hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Diacetyl reductase ((S)-acetoin forming)
Diacetyl reductase ((S)-acetoin forming) (EC 1.1.1.304, (S)-acetoin dehydrogenase) is an enzyme with systematic name (S)-acetoin:NAD+ oxidoreductase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction:

The reaction is catalysed in the reverse direction. This activity is usually associated with butanediol dehydrogenase activity (EC 1.1.1.4 or EC 1.1.1.76). While the butanediol dehydrogenase activity is reversible, diacetyl reductase activity is irreversible. This enzyme has been reported in the bacteria Geobacillus stearothermophilus, Enterobacter aerogenes and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Different from EC 1.1.1.303, diacetyl reductase ((R)-acetoin forming).

(S,S)-butanediol dehydrogenase
In enzymology, (S,S)-butanediol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.76) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

The two substrates of this enzyme are (S,S)-butane-2,3-diol and oxidised nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Its products are (S)-acetoin, reduced NADH, and a proton.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is (S,S)-butane-2,3-diol:NAD+ oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include L-butanediol dehydrogenase, L-BDH, and L(+)-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase (L-acetoin forming). This enzyme participates in butanoic acid metabolism.
Riss glaciation
The Riss glaciation, Riss Glaciation, Riss ice age, Riss Ice Age, Riss glacial or Riss Glacial (German: Riß-Kaltzeit, Riß-Glazial, Riß-Komplex or (obsolete) Riß-Eiszeit) is the second youngest glaciation of the Pleistocene epoch in the traditional, quadripartite glacial classification of the Alps. The literature variously dates it to between about 300,000 to 130,000 years ago and 347,000 to 128,000 years ago. It coincides with the Saale glaciation of North Germany. The name goes back to Albrecht Penck and Eduard Brückner who named this cold period after the river Riss in Upper Swabia in their three-volume work Die Alpen im Eiszeitalter ("The Alps in the Ice Age") published between 1901 and 1909.

Type locality (geology)
A type locality, or a type area, in geology is the locality where a particular rock type, stratigraphic unit or mineral species is first identified. If the stratigraphic unit in a locality is layered, it is called a stratotype, whereas the standard of reference for unlayered rocks is the type locality.

The concept is similar to type site in archaeology.
Penryn (UK Parliament constituency)
Penryn was a parliamentary borough in Cornwall, which elected two Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons of England from 1553 until 1707, to the House of Commons of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800, and finally to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1832. Elections were held using the bloc vote system.

The Reform Act 1832 abolished the parliamentary borough of Penryn. The town of Penryn was combined with neighbouring Falmouth to form the new parliamentary borough of Penryn and Falmouth.

Lewis Namier
Sir Lewis Bernstein Namier (/ˈneɪmiər/; 27 June 1888 – 19 August 1960) was a British historian of Polish-Jewish background. His best-known works were The Structure of Politics at the Accession of George III (1929), England in the Age of the American Revolution (1930) and the History of Parliament series (begun 1940) he edited later in his life with John Brooke.
Jazzahead
jazzahead! is an annual trade fair and festival for jazz, held in the German city of Bremen.

Since its premiere in 2006, the event has grown to include a culture festival in and around Bremen, in addition to the four-day trade fair. The international music trade fair with its integrated showcase festival focusses in jazz, while the festival in Bremen is for a broad audience.

jazzahead! is organized by a team of Messe Bremen, a division of  M3B GmbH Bremen. The artistic direction team is formed by Ulrich Beckerhoff, former professor for jazz trumpet and renowned jazz trumpeter and Peter Schulze, director of Sendesaal Bremen and former director of Jazzfest Berlin. The 2020 jazzahead! trade fair is scheduled for between 23 and 26 April. The trade fair is held in Hall 6 of MESSE Bremen (Bremen Exhibition Center). The jazzahead! festival will start around ten days before.

JazzFest Berlin
JazzFest Berlin (also known as the Berlin Jazz Festival) is a jazz festival in Berlin, Germany.  Originally called the "Berliner Jazztage" (Berlin Jazz Days), it was founded in 1964 in West Berlin by the Berliner Festspiele.  Venues included Berliner Philharmonie, Haus der Kulturen der Welt, Volksbühne, Haus der Berliner Festspiele and the Jazzclubs Quasimodo and A-Trane.

