hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Byzantine cuisine
Byzantine cuisine was the continuation of local ancient Greek cuisine, ancient Roman cuisine, and Mediterranean cuisine. Byzantine trading with foreigners brought in grains, sugar, livestock, fruits, vegetables, and spices that would otherwise be limited to specific geographical climates.

Cooks experimented with new combinations of food, creating two styles in the process. These were the eastern (Asia Minor and the eastern Aegean), consisting of Byzantine cuisine supplemented by trade items, and a leaner style primarily based on local Greek cuisine culture.

Rhomaioi
Rhomaioi or Romaioi (Ῥωμαῖοι) were the Greek-speaking inhabitants of Southern Europe and Western Asia that identified as Romans starting from Late Antiquity. Although modern scholarship commonly refers to these populations as Byzantines, Eastern Romans, or Byzantine Greeks, they consistently understood their identity as Roman, rooted in imperial continuity, the Christian faith, and the Greek language and culture. Over time, Rhōmaios became closely associated with the Eastern Orthodox Church as well as Greek speech, and the identity continued in use among Greek Orthodox communities after the fall of Constantinople in 1453.
1980 German Grand Prix
The 1980 German Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at the Hockenheimring on 10 August 1980. It was the ninth round of the 1980 Formula One season. The race was the 42nd German Grand Prix and the fifth to be held at Hockenheim. The race was held over 45 laps of the 6.790 kilometres (4.219 mi) circuit for a total race distance of 305.505 kilometres (189.832 mi).

The race was won by Jacques Laffite driving a Ligier. Laffite won by three seconds over Carlos Reutemann driving a Williams. Third was Reutemann's teammate Alan Jones.

Hockenheimring
The Hockenheimring, officially Hockenheimring Baden-Württemberg (German: [ˈhɔkŋ̍haɪmʁɪŋ ˌbaːdn̩ ˈvʏʁtəmbɛʁk] ⓘ), is a motor racing circuit situated in the Rhine valley near the town of Hockenheim in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, located on the Bertha Benz Memorial Route. Amongst other motor racing events, it has hosted the German Grand Prix, most recently in 2019. The circuit is nearly flat. The circuit has an FIA Grade 1 licence.
1945 Mongolian independence referendum
An independence referendum was held in the Mongolian People's Republic on 20 October 1945. It was approved by 100% of voters, with no votes against, according to official statistics. Voter turnout was 98%.

Independence referendum
An independence referendum is a type of referendum in which the residents of a territory decide whether the territory should become an independent sovereign state. An independence referendum that results in a vote for independence does not always ultimately result in independence.
Marine insurance
Marine insurance covers the physical loss or damage of ships, cargo, terminals, and any transport by which the property is transferred, acquired, or held between the points of origin and the final destination. Cargo insurance a sub-branch of marine insurance, though marine insurance also includes onshore and offshore exposed property, (container terminals, ports, oil platforms, pipelines), hull, marine casualty, and marine losses. When goods are transported by mail or courier or related post, shipping insurance is used instead.

Shipwreck
A shipwreck is the wreckage of a ship that is either beached on land or sunken to the bottom of a body of water. It results from the event of shipwrecking, which may be intentional or unintentional. There were approximately three million shipwrecks worldwide as of January 1999, according to Angela Croome, a science writer and author who specialized in the history of underwater archaeology  (an estimate rapidly endorsed by UNESCO and other organizations).
When a ship's crew has died or abandoned the ship, and the ship has remained adrift but unsunk, they are instead referred to as ghost ships.
2015 Canad Inns Women's Classic
The 2015 Canad Inns Women's Classic was held from October 22 to 25 at the Portage Curling Club in Portage la Prairie, Manitoba as part of the World Curling Tour. The event was held in a triple-knockout format with a purse of $60,000.

In the final, 2018 Olympic silver medallist Kim Eun-jung of South Korea defeated 2014 Olympic gold medallist Jennifer Jones team from Manitoba to win the event. Kim took home the $15,400 winners purse while Jones settled for $10,400.

Canad Inns Women's Classic
The Canad Inns Women's Classic is an event on the women's World Curling Tour. It is held at the Portage Curling Club in Portage la Prairie, Manitoba.

