hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
K. R. Ramesh Kumar
Kanadam Ramaiah Ramesh Kumar (born 22 November 1949) is an Indian politician who was the 9th and 16th speaker of Karnataka Legislative Assembly and member of the Indian National Congress from the state of Karnataka.

He is a six-term member of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly from Srinivaspur assembly constituency in Kolar district. He met Devaraj Urs during student days and was encouraged to enter politics. In 1994, he became Speaker of the assembly for his first experience with that post. In June 2016, he was inducted into the Siddaramaiah-led government of Karnataka as a cabinet minister. He held the Health and Family Welfare Ministry portfolio in the Government of Karnataka. He was elected unopposed as the speaker of 15th Karnataka Legislative Assembly in 2018 after JD(S) and Congress unity.

Janata Dal
Janata Dal (lit. 'People's Party') was an Indian political party which was formed through the merger of Lok Dal, Jagjivan's Congress, and Jan Morcha on 11 October 1988—the birth anniversary of Jayaprakash Narayan under the leadership of V. P. Singh.
WGBK
WGBK 88.5 FM is a non commercial radio station operated by the students and faculty advisers of Glenbrook South High School in Glenview, Cook County, Illinois and Glenbrook North High School in Northbrook, Illinois.

Glenbrook South High School
Glenbrook South High School, or GBS, is a public four-year high school located in Glenview, Illinois, a north suburb of Chicago, in the United States. It is part of Northfield Township High School District, which also includes Glenbrook North High School.

Feeder schools that attend GBS are Attea, Springman, Field (Glenview portions), and Maple (Glenview portions). According to state standardized test scores, 29% of students are at least proficient in math and 40% in reading, as tested by the Illinois State Board of Education. These figures indicate that the school's performance is above the state high school median of 24% proficiency in Math and Reading.
Ljungby Arena
Ljungby Arena, previously named Sunnerbohov, is an indoor arena located in Ljungby, Sweden. It is IF Troja/Ljungby's home arena and has a capacity of 3,500 spectators. The current spectator record was set on 21 January 1997, when 4,050 spectators visited to see IF Troja/Ljungby meet Brynäs IF.

Ljungby
Ljungby (Swedish: [ˈjɵ̂ŋːbʏ] ⓘ) is the central locality of Ljungby Municipality, Kronoberg County, Sweden, with 15,785 inhabitants in 2015.

Ljungby was instituted in 1829 as a köping, or market town, and did not become a municipality of its own when the first local government acts took effect in 1863, but retained part of the surrounding rural municipality of the same name. In 1936 Ljungby got the title stad, Swedish for Town or City. Since 1971 Ljungby is the seat of Ljungby Municipality.

Much of the town center was destroyed in the city fire of 1953. At the time of the rebuilding, International Style architecture was used, characterized locally by the Hotel Terazza and adjacent structures, which still remains controversial locally.
Fort Ross, California
Fort Ross is a former Russian establishment on the west coast of North America in what is now Sonoma County, California. It was notable as the first multi-ethnic community north of the Spanish missions in what is now the U.S. state of California. Owned and operated by the Russian-American Company, it was the hub of the southernmost Russian settlements in North America from 1812 to 1841. Notably cosmopolitan, different ethnic groups settled in and around the fort: Native Californians, Native Alaskans, Russians, Finns, Swedes. It has been the subject of archaeological investigation and is a California Historical Landmark, a National Historic Landmark, and on the National Register of Historic Places. It is part of California's Fort Ross State Historic Park.

Sitka, Alaska
Sitka (Tlingit: Sheetʼká; Russian: Ситка) is a unified city-borough in the southeast portion of the U.S. state of Alaska. It was under Russian rule from 1799 to 1867. The city is situated on the west side of Baranof Island and the south half of Chichagof Island in the Alexander Archipelago of the Pacific Ocean (part of the Alaska Panhandle). As of the 2020 census, Sitka had a population of 8,458, making it the fifth-most populated city in the state.

With a consolidated land area of 2,870.3 square miles (7,434 square kilometers) and total area (including water) of 4,811.4 sq mi (12,461 km2), Sitka is the largest city by total area in the U.S.
Henry Martens
Henry Martens (1790, London – 1868, London) was an English military illustrator and artist.  He worked mainly in water-color although a few oil paintings do exist. He was the eldest of three sons of Christoph Heinrich (anglice Christopher Henry) Martens and his wife Rebecca, the others being John William and Conrad.

