hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1978 Colgate Series Championships
The 1978 Colgate Series Championships was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Mission Hills Country Club in Palm Springs, California in the United States that was the season-ending tournament of the 1978 Virginia Slims World Championship Series. It was the second edition of the tournament and was held from November 14 through November 19, 1978. Chris Evert won the singles title and earned $75,000 first-prize money.

1978 WTA Tour
The 1978 WTA Tour consisted of a number of tennis tournaments for female tennis players. It was composed of two subsidiary circuits, the streamlined winter version of the Virginia Slims Circuit (which was now an 11-week tour of the United States) and the world wide Colgate International Series. The tour was administered by the Women's International Professional Tennis Council.
Jose P. Perez
Jose Portugal Perez (December 14, 1946 – August 12, 2021) was a Filipino lawyer who was appointed Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines in 2009. He had served the Supreme Court of the Philippines administration from 1971, starting as technical assistant and attaining the post of court administrator in 2008.  He is the only member of the bench to be appointed from the administration.

Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines
An associate justice of the Supreme Court (Filipino: Kasangguning Mahistrado ng Kataas-taasang Hukuman) is one of fifteen members of the Supreme Court, the highest court in the Philippines. The chief justice presides over the high court, but carries only one of the 15 votes in the court. Traditionally, the chief justice is deemed primus inter pares ("first among equals") among the justices.

Until 1973, only men were appointed as Associate Justices to the Court. Cecilia Muñoz-Palma, an appointee of President Ferdinand Marcos, was the first woman to sit on the court. Since then, 15 other women have been appointed as Associate Justices of the Supreme Court. The most recent woman to be appointed to the high tribunal is Maria Filomena Singh, a former justice of the Court of Appeals of the Philippines on May 18, 2022.
Lankanectes corrugatus
Lankanectes corrugatus (common names: Sri Lanka wart frog, corrugated water frog) is a species of frog in the family Nyctibatrachidae. It was once monotypic within the genus Lankanectes, until the second species - Lankanectes pera was described in 2018 from Knuckles Mountain Range. It is endemic to Sri Lanka.

L. corrugatus is an aquatic frog species inhabiting slow-moving rivers in marshy areas. It is a common species. Threats to it are agrochemical pollution and wetland reclamation for housing and vegetable farms.

Nyctibatrachidae
Nyctibatrachidae is a small family of frogs found in the Western Ghats of India and in Sri Lanka. Their common name is robust frogs. Recognition of Nyctibatrachidae as a family is fairly recent. These frogs were previously placed in the broadly defined family Ranidae, which was more recently divided into three subfamilies: Lankanectinae, Nyctibatrachinae, and Astrobatrachinae.
Former Vicarage, Blaenau Ffestiniog
The former vicarage  is a Grade 2 listed building opposite St. David's Church in Blaenau Ffestiniog, Gwynedd.
It is set behind spear head railings and build to serve the St Davids church. The building was extended in the late 19th century.

The listing mentions that the property (number 16851; reference 44/H/13(2)) is "On the street line opposite St. David's Church and stepped-up from and adjoining Craigbach 3; set behind contemporary spearheaded railings."

Blaenau Ffestiniog
Blaenau Ffestiniog (Welsh pronunciation: [ˈbleɨ̯naɨ̯ fɛstˈɪnjɔɡ]) is a town in Gwynedd, Wales. Once a slate mining centre in historic Merionethshire, it now relies heavily on tourism, drawn to the Ffestiniog Railway and Llechwedd Slate Caverns. It reached a population of 12,000 at the peak development of the slate industry, but fell with the decline in demand for slate. The population of the community, including the nearby village Llan Ffestiniog, was 4,875 at the 2011 census: the fourth most populous in Gwynedd after Bangor, Caernarfon and Llandeiniolen. The population, not including Llan, is now only about 4,000.
6th New York State Legislature
The 6th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from July 8, 1782, to March 27, 1783, during the sixth year of George Clinton's governorship, first at Poughkeepsie, then at Kingston.