The event was formerly the second Grand Slam event of the season on the women's World Curling Tour. It was formerly held in October at the Fort Rouge Curling Club in Winnipeg, Manitoba. It became a Grand Slam event in 2006, but was removed from the Grand Slam after the 2013–14 curling season. Since 2009, the total prize money to be given out has been $60,000. The event was also known as the "Casinos of Winnipeg Women's Curling Classic" before 2009 and the "Manitoba Lotteries Women's Curling Classic" from 2009 to 2012.
Willamette, Oregon
The town of Willamette, Oregon was incorporated on October 5, 1908, and is located directly West across the Willamette River from Oregon City, Oregon and upstream from the Willamette Falls.

The area was first called Willamette Falls, but later shortened to Willamette. The first mayor of Willamette was James Downey. The town consisted of approximately 300 residents. The main business within the town limits was the Capen Shoe Company Factory, located at 7th Avenue (now known as Willamette Falls Drive) and 12th Street. Each residence had electricity, running water and a sewage disposal system. Willamette had its own electric trolley service from the Main Street into town to the Willamette Falls Railroad station located at the bridge to Oregon City. Some residents used the trolley service to travel to work at the paper mills on the west side of the Willamette River and in Oregon City.

Willamette Falls
The Willamette Falls is a natural waterfall in the northwestern United States, located on the Willamette River between Oregon City and West Linn, Oregon. The largest waterfall in the Northwest U.S. by volume, it is the seventeenth widest in the world. Horseshoe in shape, it is 1,500 feet (455 m) wide and forty feet (12 m) high, with a flow rate of 30,850 cu ft/s (874 m3/s). Located 26 miles (42 km) upriver from the Willamette's mouth at Portland, Willamette Falls is a culturally significant site for many tribal communities in the region.

Opened in 1873 and closed since 2011, the Willamette Falls Locks allowed boat traffic on the Willamette to pass into the main Willamette Valley.
Markle's sign
Markle's sign, or jar tenderness, is a clinical sign in which pain in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen is elicited by the heel-drop test (dropping to the heels, from standing on the toes, with a jarring landing).

It is found in patients with localised peritonitis due to acute appendicitis. It is similar to rebound tenderness, but may be easier to elicit when the patient has firm abdominal wall muscles. Abdominal pain on walking or running is an equivalent sign.

It was first described by the George Bushar Markle IV (1921–1999), an American surgeon, in 1985.

Signs and symptoms
Signs and symptoms are diagnostic indications of an illness, injury, or condition. While signs are objective and externally observable, symptoms are a person's reported subjective experiences.

A sign, for example, can be an elevated or lower than normal temperature or blood pressure; or an abnormal finding showing on medical imaging. A symptom is something out of the ordinary that is experienced by an individual such as feeling feverish, a headache or other pains in the body. Symptoms can be a result of the immune system's response to an infection, the physical manifestation of an abnormal body condition, or the effect of a consumed substance. Symptoms, though often indicative of a disease process, are not always diagnostically relevant, and can be idiopathic in nature.
Indian locomotive class WAG-11
The Indian locomotive class WAG-11 is a class of twin-section 25 kV AC electric locomotives that was developed in 2018 by Banaras Locomotive Works (BLW), Varanasi for Indian Railways. This freight engine has been designed for a speed of 105 km/h and weighs 252 tons. It is equipped with a three-phase induction motor, four power converters and regenerative as well as pneumatic braking system. The model name stands for broad gauge (W), Alternating Current (A), Goods traffic (G), and 11th in series (11). They entered trials service in 2019. A total of 4 WAG-11 pairs have been built by Banaras Locomotive Works (BLW), Varanasi.

As of January 2023, 4 locomotives are built and are undergoing "testing", with further examples being converted from WDG-4 to WAG-11.

Banaras Locomotive Works
The Banaras Locomotive Works (BLW), formerly Diesel Locomotive Works (DLW), is an Indian state-owned production unit of Indian Railways situated in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. DLW was renamed BLW in 2020.
Hautai Marine Reserve
Hautai Marine Reserve is a marine reserve offshore from the Westland District and West Coast Region of New Zealand's South Island.

It is the country's most remote mainland main reserve, located south of Haast, a two day walk from the nearest road, in an area with no walking tracks.

