hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rail vehicle resistance
The rail vehicle resistance (or train resistance or simply resistance) is the total force necessary to maintain a rail vehicle in motion. This force depends on a number of variables and is of crucial importance for the energy efficiency of the vehicle as it is proportional to the locomotive power consumption. For the speed of the vehicle to remain the same, the locomotive must express the proper tractive force, otherwise the speed of the vehicle will change until this condition is met.

Drag (physics)
In fluid dynamics, drag, sometimes referred to as fluid resistance, and also known as viscous force, is a force acting opposite to the direction of motion of any object moving with respect to a surrounding fluid. This can exist between two fluid layers, or between a fluid and a solid surface. Drag forces tend to decrease fluid velocity relative to the solid object in the fluid's path.

Unlike other resistive forces, drag force depends on velocity. Drag force is proportional to the relative velocity for low-speed flow and is proportional to the velocity squared for high-speed flow. This distinction between low and high-speed flow is measured by the Reynolds number.
1977 Taipei Summit Open
The 1977 Taipei Summit Open was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts in Taipei, Taiwanthat was part of the 1977 Colgate-Palmolive Grand Prix. It was the inaugural edition of the tournament and was held from 21 November through 26 November 1977. First-seeded Tim Gullikson won the singles title.

1977 Grand Prix (tennis)
The 1977 Colgate-Palmolive Grand Prix was a professional tennis circuit administered by the International Lawn Tennis Federation (ILTF, later the ITF) which served as a forerunner to the current Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) World Tour and the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) Tour. The circuit consisted of the four modern Grand Slam tournaments and open tournaments recognised by the ILTF. The Colgate-Palmolive Masters is included in this calendar but did not count towards the Grand Prix ranking. Colgate-Palmolive was the new tour sponsor, taking over from Commercial Union. Guillermo Vilas won the Grand Prix circuit, having accumulated the most points (2,047), and received the largest share from the bonus pool ($300,000). The top eight points ranked singles players as well as the top four doubles teams qualified for the season-ending Masters tournament
Jovan Jovanović Zmaj Gymnasium
Jovan Jovanović Zmaj Gymnasium (Serbian: Гимназија "Јован Јовановић Змај", Gimnazija "Jovan Jovanović Zmaj") is a secondary school in Novi Sad, Serbia. It is named after Jovan Jovanović Zmaj, a Serb poet. It was founded in 1810 by a donation of a wealthy merchant Sava Vuković from Novi Sad. Over the years the school developed into a prestigious institution whose alumni include numerous notable historical individuals.

The school was rebuilt in the 20th century, using the donations of baron Miloš Bajić who gave 20,000 forints.

Đuro Daničić
Đuro Daničić (Serbian Cyrillic: Ђуро Даничић, pronounced [dʑǔːro dǎnit͡ʃit͡ɕ]; 4 April 1825 – 17 November 1882), born Đorđe Popović (Serbian Cyrillic: Ђорђе Поповић) and also known as Đura Daničić (Serbian Cyrillic: Ђура Даничић), was a Serbian philologist, translator, linguistic historian and lexicographer. He was a prolific scholar at the Belgrade Lyceum.
Theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics
The "theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics" is a term and slogan the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) uses to describe its ideology. It is also one of the four components of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Officially described as a scientific theoretical system, it consists of Deng Xiaoping Theory, Three Represents, Scientific Outlook on Development, and Xi Jinping Thought. It is officially described as the inheritance and development of Marxism–Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought.

Ideology of the Chinese Communist Party
The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) frames its ideology as Marxism–Leninism adapted to the historical context of China, which it calls the Sinicization of Marxism, often expressing it as socialism with Chinese characteristics. Major ideological contributions of the CCP's leadership are viewed as "Thought" or "Theory," with "Thought" carrying greater weight. Influential concepts include Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, and Xi Jinping Thought. Other important concepts include the socialist market economy, Jiang Zemin's idea of the Three Represents, and Hu Jintao's Scientific Outlook on Development.
Luce County, Michigan
Luce County (/luːs/ LOOS) is a county located in the Upper Peninsula in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the population was 5,339, making it the second-least populous county in Michigan (behind Keweenaw County). The county seat is Newberry, Luce County's only incorporated community. The county was set off and organized in 1887 and named after former Michigan Governor Cyrus G. Luce. In 2002, Newberry was designated as the moose capital of Michigan by the state legislature. Luce County is served by The Newberry News, a weekly community newspaper that began in 1886.