The festival's mission has been "to document, support, and validate trends in jazz, and to mirror the diversity of creative musical activity.
Chinese Docking Mechanism
The Chinese Docking Mechanism is a spacecraft docking mechanism based on the Androgynous Peripheral Attach System (APAS). There have been contradicting reports by the Chinese on its compatibility with APAS. It is used by Shenzhou spacecraft, beginning with an uncrewed Shenzhou 8, to dock to Tiangong-1. Subsequent crewed missions docked with the Tiangong-1, Tiangong-2 and the Tiangong space station. Similar docking mechanism was also introduced to the Tianzhou cargo spacecraft. Tianzhou 1 was the first cargo spacecraft which docked with the Tiangong-2. It has a circular transfer passage that has a diameter of 800 mm (31 in). The androgynous variant has a mass of 310 kg and the non-androgynous variant has a mass of 200 kg.

Tianzhou (spacecraft)
The Tianzhou (Chinese: 天舟; pinyin: Tiān Zhōu; lit. 'Heavenly Ship') is a Chinese automated cargo spacecraft developed from China's first prototype space station Tiangong-1 to resupply its  modular space station. It was first launched (Tianzhou 1) on the Long March 7 rocket from Wenchang on April 20, 2017 and demonstrated autonomous propellant transfer (space refueling).

The first version of Tianzhou has a mass of 13,500 kg and can carry 6,900 kg of cargo. Tianzhou-6 is the first improved version of the spacecraft to be launched into orbit; it has a mass of about 14,000 kg and can transport 7,400 kg of cargo.
Scandium acetate
Scandium acetate is a compound, with the chemical formula of Sc(CH3COO)3. It exists in the anhydrous and the hydrate forms. It can be obtained by reacting scandium hydroxide or scandium oxide with acetic acid. It is a colorless, water-soluble solid. It decomposes into scandium oxide at high temperature. It can be used to prepare other scandium-containing materials.

The structure of the anhydrous form was determined by X-ray crystallography.  It consists of a chain of octahedral Sc(III) centers linked by bridging acetate ligands.

Scandium(III) hydroxide
Scandium(III) hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Sc(OH)3, the trivalent hydroxide of scandium. It is an amphoteric compound. It is slightly soluble in water, and its saturated solution (pH = 7.85) contains Sc(OH)3 and a small amount of Sc(OH)+2. The solubility of scandium(III) hydroxide in water is 0.0279 mol/L. It will convert to ScO(OH) after aging, greatly reducing the solubility (0.0008 mol/L). Scandium(III) hydroxide can be produced by reacting scandium salts and alkali hydroxides. In the reaction, different starting ingredients can generate different intermediates such as Sc(OH)1.75Cl1.25, Sc(OH)2NO3 and Sc(OH)2.32(SO4)0.34.
TwixT
TwixT is a two-player strategy board game, an early entrant in the 1960s 3M bookshelf game series.  It became one of the most popular and enduring games in the series.  It is a connection game where players alternate turns placing pegs and links on a pegboard in an attempt to link their opposite sides.  While TwixT itself is simple, the game also requires strategy, so young children can play it, but it also appeals to adults. The game has been discontinued except in Germany and Japan.

Solved game
A solved game is a game whose outcome (win, lose or draw) can be correctly predicted from any position, assuming that both players play perfectly. This concept is usually applied to abstract strategy games, and especially to games with full information and no element of chance; solving such a game may use combinatorial game theory or computer assistance.
Alfvén resonator
An Alfvén resonator or Ionosphere Alfvén resonator is a spectral resonance structure found within geomagnetic fields in the frequency range of 0.1–10 Hz. First reported in 1989, they are ionospheric short-period geomagnetic variations primarily seen as nighttime phenomena and rarely observed during the day. The nighttime preference is due to lower electrical conductivity in the ionospheric dynamo region, which enables the feedback instability.

Resonance (chemistry)
In chemistry, resonance, also called mesomerism, is a way of describing bonding in certain molecules or polyatomic ions by the combination of several contributing structures (or forms, also variously known as resonance structures or canonical structures) into a resonance hybrid (or hybrid structure) in valence bond theory. It has particular value for analyzing delocalized electrons where the bonding cannot be expressed by one single Lewis structure. The resonance hybrid is the accurate structure for a molecule or ion; it is an average of the theoretical (or hypothetical) contributing structures.
Saka–Satavahana Wars
The Saka—Satavahana wars were a series of conflicts between the Western Satraps and the Satavahanas in the first and second century CE. Both sides achieved success at varying points during the conflicts, but in the end, the Satavahanas prevailed. However, constant wars with the Sakas severely weakened them and was a major contributor in their fall.

