hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Questioned document examination
In forensic science, questioned document examination (QDE) is the examination of documents potentially disputed in a court of law. Its primary purpose is to provide evidence about a suspicious or questionable document using scientific processes and methods. Evidence might include alterations, the chain of possession, damage to the document, forgery, origin, authenticity, or other questions that come up when a document is challenged in court.

ASTM International
ASTM International, formerly known as American Society for Testing and Materials, is a standards organization that develops and publishes voluntary consensus technical international standards for a wide range of materials, products, systems and services. Some 12,575 apply globally. The headquarters is in West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, about 5 mi (8.0 km) northwest of Philadelphia. It was founded in 1902 as the American Section of the International Association for Testing Materials.

In addition to its traditional standards work, ASTM operates several global initiatives advancing additive manufacturing, advanced manufacturing, and emerging technologies, including the Additive Manufacturing Center of Excellence (AM CoE), the acquisition of Wohlers Associates for market intelligence and advisory services, and the NIST-funded Standardization Center of Excellence (SCOE).
Transposition (transmission lines)
Transposition is the periodic swapping of positions of the conductors of a transmission line, in order to reduce crosstalk and otherwise improve transmission.  In telecommunications this applies to balanced pairs whilst in power transmission lines three conductors are periodically transposed.

For cables, the swapping is gradual and continuous; that is the two or three conductors are twisted around each other.  For communication cables, this is called twisted pair.  For overhead power lines or open pair communication lines, the conductors are exchanged at pylons, for example at transposition towers or at utility poles, respectively.

The mutual influence of electrical conductors is reduced by transposition.  Transposition also equalizes their impedance relative to the ground, thus avoiding one-sided loads in three-phase electric power systems.  Transposing is an effective measure for the reduction of inductively linked normal mode interferences.

Power transmission
Power transmission is the movement of energy from its place of generation to a location where it is applied to perform useful work.

Power is defined formally as units of energy per unit time. In SI units:

Since the development of technology, transmission and storage systems have been of immense interest to technologists and technology users.
Mathematical formulation of the Standard Model
The Standard Model of particle physics is a gauge quantum field theory containing the internal symmetries of the unitary product group SU(3) × SU(2) × U(1). The theory is commonly viewed as describing the fundamental set of particles – the leptons, quarks, gauge bosons and the Higgs boson.

The Standard Model is renormalizable and mathematically self-consistent; however, despite having huge and continued successes in providing experimental predictions, it does leave some unexplained phenomena. In particular, although the physics of special relativity is incorporated, general relativity is not, and the Standard Model will fail at energies or distances where the graviton is expected to emerge. Therefore, in a modern field theory context, it is seen as an effective field theory.

Bra–ket notation
The Bra–ket notation or Dirac notation is a notation for linear algebra and linear operators on complex vector spaces together with their dual spaces both in the finite- and infinite-dimensional cases. It is specifically designed to ease the types of calculations that frequently arise in quantum mechanics. It is now of ubiquitous usage in that subject.

The bra–ket notation was created by Paul Dirac in his paper, "A New Notation for Quantum Mechanics" from 1939. The name comes from the English word bracket.
Withrow, Alberta
Withrow is a hamlet in central Alberta, Canada within Clearwater County. It is located on a Canadian National rail line and Withrow Road (Range Road 43), 8 km (5.0 mi) north of Highway 11 and 8 km (5.0 mi) south of Highway 12. It is approximately 15 km (9.3 mi) east of Rocky Mountain House.

Clearwater County, Alberta
Clearwater County is a municipal district in west central Alberta, Canada in Division No. 9. Its northwest boundary is the Brazeau River. The municipal office is located in the Town of Rocky Mountain House. The county has a land area of 18,691.65 km2 (7,216.89 sq mi) and comprises close to 99% of Census Division No. 9's land area of 18,921.38 km2 (7,305.59 sq mi). Although the territory excluded is rather small in geographical area, it comprises the major population centre of Rocky Mountain House, which has one-third of Division No. 9's population, in addition to the communities of Burnstick Lake and three Indian reserves. Clearwater County's 2021 census population was 11,865, which was prior to amalgamation with Caroline in 2025.
Copacá River
The Copacá River (Portuguese: Rio Copacá) is a river of Amazonas, Brazil. It is a right tributary of the Uarini River.