Dutchess County, New York
Dutchess County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 295,911. The county seat is the city of Poughkeepsie. The county was created in 1683, one of New York's first twelve counties, and later organized in 1713. Dutchess County is part of the Kiryas Joel–Poughkeepsie–Newburgh metropolitan area, which belongs to the larger New York–Newark–Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA Combined Statistical Area. The county is part of the Hudson Valley region of the state.
L'esule di Roma
L'esule di Roma, ossia Il proscritto (The Exile from Rome, or the Proscribed Man) is a melodramma eroico, or heroic opera, in two acts  by Gaetano Donizetti. Domenico Gilardoni wrote the Italian libretto after Luigi Marchionni's Il proscritto romano, in its turn based on Louis-Charles Caigniez and Debotière's Androclès ou Le lion reconnaissant.  It premiered on 1 January 1828 at the Teatro San Carlo, Naples.

Stanley Sadie
Stanley John Sadie CBE (/ˈseɪdi/; 30 October 1930 – 21 March 2005) was a British musicologist, music critic, and editor. He was editor of the sixth edition of the Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians (1980), which was published as the first edition of The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. Along with Thurston Dart, Nigel Fortune and Oliver Neighbour he was one of Britain's leading musicologists of the post-World War II generation.
2012 Internazionali Femminili di Palermo
The 2012 Internazionali Femminili di Palermo was a professional women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 25th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2012 WTA Tour. It took place in Palermo, Italy between 9 July and 15 July 2012. First-seeded Sara Errani won the singles title.

2012 WTA Tour
The 2012 WTA Tour is the elite professional tennis circuit organized by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for the 2012 tennis season. The 2012 WTA Tour calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments (supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the WTA Premier tournaments (Premier Mandatory, Premier 5, and regular Premier), the WTA International tournaments, the Fed Cup (organized by the ITF), the year-end championships (the WTA Tour Championships and the WTA Tournament of Champions), and the tennis event at the Summer Olympic Games. Also included in the 2012 calendar is the Hopman Cup, which is organized by the ITF and does not distribute ranking points.
HNoMS Gor (1884)
The HNoMS Gor was a Gor-class Rendel gunboat built for the Royal Norwegian Navy at Karljohansvern Naval Yard in Horten in 1884. She was one of a class of two gunboats - the other ship in her class being Tyr. The Gor and Tyr can be seen as improved Vale-class gunboats.

Vale-class gunboat
The Vale class was a class of five Rendel (or "flat-iron") gunboats built for the Royal Norwegian Navy between 1874 and 1878. Small, nimble vessels, they were armed with a single large calibre muzzle-loading gun for offensive purposes and several small, quick firing guns for self-defence.
Van Dam's dwarf worm lizard
Van Dam's dwarf worm lizard (Zygaspis vandami), also known commonly as the sand-dwelling dwarf worm lizard and Van Dam's round-headed worm lizard, is a species of amphisbaenian in the family Amphisbaenidae. The species is native to southern Africa. There are two recognized subspecies.

Donald George Broadley
Donald George Broadley (1932–2016) was an African herpetologist. He described as new to science 115 species and subspecies, and 8 genera and subgenera of reptiles. He was one of the founders of the Herpetological Association of Africa (initially the Herpetological Association of Rhodesia). He earned his doctorate at the University of Natal in 1966. His widow, Sheila Broadley, is also a herpetologist.
Suzdal
Suzdal (Russian: Суздаль, IPA: [ˈsuzdəlʲ]) is a town that serves as the administrative center of Suzdalsky District in Vladimir Oblast, Russia, which is located along the Kamenka tributary of the Nerl River, 26 km (16 mi) north of the city of Vladimir. As of the 2021 Census, its population was 9,286.

In the 12th century, Suzdal became the capital of the principality. Currently, Suzdal is the smallest of the Russian Golden Ring towns. It has several sites listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

Vasili III of Russia
Vasili III Ivanovich (Russian: Василий III Иванович; Christian name: Gavriil; monastic name: Varlaam; 25 March 1479 – 3 December 1533) was Grand Prince of Moscow and all Russia from 1505 until his death in 1533.