The reserve was established to protect marine habitats and animals of the southern West Coast. Marine mammals like New Zealand fur seals, Fiordland crested penguins and blue penguins are abundant.

Westland District
Westland District is a territorial authority district on the West Coast of New Zealand's South Island. It is administered by the Westland District Council. The district's population is 9,270 (June 2024).
Ellen Segal Huvelle
Ellen Judith Huvelle (née Segal; born June 3, 1948) is an inactive Senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia. She has overseen several significant cases. In a case decided in May 2001, Huvelle "upheld federal regulations that restrict the sale of consumers' names, Social Security numbers, dates of birth, addresses and phone numbers." 
Later that year, Huvelle heard requests by family members of Vince Foster seeking access to pictures of his body taken after his death. In November 2005, she accepted the guilty plea in the high-profile prosecution of lobbyist Michael Scanlon. Huvelle assumed senior status on June 3, 2014.

Vince Foster
Vincent Walker Foster Jr. (January 15, 1945 – July 20, 1993) was an American attorney who served as deputy White House counsel during the first six months of the Clinton administration.

Foster had been a partner at Rose Law Firm in Little Rock, Arkansas, where, as The Washington Post later wrote, he rose to "the pinnacle of the Arkansas legal establishment." In July 1993, he was found dead of a gunshot wound in Fort Marcy Park. Five official governmental investigations ruled his death a suicide, but several conspiracy theories emerged.
Phacoemulsification
Phacoemulsification is a cataract surgery method in which the internal lens of the eye which has developed a cataract is emulsified with the tip of an ultrasonic handpiece and aspirated from the eye. Aspirated fluids are replaced with irrigation of balanced salt solution to maintain the volume of the anterior chamber during the procedure. This procedure minimises the incision size and reduces the recovery time and risk of surgery-induced astigmatism.

It is best suited to relatively soft cataracts, where the ultrasonic energy required is moderate, and insertion of foldable intraocular prosthetic lenses, which take advantage of the small incision possible. It is the most common procedure for cataract removal in the developed world, with an excellent prognosis in uncomplicated cases.

Ultrasound
Ultrasound is sound with frequencies greater than 20 kilohertz. This frequency is the approximate upper audible limit of human hearing in healthy young adults. The physical principles of acoustic waves apply to any frequency range, including ultrasound. Ultrasonic devices operate with frequencies from 20 kHz up to several gigahertz.

Ultrasound is used in many different fields. Ultrasonic devices are used to detect objects and measure distances. Ultrasound imaging or sonography is often used in medicine. In the nondestructive testing of products and structures, ultrasound is used to detect invisible flaws. Industrially, ultrasound is used for cleaning, mixing, and accelerating chemical processes. Animals such as bats and porpoises use ultrasound for locating prey and obstacles.
The Biggest Loser season 12
The Biggest Loser: Battle of the Ages is the twelfth season of the NBC reality television series entitled The Biggest Loser. The contestants competed to win a $250,000 prize, which was awarded to John Rhode, the contestant with the highest percentage of weight lost. It premiered on September 20, 2011. Along with existing trainer Bob Harper, two new trainers (Anna Kournikova and Dolvett Quince.) joined this season. The 15 contestants this season were divided into three groups of five by their ages: those who are 30 and under were initially trained by Quince, those who are between 31–49 were initially trained by Harper, and those who are 50 and over were initially trained by Kournikova.  This season marked the first time since season 5 that America did not have to vote on who would become a finalist.  For the first time ever in Biggest Loser history, all 3 finalists were men.

The Biggest Loser (American TV series)
The Biggest Loser is an American competition reality show that initially ran on NBC for 17 seasons from 2004 to 2016, returning in 2020 – for an 18th and final season – on USA Network. The show features obese and overweight contestants competing to win a cash prize by losing the highest percentage of weight relative to their initial weight.
Soft laser desorption
Soft laser desorption (SLD) is laser desorption of large molecules that results in ionization without fragmentation. "Soft" in the context of ion formation means forming ions without breaking chemical bonds. "Hard" ionization is the formation of ions with the breaking of bonds and the formation of fragment ions.