Battle of Ferozeshah
The Battle of Ferozeshah was fought on 21 December and 22 December 1845 between the British East India Company and the Sikh Empire, at the village of Ferozeshah in Punjab. The British were led by Sir Hugh Gough and Governor-General Sir Henry Hardinge, while the Sikhs were led by Lal Singh and Tej Singh. The British emerged victorious after treachery from the Sikh commanders caused a Sikh retreat.
Lashch-Tayaba
55°01′6″N 47°59′44″E﻿ / ﻿55.01833°N 47.99556°E﻿ / 55.01833; 47.99556

Lashch-Tayaba (Russian: Лащ-Таяба; Chuvash: Лаш Таяпа, Laş Tayapa) is a rural locality (a village) in the Lashch-Tayaba Rural Settlement municipality of Yalchiksky District of the Chuvash Republic, Russia, the administratrive center of the municipality. It is located 18 kilometers (11 mi) west of Yalchiki, the administrative center of the district. Population: 1036 (2012 est.).

The Lashchi River flows through the village.

The Russian Orthodox Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary was built in the village in 1840. It was closed and completely destroyed in the 1940s. The parish resumed its activities in 1991 in a former school building reconstructed as a church. In 2016, a new church was consecrated.

Yalchiki
Yalchiki (Russian: Яльчики, Chuvash: Елчĕк, Yelçĕk) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Yalchiksky District of the Chuvash Republic, Russia. Population:  2,544 (2010 Census); 2,732 (2002 Census); 2,961 (1989 Soviet census).
Koip Peak
Koip Peak is a 12,968-foot-elevation (3,953-meter) summit in Mono County, California, in the United States. It is located in the Ansel Adams Wilderness, on land managed by Inyo National Forest. It is approximately 0.25 miles (0.40 km) outside of Yosemite National Park's eastern boundary, and 1.0 mile (1.6 km) west of Parker Peak.

Koip is derived from a Western Numic name meaning "mountain sheep". Bighorn sheep roam in the area.

Inyo National Forest
Inyo National Forest is a United States National Forest covering parts of the eastern Sierra Nevada of California and the White Mountains of California and Nevada. The forest hosts several superlatives, including Mount Whitney, the highest point in the contiguous United States; Boundary Peak, the highest point in Nevada; and the Ancient Bristlecone Pine Forest, which protects the oldest living trees in the world. The forest, encompassing much of the Owens Valley, was established by Theodore Roosevelt as a way of sectioning off land to accommodate the Los Angeles Aqueduct project in 1907, making the Inyo National Forest one of the least wooded forests in the U.S. National Forest system.
Bandon Halt railway station
Bandon Halt was a station on the 1847 London, Brighton and South Coast Railway extension from West Croydon to Epsom. It was situated between Waddon and Wallington stations in what is now the London Borough of Sutton, and opened on 11 June 1906 and closed 7 June 1914. It takes its name from the immediate area which is called Bandon Hill. It was located at grid reference TQ301644 and was accessed from Plough Lane, the platforms lying to the immediate west of the overbridge.

West Croydon station
West Croydon is a multi-modal interchange station located in Croydon, South London. It is a southern terminus of the Windrush line of the London Overground, and is also served by National Rail services operated by Southern. The station also includes a tram stop on the London Trams network and a bus station. On the National Rail network it is 10 miles 35 chains (10.44 miles, 16.80 km) measured from London Bridge. It is in London fare zone 5.
Anticalyptraea
Anticalyptraea is a fossil genus of encrusting tentaculitoid tubeworms from the Silurian to Devonian of Europe and North America (Vinn, 2010).
Anticalyptraea commonly encrust various invertebrate fossils such as stromatoporoids, rugose corals, bryozoans, brachiopods and crinoids, but they can also be common on the hardgrounds.

They were often attacked by predators in the Pridoli of Baltica.

Anticalyptraea was traditionally interpreted as a phorid gastropod, but was later assigned to the Class Tentaculita.
Its dextrally coiled substrate-cemented tube, bulbous initial chamber, vesicular tube wall and pseudopunctate microlamellar shell structure closely resembles trypanoporids (Tentaculita), but Anticalyptraea differs in having the cones of the pseudopunctae oriented in the opposite direction. Pseudopunctae oriented similarly to Anticalyptraea occur in Cornulites (cornulitids) and thick-walled tentaculitids.
The name Anticalyptraea is a reference to the gastropod genus Calyptraea.

