hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Unit disk
In mathematics, the open unit disk (or disc) around P (where P is a given point in the plane), is the set of points whose distance from P is less than 1:

The closed unit disk around P is the set of points whose distance from P is less than or equal to one:

Unit disks are special cases of disks and unit balls; as such, they contain the interior of the unit circle and, in the case of the closed unit disk, the unit circle itself.

Without further specifications, the term unit disk is used for the open unit disk about the origin, , with respect to the standard Euclidean metric. It is the interior of a circle of radius 1, centered at the origin. This set can be identified with the set of all complex numbers of absolute value less than one. When viewed as a subset of the complex plane (C), the open unit disk is often denoted . Unlike the notationally similar circle group , the (open) unit disk is not a multiplicative group.

Circle
A circle is a shape consisting of all points in a plane that are at a given distance from a given point, the centre. The distance between any point of the circle and the centre is called the radius. The length of a line segment connecting two points on the circle and passing through the centre is called the diameter. A circle bounds a region of the plane called a disc.

The circle has been known since before the beginning of recorded history. Natural circles are common, such as the full moon or a slice of round fruit. The circle is the basis for the wheel, which, with related inventions such as gears, makes much of modern machinery possible. In mathematics, the study of the circle has helped inspire the development of geometry, astronomy and calculus.
Singal Junction
Singal Junction (신갈 분기점), also known as the Singal JC, is a junction located in Giheung-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi, South Korea. Gyeongbu Expressway (No. 1) and Yeongdong Expressway (No. 50) meet here. It is named after the neighbourhood in which it is located, Singal-dong. The type of junction is combination interchange. It is Sin-gal Junction, not Sing-al Junction.

Singal-dong
Singal (Hangeul: 신갈) is an area of Yongin, in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea.  It is near two major expressways and a large reservoir by the same name.  As such, it is a major junction for the surrounding area.
2017 Elon Phoenix football team
The 2017 Elon Phoenix football team represented Elon University in the 2017 NCAA Division I FCS football season. They were led by first-year head coach Curt Cignetti and played their home games at Rhodes Stadium. They were members of the Colonial Athletic Association (CAA). They finished the season 8–4, 6–2 in CAA play to finish in third place. They received an at-large bid to the FCS Playoffs where they lost to Furman in the first round.

2017 NCAA Division I FCS football season
The 2017 NCAA Division I FCS football season, part of college football in the United States, was organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at the Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) level. The FCS Championship Game was played on January 6, 2018, in Frisco, Texas. The North Dakota State Bison beat the James Madison Dukes, 17–13, to capture their sixth title in seven years.
Parc del Laberint d'Horta
The Parc del Laberint d'Horta (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈpaɾɡ dəl ləβəˈɾin ˈdɔɾtə], "Park of the Labyrinth of Horta", sometimes referred to as Jardins (Gardens) del Laberint d'Horta) is a historical garden in the Horta-Guinardó district in Barcelona and the oldest of its kind in the city. Located on the former estate of the Desvalls family, next to the Collserola ridge, the park comprises an 18th-century neoclassical garden and a 19th-century romantic garden. On the lower terrace is the hedge maze that gives the park its name.

Horta-Guinardó
Horta-Guinardó (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈɔɾtə ɣinəɾˈðo]) is the name of one of the districts of Barcelona, located in its North-Eastern corner. It is named after two very heterogeneous areas of the city, Horta and El Guinardó, which together cover a large area of 11.92 km2, amounting to 11.9% of the total area of the city.

A former municipality that eventually became part of the city in the late 19th century, it is bordered by five out of ten districts of Barcelona (Gràcia, Nou Barris, Eixample, Sant Andreu and Sant Martí), and by two other municipalities of the metropolitan area (Sant Cugat and Cerdanyola del Vallès). It underwent a rapid urbanisation process from the 1950s.
2018 Knoxville Challenger
The 2018 Knoxville Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the fifteenth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2018 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Knoxville, United States between 5 and 11 November 2018.

Knoxville Challenger
The Knoxville Challenger is a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hardcourts. It is currently part of the ATP Challenger Tour. It is held annually in Knoxville, Tennessee, United States, since 2000.