The Copacá River defines the eastern boundary of the 187,982 hectares (464,510 acres) Baixo Juruá Extractive Reserve, created in 2001.
The Copacá is a 25 metres (82 ft) wide river that lies within the eastern limit of the reserve.
The floating litter banks of the river are home to a variety of allochthonous insectivore species of fish, particularly of the genera Microglanis and Phenacorhamdia.

Uarini River
The Uarini River (Portuguese: Rio Uarini) is a river of Amazonas state in north-western Brazil.
It is a tributary of the Solimões River.

The Uarini River flows north through the 187,982 hectares (464,510 acres) Baixo Juruá Extractive Reserve, created in 2001.
It then flows in a roughly northeast direction, entering the Solimões near the town of Uarini.
1945 Amarillo Army Air Field Sky Giants football team
The 1945 Amarillo Army Air Field Sky Giants football team represented the United States Army Air Forces's Amarillo Army Air Field (Amarillo AAF) near Amarillo, Texas during the 1945 college football season. Led by second-year head coach Dan Salkeld, the Sky Giants compiled a record of 3–1. Due to injuries, army transfers, and discharges, the team disbanded on October 31. The Sky Giants had been slated to play the Hondo Army Air Field Comets on November 2. Amarillo had also scheduled a second game with the Lubbock Army Air Field Fliers for November 10 and a home-and-home with the Keesler Field Fliers on November 18 and 24.

Amarillo AAF ranked 137th among the nation's college and service teams in the final Litkenhous Ratings.

1945 Hondo Army Air Field Comets football team
The 1945 Hondo Army Air Field Comets football team represented the United States Army Air Force's Hondo Army Air Field (Hondo AAF) in Hondo, Texas during the 1945 college football season. Led by head coach Bob Coe, the Comets compiled a record of 6–4–1.

Hondo AAF ranked 84th among the nation's college and service teams in the final Litkenhous Ratings.
Outline of fencing
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to fencing, a family of combat sports using bladed weapons. Fencing is one of four sports which have been featured at every one of the modern Olympic Games.

NCAA fencing championships
The NCAA fencing championships are contested at an annual competition organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association to determine the team and individual champions of co-educational collegiate fencing among its member programs in the United States.  It has been held every year since 1941, except 2020.

Individual men's and women's championships are awarded in three events (foil, épée, and sabre) with an aggregate team championship awarded based on these individual performances.

Unlike most NCAA sports, the fencing championship is a single championship rather than being split into divisions; as such, teams from Division I, Division II, and Division III all compete together.
Panorama (typesetting software)
Panorama is a line layout and text composition engine to render text in various worldwide languages made by Bitstream Inc. Panorama uses Font Fusion as the base to support rendering of the text. The engine allows the user to manage different text formatting aspects like spacing, alignment, style effects (bold, embossed, outline, drop shadows etc.).

Panorama provides support for OpenType font tables leading to automatic character substitution for ligatures, swashes, scientific figures, etc. Panorama supports three anti-aliasing modes – monochrome, grayscale, and LCD optimized (Horizontal and Vertical).

PostScript fonts
PostScript fonts are font files encoded in outline font specifications developed by Adobe Systems for professional digital typesetting. This system uses the PostScript file format to encode font information.

"PostScript fonts" may also separately be used to refer to a basic set of fonts included as standards in the PostScript system, such as Times New Roman, Helvetica, and Avant Garde.
Zé Maria (footballer, born 1973)
José Marcelo Ferreira (born 25 July 1973), commonly known as Zé Maria, is a retired Brazilian football player turned coach.

Known for his pin-point crosses, he could play either as a right back or right midfielder, and played the vast majority of his professional career, other than in his country, in Italy's Serie A, where he represented three teams, mainly Perugia.