Cornulitida
Cornulitida is an extinct order of encrusting animals from class Tentaculita, which were common around the globe in the Ordovician to Devonian oceans, and survived until the Carboniferous. Organisms that may be the oldest cornulitids have been found in Cambrian sediments of Jordan.

Cornulitids had shells, and were subject to predation by boring and other means from the Ordovician onwards. Many survived attacks by predators. Several cornulitids were endobiotic symbionts in the stromatoporoids and tabulates.

Their affinity is unknown; they have been placed in many phyla, and have been considered worms, corals, molluscs and more. They appear to be closely related to other taxa of uncertain affinity, including the microconchids, trypanoporids and tentaculitids.
Georgy Tovstonogov
Georgy Aleksandrovich Tovstonogov (Russian: Гео́ргий Алекса́ндрович Товстоно́гов, 28 September [O.S. 15 September] 1915 – 23 May 1989) was a Russian-Georgian theatre director.

He was the leader of the Gorky Bolshoi Drama Theater which was renamed after him in 1992.

Zinaida Sharko
Zinaida Maximovna Sharko (Russian: Зинаида Максимовна Шарко; 14 May 1929 – 4 August 2016) was a Russian actress of theatre and film. She was a member of Bolshoi Drama Theatre, and was awarded People's Artist of the RSFSR in 1980.
John Haydn Davies
John Haydn Davies (1905 – 1991) was a Welsh schoolmaster and conductor. His family lived in the Rhondda area, and he was introduced to music whilst attending Blaencwm Welsh Baptist Chapel. He was educated at Blaencwm Elementary School, before winning a scholarship to attend Tonypandy Grammar School. He then trained as a teacher at Caerleon College, and took up a position at Blaencwm Primary, Rhondda (where he became the Headmaster). As a young schoolmaster he became conductor of the Blaencwm Choral Society, and was so competent that he was invited to become assistant conductor of the Treorchy Male Choir. In 1946 he became the choir's principal conductor, and held the post until he retired in 1968. From 1960 he held the position of Headmaster of Brodringallt Primary in Ystrad, remaining there for the rest of his career.

He died of coronary thrombosis at the East Glamorgan Hospital in 1991, and is buried at Treorchy Cemetery.

Blaencwm
Blaencwm (Welsh: Blaen-y-Cwm) is a village in the county borough of Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales, lying at the head the Rhondda Fawr valley. Two collieries were opened here during the Industrial Revolution, the Dunraven Colliery in 1865 and the Glenrhondda Colliery in 1911. Both had closed by 1966 and the sites have since been landscaped, leaving little trace of their industrial past. It is in the historic county of Glamorgan.
Neptunium compounds
Neptunium compounds are compounds containing the element neptunium (Np). Neptunium has five ionic oxidation states ranging from +3 to +7 when forming chemical compounds, which can be simultaneously observed in solutions. It is the heaviest actinide that can lose all its valence electrons in a stable compound. The most stable state in solution is +5, but the valence +4 is preferred in solid neptunium compounds. Neptunium metal is very reactive. Ions of neptunium are prone to hydrolysis and formation of coordination compounds.

Fluoride
Fluoride (/ˈflʊəraɪd, ˈflɔːr-/) is an inorganic, monatomic anion of fluorine, with the chemical formula F− (also written [F]−), whose salts are typically white or colorless. Fluoride salts typically have distinctive bitter tastes and are odorless. Its salts and minerals are important chemical reagents and industrial chemicals, mainly used in the production of hydrogen fluoride for fluorocarbons. Fluoride is classified as a weak base, since it only partially associates in solution, but concentrated fluoride is corrosive and can attack the skin.

Fluoride is the simplest fluorine anion. In terms of charge and size, the fluoride ion resembles the hydroxide ion. Fluoride ions occur on Earth in several minerals, particularly fluorite, but are present only in trace quantities in bodies of water in nature.
Green Head, Western Australia
Green Head is a small Australian coastal town in the Shire of Coorow. The town is situated between Geraldton and Perth in the Mid West region of Western Australia along Indian Ocean Drive, with a small population of only 289 people. It is the home of what was a significant, but now declining, rock lobster industry.

