hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Incorporation (business)
Incorporation is the formation of a new corporate body. The body may be a business corporation, a nonprofit organization, sports club or similar. The term also applied in local government to the formation of a new city or town.

Articles of association
In corporate governance, a company's articles of association (AoA, called articles of incorporation in some jurisdictions) is a document that, along with the memorandum of association (where applicable), forms the company's constitution. The articles define the responsibilities of the directors, the nature of business, and the mechanisms by which shareholders exert control over the board of directors.

Articles of association are essential to corporate operations, as they may regulate both internal and external affairs.

Articles of incorporation, also referred to as the certificate of incorporation or the corporate charter, is a document or charter that establishes the existence of a corporation in the United States and Canada. They generally are filed with the Secretary of State in the U.S. State where the company is incorporated, or other company registrar. An equivalent term for limited liability companies (LLCs) in the United States is articles of organization.
John Pediasimos
John Pediasimos (Greek: Ιωάννης Πεδιάσιμος; c. 1250 – early 14th century; in Gr., 'pediasimos'/πεδιάσιμος means 'inhabitant of a valley'), also known as John Pothos, was a Byzantine churchman, scholar, astronomer, mathematician, mythologist, syllogistic, musician, and physician active at Constantinople, Ohrid and Thessalonica.

He was born about 1250, and for the first few years of his life studied in Constantinople under the teachers Manuel Holobolos and George Akropolites. Gregory of Cyprus was a fellow pupil. After his studies he was a given the prestigious position of hypatos ton philosophon. He later served as chartophylax in the Archbishopric of Ohrid (c. 1280), where he also taught. If his identification with a certain megas sakellarios John Pothos is correct, by 1284 he was in Thessalonica. John wrote on many subjects on his fields of study.

George Akropolites
George Akropolites (Latinized as Acropolites or Acropolita; Greek: Γεώργιος Ἀκροπολίτης, Georgios Akropolites; 1217 or 1220 – 1282) was a Byzantine Greek historian and statesman born in Constantinople.
Carrier grade open framework
Telecommunication portal

Carrier grade open framework (CGOF) is a hardware-independent architecture for the telecommunications industry. CGOF is based on a collection of open standards and is offered as a basis for new solution development. CGOF specifies the functional components needed to create next generation network (NGN) solutions, the relationship of those components to each other, and the interfaces among the components.

Next-generation network
The next-generation network (NGN) is a body of key architectural changes in telecommunication core and access networks. The general idea behind the NGN is that one network transports all information and services (voice, data, and all sorts of media such as video) by encapsulating these into IP packets, similar to those used on the Internet. NGNs are commonly built around the Internet Protocol, and therefore the term all IP is also sometimes used to describe the transformation of formerly telephone-centric networks toward NGN.

NGN is a different concept from Future Internet, which is more focused on the evolution of Internet in terms of the variety and interactions of services offered.
Concerto for Two Trumpets (Vivaldi)
Antonio Vivaldi's Concerto for Two Trumpets in C major, RV 537, is a concerto for two trumpets, string orchestra and basso continuo in three movements, believed to have been composed in the 1720s. It is Vivaldi's only trumpet concerto. It was published by Ricordi in 1950 after its manuscript was found in a Turin library.

C major
C major is a major scale based on C, consisting of the pitches C, D, E, F, G, A, and B. C major is one of the most common keys used in music. Its key signature has  no flats or sharps. Its relative minor is A minor and its parallel minor is C minor.

The C major scale is:

These are less common and mostly used in jazz. Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The C harmonic major and melodic major scales are:

On the piano, the C major scale can be played by playing only the white keys starting on C.
797 Naval Air Squadron
797 Naval Air Squadron (797 NAS)  was a Fleet Air Arm (FAA) naval air squadron of the United Kingdom’s Royal Navy (RN) which last disbanded in October 1945 in Ceylon. Its role was a Fleet Requirements Unit which formed at HMS Ukussa, Royal Naval Air Station Katukurunda, in Ceylon, in July 1942. The squadron moved to RNAS Colombo Racecourse (HMS Bherunda) in October 1943. It had a Communications Flight which became 742 Naval Air Squadron in December 1943 and the following summer it had an ‘X’ Flight deployed for target towing for a couple of gunnery schools in Bombay, India and which  eventually moved to 722 Naval Air Squadron.

