hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
First European congress of astronomers
The first European congress of astronomers took place in August 1798 at the Seeberg Observatory in Gotha, Germany. It lasted around ten days. Organized by Franz Xaver von Zach, the congress brought together European astronomers to discuss star cataloging, instrumentation, and the adoption of the metric system. A follow-up congress in 1800 led to the formation of the celestial police, an association of astronomers that discovered several minor planets.

Gotha Observatory
Gotha Observatory (Seeberg Observatory, Sternwarte Gotha or Seeberg-Sternwarte) was a German astronomical observatory located on Seeberg hill near Gotha, Thuringia, Germany. Initially the observatory was dedicated to astrometry, geodetic and meteorological observation and tracking the time.

The minor planet 1346 Gotha was named after the city of Gotha in recognition of the observatory.
Penn Hill
50°43′24″N 1°55′51″W﻿ / ﻿50.7233°N 1.9308°W﻿ / 50.7233; -1.9308

Penn Hill is a suburb and electoral ward of Poole in Dorset, England, bordering on Branksome Park, Canford Cliffs, Sandbanks, Lilliput and Parkstone. It is effectively part of Parkstone.

Canford Cliffs
Canford Cliffs is a suburb of Poole in Dorset, England. The neighbourhood lies on the English Channel coast midway between Poole and Bournemouth. To the southwest is Sandbanks which has some of the highest property values in the world; with Canford Cliffs it forms a parish which has the fourth highest property prices in the world and second highest in the United Kingdom after London.
Opposite simplicial set
In higher category theory in mathematics, the opposite simplicial set (or dual simplicial set) is an operation extending the opposite category (or dual category). It generalizes the concept of inverting arrows from 1-categories to ∞-categories. Similar to the opposite category defining an involution on the category of small categories, the opposite simplicial sets defines an involution on the category of simplicial sets. Both correspond to each other under the nerve construction.

Higher category theory
In mathematics, higher category theory is the part of category theory at a higher order, which means that some equalities are replaced by explicit arrows in order to be able to explicitly study the structure behind those equalities. Higher category theory is often applied in algebraic topology (especially in homotopy theory), where one studies algebraic invariants of spaces, such as the fundamental weak ∞-groupoid.

In higher category theory, the concept of higher categorical structures, such as (∞-categories), allows for a more robust treatment of homotopy theory, enabling one to capture finer homotopical distinctions, such as differentiating two topological spaces that have the same fundamental group but differ in their higher homotopy groups. This approach is particularly valuable when dealing with spaces with intricate topological features, such as the Eilenberg-MacLane space.
Japanese submarine I-181
I-181 (originally I-81) was an Imperial Japanese Navy Kaidai-type cruiser submarine of the KD7 sub-class commissioned in 1943. During World War II, she conducted two war patrols, rescued the United States Marine Corps ace Gregory "Pappy" Boyington, and took part in the New Guinea campaign before American warships sank her in January 1944.

Bismarck Archipelago
The Bismarck Archipelago (German: Bismarck-Archipel, pronounced [ˈbɪsmaʁk ˌaʁçiˈpeːl]) is a group of islands located just off the northeastern coast of New Guinea in the western Pacific Ocean, part of the Islands Region of Papua New Guinea. Its area is about 50,000 square kilometres (19,000 sq mi).
Dorsum Thera
Dorsum Thera is a wrinkle ridge at 24°24′N 31°24′W﻿ / ﻿24.4°N 31.4°W﻿ / 24.4; -31.4 in Mare Imbrium on the Moon. It is approximately 7 km long.

NASA proposed the dorsum to be named in honour of Anthony Kontaratos' contribution to the space program (notably rescue of Apollo 13 mission). Nevertheless, Dr. Kontaratos asked for the dorsum to be named 'Thera', after his place of origin (Thera - also known as Santorini, Greece). It was named in 1976.

To the northeast are Courtney crater and Catena Yuri.  To the southwest is Mons Vinogradov.  The nearest prominent crater is Euler located to the south-southeast.