Keweenaw County, Michigan
Keweenaw County (/ˈkiːwənɔː/, KEE-wə-naw) is a county in the western Upper Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 2,046, making it Michigan's least populous county. It is also the state's largest county by total area, including the waters of Lake Superior, as well as the state's northernmost county. The county seat is Eagle River.

Located at the northeastern end of the Keweenaw Peninsula, Keweenaw County is part of the Houghton, Michigan micropolitan area. Keweenaw County contains two National Park Service units: Isle Royale National Park and Keweenaw National Historical Park. The county is part of Michigan's Copper Country region, an area where copper mining was prevalent from the 1840s to the 1960s.
Operation Dove (Ireland)
Operation Dove ("Unternehmen Taube" in German) also sometimes known as Operation Pigeon, was an Abwehr sanctioned mission devised in early 1940. The plan envisioned the transport of IRA Chief of Staff Seán Russell to Ireland, and on the arrival of Frank Ryan in Berlin three days before the launch of the operation, it was also decided to transport him during the operation.

Operation Mainau
Operation Mainau (German: Unternehmen „Mainau“) was a German espionage mission during the Second World War. It was sanctioned and planned by the German secret service (Abwehr) and executed successfully in May 1940. The mission plan involved inserting Abwehr agent Hermann Görtz into Ireland by parachute.

Görtz successfully landed and established contact with his IRA contact "V-Held" (Agent Hero in German), real name Seamus "Jim" O'Donovan.
Athletics at the 1992 Summer Olympics – Men's 110 metres hurdles
The men's 110 metres hurdles at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain took place on 2 and 3 August 1992. Thirty-nine athletes from 27 nations competed. The maximum number of athletes per nation had been set at 3 since the 1930 Olympic Congress. The event was won by Mark McKoy of Canada, the nation's second title in the event and first since 1920. It broke a two-Games streak of American victories.

Athletics at the 1992 Summer Olympics
At the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, 43 events in athletics were contested, 24 events by men and 19 by women. The competition ran from July 31, 1992, to August 9, 1992. Fourteen world record-holders (eight men and six women) were among the contenders. Thirty former Olympic champions competed, and a total number of 1725 athletes from 156 countries.
GBR code
The GBR code (or Guy–Blandford–Roycroft code) is a system of representing the position of chess pieces on a chessboard. Publications such as EG use it to classify endgame types and to index endgame studies.

The code is named after Richard Guy, Hugh Blandford and John Roycroft. The first two devised the original system (the Guy–Blandford code) using different figures to represent the number of pieces.  Roycroft suggested to count one for a white piece and three for a black piece in order to make the code easier to memorise.

Endgame study
In the game of chess, an endgame study, or just study, is a type of chess problem that starts with a composed position—i.e. one that has been made up rather than played in an actual game—where the goal is to find the essentially unique way for one side (usually White) to win or draw, as stipulated, against any moves the other side plays. If the study does not end in the end of the game, then the game's eventual outcome should be obvious, and White can have a selection of various moves. There is no limit to the number of moves which are allowed to achieve the win; this distinguishes studies from the genre of direct mate problems (e.g. "mate in 2"). Such problems also differ qualitatively from the very common genre of tactical puzzles based around the middlegame, often based on an actual game, where a decisive tactic must be found.
Vestfjellet
Vestfjellet is a mountain in Holmestrand Municipality in Vestfold county, Norway. The 634-metre (2,080 ft) tall mountain is the highest point in Vestfold county. The mountain is located about 4.5 kilometres (2.8 mi) west of the village of Eidsfoss and about 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) to the northwest of the village of Hof. The mountain is surrounded by several other notable mountains including Skibergfjellet to the north, Grøntjernkollen to the southwest, and Buaren to the south. The lake Eikeren is located to the north of the mountain.

