hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sora (text-to-video model)
Sora is a text-to-video model and social media app developed by OpenAI. The model generates short video clips based on prompts, and can also extend existing short videos. In February 2024, OpenAI previewed examples of its output to the public, with the first generation of Sora released publicly for ChatGPT Plus and ChatGPT Pro users in the US and Canada in December 2024, and the second generation, called Sora 2, was released to select users in the US and Canada at the end of September 2025. It integrates social media features.

By default, the generator uses copyrighted material in its videos, unless copyright holders actively opt-out of having their content included.  Videos contain a visible, moving digital watermark to prevent misuse, however a week after Sora 2's release third-party programs became prevalent which could remove the watermark.

Runway (company)
Runway AI, Inc. (also known as Runway and RunwayML) is an American company headquartered in New York City that specializes in generative artificial intelligence research and technologies. The company is primarily focused on creating products for generating videos, images, and various multimedia content through developing commercial text-to-video and video generative AI models.

Runway's tools and AI models have been utilized in films such as Everything Everywhere All at Once, and in editing television shows like The Late Show with Stephen Colbert.
One Too Many (song)
"One Too Many" is a song by Australian and American singer Keith Urban and American pop singer Pink from Urban's eleventh studio album, The Speed of Now Part 1 (2020). The song was written by Peter Wallevik & Daniel Davidsen (collectively known as PhD), Cleo Tighe, James Norton (aka Boy Matthews), and Mich Hansen (aka Cutfather). "One Too Many" was debuted at the 55th Academy of Country Music Awards on 16 September 2020 and was released that day as the third single from The Speed of Now Part 1. The song has been serviced to both country and pop radio formats in various territories.

At the 2021 ARIA Music Awards, the song was nominated for Song of the Year.

At the 2022 Queensland Music Awards, the release won Highest Selling Single of the Year.

The Speed of Now Part 1
The Speed of Now Part 1 is the eleventh studio album by Australian and American country music singer Keith Urban. The album was released on 18 September 2020 via Hit Red and Capitol Records Nashville.

The album won the Highest Selling Album at the 2021 Queensland Music Awards.
Rock Island 886
Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific 886 (previously known as Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific 887) is a 4-6-2 Pacific type steam locomotive built in 1910 by the American Locomotive Company for the Rock Island Railroad. It is located in Illinois.

Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad
The original Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad (CRI&P RW, sometimes called Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railway) (reporting marks CRI&P, RI, ROCK) was an American Class I railroad. It was also known as the Rock Island Line, or, in its final years, The Rock.

At the end of 1970, it operated 7,183 miles of road on 10,669 miles of track; that year it reported 20,557 million ton-miles of revenue freight and 118 million passenger miles. (Those totals may or may not include the former Burlington-Rock Island Railroad.)

"Rock Island Line", a folk song from the late 1920s, first recorded in 1934, was inspired by the railway.
Pervomayskoye, Leningrad Oblast
60°20′N 29°47′E﻿ / ﻿60.333°N 29.783°E﻿ / 60.333; 29.783

Pervomayskoye (Russian: Первома́йское; Finnish: Kivennapa) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Vyborgsky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the Karelian Isthmus, 60 kilometers (37 mi) northwest of St. Petersburg. It serves as the administrative center of Pervomayskoye Settlement Municipal Formation—an administrative division of the district—as well as of Pervomayskoye Rural Settlement, which that administrative division is municipally incorporated as. Population: 4,469 (2010 Census); 4,496 (2002 Census).

Prior to 1944, Pervomayskoye was a part of Finland. It was then known as Kivennapa.

