hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
PC Direct
PC Direct was a UK computer magazine published by Ziff Davis. The magazine was established in 1991, being one of the first magazines published by Ziff Davis outside the United States. VNU acquired PC Direct in 2000. It was shut down in 2001.

Ziff Davis
Ziff Davis, Inc. is an American digital media and Internet company. Founded in 1927 by William Bernard Ziff Sr. and Bernard George Davis, the company primarily owns technology- and health-oriented media websites, online shopping-related services, Internet connectivity services, gaming and entertainment brands, and cybersecurity and martech (marketing technology) tools. Previously, the company was predominantly a publisher of hobbyist magazines.
Artistic development of Tom Thomson
Tom Thomson (1877–1917) was a Canadian painter from the beginning of the 20th century. Beginning from humble roots, his development as a career painter was meteoric, only pursuing it seriously in the final years of his life. He became one of the foremost figures in Canadian art, leaving behind around 400 small oil sketches and around fifty larger works on canvas.

Beginning his career in 1902 as a graphic designer, he only began to paint seriously in 1912 at the age of 35. His skills developed as he ventured through Algonquin Park, sketching scenes that interested him. His creative peak came from 1914 until his untimely death in 1917. His art style progressed from sombre, grey scenes into brilliantly coloured exposés, characterized by rapid and thickly applied brushstrokes. His later works presage the advances seen by the Abstract Expressionist movement.

CMYK color model
The CMYK color model is a subtractive color model used in color printing as well as describing the printing process. The abbreviation CMYK refers to the four color components used in printing: cyan, magenta, yellow, and black (the key plate).

In subtractive models, inks reduce the amount of light reflected from a white or light background. White is the color of the substrate, and black results from the combination of inks. This contrasts with additive color models (e.g., RGB color model), where colors are produced by emitting light, white results from combining all primary colors, and black represents the absence of light. The addition of black ink reduces ink consumption and produces more consistent dark tones compared to using cyan, magenta, and yellow alone.

The CMYK printing process was first implemented in the 1890s for color newspaper illustrations and comic strips.
Ruguanxue
Ruguanxue (simplified Chinese: 入关学; traditional Chinese: 入關學; pinyin: rùguānxué; Cantonese Yale: yahpgwāanhohk; IPA: [ɻûkwánɕɥě]; lit. 'breakthrough studies') or Ruguanism is a nationalistic, memetic discourse on the Chinese Internet that likens the Sino-American relations to the Ming-Qing conflict, where the United States is analogized to the corrupt and declining Ming dynasty and China to the rising but ostracized Later Jin/Qing dynasty, with the premise concluding that the only way China can ensure its own survival is to "break through the Shanhai Pass" and take over the position of Mandate of Heaven from the old empire. Chinese scholar Fu Zheng summarizes three common views towards Ruguanxue as either reflecting a new era of national self-confidence, as ultra-nationalism, or as petty-bourgeois ideology.

Strait of Malacca
The Strait of Malacca is a narrow stretch of water, 900 kilometres (560 mi) long and from 65 to 250 km (40 to 155 mi) wide, between the Malay Peninsula to the northeast and the Indonesian island of Sumatra to the southwest, connecting the Andaman Sea (Indian Ocean) and the South China Sea (Pacific Ocean). As the main shipping channel between the Indian and Pacific oceans, it is one of the most important shipping lanes in the world.
Dialioideae
The subfamily Dialioideae is one of the subdivisions of the plant family Fabaceae (legumes). This subfamily includes many tropical trees and shrubs. The subfamily consists of 17 genera, which are widespread throughout the tropics. It has the following clade-based definition:

The most inclusive crown clade containing Poeppigia procera C.Presland Dialium guianense (Aubl.) Sandwith, but not Cercis canadensis L., Duparquetia orchidacea Baill., or Bobgunnia fistuloides (Harms) J. H. Kirkbr. & Wiersema

Members of the family also share the following morphological characteristics: the presence of cymose inflorescences, the absence of vestured pits in the xylem, and a high degree of organ loss.

