Pawcatuck River, and South Kingstown to the east, with the Block Island Sound to the south. Charlestown, similarly to Westerly, Rhode Island, is a tourist destination during the months of May through October for destinations such as the Charlestown Breachway, East Beach, and more.
Fujiko Shiraga
Fujiko Shiraga (白髪富士子 Shiraga Fujiko, born Uemura Fujiko, 1928–2015) was a Japanese avant-garde artist and one of the earliest female members of the Gutai Art Association. Active as an artist between the early 1950s and 1961, Shiraga was known for creating highly tactile artworks by pasting and creasing sheets of torn Japanese paper. Since last decade, Shiraga's works have received growing art-historical attention. Her paper works, paintings, and installations were featured in major Western exhibitions on Gutai art and two posthumous retrospectives.

Atsuko Tanaka (artist)
Atsuko Tanaka (田中 敦子, Tanaka Atsuko; February 10, 1932 – December 3, 2005) was a Japanese avant-garde artist. She was a central figure of the Gutai Art Association from 1955 to 1965. Her works have found increased curatorial and scholarly attention across the globe since the early 2000s, when she received her first museum retrospective in Ashiya, Japan, which was followed by the first retrospective abroad, in New York and Vancouver. Her work was featured in multiple exhibitions on Gutai art in Europe and North America.
2023 Olbia Challenger
The 2023 Olbia Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on hardcourts. It was the first edition of the tournament which was part of the 2023 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Olbia, Italy between 16 and 22 October 2023.

2023 ATP Challenger Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour in 2023 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2023 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 196 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $40,000 up to $220,000. It was the 46th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle and 15th under the name of Challenger Tour.
1976 Virginia Slims of Sarasota
The 1976 Virginia Slims of Sarasota  was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Robarts Sports Arena in Sarasota, Florida that was part of the 1976 Virginia Slims World Championship Series. It was the fourth edition of the tournament and was held from February 23 through February 29, 1976. Second-seeded Chris Evert won the singles title and earned $15,000 first-prize money.

1976 WTA Tour
The 1976 WTA Tour consisted of a number of tennis tournaments for female tennis players. It was composed of the newly streamlined version of the Virginia Slims Circuit, was now an 11-week tour of the United States, and the Woman's International Grand Prix. The 1976 tour was the first full season using the official ranking system and these rankings were used to determine acceptance into the tournaments.
Mahmud Shah of Bengal
Nāṣiruddīn Maḥmūd Shāh (Bengali: নাসিরউদ্দীন মাহমুদ শাহ, Persian: ناصرالدین محمود شاه; r. 1436–1459) was the first Sultan of Bengal belonging to the restored Ilyas Shahi dynasty. Formerly a farmer, he was selected as the next ruler of Bengal by the erstwhile nobility in 1436, and ruled the country for over twenty years. During his peaceful reign, Bengal saw significant architectural development.

Firishta
Firishta or Ferešte (Persian: فرشته), full name Muhammad Qasim Hindu Shah Astarabadi (Persian: محمدقاسم هندوشاہ استرابادی), was a Persian historian, who later settled in India and served the Deccan Sultans as their court historian. He was born in 1570 and died between 1611 and 1623.
Holland Track
The Holland Track, also known as the John Holland Way, is a bush track between Broomehill and Coolgardie in Western Australia.

With a total length of around 700 kilometres (435 mi), the track passes through parts of the Great Southern, Wheatbelt and Goldfields regions including the biologically diverse Great Western Woodlands, which is the largest intact area of Mediterranean climate woodland left in the world.

The track was pioneered by John Holland in 1893 as a short cut through to the Goldfields.

Goldfields–Esperance
31°S 123°E﻿ / ﻿31°S 123°E﻿ / -31; 123

The Goldfields–Esperance region is one of the nine regions of Western Australia. It is located in the south-eastern corner of Western Australia, and comprises the local government areas of Coolgardie, Dundas, Esperance, Kalgoorlie–Boulder, Laverton, Leonora, Menzies, Ngaanyatjarraku, Ravensthorpe and Wiluna.

