hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Saint Patrick County
Saint Patrick was a county in Trinidad and Tobago that occupied an area of 673 km2 (260 sq mi). It occupied the southwestern peninsula of the island of Trinidad, bounded by the Columbus Channel to the south, the Gulf of Paria to the west, and Victoria to the north. It included the towns of Point Fortin, La Brea, Siparia, Cedros, Fyzabad and Penal. Saint Patrick was divided into four Wards: Cedros, La Brea, Erin and Siparia.

Prior to 1990, local government was administered by the Saint Patrick County Council and the Point Fortin Borough Corporation. After 1990, areas formerly administered by the Saint Patrick County Council were divided between Penal–Debe Regional Corporation and Siparia Regional Corporation.

Penal–Debe
Penal–Debe region is a region of Trinidad.  The local government body is Penal–Debe Regional Corporation, a Regional Corporation of Trinidad and Tobago. The region has a land area of 246.91 km². Urban areas within Penal–Debe include Penal, where the corporation is headquartered, and Debe. The region is noted as a heartland of Indo-Trinidadian culture with  Indians making up the vast majority of the region at 71% and the largest religion in the region being Hinduism at 43%.
Bolivian Football Federation
The Bolivian Football Federation (Spanish: Federación Boliviana de Fútbol, locally [feðeɾaˈsjom boliˈβjana ðe ˈfuðβol]; FBF) is the governing body of football in Bolivia. It was founded in 1925, making it the eighth oldest South American federation. It affiliated to CONMEBOL and FIFA in 1926 and is in charge of the Bolivia national football team.

The FBF is the federation of two entities:

Bolivian Primera División (Bolivian Professional Football League): comprises the 12 professional football teams in the first division.

Asociación de Fútbol Nacional (ANF) (National Football Association): 9 departmental football associations, one from each of Bolivia's nine departments.

Football in Bolivia
Association football is the most popular sport in Bolivia, with around 70% of the people in Bolivia considered association football fans. The first modern set of rules for the sport were established in 1923, which were a major influence on the development of the modern laws of the game. Bolivia has over 2,000 football clubs.

Bolivia is home to one of the oldest football clubs (Oruro Royal) in South America. The top domestic league, the División de Fútbol Profesional, is currently considered one of the most important leagues in South America. The country also is home to the famous Tahuichi Academy which has delivered many Bolivian football stars.

It has traditionally been a male-dominated sport, but women's football has become increasingly prominent in recent years.
Killer ape theory
The killer ape theory or killer ape hypothesis is the theory that war and interpersonal aggression was the driving force behind human evolution. It was originated by Raymond Dart in his 1953 article "The predatory transition from ape to man"; it was developed further in African Genesis by Robert Ardrey in 1961. The theory gained notoriety for suggesting that the urge to violence was a fundamental part of human psychology. It is associated with the hunting hypothesis, also developed by Ardrey.

According to the theory, the ancestors of humans were distinguished from other primate species by their greater aggressiveness, and this aggression is the source of humanity's murderous instincts.

However, subsequent research has shown that both chimpanzees and bonobos may exhibit aggressive behaviors over 100 times more often than humans.

Douglas P. Fry
Douglas P. Fry (born 20 September 1953 in Boston, Massachusetts) is an American anthropologist. He has written extensively on aggression, conflict, and conflict resolution in his own books and in journals such as Science and American Anthropologist. His work frequently engages the debate surrounding the origins of war, arguing against claims that war or lethal aggression is rooted in human evolution.

Fry currently chairs the Department of Anthropology at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and is an affiliate of Åbo Akademi University in Vaasa, Finland.

"Today, the idea of the European nations waging war with each other is absurd", Fry said in 2021.
2014 Michigan House of Representatives election
The 2014 Michigan House of Representatives elections were held on November 4, 2014, with partisan primaries to select the parties' nominees in the various districts on August 5, 2014. Members elected at the 2014 election served in the 98th Michigan Legislature, which convened on January 7, 2015.