At the top of Vestfjellet, there are good panoramic views of large mountains such as Gaustatoppen and Styggmann as well as the large river Lågen and lakes such as Eikeren, Hajeren, and Øksne.

Hof, Vestfold
Hof is a village in Holmestrand Municipality in Vestfold county, Norway. The village is located about 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) northwest of the town of Holmestrand, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) southwest of the village of Sande i Vestfold, and about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) south of the village of Eidsfoss. The smaller villages of Sundbyfoss and Hvittingfoss are both located a short distance south of Hof.

The 0.82-square-kilometre (200-acre) village has a population (2023) of 915 and a population density of 1,112 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,880/sq mi).

Hof Prison was located in the village until its closure in 2019.
Four Moons
Four Moons (Spanish: Cuatro lunas) is a 2014 Mexican drama directed by Sergio Tovar Velarde.
It stars Antonio Velázquez, Alejandro de la Madrid, César Ramos, Gustavo Egelhaaf, Alonso Echánove, Alejandro Belmonte, Karina Gidi and Juan Manuel Bernal. It was one of fourteen films shortlisted by Mexico to be their submission for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film at the 88th Academy Awards, but it lost out to 600 Miles. Alonso Echánove was nominated for an Ariel Award for Best Supporting Actor in 2015 for his role in Cuatro Lunas.

600 Miles
600 Miles (Spanish: 600 Millas) is a 2015 Mexican drama film directed by Gabriel Ripstein. It was screened in the Panorama section of the 65th Berlin International Film Festival where it won the award for Best First Feature. It was one of fourteen films shortlisted by Mexico to be their submission for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film at the 88th Academy Awards. On 17 September 2015 it was selected to represent Mexico for the Foreign Language Oscar but it was not nominated.
Rajendranagar Assembly constituency
Rajendranagar Assembly constituency is a legislative constituency of Telangana Legislative Assembly, India. It is one of the constituencies in Ranga Reddy district. It is part of Chevella Lok Sabha constituency. It is also one of the 24 constituencies of Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation.

T. Prakash Goud is currently representing the constituency. He joined Indian National Congress in 2024.

Ranga Reddy district
Ranga Reddy district is a district in the Indian state of Telangana. The district headquarters is located at Kongara Kalan Village, Ibrahimpatnam Mandal. The district was named after the former deputy chief minister of the United Andhra Pradesh, K. V. Ranga Reddy. The district shares boundaries with Nalgonda, Yadadri, Hyderabad, Medchal–Malkajgiri, Nagarkurnool, Mahabubnagar, Sangareddy and Vikarabad districts.
2026 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election
The 2026 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election will take place on November 3, 2026, to elect the governor of Pennsylvania. Primary elections will be held on May 19, 2026. Incumbent Democratic Governor Josh Shapiro announced in January 2026 that he would run for re-election to a second term. This will be one of five Democratic-held governorships up for election in 2026 in a state that Donald Trump won in the 2024 presidential election.

Treasurer of Pennsylvania
The treasurer of Pennsylvania is the head of the Pennsylvania Treasury Department, an independent department of the commonwealth's government. The treasurer is elected every four years. The current treasurer is Republican Stacy Garrity.
St. Augustine National Cemetery
St. Augustine National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located in the city of St. Augustine in St. Johns County, Florida. Located on the grounds of the active military installation known as St. Francis Barracks, the state headquarters of the Florida National Guard, it encompasses 1.4 acres (0.57 ha), and as of the end of 2005 had 2,788 interments. Administered by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, it is currently closed to new interments.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016.