The Knoxville Challenger is held at Goodfriend Tennis Center on the campus of the University of Tennessee. The tournament is the second of three indoor Challenger tournaments at college venues to end the USTA Pro Circuit season. The Charlottesville Challenger (University of Virginia) is held the week before, and the Champaign Challenger (University of Illinois) is the week after.
2024 North Kosovo referendum
A referendum on the dismissal of four ethnic Albanian mayors of municipalities in Kosovo was held on 21 April 2024, in the region of North Kosovo with a majority Serb population. The municipalities where the referendum for the replacement of the mayor was held were: Zubin Potok, Zvečan, Leposavić, and North Mitrovica. For the referendum to succeed, a majority of registered voters had vote for the replacement of the mayor in each municipality. The referendum comes after a petition organized by citizens of municipalities in the north for the removal of 4 mayors in the north. It was officially held, having been approved by Kosovo's Central Electoral Commission. It was invalid due to a boycott by Serbian voters.

Zubin Potok
Zubin Potok (Albanian definite form: Zubin Potoku; Serbian Cyrillic: Зубин Поток) is a town and municipality located in the Mitrovica District in Kosovo. As of 2015, it has an estimated population of 15,200 inhabitants. It covers an area of 335 km2 (129 sq mi), and consists of the main town and 63 villages.

Zubin Potok is a part of North Kosovo, a region with an ethnic Serb majority. After the 2013 Brussels Agreement, the municipality is expected to become part of a proposed Community of Serb Municipalities.
Gianni Berengo Gardin
Gianni Berengo Gardin (10 October 1930 – 6 August 2025) was an Italian photographer who concentrated on reportage and editorial work, but whose career as a photographer encompassed book illustration and advertising.

"Undoubtedly the most important photographer in Italy in the latter part of the 20th century", "[f]or more than fifty years Gianni Berengo Gardin has been taking photographs with the humility and passion of a great craftsman."

Rencontres d'Arles
The Rencontres d'Arles (formerly called Rencontres internationales de la photographie d'Arles) is an annual summer photography festival founded in 1970 by the Arles photographer Lucien Clergue, the writer Michel Tournier and the historian Jean-Maurice Rouquette.

In 2015, the festival welcomed 93,000 visitors. In 2016, the 100,000 visitor mark was reached. In recent years the Rencontres d'Arles has invited many guest curators and entrusted some of its programming to figures such as Martin Parr in 2004, Raymond Depardon in 2006, the Arles-born fashion designer Christian Lacroix in 2008 and Nan Goldin in 2009.
Space Fishermen
Space Fishermen is a 2002 fishing video game developed by Land Ho! and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation 2. It was released only in Japan. The game is notable for its cel-shaded visual style reminiscent of John Kricfalusi's, with the design of the game's protagonists being mistaken as his creations; Sony in fact did work with Kricfalusi and his studio Spümcø on Yoake no Mariko, whose sequel was released nine months prior for the PlayStation 2 and was also exclusive to Japan.

Fishing video game
A fishing video game is a genre of video games in which the player conducts virtual recreational fishing, usually in the form of angling and/or fishing tournaments.

Considered a subset of sports video games, and although not as prolific as other genres, fishing video games have historically been popular and have been released in arcade, console, PC and mobile platforms.
Bacha Khan Medical Complex Swabi
Bacha Khan Medical Complex Swabi (BKMCS) is a medical facility located in Shahmansoor, Swabi District, in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The hospital is named after the Pashtun leader and political figure Bacha Khan.

The complex offers medical services, including emergency care, inpatient and outpatient care, diagnostic services, and specialized treatments such as surgery, cardiology, and neurology.

It also serves as a training center for medical students and residents in partnership with local universities and medical schools.

Swabi District
Swabi District (Pashto: سوابۍ ولسوالۍ) is a district in the Mardan Division of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province in Pakistan. It lies between the Indus and Kabul Rivers. Before becoming a district in 1988, it was a tehsil within the Mardan District. 96% of the population speaks Pashto as their first language.

The dominating tribe of Swabi is the Yusufzai,  followed by the minor Utmankhel, Lodi, Tarakai, Jadoon and Khattak.
Hampton Waterworks
The Hampton Waterworks is a historic site located in Hampton, Arkansas. Completed in 1937, it is the only surviving example of a Public Works Administration-built waterworks in Calhoun County. The site contains a good example of a 1930s-era elevated steel water tower, built by the Pittsburgh-Des Moines Steel Company. The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.

