hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2024 Germany floods
In 2024, Germany experienced flooding. In particular, in June 2024, significant flooding struck Southern Germany, leading to the death of 6 people and the failure of several dams in the region, requiring the evacuation of several municipalities and rescue missions.

Schmutter
The Schmutter (German pronunciation: [ˈʃmʊtɐ]) is a river in Bavaria, Germany, a right tributary of the Danube.

The Schmutter's source is 6 km (3.7 mi) southwest of Schwabmünchen, in the Swabia region of Bavaria. The Schmutter flows north, and for several tens of kilometers it flows parallel to the Lech, at only a few km west of the Lech. It flows into the Danube near Donauwörth. Towns along the Schmutter include Fischach, Neusäß, Gablingen and Mertingen.
Government simulation game
A government simulation or political simulation is a game that attempts to simulate the government and politics of all or part of a nation. These games may include geopolitical situations (involving the formation and execution of foreign policy), the creation of domestic political policies, or the simulation of political campaigns. They differ from the genre of classical wargames due to their discouragement or abstraction of military or action elements.

Hidden Agenda (1988 video game)
Hidden Agenda is a 1988 strategy video game intended to simulate the conditions of a post-revolutionary Central American country. The player takes the part of the newly elected president of the fictional country of Chimerica, which has recently been liberated from the rule of the corrupt dictator Farsante and his ruling clique. It is considered a forerunner of the Games for Change movement, alongside other early Macintosh games including Chris Crawford's Balance of Power.
Derek Collier
Derek Collier (1927 – 24 June 2008) was an English violinist and leader of the Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra. Collier studied at the Royal Academy of Music in London and also with Alfredo Campoli. He performed as a soloist with many of the leading British and North American orchestras and gave the first performances in Britain of violin concertos by Dag Wirén, Joaquín Rodrigo and Boris Blacher.

Collier used a violin made by Pietro Guarneri and he made a number of commercial recordings for EMI and Decca with pianists including Ernest Lush and Daphne Ibbott.

Collier is the father of violinist Suzie Collier and grandfather of Grammy Award-winning multi-instrumentalist Jacob Collier.

Alfredo Campoli
Alfredo Campoli (20 October 1906 – 27 March 1991) was an Italian-born British violinist, often known simply as Campoli. He was noted for the beauty of the tone he produced from the violin. Campoli spent his childhood and much of his career in England.
Grand Trunk Western Railroad Grand Haven Coal Tipple
The Grand Trunk Western Railroad Grand Haven Coal Tipple is a coaling tower designed to feed coal to steam locomotives located on the 300 block of North Harbor Drive (in Chinook Pier Park) in Grand Haven, Michigan. It is the tallest structure in the city. The coal tipple was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016.

Grand Haven, Michigan
Grand Haven is a city within the U.S. state of Michigan and the county seat of Ottawa County. Grand Haven is located on the eastern shore of Lake Michigan at the mouth of the Grand River, for which it is named. As of the 2020 census, Grand Haven had a population of 11,011. The city is home to the Grand Haven Memorial Airpark (3GM) and is located just north of Grand Haven Charter Township. Grand Haven's ZIP code also serves most of Grand Haven and Robinson townships.
Melbourne Park Oval
Melbourne Park Oval (sometimes referred to as Grand Slam Oval or simply The Oval) is a sporting venue located within Melbourne Park in the Melbourne Sports and Entertainment Precinct. It was previously an Australian rules football and cricket ground, which was known for much of its history as the Old Scotch Oval (or the Yarra Park Oval). Since the late 1990s, the oval has been used for events, including concerts and festivals.

Melbourne Sports and Entertainment Precinct
The Melbourne Sports and Entertainment Precinct is a series of sports stadiums and venues, located in Melbourne, Victoria, in Australia. The precinct is situated around 3 km east of the Melbourne central business district, located in suburbs of Melbourne and Jolimont, near East Melbourne and Richmond.

It is considered to be Australia's "premier sports precinct" and regularly hosts some of the biggest domestic and international sporting events, including the AFL Grand Final (Australian rules football), Australian Open (tennis) and Boxing Day Test (cricket). The venues have also previously hosted the 1956 Summer Olympics (for which the Precinct served as the Olympic Park) and 2006 Commonwealth Games.

