hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Scots Independent
The Scots Independent is a monthly Scottish political newspaper that is in favour of Scottish independence.  It was formed in 1926 with William Gillies as editor, by the Scots National League (SNL) and switched its allegiance to the National Party of Scotland (NPS) when the SNL joined with them in 1928.

When the NPS merged with the Scottish Party in 1934 to form the Scottish National Party (SNP) they switched to supporting them.  The paper is still today largely pro-SNP.

Editors of the paper have included Arthur Donaldson, Robert McIntyre, Tom H. Gibson, John L. Kinloch, Alastair Macdonald, Michael Grieve, Albert D. Mackie, David Murison, Douglas Stewart, Alwyn James, Colin Bell, W. Kenneth Fee and James and Jennifer Taggart.

National Party of Scotland
The National Party of Scotland (NPS) was a centre-left political party in Scotland which was one of the predecessors of the current Scottish National Party (SNP). The NPS was the first Scottish nationalist political party, and the first which campaigned for Scottish self-determination.

The National Party of Scotland was founded in 1928 by the amalgamation of the Scots National League (SNL), the Scottish National Movement (SNM) and the Glasgow University Scottish Nationalist Association (GUSNA). The NPS emerged from the consensus among members of these groups, and the Scottish Home Rule Association, that an independent political party, free of any connections to any existing parties, was the best way forward for achieving Scottish Home Rule.

The NPS contested the 1929 and 1931 United Kingdom general elections, and a number of by-elections. In 1934 the NPS merged with the Scottish Party to form the Scottish National Party (SNP).
Surge AI
Surge Labs Inc., doing business as Surge AI, is an American multinational data annotation company based in San Francisco, California. Surge focuses on reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF), RL environments, and annotating language data. Customers include OpenAI, Google, Microsoft, Meta and Anthropic. The company has been described as likely being one of the most successful data labeling companies in the world.

Anthropic
Anthropic PBC is an American artificial intelligence (AI) company headquartered in San Francisco. It has developed a family of large language models (LLMs) named Claude. Anthropic operates as a public benefit corporation, which researches and develops AI to "study their safety properties at the technological frontier" and use this research to deploy safe models for the public.

Anthropic was founded in 2021 by former members of OpenAI, including siblings Daniela Amodei and Dario Amodei, who serve as president and CEO, respectively. As of February 2026, Anthropic has an estimated value of $380 billion.
Anchor Inn (Wheaton, Maryland)
The Anchor Inn was a landmark restaurant opened in 1954 in the heart of Wheaton, Maryland located at the corner of University Boulevard West and Georgia Avenue. The restaurant was closed in 2004 and in May 2006 the restaurant was torn down to make way for a residential and retail mixed-use development.

Wheaton, Maryland
Wheaton is a census-designated place in Montgomery County, Maryland, United States, situated north of Washington, D.C., and northwest of downtown Silver Spring. Wheaton takes its name from Frank Wheaton (1833–1903), a career officer in the United States Army and volunteer from Rhode Island in the Union Army who rose to the rank of major-general while serving before, during, and after the Civil War.

Wheaton had a population of 52,150 at the 2020 census. The United States Postal Service has assigned ZIP code 20902 to Wheaton, but the Wheaton Post Office is a part of the larger Silver Spring area. Downtown Wheaton is located around the triangle formed by Veirs Mill Road, University Boulevard, and Georgia Avenue.
1978 Swiss Indoors – Singles
The 1978 Swiss Indoors – Singles was an event of the 1978 Swiss Indoors tennis tournament and was played on indoor hard courts at the St. Jakobshalle in Basel, Switzerland, between 24 October and 29 October 1978. The draw comprised 32 players and eight of them were seeded. Björn Borg was the defending Swiss Indoors singles champion but did not participate in this edition. First-seeded Guillermo Vilas won the singles title after a win in the final against second-seeded John McEnroe, 6–3, 5–7, 7–5, 6–4.

