hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dialogues: Rousseau, Judge of Jean-Jacques
Rousseau, Judge of Jean-Jacques (French: Rousseau juge de Jean-Jacques) is a book written by Jean-Jacques Rousseau. In this book, Rousseau responds to what he calls slanderous and defamatory attacks on his reputation by his enemies.

Rousseau began writing Rousseau, Judge of Jean-Jacques in 1772, completing it in 1776. The book is in the form of three dialogues between a "Frenchman" and "Rousseau".  The two characters argue the merits and demerits of a third character, an author called "Jean-Jacques".

Rousseau, Judge of Jean-Jacques  has been described as Rousseau's most unreadable work; in the book's foreword, he concedes that it might be repetitious and disorderly, but begs the reader's indulgence on the ground that he needs to defend his reputation from slander while he is still alive.

Dialogue
Dialogue (sometimes spelled dialog in American English) is an interactive communication between two or more people, and a literary and theatrical form that depicts such an exchange. As a philosophical or didactic device, it is chiefly associated in the West with the Socratic dialogue as developed by Plato, but antecedents are also found in other traditions including Indian literature.
Şirvan, Azerbaijan
Shirvan (Azerbaijani: Şirvan) is a city in Azerbaijan, located on the Kura River. It was called Zubovka until 1938 and Ali Bayramli until 2008. From 1938 to 1954, Shirvan was a village. It was granted city status on January 4, 1963. The territory of Shirvan is 72.7 km2, and the population is 87,400 according to the 2020 census. Population density is 1226 persons per 1 km2. The city also includes the settlement of Hajigarahmanly and Bairamly. 98.5% of the population are Azerbaijani, while others - Russians, Ukrainians, Tatars, Turks, and other natives.

Shirvan
Shirvan (from Classical Persian شروان Shirwān or شیروان Shīrwān [Iranian Persian: شروان Shervân or شیروان Shirvân]; Azerbaijani: Şirvan; Tat: Şirvan) is a historical region in the eastern Caucasus, as known in both pre-Islamic Sasanian and Islamic times. Today, the region is an industrially and agriculturally developed part of the Republic of Azerbaijan that stretches between the western shores of the Caspian Sea and the Kura River, centered on the Shirvan Plain.
Samantha Jo Elliott
Samantha Jo Elliott (born May 28, 2001) is an American beauty pageant titleholder who won Miss Illinois USA 2023. She represented the United States at Miss Cosmo 2024 held in Vietnam and reached the top five. She previously represented Illinois and reached the top 20 of Miss USA 2023.

Miss Cosmo 2024
Miss Cosmo 2024 was the inaugural edition of the Miss Cosmo pageant, held at the Saigon Riverside Park in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, on 5 October 2024.

At the end of the event, Ketut Permata Juliastrid from Indonesia was crowned by the CEO of the Miss Cosmo Organization, Trần Việt Bảo Hoàng.

Contestants from fifty-six countries and territories competed at this event. The hosts for both the preliminary night and the grand finale were Miss International 2016, Kylie Verzosa, and Bùi Đức Bảo.
Bradbury, New South Wales
Bradbury is a suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Bradbury is located 54 kilometres south-west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the City of Campbelltown and is part of the Macarthur region.

The suburb features many areas of greenery with native trees characterising most streets. Many streets are home to a range of native trees. Most of the street names in the suburb are after types of trees such as Bottlebrush Avenue, Jacaranda Avenue, Stringybark Place and Ash Place.

City of Campbelltown (New South Wales)
The City of Campbelltown is a local government area in the Macarthur region of south-western Sydney, in New South Wales, Australia. The area is located about 55 kilometres (34 mi) south west of the Sydney central business district and comprises 312 square kilometres (120 sq mi).

The mayor of the City of Campbelltown is Cr. Darcy Lound, a member of the Labor Party.
COVID-19 pandemic in New Caledonia
The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached the French overseas collectivity of New Caledonia on 18 March 2020. All cases are on the main island of Grand Terre and are related to travel abroad. On 7 May, all cases had recovered.

On 7 September 2021, New Caledonia reported three new community cases, triggering a two-week lockdown and travel restrictions across the territory. By 14 September, the territory had reported two deaths while the number of active cases had risen to 821. In response, New Caledonian authorities imposed a night–to–dawn curfew over the territory.

