hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2006 Toowoomba Water Futures referendum
On 29 July 2006, the City of Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia held a referendum on the controversial issue of using recycled water from the city's sewers as a source for drinking water.

This proposal, the public debate, the referendum and associated campaigns for both the "Yes" and "No" positions, attracted statewide and national interest.

The "Yes" position, championed by the mayor of Toowoomba, Di Thorley, and backed by the council staff and Toowoomba Water Futures project, faced opposition from a minority of councillors led by Councillor Lyle Shelton  (Who unsuccessfully ran as a National Party candidate for Toowoomba North in the 2006 Queensland state election)  and former mayor and MLA for Toowoomba South Clive Berghofer and grassroots campaigner Rosemary Morley.

City of Toowoomba
The City of Toowoomba was a local government area on the border of Darling Downs and South East Queensland regions of Queensland, Australia, encompassing the centre and inner suburbs of the regional city of Toowoomba. The City covered an area of 116.5 square kilometres (45.0 sq mi), and existed as a local government entity in various forms from 1860 until 2008, when it amalgamated with several other councils in the surrounding area to form the Toowoomba Region.
Amari distance
The Amari distance, also known as Amari index and Amari metric is a similarity measure between two invertible matrices, useful for checking for convergence in independent component analysis algorithms and for comparing solutions. It is named after Japanese information theorist Shun'ichi Amari and was originally introduced as a performance index for blind source separation.

For two invertible matrices , it is defined as:

It is non-negative and cancels if and only if  is a scale and permutation matrix, i.e. the product of a diagonal matrix and a permutation matrix. The Amari distance is invariant to permutation and scaling of the columns of  and .

Independent component analysis
In signal processing, independent component analysis (ICA) is a computational method for separating a multivariate signal into additive subcomponents. This is done by assuming that at most one subcomponent is Gaussian and that the subcomponents are statistically independent from each other. ICA was invented by Jeanny Hérault and Christian Jutten in 1985. ICA is a special case of blind source separation. A common example application of ICA is the "cocktail party problem" of listening in on one person's speech in a noisy room.
National Air Pollution Monitoring Network
The National Air Pollution Monitoring Network (NABEL) is a joint project of the Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (BAFU) and the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA), based in Dübendorf, in the canton of Zurich.

Dübendorf
Dübendorf is a municipality in the district of Uster in the canton of Zürich in Switzerland.

It is a suburb of Zürich in Switzerland with a population of about 30,000 (2021).  It is the fourth largest city in the canton, after Zürich, Winterthur, and Uster.
Sergey Frantsev
Sergey Sergeyevich Frantsev (Russian: Серге́й Серге́евич Фра́нцев; born 17 March 1959) is a Russian professional football coach and a former player. He is the manager of Russian Amateur Football League club Kirovetz-Voskhozhdeniye St. Petersburg.

2017 Meistriliiga
The 2017 Meistriliiga (known as A. Le Coq Premium Liiga for sponsorship reasons) was the 27th season of the Meistriliiga, the top Estonian league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1992. The season began on 3 March 2017 and concluded on 4 November 2017. FCI Tallinn began the season as defending champions of the 2016 season.

Flora won their 11th Meistriliiga title following a 2–0 home win over Tammeka on 28 October 2017.
Matri Bhandar
Matri Bhandar (Bengali: মাতৃ ভাণ্ডার) is a Bangladeshi traditional confectionery store well known for Rasmalai. The taste of Rasmalai of Matri Bhandar has been appreciated in various national and international important places and events. Rasmalai of Matribhandar is on the list of favorite food of various famous and important personalities. Among them are Earl Robert Miller and Geeta Pasi, who expressed their love for Matri Bhandar's product.