The precinct comprises three areas: Olympic Park, Melbourne Park and Yarra Park.
Bubbly Creek
Bubbly Creek is the nickname given to the South Fork of the South Branch of the Chicago River.  It runs entirely within the city of Chicago, Illinois, United States. It marks the boundary between the Bridgeport and McKinley Park community areas of the city. The creek derives its name from the gases bubbling out of the riverbed from the decomposition of blood and entrails dumped into the river in the early 20th century by the local meatpacking businesses surrounding the Union Stock Yards directly south of the creek's endpoint at Pershing Road. It was brought to notoriety by Upton Sinclair in his exposé on the American meat packing industry titled The Jungle.

Bubbly Creek originates near 38th Street, at the Racine Avenue Pump Station of the Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago. It flows in a generally northward direction for approximately 6,600 feet (2,000 m), and joins with the South Branch of the Chicago River.

Bridgeport, Chicago
Bridgeport is one of the 77 community areas in Chicago, on the city's South Side, bounded on the north by the South Branch of the Chicago River, on the west by Ashland Avenue, on the south by Pershing Road, on the east by the Union Pacific Railroad tracks, and on the northeast by the Dan Ryan Expressway. Neighboring communities are Pilsen across the river to the north, McKinley Park to the west, Canaryville to the south, and Armour Square to the east. Bridgeport has been the home of five Chicago mayors. Once known for its racial intolerance, Bridgeport today ranks as one of the city's most diverse neighborhoods.
Idia julia
Idia julia, or Julia's idia, is a litter moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by William Barnes and James Halliday McDunnough in 1918. It is found from southern Canada south to Georgia and Texas.

The wingspan is about 17 mm. There is one generation in the north and multiple generations in the south.

Larvae feed on detritus, including dead leaves.

Herminiinae
The Herminiinae are a subfamily of moths in the family Erebidae. The members of the subfamily are called litter moths because the caterpillars of most members feed on dead leaves of plants, though others feed on living leaves, and/or the mushrooms of fungi as in the case of genus Idia.
British Columbia Highway 10
Highway 10 is a minor east-west route through the southern portion of Greater Vancouver. Highway 10 is used mainly as a local access route in North Delta, Surrey and Langley, its former connector role between South Delta and Highway 1 having been taken over by the Highway 17 (South Fraser Perimeter Road).

Langley, British Columbia (district municipality)
The Township of Langley is a district municipality immediately east of the City of Surrey in southwestern British Columbia, Canada. It extends south from the Fraser River to the Canada–United States border, and west of the City of Abbotsford. Langley Township is not to be confused with the City of Langley, which is adjacent to the township but politically is a separate entity. Langley is located in the eastern part of Metro Vancouver.
Horaiya Koriyama General Gymnasium
Horaiya Koriyama General Gymnasium (郡山総合体育館, Koriyama Sogo Taiku-kan) is an arena in Kōriyama, Fukushima, Japan. It is the home arena of the Fukushima Firebonds of the B.League, Japan's professional basketball league.

Kōriyama
Kōriyama (郡山市, Kōriyama-shi) is a city in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 August 2023, the city had an estimated population of 321,938 people in 141760 households, and a population density of 425 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 757.20 square kilometers (292.36 sq mi). Kōriyama is designated as a core city and functions as a commercial center for Fukushima Prefecture. Kōriyama is the third largest conurbation in the Tōhoku region.
1994 Trofeo Villa de Madrid
The 1994 Trofeo Villa de Madrid, also known by its sponsored name Trofeo Grupo Zeta Villa de Madrid, was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Club de Tenis Chamartin in Madrid, Spain that was part of the World Series of the 1994 ATP Tour. It was the 23rd and last edition of the tournament and was played from 26 April until 1 May 1994. Fourth-seeded Thomas Muster won the singles title.

Madrid Tennis Grand Prix
The Madrid Tennis Grand Prix is a defunct professional men's tennis tournament that was played on outdoor clay courts in Madrid, Spain with the exception of the 1984 edition which was played on indoor carpet courts. It was part of the Grand Prix tennis circuit initially and later, the ATP World Series of the ATP Tour. The tournament was established in 1973,  and was played every year until 1994.
Coquainvilliers
Coquainvilliers (French pronunciation: [kɔkɛ̃vilje] ⓘ) is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.

