hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Elk Rapids Schools
Elk Rapids Schools is a public school district in Northern Michigan. In Antrim County, it serves Elk Rapids, Elk Rapids Township, Milton Township, and part of Torch Lake Township. In Kalkaska County, it serves parts of Clearwater Township. In Grand Traverse County, it serves parts of the townships of Acme and Whitewater. It is part of the intermediate school district Northwest Education Services.

Intermediate school district
An intermediate school district, in the United States, is a term used by some states to classify a special agency that operates outside the traditional charter of a school district.  The specific role of these agencies varies by state.
Action of 18 October 1782
The action of 18 October 1782 was a minor naval engagement of the American Revolutionary War, in which the French 74-gun ship of the line Scipion, accompanied by the 40-gun frigate Sibylle, was chased by two Royal Navy ships of the line, the 98-gun HMS London and the 74-gun Torbay. Outmanoeuvring her larger opponents, Scipion obtained a favourable position that allowed her to rake London, causing severe damage and allowing her to continue running from the superior British force. Scipion went to anchor in Samaná Bay but while doing so hit a rock and sank, while Sibylle succeeded in escaping the area.

Port and starboard
Port and starboard are nautical terms for watercraft and spacecraft, referring respectively to the left and right sides of the vessel, when aboard and facing the bow (front).

Vessels with bilateral symmetry have left and right halves which are mirror images of each other. One asymmetric feature is where access to a boat, ship, or aircraft is at the side; it is usually only on the port side (hence the name).
Tolosa Park
Tolosa Park is a park in Glenorchy, Tasmania. It contains a dam and water reservoir which was built in the 1890s and used by TasWater until 2017.

Tolosa Park also hosts outdoor concerts, and was the venue for the Tasmanian Symphony Orchestra's Symphony Under the Stars until 2018.

Glenorchy, Tasmania
Glenorchy is a suburb of Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Glenorchy is bound by the River Derwent to the east, Mount Wellington to the west, Hobart City to the south and Brighton to the north. The city officially begins at Creek Road New Town, in Hobart's northern suburbs, and includes, Moonah, Derwent Park, Lutana, Goodwood, Montrose, Rosetta, Berriedale, Chigwell, Claremont and Austins Ferry. It is the seat of the local government area of the same name, the City of Glenorchy.

Glenorchy draws its name from Glen Orchy, Scotland, meaning "Glen of tumbling waters".
It's Not Luck
It's Not Luck (1994) is a business novel and a sequel to The Goal. Set several years after, the plot continues to follow the advancement of the main character, Alex Rogo, through the corporate ranks of large manufacturer, UniCo.

Author Eliyahu M. Goldratt, a business consultant known for his theory of constraints (TOC), continues to teach the reader his thinking processes through the eyes of Alex Rogo as he learns from his mentor, Jonah. In this book, the primary subjects are the resolution of conflict through the evaporating clouds method and the identification of root causes through the effect-cause-effect method.

Evaporating cloud
The evaporating cloud is one of the six thinking processes in the theory of constraints (TOC). The evaporating cloud (EC) – also referred to in the literature as "the cloud", or as a "conflict resolution diagram" – is a logical diagram representing a problem that has no obvious satisfactory solution.
Speolabeo hokhanhi
Speolabeo hokhanhi is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cyprinidae, the family which also includes the carps, barbs, minnows and related fishes. This species is a cavefish that was described in 2018 from Hang Va Cave in Phong Nha – Kẻ Bàng National Park in the Son River basin) in Central Viet Nam.

Cavefish
Cavefish or cave fish is a generic term for fresh and brackish water fish adapted to life in caves and other underground habitats. Related terms are subterranean fish, troglomorphic fish, troglobitic fish, stygobitic fish, phreatic fish, and hypogean fish.

There are more than 200 scientifically described species of obligate cavefish found on all continents, except Antarctica. Although widespread as a group, many species have very small ranges and are threatened.

Cavefish are members of a wide range of families and do not form a monophyletic group. Typical adaptations include reduced eyes and depigmentation.
Grampians (region)
The Grampians is an economic rural region located in the western part of Victoria, Australia. The 48,646-square-kilometre (18,782 sq mi) region lies to the northwest of the western suburbs of Greater Melbourne, to the state's western border with South Australia and includes the Grampians National Park and significant gold mining heritage assets. The Grampians region has two sub-regions: the Central Highlands and Wimmera Southern Mallee.