Vyborgsky District, Leningrad Oblast
Vyborgsky District (Russian: Вы́боргский райо́н, romanized: Výborgskiy raión, IPA: [ˈvɨbərkskʲɪj rɐˈjɵn]) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Leningrad Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northwest of the oblast on the Karelian Isthmus and borders with Priozersky District in the northeast, Vsevolozhsky District in the east, Kurortny District of the federal city of St. Petersburg in the south, Kymenlaakso and South Karelia regions of Finland in the northwest, and Lakhdenpokhsky District of the Republic of Karelia in the north. From the southwest, the district is limited by the Gulf of Finland. The area of the district is 7,475.472 square kilometers (2,886.296 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Vyborg. Population (excluding the administrative center): 120,446 (2010 Census); 113,748 (2002 Census); 108,571 (1989 Soviet census).
Collyweston Great Wood and Easton Hornstocks
Collyweston Great Wood and Easton Hornstocks is a 151.5-hectare (374-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest north of King's Cliffe in Northamptonshire. The site is a National Nature Reserve and a Nature Conservation Review site, Grade I. The site is 14 kilometres (8.7 miles) west of Peterborough and the nearest villages are Collyweston, which is 1 kilometre (0.62 miles) north west of the site, and Duddington which is a similar distance to the west.

A Nature Conservation Review
A Nature Conservation Review is a two-volume work by Derek Ratcliffe, published by Cambridge University Press in 1977. It set out to identify the most important places for nature conservation in Great Britain. It is often known by the initials NCR, and sites listed in it are termed "NCR sites".

The approach adopted by Ratcliffe was adapted and applied to the selection of sites important for geological conservation in the Geological Conservation Review. A Marine Nature Conservation Review has also been published.

Volume 1 set out the rationale and methods used, and gave descriptions of the major habitat types.

Volume 2 consisted entirely of a site inventory. Sites were grouped into six major habitat types:

Coastal sites - 135 sites

Woodlands - 234 sites

Lowland grasslands, heaths and scrub - 159 sites

Open waters - 99 sites

Peatlands - 116 sites

Upland grasslands and heaths - 101 sites
2019 AFC Beach Soccer Championship
The 2019 AFC Beach Soccer Championship was the ninth edition of the AFC Beach Soccer Championship (second official), the premier beach soccer tournament contested by Asian men's national teams, organised by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC).

The tournament took place in Pattaya, Thailand between 7–17 March 2019. The championship also acts as the qualification tournament for Asian teams to the 2019 FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup in Paraguay; the top three teams qualify.

Iran were the defending champions but failed to defend the title after losing Japan in the quarter-final. Japan becomes the champion after beating UAE in final, becoming the first team to win the tournament three times.

AFC Beach Soccer Asian Cup
The AFC Beach Soccer Asian Cup is the main championship for beach soccer in Asia, contested between the senior men's national teams of the members of the Asian Football Confederation (AFC). It is the sport's version of the better known AFC Asian Cup in association football.

The winners of the championship are crowned continental champions; the tournament also acts as the qualification route for Asian nations to the upcoming edition of the FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup. Coinciding with the annual staging of the World Cup, the competition took place yearly until 2009; the World Cup then became biennial, and as its supplementary qualification event, the championship followed suit. Japan are the most successful nation with three titles and having also qualified for the World Cup on every occasion
Centered set
In mathematics, in the area of order theory, an upwards centered set S is a subset of a partially ordered set, P, such that any finite subset of S has an upper bound in P. Similarly, any finite subset of a downwards centered set has a lower bound. An upwards centered set can also be called a consistent set. 
Any directed set is necessarily centered, and any centered set is a linked set.

A subset B of a partial order is said to be σ-centered if it is a countable union of centered sets.

Upper and lower bounds
In mathematics, particularly in order theory, an upper bound or majorant of a subset S of some preordered set (K, ≤) is an element of K that is greater than or equal to every element of S.
Dually, a lower bound or minorant of S is defined to be an element of K that is less than or equal to every element of S. 
A set with an upper (respectively, lower) bound is said to be bounded from above or majorized (respectively bounded from below or minorized) by that bound. 
The terms bounded above (bounded below) are also used in the mathematical literature for sets that have upper (respectively lower) bounds.
Igor Kolyvanov
Igor Vladimirovich Kolyvanov (Russian: Игорь Владимирович Колыванов; born 6 March 1968) is a Russian football manager and a former player. During his playing career, he played as a striker, accumulating 90 goals scored in 333 games at the top level in the Soviet Union as well as in Italy.

He was the head coach of the Russia U17 national team that won the UEFA U-17 Championship in 2006. During his playing career he played for Dynamo Moscow, Foggia, and Bologna, and was a regular member of the Russia national side.