Hampton, Arkansas
Hampton is a town in Calhoun County, Arkansas, United States. The population was 1,181 according to the 2020 United States census. The town is the county seat of Calhoun County.

Hampton is part of the Camden Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Cabra, Dublin
Cabra (Irish: An Chabrach, meaning 'the poor land')  is an inner suburb on the northside of Dublin city in Ireland. It is approximately 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) northwest of the city centre, in the administrative area of Dublin City Council. It was commonly known as Cabragh until the early 20th century. Largely located between the Royal Canal and the Phoenix Park, it is primarily a residential suburb, with a range of institutions and some light industry. Cabra is served by bus, tram and mainline rail; it lies across Navan Road, one of the main roads from central Dublin to the orbital motorway.

The population of all electoral divisions labelled as Cabra was 23,681 as of the 2022 census.

Finglas
Finglas (/ˈfɪŋɡləs/; Irish: Fionnghlas, meaning 'clear streamlet') is a northwestern outer suburb of Dublin, Ireland.  It lies close to Junction 5 of the M50 motorway, and the N2 road. Nearby suburbs include Glasnevin and Ballymun; Dublin Airport is seven km (4.3 mi) to the north. Finglas lies mainly in the postal district of Dublin 11.

Finglas is the core of a civil parish of the same name in the barony of Castleknock.
Ben Edwards (American football)
Ben Edwards (born April 11, 1992) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver for the New York Giants of the National Football League (NFL). He played football and basketball at York High School in Yorktown, Virginia. He played college football for the Richmond Spiders for four years. Edwards earned first-team All-CAA honors in 2012 after leading the CAA in receptions with 80. He was also named first-team All-CAA his senior year in 2013. After going undrafted in the 2014 NFL draft, Edwards remained unsigned until being signed by the Giants in May 2015. He played in two games for the Giants in 2015, catching one pass for nine yards. He spent the entire 2016 season on injured reserve and became a free agent afterwards.

Return specialist
A return specialist, subcategorized as kick or punt returners, is a player on the special teams unit of a gridiron football team who specializes in returning kickoffs and punts. There are few players who are exclusively return specialists; most also play another position such as wide receiver, cornerback, or running back. The special teams counterpart of a return specialist is a kicking specialist.

According to All-American Venric Mark, "Returning punts is harder. You have to judge the ball more, you have to know when to fair catch and when not to. You can't be a superhero and try to catch everything. With kickoff returns, you catch the ball and—boom—you're going."
Club General Díaz (Luque)
General Díaz Football Club is a Paraguayan football club from Luque that currently plays in the Primera División B Metropolitana, the third division of Paraguayan league system. Founded in 1917, it plays at the Estadio General Adrián Jara in Luque.

The club's name came from José Eduvigis Díaz, a Paraguayan general.

APF División Intermedia
The División Intermedia (English: Intermediate Division), also known as the Segunda División (English: Second Division), is the second highest  professional football league in Paraguay. It is organized by the Asociación Paraguaya de Fútbol.
Believe Pictures
Believe Pictures is an independent production company founded by partners Brian Bird, and Michael Landon, Jr. They have created (or co-created) major films such as The Last Sin Eater, the Love Comes Softly film series and Saving Sarah Cain, which won a 2008 CAMIE Award.

Most of the releases went to Fox Faith for home video distribution.

Fox Faith
Fox Faith (also spelled FoxFaith) was a brand of film studio 20th Century Fox targeting evangelical Christians.

Established under 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment in 2006, Fox Faith acquired independent Christian-themed films for theatrical and video release. 20th Century Fox described Fox Faith titles as "morally-driven, family-friendly programming," and requires them to "have overt Christian [c]ontent or be derived from the work of a Christian author."

The label's theatrical releases were by arrangement with the AMC Theatres and Carmike Cinemas chains, and most of their films were digital releases.

All of the Fox Faith film library are now owned by The Walt Disney Company, following Disney's acquisition of 21st Century Fox on March 20, 2019.
Murgia, Álava
Murgia (Basque pronunciation: [murɣi.a], Spanish: Murguía [muɾˈɣi.a]) is a village and concejo located in the municipality of Zuia, in Álava province, Basque Country, Spain. It is the capital of the municipality as well as of the Cuadrilla de Gorbeialdea.