As at the 2016 Australian census, the Grampians region had a population of 236,739, with almost half of the population located in the City of Ballarat. The principal centres of the region, in descending order of population, are Ballarat, Bacchus Marsh, Horsham, Ararat, and Stawell.

City of Ballarat
The City of Ballarat is a local government area in the west of the state of Victoria, Australia. It covers an area of 739 square kilometres (285 sq mi) and, in June 2023, had a population of 118,137. It is primarily urban with the vast majority of its population living in the Greater Ballarat urban area, while other significant settlements within the LGA include Buninyong, Waubra, Learmonth and Addington.

The city is governed and administered by the Ballarat City Council; its seat of local government and administrative centre is located at the council headquarters in Ballarat, it also has a service centre located in Buninyong. The city is named after the main urban settlement lying in the centre-south of the LGA, Ballarat, which is also the LGA's most populous urban area with a population of 105,471.
2020 CONCACAF U-17 Championship
The 2020 CONCACAF U-17 Championship was originally to be the 7th edition of the CONCACAF U-17 Championship (20th edition if all eras included), the biennial international youth football championship organised by CONCACAF for the under-17 national teams of the North, Central American and Caribbean region. However, on 5 June 2020, CONCACAF announced that the qualifying competition, originally scheduled to be played in 2020, had been postponed indefinitely due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The top four teams of the tournament would have qualified for the 2021 FIFA U-17 World Cup in Peru as the CONCACAF representatives. However, FIFA announced on 17 November 2020 that this edition of the World Cup would be cancelled. Following this announcement, CONCACAF decided on 4 January 2021 that the 2020 CONCACAF U-17 Championship, which served as the regional qualifiers, would be cancelled.

CONCACAF Under-17 World Cup Qualification
The CONCACAF U-17 World Cup qualification is an international association football event in the North America, Central America and the Caribbean region, and is the qualification tournament for the FIFA U-17 World Cup.
BRP Diego Silang (PF-9)
BRP Diego Silang (PF-9) was an Andrés Bonifacio-class frigate of the Philippine Navy in commission from 1976 to 1990. She and her three sister ships were the largest Philippine Navy ships of their time.

USS Bering Strait
USS Bering Strait (AVP-34) was a United States Navy Barnegat-class small seaplane tender in commission from 1944 to 1946. She tended seaplanes during World War II in the Pacific in combat areas and earned three battle stars by war's end.

After her U.S. Navy career ended, the ship served in the United States Coast Guard as the cutter USCGC Bering Strait (WAVP-382), later WHEC-382, from 1948 to 1971, seeing service in the Vietnam War. The Coast Guard decommissioned her at the beginning of 1971, and she was transferred to South Vietnam and served in the Republic of Vietnam Navy as the frigate RVNS Trần Quang Khải (HQ-02) until South Vietnam's collapse at the end of the Vietnam War in April 1975. She fled to the Philippines, where she was incorporated into the Philippine Navy, in which she served from 1980 to 1985 as the frigate BRP Diego Silang (PF-9) and as BRP Diego Silang (PF-14) from 1987 to 1990.
2019 NRL Finals Series
The 2019 NRL Finals Series determined the winner of the 2019 National Rugby League season. The series ran over four weeks in September and October 2019. It culminated with the 2019 NRL Grand Final at Sydney's ANZ Stadium on 6 October 2019, where the Sydney Roosters defeated the Canberra Raiders 14–8.

The top eight teams from the 2019 NRL Season qualified for the finals series, playing under the same format since 2012. The qualifying teams were Melbourne, Sydney, South Sydney, Canberra, Parramatta, Manly Warringah, Cronulla-Sutherland and Brisbane.

2019 NRL Grand Final
The 2019 NRL Grand Final was the conclusive and premiership-deciding game of the 2019 National Rugby League season and was played at Sydney's ANZ Stadium. The match was contested between defending premiers the Sydney Roosters and the Canberra Raiders. The match was won by the Sydney Roosters 14–8 in a tight contest to claim their 15th premiership title, making them the first club in 26 years to win consecutive premierships in a unified competition since the Brisbane Broncos in 1993, and the first Sydney Roosters side to win consecutive titles since 1975. The Clive Churchill Medal was awarded to Raiders five-eighth Jack Wighton as the game's man of the match.