It also incorporates the area along the Great Australian Bight to the South Australian border known as the Nullarbor Plain.
Keyword-driven testing
Keyword-driven testing, also known as action word based testing (not to be confused with action driven testing), is a software testing methodology suitable for both manual and automated testing. This method separates the documentation of test cases – including both the data and functionality to use – from the prescription of the way the test cases are executed. As a result, it separates the test creation process into two distinct stages: a design and development stage, and an execution stage. The design substage covers the requirement analysis and assessment and the data analysis, definition, and population.

Test case (software)
In software engineering, a test case is a specification of the inputs, execution conditions, testing procedure, and expected results that define a single test to be executed to achieve a particular software testing objective, such as to exercise a particular program path or to verify compliance with a specific requirement. Test cases underlie testing that is methodical rather than haphazard. A battery of test cases can be built to produce the desired coverage of the software being tested. Formally defined test cases allow the same tests to be run repeatedly against successive versions of the software, allowing for effective and consistent regression testing.
Megagroove
A megagroove is a large scale (kilometres) linear channel eroded through bedrock by the passage of ice, possibly by plucking of the rock at the sides of the channel by the moving ice. They occur in areas of stratified bedrock which are largely free of till, having been identified in the Assynt area of Northwest Scotland, from Michigan and from Ungava and the North West Territories in Canada.

Till
Till, or glacial till, is unsorted glacial sediment.

Till is derived from the erosion and entrainment of material by the moving ice of a glacier. It is deposited some distance down-ice to form terminal, lateral, medial and ground moraines.

Till is classified into primary deposits, laid down directly by glaciers, and secondary deposits, reworked by fluvial transport and other processes.
Herta Weissig
Herta Weissig is a retired German rower who won three medals in the quad sculls at the European championships of 1957–1960, two of them with Gisela Heisse. After retiring from competitions she worked as a rowing coach under the name Herta Weissig-Manger, coaching Angelika Noack, Sabine Dähne, Ute Steindorf, Marita Sandig, Renate Neu, Cornelia Klier, Gerlinde Doberschütz, Silvia Fröhlich, Ramona Kapheim, Ute Stange and Kirsten Wenzel among others.

Silvia Fröhlich
Silvia Fröhlich (née Arndt, born 24 February 1959) is a German rower who won a gold medal in the coxed fours at the 1980 Summer Olympics. She also won two gold and three silver medals at the world championships of 1978–1983, most of them with Marita Sandig. After retiring from competitions, she worked as a dentist.

She competed at the 1978 World Championships under her maiden name and competed under her married name a year later in Bled.
Dennis Condrey
Dennis Condrey (born February 1, 1952) is an American retired professional wrestler. He is best known for his appearances with the Continental Wrestling Association, Jim Crockett Promotions and World Championship Wrestling in the 1970s and 1980s.

Continental Championship Wrestling
Continental Championship Wrestling was a professional wrestling promotion based in Knoxville, Tennessee, and Dothan, Alabama, from 1985 until 1989, owned by Ron Fuller. The promotion evolved out of the NWA-affiliated Southeastern Championship Wrestling and Gulf Coast Championship Wrestling territories owned by Fuller, who purchased the Knoxville territory from John Cazana in 1974 and the Alabama/Florida territory in 1977. When Fuller sold the promotion to David Woods in 1988, the name was changed to Continental Wrestling Federation.
B. Rachaiah
Basavaiah Rachaiah (10 August 1922 – 14 February 2000) was an Indian politician. He was a member of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly from Santhemarahalli and a member of the Rajya Sabha from Karnataka. He was elected to the Lok Sabha from Chamarajanagar Karnataka in 1977. He was the governor of Kerala and Himachal Pradesh and a Dalit leader, a member of the Karnataka state cabinets headed by S. Nijalingappa, B. D. Jatti, Devraj Urs, Veerendra Patil, Ramakrishna Hegde and S. R. Bommai.