Poeppigia procera
Poeppigia procera is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae. It is a tree native to the tropical Americas, ranging from southern Mexico to Bolivia and southeastern Brazil, including Cuba. It grows in  forest and woodland, savanna, and shrubland.
Dinamo Stadium (Bender)
Stadionul Dinamo (Russian: Стадион «Динамо») is a football stadium in Bender, Moldova. It is the home ground of Tighina. In addition to Tighina, Florești have also used the stadium as a home ground. Opened in 2006, it has a capacity of 5,061 seats. The pitch has a grass surface. Renovated in 2018, it is a UEFA category one stadium. It is one of several stadiums in the former Soviet Bloc that are called Dinamo.

Bender, Moldova
Bender ([benˈder], Moldovan Cyrillic: Бендер) or Bendery (Russian: Бендеры, [bʲɪnˈdɛrɨ]; Ukrainian: Бендери), also known as Tighina, is a city within the internationally recognized borders of Moldova under de facto control of the unrecognized Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (Transnistria) (PMR) since 1992. It is located on the western bank of the river Dniester in the historical region of Bessarabia.

Together with its suburb Proteagailovca, the city forms a municipality, which is separate from Transnistria (as an administrative unit of Moldova) according to Moldovan law. Bender is located in the buffer zone established at the end of the 1992 War of Transnistria. While the Joint Control Commission has overriding powers in the city, Transnistria has de facto administrative control.

The fortress of Tighina was one of the important historic fortresses of the Principality of Moldova until 1812.
Frank Coleman (counselor)
Frank "Tick" Coleman (February 29, 1912 – Christmas 2008) was an educator and community volunteer. Born in Philadelphia, Coleman grew up in its Point Breeze neighborhood. He was one of the first black Eagle Scouts. Coleman is noted for supporting those institutions that helped him succeed and mentoring many youth in the city of Philadelphia.

Advancement and recognition in Scouting America
Advancement and recognition in Scouting America is a tradition dating from the inception of the Scouting movement. A fundamental purpose of advancement is the self-confidence a young man or woman acquires from his participation in Scouting. Advancement is one of the methods used in the "Aims and Methods of Scouting"– character development, citizenship training and personal fitness.

There are separate advancement and recognition programs for the main program divisions: Cub Scouting (ages six through 10), Scouts BSA (formerly Boy Scouting) (11–17), Venturing (14–20), and Sea Scouting (14–20) (and, formerly, through the now discontinued Varsity Scouting (14–18)). Each program is designed for its age group and goals.
Pseudagrion torridum
Pseudagrion torridum is a species of damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae. It is found in Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia. Its natural habitats are freshwater lakes and freshwater marshes.

Coenagrionidae
Coenagrionidae is a family of damselflies, also known as pond damselflies, in the order Odonata and the suborder Zygoptera. The Zygoptera are the damselflies, which although less known than the dragonflies, are no less common. More than 1,300 species are in this family, making it the largest damselfly family. The family Coenagrionidae has six subfamilies: Agriocnemidinae, Argiinae, Coenagrioninae, Ischnurinae, Leptobasinae, and Pseudagrioninae.

This family is referred to as the narrow-winged damselflies or the pond damselflies. The Coenagrionidae enjoy a worldwide distribution, and are among the most common of damselfly families. This family has the smallest of damselfly species. More than 110 genera of the family Coenagrionidae are currently accepted.
Strategic nuclear weapon
A strategic nuclear weapon (SNW) is a nuclear weapon that is designed to be used on targets often in settled territory far from the battlefield as part of a strategic plan, such as military bases, military command centers, arms industries, transportation, economic, and energy infrastructure, and countervalue targets such areas such as cities and towns. It is in contrast to a tactical nuclear weapon, which is designed for use in battle as part of an attack with and often near friendly conventional forces, possibly on contested friendly territory. As of 2026, strategic nuclear weapons have been used twice in the 1945 United States bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

B83 nuclear bomb
The B83 is a variable-yield thermonuclear gravity bomb developed by the United States in the late 1970s that entered service in 1983. With a maximum yield of 1.2 megatonnes of TNT (5.0 PJ), it has been the most powerful nuclear weapon in the United States nuclear arsenal since October 25, 2011 after retirement of the B53. It was designed by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.
Q
Q, or q, is the seventeenth letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is pronounced /ˈkjuː/ ⓘ, most commonly spelled cue, but also kew, kue, and que.