The game is one of the most controversial grand finals, infamous for a reversed "six again" decision by referee Ben Cummins which preceded the winning try.
Carex reznicekii
Carex reznicekii, known as Reznicek's sedge, is a species of Carex native to North America. It is a perennial. Described initially from a New York population, this species was named in 2006 in honor of the botanist Anton Reznicek, a specialist in the genus Carex.

Carex
Carex is a vast genus of over 2,000 species of grass-like plants in the family Cyperaceae, commonly known as sedges (or seg, in older books). Other members of the family Cyperaceae are also called sedges; however, those of genus Carex may be called true sedges. Carex is the most species-rich genus in the family. The study of Carex is known as caricology.
Magor railway station
Magor railway station is a former station serving Magor, Monmouthshire, east of the city of Newport and west of Caldicot. It was opened as a broad gauge line with the South Wales Railway in 1850 and closed to passengers in 1964. The line was quadrupled in 1941.

Severn Tunnel Junction railway station
Severn Tunnel Junction railway station (Welsh: Cyffordd Twnnel Hafren) is a minor station on the western side of the Severn Tunnel in the village of Rogiet, Monmouthshire, Wales. It is 123.5 miles (198.8 km) from London Paddington and lies at the junction of the South Wales Main Line from London and the Gloucester to Newport Line.

The next station to the west is Newport. The next stations to the east are at Pilning in South Gloucestershire (through the Severn Tunnel) and nearby Caldicot (on the Gloucester line).
Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards India
The Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards India is the Indian version of the American awards show set to recognize Indian Film, TV, Music and Sports.
An adaptation of the US version, the Indian edition is licensed and produced by Viacom 18 Media Pvt. Limited.

The event was first held in Mumbai on 14 November 2013.. The Host was Kapil Sharma. The next edition of the event was held on 22 March 2015. The host of the 2015 edition was Manish Paul. Jay Sean, created the KCA jingle which complimented core ideology of empowering kids and having whole lot of fun. The third edition was held on 1 January 2017. The hosts of this edition was Manish Paul and Nihar. The fourth edition was held on 1 January 2018. The hosts of this edition were Rithvik Dhanjani and Bharti Singh.

Maniesh Paul
Maniesh Paul (born 3 August 1981) is an Indian actor, tv host, anchor, model and singer. Starting his career as an RJ and VJ, he moved to acting before taking up stand-up comedy and hosting. Paul is recognized as one of the most prominent television anchors and hosts of his generation, celebrated for his charisma, versatility, and engaging presentation style.
French frigate Chiffonne
Chiffonne was a 38-gun Heureuse-class frigate of the French Navy. She was built at Nantes and launched in 1799. The British Royal Navy captured her in 1801. In 1809 she participated in a campaign against pirates in the Persian Gulf. She was sold for breaking up in 1814.

John Moore (British Army officer)
Lieutenant-General Sir John Moore KB (13 November 1761 – 16 January 1809) was a British Army officer and politician. He is known for his military training reforms and for his death at the Battle of Corunna, in which he fought a French army under Marshal Jean-de-Dieu Soult during the Peninsular War.
1896 Maryland Aggies football team
The 1896 Maryland Aggies football team represented the Maryland Agricultural College (now the University of Maryland) in the 1896 college football season. The team was led by first-year head coach Grenville Lewis and finished with a 6–2–2 record.

Grenville Lewis
Grenville Lewis Jr. (November 12, 1875 – September 27, 1964) was an American college football player and coach, an early professional football player, and an engineer and cattle rancher. He served as the head football coach at Maryland Agricultural College—now known as the University of Maryland, College Park—in 1896, compiling a record of 6–2–2.
Michaela DePrince
Michaela Mabinty DePrince (born Mabinty Bangura; January 6, 1995 – September 10, 2024) was a Sierra Leonean–American ballet dancer who danced with the Boston Ballet, the Dance Theatre of Harlem, and the Dutch National Ballet.

DePrince rose to fame after starring in the documentary First Position in 2011, which followed her and other young ballet dancers as they prepared to compete at the Youth America Grand Prix, where she won a scholarship to the Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis School at American Ballet Theatre. In 2012, DePrince danced with the Dance Theatre of Harlem as the youngest dancer in the history of the company. From 2013 to 2020, she was with the Dutch National Ballet.