Yajna Sri Satakarni
Yajna Sri Satakarni, also known as Gautamiputra Yajna Sri, was an Indian ruler of the Satavahana dynasty. He was the brother of Vashishtiputra Satakarni. His reign is dated variously: c. 152-181 CE, c. 165-195 CE, c. 170-199 CE or c. 174-203.

He is considered to be the last great king of the Satavahana dynasty. He regained some of the territory lost to Shakas (the Western Satraps) under Vashishtiputra Satakarni. He defeated the Western Satraps and reconquered their southern regions in western and central India. The Satavahana started to decline after Yajna Sri Satakarni, while the Western Satraps would continue to prosper for another two centuries.
Enderby, British Columbia
The City of Enderby is in the North Okanagan region of the Canadian province of British Columbia, between Armstrong and Salmon Arm. It is approximately 80 km north of Kelowna and 130 km east of Kamloops. Highway 97A passes through Enderby and the Shuswap River marks the eastern and northeastern limits of the City. There are two major schools in Enderby: M.V. Beattie Elementary School and A.L. Fortune Secondary School. M.V. Beattie Elementary School was rebuilt in 2012.

The rural area surrounding Enderby is made up of the communities of Ashton Creek, Grandview Bench, Grindrod, Kingfisher, Mara, Splatsin Reserve, Springbend and Trinity Valley. The rural area is 2,108.46 square kilometres. Several smaller lakes, including Gardom Lake and Hidden Lake, are also located in the area.

Salmon Arm
50°42′8″N 119°16′20″W﻿ / ﻿50.70222°N 119.27222°W﻿ / 50.70222; -119.27222Salmon Arm is a city in the Columbia Shuswap Regional District of the Southern Interior of the Canadian province of British Columbia that has a population of 19,432 (2021). Salmon Arm was incorporated as a municipal district on May 15, 2005. The city of Salmon Arm separated from the district in 1912, but was downgraded to a village in 1958. The city of Salmon Arm once again reunited with the District Municipality in 1970. Salmon Arm once again became a city in 2005, and is now the location of the head offices of the Columbia-Shuswap Regional District. It is a tourist town in the summer, connected to all 4 arms of Shuswap Lake, with many beaches, numerous golf courses, camping facilities, and house boat rentals. Salmon Arm is home to the longest wooden freshwater wharf in North America.
Arthur Jolley
Arthur Connaught Jolley (November 29, 1911 – April 24, 1993) was a Canadian politician, who represented the electoral district of Niagara Falls in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1953 to 1959. He was a member of the Ontario Progressive Conservative Party.

He was first elected in a by-election on October 26, 1953, following the resignation of William Houck. He was then re-elected in the 1955 election.

Prior to his election to the legislature, Jolley was a partner with his brother Leonard in Jolley Construction. He served four years in the Canadian Armed Forces, and served for four years on Niagara Falls City Council. In his later years, he was co-host of a weekend program on CKTB devoted to music of the 1920s, 1930s and 1940s.

Following his death in 1993, statements of tribute were delivered in the legislature by Shirley Coppen, Jim Bradley and Al McLean.

William Houck
William Limburg Houck (May 10, 1893 – May 5, 1960) was a Canadian politician.

Born in Buffalo, New York, Houck was a coal dealer, fuel dealer, and merchant before being elected as the Liberal Party of Ontario candidate to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario in 1934, 1937, 1948, and 1951. Houck was Minister without Portfolio in the provincial cabinet from 1937 to 1943. He also served as mayor of Niagara Falls, Ontario from 1947 to 1950.

Houck was the Liberal candidate elected to the House of Commons of Canada from the riding of Niagara Falls in 1953, 1957, and 1958 elections. He served until his death in 1960.
Mycteroperca bonaci
Mycteroperca bonaci, the black grouper, black rockfish or marbled rockfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a grouper from the subfamily Epinephelinae which is part of the family Serranidae, which also includes the anthias and sea basses. Other fish are sometimes called the black grouper including the similar gag grouper (Mycteroperca microlepis), the misty grouper (Hyporthodus mystacinus), and the warsaw grouper (Hyporthodus nigritus). This species is found in the western Atlantic Ocean from the northeastern United States to Brazil.