Ionization
Ionization or ionisation is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons, often in conjunction with other chemical changes. The resulting electrically charged atom or molecule is called an ion. Ionization can result from the loss of an electron after collisions with subatomic particles, collisions with other atoms, molecules, electrons, positrons, protons, antiprotons, and ions, or through the interaction with electromagnetic radiation. Heterolytic bond cleavage and heterolytic substitution reactions can result in the formation of ion pairs. Ionization can occur through radioactive decay by the internal conversion process, in which an excited nucleus transfers its energy to one of the inner-shell electrons causing it to be ejected.
Babruysk (air base)
Babruysk Air Base (Belarusian: Аэрадром Бабруйск, Aeradrom Babruysk; Russian: Аэродром Бобруйск (ICAO: UMNB)) is a military airfield of the Air and Air Defence Force of Belarus, located in the south-western outskirts of Babruysk (Bobruisk), Belarus. The 83rd Separate Order of the Red Star Engineer-Aerodrome Regiment is at the base, which also functions as a spare airfield. It used to be a Soviet Long-Range Aviation air base.

Tupolev Tu-16
The Tupolev Tu-16 (USAF/DOD reporting name Type 39; NATO reporting name: Badger) is a twin-engined jet strategic heavy bomber used by the Soviet Union. It has been flown for almost 70 years. While many aircraft in Soviet service were retired after the Cold War ended, a Chinese license-built version, the Xi'an H-6, remains in service with the People's Liberation Army Air Force.

The bomber saw decades of combat use with the Egyptian and Iraqi Air Forces. Egypt conducted its first combat use in the North Yemen civil war, later in the Six-Day War and Yom Kippur War against Israel, and briefly in the Egyptian–Libyan War. Iraq also used the bomber in the Six-Day War, and later the Iran–Iraq War.

China began license production of Tu-16s in 1959, and developed the H-6 version by 1968. Modern variants such as the H-6K are still being actively produced as of 2020.
Broadwath
Broadwath is a hamlet in the Cumberland district, in the English county of Cumbria. Broadwath is on Cairn Beck. Nearby settlements include the villages of Wetheral, Warwick Bridge, Great Corby and Heads Nook.

Warwick Bridge
Warwick Bridge is a village in the Cumberland district of the ceremonial county of Cumbria, England. It forms part of a small urban area which includes the villages of Corby Hill and Little Corby. In 2011 it had a population of 1264.

Warwick Bridge lies within the civil parish of Wetheral though Corby Hill and Little Corby are in Hayton parish. Until 1974 it was in the county of Cumberland. From 1974 to 2023 it was in Carlisle district.

Warwick Bridge is located on the River Eden and the A69 road, near the River Irthing. It is five miles east of the city of Carlisle and four miles from the town of Brampton. The bridge on the Eden, which gave the village its name, was built from 1833 to 1835 by Francis Giles.

The village has a post office in Corby Hill, a Co-operative Food store and 2 churches, one being Our Lady & St Wilfrid's Church and the other St Paul's Holme Eden. There are two large mansion houses near or in the village, Warwick Hall  and Holme Eden Hall built in 1837.
Emsigerland
The Emsigerland, or Emderland was a historic region on the western edge of East Frisia by the Wadden Sea, which covered a wide area around the town of Emden. The Emsigerland borders in the north on the Federgau, in the northeast on the Brokmerland in the east on the Moormerland and in the south on the Rheiderland.

The Emsigerland was based on a historic territorial parish (Landesgemeinde), the Emsgau, and formed its economic centre. Unlike the rest of East Frisia, no system of chieftains was established here; the lands of the Emsgo including the Emsigerland remained autonomous. That changed in 1379, when the region passed into the possession of the tom Broks, whose inheritance then passed to the Cirksena.

Rheiderland
The Rheiderland (German: [ˈʁaɪdɐˌlant]; Reiderland [ˈrɛidərˌlɑnt] ⓘ) is a region of Germany and the Netherlands between the River Ems and the Bay of Dollart. The German part of the Rheiderland lies in East Frisia, west of the Ems. The Dutch part (written: Reiderland) lies in the Dutch province of Groningen and is mostly part of Oldambt. The Rheiderland is one of the four historic regions on the mainland in the district of Leer; the others being the Overledingerland, the Moormerland and the Lengenerland.
University of California law schools
The five law schools in the University of California system, listed in order of establishment, are:

University of California College of the Law, San Francisco, established in 1878

University of California, Berkeley School of Law, established as a department in 1894 and as a law school in 1912

University of California, Los Angeles School of Law, established in 1949

University of California, Davis School of Law, established in 1965

University of California, Irvine School of Law, established in 2007

UC Davis School of Law
The University of California, Davis School of Law is the professional graduate law school of the University of California, Davis. The school received ABA approval in 1968.  It joined the Association of American Law Schools (AALS) in 1968.