Coquainvilliers, in the Pays d'Auge—a land of horsebreeding, apples, and cows—at the crossroad of the Touques Valley, 10 km (6.2 mi) from Pont-l'Évêque and 6 km (3.7 mi) from Lisieux

It hosts the Calvados brandy apple distillery Boulard.

Pays d'Auge
The Pays d'Auge (French pronunciation: [pei doʒ], literally Land of Auge) is an area in Normandy, straddling the départements of Calvados and Orne (plus a small part of the territory of Eure). The chief town is Lisieux.
Santoni (brand)
Santoni S.p.A. is an Italian fashion brand of luxury shoes founded in 1975 by Andrea Santoni. Santoni is headquartered in Corridonia, in the Marche region, an area known for shoemaking along the Adriatic Sea coast.

In the 1990's, under the leadership of Giuseppe Santoni, the company expanded internationally, entering various foreign markets. The brand is carried at directly owned retail stores and Nordstrom, Neiman Marcus and Bergdorf Goodman. Santoni has collaborated with IWC Schaffhausen in creating leather watch straps.
Santoni participates in the Italian luxury brand collective Altagamma, which promotes  Italian brands in design, fashion, food, jewelry, and other industries.

Altagamma
The Altagamma Foundation (Italian: Fondazione Altagamma) is an association of Italian luxury brands  in the   design, fashion, food and beverage, jewelry, automobile, and hospitality industries who are "recognized globally as authentic ambassadors of Italian style."
Papaver
Papaver /pəˈpeɪvər/ is a genus of 70–100 species of frost-tolerant annuals, biennials, and perennials native to temperate and cold regions of Eurasia, Africa and North America. It is the type genus of the poppy family, Papaveraceae.

Roemeria sicula
Roemeria sicula, the rough poppy or round pricklyhead poppy, is a widespread species of flowering plant in the poppy family. It is native to the Mediterranean region, and western Asia as far as the western Himalayas, and has been introduced to much of the rest of Europe, South Africa, all of Australia, some US states, Chile and Argentina. It is a minor weed of cereal crops, and its range is expected to greatly expand due to climate change.
MS Nordic Crown
MS  Nordic Crown is a cruiseferry operated by Gotlandsbolaget on a route connecting Copenhagen & Frederikshavn in Denmark to Oslo, Norway. The ship was built in 1994 by Brodosplit in Split, Croatia. She was originally ordered by Euroway and was to be called Frans Kockum but never sailed under that name. The ship was also temporarily renamed Thomas Mann during construction. She first sailed under the name Crown of Scandinavia, then Crown Seaways.

Nordic Crown has three sister ships: Mega Victoria (previously Amorella) in the Corsica Ferries fleet, Gabriella in the Viking Line fleet and Isabelle in the Tallink fleet.

Cruiseferry
A cruiseferry or cruise ferry is a ship that combines the features of a cruise ship and a Ro-Pax (roll-on/roll-off passenger) ferry. Many passengers travel with the ships for the cruise experience, staying only a few hours at the destination port or not leaving the ship at all, while others use the ships as means of transportation. Some operators prefer to refer to them as "cruise ships with car decks."

Cruiseferries are most common in the seas of Northern Europe, especially the Baltic Sea and the North Sea. However, similar ships traffic across the English Channel as well as the Irish Sea, Mediterranean and even on the North Atlantic. Cruiseferries also operate from India, China and Australia.
Richie Evans
Richard Ernest Evans (July 23, 1941 – October 24, 1985), was an American racing driver who won nine NASCAR National Modified Championships, including eight in a row from 1978 to 1985. The International Motorsports Hall of Fame lists this achievement as "one of the supreme accomplishments in motorsports". Evans won virtually every major race for asphalt modifieds, most of them more than once, including winning the Race of Champions three times. Evans was inducted into the NASCAR Hall of Fame on June 14, 2011. As one of the Class of 2012, Evans was one of the Hall's first 15 inductees, and was the first Hall of Famer from outside the now NASCAR Cup Series.

Holland Speedway
Holland Speedway is an automotive racing facility in Western New York which features a 0.375-mile (0.604 km) banked asphalt oval. The complex also includes a quarter mile “Figure 8” course and paintball park.
Geology of Staffordshire
This article describes the geology of the ceremonial county of Staffordshire, England which includes the modern administrative county together with the unitary district of Stoke-on-Trent but excludes those areas which were transferred to West Midlands in 1974.