Katukurunda Airport
Katukurunda Airport (Sinhala: කටුකුරුන්ද ගුවන්තොටුපළ Katukurunda Guwanthotupala, IATA: KTY, ICAO: VCCN) is a domestic airport located near the town of Kalutara in Sri Lanka. It is also a military airbase known as Sri Lanka Air Force Katukurunda or SLAF Katukurunda.

The airport is located 2.5 nautical miles (4.6 km) southeast of the town of Kalutara. It is at an elevation of 3 metres (10 ft) and has one runway designated 11/29 with a bitumen surface measuring 1,006 by 46 metres (3,301 ft × 151 ft).
Music in Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Angel
The use of music was a key component in the fictional Buffyverse established by the TV shows Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Angel. Many actors of both series are professional singers/musicians, including Anthony Head, James Marsters, Amber Benson, Andy Hallett and Christian Kane.

Angel season 2
The second season of the television series Angel, the spin-off of Buffy the Vampire Slayer, premiered on September 26, 2000, on The WB and concluded its 22-episode season on May 22, 2001. It maintained its previous timeslot, airing Tuesdays at 9:00 pm ET, following Buffy.
Michael Linhart
Michael Linhart (Austrian German pronunciation: [ˈmɪçaeːl ˈlɪnhart]; born 31 August 1958) is an Austrian diplomat and politician who was appointed as the new Austrian Ambassador at Berlin on 15 December 2021. Before that, he served as minister of foreign affairs of the Republic of Austria in the Schallenberg government from 11 October to 6 December 2021, ambassador of the Republic of Austria to France from 2018 to 2021 and Secretary-General at the Federal Ministry for Europe, Integration and Foreign Affairs from 2013 to 2018.

Minister of Foreign Affairs (Austria)
This article lists the ministers of foreign affairs of Austria, from 30 October 1918 up to today. During the time of the Anschluss to Nazi Germany from 1938 to 1945, Austria had no government in its own right. The current Austrian foreign minister is Beate Meinl-Reisinger, who took office on the 3rd of March 2025.
Max Perry
Max Perry (born June 23, 1984), primarily known by his stage name Maxwell Smart is a record producer, born in New York City and raised in Brooklyn, New York. He has worked with artists including Wiz Khalifa, Trina, and Snoop Dogg.

Prodigy (rapper)
Albert Johnson (November 2, 1974 – June 20, 2017), known professionally as Prodigy, was an American rapper and record producer. He was best known for being one half of the rap duo Mobb Deep along with Havoc, yet Prodigy still had a solo career, regularly collaborating with producer The Alchemist. Prodigy released eight albums during his career in Mobb Deep, as well as six solo studio albums and one posthumous album.
2007 Detroit Tigers season
The 2007 Detroit Tigers season was the team's 107th season and its eighth at Comerica Park.  The season ended with the 88–74 Tigers finishing runner-up in the American League Central, eight games in back of the Cleveland Indians. They failed in winning the Wild Card.

After a trip to the 2006 World Series that ended with a defeat to the St. Louis Cardinals, the Tigers started the offseason by trading pitchers Humberto Sánchez, Kevin Whelan, and Anthony Claggett to the New York Yankees for outfielder and designated hitter Gary Sheffield.  Plus, they re-signed players from the previous season's team; first baseman Sean Casey, second baseman Omar Infante, outfielder Craig Monroe, left-handed starting pitcher Nate Robertson, and right-handed relief pitcher Fernando Rodney all returned with the Tigers for the 2007 season.

Nate Robertson
Nathan Daniel Robertson, (born September 3, 1977) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball for the Florida Marlins, Detroit Tigers and Philadelphia Phillies.
Warren Spring Laboratory
Warren Spring Laboratory was a UK government environmental science research centre that operated in Stevenage, Hertfordshire from 1958 until its closure in 1994. Described by  New Scientist as "Britain's leading laboratory for environmental research", and by  The Times as "one of Europe's most important environmental research centres", it had an international reputation in areas such as air and water pollution, waste management and recycling, land remediation, alternative fuel research, and chemical engineering. In 1994, after some political controversy, the laboratory was closed and merged with AEA Technology to form the National Environmental Technology Centre (NETCEN).