He was the second son of Ivan III by his second wife Sophia Paleologue. Following on the ambitions of his father, Vasili annexed Pskov and Ryazan – the last remaining autonomous Russian territories – and captured the city of Smolensk from Lithuania. He also strengthened Russian influence in Kazan and the Volga region. Several nobles were exiled, sentenced, or executed for criticizing his policies.
Harvey Kushner
Harvey Wolf Kushner (born December 9, 1941) is an American scholar of global terrorism. Chair of the Department of Criminal Justice, The Roosevelt School, Long Island University, Brookville, New York. Author of numerous writings and five books on terrorism including the multi-award winning Encyclopedia of Terrorism (SAGE Publications). Chairman of the Praesidium and Academician of the European Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Member of the international editorial board of the American Behavioral Scientist.

Nassau County Police Department
The Nassau County Police Department (also referred to as the Nassau Police and Nassau County Police and abbreviated as NCPD) is the law enforcement agency of Nassau County, on Long Island, New York, United States.
Olavarría Partido
Olavarría Partido is a partido in the central region of Buenos Aires Province in Argentina.

The provincial subdivision has a population of about 104,000 inhabitants in an area of 7,715 km2 (2,979 sq mi), and its capital city is Olavarría, which is around 350 km (220 mi) from Buenos Aires.

Partidos of Buenos Aires
A partido is the second-level administrative subdivision used only in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. They are formally considered to be a single administrative unit, usually contain one or more population centers (i.e., towns and cities), and are divided into localidades. The subdivision in partidos in Buenos Aires Province is distinct from all other provinces of Argentina, which call their second-level subdivisions departamento and are further subdivided into distinct municipalities.
Borghi
Borghi (Romagnol: I Béurch or I Béurgh) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Forlì-Cesena,  Emilia-Romagna, Italy. It is located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) southeast of Bologna and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) southeast of Forlì.

Borghi borders the following municipalities: Longiano, Poggio Berni, Roncofreddo, Santarcangelo di Romagna, Sogliano al Rubicone, Torriana.

Sogliano al Rubicone
Sogliano al Rubicone (Romagnol: Sujén) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Forlì-Cesena in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) southeast of Bologna and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) southeast of Forlì.

Sogliano al Rubicone is renowned for the Formaggio di Fossa cheese.
Indonesian Idol season 3
The third season of Indonesian Idol aired on April 21, 2006 and concluded on August 19, 2006. Indra Lesmana, Titi DJ and Dimas Djayadiningrat all returned as judges, and Indy Barends replaced Meuthia Kasim as the fourth judge. Indy was a former host of talk show Ceriwis. VJ MTV Daniel Mananta was introduced as the new host on Indonesian Idol replacing Irgi Fahrezi.

Ihsan Tarore won the competition with Dirly Sompie as the first runner-up and Ghea Oktarin finishing third. It was the second season to have a finale with two male contestants, with the second season being the first.

Meuthia Kasim
Meuthia "Mukas" Kasim (born August 19, 1968) is a radio announcer, radio personality, and entrepreneur in Indonesia. Meuthia judged in the first and second seasons of Indonesian Idol. During the second season of Indonesian Idol, Meuthia experienced a stroke and has since retired from all public events thus far.
Cat qubit quantum computer
A cat qubit quantum computer is one proposed approach to a large-scale quantum computer based on Schrödinger cat states.

Cat states are superpositions of two coherent states of light. Cat qubits encode quantum information in these states.

They are designed to provide built in protection against certain types of errors, particularly bit flips, making quantum error correction more efficient in superconducting circuits.

The approach is being developed by Alice & Bob and Amazon Web Services (AWS), among others.

Quantum error correction
Quantum error correction (QEC) comprises a set of techniques used in quantum memory and quantum computing to protect quantum information from errors arising from decoherence and other sources of quantum noise. QEC schemes that employ codewords stabilized by a set of commuting operators are known as stabilizer codes, and the corresponding codewords are referred to as quantum error-correcting codes (QECCs).

Conceptually, to use a quantum error-correcting code, one can append ancilla qubits to qubits that need protection, and apply a unitary encoding circuit to rotate the global state into a subspace of a larger Hilbert space. This highly entangled, encoded state corrects for local noisy errors. A quantum error-correcting code makes quantum computation and quantum communication practical by providing a way for a sender and receiver to simulate a noiseless qubit channel given a noisy qubit channel whose noise conforms to a particular error model.
NGC 336
NGC 336 is a spiral galaxy in the constellation Cetus. It was discovered on October 31, 1885 by Francis Leavenworth. It was described by Dreyer as "very faint, small, round, suddenly brighter middle." It is also known as PGC 3470. Despite this, sometimes it is mistakenly identified as PGC 3526.