The main road in the village is Domingo de Sautu Street. The Goba River separates a neighborhood called The Cross from the centre of the village. To the north is Sarria, to the northeast Zarate, to the southeast Jugo, to the southwest Bitoriano, and to the west Ametzaga.

Jugo, Álava
Jugo is a hamlet and concejo in the municipality of Zuia, in Álava province, Basque Country, Spain. The Jugatxi chapel, the most important shrine in the municipality after the Sanctuary of Oro, is located on a hill close to Jugo.
Nintendo Switch system software
The Nintendo Switch system software (also known by its codename Horizon) is an updatable firmware and operating system used by the Nintendo Switch and Nintendo Switch 2 hybrid video game consoles. It is based on a proprietary microkernel. The user interface (UI) includes the game library organized in a horizontal row, with numerous additional options and shortcuts underneath.

Nintendo eShop
The Nintendo eShop is a digital distribution service for the Nintendo Switch and the Nintendo Switch 2, and formerly available via the Nintendo Network for the 
Nintendo 3DS and Wii U. Launched in June 2011 on the Nintendo 3DS, the Nintendo eShop served as the successor to both the Wii Shop Channel and DSi Shop. It is also a multitasking application, which means it is easily accessible even when a game is already running in the background through the system software. The Nintendo eShop features downloadable games, demos, applications, streaming videos, consumer rating feedback, and other information on upcoming game releases. The service was discontinued globally for the Nintendo 3DS and Wii U in March 2023, continuing only on the Switch and Switch 2.
German Colony, Haifa
The German Colony (Hebrew: המושבה הגרמנית, romanized: HaMoshava HaGermanit; Arabic: الحي الألمانية; German: Deutsche Kolonie) is an area of Haifa established in 1868 as a Christian German Templer Colony in Ottoman Palestine. It was the first of several colonies established by the group in the Holy Land. Others were founded in Sarona near Jaffa, Galilee and Jerusalem. Some of the original buildings are still surviving today, and the area continues to be visited, lived in, and in use.

Sarona (colony)
Sarona (Hebrew: שָׁרוֹנָה) is a neighborhood of Tel Aviv, Israel which started as a  German Templer colony in Ottoman Palestine in 1871. It was one of the earliest modern villages established by Europeans in Ottoman Palestine. In July 1941, the British Mandate authorities deported 188 residents of Sarona, who were considered ardent Nazi sympathisers. By the 2000s, the area had fallen into disrepair and was a haven for drug users. However, since 2003, the area has undergone massive renovation, which involved moving and relocating historical buildings before their restoration. The area is now a popular shopping district, as well as home to museums, cultural artifacts centering on its history, and IDF complexes.
Mangowine Homestead
Mangowine Homestead is an historic homestead in Nungarin, Western Australia, built by Charles Frederick and Jane Swain Adams. It comprises a cottage built c1876, and an adjacent building constructed in 1889 as an inn.

The property was given to the National Trust of Australia (WA) in 1968 by Olive Warwick (Charles and Jane's granddaughter). The Trust commenced restoration work in 1970, and opened the property to the public in 1973.

Nungarin, Western Australia
Nungarin is a town located in the north east of the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia, approximately 278 kilometres (173 mi) east of Perth and 39 kilometres (24 mi) north of Merredin. It is the main town in the Shire of Nungarin. At the 2006 census, Nungarin had a population of 142.

The surrounding areas produce wheat and other cereal crops. The town is a receival site for Cooperative Bulk Handling.
Morinosaurus
Morinosaurus (meaning "Morini lizard", for an ancient people of northern France) is a genus of sauropod dinosaur from an unnamed formation of Kimmeridgian-aged (Late Jurassic) rocks from Boulogne-sur-Mer, Département du Pas-de-Calais, France. It is an obscure tooth genus sometimes referred to the Early Cretaceous English wastebasket taxon Pelorosaurus.

Titanosauria
Titanosaurs (or titanosaurians; members of the group Titanosauria) were a diverse group of sauropod dinosaurs, including genera from every continent. The titanosaurs were the last surviving group of long-necked sauropods, with taxa still thriving at the time of the extinction event at the end of the Cretaceous. This group includes some of the largest land animals known to have ever existed, such as Patagotitan, estimated at 37 m (121 ft) long with a mass of 69 tonnes (76 tons), and the comparably-sized Argentinosaurus and Puertasaurus from the same region.