2006 UEFA European Under-17 Championship
The 2006 UEFA European Under-17 Championship was the fifth edition of UEFA's European Under-17 Football Championship. Luxembourg hosted the championship, during 3–14 May. Russia defeated the Czech Republic in the final to win the competition for the first time. Players born after 1 January 1989 could participate in this competition.
Rugby Football Union of East Africa
The Rugby Football Union of East Africa (RFUEA) is an umbrella union for the Kenya Rugby Football Union, Tanzania Rugby Football Union and Uganda Rugby Football Union.  It owes its existence to the fact that, prior to independence, Kenya, Tanzania (previously Tanganyika) and Uganda were either a protectorate or mandate of the British Empire.  It now has little to do with the direct administration of the modern game but it continues to exist in order (in conjunction with the Rugby Patrons Society) to promote and support the game in the three countries, to facilitate club competition between the three unions and to administer the RFUEA Ground and the East Africa rugby union team.

At a recent meeting, the International Rugby Board (IRB) president, Bernard Lepasset has expressed support for taking the RFUEA out of mothballs so that it can be charged with running events like the Victoria Cup and the East African Super Series.

Uganda Rugby Union
The Uganda Rugby Union is the governing body for rugby union in Uganda.  It was established in 1959 and is responsible for organising local competitions and the Rugby Cranes national representative team.  The URU is a member of both World Rugby and Rugby Africa.
Ocean Drilling Program
The Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) was part of an international project to explore and study the composition and structure of Earth's oceanic basins. This collaborative effort spanned multiple decades and produced comprehensive data that improved understanding of oceanic processes and advanced several fields in Earth science.

Oceanic basin
In hydrology, an oceanic basin (or ocean basin) is anywhere on Earth that is covered by seawater. Geologically, most of the ocean basins are large geologic basins that are below sea level.

Most commonly the ocean is divided into basins following the continents distribution: the North and South Atlantic (together approximately 75 million km2/ 29 million mi2), North and South Pacific (together approximately 155 million km2/ 59 million mi2), Indian Ocean (68 million km2/ 26 million mi2) and Arctic Ocean (14 million km2/ 5.4 million mi2). Also recognized is the Southern Ocean (20 million km2/ 7 million mi2). All ocean basins collectively cover 67% of the Earth's surface, and together they contain almost 97% of all water on the planet. They have an average depth of almost 4 km (about 2.5 miles).
Fault zone hydrogeology
Fault zone hydrogeology is the study of how brittlely deformed rocks alter fluid flows in different lithological settings, such as clastic, igneous and carbonate rocks. Fluid movements, that can be quantified as permeability, can be facilitated or impeded due to the existence of a fault zone. This is because different mechanisms that deform rocks can alter porosity and permeability within a fault zone. Fluids involved in a fault system generally are groundwater (fresh and marine waters) and hydrocarbons (Oil and Gas).

Take notice that permeability (k) and hydraulic conductivity (K) are used interchangeably in this article for simplified understanding

Pressure solution
In structural geology and diagenesis, pressure solution or pressure dissolution is a deformation mechanism that involves the dissolution of minerals at grain-to-grain contacts into an aqueous pore fluid in areas of relatively high stress and either deposition in regions of relatively low stress within the same rock or their complete removal from the rock within the fluid. It is an example of diffusive mass transfer.

The detailed kinetics of the process was reviewed by Rutter (1976), and since then such kinetics has been used in
many applications in earth sciences.
Belarus in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2016
Belarus was represented at the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2016. The Belarusian entry for the 2016 contest in Valletta, Malta was selected through a national final organised by the Belarusian broadcaster Belarusian Television and Radio Company (BTRC). A national final of ten competing acts participated in a televised production where the winner was determined by a 50/50 combination of votes from jury members made up of music professionals and a public telephone vote. On 26 August 2016, Alexander Minyonok was selected to represent Belarus with the song "Musyka moikh pobed (Music is my only way)".

Belarus in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest
Belarus has been represented at the Junior Eurovision Song Contest in every edition since its inception in 2003 until 2020. The Belarusian participating broadcaster in the contest is Belarusian Television and Radio Company (BTRC). The broadcaster hosted the contest at the Minsk-Arena in 2010 and again in 2018. Its first entry at the 2003 contest was "Tantsuy" by Volha Satsiuk, which finished in fourth place out of sixteen participating entries, achieving a score of 103 points.

