hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Glossary of video terms
This glossary defines terms that are used in the document "Defining Video Quality Requirements: A Guide for Public Safety", developed by the Video Quality in Public Safety (VQIPS) Working Group. It contains terminology and explanations of concepts relevant to the video industry. The purpose of the glossary is to inform the reader of commonly used vocabulary terms in the video domain. This glossary was compiled from various industry sources.

Noise (video)
Noise, commonly known as static, white noise, static noise, or snow, in analog video, CRTs and television, is a random dot pixel pattern of static displayed when no transmission signal is obtained by the antenna receiver of television sets and other display devices.
Australian Patience
Australian Patience is a patience or card solitaire using one deck of playing cards. This game is a challenging combination of Klondike and Scorpion, and is also closely related to Yukon. The object of the game is to move all of the cards to the Foundations.

Scorpion (solitaire)
Scorpion is a patience or solitaire card game  using a deck of 52 playing cards. Although somewhat related to Spider, the method of game play is akin to Yukon. The object of this game is to form four columns of suit sequence cards from king down to ace.
Colonsay Group
The Colonsay Group is an estimated 5,000 m thick sequence of mildly metamorphosed Neoproterozoic sedimentary rocks that outcrop on the islands of Colonsay, Islay and Oronsay and the surrounding seabed. They have been correlated with the Grampian Group, the oldest part of the Dalradian Supergroup.

Grampian Group
The Grampian Group is an estimated 9,000 m thick sequence of metamorphosed Neoproterozoic sedimentary rocks that outcrop across the Central Highlands of Scotland, east of the Great Glen. It forms a part of the Dalradian Supergroup. The sequence thickness at any one place is limited to 5km.
2013 Yeongwol Challenger Tennis
The 2013 Yeongwol Challenger Tennis was a professional tennis tournament played on carpet courts. It was the 1st edition of the tournament which was part of the 2013 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Yeongwol, South Korea between November 4 and 10, 2013.

2013 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour is the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP). The 2013 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 149 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $35,000 up to $220,000.
Koroška Bela
Koroška Bela (pronounced [kɔˈɾóːʃka ˈbéːla]; German: Kärntner Vellach) is a settlement in the Municipality of Jesenice in northwestern Slovenia. The village has long been a center of iron mining and processing; until recently a majority of its inhabitants were employed in the steel industry.

Prince-Bishopric of Brixen
The Prince-Bishopric of Brixen (German: Hochstift Brixen, Fürstbistum Brixen, Bistum Brixen) was an ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire in the present-day northern Italian province of South Tyrol. It should not be confused with the larger Catholic diocese, over which the prince-bishops exercised only the ecclesiastical authority of an ordinary bishop. The bishopric in the Eisack/Isarco valley was established in the 6th century and gradually received more secular powers. It gained imperial immediacy in 1027 and remained an Imperial Estate until 1803, when it was secularised to Tyrol. The diocese, however, existed until 1964, and is now part of the Diocese of Bolzano-Brixen.
Mount Minto (Antarctica)
Mount Minto (71°47′S 168°45′E﻿ / ﻿71.783°S 168.750°E﻿ / -71.783; 168.750﻿ (Mount Minto)) is a lofty, mostly ice-free mountain rising to 4,163 metres (13,658 ft), located 2.5 nautical miles (4.6 km; 2.9 mi) east of Mount Adam in the central portion of the Admiralty Mountains, Victoria Land, Antarctica.

Robertson Bay
Robertson Bay (71°25′S 170°00′E﻿ / ﻿71.417°S 170.000°E﻿ / -71.417; 170.000) is a large, roughly triangular bay that indents the north coast of Victoria Land between Cape Barrow and Cape Adare. Discovered in 1841 by Captain James Clark Ross, Royal Navy, who named it for Dr. John Robertson, surgeon on HMS Terror.
Shurabeh-ye Marate
Shurabeh-ye Marate (Persian: شورابه مراتع, also Romanized as Shūrābeh-ye Marāteʿ) is a village in Bijnavand Rural District, in the Zagros District of Chardavol County, Ilam Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 272, in 46 families. The village is populated by Kurds.