1978 Swiss Indoors
The 1978 Swiss Indoors was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts at the St. Jakobshalle in Basel, Switzerland that was part of the 1978 Colgate-Palmolive Grand Prix. It was the tenth edition of the tournament and was held from 24 October through 29 October 1978. First-seeded Guillermo Vilas won the singles title.
Thomas Brown (American football coach)
Thomas Brown (born May 15, 1986) is an American professional football coach and former running back who currently serves as the passing game coordinator and tight ends coach for the New England Patriots of the National Football League (NFL). Brown played college football for the Georgia Bulldogs and played professionally in the NFL for the Atlanta Falcons and Cleveland Browns. He previously served as an assistant coach for several NFL and college football teams.

Vanderbilt Commodores
The Vanderbilt Commodores are the intercollegiate athletic teams that represent Vanderbilt University, located in Nashville, Tennessee. Vanderbilt fields 17 varsity teams (6 men's teams and 11 women's teams), 14 of which compete at the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I level as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). Vanderbilt's women's lacrosse team plays in the American Conference. The bowling team plays in Conference USA (CUSA), which absorbed Vanderbilt's former bowling home of the Southland Bowling League after the 2022–23 season. The University of Tennessee Volunteers are Vanderbilt's primary athletic rival, and the only other SEC team in Tennessee.
Robert Schultzberg
Klas Robert Schultzberg is a Swedish musician. He is best known as the original drummer for the English alternative rock band Placebo. Schultzberg had known Stefan Olsdal from a school band in Sweden in 1993 and joined Placebo when the band formed in September 1994. He played on their first studio demo in April 1995, which garnered much industry attention culminating in a deal with Virgin Records.

During Schultzberg's time in the band, several early works were recorded including their first 7" single "Bruise Pristine", the "Come Home" EP, the single version of "Nancy Boy" with b-sides "Slackerbitch", "Miss Moneypenny", "Bigmouth Strikes Again" and their eponymous debut album; on the track "I Know", he played didgeridoo as well as drums. He left the band in October 1996 after a strained relationship with Brian Molko.

Brian Molko
Brian Molko (born 10 December 1972) is a Scottish-American musician who is the lead vocalist, guitarist, and lyricist of the band Placebo. He is known for his nasal voice and high registered vocals, feminine/androgynous appearance, aggressive guitar style and non-standard tunings.
Frances Benjamin Johnston
Frances Benjamin Johnston (January 15, 1864 – May 16, 1952) was an American photographer and photojournalist whose career lasted for almost half a century. She is most known for her portraits, images of southern architecture, and various photographic series featuring African Americans and Native Americans at the turn of the twentieth century.

Alice Roosevelt Longworth
Alice Lee Roosevelt Longworth (February 12, 1884 – February 20, 1980) was an American writer and socialite. She was the eldest child of U.S. president Theodore Roosevelt and his only child with his first wife, Alice Hathaway Lee Roosevelt. Longworth led an unconventional and controversial life. Her marriage to Representative Nicholas Longworth III, a Republican Party leader and the 38th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives, was shaky, and her only child, Paulina, was from her affair with Senator William Borah.

Alice met 16 U.S. Presidents during her life: Grover Cleveland, Benjamin Harrison, William McKinley, her father Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, Woodrow Wilson, Warren G. Harding, Calvin Coolidge, Herbert Hoover, her cousin Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman, Dwight D. Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson, Richard Nixon, and Gerald Ford. She is widely thought to be the person who met the most serving U.S. Presidents in history.
Shooting at the 1972 Summer Olympics – Mixed 50 metre rifle three positions
These are the results of the 50 metre rifle three positions at the 1972 Summer Olympics.  The gold medal went to John Writer of the United States, who was the silver medalist in 1968.  He went on and broke the world record with a score of 1166 points.  The silver medalist was also from the United States, Lanny Bassham, who got off to a poor start, but recovered well enough to claim silver.  Bassham returned 4 years later to claim gold in the same event.

Shooting at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Shooting at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich comprised eight events. The running target event was re-added to the programme, after last appearing in 1956. The events were held between 27 August and 2 September 1972. All events were mixed, meaning both men and women were allowed to compete in the same events, against each other. Four women competed in these games.
Hamiltonstövare
The Hamiltonstövare (or Hamilton Hound) is a breed of scenthound originally developed by the founder of the Swedish Kennel Club, Count Adolf Hamilton. Its ancestors include several German hounds as well as English Foxhounds and Harriers. The breed is recognized by the Swedish Kennel Club, Federation Cynologique Internationale (FCI) and the American Kennel Club's Foundational Stock Service.