Governor of Michigan
The governor of Michigan is the head of government of the U.S. state of Michigan. The current governor is Gretchen Whitmer, a member of the Democratic Party, who was inaugurated on January 1, 2019, as the state's 49th governor. She was re-elected to serve a second term in 2022. The governor is elected to a four-year term and is limited to two terms.
Confidential incident reporting
A confidential incident reporting system is a mechanism which allows problems in safety-critical fields such as aviation and medicine to be reported in confidence. This allows events to be reported which otherwise might not be reported through fear of blame or reprisals against the reporter. Analysis of the reported incidents can provide insight into how those events occurred, which can spur the development of measures to make the system safer.

Confidentiality
Confidentiality involves a set of rules or a promise sometimes executed through confidentiality agreements that limits the access to or places restrictions on the distribution of certain types of information.
Diocese of San Marino-Montefeltro
The Diocese of San Marino-Montefeltro (Latin: Dioecesis Sammarinensis-Feretrana), known until 1977 as the Diocese of Montefeltro, is a Latin Church ecclesiastical jurisdiction or diocese of the Catholic Church in both Italy and San Marino. It is a suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Ravenna-Cervia. The current diocese includes all the parishes of San Marino.

It has its collegiate cathedral episcopal see S. Bartolomeo, dedicated to the Apostle St. Bartholomew, in Pennabilli, Rimini, Emilia Romagna, and two co-cathedrals:

the church of San Leo, located in the nearby Italian town of that name, once the cathedral of the former see.

the Basilica di San Marino, in the City of San Marino. This is a minor basilica and World Heritage Site.

Diocese of Rimini
The Diocese of Rimini (Latin: Dioecesis Ariminensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in Emilia Romagna, Italy. From earliest times, it was a suffragan to the Holy See, despite repeated attempts by the Diocese of Ravenna to claim it as a suffragan diocese. Since 1604, however, it has been a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Ravenna-Cervia.

The episcopal see is in the cathedral of Rimini, Tempio Malatestiano, dedicated to the Holy Spirit (Sancta Columba). The cathedral was staffed and administered by a Chapter, composed of two dignities (not "dignitaries"), the Provost and the Archdeacon, and twelve Canons.

From 17 November 2022, Nicolò Anselmi is the 111º bishop of Rimini. He succeeded to Francesco Lambiasi who had reached the age of retirement.
Los Angeles Theatre Center
The Los Angeles Theatre Center is a performance complex of several theaters that first opened in Downtown Los Angeles. Designed and built in 1916 in the Greek revival style, the space served as the home of Security Trust & Savings, Security National Bank, and President Trading Company, before eventually reopening in 1985 as the Los Angeles Theatre Center.

Today, the space retains some of its original features, including a large 50 by 100 foot stained glass ceiling. After receiving a $4 million grant from the California Cultural and Historical Endowment to refurbish the building in 2006, the complex is now operated by the Latino Theatre Company..

Security Trust and Savings
Security Trust and Savings, also known as Security Trust, Security Pacific Bank, Security Bank Building, and Cahuenga Building, is a historic seven-story office building on the corner of Hollywood Boulevard and Cahuenga Boulevard in Hollywood, California. It is notable for its architecture, its history with Hollywood, and its association with fictional detective Philip Marlowe.
2008 Masters France
The 2008 Masters France was a non-ATP affiliated exhibition tennis tournament. It was the first edition of the event held in Toulouse, France from December 18 through December 21, 2008. Only a men's singles tournament was held.

The tournament was open to the top eight French players who had performed best at ATP Tour events held in France during 2008 (at Metz, Lyon, Marseille and the Masters Series event in Paris). Some players had to pull out and were replaced by the next best French player (see the Masters France article.

2008 ATP Tour
The 2008 ATP Tour was the global elite men's professional tennis circuit organised by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for the 2008 tennis season. The ATP Tour is the elite tour for professional tennis and includes the four Grand Slam tournaments, the Tennis Masters Cup, the ATP Masters Series, the International Series Gold and the International Series tournaments.
Chanda Rubin
Chanda Rubin (born February 18, 1976) is an American former top-10 professional tennis player. During her career, she reached the semifinals at the 1996 Australian Open, the quarterfinals of the French Open three times, and had wins over world No. 1s Serena Williams and Martina Hingis. In doubles, she won the 1996 Australian Open with Arantxa Sánchez Vicario and alongside Sandrine Testud, were runners-up at the 1999 US Open.

She is also known to have played at the very first official match of the Arthur Ashe Stadium, at the 1997 US Open, in which she faced Tamarine Tanasugarn of Thailand and lost in two sets.

