hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Algebraic topology (object)
In mathematics, the algebraic topology on the set of group representations from G to a topological group H is the topology of pointwise convergence, i.e. pi converges to p if the limit of pi(g) = p(g) for every g in G.

This terminology is often used in the case of the algebraic topology on the set of discrete, faithful representations of a Kleinian group into PSL(2,C).  Another topology, the geometric topology (also called the Chabauty topology), can be put on the set of images of the representations, and its closure can include extra Kleinian groups that are not images of points in the closure in the algebraic topology.  This fundamental distinction is behind the phenomenon of hyperbolic Dehn surgery and plays an important role in the general theory of hyperbolic 3-manifolds.

Kleinian group
In mathematics, a Kleinian group is a discrete subgroup of the group of orientation-preserving isometries of hyperbolic 3-space H3. The latter, identifiable with PSL(2, C), is the quotient group of the 2 by 2 complex matrices of determinant 1 by their center, which consists of the identity matrix and its product by −1. PSL(2, C) has a natural representation as orientation-preserving conformal transformations of the Riemann sphere, and as orientation-preserving conformal transformations of the open unit ball B3 in R3. The group of Möbius transformations is also related as the non-orientation-preserving isometry group of H3, PGL(2, C). So, a Kleinian group can be regarded as a discrete subgroup acting on one of these spaces.
Chester Street
Chester Street is a street in central London's Belgravia district. It runs south-west to north-east from Upper Belgrave Street to Grosvenor Place.

The poet Algernon Charles Swinburne was born at no 7 in 1837, the eldest of six children of Captain (later Admiral) Charles Henry Swinburne (1797–1877) and Lady Jane Henrietta, daughter of the George Ashburnham, 3rd Earl of Ashburnham.

The politician Alexander Perceval died at no 28 in 1859. The businessman and banker George Macaulay Booth was living in the same house in 1936.

The artist Frederick Yeates Hurlstone died at no 9 in 1869.

In 1920, John Godley, 3rd Baron Kilbracken was born in Chester Street.

Belgravia
Belgravia (/bɛlˈɡreɪviə/) is a district in Central London, covering parts of the areas of the City of Westminster and the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea.

Belgravia was known as the 'Five Fields' during the Tudor Period, and became a dangerous place due to highwaymen and robberies. It was developed in the early 19th century by Richard Grosvenor, 2nd Marquess of Westminster under the direction of Thomas Cubitt, focusing on numerous grand terraces centred on Belgrave Square and Eaton Square. Much of Belgravia, known as the Grosvenor Estate, is still owned by a family property company, the Duke of Westminster's Grosvenor Group, although owing to the Leasehold Reform Act 1967, the estate has been forced to sell many freeholds to its former tenants.

The part of Belgravia that lies in the City of Westminster is a district of Westminster.
Rambus
Rambus Inc. is an American technology company that designs, develops and licenses chip interface technologies and architectures that are used in digital electronics products. The company, founded in 1990, is well known for inventing RDRAM and for its intellectual property-based litigation following the introduction of DDR-SDRAM memory.

Creative Technology
Creative Technology Ltd., or Creative Labs Pte Ltd., is a Singaporean multinational electronics company mainly dealing with audio technologies and products such as speakers, headphones, sound cards and other digital media. Founded by Sim Wong Hoo, Creative was highly influential in the advancement of PC audio in the 1990s following the introduction of its Sound Blaster card and technologies; the company continues to develop Sound Blaster products including embedding them within partnered mainboard manufacturers and laptops.

The company also has overseas offices in Shanghai, Tokyo, Dublin and the Silicon Valley. Creative Technology has been listed on the Singapore Exchange (SGX) since 1994.
Le donne rivali
Le donne rivali is an intermezzo in two acts by composer Domenico Cimarosa with an Italian libretto by a now unknown poet. It is speculated that Giuseppe Petrosellini may have been the author of the libretto. The opera premiered at the Teatro Valle in Rome during Carnival in 1780. The original choreography was created by Alberto Cavos, the original costumes by Antonio Dian, and the original scenery by Domenico Fossati. In accordance with Papal law on theatre in Rome, the premiere cast was all-male.

The opera was later produced in Venice and Florence, and in 1789, in French, in St. Petersburg.