Loyalty Islands Province
Loyalty Islands Province (French: Province des îles Loyauté, pronounced [pʁɔvɛ̃s dez‿il lwajote]) is one of the three top-level administrative subdivisions of New Caledonia. It encompasses the Loyalty Islands (French: Îles Loyauté) archipelago in the Pacific Ocean, located northeast of the New Caledonian mainland of Grande Terre.

The provincial government seat is at Lifou. The Loyalty Islands are a collectivité territoriale of France. The province's 2019 population was approximately 18,353 inhabitants living on almost 2,000 km2 (770 sq mi). The native inhabitants are Melanesians who speak various Kanak languages and Polynesians who speak the Fagauvea language.
Logical order of God's decrees
Reformed Christianity studies the logical order of God's decree to ordain the fall of man in relation to his decree to save some sinners through election and condemn others through reprobation. Several opposing positions have been proposed, all of which have names with the Latin root lapsus (meaning fall), and the word stem (a type of root) -lapsarianism. Supralapsarianism and infralapsarianism assert that election and reprobation respectively preceded and succeeded the fall of man logically, not temporally.

Election in Christianity
In Christianity, particularly within the theological framework of Calvinism, election involves God choosing a particular person or group of people to a particular task or relationship, especially eternal life.

Election to eternal life is viewed by some as conditional on a person's faith, and by others as unconditional. According to Calvinist theology, before the foundation of the world, God chose certain individuals, known as the "elect", to receive his saving grace and be predestined for eternal salvation; Calvinists view this election as unconditional, based not on human merit or works but solely on God's sovereign will and purpose.
Rafinha (footballer, born 1985)
Márcio Rafael Ferreira de Souza (born 7 September 1985), commonly known as Rafinha ([ʁɐˈfiɲa]; "Little Rafa"), is a Brazilian former professional footballer who played as a right-back. He was known as a skilled defender with good passing skills, quick pace, agility and a strong shot. He had earned four caps with the Brazil national team. Since 2015, he has had German citizenship.

2017 DFL-Supercup
The 2017 DFL-Supercup was the eighth edition of the German super cup under the name DFL-Supercup, an annual football match contested by the winners of the previous season's Bundesliga and DFB-Pokal competitions. The match was played on 5 August 2017.

The DFL-Supercup featured Borussia Dortmund, the winners of the 2016–17 DFB-Pokal, and Bayern Munich, the winners of the 2016–17 Bundesliga and holders of the competition.

Bayern Munich won the DFL-Supercup 5–4 on penalties following a 2–2 draw after 90 minutes for their sixth title.
Rhododendron fuyuanense
Rhododendron fuyuanense (富源杜鹃) is a rhododendron species native to eastern Yunnan, China, where it grows at altitudes of about 2,000 m (6,600 ft). It is a shrub that grows to 50–250 cm (20–98 in) in height, with leaves that are elliptic or narrowly elliptic, 1.2–3.5 by 0.6–1.2 cm in size. Flowers are purplish red.

Rhododendron
Rhododendron (/ˌroʊdəˈdɛndrən/; pl.: rhododendra), from Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon), meaning "rose", and δένδρον (déndron), meaning "tree", is a very large genus of about 1,024 species of woody plants in the heath family (Ericaceae). They can be either evergreen or deciduous. Most species are native to eastern Asia and the Himalayan region, but smaller numbers occur elsewhere in Asia, and in North America, Europe and Australia.

It is the national flower of Nepal, the state flower of Washington and West Virginia in the United States, the state flower of Nagaland and Himachal Pradesh in India, the provincial flower of Jeju Province in South Korea, the provincial flower of Jiangxi in China and the state tree of Sikkim and Uttarakhand in India. Most species have brightly coloured flowers which bloom from late winter through to early summer.

Azaleas make up two subgenera of Rhododendron. They are distinguished from "true" rhododendrons by having only five anthers per flower.
Peerie Bard
Perie Bard is one of the Shetland Islands. It is a small islet off the east coast of the island of Mousa.

Although named 'Perie Bard' on OS Maps, the name used in Shetland is "Peerie Bard".

The name is derived from the Shetland dialect words 'Peerie', meaning small, and 'Bard', meaning steep headland. The Muckle Bard, or large steep headland, is located on neighbouring Mousa.