Bijnavand Rural District
Bijnavand Rural District (Persian: دهستان بيجنوند) is in Zagros District of Chardavol County, Ilam province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Zir Tang. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Balavah Tareh-ye Sofla, now the city of Balavah.
SpVgg Landshut
The SpVgg Landshut is a German association football club from the city of Landshut, Bavaria. Both the clubs men and women's football teams have in the past played in the highest state league, the Bayernliga.

Bayernliga
The Bayernliga (English: Bavarian league) is the highest amateur football league and the second highest football league (under the Regionalliga Bayern) in the state of Bavaria (German: Bayern) and the Bavarian football league system. It is one of fourteen Oberligas in German football, the fifth tier of the German football league system. Until the introduction of the 3. Liga in 2008 it was the fourth tier of the league system, until the introduction of the Regionalligas in 1994 the third tier.

From the 2012–13 season onwards, the league has been divided once more into a northern and a southern division, having previously placed in single division format since 1963. The league sits directly under the Regionalliga Bayern and above the Landesligas, which were expanded in number from three to five at the end of the 2011–12 season.
Porepunkah police shootings
On the morning of 26 August 2025, police officers Neal Thompson and Vadim De Waart-Hottart were killed in a shooting at a property near the regional Victorian town of Porepunkah, Australia, while attempting to execute a warrant. A third officer was injured. The alleged shooter, Dezi Bird Freeman, a self-proclaimed sovereign citizen known to police, fled into the dense bushland of Mount Buffalo National Park.

A manhunt involving hundreds of police officers ensued, with Victoria Police supported by interstate police forces, the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation and the Australian Defence Force. Freeman has been on the run for 185 days, with no confirmed sightings since the shootings.

The number of officers involved in the manhunt was unprecedented in Australian history and there is a A$1 million reward for information leading to his arrest, which is the largest reward ever offered in Victorian history.

Bushcraft
Bushcraft is the use and practice of skills to survive and thrive in a natural environment. Bushcraft skills include foraging, hunting, fishing, firecraft, and tying knots. Woodcraft is a subset of bushcraft that focuses on survival skills for use in woodland or forest environments. Fieldcraft is a military or tactical form of bushcraft.
Brachymyrmex
Brachymyrmex is a genus in the ants subfamily Formicinae. The genus can be recognized by the combination of having nine antennal segments (fewer than most ants) and the petiole concealed by the gaster in dorsal view. They are sometimes called "rover ants".

Formicinae
The Formicinae are a subfamily within the Formicidae family containing ants of moderate evolutionary development.

Formicines retain some primitive features, such as the presence of cocoons around pupae, the presence of ocelli in workers, and little tendency toward reduction of palp or antennal segmentation in most species, except subterranean groups. Extreme modification of mandibles is rare, except in the genera Myrmoteras and Polyergus. However, some members show considerable evolutionary advancement in behaviors such as slave-making and symbiosis with root-feeding hemipterans. Finally, all formicines have very reduced stings and enlarged venom reservoirs, with the venom gland, specialized (uniquely among ants) for the production of formic acid.

All members of the Formicinae "have a one-segmented petiole in the form of a vertical scale".
Etiocholanedione
Etiocholanedione, also known as 5β-androstanedione or as etiocholane-3,17-dione, is a naturally occurring etiocholane (5β-androstane) steroid and an endogenous metabolite of androgens like testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and androstenedione. It is the C5 epimer of androstanedione (5α-androstanedione). Although devoid of androgenic activity like other 5β-reduced steroids, etiocholanedione has some biological activity of its own. The compound has been found to possess potent haematopoietic effects in a variety of models. In addition, it has been found to promote weight loss in animals and in a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study in humans conducted in 1993. These effects are said to be similar to those of DHEA. Unlike DHEA however, etiocholanedione cannot be metabolized further into steroid hormones like androgens and estrogens.

Androstenedione
Androstenedione, or 4-androstenedione (abbreviated as A4 or Δ4-dione), also known as androst-4-ene-3,17-dione, is an endogenous weak androgen steroid hormone and intermediate in the biosynthesis of estrone and of testosterone from dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). It is closely related to androstenediol (androst-5-ene-3β,17β-diol).
2020 Boys' EuroHockey U18 Championship
The 2020 Boys' EuroHockey Youth Championships was scheduled to be the 11th edition of the Boys' EuroHockey Youth Championship, the biennial international boys' under-18 field hockey championship of Europe organized by the European Hockey Federation. It was scheduled to be held alongside the women's tournament in Kazan, Russia from 12 to 18 July 2020.