Confectionery store
A confectionery store or confectionery shop (more commonly referred to as a sweet shop in the United Kingdom, a candy shop or candy store in North America, or a lolly shop in Australia and New Zealand) is a store that sells confectionery, whose intended targeted marketing audiences are children and adolescents. Most confectionery stores are filled with an assortment of sweets far larger than a grocer or convenience store could accommodate. They frequently provide a variety of international sweets and retro delicacies. Very often unchanged in layout since their inception, confectioneries are known for their warming and nostalgic feel, specifically one that brings back childhood memories.
Robert Hosmer Morse House
The Robert Hosmer Morse House is a historic house at 1301 Knollwood Circle in Lake Forest, Illinois. Built in 1932, the house served as a summer home for businessman Robert Hosmer Morse and his family. The architectural firm of Zimmerman, Saxe & Zimmerman designed the house, which combined elements of the Moderne and Art Deco styles. As the wealthy residents of Lake Forest typically used traditional designs for their homes, the modern architectural styles were an unusual choice. The house's design features a stucco exterior, a horizontal emphasis throughout, casement windows, decorative limestone around the front entrance, and a recessed third floor.

The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 10, 2000.

Lake Forest, Illinois
Lake Forest is a city in Lake County, Illinois, United States. The population was 19,367 at the 2020 census. The city is along the shore of Lake Michigan, and is part of the Chicago metropolitan area and the North Shore. Lake Forest was founded with Lake Forest College and was laid out as a town in 1857, a stop for travelers making their way south to Chicago. The Lake Forest City Hall, designed by Charles Sumner Frost, was completed in 1898. It originally housed the fire department, the Lake Forest Library, and city offices.
Guoliang Village
Guoliang (Chinese: 郭亮村; pinyin: Guōliàng Cūn) is a village of Tongguan Subdistrict in Wangcheng District, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China. The village has an area of 9.1 km2 (3.5 sq mi) with rough population of 3,899 in 2016 and it was divided into 37 villagers' groups. The village is named after the worker's movement leader Guo Liang.

Wangcheng, Changsha
Wangcheng District (simplified Chinese: 望城区; traditional Chinese: 望城區; pinyin: Wàngchéng Qū) is one of six urban districts of the prefecture-level city of Changsha, the capital of Hunan Province, China. It is the largest district of Changsha by area. The district is bordered to the north by Miluo City and Xiangyin County of Yueyang, to the west by Heshan District of Yiyang and Ningxiang County, to the south by Yuelu and Kaifu Districts, to the east by Changsha County. Located in the northsouth of the City proper in Changsha, Wangcheng covers 951.06 km2 (367.21 sq mi) with registered population of 560,567 and resident population of 562,100 (as of 2014). The district has 10 subdistricts and 5 towns under its jurisdiction, with its administrative centre at Gaotangling Subdistrict.
Peter, Utah
Peter also known as Petersboro is a census-designated place (CDP) on the west-central edge of Cache County, Utah, United States. The population was 623 at the 2020 census. It is included in the Logan, Utah-Idaho (partial) Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Logan, Utah
Logan is a city in Cache County, Utah, United States. The 2020 census recorded the population at 52,778. Logan is the county seat of Cache County and the principal city of the Logan metropolitan area, which includes Cache County and Franklin County, Idaho. The Logan metropolitan area contained 147,908 people as of the 2020 census. Logan has the main campus of Utah State University.
Robert Dougatt
Robert Dougatt (1683–1730) was an Anglican priest and librarian in Ireland in the first half of the  18th-century.

Dougatt was the nephew (sister's son) of William King, Archbishop of Dublin. He was born in Castlecaulfield and educated at Trinity College, Dublin.  He was Archdeacon of Dublin from 1715 to 1719;  and Precentor of St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin from 1719 until his death. He was also the librarian of Marsh's Library, Dublin, from 1719 to 1730, and compiled the first catalogue of the library.

Archdeacon of Dublin
The Archdeacon of Dublin is a senior ecclesiastical officer within the Anglican Diocese of Dublin and Glendalough. The Archdeacon is responsible for the disciplinary supervision of the clergy within the Dublin part of the diocese, which is by far the largest.