Hyporthodus mystacinus
Hyporthodus mystacinus, the misty grouper, black grouper, convict grouper, eightbar grouper or moustache grouper, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a grouper from the subfamily Epinephelinae which is part of the family Serranidae, which also includes the anthias and sea basses. It is primarily found in the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico with populations present around the Galapagos Islands and Central American coastlines.
Tunisia women's national under-20 basketball team
The Tunisia women's national under-20 basketball team (Arabic: منتخب تونس تحت 20 سنة لكرة السلة للسيدات), nicknamed Les Aigles de Carthage (The Eagles of Carthage or The Carthage Eagles), is a national basketball team of Tunisia, administered by the Tunisia Basketball Federation (FTBB). (Arabic: الجامعة التونسية لكرة السلة) 
It represents the country in international under-21 and under-20 (under age 20 and under age 19) women's basketball competitions.

Tunisia Basketball Federation
The Tunisia Basketball Federation (Arabic: الجامعة التونسية لكرة السلة,) is the governing body of basketball in Tunisia. It established on 28 October 1960. that was Formed in 1956, it is based in the capital town Tunis. The FTBB is a member of the FIBA and also belong to the FIBA Africa zone.

On 10 August 2025, Sofien Jribi was elected president of the federation, succeeding Ali Benzarti, who had served for 19 years.
Big Business (1934 film)
Big Business is a 1934 British comedy film directed by Cyril Gardner and starring Claude Hulbert, Eve Gray and Ernest Sefton. It was made at Teddington Studios as a quota quickie by the British subsidiary of Warner Brothers. It is notably the second film of the same name that James Finlayson starred in.

Cinematograph Films Act 1927
The Cinematograph Films Act 1927 (17 & 18 Geo. 5. c. 29) was an act of the UK Parliament designed to stimulate the declining British film industry. It received royal assent on 22 December 1927 and came into force on 1 April 1928.
1918 Tullamore by-election
The 1918 Tullamore by-election was held on 19 April 1918.  The by-election was held due to the death of the incumbent Independent Nationalist MP, Edward John Graham.  It was won by the Sinn Féin candidate Patrick McCartan, who stood unopposed.

McCartan had previously contested the by-election in South Armagh for Sinn Féin but lost out to the Irish Parliamentary Party candidate. He was subsequently elected for the merged King's County constituency in the 1918 general election.

Tullamore (UK Parliament constituency)
Tullamore, a division of King's County, was a UK Parliament constituency in Ireland, that returned one Member of Parliament from 1885 to 1918.

Prior to the 1885 United Kingdom general election and after the dissolution of Parliament in 1918 the area was part of the King's County constituency.
Joyeux Noël
Joyeux Noël means Merry Christmas in French. For other uses, see Christmas (disambiguation) and Merry Christmas (disambiguation)

Joyeux Noël (English: Merry Christmas) is a 2005 war drama film based on the Christmas truce of December 1914, depicted through the eyes of French, Scottish, and German soldiers. It was written and directed by Christian Carion, and screened out of competition at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival.

The film, which includes one of the last appearances of Ian Richardson before his death, was nominated for Best Foreign Language Film at the 78th Academy Awards. It is a fictionalised account of an actual event that took place in December 1914, when Wilhelm, German Crown Prince, sent the lead singer of the Berlin Imperial Opera company on a solo visit to the front line. Singing by the tenor, Walter Kirchhoff, to the 120th and 124th Württemberg regiments led Scottish soldiers in their trenches to stand up and applaud.

Silent Night
"Silent Night" (German: "Stille Nacht, heilige Nacht") is a popular Christmas carol, composed in 1818 by Franz Xaver Gruber to lyrics by Joseph Mohr in Oberndorf bei Salzburg, Austria. It was declared an intangible cultural heritage by UNESCO in 2011. The song was first recorded in 1905 and has remained a popular success, appearing in films and multiple successful recordings, as well as being quoted in other musical compositions. It is one of the most recorded Christmas songs, with more than 137,000 known recordings.
Isaiah Whitehead
Isaiah Whitehead (born March 8, 1995) is an American professional basketball player for Ironi Ness Ziona of the Israeli Basketball Premier League. He played college basketball for Seton Hall. He played for the Brooklyn Nets of the NBA in 2016–18.

Basketbol Süper Ligi
The Basketball Super League (Turkish: Basketbol Süper Ligi; TBSL), also known as the Türkiye Sigorta Basketbol Süper Ligi for sponsorship reasons, is the top men's professional basketball division of the Turkish basketball league system. It replaced the former Turkish Basketball Championship (1946–1967) to become the Turkish Basketball League (TBL) until 2015 when it adopted its current name while the TBL name became exclusive to the second-tier and third-tier divisions.