2017 Albanian Supercup
The 2017 Albanian Supercup was the 24th edition of the Albanian Supercup, an annual Albanian football match. The teams were decided by taking the winner of the previous season's Albanian Superliga and the winner of the Albanian Cup.

The match was contested by Kukësi, champions of the 2016–17 Albanian Superliga, and Tirana, the 2016–17 Albanian Cup winners. The match was held at Selman Stërmasi Stadium in Tirana for the second consecutive year. and Tirana won the game 1–0. Tirana also set a record by becoming the first Albanian First Division side to win the Supercup. The game was broadcast through DigitAlb's SuperSport Albania.
Churna–Kaio Islands Complex
The Churna–Kaio Islands Complex are an uninhabited, rocky archipelago in the Arabian Sea, off the coast of Karachi, Pakistan, between the port of Gadani and the mouth of the Hub River in Hub District. There are two main islands:

Churna Island, which is the largest and most southern island of the archipelago, lying about 6 km (3.7 mi) from the mouth of the Hub River;

Kaio Island (also known as Chota Churna or Little Churna), lying about 2 km (1.2 mi) west of Gadani Ship Breaking Yard, and about 16 km (9.9 mi) northeast of Churna Island.

There are also a number of rocky outcrops along the coast between the two main islands.

Gadani
Gadani (Urdu: گڈانی) is a coastal town and administrative centre of Gadani Tehsil, Hub District in the province of Balochistan, Pakistan. It is located along the Arabian Sea, and lies 50 km west of Karachi. The population of Gadani was estimated to be around 17,540 in 2023. More than 97% of the population is Muslim with a small Hindu minority. The majority of the population speaks the Balochi and Brahui languages and there is a small Lasi speaking minority. They belong to the Sanghur, Kurd, Sajdi, Muhammad Hasni, Gurginari and Bezinjo tribes.

Many prehistoric shell-midden sites were discovered along the shores of a small bay, near Gadani. They are characterized of heaps of fragments of marine and mangrove shells among which are flint and jasper tools and stone querns. The first radiocarbon dates obtained from these middens indicate they result from the activity of people who settled along the coast both during the seventh and the fifth millennium before present.
Phrynobatrachus versicolor
Phrynobatrachus versicolor is a species of frog in the family Phrynobatrachidae. It is found in northwestern Burundi, western Rwanda, southwestern Uganda, and adjacent eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Common names Rwanda river frog and green puddle frog have been coined for it. The specific name versicolor, derived from the Latin versare ("to change") and color, and refers to its variable dorsal colouration.

Phrynobatrachus
Phrynobatrachus is a genus of Sub-Saharan frogs that form the monogeneric family Phrynobatrachidae. Their common name is puddle frogs, dwarf puddle frogs, African puddle frogs, or African river frogs.
The common name, puddle frog, refers to the fact that many species breed in temporary waterbodies such as puddles.

Phrynobatrachus are among the most common amphibians in Africa. They are typically small (mostly less than 30 mm (1.2 in)), fast-moving frogs. They occupy a variety of habitats from dry savannas to rainforests. Most species deposit many small eggs as a surface clutch in standing or slowly moving water and have exotrophic tadpoles.
Cryptophyceae
The Cryptophyceae are a class of algae, most of which have plastids. About 230 species are known, and they are common in freshwater, and also occur in marine and brackish habitats. Each cell is around 10–50 μm in size and flattened in shape, with an anterior groove or pocket. At the edge of the pocket there are typically two slightly unequal flagella.

Some exhibit mixotrophy.

Plagioselmis
Plagioselmis is a genus of cryptophytes, including the species Plagioselmis punctata.

Plagioselmis was first described by Butcher in 1967 as a saltwater life form. In 1994, Novarino placed the freshwater Rhodomonas minuta into the genus, giving it the new binomial name of Plagioselmis nannoplanctica. P. nannoplanctica is the only freshwater species in this genus. Rhodomonas was first described by Klaveness, who agreed with the reclassification.