New Scientist
New Scientist is a popular science magazine covering all aspects of science and technology. Based in London, it publishes weekly English-language editions in the United Kingdom, the United States and Australia. An editorially separate organisation publishes a monthly Dutch-language edition. First published on 22 November 1956, New Scientist has been available in online form since 1996.

Sold in retail outlets (paper edition) and on subscription (paper and/or online), the magazine covers news, features, reviews and commentary on science, technology and their implications. New Scientist also publishes speculative articles, ranging from the technical to the philosophical.

New Scientist was acquired by Daily Mail and General Trust (DMGT) in March 2021.
Ayesha Gulalai
Ayesha Gulalai Wazir (Urdu: عائشہ گلالئی وزیر) is a Pakistani politician who was a former Member of the National Assembly of Pakistan from 2024 to 2025, and 2013 to 4 August 2017.

She resigned from her seat on 28 July 2017 when Nawaz Sharif disqualified but Speaker accept her resignation on 4 August 2017.

Ayaz Sadiq
Sardar Ayaz Sadiq (born 17 October 1954) is a Pakistani politician and businessman serving as the Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan, the lower house of the federal parliament, since March 2024. He is one of the senior members of the Pakistan Muslim League (N) on the politics of Pakistan.

Born in Lahore, Sadiq previously served as the 17th Speaker of the National Assembly from 2013 to 2018. Sadiq is also notable for overseeing voting on the motion of no-confidence against Imran Khan in April 2022; the next day, he oversaw voting for the election of the subsequent Prime Minister, Shehbaz Sharif. He is currently a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan from NA-120 (Lahore-IV), having been elected to the Assembly in every election since 2002.
Store Urevatn
Store Urevatn or Urevatn is a lake in the municipality of Bykle in Agder county, Norway.  The 14.61-square-kilometre (5.64 sq mi) lake lies about 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) west of the village of Hoslemo and about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) northwest of the municipal centre of Bykle. The lake sits at an elevation of 1,164 metres (3,819 ft) above sea level, high up in the Setesdalsheiene mountains, just north of the mountains Urevassnutene and Djuptjønnuten and just west of Snjoheinuten.

The northeastern arm of the lake has a dam on it which leads to a canal that brings the out-flowing water to the nearby lake Vatndalsvatnet.

The lake has large populations of brook trout and brown trout, which makes it a popular fishing location.

Hoslemo
Hoslemo is a village in Bykle municipality in Agder county, Norway. The village is located in the Setesdalen valley, along the river Otra and the Norwegian National Road 9. It is about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north of the village of Bykle and about 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) south of the village of Hovden. The small village of Berdalen lies about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) northeast of Hoslemo. The lake Vatndalsvatnet lies about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) to the north of the village. The mountains Kvervetjønnuten and Snjoheinuten lie to the west of the village.

The small village grew up around two farms that have been in use since before the year 1350 (1350), possibly back to the Viking Age. The village gained many new homesteads during the 20th century and by 1988, there were at least 18 farms and residences in the small village.
Asa language
The Asa (Aasá) language, commonly rendered Aasax (also rendered as Aasá, Aasáx, Aramanik, Asak, Asax, Assa, Asá), is an Afroasiatic language formerly spoken by the Asa people of Tanzania. The language is extinct; ethnic Assa in northern Tanzania remember only a few words they overheard their elders use, and none ever used it themselves. Little is known of the language; what is recorded was probably Aasa lexical words used in a register of Maasai, similar to the mixed language Mbugu.

Maasai language
Maasai (previously spelled Masai) or Maa (English:  /ˈmɑːsaɪ/ MAH-sye; autonym: ɔl Maa) is an Eastern Nilotic language spoken in Southern Kenya and Northern Tanzania by the Maasai people, numbering about 1.5 million. It is closely related to the other Maa varieties: Samburu (or Sampur), the language of the Samburu people of central Kenya, Chamus, spoken south and southeast of Lake Baringo (sometimes regarded as a dialect of Samburu); and Parakuyu of Tanzania. The Maasai, Samburu, il-Chamus and Parakuyu peoples are historically related and all refer to their language as ɔl Maa.  Properly speaking, "Maa" refers to the language and the culture and "Maasai" refers to the people "who speak Maa".
Biathlon World Championships 2010
The mixed relay Biathlon World Championships was held in Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia on 28 March 2010. As for the rules of biathlon in the year of the Winter Olympic Games World Championships being played only in disciplines not included in the Olympic program, therefore the championship consists only of the mixed relay. Contested since 2005, mixed relay is the most recently introduced event at the Championships, this was the 6th  and last competition as the mixed event was included at the Olympic Program at the 2014 Winter Olympics.