Cetus (constellation)
Cetus (/ˈsiːtəs/ SEE-təss) is a constellation, sometimes called 'the whale' in English. The Cetus was a sea monster in Greek mythology which both Perseus and Heracles needed to slay. Cetus is in the region of the sky that contains other water-related constellations: Aquarius, Pisces and Eridanus.
New Town Hall (Munich)
48°8′15″N 11°34′32″E﻿ / ﻿48.13750°N 11.57556°E﻿ / 48.13750; 11.57556

The New Town Hall (German: Neues Rathaus) is a town hall that forms the northern part of Marienplatz in Munich, Bavaria, Germany. It hosts the city government including the city council, offices of the mayors and a small portion of the administration. In 1874 the municipality left the Old Town Hall for its new domicile.

House of Welf
The House of Welf (also Guelf or Guelph) is a European dynasty that has included many German and British monarchs from the 11th century to 20th century and Emperor Ivan VI of Russia in the 18th century. The originally Franconian family from the Meuse-Moselle area was closely related to the imperial family of the Carolingians.
Timeline of reactions to the 2020 Hong Kong national security law (March 2021)
Few protests took place in March 2021 and there was no large-scale demonstrations in threat of the national security law. The charge against 47 pro-democracy activists for subversion on participating in a primary election was widely condemned by international community.

Hong Kong Police Force
The Hong Kong Police Force (HKPF) is the primary law enforcement, investigative agency, and largest disciplined service under the Security Bureau of Hong Kong.

Pursuant to the one country, two systems principle, the HKPF is officially independent of the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China, which under usual circumstances may not interfere with Hong Kong’s local law enforcement matters. All HKPF officers are employed as civil servants and therefore required to pledge allegiance to the Hong Kong Basic Law.

The HKPF consists of approximately 34,000 officers, including the Hong Kong Auxiliary Police Force, civil servants, and its Marine Region (3,000 officers and 143 vessels as of 2009).
Witomierz
Witomierz [viˈtɔmjɛʂ] (German: Johannishof) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Karnice, within Gryfice County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) south-east of Karnice, 10 km (6 mi) north-west of Gryfice, and 73 km (45 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Karnice, Gryfice County
Karnice [karˈnit͡sɛ] (German: Karnitz) is a village in Gryfice County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Karnice. It lies approximately 17 km (11 mi) north-west of Gryfice and 76 km (47 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has a population of 690.
Timeline of First Nations history in Canada
The history of the First Nations in Canada is the prehistory and history of present-day Canada's Indigenous peoples from the earliest times to the present day. The prehistory settlement of the Americas is a subject of ongoing debate. First Nation's oral histories and traditional knowledge, combined with new methodologies and technologies—used by archaeologists, linguists, and other researchers—produce new—and sometimes conflicting—evidence.

Many First Nations myths refer to the habitation of North America from time immemorial. There are a number of myths about the world in general and the place of First Nations within that history.

Nisga'a
The Nisga’a (English: /ˈnɪsɡɑː/; Nisga'a: Nisg̱a’a [nisqaʔa]), formerly spelled Nishga or Niska, are an Indigenous people in British Columbia, Canada. They reside in the Nass River valley of northwestern British Columbia. The origin of the term Niska is uncertain. The spelling Nishga is used by the Nishga Tribal Council, and some scholars claim that the term means 'people of the Nass River'. The name is a reduced form of [naːsqaʔ], which is a loan word from Tongass Tlingit, where it means 'people of the Nass River'.

The official languages of Nisg̱a’a are the Nisg̱a’a language and English.
NGC 5917
NGC 5917 is a spiral galaxy located in the constellation of Libra. It was discovered by English astronomer John Herschel on 16 July 1835. This galaxy is located at a distance of 90.4 ± 6.2 million light-years (27.73 ± 1.90 Mpc) from the Milky Way, and is receding with a heliocentric radial velocity of 1,934.1 km/s. It is interacting with the neighboring galaxy, PGC 54817, at an angular separation of 4.2′. Tidal tails extend from PGC 54817 to the halo of NGC 5917.