The group's name alludes to the mythological Titans of ancient Greek mythology, via the type genus (now considered a nomen dubium) Titanosaurus. Together with the brachiosaurids and relatives, titanosaurs make up the larger sauropod clade Titanosauriformes. Titanosaurs have long been a poorly-known group, and the relationships between titanosaur species are still not well-understood.
The Shops at Santa Anita
The Shops at Santa Anita (formerly known as Westfield Santa Anita and as the Santa Anita Fashion Park) is a super-regional shopping mall located in Arcadia, California, adjacent to the Santa Anita Race Track.

J. W. Robinson's
J. W. Robinson & Co. (colloquially Robinson's) was an American department store chain founded in 1883 by Joseph Winchester Robinson. Its flagship store and headquarters were located in Los Angeles, California, and operated in Southern California and Arizona. Robinson's and May Company California were merged and individually dissolved to form Robinsons-May in 1993.
Lamokin Street station
Lamokin Street is a former regional rail station that was located on the SEPTA Regional Rail Wilmington/Newark Line at Lamokin Street in Chester, Pennsylvania. Until 1972, it was the junction for the Chester Creek Branch, controlled by nearby Lamokin Tower. The branch line was operated by the Pennsylvania Railroad and later Penn Central, until service ended in 1972 due to damage caused by Hurricane Agnes.

Wilmington/Newark Line
The Wilmington/Newark Line is a route of the SEPTA Regional Rail commuter rail system in the Philadelphia area. The line serves southeastern Pennsylvania and northern Delaware, with stations in Marcus Hook, Pennsylvania, Wilmington, Delaware, and Newark, Delaware. It is the longest of the 13 SEPTA Regional Rail lines.
Baima Township, Guangxi
Baima Township (simplified Chinese: 百马乡; traditional Chinese: 百馬鄉; pinyin: Bǎimǎ Xiāng) is a township under the administration of Dahua Yao Autonomous County, Guangxi, China. As of 2020, it has ten villages under its administration:

Baima Village

Polou Village (坡楼村)

Yongjing Village (永靖村)

Zhonghe Village (中和村)

Xiahe Village (下和村)

Liuren Village (六任村)

Dengpai Village (登排村)

Keyou Village (科优村)

Mengdou Village (孟豆村)

Tongshe Village (同社村)

Dahua Yao Autonomous County
Dahua Yao Autonomous County (zhuang: Dava Yauzcuz Swci Yen; simplified Chinese: 大化瑶族自治县; traditional Chinese: 大化瑤族自治縣; pinyin: Dàhuà Yáozú Zìzhìxiàn) is a county of west-central Guangxi, China. It is under the administration of Hechi city. It was established on 23 December 1987.
1904 Arkansas gubernatorial election
The 1904 Arkansas gubernatorial election was held on September 5, 1904, in order to elect the Governor of Arkansas. Democratic nominee and incumbent Governor Jeff Davis won re-election against Republican nominee Harry H. Myers in a rematch of the previous election.

1902 Arkansas gubernatorial election
The 1902 Arkansas gubernatorial election was held on September 1, 1902.

Incumbent Democratic Governor Jeff Davis defeated Republican nominee Harry H. Myers and Independent Republican nominee Charles D. Greaves with 64.60% of the vote.
Meliandou
Meliandou is a village in Guéckédou Prefecture, in the Nzérékoré Region of southern Guinea. Medical researchers believe that the village was the location of the first known case of Ebola virus disease in the epidemic in West Africa. The patient zero of Ebola was a two-year-old boy who died in 2013. The boy's pregnant mother, sister, and grandmother also became ill with symptoms consistent with Ebola infection and died. People infected by those victims later spread the disease to other villages.

Prior to the Ebola outbreak, the villagers sold their farm produce to the nearby town of Guéckédou. As of October 2014, they found themselves unable to sell their products anymore.

Index case
The index case or patient zero is the first documented patient in a disease epidemic within a population, or the first documented patient included in an epidemiological study. 
It can also refer to the first case of a condition or syndrome (not necessarily contagious) to be described in the medical literature, whether or not the patient is thought to be the first person affected. An index case can achieve the status of a "classic" case study in the literature, as did Phineas Gage, the first known person to exhibit a definitive personality change as a result of traumatic brain injury.