Shire of Coorow
The Shire of Coorow is a local government area located in the Mid West region of Western Australia, about 290 kilometres (180 mi) north of Perth, the state capital, and about 130 kilometres (80 mi) south of the city of Geraldton. The Shire covers an area of 4,194 square kilometres (1,619 sq mi) and its seat of government is the town of Coorow, with the largest settlement being Leeman.
Pacheco Union School District
Pacheco Union School District is a public primary school district in Redding, California in the south side of the city. The district consists of two schools, Pacheco Elementary School, and Prairie Elementary School, serving about 615 pupils in Grades K to 8. The grades at Prairie are K-3, while Pacheco has grades 4–8. Both have a special needs classes.

Redding, California
Redding is a city in and the county seat of Shasta County, California, and the economic and cultural capital of the Shasta Cascade region of Northern California. Redding lies along the Sacramento River, 162 miles (261 km) north of Sacramento, and 120 miles (190 km) south of California's northern border with Oregon. Its population was 93,611 at the 2020 census.
McPherson Square station
McPherson Square station is a Washington Metro station in Downtown, Washington, D.C., United States. The side-platformed station is operated by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA). Providing service for the Blue, Orange, and Silver Lines, the station is located between McPherson Square and Franklin Square, with two entrances on I Street at Vermont Avenue and 14th Street NW. This is the main station to access the White House, and the Vermont Avenue exit is directly underneath the Department of Veterans Affairs building.

Downtown (Washington, D.C.)
Downtown is the central business district of Washington, D.C., located in Northwest D.C. It is the third largest central business district in the United States. The "Traditional Downtown" has been defined as an area roughly between Union Station in the east and 16th Street NW in the west, and between the National Mall on the south and  Massachusetts Avenue on the north, including Penn Quarter. However, nowadays, Downtown D.C. can often refer to a larger area, as the DC Office of Planning states:

…most residents, workers, and visitors think of Downtown in a broader sense — including areas as far north as Dupont Circle, as far west as Foggy Bottom, and as far east as Capitol Hill. Only about half of the central city workforce is located within the city’s traditional Downtown.

A small portion of this area is known as the Downtown Historic District and was listed on the NRHP in 2001.
Colli del Tronto
Colli del Tronto ("Tronto's hills") is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Ascoli Piceno in the Italian region Marche, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) south of Ancona and about 14 kilometres (9 mi) northeast of Ascoli Piceno. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 3,290 and an area of 5.9 square kilometres (2.3 sq mi).

Colli del Tronto borders the following municipalities: Ancarano, Ascoli Piceno, Castorano, Spinetoli.

Ancona
Ancona (/æŋˈkoʊnə/, also US: /ænˈ-, ɑːnˈ-/; Italian: [aŋˈkoːna] ⓘ) is a city and a seaport in the Marche region of central Italy. The city of Ancona has an estimated population of around 99,469 as of 2025. Ancona is the capital of the homonymous province and of the region. The city is located 280 km (170 mi) northeast of Rome, on the Adriatic Sea, between the slopes of the two extremities of the promontory of Monte Conero, Monte Astagno and Monte Guasco. The hilly nature around Ancona is a strong contrast to the flatter coastline in areas further north.

Ancona is one of the main ports on the Adriatic Sea, especially for passenger traffic, and is the main economic and demographic centre of the region.

As a result of Ancona's unique elbow shape facing the sea, Ancona is one of the few cities in the world and the only city in Italy where it is possible to see both sunrise and sunset over the sea.
Stearman M-2 Speedmail
The Stearman M-2 Speedmail (nicknamed the Bull Stearman) was a mail-carrier aircraft produced by the Stearman Aircraft Company of Wichita, Kansas. It first flew in January 1929. The Speedmail was a single-seat biplane, with two large cargo compartments in place of a front cockpit. The fuselage and tail unit were constructed from welded chrome-moly steel tube faired with wooden formers and fabric covered aft of the pilot's cockpit, and detachable aluminium alloy panels covered the fuselage forward of the cockpit. The wings were constructed from spruce spars and plywood built-up ribs, all fabric covered. It differed from previous Stearman aircraft by having a tailwheel instead of a tailskid due to its size and weight.