United States National Cemetery System
The United States National Cemetery System is a system of 164 military cemeteries in the United States and its territories. The authority to create military burial places came during the American Civil War, in an act passed by the U.S. Congress on July 17, 1862.  By the end of 1862, 12 national cemeteries had been established. Two of the nation's most iconic military cemeteries, Arlington National Cemetery which is under the jurisdiction of the Department of the Army, and Gettysburg National Cemetery, under the jurisdiction of the National Park Service, were established in 1864 and 1863, respectively.
GEPetrol
GEPetrol is the national oil company of Equatorial Guinea.  The company was founded in 2002 after the writing of a presidential decree.  The company reports to the Ministry of Mines, Industry and Energy. GEPetrol's director is Teresa Isabel Nnang Avomo.  The company maintains its office in Malabo.

In October 2017, Kosmos Energy signed three production-sharing contracts with Equatorial Guinea for the EG-21, S, and W offshore blocks. Under the contract, Kosmos will hold an 80% stake in each block, while a national GEPetrol will hold the remaining stake.

In September 2018, two former oil executives from SBM Offshore were sentenced to prison and fined for involvement in an international bribery scheme involving officials from GEPetrol and a number of other state-owned oil companies.

National oil company
A national oil company (NOC) is a petroleum company that is fully or partly owned by the government of a sovereign nation.: 3  NOCs produce about half the world’s oil and gas.

Due to their increasing dominance over global reserves, the importance of NOCs has risen dramatically in recent decades relative to International Oil Companies (IOCs), such as BP, ExxonMobil or Shell plc. NOCs are also increasingly investing outside their national borders.
Diocese of Nottingham
The Diocese of Nottingham (Latin: Dioecesis Nottinghamensis) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic church in England and a suffragan of the Metropolitan Diocese of Westminster.

The diocese covers an area of 13,074 square kilometres (5,048 sq mi), taking in the English counties of Nottinghamshire (now excluding the district of Bassetlaw), Leicestershire, most of Derbyshire, Rutland and Lincolnshire. The episcopal seat is the Cathedral Church of St Barnabas in Nottingham.

Patrick McKinney is the 10th bishop of Nottingham.

Mount St Bernard Abbey
Mount St Bernard Abbey is a Roman Catholic monastery belonging to the Trappist Order, near Coalville, Leicestershire, England, founded in 1835 in the parish of Whitwick and now in that of Charley. The abbey was the first permanent monastery to be founded in England since the Reformation and is the sole Trappist house in England. The monks brew the only Trappist beer in Britain.
COVID-19 pandemic in Afghanistan
The COVID-19 pandemic in Afghanistan was part of the worldwide pandemic of COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus was confirmed to have spread to Afghanistan when its index case, in Herat, was confirmed on 24 February 2020.

As of 24 January 2026, there have been 235,214 confirmed positive cases and 7,998 deaths. As of 13 September 2021, there have been 118,180 recoveries. Kabul Province has had the highest number of COVID-19 cases in Afghanistan, at 18,896, followed by Herat with 9,343 cases, and Balkh with 3,431. However, on 5 August 2020, an official survey from the Ministry of Public Health reported that approximately a third of the country's population, or roughly 10 million people had contracted COVID-19.

Daikundi Province
Daikundi is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan. It has a population of about 516,504, most of whom are peasants, traders, and shop owners.

Daikundi falls into the traditionally ethnic Hazara region known as the Hazarajat in the highlands of central Afghanistan with the provincial capital, Nili. It was carved out from the northern part of Uruzgan Province in 2004, becoming a separate province.

Daikundi is surrounded by Bamyan Province in the northeast, Ghazni Province in the southeast, Uruzgan Province in the south, Helmand Province in the southwest, and Ghor Province in the northwest.
Shah Sohail Masood
Shah Sohail Masood (Urdu: شاہ سہیل مسعود) is a retired vice admiral and navigator of the Pakistan Navy, serving as Managing director of Bahria Foundation since 2018. As a naval commander, he served at the Naval Staff Strategic Forces Command, commanding officer of PNS Hangor, including armed units such as Squadron (COMSUBS) and Pakistan Navy Northern Command.

From 1990 to 1993, he was assigned to onboard submarines and combatant ships, including Royal Saudi Navy where he served on deputation.