Scent hound
Scent hounds (or scenthounds) are a type of hound that primarily hunts by scent rather than sight. These breeds are hunting dogs and are generally regarded as having some of the most sensitive noses among dogs. Scent hounds specialize in following scent or smells. Most of them tend to have long, drooping ears and large nasal cavities to enhance smell sensitivity. They need to have relatively high endurance to be able to keep track of scent over long distances and rough terrain. It is believed that they were first bred by the Celts by crossbreeding mastiff-type dogs with sighthounds. The first established scent hounds were St. Hubert Hounds (the ancestor of today's bloodhounds) bred by monks in Belgium during the Middle Ages.
The Children (book)
The Children is a 1998 book by David Halberstam which chronicles the 1959–1962 Nashville Student Movement.

Among the topics covered are the Nashville sit-ins, the Freedom Riders, the formation of SNCC, and activists including James Lawson, James Bevel, Diane Nash, John Lewis, Bernard Lafayette, Marion Barry, and C. T. Vivian.

The book was described by Kirkus Reviews as "a powerful account of a critical time in American history, related in both close-up and wide view." Publishers Weekly called the work "at once intimate and monumental", making note of its "brief, informative essays" on "the sociology of all-white Vanderbilt University; the eccentricities of the Nashville newspapers; a history of city politics in Washington, D.C." and "the role of the Kennedy Justice Department."

Bernard Lafayette
Bernard Lafayette (or LaFayette) Jr. (/læfiˈɛt/; born July 29, 1940) is an American civil rights activist, organizer, and Baptist minister, who was a leader in the Civil Rights Movement. He played a leading role in early organizing of the Selma Voting Rights Movement; was a member of the Nashville Student Movement; and worked closely throughout the 1960s movements with groups such as the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), and the American Friends Service Committee.
Liber de arte distillandi de simplicibus
The Liber de arte distillandi de simplicibus (Book on the art of distillation out of simple ingredients [«simplicia»] or Kleines Destillierbuch): 1  is a German book by Hieronymus Brunschwig published on 8 May 1500 by Johann Grüninger. It was the first book on the subject of distillation written in the German language, and was also the first book on chemistry published in the English vernacular. The Liber consists of a manual on how to distill medicinal waters, and combines traditional practices with technical instructions.

Hortus Sanitatis
The Hortus Sanitatis (also written Ortus; Latin for The Garden of Health), a Latin natural history encyclopaedia, was published by Jacob Meydenbach in Mainz, Germany in 1491.

It describes species in the natural world along with their medicinal uses and modes of preparation. It followed the Latin Herbarius moguntinus (1484) and the German Gart der Gesundheit (1485), that Peter Schöffer had published in Mainz. Unlike these earlier works, besides dealing with herbs, the Hortus sanitatis deals with animals, birds, fish and stones too. Moreover the author does not restrict himself to dealing only with real creatures, but also includes accounts of mythical animals such as the dragon, harpy, hydra, myrmecoleon, phoenix, and zitiron.
Hanley Swan
Hanley Swan is a small village in the English county of Worcestershire. It lies in the Malvern Hills district, between the towns of Malvern (two miles [3.2 km] away) and Upton-upon-Severn (approximately three miles [5 km] away). Together with  the nearby  village of Hanley Castle, its population  is about 1500. The traditional English village centre includes a village green and pond, a pub, a Social Club and a village stores. Hanley Swan won the 2009 Calor Herefordshire and Worcestershire Village of the Year competition, a heat of the national Village of the year competition. Hanley Swan was an inspiration for the setting of the novel Black Swan Green by David Mitchell.

Upton upon Severn
Upton upon Severn (or locally simply Upton) is a small riverside town and civil parish in the Malvern Hills District of Worcestershire, England. Lying on the A4104 (formerly A440), the town recorded a population of 2,903 in the 2021 census.