The archdeaconry can trace its history back to Torquil, who held the office at some point during Lorcán Ua Tuathail's reign as Archbishop of Dublin and is theorised by George Thomas Stokes to have been of Danish descent. The current incumbent is David Pierpoint. In between, many of them went on to higher office:

William Chaumbre

Geoffrey de Turville

Nicholas de Clere

Nicholas Hill

Robert Dyke

Thomas Bache

Henry Ussher

Launcelot Bulkeley

Richard Reader

Enoch Reader

Richard Pococke

Robert Fowler

James Saurin

John Winthrop Crozier

Samuel Greenfield Poyntz

Noel Vincent Willoughby

Robert Warke

Gordon Linney
Shannon Wakeman
Shannon Wakeman (born 15 February 1990), also known by the nickname of TS Wakeman, is an Italy international rugby league footballer who last contracted to the Huddersfield Giants in the Super League. He plays as a prop.

NSW Cup
The NSW Cup, currently known as the Knock-On Effect NSW Cup for sponsorship reasons, is a rugby league competition for clubs in New South Wales. The competition has a history dating back to the NSWRFL's origins in 1908, starting off as a reserve grade competition, and is now the premier open age competition in the state. The New South Wales Cup, along with the Queensland Cup, acts as a feeder competition to the National Rugby League premiership. The competition is the oldest continuous rugby league competition in Australia.

The NSW Cup is contested by reserve squads of NSW-based NRL teams and also includes sides representing teams that once competed at the first grade level in the NSWRL Premiership but no longer field teams in the NRL competition, and teams that have not fielded teams in the NRL competition. The North Sydney Bears are the only team to have competed in every season, since the start of the competition since 1908.
European Tour 2013/2014 – Event 7
The European Tour 2013/2014 – Event 7 (also known as the 2013 Antwerp Open) was a professional minor-ranking snooker tournament that took place between 14 and 17 November 2013 at the Lotto Arena in Antwerp, Belgium.

Judd Trump made the 99th official maximum break during his last 32 match against Mark Selby. This was Trump's first official 147 break and also the second maximum break in the 2013/2014 season.

Mark Allen was the defending champion, but he lost 1–4 against Joe Perry in the last 16.

Mark Selby won his 12th professional title by defeating Ronnie O'Sullivan 4–3 in the final.

Antwerp Open (snooker)
The Antwerp Open was a pro–am minor-ranking snooker tournament, which was part of the Players Tour Championship. The tournament started in 2011 and was staged at the Lotto Arena in Antwerp, Belgium. Mark Selby was the last champion.
Rabindranath Tagore University, Hojai
Rabindranath Tagore University is a public state university located in Hojai, Hojai district, Assam. The university is established by Rabindranath Tagore University Bill, 2017 which was passed by the Government of Assam on 7 September 2017. It was created by upgradation of Hojai College of Hojai, Hojai district.

In August 2024 Dr. Manabendra Dutta Choudhury took charge as 2nd Vice Chancellor of the University. On 7 June 2019, Amalendu Chakraborty took charge as the first Vice-Chancellor of Rabindranath Tagore University. It was named after Rabindranath Tagore, a Nobel laureate polymath, poet, and artist from the Indian subcontinent.

State university (India)
In India, state universities are run and funded by the state government of each of the states of India.

Following the adoption of the Constitution of India in 1950, education became a state responsibility. Following a constitutional change in 1976, it became a joint responsibility of the states and the central government.

As of 23 August 2022, the UGC lists 456 state universities.
2020 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio
The 2020 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio were held on November 3, 2020, to elect the 16 U.S. representatives from the state of Ohio, one from each of the state's 16 congressional districts. The elections coincided with the 2020 U.S. presidential election, as well as other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate and various state and local elections. Primaries were held on April 28, 2020.

2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio
The 2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio were held on November 6, 2018, to elect the 16 U.S. representatives from the U.S. state of Ohio, one from each of the state's 16 congressional districts. The elections coincided with other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate, and various state and local elections.
Hope, Flintshire
Hope (Welsh: Yr Hôb) is a small village and community in Flintshire, north-east Wales. The village is located approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) from the Wales-England border, on the course of the River Alyn, and less than 5 miles from Wrexham.