In recent years, Le donne rivali has been occasionally revived and recorded. In 1991, the Juilliard Opera Center intertwined the work with Mozart's unfinished opera Lo sposo deluso, which shares the same libretto, to make one large work.

Intermezzo
In music, an intermezzo (/ˌɪntərˈmɛtsoʊ/, Italian pronunciation: [interˈmɛddzo], plural form: intermezzi), in the most general sense, is a composition which fits between other musical or dramatic entities, such as acts of a play or movements of a larger musical work. In music history, the term has had several different usages, which fit into two general categories: the opera intermezzo and the instrumental intermezzo.
Birch triterpenes
Birch triterpenes, sold under the brand name Filsuvez, is an extract of birch bark used as a topical medication for the treatment of epidermolysis bullosa. The active ingredients are triterpenes extracted from the outer bark of silver birch (Betula pendula) and downy birch (Betula pubescens).

The most common side effects include wound complications such as skin reactions at the application site, infections, pruritus (itching), and hypersensitivity.

Birch triterpenes was approved for medical use in the European Union in June 2022, and in the United States in December 2023.

Triterpene
Triterpenes are a class of terpenes composed of six isoprene units with the molecular formula C30H48; they may also be thought of as consisting of three terpene units. Animals, plants and fungi all produce triterpenes, including squalene, the precursor to all steroids.
Diego de Urrea
Diego de Urrea Conca (c. 1559 – 1616), also known as Morato or Morato Aga, was a 16th-century linguist, translator, and diplomat. He served as the official interpreter and translator of Arabic (both classical and vernacular), Turkish, Tatar (likely a variant of Turkish spoken by Crimean Tatars), and Persian languages for the Spanish Crown during the reigns of Philip II and Philip III.

Muley Xeque
Muley Xeque (Arabic: مولاي الشيخ Mawlay al-Shaykh; 1566–1621) was a Saadi prince. Exiled in Spain, he converted to Catholicism in Madrid and was known as Felipe de África, Philip of Africa or Philip of Austria, in addition to the nickname "The Black Prince".
EBR 1190RS
The Erik Buell Racing 1190RS is a sport bike that is manufactured by Erik Buell Racing in the United States. It was introduced in June 2011 for the 2012 model year. It is powered by a 1,190 cc (73 cu in), liquid-cooled V-twin engine, that delivers 175 hp (130 kW) @ 9,750 rpm. Only 100 units were planned for 2011 production.

Sport bike
A sport bike, sports motorcycle, or sports bike is a motorcycle designed and optimized for speed, acceleration, braking, and cornering on asphalt concrete race tracks and roads. They are mainly designed for performance at the expense of comfort, fuel economy, safety, noise reduction and storage in comparison with other motorcycles.

Sport bikes can be and are typically equipped with fairings and a windscreen to deflect wind from the rider to improve aerodynamics.
Pioneers of Alaska
The Pioneers of Alaska is a fraternal organization based out of Nome, Alaska, focused on preserving the history of early non-Native settlers in the territory. The organization operates through local chapters called Igloos and historically provided mutual aid, civic engagement, and historical preservation support. Today, the Pioneers have approximately 3,100 members, who must be residents of Alaska for at least 20 years to be eligible to join.

The purpose of the Pioneers is stated as “to preserve the names of all Alaska’s pioneers on its rolls; to collect and preserve the literature and incidents of our history; and to promote the best interests of Alaska.”

Slattery Report
The Slattery Report, officially titled The Problem of Alaskan Development, was produced by the United States Department of the Interior under President Franklin D. Roosevelt's secretary Harold L. Ickes in 1939–40. It was named after Undersecretary of the Interior Harry A. Slattery. The report, which dealt with Alaskan development through immigration, included a proposal to move European refugees, especially Jews from Nazi Germany and Austria, to four locations in Alaska, including Baranof Island and the Matanuska-Susitna Valley. Skagway, Petersburg and Seward were the only towns to endorse the proposal.
Commercial waste
Commercial waste consists of waste from premises used mainly for the purposes of a trade or business or for the purpose of sport, recreation, education or entertainment, but excluding household, agricultural or industrial waste.