Upton is situated on the west bank of the River Severn and is located 5 miles (8 km) southeast of Malvern. The town has a distinctive tower and copper-clad cupola — known locally as the "Pepperpot" — the only surviving remnant of the former church. The church's replacement, also dedicated to St Peter and St Paul, was designed by Sir Arthur Blomfield.
Representative town meeting
A representative town meeting, also called "limited town meeting", is a form of municipal legislature particularly common in Connecticut and Massachusetts, and permitted in Maine, Vermont and New Hampshire.

Representative town meetings function largely the same as open town meetings, except that not all registered voters can participate or vote. The townspeople instead elect town meeting members by precinct to represent them and to vote on the issues for them.

Town council
A town council, city council or municipal council is a form of local government generally found in small to medium-sized municipalities or districts. The exact usage of these terms varies across different jurisdictions.
Frederick A. Halsey
Frederick Arthur Halsey (July 12, 1856 – October 20, 1935) was an American mechanical engineer and economist, who was long-time editor of the American Machinist magazine, and particularly known for his 1891 article titled "The premium plan of paying for labor."

Frederick Winslow Taylor
Frederick Winslow Taylor (March 20, 1856 – March 21, 1915) was an American mechanical engineer. He was widely known for his methods to improve industrial efficiency. He was one of the first management consultants. In 1909, Taylor summed up his efficiency techniques in his book The Principles of Scientific Management which, in 2001, Fellows of the Academy of Management voted the most influential management book of the twentieth century. His pioneering work in applying engineering principles to the work done on the factory floor was instrumental in the creation and development of the branch of engineering that is now known as industrial engineering. Taylor made his name, and was most proud of his work, in scientific management; as a result, scientific management is sometimes referred to as Taylorism. His main source of income came from patenting improvements to steelmaking.
2010 Team Sky season
The 2010 season for Team Sky, its first, began in January with the Tour Down Under. As a UCI ProTour team, they were automatically invited and obliged to attend every event in the ProTour. The team formed for the 2010 season as part of an initiative by British Cycling to produce the first ever British Tour de France winner within five years. Much of the team's ridership is British, most of it is anglophone, and the team competes under a British licence. Its manager is Dave Brailsford, the former Performance Director of British Cycling. Senior Director Sportif was Australian ex-professional road cyclist Scott Sunderland. Team Sky's other Sports Directors were former professional cyclists Marcus Ljungqvist from Sweden, the Briton Sean Yates, and Steven de Jongh from the Netherlands.

2010 Tour Down Under
The 2010 Tour Down Under was the 12th edition of the Tour Down Under cycling stage race. It was held from 19 to 24 January 2010 in and around Adelaide, South Australia. It was the first event in the 2010 UCI World Calendar. The race was won by André Greipel of Team HTC–Columbia after he won the sprint finishes to three of the race's stages.
Taman Midah
Taman Midah (formerly known as Bolton Garden) is a 262-acre township in Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The township probably takes its name from the Midah River which flows into a small lake to the east.

Cheras, Kuala Lumpur
Cheras is a suburb and a district, straddling both the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur and Hulu Langat District in the state of Selangor, Malaysia.

The township is located to the south-east of downtown Kuala Lumpur. Cheras is also adjacent to Ampang to the north and Kajang to the south, both of which are major towns that administer some townships in Cheras such as Taman Segar Perdana, Taman Bukit Segar, Cheras Hartamas and Kampung Cheras Baru. These townships are either administered in whole or part by both MPKJ and MPAJ due to its close proximity.

The district mainly consist of Chinese residents, which also make up the majority of voters for the Cheras electorate.
Phellodon tomentosus
Phellodon tomentosus, commonly known as the zoned phellodon or zoned cork hydnum, is a species of tooth fungus in the family Bankeraceae. First described as Hydnum tomentosum by Carl Linnaeus in 1753, it was transferred to the genus Phellodon by Howard James Banker in 1906.

The brown cap is 1.5–5 cm wide, broad, flat, or funnel-shaped, sometimes fused with others, zoned with a white margin, dry, thin, and fragrant-smelling; the taste is mild to bitter. The spines on the undersurface are 1–3 mm long, grayish-brown with pale tips, some running down the upper portion of the stalk. The flesh is brown. The stalk is 1–5 cm tall and 2–5 mm wide. The spores are white and more or less globose and spiny.