Rachaiah was born in 1922 in Chamarajnagar and was an advocate by profession. One of his sons in Law, B. B. Ningaiah, was a minister in the government headed by J. H. Patel. Rachaiah died in 2000 aged 77.

S. R. Bommai
Somappa Rayappa Bommai (6 June 1924 – 10 October 2007) was an Indian Politician who was the 4thChief Minister of Karnataka. He was also the Human Resource Development Minister in the United Front government from 1996 to 1998. He is widely remembered as the champion for the landmark judgment of the Supreme Court of India, S. R. Bommai v. Union of India.

His son Basavaraj Bommai became the Chief Minister of Karnataka in 2021 making them only the second father and son duo after H. D. Devegowda and H. D. Kumaraswamy to become the Chief Ministers of Karnataka.
StarTram
StarTram is a proposed space launch system propelled by maglev technology. The initial Generation 1 facility is proposed to launch cargo only from a mountain peak at an altitude of 3 to 7 kilometres (9,800 to 23,000 ft) using an evacuated tube remaining at local surface level. Annual orbital lift was estimated at approximately 150,000 tons. More advanced technology is required for a Generation 2 system for passengers, with a longer track instead gradually curving up at its end to the thinner air at 22 kilometres (72,000 ft) altitude, supported by magnetic levitation, reducing g-forces when each capsule transitions from the vacuum tube to the atmosphere. A SPESIF 2010 presentation stated that Generation 1 could be completed by the year 2020 or later if funding began in 2010, and Generation 2 by 2030 or later.

Joule
The joule (/dʒuːl/ JOOL, or /dʒaʊl/ JOWL; symbol: J) is the unit of energy in the International System of Units (SI). In terms of SI base units, one joule corresponds to one kilogram-metre squared per second squared (1 J = 1 kg⋅m2⋅s−2). One joule is equal to the amount of work done when a force of one newton displaces a body through a distance of one metre in the direction of that force. It is also the energy dissipated as heat when an electric current of one ampere passes through a resistance of one ohm for one second. It is named after the English physicist James Prescott Joule (1818–1889).
2017 Wellington Sevens
The 2017 Wellington Sevens was the eighteenth edition of the Wellington Sevens tournament, and the third tournament of the 2016–17 World Rugby Sevens Series. The tournament was played on 28–29 January 2017 at Westpac Stadium in Wellington, New Zealand.

2016–17 World Rugby Sevens Series
The 2016–17 World Rugby Sevens Series, known for sponsorship reasons as the HSBC World Rugby Sevens Series, was the 18th annual series of rugby sevens tournaments for national rugby sevens teams. The Sevens Series has been run by World Rugby since 1999–2000. South Africa won the Series with a comfortable 28-point margin over England; South Africa won five of the ten tournaments.

The 2016–17 Series also served as a qualifying tournament for the 2018 Rugby World Cup Sevens. Nine of the core teams had already qualified but the four highest-placed finishers from among the remaining six core teams also gained qualification for the 2018 RWC Sevens.
Dressing by body type in women
Dressing by body type is the act of wearing clothing that accentuates and fits one’s body type or shape in order to look their best. Women’s bodies have been classified and labeled by different researchers, and some have used methods to identify how to dress based on these classifications.

Hourglass figure
The hourglass figure is one of the four traditional female body shapes described by the fashion industry; the other shapes are the rectangle, inverted triangle, and spoon (or pear). The hourglass shape is defined by a woman's body measurements – the circumference of the bust, waist and hips. Hourglass body shapes have a wide bust, a narrow waist, and wide hips with a similar measurement to that of the bust. This body shape is named for its resemblance to that of an hourglass, where the upper and lower half are wide and roughly equal while the middle is narrow in circumference, making the overall shape wide-narrow-wide.