The tournament was canceled on 31 March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe.

Boys' EuroHockey U18 Championship
The EuroHockey Youth Championship is an international boys' and girls' under–18 field hockey competition organised by the European Hockey Federation (EHF). It is held biannually and is the top level Youth Championship for the under–18 age group.

Spain boys' and the Netherlands girls' teams are the current champions.
Bolgheri
Bolgheri (Italian: [ˈbolgeri]) is a central Italian village and hamlet (frazione) of Castagneto Carducci, a municipality (comune) in the province of Livorno, Tuscany. in 2011 it had a population of 131.

Bordeaux wine
Bordeaux wine (Occitan: vin de Bordèu; French: vin de Bordeaux) is produced in the Bordeaux region of southwest France, around the city of Bordeaux, on the Garonne River. To the north of the city, the Dordogne River joins the Garonne forming the broad estuary called the Gironde; the Gironde department, with a total vineyard area of 110,800 hectares, is the second largest wine-growing area in France behind the Languedoc-Rousillon.

Average vintages produce over 700 million bottles of wine, ranging from large quantities of daily table wine to some of the world's most expensive and prestigious wines. The vast majority of wine produced in Bordeaux is red (sometimes called "claret" in Britain), with sweet white wines (most notably Sauternes), dry whites, and (in much smaller quantities) rosé and sparkling wines (Crémant de Bordeaux) collectively making up the remainder. Bordeaux wine is made by more than 5,660 producers or châteaux. There are 65 appellations of Bordeaux wine.
Gōtoku Sakai
Gōtoku Sakai (酒井 高徳, Sakai Gōtoku; born 14 March 1991) is a professional footballer who plays as a left-back for Vissel Kobe. He was born in the United States but raised in Japan, where he represented internationally.

J1 League
The J1 League (Japanese: J1リーグ, Hepburn: Jē-wan Rīgu), a.k.a. the J.League or the Meiji Yasuda J1 League (Japanese: 明治安田J1リーグ, Hepburn: Meiji Yasuda Jē-wan Rīgu) for sponsorship reasons, is a professional association football league in Japan and the highest level of the Japanese football league system.

Contested by 20 clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the J2 League. Both the J1 and J2 leagues are operated by the Japan Professional Football League (日本プロサッカーリーグ, Nihon Puro Sakkā Rīgu).

Founded in 1992, it is one of the most successful leagues in Asian professional club football history. It was known as the J.League from 1993 to 1998 before becoming a two-division league, and as J.League Division 1 from 1999 to 2014. The current champions are Kashima Antlers, who won a record-extending ninth J.League title and a record-breaking ninth top flight title in the 2025 season.
Jeff Cook (soccer coach)
Jeff Cook is an American soccer coach. He was most recently the head men's soccer coach at Pennsylvania State University.  Cook resigned from Penn State in November 2025 to take a position within Major League Soccer.

Philadelphia Union
The Philadelphia Union are an American professional soccer club based in the Philadelphia metropolitan area. The club competes in Major League Soccer (MLS) as a member of the Eastern Conference. Founded on February 28, 2008, the Union began playing in 2010 as an expansion team. The club's home stadium is Subaru Park, a soccer-specific stadium located in Chester, Pennsylvania, on the banks of the Delaware River.

The Union are currently owned by Keystone Sports & Entertainment, with Jay Sugarman serving as majority owner and chairman of the club. Professional basketball player Kevin Durant serves as a minority owner. The Union finished as runners-up in the 2014, 2015 and 2018 U.S. Open Cup tournaments and the 2022 MLS Cup final. In 2025, Philadelphia secured the Supporters' Shield with their regular season performance, the second in the club's history.
Tutte–Berge formula
In the mathematical discipline of graph theory the Tutte–Berge formula is a characterization of the size of a maximum matching in a graph.  It is a generalization of Tutte's theorem on perfect matchings, and is named after W. T. Tutte (who proved Tutte's theorem) and Claude Berge (who proved its generalization).