With her adoptive mother, Elaine DePrince, she authored the 2014 book Taking Flight: From War Orphan to Star Ballerina (also published as Hope in a Ballet Shoe). From 2016 to 2024, she was a goodwill ambassador with the Amsterdam-based organization War Child. She died aged 29.

Ballet dancer
A ballet dancer is a person who practices the art of classical ballet. Both females and males can practice ballet. They rely on years of extensive training and proper technique to become a part of a professional ballet company. Ballet dancers are at a high risk of injury due to the demanding technique of ballet.
Nicolas Tractomas
Nicolas Tractomas is a heavy-duty built-to-order ballast tractor specifically to tow hydraulic modular trailers and road trains used for movement of oversize loads manufactured by French manufacturer Nicolas Industrie based in Auxerre. The tractor was bespoke build with preferred engine, gearbox, drivetrain and ballast with a Renault Kerax cabin. The production of the tractor began in 1979 and lasted till 2016. The TR1010 D100 model of the tractor was awarded the Guinness World Record in 2015 for the largest road truck in the world, weighing 71 tons.
Nicolas Industrie is a subsidiary of Transporter Industry International (Tii) a Heilbronn based logistics solution company specializes in trailers, spmt, heavy haulers and hydraulic modular trailer. Tii acquired Nicolas Industrie in 1995. Tii has Scheuerle, Kamag, Tiiger with Nicolas under its wing.

Renault Kerax
The Renault Kerax is a medium- and heavy-duty truck manufactured by Renault Trucks, aimed at the construction industry, and is available as a rigid body or tractor configuration. It was launched in 1997, and underwent a full upgrade in 2006. Production of the Kerax ended in 2013, And 2019, when it was replaced by the C and K range  which are powered by Euro VI engines. Military versions, however, are still available.
Kaisis Motor Company
Kaisis Motor Company (KMC) was a vehicle manufacturer in Cyprus, in business between 1973 and the late 1980s. The branding takes after the name of the founder, Andreas Kaisis, a local entrepreneur. KMC manufactured (in most cases assembled) trucks, buses, and many speciality vehicles such as ambulances, fire engines and airport vehicles (e.g. mobile stair vehicles). The first models were based on British Dennis models.

Dodge 100 "Commando"
The Dodge 100 "Commando" models also known as Dodge Commando 100 Series are 7.5–28 short tons (6.8–25.4 t) trucks built by Dodge in England, primarily in the 1970s and 1980s. A previous Dodge 100, known informally as the "parrot-nose" or "Kew Dodge", was produced in the 1950s at a factory in Kew, London.
Sultan Dumalondong
Sultan Dumalondong, officially the Municipality of Sultan Dumalondong (Maranao: Inged a Sultan Dumalondong; Tagalog: Bayan ng Sultan Dumalondong), is a municipality in the province of Lanao del Sur, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 12,500 people.

It was created under Muslim Mindanao Autonomy Act No. 36 in 1995. It took 3 barangays and 6 sitios from Butig, 1 barangay and 9 sitios in Lumbatan, 9 barangays and 8 sitios in Lumbayanague.

Butig
Butig, officially the Municipality of Butig (Maranao: Dalm a Butig;  Filipino: Bayan ng Butig),  is a municipality in the province of Lanao del Sur, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 22,768 people.

This ancient and royal town of the Maranaos became a municipality under Executive Order No. 21 issued on June 25, 1963, during the term of President Diosdado Macapagal.
Samuel F. Tappan
Samuel Forster Tappan (June 29, 1831 – January 6, 1913) was an American journalist, military officer, abolitionist and a Native American rights activist. Appointed as a member of the Indian Peace Commission in 1867 to reach peace with the Plains Indians, he advocated self-determination for native tribes. He proposed the federal government replace military jurisdiction over tribal matters with a form of civil law on reservations, applied by the tribes themselves.

Fort Lyon
Fort Lyon was composed of two 19th-century military fort complexes in southeastern Colorado. The initial fort, also called Fort Wise, operated from 1860 to 1867. After a flood in 1866, a new fort was built near Las Animas, Colorado, which operated as a military post until 1897.