The Mousa Lighthouse is located on the Peerie Bard. The lighthouse was first lit in 1951 and replaced one which had previously been located on the nearby headland of Noness

Mousa, Shetland
Mousa (/ˈmuːsə/; Old Norse: Mosey "moss island") is a small island in Shetland, Scotland, uninhabited since the nineteenth century. The island is known for the Broch of Mousa, an Iron Age round tower, and is designated as a Special Protection Area for storm-petrel breeding colonies.
King's Medal for Champion Shots
King's Medal for Champion Shots are a family of medals, awarded to the champions of small arms firing competitions held in several British Commonwealth countries and in several armed forces branches. The King's Medals should not be confused with the Queen's Prize, which is a rifle competition contested during the NRA Imperial Meeting at Bisley.

Notable medals in this family are:

Queen's Medal for Champion Shots in the Military Forces (British, Dominion & Colonial Armies)

Queen's Medal for Champion Shots of the Air Forces (British, Dominion & Colonial Air Forces)

Queen's Medal for Champion Shots of the New Zealand Naval Forces (New Zealand Navy)

Queen's Medal for Champion Shots of the Royal Navy and Royal Marines (British Naval forces)

Queen's Medal for Champion Shot (Canadian Armed Forces)

Champion Shots Medal (Australia) (Australian Defence Force)

King's Medal for Champion Shots of the Royal Navy and Royal Marines
The King's Medal for Champion Shots of the Royal Navy and Royal Marines was instituted in 1966. The medal is a Naval counterpart of the King's Medal for Champion Shots in the Military Forces and the King's Medal for Champion Shots of the Air Forces and is identical to the Queen's Medal for Champion Shots of the New Zealand Naval Forces that had been instituted in 1958. One medal can be awarded annually to the champion shot of a small-arms marksmanship competition, held by the Royal Navy and Royal Marines.

The reverse of the medal and the ribbon are identical to those of the Naval Good Shooting Medal, instituted by King Edward VII in 1903 as an award for outstanding naval gunnery and discontinued in 1914. In 1955 that medal's reverse and ribbon had been used for the Queen's Medal for Champion Shots of the New Zealand Naval Forces.
2021 Nova Scotia general election
The 2021 Nova Scotia general election was held on August 17, 2021, to elect members to the 64th General Assembly of Nova Scotia.

In a major upset, Tim Houston led the Progressive Conservatives to power for the first time since 2006, and with a majority government for the first time since 1999. With a popular vote share of 38.44%, the PCs won the smallest winning vote share of any majority government in Nova Scotian electoral history, and won nearly twice the number of seats as the Liberals, despite their overall vote share differing by less than 2%.

Elizabeth Smith-McCrossin’s victory in Cumberland North marked the first occasion since 1988 that an independent candidate won election to the House of Assembly. A record number of four Black Nova Scotians were elected MLAs; prior to this election, only five Black MLAs had ever been elected in Nova Scotia.

2006 Nova Scotia general election
The 2006 Nova Scotia general election was held on June 13, 2006 to elect members of the 60th House of Assembly of the Province of Nova Scotia, Canada.

Premier Rodney MacDonald, who led a Progressive Conservative minority government in the legislature, called for the election on May 13, 2006, hoping for a majority government to better advance his agenda and a clear mandate for himself as he had not yet fought an election as leader.

Ultimately, MacDonald was returned to power leading another, slightly smaller, minority government against a strengthened New Democratic Party sitting as the Official Opposition and a weakened Liberal Party. Liberal leader Francis MacKenzie was defeated in his riding of Bedford.
Caulfield Cup
The Caulfield Cup is a Melbourne Racing Club Group 1 Thoroughbred horse race held under handicap conditions. 
This is for all horses aged three years old and older. It takes place over a distance of 2400 metres at the Caulfield Racecourse, Melbourne, Australia in mid October. The prize money is A$5,000,000.

Galilee (horse)
Galilee (1963−1990) was a New Zealand bred Thoroughbred racehorse who became one of the most successful racehorses in Australia. Galilee was the first and is still the only horse to win the Caulfield, Melbourne and Sydney Cups in one season.
Masters of the World
Masters of the World, also known as Geo-Political Simulator 3, is the third installment of the Geo-political simulator series. This government simulation game, like its predecessors, puts the player in the role of any nation's head of state or head of government. French, German, Spanish, Italian, Japanese, and Russian versions of the game were also released.

Government simulation game
A government simulation or political simulation is a game that attempts to simulate the government and politics of all or part of a nation. These games may include geopolitical situations (involving the formation and execution of foreign policy), the creation of domestic political policies, or the simulation of political campaigns. They differ from the genre of classical wargames due to their discouragement or abstraction of military or action elements.
Blackstone River (Alberta)
Blackstone River is a medium-sized river originating in the front ranges of the Canadian Rockies.
It is a tributary of the Brazeau River, which in turn flows into the North Saskatchewan River.