One supernova has been observed in NGC 5917. SN 1990Q (type II, mag. 18) was discovered by Christian Pollas on 24 June 1990.

Tidal tail
A tidal tail is a thin, elongated region of stars and interstellar gas that extends into space from a galaxy. Tidal tails occur as a result of galactic tide forces between interacting galaxies. Examples of galaxies with tidal tails include the Tadpole Galaxy and the Mice Galaxies. Tidal forces can eject a significant amount of a galaxy's gas into the tail; within the Antennae Galaxies, for example, nearly half of the observed gaseous matter is found within the tail structures.
Civilization and Its Discontents
Civilization and Its Discontents is a book by Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis. It was written in 1929 and first published in German in 1930 as Das Unbehagen in der Kultur ("The Uneasiness in Culture").

Exploring what Freud saw as a clash between the desire for individuality and the expectations of society, the book is considered one of Freud's most important and widely read works, and was described in 1989 by historian Peter Gay as one of the most influential and studied books in the field of modern psychology.

The Future of an Illusion
The Future of an Illusion (German: Die Zukunft einer Illusion) is a 1927 work by Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis, in which Freud discusses religion's origins, development, and its future. He provides a psychoanalysis of religion as a false belief system.
Robert Robert
Robert Robert is the stage name of Arthur Gaumont-Marchand, a Canadian electronic music DJ and performer from Montreal, Quebec. He is most noted for his song "Les gens", which was shortlisted for the SOCAN Songwriting Prize in the French category in 2022.

Born and raised in Montreal, Gaumont-Marchand worked as a DJ and producer before releasing Silicone Villeray, his first album as a singer, in 2021. The album featured contributions from CRi, Benoit Parent, Félix Petit and Hubert Lenoir.

He followed up in 2023 with the album Bienvenue au pays, and in 2025 with Boost.

He has also composed music for film and television.

Hubert Lenoir
Hubert Lenoir (born August 14, 1994) is the stage name of Hubert Chiasson, a French Canadian, singer, musician and actor from Quebec City, Quebec. His debut solo album Darlène was a shortlisted finalist for the 2018 Polaris Music Prize.
Consolidated Nuclear Security
Consolidated Nuclear Security is an American federal contractor that manages the Y-12 National Security Complex.

Consolidated Nuclear Security is a joint venture of Bechtel, Leidos, Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems and SOC. Booz Allen Hamilton is a teaming subcontractor.

The company is among the 100 largest federal contractors in the United States.

Day & Zimmermann
Day & Zimmermann is a privately held company in the fields of construction, engineering, staffing and ammunition manufacture, operating out of 150 locations worldwide. Its corporate office is in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Day & Zimmermann has an annual revenue of $2.5 billion, and is ranked by Forbes as one of the largest privately held companies in the United States. One of America's leading producers of ammunition, the company operates several government-owned facilities. In the 2011 financial year, it worked on 351 US Army contracts worth 151.8 million dollars.
Epinikion
The epinikion or epinicion (pl.: epinikia or epinicia, Greek ἐπινίκιον, from epi-, "on" and nikê, "victory") is a genre of occasional poetry also known in English as a victory ode. In ancient Greece, the epinikion most often took the form of a choral lyric, commissioned for and performed at the celebration of an athletic victory in the Panhellenic Games and sometimes in honor of a victory in war. Major poets in the genre are Simonides, Bacchylides, and Pindar.

Panhellenic Games
Panhellenic Games is the collective term for four separate religious festivals held in ancient Greece that became especially well known for the athletic competitions they included. The four festivals were: the Olympic Games, which were held at Olympia in honor of Zeus; the Pythian Games, which took place in Delphi and honored Apollo; the Nemean Games, occurring at Nemea and also honoring Zeus; and, finally, the Isthmian Games set in Isthmia and held in honor of Poseidon. The places at which these games were held were considered to be "the four great panhellenic sanctuaries." Each of these Games took place in turn every four years, starting with the Olympics. Along with the fame and notoriety of winning the ancient Games, the athletes earned different crowns of leaves from the different Games. From the Olympics, the victor won an olive wreath, from the Pythian Games a laurel wreath, from the Nemean Games a crown of wild celery leaves, and from the Isthmian Games a crown of pine.