Women who exhibit the hourglass figure have been shown to be more admired, which can put pressure on women whose body shapes are noticeably different to strive to achieve the hourglass figure. This can lead to body dissatisfaction which can cause eating disorders in (often young) women from all over the globe.
Al-Sindiyana
Al-Sindiyana (Arabic: السنديانة, Es Sindiyâna) was a Palestinian Arab village in the Haifa Subdistrict. It was depopulated during the 1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine on May 12, 1948. It was located 29 km south of Haifa.

Haifa Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine
The Haifa Subdistrict (Arabic: قضاء حيفا; Hebrew: נפת חיפה) was one of the subdistricts of Mandatory Palestine. It covered the northern Mediterranean coast of regional Palestine, southwestern Galilee, and the Wadi Ara region. It was disintegrated after the British withdrawal from the area. Prior to and during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War around half of the Arab localities were depopulated or destroyed. The entire district was captured by Israel and most of its Arab defenders were composed of the Arab Liberation Army and local militias.

Its predecessor was Haifa Subdistrict, Ottoman Empire.

The subdistrict was transformed into Haifa District, divided into Haifa Subdistrict and Hadera Subdistrict under Israel.
Barend Hartman van Groningen
Barend Hartman van Groningen (before 1745 - 24 November 1806) was a Dutch Mennonite teacher and minister.

Barend served first in Haarlem at the Vlaamse Blok from 1761-1784, and later at the Doopsgezinde kerk, Haarlem from 1784-1806. During his service the congregations of the Haarlem Mennonite community were united (the largest were Vlaamse Blok and Waterlanders) in 1784 and the sermon on this occasion based on John 15:14 was given by his colleague Klaas van der Horst.

He was friends with Pieter Teyler van der Hulst and was named in his will as a member of the Teylers First Society, a position which he filled from 1778 until he died in 1806.

Songbook published in 1804 with 74 lyrics by Aagje Deken and forward signed by Hartman van Groningen

Pieter Teyler van der Hulst
Pieter Teyler van der Hulst (25 March 1702 – 8 April 1778) was a wealthy Dutch Mennonite merchant and banker, who died childless, leaving a legacy of two million florins (in today's terms: about EUR 80 million) to the pursuit of religion, arts and science in his hometown, that led to the formation of Teyler's Museum. This was not the value of his entire estate. He also founded Teylers Hofje in his name, and made important donations to individuals in the Mennonite community.
Marie Stewart, Countess of Mar
Marie Stewart, Countess of Mar (1576–1644) was a Scottish courtier. She was the daughter of Esmé Stewart, 1st Duke of Lennox and Catherine de Balsac d’Entragues (d. c.1631) and a favourite of James VI of Scotland. After her marriage, as was customary in Scotland, she did not change her name, and signed her letters as "Marie Stewart".

Marquess of Huntly
Marquess of Huntly is a title in the Peerage of Scotland that was created on 17 April 1599 for George Gordon, 6th Earl of Huntly. It is the oldest existing marquessate in Scotland, and the second-oldest in the British Isles; only the English marquessate of Winchester is older. The Marquess holds the following subsidiary titles: Lord Gordon of Strathaven and Glenlivet and Earl of Aboyne (1660; Peerage of Scotland), and Baron Meldrum, of Morven in the County of Aberdeen (1815; Peerage of the United Kingdom).
Dominique Janssen
Dominique Johanna Anna Petrone Janssen (Dutch: [doːmiˈnik joːˈɦɑnaː ˈʔɑnaː ˈjɑnsə(n)]; formerly Bloodworth; born 17 January 1995) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as a defender or defensive midfielder for Women's Super League club Manchester United and captains the Netherlands national team.

UEFA Women's Euro 2017
The 2017 UEFA European Women's Championship, commonly referred to as UEFA Women's Euro 2017, was the 12th edition of the UEFA Women's Championship, the quadrennial international football championship organised by UEFA for the women's national teams of Europe. The competition was expanded to 16 teams (from 12 teams in the previous edition).