The geology of Staffordshire in the West Midlands region of England is largely characterised by sedimentary bedrock of late Palaeozoic to early Mesozoic age overlain by a suite of superficial materials deposited during the Quaternary period. The extraction of coal, limestone and clay have been significant industries within the county.

Mudstone
Mudstone, a type of mudrock, is a fine-grained sedimentary rock whose original constituents were clays or muds. Mudstone is distinguished from shale by its lack of fissility.

The term mudstone is also used to describe carbonate rocks (limestone or dolomite) that are composed predominantly of carbonate mud. However, in most contexts, the term refers to siliciclastic mudstone, composed mostly of silicate minerals.

The NASA Curiosity rover has found deposits of mudstone on Mars that contain organic substances such as propane, benzene and toluene.
Volkswagen and unions
Workers of the German auto manufacturer Volkswagen Group are collectively organized and represented by unions and Works Councils across the globe. Workers are organized on multiple levels; locally, regionally, nationally, internationally and by marque.

Within Germany, the role of the union IG Metall and Works Councils at Volkswagen is unique, even compared with other large auto firms.

Volkswagen workers have some of the strongest organized labour power at any company in the world. These powers are codified in different collective agreements internationally. In Germany collective agreements cover 120,000 workers, almost the entire workforce.

Workers at all of its major locations are represented in the Global Works Council and local union bodies. VW Group has a tradition and practice of social partnership and co-determination rights between management and workers beyond the regulated standards.: 3

Group Works Council
A Group Works Council also called a Combine Works Council (German: Konzernbetriebsrat; KBR) can optionally be established by any Central Works Council belonging to the corporate group headquartered in Germany according to BetrVG § 54(1). Sections § 54-59a of the Works Constitution Act (BetrVG) directly pertain to Group Works Councils.
Luciano Paolucci Bedini
Luciano Paolucci Bedini (born 30 August 1968) is an Italian Roman Catholic prelate who is currently the Bishop of the Diocese of Gubbio and the Diocese of Città di Castello. Bedini was ordained a priest in the Archdiocese of Ancona–Osimo by its archbishop, Franco Festorazzi on 30 September 1995. Before that, he obtained a Bachelor of Theology from the Theological Institute of the Marches. Bedini then attended the Salesian Pontifical University in Rome from 1996 to 1999 and obtained a Licentiate in Theology. Bedini was appointed as the Bishop of the Diocese of Gubbio on 29 September 2017 and was ordained a bishop by Cardinal Edoardo Menichelli on 3 December 2017. On 7 May 2022, Bedini was appointed as the Bishop of the Diocese of Città di Castello, uniting it with the Diocese of Gubbio in persona Episcopi. He was installed to the position on 18 June 2022.

Edoardo Menichelli
Edoardo Menichelli (14 October 1939 – 20 October 2025) was an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church. He served as archbishop of the Archdiocese of Ancona-Osimo from 2004 to 2017. Pope Francis made him a cardinal on 14 February 2015.
Book of Ezekiel
The Book of Ezekiel is the third of the Latter Prophets in the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible) and one of the major prophetic books in the Christian Bible, where it follows Isaiah and Jeremiah. According to the book itself, it records six visions of the prophet Ezekiel, exiled in Babylon, during the 22 years from 593 to 571 BC. It is the product of a long and complex history and does not necessarily preserve the words of the prophet.

The visions and the book are structured around three themes: (1) judgment on Israel (chapters 1–24); (2) judgment on the nations (chapters 25–32); and (3) future blessings for Israel (chapters 33–48). Its themes include the concepts of the presence of God, purity, Israel as a divine community, and individual responsibility to God. Its later influence has included the development of mystical and apocalyptic traditions in Second Temple Judaism, Rabbinic Judaism, and Christianity.

Zadok
Zadok (/ˈzeɪdɒk/), also spelled Ṣadok, Ṣadoc, Zadoq, Tzadok or Tsadoq (Hebrew: צָדוֹק הַכֹּהֵן, romanized: Ṣādōq ha-Kōhēn; lit. 'righteous, justified'), was a Kohen (priest), biblically recorded to be a descendant of Eleazar the son of Aaron. He was the High Priest of Israel during the reigns of David and Solomon as kings of Israel. He aided King David during the revolt of his son Absalom, was subsequently instrumental in bringing Solomon to the throne, and officiated at Solomon's coronation. After Solomon's building of the First Temple in Jerusalem, Zadok was the first High Priest to serve there.