Military education and training
Military education and training is a process which intends to establish and improve the capabilities of military personnel in their respective roles. Military training may be voluntary or compulsory duty. It begins with recruit training, proceeds to education and training specific to military roles, and sometimes includes additional training during a military career. Directing staff are the military personnel who comprise the instructional staff at a military training institution.

In some countries, military education and training are parts of the compulsory education. The organizers believe that military education can bring some benefits and experiences that cannot be obtained from normal class like setback education. Moreover, participants are able to learn survival skills during the military education, like co-operations and resilience, which help participants improve the capabilities of military personnel in their respective roles.
Vermont statistical areas
The U.S. State of Vermont currently has eight statistical areas that have been delineated by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). On July 21, 2023, the OMB delineated two combined statistical areas, one metropolitan statistical area, and five micropolitan statistical areas in Vermont. As of 2023, the largest of these is the Burlington-South Burlington-Barre, VT CSA, comprising the area around Vermont's largest city, Burlington.

Core-based statistical area
A core-based statistical area (CBSA) is a U.S. geographic area defined by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). It contains a large population nucleus, or urban area, and adjacent communities that have a high degree of integration with that nucleus.

On July 15, 2015, the OMB released new standards based on the 2010 census. These standards are used to replace the definitions of metropolitan areas from the 2010 United States census data.
Nabitan
Nabitan (nabutam, benzopyranoperidine, SP-106, Abbott 40656) is a synthetic cannabinoid analog of dronabinol (Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol) and dimethylheptylpyran. It exhibits antiemetic and analgesic effects, most likely by binding to and activating the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors, and reduced intraocular pressure in animal tests, making it potentially useful in the treatment of glaucoma.

Nabitan has the advantage of being water-soluble, unlike most cannabinoid derivatives, and was researched for potential use as an analgesic or sedative, although it was never developed for clinical use and is not currently used in medicine, as dronabinol or nabilone were felt to be more useful. However, it is sometimes used in research into the potential therapeutic applications of cannabinoids.

Nabilone
Nabilone, sold under the brand name Cesamet among others, is a synthetic cannabinoid with therapeutic use as an antiemetic and as an adjunct analgesic for neuropathic pain. It mimics tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the primary psychoactive compound found naturally occurring in Cannabis.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States has indicated nabilone for chemotherapy-induced nausea/vomiting. In other countries, such as Canada, it is widely used as an adjunct therapy for chronic pain management. Numerous trials and case studies have demonstrated modest effectiveness for relieving fibromyalgia and multiple sclerosis.
Shorty's Lunch
Shorty's Lunch is a Washington, Pennsylvania-based hot dog lunch counter. A "local landmark," Shorty's Lunch was opened by “Shorty” Contorakes, it’s been owned by the Alexas family since the 1930s. It has two locations, including the main facility on West Chestnut Street in Washington, as well as in Canton. The main restaurant has old wooden booths, a dining counter, as well as a large storefront, showing the grill to pedestrians.

Observer–Reporter
The Observer–Reporter is a daily newspaper covering Washington County, Greene County, and the Mon Valley in Pennsylvania, with some overlap into the South Hills of Pittsburgh. The newspaper was published by the Observer Publishing Company in the city of Washington, Pennsylvania.
Isle of Wight Festival 2003
The Isle of Wight Festival 2003 was the second revived Isle of Wight Festival to take place on the Seaclose Park site in Newport on the Isle of Wight. It was the first to take place on the second weekend in June, which would be then set as the Festival's annual date.

A follow-up to Rock Island 2002, the event was taken over by promoters 'Solo' and was thus the first curated by John Giddings. Attendance was around 14,000.

Isle of Wight Festival
The Isle of Wight Festival is a British music festival which takes place annually in Newport on the Isle of Wight, England. It was originally a counterculture event held from 1968 to 1970.

The 1970 event was by far the largest of these early festivals and the unexpectedly high attendance levels led, in 1971, to Parliament adding a section to the Isle of Wight County Council Act 1971 preventing overnight open-air gatherings of more than 5,000 people on the island without a special licence from the council. The event was revived in 2002 with Rock Island 2002, and has since been held annually, except for 2020 when it was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.