Hope is one of several villages including Caergwrle, Abermorddu and Cefn-y-bedd which together form the community. At the 2001 Census, community the population was 2,522, increasing to 4,224 at the 2011 Census partly due to boundary changes. One of the major features in the area is Hope Mountain (Mynydd yr Hob), to the west of the village.

Cefn-y-bedd
Cefn-y-bedd (Welsh pronunciationⓘ) is a village in Flintshire, north-east Wales.

The name translates into English as "the ridge of the grave", in reference to an old tumulus which a local tale said was the burial place of Gwrle Gawr, the legendary figure after whom Caergwrle was said to be named.

Cefn-y-bedd is on the A541 road to the south of its junction with the A550 road at Abermorddu. The village is served by Cefn-y-Bedd railway station on the Borderlands Line, linking Wrexham and Bidston on the Wirral Peninsula.

It is in the community of Llanfynydd, Flintshire.
Filkins and Broughton Poggs
Filkins and Broughton Poggs is a civil parish in West Oxfordshire, on the Oxfordshire county boundary with Gloucestershire. The parish includes the villages of Filkins and Broughton Poggs, which were separate civil parishes until they were merged in 1954. The population in the 2011 Census was 434.

West Oxfordshire
West Oxfordshire is a local government district in northwest Oxfordshire, England, including towns such as Woodstock, Burford, Chipping Norton, Charlbury, Carterton and Witney, where the council is based.
Athertonia
Athertonia is a monotypic genus of plants in the family Proteaceae. The sole described species is Athertonia diversifolia, commonly known as Atherton oak, athertonia, creamy silky oak or white oak. It is endemic to a small part of the Wet Tropics of Queensland, Australia. A relative of the macadamia, it has potential in horticulture and the bushfood industry.

Macadamia
Macadamia is a genus of four species of trees in the flowering plant family Proteaceae. They are indigenous to Australia—specifically, northeastern New South Wales and central and southeastern Queensland. Two species of the genus are commercially important for their fruit, the macadamia nut /ˌmækəˈdeɪmiə/ (or simply macadamia). Global production in 2025 was 344,000 tonnes (379,000 short tons). Other names include Queensland nut, bush nut, maroochi nut or bauple nut. It was an important source of bushfood for the Aboriginal peoples.

The nut was first commercially produced on a wide scale in Hawaii, where Australian seeds were introduced in the 1880s, and which for more than a century was the world's largest producer. South Africa has been the world's largest producer of the macadamia since the 2010s.

The macadamia is the only widely grown food plant that is native to Australia.
(R)-2,3-Dihydroxy-isovalerate
(R)-2,3-Dihydroxy-isovalerate, also known as α,β-dihydroxyisovalerate, is an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids, particularly valine, leucine, and isoleucine. This organic compound plays a crucial role in several metabolic pathways, including the superpathway of leucine, valine, and isoleucine biosynthesis, as well as pantothenate and coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthesis. It is produced from 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid by the enzyme ketol-acid reductoisomerase (EC 1.1.1.86) and is subsequently converted to 2-oxoisovalerate by the enzyme dihydroxy-acid dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.9).

Valine
Valine (symbol Val or V) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated −NH3+ form under biological conditions), an α-carboxylic acid group (which is in the deprotonated −COO− form under biological conditions), and a side chain isopropyl group, making it a non-polar aliphatic amino acid. Valine is essential in humans, meaning the body cannot synthesize it; it must be obtained from dietary sources which are foods that contain proteins, such as meats, dairy products, soy products, beans and legumes. It is encoded by all codons starting with GU (GUU, GUC, GUA, and GUG).
2022 CS Nepela Memorial
The 2022 CS Nepela Memorial was held from September 29 to October 1, 2022, in Bratislava, Slovakia. It was the fourth event of the 2022–23 ISU Challenger Series. Medals were awarded in men's singles, women's singles, and ice dance.