The prophet Ezekiel extols the sons of Zadok as staunch opponents of paganism during the era of pagan worship, and indicates their birthright to unique duties and privileges in the future temple.
Coat of arms of the Duchy of Czersk
Coat of arms of the Duchy of Czersk is a legendary creature in folklore of Masovia in Poland, that is depicted as a Slavic dragon or wyvern. It was used in the coat of arms of the Masovian Piast dynasty, most notably in the coat of arms of the Duchy of Czersk and the Duchy of Warsaw, where it was depicted respectively as a green and red dragon with red tongue and claws.

Warsaw West County
The Warsaw West County (Polish: powiat warszawski zachodni) is a county in Masovian Voivodeship, located in east-central Poland, with its seat of government located in Ożarów Mazowiecki. Other towns located in the county are: Łomianki, and Błonie. It was established on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms. Until 31 December 2005, its seat was located extraterritorially in the city of Warsaw.

The county covers an area of 532.99 square kilometres (205.8 sq mi). As of 2019, its total population is 117,783, out of which the population of Łomianki is 17,022, that of Błonie is 12,231, that of Ożarów Mazowiecki is 11,719, and the rural population is 76,781.
Network bridge
A network bridge is a computer networking device that creates a single, aggregate network from multiple communication networks or network segments. This function is called network bridging. Bridging is distinct from routing. Routing allows multiple networks to communicate independently and yet remain separate, whereas bridging connects two separate networks as if they were a single network. In the OSI model, bridging is performed in the data link layer (layer 2). If one or more segments of the bridged network are wireless, the device is known as a wireless bridge.

The main types of network bridging technologies are simple bridging, multiport bridging, and learning or transparent bridging.

Cut-through switching
In computer networking, cut-through switching, also called cut-through forwarding is a method for packet switching systems, wherein the switch starts forwarding a frame (or packet) before the whole frame has been received, normally as soon as the destination address and outgoing interface is determined. Compared to store and forward, this technique reduces latency through the switch and relies on the destination devices for error handling. Pure cut-through switching is only possible when the speed of the outgoing interface is at least equal or higher than the incoming interface speed.

Adaptive switching dynamically selects between cut-through and store and forward behaviors based on current network conditions.

Cut-through switching is closely associated with wormhole switching.
Tenshi Matsumoto
Tenshi Matsumoto (Japanese: 松本天志, Matsumoto Tenshi; born April 24, 2004) is a Japanese kickboxer, currently competing in the RISE promotion where he is the reigning Flyweight (-51.5 kg) Champion.

As of June 2025, he was the #8 ranked -53 kg kickboxer in the world by Beyond Kickboxing.

Riku Kazushima
Riku Kazushima (数島 大陸, Kazushima Riku; born December 28, 2002) is a Japanese kickboxer. He is the current RISE Flyweight champion.

As of December 2023, he was the #10 ranked Flyweight kickboxer in the world by Beyond Kick.
Devonport Leat
The Devonport Leat is a leat in Devon constructed in the 1790s to carry fresh drinking water from the high ground of Dartmoor to the expanding dockyards at Plymouth Dock (which was renamed as Devonport, Devon on 1 January 1824).

Princetown
Princetown is a village located within Dartmoor national park in the English county of Devon. It is the principal settlement of the civil parish of Dartmoor Forest. At the 2021 census, the village had a population of 1,443.

The village has its origins in 1785, when Sir Thomas Tyrwhitt, then secretary to the Prince of Wales, leased a large area of moorland from the Duchy of Cornwall estate, hoping to convert it into good farmland. He encouraged people to live in the area and suggested that a prison be built there. He called the settlement Princetown after the Prince of Wales.

Princetown is the site of Dartmoor Prison. At around 1,430 feet (435 m) above sea level, it is the highest settlement on the moor, and one of the highest in the United Kingdom. It is also the largest settlement located on the high moor. The Princetown Railway, closed in 1956, was also the highest railway line in England: its Princetown terminus was also 1,430 feet above sea level.