United States Tennis Association
The United States Tennis Association (USTA) is the national governing body for tennis in the United States. A not-for-profit organization with more than 700,000 members, it invests 100% of its proceeds to promote and develop the growth of tennis, from the grass-roots to the professional levels. The association was created to standardize rules and regulations and to promote and develop the growth of tennis in the United States.

The USTA runs the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center which hosts the US Open every year.

The USTA has leagues in most places for adults skill levels between beginner and pro. The USTA also hosts tournaments across the country every weekend for club players or professionals.
Guise Brittan
William Guise Brittan (3 December 1809 – 18 July 1876), mostly known as Guise Brittan and commonly referred to as W. G. Brittan, was the first Commissioner of Crown Lands for Canterbury in New Zealand.

W. David McIntyre
William David McIntyre OBE (4 September 1932 – 11 September 2022) was a British-born New Zealand historian, known for his expertise on the military and constitutional histories of the Commonwealth of Nations and British Empire.
Centrolew
The Centrolew (Polish pronunciation: [t͡sɛnˈtrɔlɛf], 'Center-Left') was a coalition of several Polish political parties (Polish People's Party "Wyzwolenie", German Socialist Labour Party of Poland, Polish People's Party "Piast", National Workers' Party, Polish Socialist Party and Christian-democratic parties) after the 1928 parliamentary election.  The coalition was directed against the Sanation government.

To counter the Centrolew, in the heated atmosphere prior to the 1930 election, Centrolew politicians were accused of planning a coup and subjected to repressions (most famously, imprisonment in the Brest Fortress, and the subsequent Brest trials). The Centrolew was defeated in the elections and broke up as a coalition.

Polish People's Party "Wyzwolenie"
Polish Peasant Party "Wyzwolenie" or Polish People's Party "Wyzwolenie"  (Polish: Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe "Wyzwolenie", abbreviated as PSL Wyzwolenie) — Wyzwolenie is Polish for Liberation, and many sources translate the party's name fully as Polish Peasant Party "Liberation" or Polish People's Party "Liberation" — was a political party from the interwar period of the Second Polish Republic (1915–1931).

It was formed in 1915 by several peasant parties in Kingdom of Poland. In comparison to Polish People's Party "Piast", it was a left-wing party, and an ally of Polish Socialist Party (Polska Partia Socjalistyczna). PSL Wyzwolenie supported the May Coup in 1926, but soon afterwards distanced itself from Sanation and joined the opposition. In 1931, it merged with several other parties, including Polish People's Party "Piast", forming the People's Party (Stronnictwo Ludowe).
Stephanie Hazlett
Stephanie Hazlett (born January 29, 1979) is an American former professional tennis player.

A native of Indiana, Hazlett attended Heritage Hills H.S. and in 1996 secured the school's first state championship across all sports, by winning the girls' singles tournament. Her junior tennis career included an Easter Bowl title in 1995 for the 16s age group. She played collegiate tennis for the University of Florida and was a two-time All-American.

Hazlett reached a best singles world ranking of 283 on the professional tour. In 2003 she won her first ITF Circuit event in Evansville, Indiana, a tournament that her mother Anna was involved in running. She also won a $25,000 ITF tournament in Puebla, Mexico later that year, partnering Kaysie Smashey in the doubles.

Kaysie Smashey
Kaysie Smashey (born April 11, 1980) is an American former professional tennis player.

Smashey, who was born and raised in El Paso, played college tennis on a scholarship for the Texas Longhorns between 1999 and 2002. On the professional tour, Smashey reached a best ranking of 451 in singles and 146 in doubles. She made four doubles main-draw appearances on the WTA Tour, with her best performance a quarterfinal appearance at Memphis in 2005. Her four ITF doubles titles included the $50,000 Waikoloa tournament.
Mansur Shah I of Perak
Paduka Sri Sultan Mansur Shah I ibni Almarhum Sultan Muzaffar Shah I (died 1577) was the second Sultan of Perak. He was the son of Sultan Muzaffar Shah I and Tun Terang, daughter of Tun Fatimah and Tun Ali.

Aceh Sultanate
The Aceh Sultanate, officially the Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam (Acehnese: Acèh Darussalam; Jawoë: اچيه دارالسلام‎), was a sultanate centered in the modern-day province Indonesia of Aceh. It was a major regional power in the 16th and 17th centuries, before experiencing a long period of decline. Its capital was Kutaraja, the present-day Banda Aceh.