Maximum-cardinality matching
Maximum-cardinality matching is a fundamental problem in computational graph theory.
We are given a graph G, and the goal is to find a matching containing as many edges as possible; that is, a maximum cardinality subset of the edges such that each vertex is adjacent to at most one edge of the subset. As each edge will cover exactly two vertices, this problem is equivalent to the task of finding a matching that covers as many vertices as possible.

An important special case of the maximum-cardinality matching problem is when G is a bipartite graph, whose vertices V are partitioned between left vertices in X and right vertices in Y, and edges in E always connect a left vertex to a right vertex. In this case, the problem can be efficiently solved with simpler algorithms than in the general case.

There are nonconstructive characterization theorems for the size of a maximum matching.  This article is about computation of maximum matchings.
Nickelodeon (French TV channel)
Nickelodeon is a French pay television channel and is the local variant of the American children's network Nickelodeon in France, as well as in other French-speaking countries such as of Switzerland, Monaco, Overseas France, and Francophone Africa. The network has two sister networks, Nickelodeon Junior and Nicktoons.

The network is solely branded as "Nickelodeon" in Francophone regions, with the common branding shortening of "Nick" used in all other markets completely unused due to "Nick" sounding similar to the French swear word niquer.

Canal J
Canal J (stylised as canal J, French pronunciation: [kanal ʒi]) is a French pay television channel dedicated to children's programming. It is aimed at children aged 7 to 12.

On 1 February 2019, M6 Group entered negotiations to acquire the television unit of Lagardère Active including Canal J. The sale was completed on 2 September 2019.
Argentina at the FIFA World Cup
This is a record of Argentina's results at the FIFA World Cup. Argentina is one of the most successful teams in the tournament's history, having won three World Cups: in 1978, 1986, and 2022. Argentina has also been runner-up three times: in 1930, 1990 and 2014. In 18 World Cup tournaments, Argentina has 47 victories in 88 matches. The team was present in all but four of the World Cups, being behind only Brazil and Germany in number of appearances.

César Luis Menotti
César Luis Menotti (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈsesaɾ ˈlwis meˈnoti]; 22 October 1938 – 5 May 2024), known as El Flaco ("Slim"), was an Argentine football player and manager who won the 1978 FIFA World Cup as the head coach of the Argentina national team.

Menotti played as a striker, most notably for Argentine clubs Rosario Central and Boca Juniors. As a manager, he won three cups with Barcelona and also led Atlético Madrid in La Liga in the 1980s, as well as leading Superclásico rivals Boca Juniors and River Plate. He was briefly the manager of Mexico and Italian Serie A club Sampdoria in the 1990s.

During Menotti's tenure as manager of the Argentina national team (from 1974 to 1982), he carried out a project that differed from previous processes, bringing him to be recognised as one of the most influential managers in the history of Argentine football.
Jumping translocation breakpoint
The jumping translocation breakpoint protein (JTB), also known as prostate androgen-regulated protein (PAR), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the JTB gene. It is an orphan receptor with unknown function.

The JTB family of proteins contains several jumping translocation breakpoint proteins or JTBs. Jumping translocation (JT) is an unbalanced translocation that comprises amplified chromosomal segments jumping to various telomeres. JTB has been found to fuse with the telomeric repeats of acceptor telomeres in a case of JT. Homo sapiens JTB (hJTB) encodes a transmembrane protein that is highly conserved among divergent eukaryotic species. JT results in a hJTB truncation, which potentially produces an hJTB product devoid of the transmembrane domain. hJTB is located in a gene-rich region at 1q21, called epidermal differentiation complex (EDC). JTB has also been implicated in prostatic carcinomas.

Telomere
A telomere (/ˈtɛləmɪər, ˈtiːlə-/;  from Ancient Greek  τέλος (télos) 'end' and  μέρος (méros) 'part') is a region of repetitive nucleotide sequences associated with specialized proteins at the ends of linear chromosomes (see Sequences). Telomeres are a widespread genetic feature most commonly found in eukaryotes. In most or even all species possessing them, they protect the terminal regions of chromosomal DNA from progressive degradation and ensure the integrity of linear chromosomes by preventing DNA repair systems from mistaking the very ends of the DNA strand for a double-strand break.
Bismarck brown Y
Bismarck brown Y also called C.I. 21000 and C.I. Basic Brown 1, is a diazo dye with the idealized formula [(H2N)2C6H3N2]2C6H4.  The dye is a mixture of closely related compounds.  It was one of the earliest azo dyes, being described in 1863 by German chemist Carl Alexander von Martius. Martius named the dye after German chancellor Otto von Bismarck. It is used in histology for staining tissues.