Stearman Aircraft
Stearman Aircraft Corporation was an aircraft manufacturer in Wichita, Kansas. Although the company designed a range of other aircraft, it is most known for producing the Model 75, which is commonly known simply as the "Stearman" or "Boeing Stearman".
Figma
Figma is a collaborative web application for interface design, with additional offline features enabled by desktop applications for macOS and Windows. The feature set of Figma focuses on user interface and user experience design, with an emphasis on real-time collaboration, utilizing a variety of vector graphics editor and prototyping tools. The Figma mobile app for Android and iOS allows viewing and interacting with Figma prototypes in real-time on mobile and tablet devices.

Whiteboarding
Whiteboarding is the placement of shared files on an on-screen shared notebook or whiteboard. Videoconferencing and data conferencing software often lets documents as on a physical whiteboard.

In hybrid whiteboarding, special handwriting detection software allows for physical whiteboards to be shared with remote and distant users, often allowing for the simultaneous addition of digital content.

Whiteboarding sessions — both in-office and virtual — provide teams with a collaborative, creative environment for brainstorming new ideas and solving problems. Without a defined structure in place, however, these sessions can quickly unravel and get off track.

With this type of software, several people can work on the image at the same time, each seeing changes the others make in near-real time.

Electronic whiteboarding was included at least as early as 1996 in the CoolTalk tool in Netscape Navigator 3.0.
Matthew Burton (Australian footballer)
Matthew "Spider" Burton (born 19 May 1970) is a retired Australian rules footballer. He played as a ruckman and began his Football career at Subiaco. "Spider" Burton, as he's commonly known, because of his 210 cm (6 ft 11 in) frame, was formerly the AFL's tallest player. He has since been eclipsed by another Docker in Aaron Sandilands, Geelong Football Club and Western Bulldogs' Peter Street, Geelong Football Club and GWS Giants Dawson Simpson and Collingwood’s Mason Cox, all of whom stand at 211 cm tall.

Mason Cox
Mason Troy Cox (born March 14, 1991) is an American-born Australian professional Australian rules footballer who plays for the Fremantle Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). Playing as a ruckman and key forward, he first played Australian rules football in April 2014 before making his AFL debut for Collingwood two years later in April 2016. Cox previously played basketball for Oklahoma State University in the Big 12 Conference and, standing at 211 cm (6 ft 11 in), is the tallest player to ever be measured at an AFL Draft Combine.
Variimorda villosa
Variimorda villosa is a species of tumbling flower beetle in the subfamily Mordellinae of the family Mordellidae.

These very small beetles are present in most of Europe. The adults can be encountered from July through August, especially feeding on flowers of Apiaceae species.

Their bodies have a sharp rear ending and a quite variable pattern of colours of lighter spots (yellowish, brownish, silvery, etc.).

Mordellidae
The Mordellidae are a family of beetles commonly known as tumbling flower beetles for the typical irregular movements they make when escaping predators, or as pintail beetles due to their abdominal tip which aids them in performing these tumbling movements. Worldwide, there are about 1500 species.
Ostrowiec, Sławno County
Ostrowiec [ɔsˈtrɔvjɛt͡s] (German Wusterwitz) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Malechowo, within Sławno County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 11 km (7 mi) east of Malechowo, 11 km (7 mi) south of Sławno, and 167 km (104 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Malechowo, Sławno County
Malechowo [malɛˈxɔvɔ] (German: Malchow) is a village in Sławno County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Malechowo. It lies approximately 13 km (8 mi) south-west of Sławno and 161 km (100 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has a population of 589.
Vivienne Binns
Vivienne Joyce Binns OAM (born 1940) is an Australian artist known for her contribution to the Women's Art Movement in Australia, her engagement with feminism in her artwork, and her active advocacy within community arts. She works predominantly in painting.

Creative Australia
Creative Australia, formerly known as the Australia Council for the Arts and the Australia Council, is the country's official arts council, serving as an arts funding and advisory body for the Government of Australia.

The council was announced in 1967 as the Australian Council for the Arts, with the first members appointed the following year. It was made a statutory corporation by the passage of the Australia Council Act 1975. It became the Australia Council in 2013, and then Creative Australia, with a new organisational structure, from 24 August 2023.

The organisation has included several boards within its structure over the years, including more than one incarnation of a Visual Arts Board (VAB), in the 1970s–80s and in the early 2000s.