The Netherlands was chosen to host the tournament by the UEFA Executive Committee on 4 December 2014.

Germany's 22-year reign as champions of Europe was ended after losing 1–2 to Denmark in the quarter-finals. It was only Germany's second loss in the tournament since 1993. Another former winner, Norway, lost to both finalists, the Netherlands and Denmark, and ended without any goals or points.

The Netherlands won their first ever title since the men's UEFA Euro 1988 by beating fellow first time finalists Denmark 4–2 in the final.

Austria, Belgium, Portugal, Scotland and Switzerland made their debuts at the tournament.
1915 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship final
The 1915 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship final was the 28th All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1915 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, an inter-county Gaelic football tournament for the top teams in Ireland.

Captain (Gaelic games)
A captain of a Gaelic games team, sometimes known as a skipper, is a player who, during the course of a match as well as before and after it, has several additional roles and responsibilities over and above those of his teammates.

Tradition means that some teams rotate the captaincy annually, though others may adopt a permanent captain. As well as being an onfield leader, a captain takes the coin toss and raises the trophy when this is the game's prize.
Olof Trätälja
Olof Trätälja (Old Norse: Óláfr trételgja, Swedish: Olof Trätälja, Norwegian: Olav Tretelgja, all meaning Olaf Woodwhittler) was the son of the Swedish king Ingjald illråde, ruler of the House of Yngling in the 7th century according to Ynglingatal, a Skaldic poem detailing the kings of that house.

Domalde
Domalde, Dómaldi or Dómaldr (Old Norse possibly "Power to Judge") was a legendary Swedish king of the House of Ynglings, cursed by his stepmother, according to Snorri Sturluson, with ósgæssa, "ill-luck". He was the son of Visbur.
Rogers–Ramanujan continued fraction
The Rogers–Ramanujan continued fraction  is a continued fraction discovered by   Rogers (1894) and independently by Srinivasa Ramanujan, and closely related to the Rogers–Ramanujan identities. It can be evaluated explicitly for a broad class of values of its argument.

Quintic function
In mathematics, a quintic function is a function of the form

where a, b, c, d, e and f are members of a field, typically the rational numbers, the real numbers or the complex numbers, and a is nonzero. In other words, a quintic function is defined by a polynomial of degree five.

Because they have an odd degree, normal quintic functions appear similar to normal cubic functions when graphed, except they may possess one additional local maximum and one additional local minimum. The derivative of a quintic function is a quartic function.

Setting g(x) = 0 and assuming a ≠ 0 produces a quintic equation of the form:

Solving quintic equations in terms of radicals (nth roots) was a major problem in algebra from the 16th century, when cubic and quartic equations were solved, until the first half of the 19th century, when the impossibility of such a general solution was proved with the Abel–Ruffini theorem.
Malika Jeffries-EL
Malika Jeffries-EL is an American chemist and Senior associate dean of the Graduate School of Arts & Sciences at Boston University studying organic semiconductors. Specifically, her research focuses on developing organic semiconductors that take advantage of the processing power of polymers and the electronic properties of semiconductors to create innovative electronic devices.  She was elected as a Fellow of the American Chemical Society in 2018.

National Organization for the Professional Advancement of Black Chemists and Chemical Engineers
The National Organization for the Professional Advancement of Black Chemists and Chemical Engineers or NOBCChE (pronounced No-be-shay) is a nonprofit, professional organization. NOBCChE's goal is to increase the number of minorities in science, technology, and engineering fields. The organization accomplishes this by creating bonds with professionals working at science-related companies and faculty at local school districts in order to get more minorities to pursue a career in science and engineering fields. NOBCChE focuses on establishing diversity programs for the professional development of young kids and to spread knowledge in science and engineering. NOBCChE chapters can be found nationwide.