X
X, or x, is the twenty-fourth letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ex (pronounced /ˈɛks/ ⓘ), plural exes.
Arrows A10
The Arrows A10 was a Formula One car designed by Ross Brawn for the Arrows team. The original A10 was used in the 1987 Formula One World Championship while an updated version, the A10B, was used in the 1988 Championship. In both seasons, the car was powered by a Megatron-badged BMW turbocharged engine, and driven by Briton Derek Warwick and American Eddie Cheever.

Naturally aspirated engine
A naturally aspirated engine, also known as a normally aspirated engine, and abbreviated to N/A or NA, is an internal combustion engine in which air intake depends solely on atmospheric pressure and does not have forced induction through a turbocharger or a supercharger.
Toy Museum Stockholm
The Toy Museum (Swedish: Leksaksmuseet) is a toy museum located (since 2005) in Spårvägsmuseet in Södermalm, Stockholm. It was originally located at Mariatorget, where it first opened on August 30, 1980. One notable attraction is the railway modelling collection of the Railway Society (Järnvägssällskapet). The focus is on "the 20th century, with emphasis on technical toys". Now Leksaksmuseet is located in Nacka at Saltsjö-Pir in brand new premises.

Spårvägsmuseet
Spårvägsmuseet or the Stockholm Transport Museum is a museum in Stockholm, Sweden. It is owned and operated by SL, the public organisation responsible for public transport in Stockholm County. The museum presents the development of public transport in the Stockholm region from the 19th century to the present day.

The museum’s collections include vehicles, technical drawings, photographs and historical objects related to public transport. In total, the collections comprise more than 70-80 vehicles, around 20,000 drawings, over 10,000 artefacts and approximately 500,000 photographs, of which about 30,000 are digitised.

The museum was formerly located at Tegelviksgatan 22 in the Södermalm district. It closed to the public in September 2017 and reopened on 21 May 2022 in a former gasworks building in the Hjorthagen area of Norra Djurgårdsstaden.
Solar inverter
A solar inverter or photovoltaic (PV) inverter is a type of power inverter which converts the variable direct current (DC) output of a photovoltaic solar panel into a utility frequency alternating current (AC) that can be fed into a commercial electrical grid or used by a local, off-grid electrical network. It is a critical balance of system (BOS)–component in a photovoltaic system, allowing the use of ordinary AC-powered equipment. Solar power inverters have special functions adapted for use with photovoltaic arrays, including maximum power point tracking and anti-islanding protection.

Sine wave
A sine wave, sinusoidal wave, or sinusoid (symbol: ∿) is a periodic wave whose waveform (shape) is the trigonometric sine function. In mechanics, as a linear motion over time, this is simple harmonic motion; as rotation, it corresponds to uniform circular motion. Sine waves occur often in physics, including wind waves, sound waves, and light waves, such as monochromatic radiation. In engineering, signal processing, and mathematics, Fourier analysis decomposes general functions into a sum of sine waves of various frequencies, relative phases, and magnitudes.

When any two sine waves of the same frequency (but arbitrary phase) are linearly combined, the result is another sine wave of the same frequency; this property is unique among periodic waves. Conversely, if some phase is chosen as a zero reference, a sine wave of arbitrary phase can be written as the linear combination of two sine waves with phases of zero and a quarter cycle, the sine and cosine components, respectively.
John II of Rosenberg
John II of Rosenberg (nicknamed: the peaceful; Czech: Jan II. "Pokojný" z Rožmberka; 1434 – 8 November 1472, Ortenburg) was a member of the House of Rosenberg.  He was governor (Landeshauptmann) of Silesia, and High Chamberlain in Bohemia.