UC Davis School of Law is one of five law schools in the University of California system, with a total enrollment of around 600 students. The school is located in a building named for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., and commonly referred to as King Hall.
Taunton station (Amtrak)
Taunton station was a passenger rail station located south of Oak Street in downtown Taunton, Massachusetts.  As Taunton Central station, it served local and Boston-focused routes from 1836 to 1964.  A later station at the same site served Amtrak's Cape Codder from 1986 to 1996, and Cape Cod and Hyannis Railroad commuter trains in 1988.

Cape Codder (NH train)
The Cape Codder was a pair of day and night passenger trains run by the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad (NH) from the latter 1920s to the mid 1960s, with some brief interruptions. Its distinction was the longest tenure of direct summertime New York City to Cape Cod trains. With the improvement of highways in southeastern Massachusetts, passenger rail traffic diminished, and the Cape Codder service ended with the New Haven Railroad's discontinuing of passenger rail service to Cape Cod.
2017 Slovenian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Slovenia on 22 October 2017. Nine candidates ran in the first round of the elections, in which the incumbent independent President Borut Pahor placed first and Marjan Šarec of the List of Marjan Šarec (LMŠ) placed second. No candidate received a majority of the vote in the first round, resulting in a run-off between Pahor and that was held on 12 November 2017. Pahor won the run-off with 53% of the vote; voter turnout in the second round was 42.13%, the lowest in any presidential election since independence.

Voice for Children and Families
The Voice for Children and Families (Slovene: Glas za otroke in družine, short name ZA OTROKE!) is a right-wing Slovenian political party. The party was founded on 25 March 2017 by Aleš Primc and Metka Zevnik as an electoral arm of a movement of which they are also leaders of, the Movement for Children and Families, the initial purpose of which was to overturn a law passed by the National Assembly which would recognize same sex marriage in the Republic of Slovenia.
State Theatre (Benton Harbor, Michigan)
The State Theatre is a movie theater in downtown Benton Harbor, Michigan. The State opened on May 14, 1942, operated by W. S. Butterfield Theatres. Butterfield sold the State in 1967, and it closed in 1974.

The State reopened as a community performing arts center in 1987, but closed again in 2007, and the building deteriorated substantially. As of 2023, the Benton Harbor Downtown Development Authority plans to renovate the theatre to its 1942 appearance and reopen it.

Benton Harbor, Michigan
Benton Harbor is a city in Berrien County, in the U.S. state of Michigan. Located 46 miles southwest of Kalamazoo and 71 miles southwest of Grand Rapids, it had a population of 9,103 according to the 2020 census. It is the smaller of the two principal cities in the Niles–Benton Harbor Metropolitan Statistical Area, which has a population of 156,813.

Benton Harbor and the nearby city of St. Joseph developed on opposite sides of the St. Joseph River and are commonly referred to as the "Twin Cities". Fairplain and Benton Heights are unincorporated areas adjacent to Benton Harbor. The population is more than 80 percent African American.
Azimilide
Azimilide is a class ΙΙΙ antiarrhythmic drug (used to control abnormal heart rhythms). The agents from this heterogeneous group have an effect on the repolarization, they prolong the duration of the action potential and the refractory period. Also they slow down the spontaneous discharge frequency of automatic pacemakers by depressing the slope of diastolic depolarization. They shift the threshold towards zero or hyperpolarize the membrane potential. Although each agent has its own properties and will have thus a different function.

Antiarrhythmic agent
Antiarrhythmic agents, also known as cardiac dysrhythmia medications, are a class of drugs that are used to suppress abnormal heart rhythms, such as atrial fibrillation, supraventricular tachycardia and ventricular tachycardia.

Many attempts have been made to classify antiarrhythmic agents. Many of the antiarrhythmic agents have multiple modes of action, which makes any classification imprecise.