The cells are comma-shaped and appear red or similar colors. Some strains within the genus appear to have a furrow, while other do not. Researchers have suggested that those without furrows should be placed into a new genus.
Spiesen-Elversberg
Spiesen-Elversberg (German pronunciation: [ˈʃpiːzn̩ ˈʔɛlvɐsbɛʁk] ⓘ) is a municipality in the district of Neunkirchen, in Saarland, Germany. It is situated approximately 4 km (2.5 mi) southwest of Neunkirchen, and 15 km (9.3 mi) northeast of Saarbrücken.

Neunkirchen (German district)
Neunkirchen (German: [ˈnɔʏnkɪʁçn̩] ⓘ) is a Kreis (district) in the middle of the Saarland, Germany. Neighboring districts are Sankt Wendel, Saarpfalz, Saarbrücken, and Saarlouis in Saarland and Kusel in Rhineland-Palatinate
Martuthunira language
Martuthunira is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language, that was the traditional language of the Martuthunira people of Western Australia.

The last fluent speaker of Martuthunira, Algy Paterson, died on 6 August 1995. From 1980 he worked with the linguist Alan Dench to preserve Martuthunira in writing, and it is from their work that most of our knowledge of Martuthunira today comes.

Close-mid front unrounded vowel
The close-mid front unrounded vowel, or high-mid front unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨e⟩.

For the close-mid front unrounded vowel that is usually transcribed with the symbol ⟨ɪ⟩ or ⟨i⟩, see near-close front unrounded vowel. If the usual symbol is ⟨e⟩, the vowel is listed here.
Air University (United States Air Force)
Air University is a professional military education university system of the United States Air Force. It is accredited by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools to award master's degrees.

Southern Association of Colleges and Schools
The Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS) is a regional educational accreditor recognized by the United States Department of Education and the Council for Higher Education Accreditation. As of 2022, the organization oversees approximately 750 public and private degree-granting educational institutions in the Southern United States. Its headquarters are in North Druid Hills, Georgia, near Decatur, in the Atlanta metropolitan area.

SACS accredits educational institutions in the states of Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia, and educational institutions for U.S. students in Mexico, the Caribbean, Central and South America.

There are a number of affiliate organizations within the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. One affiliate organization is the Southern Association of Community, Junior, and Technical Colleges.
Beit Hasan
Beit Hasan (Arabic: بيت حسان) is a Palestinian village in the Nablus Governorate in the North central West Bank, located 14 kilometers east of Nablus. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS), the village had a population of 1,599 inhabitants in 2017.

Nablus Governorate
The Nablus Governorate (Arabic: محافظة نابلس, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat Nāblus) is an administrative district of Palestine located in the Central Highlands of the West Bank, 53 km north of Jerusalem. It covers the area around the city of Nablus which serves as the muhfaza (seat) of the governorate. The governor of the district is Mahmoud Aloul.
Mason Street Historic Residential District
The Mason Street Historic Residential District is a primarily residential historic district located along Mason Street between Dewey and Hickory Streets in Owosso, Michigan.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

Owosso, Michigan
Owosso (/oʊˈɒsoʊ/ oh-OS-oh) is the largest city in Shiawassee County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 14,714 at the 2020 census. It is located 29 miles (46.7 km) west of Flint, and 32 miles (51.5 km) northeast of Lansing. The city is mostly surrounded by Owosso Township on its west, but the two are administered autonomously. The city was named after Chief Wosso, an Ojibwe leader of the Shiawassee area.
North Newport Christian Church
North Newport Christian Church is an historic church at the junction of Maine State Route 222 and Pratt Road in North Newport, Maine.  Built in 1857, it is a fine example of a transitional Greek Revival-Italianate church in a rural context.  It originally housed both Baptist and Congregationalist congregations, but later was used only by the latter, and is now infrequently used.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.

Newport, Maine
Newport is a town in Penobscot County, Maine, United States. The population was 3,133 at the 2020 census. It contains the census-designated place of the same name. The town's borders surround the shoreline of Sebasticook Lake.
Marigold Summer Gold Shine 2024
Marigold Summer Gold Shine 2024 was a professional wrestling event promoted by Dream Star Fighting Marigold. It took place on August 19, 2024, in Tokyo, Japan at the Korakuen Hall. The event aired globally on CyberFight's video-on-demand service Wrestle Universe.