Belarus was one of two countries to have never missed an edition of the contest, the other one being the Netherlands, until the broadcaster was expelled from the EBU in 2021. It is also one of the two countries, along with Serbia, to have participated in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest before debuting in the adult one. The country hosted the contest at the Minsk-Arena in 2010 and again in 2018.
Stoke railway station, Tasman Region
Stoke railway station was a single-platform provincial railway station serving the town of Stoke, south of Nelson in New Zealand’s South Island.  It was one of 25 stations on the Nelson Section, and existed from 1876 to 1955.

Facilities at the station included a small wooden station building, a thirty-one wagon loop, a loading bank and stockyards.

Nelson section
The Nelson section was an isolated government-owned railway line between Nelson and Glenhope in the Tasman district of New Zealand's South Island. While part of the New Zealand Government Railways, the section was never connected to the national railway network, although there were plans to do so. The line operated for 79 years between 1876 and 1955. Unusually for an isolated line, there were passenger and freight services for most of its existence, with freight outlasting passenger services by just a year.

This line is noteworthy for several reasons, including being the last completely isolated section of the government-owned railway network; gaining a reprieve after being closed for the first time until being closed for a second – and final – time; and, its route was chosen to serve existing communities in Nelson's hinterland rather than being constructed to open up new areas for development or serve specific industries.
Costa's hummingbird
Costa's hummingbird (Calypte costae) is a species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae. It breeds in the arid, semi-arid and Mediterranean climate zones of the Southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico, mainly in Southern California and the Baja California Peninsula. Like many hummingbirds in the region, it can be found on the Pacific coast, often visiting backyard hummingbird feeders and gardens with flowering plants, as well as in more wild ecosystems, such as the conifer and oak forests, chaparral, and high desert habitats found further inland. When not in the US, the species often winters in western Mexico.

Gorget (bird)
A gorget (/ˈɡɔːrdʒɪt/ GOR-jit) is a patch of colored feathers found on the throat or upper breast of some species of birds. It is a feature found on many male hummingbirds, particularly those found in North America; these gorgets are typically iridescent. Other species, such as the purple-throated fruitcrow and chukar partridge, also show the feature. The term is derived from the gorget used in military armor to protect the throat (which is called gorge in French).

Feather wear and exposure to the sun can produce changes in the apparent color of iridescent gorget feathers.  For example, fresh gorget feathers on the Anna's hummingbird are rose red; these fade to a coppery bronzy color with age.
Middle of the road (music)
Middle of the road (also known by its acronym MOR) is a commercial radio format. Music associated with this term is strongly melodic and uses techniques of vocal harmony and light orchestral arrangements. The format was similar to soft adult contemporary. In the mid-late 2000s the term "middle of the road" became used by journalists as a way to describe musicians and bands such as Train and Westlife who calibrated their musical appeal to commercial, popular music taste and avoided more innovative material.

Soft rock
Soft rock (also known as light rock, mellow rock or adult-oriented rock) is a form of rock music that originated in the late 1960s in the United States and the United Kingdom which smoothed over the edges of singer-songwriter and pop rock, relying on simple, melodic songs with big, lush productions. Soft rock was prevalent on the radio throughout the 1970s and eventually metamorphosed into a form of the synthesized music of adult contemporary in the 1980s.
Västra Trädgårdsgatan
Västra Trädgårdsgatan is a street at Norrmalm in Stockholm, Sweden. The street stretches from Kungsträdgården to Hamngatan and to Jakobsgatan.

The Matchstick Palace is located on Västra Trädgårdsgatan.

Hamngatan
Hamngatan (Swedish: Port Street) is a street in central Stockholm. It goes from Sergels torg down to Nybroplan, past NK department store, Kungsträdgården, Norrmalmstorg, and Berzelii Park. The Djurgården line travels along this street between Nybroplan and Norrmalmstorg.