Rosenberg family
The House of Rosenberg (Czech: Rožmberkové or Páni z Rožmberka) was a prominent Bohemian noble family that played an important role in Czech medieval history from the 13th century until 1611. Members of this family held posts at the Prague royal (and later imperial) court, and were viewed as very powerful lords of the Kingdom of Bohemia. This branch of the Vítkovci clan was initially founded by Vítek III, the son of Witiko of Prčice.
Martin John Henry
Martin John Henry is a songwriter from Bellshill in Lanarkshire, Scotland. Henry is noted for his success as the frontman of the rock band De Rosa, who released several albums, singles and other recordings on Glasgow’s influential independent label Chemikal Underground. De Rosa's music has been critically lauded and championed by John Peel and Steve Lamacq. Sound-Scotland recently praised Henry as "...one of Scotland's finest songwriters" Henry has written, recorded and played with many of Scotland’s finest musicians, including Barry Burns (Mogwai), Robert Johnston (Life Without Buildings), King Creosote and Malcolm Middleton. As a solo artist, Henry contributed a track to MOJO Magazine’s ‘Abbey Road Now!’ CD in October 2009 and has played numerous shows including SOUNDS Festival, Tigerfest and Glasgow’s Merchant City Festival.

Malcolm Middleton
Malcolm Bruce Middleton
(born 31 December 1973) is a Scottish musician and member of indie band Arab Strap. He has also released seven solo studio albums and three albums performing under the pseudonym Human Don't Be Angry.
Mesocyclops aspericornis
Mesocyclops aspericornis is a freshwater copepod species in the genus Mesocyclops found in the tropics. It was collected from Sumatra, Singapore and Hawaii.

Together with the mosquito species Toxorhynchites speciosus, M. aspericornis forms a compatible predator pair for reduction of larval Aedes notoscriptus and Culex quinquefasciatus populations in tire habitats in Queensland. It has also been used in combination with Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis in controlling Aedes aegypti larvae in Thailand.

Mesocyclops
Mesocyclops  is a genus of copepod crustaceans in the family Cyclopidae. Because the various species of Mesocyclops are known to prey on mosquito larvae, it is used as a nontoxic and inexpensive form of biological mosquito control.
Gmina Zwierzyn
Gmina Zwierzyn is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Strzelce-Drezdenko County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland. Its seat is the village of Zwierzyn, which lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south-east of Strzelce Krajeńskie and 25 km (16 mi) north-east of Gorzów Wielkopolski.

The gmina covers an area of 100.98 square kilometres (39.0 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 4,335.

Strzelce-Drezdenko County
Strzelce-Drezdenko County (Polish: powiat strzelecko-drezdenecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lubusz Voivodeship, western Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the town of Strzelce Krajeńskie, which lies 25 km (16 mi) north-east of Gorzów Wielkopolski and 104 km (65 mi) north of Zielona Góra. The county also contains the towns of Drezdenko, lying 21 km (13 mi) east of Strzelce Krajeńskie, and Dobiegniew, 18 km (11 mi) north-east of Strzelce Krajeńskie.

The county covers an area of 1,248.32 square kilometres (482.0 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 49,156, out of which the population of Drezdenko is 10,122, that of Strzelce Krajeńskie is 9,950, that of Dobiegniew is 3,061, and the rural population is 26,023.
Kanan Devi
Kanan Devi (22 April 1916 – 17 July 1992) was an Indian actress and singer. She was among the early singing stars of Indian cinema, and is credited popularly as the first star of Bengali cinema. Her singing style, usually in rapid tempo, was used instrumentally in some of the biggest hits of New Theatres, Kolkata.

Ashok Kumar
Ashok Kumar (born Kumudlal Ganguly; 13 October 1911 – 10 December 2001) was an Indian actor who worked in Hindi cinema. He is regarded as one of the greatest actors of Indian cinema. He is considered to be the first superstar of Indian cinema as well as the first lead actor to play an anti-hero. He also became the first star to reinvent himself, enjoying a long and hugely successful career as a character actor. He was a member of the cinematic Ganguly family. He was honoured in 1988 with the Dadasaheb Phalke Award, the highest national award for cinema artists, by the Government of India. He received the Padma Shri in 1962 and Padma Bhushan in 1999 for his contributions to Indian cinema.
Gutenberg Castle
Gutenberg Castle (German: Burg Gutenberg) is an intact castle in the municipality of Balzers, Liechtenstein, the southern-most municipality in the country. Gutenberg is one of the five castles of the principality and one of two that have survived intact until the present day.