The event featured what was billed as Giulia's last match in Japan before her imminent debut in WWE's NXT brand. However, without any official confirmations, it is still widely believed that Giulia might still work in Japan in the future, giving the inter-promotional partnership with WWE that saw Iyo Sky return to Japan at Marigold Summer Destiny on July 13, 2024.

Dream Star Fighting Marigold
Dream Star Fighting Marigold (stylized as Dream Star★Fighting Marigold), referred to simply as Marigold (マリーゴールド, Marīgōrudo) in shorthand, is a Japanese joshi puroresu or women's professional wrestling promotion founded in April 2024.
Yomo Toro
Víctor Guillermo "Yomo" Toro (26 July 1933 – 30 June 2012) was a Puerto Rican left-handed guitarist and cuatro player. Known internationally as "The King of the Cuatro," Toro recorded over 150 albums throughout a 60-year career and worked extensively with Cuban legends Arsenio Rodríguez and Alfonso "El Panameño" Joseph; salsa artists Willie Colón, Héctor Lavoe and Rubén Blades; and artists from other music genres including Frankie Cutlass, Harry Belafonte, Paul Simon, Linda Ronstadt and David Byrne.

Music of Puerto Rico
The music of Puerto Rico has evolved as a heterogeneous and dynamic product of diverse cultural resources. The most conspicuous musical sources of Puerto Rico have primarily included African, Taino Indigenous, and European influences. Puerto Rican music culture today comprises a wide and rich variety of genres, ranging from essentially native genres such as bomba, jíbaro, seis, danza, and plena to more recent hybrid genres such as salsa, Latin trap and reggaeton. Broadly conceived, the realm of "Puerto Rican music" should naturally comprise the music culture of the millions of people of Puerto Rican descent who have lived in the United States, especially in New York City. Their music, from salsa to the boleros of Rafael Hernández, cannot be separated from the music culture of Puerto Rico itself.
Cascabel chili
The cascabel chili (little bell), also known as the rattle chili, is one of the Mirasol cultivars of the species Capsicum annuum. The 'rattle' and 'bell' designations describe the tendency of loose seeds to rattle inside a dried cascabel when shaken. Fresh cascabel, which is 2–3 cm in diameter, is also known by the alias bola chili or chile bola (Spanish for ball chili). The pigmentation of the fresh chilis blends from green to red; when dried, the color darkens.

Farmers cultivate cascabel in several states throughout Mexico, including Coahuila, Durango, Guerrero, and Jalisco.

Capsicum annuum
Capsicum annuum is a flowering plant in the family Solanaceae (nightshades), native to the northern regions of South America and to southwestern North America. The plant produces berries of many colors including red, green, and yellow, often with pungent taste. It is one of the oldest cultivated crops, with domestication dating back to around 6,000 years ago in regions of Mexico. The genus Capsicum has over 30 species but Capsicum annuum is the primary species in its genus, as it has been widely cultivated for human consumption for a substantial amount of time and has spread across the world. This species has many uses in culinary, medicine, self-defense, and ornamental applications.
Gettin' Lucky
Gettin' Lucky is an album by the American band Head East. It was released in 1977 on A&M Records. Along with Flat as a Pancake and Head East Live!, it is one of their most renowned releases. The album peaked at No. 136 on the Billboard pop albums chart.

The album was re-released together with Head East on CD as a double album.

Head East (album)
Head East (also known as The Roadsign Album) is the fourth studio album by the American hard rock band Head East. Released by A&M Records in February 1978, it was the group's fourth album to crack the Billboard 200, peaking at #78. The album also produced the band's highest-charting single, a cover of the Russ Ballard song "Since You Been Gone", which reached #46 on the Billboard Hot 100. The band toured in support of the album.

The album has since been reissued on CD and as an MP3 download.