59°20.0′N 18°04.2′E﻿ / ﻿59.3333°N 18.0700°E﻿ / 59.3333; 18.0700
Yamari
A Yamari (གཤིན་རྗེ་གཤེད shin je she in Tibetan) is a yidam or meditation deity of the Anuttara Yoga Tantra method (father) classification. The Word यमारि yamāri in Sanskrit means Yama's Enemy There are three types of Yamari:

Krishna Yamari (shin je she nag in Tibetan)

Rakta Yamari (shin je she mar in Tibetan and ‘the Red Enemy of Death’ in English)

Yamantaka (གཤིན་རྗེ་གཤེད gshin rje gshed in Tibetan) sometimes referred to as Vajrabhairava (རྡོ་རྗེ་འཇིགས་བྱེད། dor je jig je in Tibetan)

Classes of Tantra in Tibetan Buddhism
Classes of Tantra in Tibetan Buddhism refers to the categorization of Buddhist tantric scriptures in Indo-Tibetan Buddhism. Tibetan Buddhism inherited numerous tantras and forms of tantric practice from medieval Indian Buddhist Tantra. There were various ways of categorizing these tantras in India. In Tibet, the Sarma (New Translation) schools categorize tantric scriptures into four classes, while the Nyingma (Ancients) school use six classes of tantra.
Whitworth Society
The Whitworth Society was founded in 1923 by Henry Selby Hele-Shaw, then president of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Its purposes are to promote engineering in the United Kingdom, and more specifically to support all Whitworth Scholars, the recipients of a scholarship funded by Joseph Whitworth's scholarship scheme, which started in 1868.  A Whitworth Scholar is the result of completing a successful Whitworth Scholarship. Membership of the Society is limited to Whitworth Scholars, Senior Scholars, Fellows, Exhibitioners and Prizemen. The Society is a way for making contact with all successful "Whitworths" and provides a way for making information contacts and connections from more senior members to recently successful Scholars. The Society also serves as a way to commemorate Joseph Whitworth and acknowledge his contributions to engineering education.

Post-nominal letters
Post-nominal letters, also called post-nominal initials, post-nominal titles, designatory letters, or simply post-nominals, are letters placed after a person's name to indicate that the individual holds a position, an academic degree, accreditation, an office, a military decoration, or honour, or is a member of a religious institute or fraternity. An individual may use several different sets of post-nominal letters, but in some contexts it may be customary to limit the number of sets to one or just a few. The order in which post-nominals are listed after a name is based on rules of precedence and what is appropriate for a given situation. Post-nominal letters are one of the main types of name suffix. In contrast, pre-nominal letters precede the name rather than follow it, such as addressing a physician or professor as "Dr. Smith".
Godega di Sant'Urbano
Godega di Sant'Urbano (Italian: [ˈɡoːdeɡa di santurˈbaːno]), also known simply as Godega (Venetian: Gódega [ˈɡodeɡa]), is a comune (municipality) in the province of Treviso, in the Italian region of Veneto, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) north of Venice and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northeast of Treviso.

Godega di Sant'Urbano borders the following municipalities: Codogné, Colle Umberto, Cordignano, Gaiarine, Orsago, San Fior.

Cordignano
Cordignano is a comune (municipality), with 6,812 inhabitants in the province of Treviso, in the Italian region of Veneto and borders the following municipalities: Caneva (PN), Cappella Maggiore, Colle Umberto, Fregona, Godega di Sant'Urbano, Orsago, Sacile (PN).
1923 Duluth Kelleys season
The 1923 Duluth Kelleys season was their inaugural season in the National Football League (NFL). The team — typically referred to by their official name, Kelley–Duluth, in the press of the day — finished 4–3, seventh place in the 17-team league.

The team was captained by a former and future Chicago Bear, Joey Sternaman, younger brother of that team's co-owner and leading offensive star, Dutch Sternaman.

Edward Sternaman
Edward Carl "Dutch" Sternaman (February 9, 1895 – February 1, 1973) was an American player and owner in professional football for the Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL). A star halfback for the University of Illinois, Sternaman was one of the key offensive players for the Bears during their formative years.

A half-owner of the Bears club together with his former Illini teammate George S. Halas, Sternaman fell into financial difficulty because of the Great Depression and sold his stake in the team to Halas for $38,000 in the summer of 1931.