2022–23 ISU Challenger Series
The 2022–23 ISU Challenger Series was held from September to December 2022. It was the ninth season that the ISU Challenger Series, a group of senior-level international figure skating competitions, was held.
Retinosaurus
Retinosaurus (meaning "amber lizard") is an extinct genus of scincomorph lizard from the Early Cretaceous of Myanmar. The genus contains a single species, Retinosaurus hkamtiensis, known from a specimen preserved in amber.

Scincomorpha
Scincomorpha is an infraorder and clade of lizards including skinks (Scincidae) and their close relatives. These include the living families Cordylidae (girdled lizards), Gerrhosauridae (plated lizards), and Xantusiidae (night lizards), as well as many extinct taxa. Other roughly equivalent terms include the suborder Scinciformata, or the superfamily Scincoidea, though different authors use these terms in a broader or more restricted usage relative to true skinks. They first appear in the fossil record about 170 million years ago, during the Jurassic period.
Yannis Smaragdakis
Yannis Smaragdakis  (Greek: Γιάννης Σμαραγδάκης; born 31 March 1972) is a Greek-American software engineer, computer programmer, and researcher. He is a professor in the Department of Informatics and Telecommunications at the University of Athens. He is the author of more than 130 research articles on a variety of topics, including program analysis, declarative languages, program generators, language design, and concurrency. He is best known for work in program generation and program analysis (including the monograph “Pointer Analysis”) and the Doop framework.

OOPSLA
Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages & Applications (OOPSLA) is an annual ACM research conference. OOPSLA mainly takes place in the United States, while the sister conference of OOPSLA, ECOOP, is typically held in Europe.  It is operated by the Special Interest Group for Programming Languages (SIGPLAN) group of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM).

OOPSLA has been instrumental in helping object-oriented programming develop into a mainstream programming paradigm. It has also helped incubate a number of related topics, including design patterns, refactoring, aspect-oriented programming, model-driven engineering, agile software development, and domain specific languages.

The first OOPSLA conference was held in Portland, Oregon, in 1986. As of 2010, OOPSLA became a part of the SPLASH conference. SPLASH stands for Systems, Programming, Languages, and Applications: Software for Humanity.
Mário Moniz Pereira
Mário Moniz Pereira (February 11, 1921 – July 31, 2016) was a teacher, sportsman, athlete, coach, songwriter and sports director. A noted athletics coach for both Sporting Clube de Portugal's (Sporting CP) athletics department and the Portuguese Athletics Federation where he worked as a technical director, he was also a vice president of Sporting CP. He was the coach of Olympic medalist Carlos Lopes, among other noted athletes. Established by Sporting Portugal, the international athletics meeting Meeting de Atletismo Professor Moniz Pereira is named in his honor.

Order of Prince Henry
The Order of Prince Henry (Portuguese: Ordem do Infante Dom Henrique) is a Portuguese order of knighthood created on 2 June 1960, to commemorate the quincentenary of the death of the Portuguese infante Prince Henry the Navigator, one of the main initiators of the Age of Discovery. Minor reforms of the constitution of the Order occurred in 1962 and 1980.

It is a five-tier order, whose titles are awarded for relevant services to Portugal and for services in the expansion of the Portuguese culture, its history and its values (with a particular focus on its maritime history). The number of members in each grade is restricted by its constitution, and titles are conferred by special decree by the Grand Master of the Order, i.e., the President of Portugal.
Cumbum, Andhra Pradesh Assembly constituency
Cumbum was one of the 294 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh in India. It was in Prakasam district and was dissolved before the 2009 elections. Most of its area is now part of the Giddalur Assembly constituency.

Giddalur Assembly constituency
Giddalur Assembly constituency is a constituency in Markapuram district of Andhra Pradesh that elects  representatives to the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly in India. It is one of the seven assembly segments of Ongole Lok Sabha constituency.

Muthumula Ashok Reddy is the current MLA of the constituency, having won the 2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election from Telugu Desam Party. As of 2024, there are a total of 232,920 electors in the constituency. The constituency was established in 1955, as per the Delimitation Orders (1955).