Unlike Vaduz Castle, Gutenberg Castle does not serve as a residence of the princely family of Liechtenstein and is open to the general public as a museum. The castle lies on a 70 metre high free-standing rock near the centre of Balzers and is accessible via a street and road known as Burgweg.

Vaduz Castle
Vaduz Castle (German: Schloss Vaduz) is the palace and official residence of the Prince of Liechtenstein. The castle gave its name to the town of Vaduz, the capital of Liechtenstein, which it overlooks from an adjacent hilltop.
Government Camp, Oregon
Government Camp // ⓘis an unincorporated community and census-designated place located in Clackamas County, Oregon, United States, on the base of Mount Hood and north of Tom Dick and Harry Mountain. It is the only town within 5 miles (8 km) of Mount Hood and therefore is the de facto "mountain town" or "ski town". It is the gateway to several ski resorts, with the most popular being Timberline Lodge and Mount Hood Skibowl. Government Camp also has its own, smaller ski resort, Summit Pass.

The community is located within the Mount Hood Corridor on U.S. Route 26 (the Mount Hood Highway), near its intersection with Oregon Route 35 and the Barlow Pass summit of the Cascade Range. As of the 2020 census, Government Camp had a population of 179. The government's 2016 estimate indicated a population of 121 persons.

Barlow Pass (Oregon)
Barlow Pass is a 4,155-foot (1,266 m) mountain pass in the Cascades in Oregon, on the Oregon Trail, and one of the major milestones of the Barlow Road.  It is the crest of the Cascade Mountains:  the dividing line between watersheds of the Deschutes River and those that flow into the Sandy River.

It is located on the southern flanks of Mount Hood and traversed by Oregon Route 35.  Highway 35 and the Barlow Road converge to within 400 ft (125 m) at the pass.  Originally a "rustic and scenic" summer road, Highway 35 was straightened and widened throughout 1964–1968 for practical winter road maintenance.  Sharp turns were eliminated and elevation changes more graduated, unlike the Barlow Road, which sharply descends westward at the foot of the pass.  The Barlow Road route is popular for cross country skiing,
and the pass is a trailhead to the Pacific Crest Trail, which runs north and south across the pass.
Friedens, Pennsylvania
Friedens is a census-designated place (CDP) that is part of Somerset Township in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,523 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Johnstown, Pennsylvania Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Somerset, Pennsylvania
Somerset (/ˈsʌmərsɛt/ SUM-ər-set) is a borough in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, United States, and its county seat. The population was 6,046 at the 2020 census. The borough is surrounded by Somerset Township and is located off the Pennsylvania Turnpike (I-70 and I-76). Somerset is the principal city of the Somerset micropolitan statistical area, which consists of Somerset County, and is also a principal city of the larger Johnstown-Somerset combined statistical area.
Pukapuka–Nassau
Pukapuka–Nassau is a Cook Islands electoral division returning one member to the Cook Islands Parliament.  Its current representative is Tingika Elikana, who has held the seat since 2018.

The electorate was created by the Cook Islands Constitution in 1964 and has not been adjusted since. It consists of the islands of Pukapuka and Nassau.

Pukapuka
Pukapuka, formerly Danger Island, is a coral atoll in the northern group of the Cook Islands in the Pacific Ocean. It is one of the most remote islands of the Cook Islands, situated about 1,140 kilometres (708 miles) northwest of Rarotonga. On this small island, an ancient culture and distinct language have been maintained over many centuries. The population of Pukapuka is around 400  people.
1992 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship
The 1992 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship was the 98th staging of the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board since 1887. The championship began on 4 July 1992 and ended on 11 October 1992.

Ballyhale Shamrocks were the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Clara at the quarter-final stage. Graignamanagh were relegated from the championship after seven seasons.

On 11 October 1992, Glenmore won the championship after a 1–14 to 2–06 defeat of Tullaroan in the final. It was their third championship title overall and their first title in two championship seasons.

Glenmore's Ray Heffernan was the championship's top scorer with 1-32.

1887 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship
The 1887 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship was the inaugural staging of the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board. The championship began on 3 April 1887 and ended on 17 April 1887.

On 17 April 1887, Tullaroan won the championship after a 1–01 to 0–04 defeat of Mooncoin in the final. It was the first of 20 championship titles for the Tullaroan club.