Municipal solid waste
Municipal solid waste (MSW), commonly known as trash or garbage in the United States and rubbish in Britain, is a waste type consisting of everyday items that are discarded by the public. "Garbage" can also refer specifically to food waste, as in a garbage disposal; the two are sometimes collected separately. In the European Union, the semantic definition is 'mixed municipal waste,' given waste code 20 03 01 in the European Waste Catalog. Although the waste may originate from a number of sources that has nothing to do with a municipality, the traditional role of municipalities in collecting and managing these kinds of waste have produced the particular etymology 'municipal.'
Mikoyan-Gurevich I-211
The Mikoyan-Gurevich I-211 was a prototype high-altitude Soviet fighter aircraft built during World War II. It was a version of the Mikoyan-Gurevich I-210, itself a variant of the Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-3, fitted with a Shvetsov ASh-82F radial engine. Its development was quite prolonged, although successful, but by the time it finished its manufacturer's trials in early 1944 there was no need for a high-altitude fighter and it was not worth reducing the production of existing fighters to convert a factory over to the I-211.

ShVAK cannon
The ShVAK (Russian: Шпитальный-Владимиров Авиационный Крупнокалиберный (ШВАК), romanized: Shpitalnyi-Vladimirov Aviatsionnyi Krupnokalibernyi, "Shpitalny-Vladimirov Aviation Large-calibre") was a 20 mm autocannon used by the Soviet Union during World War II. It was designed by Boris Shpitalniy and Semyon Vladimirov and entered production in 1936. ShVAK were installed in many models of Soviet aircraft. The TNSh was a version of the gun produced for light tanks (Russian: ТНШ: Tankovyi Nudel’man-Shpitalnyi). ShVAK shares the name with its 12.7 mm heavy machine gun predecessor.
History of Eastern Christianity
Christianity has been, historically, a Middle Eastern religion with its origin in Judaism. Eastern Christianity refers collectively to the Christian traditions and churches which developed in the Middle East, Egypt, Asia Minor, the Far East, Balkans, Eastern Europe, Northeastern Africa and southern India over several centuries of religious antiquity. It is contrasted with Western Christianity, which developed in Western Europe.
As a historical definition the term relates to the earliest Christian communities and their long-standing traditions that still exist.

First Council of Nicaea
The First Council of Nicaea was a council of Christian bishops convened in the Bithynian city of Nicaea (now İznik, Turkey) by the Roman Emperor Constantine I. The Council of Nicaea met from May until the end of July 325.

This ecumenical council was the first of many efforts to attain consensus in the church through an assembly representing all Christendom. Hosius of Corduba may have presided over its deliberations. Attended by at least 200 bishops, its main accomplishments were the settlement of the Christological issue of the divine nature of God the Son and his relationship to God the Father, the construction of the first part of the Nicene Creed, the mandating of uniform observance of the date of Easter, and the promulgation of early canon law.
Esperanza López Jiménez
Esperanza López Jiménez, also known as Espe López, (born 4 April 1992) is a Spanish handball player who plays as a right back for Málaga Costa del Sol, she has been a member of the Spanish national youth team.

Copa de la Reina de Balonmano
The Copa de la Reina de Balonmano (English: Queen's Cup of Handball) is an annual tournament for Spanish women's handball clubs organized by the Royal Spanish Handball Federation. Founded in 1980, it is contested in spring by the top eight teams in the Liga ABF's table. BM Sagunto is the most successful team with twenty titles, while Mavi Nuevas Tecnologías has won the last edition.
Religion in Yap
Religion in Yap is predominantly Roman Catholic, which first arrived in Yap in the late 1880s. Before that, the Yapese people practiced traditional rituals and practices and held beliefs about the gods, the spirits, taboos, and death. Through the efforts of Capuchin and Jesuit missionaries, the Catholic Church eventually became the dominant church on Yap. Other religions on Yap include Protestantism and other Christian sects.

Yap
Yap (Yapese: Waqab, sometimes written as Wa'ab, Waab or Waqaab) traditionally refers to an island group located in the Caroline Islands of the western Pacific Ocean, a part of Yap State. The name "Yap" in recent years has come to also refer to the state within the Federated States of Micronesia, inclusive of the Yap Main Islands and its various outer islands, the Yap Neighboring Islands. For specifying the island group, the name Yap Main Islands is most exact.
Rock Paintings of Sierra de San Francisco
The Rock Paintings of Sierra de San Francisco are prehistoric rock art pictographs found in the Sierra de San Francisco mountain range in Mulegé Municipality of the northern region of Baja California Sur state, in Mexico.