Azo dye
Azo dyes are organic compounds bearing the functional group R−N=N−R′, in which R and R′ are usually aryl and substituted aryl groups. They are a commercially important family of azo compounds, i.e. compounds containing the C−N=N−C linkage. Azo dyes are synthetic dyes and do not occur naturally. Most azo dyes contain only one azo group but there are some that contain two or three azo groups, called "diazo dyes" and "triazo dyes" respectively. Azo dyes comprise 60–70% of all dyes used in food and textile industries. Azo dyes are widely used to treat textiles,  leather articles, and some foods. Chemically related derivatives of azo dyes include azo pigments, which are insoluble in water and other solvents.
1961 Targa Florio
The 45° Targa Florio took place on 30 April 1961, on the Circuito Piccolo delle Madonie, (Sicily, Italy).  It was the second round of the F.I.A. World Sports Car Championship, and third round of the FIA GT Cup.

Targa Florio
The Targa Florio was a public road endurance automobile race held in the mountains of Sicily near the island's capital of Palermo. Founded in 1906, it was the oldest sports car racing event, part of the World Sportscar Championship between 1955 and 1973. While the first races consisted of a whole tour of the island, the track length in the race's last decades was limited to the 72 km (45 mi) of the Circuito Piccolo delle Madonie, which was lapped 11 times.

After 1973, it was a national sports car event until it was discontinued in 1977 due to safety concerns. It has since been run as Targa Florio Rally, a rallying event, and is part of the Italian Rally Championship.
Jason Fischer (fighter)
Jason Fischer (born March 3, 1985) is an American mixed martial artist who competes in the Lightweight division. A professional competitor since 2011, he has formerly fought in Bellator, Absolute Championship Berkut and King of the Cage.

2012 in Bellator MMA
2012 in Bellator MMA was the sixth installment of the Bellator Fighting Championships, which began on March 9, 2012. The sixth season of Bellator was originally scheduled to begin on March 2, 2012.  However, the debut was pushed back a week so it began with the show on March 9, 2012.

Mixed martial arts tournaments were held in five weight classes, including the bantamweight, featherweight, lightweight, welterweight and middleweight divisions.
Davies Collection
The Davies Collection is a collection of Libyan revenue stamps from 1955 to 1969, formed from material from the Bradbury Wilkinson Archive, and presented to the British Library Philatelic Collections by John Neville Davies in 1992.

Revenue stamp
A revenue stamp, tax stamp, duty stamp or fiscal stamp is a (usually) adhesive label used to designate collected taxes or fees on documents, tobacco, alcoholic drinks, drugs and medicines, playing cards, hunting licenses, firearm registration, and many other things.  Typically, businesses purchase the stamps from the government (thereby paying the tax), and attach them to taxed items as part of putting the items on sale, or in the case of documents, as part of filling out the form.

Revenue stamps often look very similar to postage stamps, and in some countries and time periods it has been possible to use postage stamps for revenue purposes, and vice versa. Some countries also issued dual-purpose postage and revenue stamps.
Hallodapus
Hallodapus is a genus of true bugs belonging to the family Miridae.

The species of this genus are found in Europe, Africa, Japan, Australia.

Species:

Hallodapus albofasciatus (Motschulsky, 1863)

Hallodapus basilewskyi (Carvalho, 1951)

Hallodapus rufescens

Miridae
The Miridae are a large and diverse insect family at one time known by the taxonomic synonym Capsidae. Species in the family may be referred to as capsid bugs or "mirid bugs". Common names include plant bugs, leaf bugs, and grass bugs. It is the largest family of true bugs (suborder Heteroptera); it includes over 10,000 known species, and new ones are being described constantly. Most widely known mirids are species that are notorious agricultural pests that pierce plant tissues, feed on the sap, and sometimes transmit viral plant diseases. Some species however, are predatory.