Mare Imbrium
Mare Imbrium /ˈɪmbriəm/ (Latin imbrium, the "Sea of Showers" or "Sea of Rains") is a vast lava plain within the Imbrium Basin on the Moon and is one of the larger craters in the Solar System. The Imbrium Basin formed from the collision of a proto-planet during the Late Heavy Bombardment. Basaltic lava later flooded the giant crater to form the flat volcanic plain seen today. The basin's age has been estimated using uranium–lead dating methods to approximately 3.9 billion years ago, and the diameter of the impactor has been estimated to be 250 ± 25 km. The Moon's maria (plural of mare) have fewer features than other areas of the Moon because molten lava pooled in the craters and formed a relatively smooth surface. Mare Imbrium is not as flat as it would have originally been when it first formed as a result of later events that have altered its surface. Mare Imbrium was the location of the first robotic rover deployed on an extraterrestrial body.
Marjorie of Scotland, Countess of Pembroke
Margaret "Marjorie" Marshal of Scotland, Countess of Pembroke (died 1244) was a daughter of William the Lion, King of Scotland and his wife Ermengarde de Beaumont. She was a member of the House of Dunkeld by birth and Countess of Pembroke by marriage to Gilbert Marshal, 4th Earl of Pembroke.

Ermengarde de Beaumont
Ermengarde de Beaumont (c. 1170 – 12 February 1233/1234) was Queen of Alba as the consort of William the Lion. She is reported to have exerted influence over the affairs of state as queen, though the information on her is lacking in detail. Her paternal grandmother was Constance FitzRoy, illegitimate daughter of Henry I of England.
Arterolane
Arterolane, also known as OZ277 or RBx 11160, is an antimalarial compound marketed by Ranbaxy Laboratories. It was discovered by US and European scientists coordinated by the Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV). Its molecular structure is uncommon for pharmacological compounds in that it has both an ozonide (trioxolane) group and an adamantane substituent.

Initial results were disappointing, and in 2007 MMV withdrew support, after having invested $20M in the research; Ranbaxy said at the time that it intended to continue developing arterolane in combination with another drug. In 2009, Ranbaxy started a Phase II clinical trial of arterolane in combination with piperaquine, and it was published in 2015.

In 2012, Ranbaxy obtained approval to market an arterolane/piperaquine combination drug in India, under the brand name Synriam. In 2014, the product was also approved in Nigeria, Uganda, Senegal, Cameroon, Guinea, Kenya and Ivory Coast.

Adamantane
Adamantane is an organic compound with formula C10H16 or, more descriptively, (CH)4(CH2)6. Adamantane molecules can be described as the fusion of three cyclohexane rings. The molecule is both rigid and virtually strain-free. Adamantane is the most stable isomer of C10H16. The spatial arrangement of carbon atoms in the adamantane molecule is the same as in the diamond crystal. This similarity led to the name adamantane, which is derived from the Greek adamantinos (relating to steel or diamond). It is a white solid with a camphor-like odor. It is the simplest diamondoid.

The discovery of adamantane in petroleum in 1933 launched a new field of chemistry dedicated to the synthesis and properties of polyhedral organic compounds. Adamantane derivatives have found practical application as drugs, polymeric materials, and thermally stable lubricants.
County of Le Hunte
County of Le Hunte is a cadastral unit located in the Australian state of South Australia that covers land located in the centre of Eyre Peninsula.  It was proclaimed in 1908 and named after George Le Hunte who was the Governor of South Australia from July 1903 to February 1909.

Kyancutta, South Australia
Kyancutta is a small wheatbelt town at the junction of the Eyre and Tod Highways on the Eyre Peninsula in South Australia. Once a busy town with an airport, Kyancutta is now nearly a ghost town, acting only as a centre for the agricultural districts surrounding it, as well as passing tourists.
Trap rock
Trap rock, also known as either trapp or trap, is any dark-colored, fine-grained, non-granitic intrusive or extrusive igneous rock. Types of trap rock include basalt, peridotite, diabase, and gabbro. Trap is also used to refer to flood (plateau) basalts, such as the Deccan Traps and Siberian Traps. The erosion of trap rock created by the stacking of successive lava flows often creates a distinct stairstep landscape from which the term trap was derived from the Swedish word trappa, which means "stairs".

The slow cooling of magma either as a sill or as a thick lava flow sometimes creates systematic vertical fractures within the resulting layer of trap rock. These fractures often form rock columns that are typically hexagonal but could be four- to eight-sided.

Igneous rock
Igneous rock (igneous from Latin  igneus 'fiery'), or magmatic rock, is one of the three main rock types, the others being sedimentary and metamorphic. Igneous rocks are formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.

The magma can be derived from partial melts of existing rocks in a terrestrial planet's mantle or crust. Typically, the melting is caused by one or more of three processes: an increase in temperature, a decrease in pressure, or a change in composition. Solidification into rock occurs either below the surface as intrusive rocks or on the surface as extrusive rocks. Igneous rock may form with crystallization to form granular, crystalline rocks, or without crystallization to form natural glasses.