At its peak it competed with the Sultanate of Johor and Portuguese Malacca, both on the Malay Peninsula, as all three attempted to control the trade through the Strait of Malacca and the regional exports of pepper and tin, with varying success. In addition to its considerable military strength, the court of Aceh became a noted center of Islamic scholarship and trade.
Riker Lynch
Riker Anthony Lynch (born November 8, 1991) is an American singer and actor. He was previously cast as Jeff, one of the members of the Dalton Academy Warblers singing group, on Fox's television series Glee. He finished in second place on season 20 of Dancing with the Stars with Allison Holker as his dance partner.

He was one of the lead singers and the bassist in R5 with his brothers Ross and Rocky, sister Rydel, and family friend Ellington Ratliff. He now has a band of his own called Riker and The Beachcombers.

Riker married Savannah Latimer on September 20, 2019.

Ellington Ratliff
Ellington Lee Ratliff (born April 14, 1993) is an American drummer and actor. He is best known as the drummer of pop rock band R5, which was active from 2009 until 2018, and as a contributor to the Driver Era.
Virginijus Sinkevičius
Virginijus Sinkevičius (born 4 November 1990) is a Lithuanian politician who served as European Commissioner for the Environment, Oceans and Fisheries in the first von der Leyen Commission from 2019 to 2024. In the 2024 European elections he was elected and became a member of the European Parliament. He was previously a Member of the Seimas and Minister of Economy and Innovation.

Prime Minister of Lithuania
The prime minister of Lithuania (Lithuanian: Ministras Pirmininkas, lit. 'Minister-Chairman', colloquially also referred to as the premier Lithuanian: premjeras) is the head of government of Lithuania. The prime minister is appointed by the president with the assent of the Lithuanian parliament, the Seimas. The modern office of prime minister was established in 1990, when Lithuania declared its independence, although the official title was "Chairperson of the Council of Ministers" until 25 November 1992.

Historically, the title of prime minister was also used between 1918 and 1940. This was during the original Republic of Lithuania, which lasted from the collapse of the Russian Empire until the country's annexation by the Soviet Union.
2021 Vuelta a Andalucía
The 2021 Vuelta a Andalucía Ruta del Sol was a road cycling stage race that took place in the Andalusia region of southern Spain between 18 and 22 May 2021. It was the 67th edition of the Vuelta a Andalucía, and was rated as a category-2.Pro event on the 2021 UCI Europe Tour and the 2021 UCI ProSeries calendars.

The race was originally scheduled for 17 to 21 February, but due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it had to be postponed to mid-May.

2021 UCI Europe Tour
The 2021 UCI Europe Tour was the 17th season of the UCI Europe Tour. The season began on 24 January 2021 with the Clàssica Comunitat Valenciana 1969 – Gran Premio Valencia and ended on 24 October 2021 with the Ronde van Drenthe.

Throughout the season, points were awarded to the top finishers of stages within stage races and the final general classification standings of each of the stages races and one-day events. The quality and complexity of a race also determined how many points are awarded to the top finishers; the higher the UCI rating of a race, the more points were awarded.

The UCI ratings from highest to lowest are as follows:

Multi-day events: 2.Pro, 2.1 and 2.2

One-day events: 1.Pro, 1.1 and 1.2
Daisuke Naito
Daisuke Naito (内藤 大助, Naitō Daisuke; born August 30, 1974) is a former professional boxer from Japan. He is the former WBC and lineal flyweight champion, and former Japanese and OPBF flyweight champion.

Takefumi Sakata
Takefumi Sakata (坂田健史, Sakata Takefumi; born January 29, 1980 in Aki District, Hiroshima Prefecture) is a Japanese boxer in the flyweight (112 lb/50 kg) division and a former WBA flyweight champion.

Sakata was the premier boxer in the Kyoei boxing gym before the arrival of Kōki Kameda in 2005. He stayed out of the limelight for most of his career, even being used as Kameda's sparring partner, but finally won a world title in 2007, defeating Lorenzo Parra for the vacant WBA Flyweight title.
Rosa Hope
Rosa Somerville Hope (8 June 1902, in Manchester, England – 7 May 1972, in Kokstad, South Africa), was an English painter who visited South Africa in 1935 and stayed on. Her mother was a teacher at the Camberwell School of Art and her father was recorded as an agent.