The Blackstone forms at the base of a geological feature known as the Tarpeian Rock, just outside the southern boundary of Jasper National Park.

North Saskatchewan River
The North Saskatchewan River is a glacier-fed river that flows from the Canadian Rockies continental divide east to central Saskatchewan, where it joins with the South Saskatchewan River to make up the Saskatchewan River. Its water flows into the Hudson Bay via Lake Winnipeg and the Nelson River.

The Saskatchewan River system is the largest shared between the Canadian provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan. Its watershed includes most of southern and central Alberta and Saskatchewan.
Hikaru Naomoto
Hikaru Naomoto (猶本 光, Naomoto Hikaru; born March 3, 1994) is a Japanese professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for WE League club Nippon TV Tokyo Verdy Beleza and the Japan women's national team.

2014 AFC Women's Asian Cup
The 2014 AFC Women's Asian Cup, the 18th edition of the competition, was a women's association football tournament competed by national teams in Asian Football Confederation (AFC). It served as the qualification for the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup. It was played from 14 to 25 May 2014 in Vietnam.

Reigning world champions Japan defeated the reigning Asian champions Australia 1–0 in the final to secure their first continental title.
Flauenskjold
Flauenskjold is a village in Vendsyssel, Denmark, with a population of 661 (1 January 2025). It is located in Brønderslev Municipality in North Jutland Region near the Frederikshavn Motorway, the part of the European route E45 between Aalborg and Frederikshavn.

The village is located 35 km northeast of Aalborg and 17 km southwest of Sæby. The neighboring village of Dybvad is located 5 km northeast of Flauenskjold.

The fictional character Fru Elvira Mortensen from Politiken's column "At tænke sig" resides in Flauenskjold.

North Jutland Region
The North Jutland Region (Danish: Region Nordjylland), or in some official sources, the North Denmark Region, is an administrative region of Denmark established on 1 January 2007 as part of the 2007 Danish municipal reform, which abolished the traditional counties (amter) and set up five larger regions. At the same time, smaller municipalities were merged into larger units, cutting the number of municipalities from 271 before 1 January 2006, when Ærø Municipality was created, to 98. North Jutland Region has 11 municipalities. The reform diminished the power of the regional level dramatically in favor of the local level and the central government in Copenhagen.
Muzha District
Muzha (Chinese: 木栅; pinyin: Mùzhà; Wade–Giles: Mu4-cha4; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ba̍k-sa; lit. 'wood fence'), alternatively romanized Mucha, was a district in Taipei City, Taiwan. The name refers to wooden fences built in the region to defend against attacks by Taiwanese Indigenous peoples.

During Qing rule, the area belonged to Tamsui Ting. After 1920, during Japanese rule, the area belonged to both Naiko (内湖) and (坡內坑) of Shinkō Village (深坑庄) of Bunsan District, Taihoku Prefecture (modern-day Shenkeng District and Neihu District).

Muzha was transferred from Taipei County to become a district of Taipei City. In 1990, it merged with Jingmei District to become Wenshan District.

Neihu District
Neihu District is a district of Taipei City, Taiwan. Neihu means "inner lake." The older name originates from the Ketagalan word Tayour (transliterated by the Dutch as Cattajo), meaning woman's head ornament.

Many mountainous roads and paths, which are ideal for hiking, connect Neihu with the neighboring Shilin District and Yangmingshan National Park. The Tri-Service General Hospital, which is a teaching hospital of the National Defense Medical Center, is also in Neihu. The Wuchih Mountain Military Cemetery borders Neihu.
Christoph Friedrich von Stälin
Christoph Friedrich von Stälin (4 August 1805, in Calw – 12 August 1873, in Stuttgart) was a German librarian and historian. He was the father of archivist Paul Friedrich von Stälin (1840–1909).

From 1821 to 1825 he studied philosophy, theology and philology at the universities of Tübingen and Heidelberg, where Georg Friedrich Creuzer was an important influence to his career. Afterwards, he became a librarian at the Royal Library in Stuttgart, where in 1869 he was appointed as its director. With Georg Waitz and Ludwig Häusser, he was editor of the journal, Forschungen zur Deutschen Geschichte ("Research of German History").