Similar species include Phellodon atratus, Coltricia cinnamomea, Sarcodon fuscoindicus.

The mushroom is found in Asia, Europe, and North America. It is inedible.

Hydnellum fuscoindicum
Hydnellum fuscoindicum, commonly known as the violet hedgehog, is a species of tooth fungus in the genus Hydnellum. The fungus was first described by Kenneth A. Harrison in 1964 as a species of Hydnum, then transferred to Sarcodon in 1967 by Rudolph Arnold Maas Geesteranus. He placed this species in section Violacei of Sarcodon, along with H. fuligineoviolaceum and H. joeides.

It produces fruit bodies with a violet-black cap, violet flesh, and violet spines on the cap underside. The odor and taste are very farinaceous. It is not recommended for consumption due to producing a burning sensation. It is found in the Pacific Northwest in moss around western hemlocks.
Penicillium paradoxum
Penicillium paradoxum is a species of fungus in the genus Penicillium. Penicillium paradoxum grows on dog dung and is phototropic, and has a characteristic odour. Unusual for Penicillium, the fungus has an Aspergillus-like conidial head, not a penicillus.

Penicillium
Penicillium (/ˌpɛnɪˈsɪliəm/) is a genus of  ascomycetous fungi that is part of the mycobiome of many species and is of major importance in the natural environment, in food spoilage, and in food and drug production.

Some members of the genus produce penicillin, a molecule that is used as an antibiotic, which kills or stops the growth of certain kinds of bacteria. Other species are used in cheesemaking. According to the Dictionary of the Fungi (10th edition, 2008), the widespread genus contains over 300 species.
2023 World Wrestling Championships – Men's freestyle 86 kg
The men's freestyle 86 kilograms is a competition featured at the 2023 World Wrestling Championships, and was held in Belgrade, Serbia on 16 and 17 September 2023.

This freestyle wrestling competition consists of a single-elimination tournament, with a repechage used to determine the winner of two bronze medals. The two finalists face off for gold and silver medals. Each wrestler who loses to one of the two finalists moves into the repechage, culminating in a pair of bronze medal matches featuring the semifinal losers each facing the remaining repechage opponent from their half of the bracket.

2023 World Wrestling Championships
The 2023 World Wrestling Championships was held from 16 to 24 September 2023 in Belgrade, Serbia. Wrestlers get a chance to win 90 quotas for the 2024 Summer Olympics from the Belgrade Worlds. Any nation that participated in the 2023 continental championships was eligible to participate in the World Championships.
Gornje Ledenice
Gornje Ledenice  (Cyrillic: Горње Леденице) is a village in the municipalities of Pelagićevo (Republika Srpska) and Gradačac, Bosnia and Herzegovina. In 1993, it was an object of the Ledenice offensive.

Pelagićevo
Pelagićevo (Serbian Cyrillic: Пелагићево) is a village and municipality in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is located in the Posavina geographical region. As of 2013, the village has a population of 2,529 inhabitants, while the municipality has 5,220 inhabitants.

It was originally named Gornji Žabar (Serbian Cyrillic: Горњи Жабар) until 1970, when it was renamed after Vasa Pelagić, a representative of utopian socialism in Serbia during the second half of the nineteenth century, born in the village in 1833.
Bass Strait Triangle
The Bass Strait Triangle is the waters that separate the states of Victoria and Tasmania, including Bass Strait, in south-eastern Australia. The term Bass Strait Triangle (inspired by the Bermuda Triangle) appears to have been first used following the disappearance of Frederick Valentich in 1978 although the region had a bad reputation (never ascribed to supernatural forces, however) long before that.

Bass Strait
Bass Strait is a strait separating the island state of Tasmania from the Australian mainland (more specifically the coast of Victoria, with the exception of the land border across Boundary Islet). The strait provides the most direct waterway between the Great Australian Bight and the Tasman Sea, and is also the only maritime route into the economically prominent Port Phillip Bay.

Formed 8,000 years ago by rising sea levels at the end of the last glacial period, the strait was named after English explorer and physician George Bass (1771–1803) by European colonists.