Biathlon World Championships
The first Biathlon World Championships (BWCH) was held in 1958, with individual and team contests for men. The original team event, Team (time), was held for the last time in 1965, to be replaced in 1966 by the team event, Relay (4 × 7.5 km). The number of events has grown significantly over the years. Beginning in 1984, women biathletes had their own World Championships, and finally, from 1989, both genders have been participating in joint Biathlon World Championships. In 1978 the development was enhanced by the change from the large army rifle calibre to a small bore rifle, while the range to the target was reduced from 150 to 50 meters.
2014 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group III – Pool D
Group D of the 2014 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group III was one of four pools in the Europe/Africa Zone Group III of the 2014 Fed Cup. Three teams competed in a round robin competition, with the top team and the bottom two teams proceeding to their respective sections of the play-offs: the top team played for advancement to Group II.

2014 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group III – play-offs
The play-offs of the 2014 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group III were the final stages of the Group III zonal competition involving teams from Europe and Africa. Using the positions determined in their pools, the twelve teams faced off to determine their placing in the 2014 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group III. The top two teams advanced to Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group II.
Football at the 1987 Mediterranean Games
The 1987 Mediterranean Games football tournament was the 10th edition of the Mediterranean Games men's football tournament. The football tournament was held in Latakia, Syria between 15 and 25 September 1987 as part of the 1987 Mediterranean Games and was contested by 8 teams. The host team Syria won the golden medal.

Football at the Mediterranean Games
Football has been played consistently at the Mediterranean Games since the year 1951 for men. Italy and Spain are the most successful teams. From 1991, national teams are not allowed, which means only youth teams participate in the tournament.
System 2000 (software)
System 2000 (S2K) is a hierarchical database management system (DBMS). Although not a relational database, S2K does have SQL support. In 2007 it was noted that, while still 'running on systems cranking away in back rooms across the U.S.' it has a problem: "there's little curriculum coverage anymore at universities  teaching computer science."

Relational database
A relational database (RDB) is a database  based on the relational model of data, as proposed by E. F. Codd in 1970.

A Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) is a type of database management system that stores data in a structured format using rows and columns.

Many relational database systems are equipped with the option of using SQL (Structured Query Language) for querying and updating the database.
1910 West Wicklow by-election
The 1910 West Wicklow by-election was held on 29 March 1910.  The by-election was held due to the death of the incumbent Irish Parliamentary MP, James O'Connor.  It was won by the Irish Parliamentary candidate Edward Peter O'Kelly, who was unopposed.

Irish Parliamentary Party
The Irish Parliamentary Party (IPP; commonly called the Irish Party or the Home Rule Party) was formed in 1874 by Isaac Butt, the leader of the Nationalist Party, replacing the Home Rule League, as official parliamentary party for Irish nationalist Members of Parliament (MPs) elected to the House of Commons at Westminster within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland up until 1918. Its central objectives were legislative independence for Ireland and land reform. Its constitutional movement was instrumental in laying the groundwork for Irish self-government through three Irish Home Rule bills.
Condado de Treviño
Condado de Treviño ("County of Treviño") is a municipality in the province of Burgos, autonomous community of Castile and León, Spain. This municipality and the geographically smaller La Puebla de Arganzón make up the enclave of Treviño. Although the enclave is part of Burgos (and, hence, part of the autonomous community of Castile and León) it is surrounded by the province of Álava, part of the autonomous community of the Basque Country. The seat of the municipality is Treviño.

As of 2015, the municipality had a population of 1,362.

Basque nationalism
Basque nationalism (Basque: eusko abertzaletasuna [eus̺ko abeɾts̻aletas̺una]; Spanish: nacionalismo vasco; French: nationalisme basque) is a form of nationalism that asserts that Basques, an ethnic group indigenous to the western Pyrenees, are a nation and promotes the political unity of the Basques, today split between Spain and France. Since its inception in the late 19th century, Basque nationalism has included movements supportive of Basque independence.