It has been used as a United States Army fort, a sanatorium, a neuropsychiatry facility, and a minimum security prison. The state closed the prison in 2011, and in early 2013 proposed to use the site as a rehabilitation center for homeless people. Then in late 2013 it became a rehabilitative transitional housing facility for homeless people with some form of substance abuse problem. This is run by the Colorado Coalition for the Homeless and has been a developing program to the present day.

The fort is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Part of the site, the Fort Lyon National Cemetery, which began burials in 1907, remains open.
Murghob
Murghob (Tajik: Мурғоб) or Murghab (Russian: Мургаб, Murgab, from the Persian word margh-ab, meaning 'prairie river') is the capital of Murghob District in the Pamir Mountains of Gorno-Badakhshan, Tajikistan. With a population of just under 7,500, Murghob is the only significant town in the eastern half of Gorno-Badakhshan. It is the highest town in Tajikistan (and of the former Soviet Union) at 3,650 meters above sea level. It is where the Pamir Highway crosses the Bartang river.

The Pamir Highway goes north to Sary-Tash and on to Osh in Kyrgyzstan and southwest to the region's capital Khorugh. Another road goes east over the Kulma Pass to the Karakoram Highway in China connecting to Tashkurgan to the south and Kashgar to the north.

Khorog
Khorog (Russian: Хорог [xɐˈrok]), also Khorugh (Tajik: Хоруғ [χɔˈɾuʁ]) or Kharagh (Shughni: Харағ [χɐˈɾaʁ]), is the capital of Gorno-Badakhshan, Tajikistan. It is also the capital of the Shughnon District of Gorno-Badakhshan. It has a population of 30,500 (2020 est.).

Khorog is 2,200 metres (7,200 ft) above sea level in the Pamir Mountains (ancient Mount Imeon) at the confluence of the rivers Ghunt and Panj. The city is bounded to the south (Nivodak) and to the north (Tem) by the deltas of the Shakhdara and Ghunt, respectively. The two rivers merge in the eastern part of the city flow through the city, dividing it almost evenly until its delta in the Panj, on the border with Afghanistan. Khorog is known for its poplar trees that dominate the flora of the city.
William Penn Association
The William Penn Association is an American fraternal benefit society that was created through the merger of a number of Hungarian American fraternal organizations such as the Verhovay Aid Association. Today the organization is open to people of any ethnicity and is licensed to sell insurance in 20 states.

Hungarian Americans
Hungarian Americans (Hungarian: amerikai magyarok, pronounced [ˈɒmɛrikɒji ˈmɒɟɒrok]) are Americans of Hungarian descent. The U.S. Census Bureau has estimated that there are approximately 1.396 million Americans of Hungarian descent as of 2018. The total number of people with ethnic Hungarian background is estimated to be around 4 million. The largest concentration is in the Greater Cleveland Metropolitan Area in Northeast Ohio. At one time, the presence of Hungarians within Cleveland proper was so great that the city was known as the "American Debrecen," with one of the highest concentrations of Hungarians in the world.
Germ theory's key 19th century figures
In the mid to late nineteenth century, scientific patterns emerged which contradicted the widely held miasma theory of disease. These findings led medical science to what we now know as the germ theory of disease. The germ theory of disease proposes that invisible microorganisms (bacteria and viruses) are the cause of particular illnesses in both humans and animals. Prior to medicine becoming hard science, there were many philosophical theories about how disease originated and was transmitted. Though there were a few early thinkers that described the possibility of microorganisms, it was not until the mid to late nineteenth century when several noteworthy figures made discoveries which would provide more efficient practices and tools to prevent and treat illness. The mid-19th century figures set the foundation for change, while the late-19th century figures solidified the theory.

Pasteur Institute
The Pasteur Institute (French: Institut Pasteur, pronounced [ɛ̃stity pastœʁ]) is a French non-profit private foundation dedicated to the study of biology, micro-organisms, diseases, and vaccines. It is named after Louis Pasteur, who invented pasteurization and vaccines for anthrax and rabies. The institute was founded on 4 June 1887 and inaugurated on 14 November 1888.

For over a century, the Institut Pasteur has researched infectious diseases. This worldwide biomedical research organization based in Paris was the first to isolate HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, in 1983. It has also been responsible for discoveries that have enabled medical science to control diseases such as diphtheria, tetanus, tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, influenza, yellow fever, and plague.

Since 1908, ten Institut Pasteur scientists have been awarded the Nobel Prize for medicine and physiology—the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was shared between two Pasteur scientists.