Mulegé Municipality
Mulegé is the northernmost municipality of the Mexican state of Baja California Sur. It is the largest municipality by area in Mexico, with an area of 33,092.20 km2 (12,777 sq mi). In the 2020 Census, it had a population of 64,022 inhabitants. Isla Natividad is part of the municipality.

The municipal seat is located in Santa Rosalía. The El Vizcaíno Biosphere Reserve is located in the municipality, between the Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of California. With a landmass of over 24,930 km2 (9,625 sq mi), it is the largest wildlife refuge in Mexico and borders on the northern edge of the Valle de los Cirios Protected Area of Flora and Fauna.
Eric Butler
Eric Dudley Butler (7 May 1916 – 7 June 2006) was an Australian political activist and journalist, who in 1946 founded the far-right Australian League of Rights, which he led until 1992. He was known as a staunch anti-communist and anti-Semite. He was a member of the John Birch Society, the organization co-founded by Fred C. Koch, father of the billionaire Koch Brothers.

Fred C. Koch
Fred Chase Koch (/koʊk/ KOHK; September 23, 1900 – November 17, 1967) was an American chemical engineer and entrepreneur who founded the oil refinery firm that later became Koch Industries, a privately held company which – under the principal ownership and leadership of Koch's sons Charles and David – would be listed by Forbes as the second-largest privately held company in the United States in 2015.
Nina Simone at Town Hall
Nina Simone at Town Hall (aka At Town Hall) is the first live album by Nina Simone, released in December 1959. It was her third album of that year, her second album for Colpix Records, and her first live album. The basis for the record was Simone's performance at the Town Hall, New York, on 12 September 1959. All of the songs performed at the concert are on the album; however, three of the tracks are studio versions cut the following month.

The Amazing Nina Simone
The Amazing Nina Simone is the second studio album by Nina Simone, released in July 1959. It was her second album, and her first recording for Colpix Records. The album contains a variety of material, including jazz, gospel, and folk songs. Compared to her debut, which showcased Simone's piano playing ability in addition to her singing, the piano was downplayed on Amazing in favor of string arrangements.
Oocyte abnormalities
Oocytes are immature egg cells that develop to maturity within a follicle in the ovary. Oocyte abnormalities can occur due to several factors, including premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), other maturation abnormalities, maternal ageing, and mitochondrial abnormalities.

Luteinizing hormone
Luteinizing hormone (LH, also known as luteinising hormone, lutropin and sometimes lutrophin) is a hormone produced by gonadotropic cells in the anterior pituitary gland. The production of LH is regulated by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus. In females, an acute rise of LH known as an LH surge, triggers ovulation and development of the corpus luteum. In males, where LH had also been called interstitial cell stimulating hormone (ICSH), it stimulates Leydig cell production of testosterone. It acts synergistically with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
National Guard (El Salvador)
The National Guard (Spanish: Guardia Nacional) was the national gendarmerie of El Salvador.

The National Guard of El Salvador was founded in 1912 by President Dr. Manuel Enrique Araujo as a branch of the Salvadoran Army for policing rural areas. The National Guard was reorganized into a separate civilian force based on the Spanish Civil Guard, and served with distinction during the Football War. The National Guard developed a reputation for police brutality and human rights abuses in El Salvador, and was disbanded on 16 January 1992 as part of the Chapultepec Peace Accords to end the Salvadoran Civil War.

M1 helmet
The M1 helmet is a combat helmet that was used by the United States Armed Forces from 1941 to approximately 1985. Designed to replace the M1917 helmet, a variant of the British Brodie helmet used during World War I, the M1 helmet is known for having been used as the primary American combat headgear during World War II, with similarly extensive use in the Korean War and the Vietnam War. Owing to its extensive use throughout World War II and the Cold War, the M1 helmet has become an icon of the U.S. military, with its design inspiring copies and derivative designs used by other militaries around the world.