Basque nationalism, spanning three different regions in two states (the Basque Autonomous Community and Navarre in Spain, and the French Basque Country in France), is "irredentist in nature" as it favours political unification of all the Basque-speaking provinces.
Miane
Miane is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Treviso in the Italian region Veneto, located about 60 kilometres (37 miles) northwest of Venice and about 35 kilometres (22 miles) northwest of Treviso. As of 31 December 2022, it had a population of 3,123 and an area of 30.9 square kilometres (11.9 sq mi).

The municipality of Miane contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Combai, Campea, and Premaor. Miane borders the municipalities of Farra di Soligo, Follina, Valdobbiadene, and Borgo Valbelluna.

Follina
Follina is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Treviso in the Italian region Veneto, located about 60 kilometres (37 miles) northwest of Venice and about 35 km (22 mi) northwest of Treviso. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

Follina is situated in the Treviso countryside, on the "Strada del Prosecco" ("Prosecco wine route"), in the Venetian Prealps.
It is home to the eponymous abbey, built here in 1170 with the patronage of the Patriarch of Aquileia. St. Charles Borromeo was its abbot.
Diaphana
Diaphana is a genus of gastropods belonging to the family Diaphanidae.

The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution.

Species:

Diaphana abyssalis Schiøtte, 1998

Diaphana anderssoni (Strebel, 1908)

Diaphana brazieri Angas, 1877

Diaphana californica Dall, 1919

Diaphana caribaea Espinosa, Ortea & Fernández-Garcés, 2001

Diaphana cretica (Forbes, 1844)

Diaphana flava (R.B.Watson, 1897)

Diaphana floridana Dall, 1927

Diaphana glacialis Odhner, 1907

Diaphana globosa (Lovén, 1846)

Diaphana haini Linse & Schiøtte, 2002

Diaphana hiemalis (Couthouy, 1839)

Diaphana inflata (Strebel, 1908)

Diaphana lactea (Jeffreys, 1877)

Diaphana lottae Bush, 1893

Diaphana makarovi Gorbunov, 1946

Diaphana marshalli (Sykes, 1904)

Diaphana mauretaniensis Schiøtte, 1998

Diaphana minuta T.Brown, 1827

Diaphana pacifica Schiøtte, 1998

Diaphana paessleri (Strebel, 1905)

Diaphana pfefferi (Strebel, 1908)

Diaphana tasmanica (Beddome, 1883)

Diaphana minuta
Diaphana minuta is a species of gastropods belonging to the family Diaphanidae.

The species is found in Europe and North America, with a circumpolar distribution. It can be found in the intertidal zone.
Nanofiber seeding
Nanofiber Seeding is a process to control the bulk morphology of chemically synthesized conducting polymers.
Typically, catalytic amount of nanofiber seeds are added in prior to onset of nanofiber seeding polymerization (reaction), where seeds are served as the 'morphology directing agent' rather than conventional templates (see hard or soft templating methods).

Polyaniline
Polyaniline (PANI) is a conducting polymer and organic semiconductor of the semi-flexible rod polymer family. The compound has been of interest since the 1980s because of its electrical conductivity and mechanical properties. Polyaniline is one of the most studied conducting polymers.
Jorge Rodríguez-Novelo
Jorge Humberto Rodríguez-Novelo (born March 22, 1955) is a Mexican-born American Catholic prelate who has served as an auxiliary bishop for the Archdiocese of Denver in Colorado since 2016. He has held teaching positions at Catholic universities and institutions in the United States, Italy and Spain.

Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas
The Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas (PUST), also known as the Angelicum or Collegio Angelico (in honor of its patron, the Doctor Angelicus Thomas Aquinas), is a pontifical university located in the historic center of Rome, Italy. The Angelicum is administered by the Dominican Order and is the order's central locus of Thomistic theology and philosophy.

The Angelicum is coeducational and offers both undergraduate and graduate degrees in theology, philosophy, canon law, and social sciences, as well as certificates and diplomas in related areas.  Courses are offered in Italian and some in English. The Angelicum is staffed by clergy and laity and serves both religious and lay students from around the world.