Georg Waitz
Georg Waitz (9 October 1813 – 24 May 1886) was a German medieval historian and politician. Waitz is often spoken of as the leading disciple of Leopold von Ranke, though perhaps he had more affinity with Georg Heinrich Pertz or Friedrich Christoph Dahlmann. He concentrated on medieval German history.
Tim Ashe
Timothy R. Ashe (born December 10, 1976) is an American politician who ran for a wide range of political offices in Vermont and served as a Democrat/Progressive in the Vermont Senate from Chittenden County from 2009 to 2021 and as President pro tempore of the Vermont Senate from 2017 until 2021.

On January 2, 2026, Ashe announced that he would run for Vermont State Auditor.

Vermont Senate
The Vermont Senate is the upper house of the Vermont General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Vermont. The senate consists of 30 members elected from multi-member districts. Each senator represents at least 20,300 citizens. Senators are elected to two-year terms and there is no limit to the number of terms a senator may serve.

As in other upper houses of state and territorial legislatures and the U.S. Senate, the Vermont Senate has special functions, such as confirming or rejecting gubernatorial appointments to executive departments, the state cabinet, commissions, boards, and (for the first six-year term) the state's judiciary.

The Vermont Senate meets at the Vermont State House in the state capital of Montpelier.
Novikov–Veselov equation
In mathematical physics, the Novikov–Veselov equation (or Veselov–Novikov equation) is a nonlinear partial differential equation. It is a two-dimensional analogue of the well-known Korteweg–de Vries equation (KdV equation), which can model shallow water waves. A key feature of the Novikov–Veselov equation is its integrability, meaning it can be solved exactly through a method known as the inverse scattering transform.

The equation's integrability is linked to the two-dimensional stationary Schrödinger equation, just as the KdV equation's integrability is linked to the one-dimensional Schrödinger equation. This property distinguishes it from other two-dimensional analogues of the KdV equation, such as the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation. The equation is named after Soviet mathematicians Sergei P. Novikov and A.P. Veselov, who introduced it in Novikov & Veselov (1984).

Mathematical physics
Mathematical physics is the development of mathematical methods for application to problems in physics. The Journal of Mathematical Physics defines the field as "the application of mathematics to problems in physics and the development of mathematical methods suitable for such applications and for the formulation of physical theories". An alternative definition would also include those mathematics that are inspired by physics, known as physical mathematics.
Xiong'erzhai Township
Xiong'erzhai Township (simplified Chinese: 熊儿寨乡; traditional Chinese: 熊兒寨鄉; pinyin: Xióng'erzhài Xiāng) is a township located at northern Pinggu District, Beijing, China. It is at the foothill of the Yan Mountain Range. The township borders Zhenluoying Town to the north, Huangsongyu Township and Nandulehe Town to the east, Shandongzhuang and Wangxinzhuang Towns to the south, and Dahuashan Town to the west. Its population was 2,859 as of 2020.

Xiong'erzhai (Chinese: 熊儿寨; lit. 'Bear Stockade') was said to be first established by the Yellow Emperor during his war with Chiyou, and the region was named in honor of his clan, Youxiong (Chinese: 有熊; lit. 'Possessor of Bears').

Shandongzhuang
Shandongzhuang Town (simplified Chinese: 山东庄镇; traditional Chinese: 山東莊鎮; pinyin: Shāndōngzhuāng Zhèn) is a town in the center of Pinggu District, Beijing, China. On the northeastern corner of Pinggu's urbanized area, It borders Xiong'erzhai Township to its north, Nandulehe Town to its east, Xiagezhuang Town to is south, as well as Xinggu Subdistrict and Wangxinzhuang Town to its west. In the year 2020, It was home to 16,315 residents. The name Shandongzhuang can be translated as "Villa East of Mountains"
Carlos Isola
Carlos Isola (6 March 1896 – 8 February 1964) was an Argentine football goalkeeper. He played for River Plate from 1913 to 1925, and in 22 matches for the Argentina national football team in 1916. He was also part of Argentina's squad for the 1916, 1917 and 1919 South American Championships.

Isola won three titles with River Plate.

1920 Argentine Primera División
The 1920 Argentine Primera División was the 29th season of top-flight football in Argentina. The AFA season began on March 21 and ended in January 1921 while the AAmF began on March 28 and also ended in January 1921.

Boca Juniors won its 2nd. consecutive AFA championship while River Plate won the dissident Asociación Amateurs de Football (AAmF) title, putting an ended to the seven consecutive titles won by Racing.

As champion of the AFA season, Boca Juniors qualified to the 1920 Copa Aldao.