Phyllis McCarthy
Phyllis McCarthy (12 March 1903 – 16 February 1986) was a South African breeder of and authority on Rhodesian Ridgeback dogs. She established the Glenaholm Kennels in 1949 in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, played a seminal role in the Ridgeback community and produced a long line of Ridgebacks featuring prominently in the ancestry of almost all modern members of the breed.
Chrome (video game)
Chrome is a 2003 first-person shooter video game developed by Techland and published by Gathering in Europe and Strategy First in North America. It was re-released with additional levels in 2004 as Advanced Battlegrounds: The Future of Combat (in some countries called Chrome: Gold Edition). A prequel, Chrome SpecForce, was released in 2005. In March 2006, Techland announced a sequel, which would feature the latest version of the Chrome Engine, but was reported to be "on hold" soon after.

Strategy First
Strategy First Inc. is a Canadian video game publisher based in Montreal. Founded in 1988 by Don McFatridge, Steve Wall and Dave Hill, the company filed for bankruptcy in 2004 and was subsequently acquired by Silverstar Holdings in 2005. Initially specializing in developing strategy video games, it since switched to primarily publishing, releasing games like the Disciples series, the Jagged Alliance series, O.R.B: Off-World Resource Base, and the Space Empires series.
Cooking Mama 5: Bon Appétit!
Cooking Mama 5: Bon Appétit!, released in Japan as Cooking Mama 5 and in Europe and Australia as Cooking Mama: Bon Appétit!, is the sequel to the Nintendo 3DS video game Cooking Mama 4: Kitchen Magic and is the fifth installment to the Cooking Mama series, the second on the Nintendo 3DS. It was released in Japan on November 21, 2013. It then released in North America on September 16, 2014 and in Europe on March 6, 2015.  It contains over 60 recipes and new household activities/games.

Minigame
A minigame (also spelled mini game and mini-game, sometimes called a subgame or microgame) is a short game often contained within another video game. A minigame contains different gameplay elements  and is often smaller or more simplistic than the game in which it is contained.

Some video games consist entirely of minigames which tie into an overall theme, such as Olympic Decathlon (1980). Minigames can also be used to represent a specific experience, such as hacking and lock picking, both of which are found in Bethesda games, or scanning an area, that ties into a larger game.
Bauer–Fike theorem
In mathematics, the Bauer–Fike theorem is a standard result in the perturbation theory of the eigenvalue of a complex-valued diagonalizable matrix. In its substance, it states an absolute upper bound for the deviation of one perturbed matrix eigenvalue from a properly chosen eigenvalue of the exact matrix. Informally speaking, what it says is that the sensitivity of the eigenvalues is estimated by the condition number of the matrix of eigenvectors.

The theorem was proved by Friedrich L. Bauer and C. T. Fike in 1960.

Matrix norm
In the field of mathematics, norms are defined for elements within a vector space. Specifically, when the vector space comprises matrices, such norms are referred to as matrix norms. Matrix norms differ from vector norms in that they must also interact with matrix multiplication.
The Clue of the Leaning Chimney
Children's literature portal

Novels portal

The Clue of the Leaning Chimney is the twenty-sixth volume in the Nancy Drew Mystery Stories series. It was first published in 1949 under the pseudonym Carolyn Keene. The actual authors were ghostwriters George Waller, Jr. and Harriet Stratemeyer Adams.

Nancy Drew Mystery Stories
The Nancy Drew Mystery Stories is the long-running 'main' series of the Nancy Drew franchise, which was published under the pseudonym Carolyn Keene. There are 175 novels and 34 revised stories that were published between 1930 and 2003 under the banner. Grosset & Dunlap published the first 56, and 34 revised stories, while Simon & Schuster published the series beginning with volume 57.

A spinoff, the Nancy Drew Files, ran concurrently from 1986 to 1997. In 2003, Simon & Schuster announced that Nancy Drew Mystery Stories would end and be replaced by a new, more contemporary series titled Nancy Drew: Girl Detective. Launched in 2004, the series ended in 2012. The Nancy Drew Diaries was launched in its place in 2013.