In 1985 the PASGT helmet, another similarly iconic and influential combat helmet design, was introduced and the M1 helmet began to be phased out. Some M1 helmets and their derivatives remain in service with several national militaries in the 21st century, although most have been relegated to being part of certain ceremonial uniforms, such as those of honor guards.
Spartacus to the Gladiators at Capua
"Spartacus to the Gladiators at Capua" is a rhetorical monologue written by Elijah Kellogg for a student competition at Bowdoin College in 1842, and later published by Epes Sargent, one of the judges, in his 1846 School Reader. The piece, written as if it were an actual declamation by Spartacus to his fellows during the slave rebellion against the Roman Empire known as the Third Servile War, became popular in collections of rhetoric in the late 19th century.

Monologue
In theatre, a monologue (also spelled monolog in American English) (in Greek: μονόλογος, from μόνος mónos, "alone, solitary" and λόγος lógos, "speech") is a speech presented by a single character, most often to express their thoughts aloud, though sometimes also to directly address another character or the audience. Monologues are common across the range of dramatic media (plays, films, etc.), as well as in non-dramatic media such as poetry. Monologues share much in common with several other literary devices including soliloquies, apostrophes, and asides. There are, however, distinctions between each of these devices.
Institute of Molecular Biology
The Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB) is a modern research centre on the campus of the Johannes Gutenberg University in Mainz, Germany. It is funded by the Boehringer Ingelheim Foundation and the state of Rheinland Palatinate. The scientists at IMB primarily conduct basic science in developmental biology, epigenetics, ageing, genome stability and related areas.

Telomere
A telomere (/ˈtɛləmɪər, ˈtiːlə-/;  from Ancient Greek  τέλος (télos) 'end' and  μέρος (méros) 'part') is a region of repetitive nucleotide sequences associated with specialized proteins at the ends of linear chromosomes (see Sequences). Telomeres are a widespread genetic feature most commonly found in eukaryotes. In most or even all species possessing them, they protect the terminal regions of chromosomal DNA from progressive degradation and ensure the integrity of linear chromosomes by preventing DNA repair systems from mistaking the very ends of the DNA strand for a double-strand break.
Future Integrated Soldier Technology
The Future Integrated Soldier Technology (or FIST), sometimes incorrectly referred to as the Future Infantry System Technology or Future Infantry Soldier Technology, was a project by the British Army which aims to enhance the infantry's combat effectiveness in the 21st century as part of the Future Soldier project. The contract was awarded to Thales in March 2003.

The goal is to integrate a modular system of all equipment, weapons and their sighting systems, radios that the individual soldier carries or uses, in order to increase their overall effectiveness on the battlefield.

The programme is managed by the Dismounted Close Combat Integrated Project Team at Defence Equipment and Support, MoD Abbey Wood in Bristol.

Defence Equipment and Support
Defence Equipment and Support (DE&S) is a trading entity and joint-defence organisation within the UK Ministry of Defence. It began operating on 2 April 2007, following the merger of the MoD's Defence Procurement Agency and the Defence Logistics Organisation, under the Chief Executive Officer of Defence Equipment and Support.

In 2022, the DE&S workforce was around 11,500 with the majority based at MoD Abbey Wood in Bristol.
Open flap debridement
In dentistry, open flap debridement is a periodontal procedure in which the supporting alveolar bone and root surfaces of teeth are exposed by incising the gingiva to provide increased access for scaling and root planing.  While the efficacy of this treatment is debated, it is almost always performed ancillary to any osseous resective or regenerative periodontal procedures.

Scaling and root planing
Scaling and root planing, also known as conventional periodontal therapy, non-surgical periodontal therapy or deep cleaning, is a procedure involving removal of dental plaque and calculus (scaling or debridement) and then smoothing, or planing, of the (exposed) surfaces of the roots, removing cementum or dentine that is impregnated with calculus, toxins, or microorganisms, the agents that cause inflammation. It is a part of non-surgical periodontal therapy. This helps to establish a periodontium that is in remission of periodontal disease. Periodontal scalers and periodontal curettes are some of the tools involved.

A regular, non-deep teeth cleaning includes tooth scaling, tooth polishing, and debridement if too much tartar has accumulated, but does not include root planing.