The BSL is administered by the Turkish Basketball Federation (TBF) and is contested by 16 teams, with the two lowest-placed teams relegated to the second-tier TBL and replaced by the top two teams of that division.

Since the league's restructuring in 1966, 11 clubs have been crowned champions, with Anadolu Efes winning the title a record 16 times and Fenerbahçe 12 times. In recent years, Fenerbahçe won 11 titles out of 17 from the 2006–07 season onward.
Gay Robins
Gay Robins is an art historian. She was formerly the Samuel Candler Dobbs Professor of Art History at Emory University. She now holds the title of professor emerita. She also assisted the Michael C. Carlos Museum as a faculty consultant for Ancient Egyptian Art. Her work focuses on ancient Egyptian art, composition, gender and sexuality.

Robins earned a D.Phil. from University of Oxford in 1981.

Art of ancient Egypt
Ancient Egyptian art refers to art produced in ancient Egypt between the 6th millennium BC and the 4th century AD, spanning from Prehistoric Egypt until the Christianization of Roman Egypt. It includes paintings, sculptures, drawings on papyrus, faience, jewelry, ivories, architecture, and other art media. It was a conservative tradition whose style changed very little over time. Much of the surviving examples comes from tombs and monuments, giving insight into the ancient Egyptian afterlife beliefs.

The ancient Egyptian language had no word for "art". Artworks served an essentially functional purpose that was bound with religion and ideology. To render a subject in art was to grant it permanence; thus, ancient Egyptian art portrayed an idealized and unrealistic version of the world. There was no significant tradition of individual artistic expression since art served a wider and cosmic purpose of maintaining order (Ma'at).
8th Submarine Squadron (Imperial Japanese Navy)
The 8th Submarine Squadron of the Imperial Japanese Navy was based at Swettenham Pier, Penang, Malaya, until late 1944 during World War II. Its mission was to disrupt Allied supply lines in aid of Nazi Germany.

USS Francis M. Robinson
USS Francis M. Robinson (DE-220), a Buckley-class destroyer escort of the United States Navy, was named in honor of Commander Francis M. Robinson (1883–1942), who was a recipient of the Navy Cross.

Francis M. Robinson was launched on 1 May 1943 by Philadelphia Navy Yard; sponsored by Mrs. Francis M. Robinson, widow of Commander Robinson; and commissioned on 15 January 1944.
World Association of Young Scientists
The World Association of Young Scientists (WAYS; formerly the World Academy of Young Scientists) is a global network of young scientists established in 2004, in partnership with UNESCO and ICSU. It provides a Web 2.0 platform for scientific exchange, thereby linking individuals and existing networks with a regional or disciplinary focus.

International Council for Science
The International Council for Science (ICSU, after its former name, International Council of Scientific Unions) was an international non-governmental organization devoted to international cooperation in the advancement of science. Its members were national scientific bodies and international scientific unions.

In 2017, the ICSU comprised 122 multi-disciplinary National Scientific Members, Associates and Observers representing 142 countries and 31 international, disciplinary Scientific Unions. ICSU also had 22 Scientific Associates. In July 2018, ICSU merged with the International Social Science Council (ISSC) to form the International Science Council (ISC) at a constituent general assembly in Paris.
School uniforms in Japan
The majority of Japan's junior high and high schools require students to wear school uniforms. Female Japanese school uniforms are noted for their sailor aesthetics, a characteristic adopted in the early 20th century to imitate the popular sailor dress trend occurring in Western nations. The aesthetic also arose from a desire to imitate military style dress, particularly in the design choices for male uniforms. These school uniforms were introduced in Japan in the late 19th century, replacing the traditional kimono. Today, school uniforms are common in many Japanese public and private schools. The Japanese word for the sailor style of uniform is seifuku (制服).

School uniform
A school uniform is a uniform worn by students primarily for a school or otherwise an educational institution. They are common in primary and secondary schools in various countries and are generally widespread in Africa, Asia, Oceania, the British Isles and much of the Americas, but are not common in the United States, Canada, and most countries in continental Europe.

An example of a uniform would be requiring button-up shirts, trousers for boys, and blouses and  pleated skirts for girls, with both wearing blazers. A uniform can even be as simple as requiring collared shirts, or restricting colour choices and limiting items students are allowed to wear.