Igneous rocks occur in a wide range of geological settings: shields, platforms, orogens, basins, large igneous provinces, extended crust and oceanic crust.
Athletics at the 2016 Summer Paralympics – Men's 1500 metres T11
The T11 category is for athletes with a visual impairment. A T11 athlete may be entirely without sight, or be able to perceive light, but have no ability to see the shape of a hand at any distance. T11 athletes commonly run with guides.

The Athletics at the 2016 Summer Paralympics – Men's 1500 metres T11 event at the 2016 Paralympic Games took place on 11–13 September 2016, at the Estádio Olímpico João Havelange.

Athletics at the 2016 Summer Paralympics
Athletics events at the 2016 Summer Paralympics were held in the Estádio Olímpico João Havelange in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 8 to 18 September 2016. 177 events were held across both genders where 1,100 athletes competed. The athletics programme was the largest element of the Games programme in terms of entrants and medals awarded.
Kartchner Caverns State Park
Kartchner Caverns State Park is a state park of Arizona, United States, featuring a show cave with 2.4 miles (3.9 km) of passages.  The park is located 9 miles (14 km) south of the town of Benson and west of the north-flowing San Pedro River. Long hidden from view, the caverns were discovered in 1974 by local cavers, assisted by state biologist Erick Campbell who helped in its preservation.

The park encompasses most of a down-dropped block of Palaeozoic rocks on the east flank of the Whetstone Mountains.

The caverns are carved out of limestone and filled with spectacular speleothems which have been growing for 50,000 years or longer, and are still growing.  Careful and technical cave state park development and maintenance, initially established by founder Dr. Bruce Randall "Randy" Tufts, geologist, were designed to protect and preserve the cave system throughout the park's development, and for perpetuity.

San Pedro River (Arizona)
The San Pedro River is a northward-flowing stream originating about 10 miles (16 km) south of the international border south of Sierra Vista, Arizona, in Cananea Municipality, Sonora, Mexico. The river starts at the confluence of other streams (Las Nutrias and El Sauz) just east of Sauceda, Cananea. Within Arizona, the river flows 140 miles (230 km) north through Cochise County, Pima County, Graham County, and Pinal County to its confluence with the Gila River, at Winkelman, Arizona. It is the last major undammed desert river in the American Southwest, and it is of major ecological importance as it hosts two-thirds of the avian diversity in the United States, including 100 species of breeding birds and almost 300 species of migrating birds.
Maoping, Sichuan
Maoping (Chinese: 毛坪; pinyin: Máopíng) is a town under the administration of Ebian Yi Autonomous County, Sichuan, China. As of 2018, it has one residential community and 11 villages under its administration.

Ebian Yi Autonomous County
Ebian Yi Autonomous County (simplified Chinese: 峨边彝族自治县; traditional Chinese: 峨邊彝族自治縣; pinyin: Ébiān Yízú Zìzhìxiàn; Yi: ꊉꀜꆈꌠꊨꏦꏱꅉꑤ wop bie nuo su zyt jie jux dde xiep) is a county of Sichuan Province, China. It is under the administration of Leshan city.

Heizhugou National Forest Park (黑竹沟国家森林公园), known as "China's Bermuda Triangle", is located at this county.
Nicolás Martinelli
Nicolás José Martinelli Waksman (born January 2, 1982) is a Uruguayan lawyer and politician of the National Party who served as Minister of the Interior from 2023 to 2025 under President Luis Lacalle Pou.

Ministry of the Interior (Uruguay)
The Ministry of the Interior (Spanish: Ministerio del Interior) of Uruguay is the ministry of the Government of Uruguay that is responsible for controlling, regulating and evaluating policies, programs and plans related to public safety, as well as guaranteeing citizens the free exercise of fundamental rights and freedoms.

This ministry is in charge of the Uruguayan police force, as well as the fire department. In addition, it is responsible for issuing the identity card and other documents, through the National Directorate of Civil Identification. This government department is headquartered in Mercedes Road in Barrio Centro, Montevideo.
Double Trigger
Double Trigger (24 March 1991 – 23 February 2020) was a Thoroughbred racehorse and active sire. He was bred in Ireland, but trained in the United Kingdom throughout his racing career, which lasted from 1993 to 1998. A specialist stayer, he is best known for winning twelve group races, including the Stayers' Triple Crown in 1995.

St Leger Stakes
The St Leger Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to three-year-old thoroughbred colts and fillies. It is run at Doncaster over a distance of 1 mile, 6 furlongs and 115 yards (2,921 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in September.

Established in 1776, the St Leger is the oldest of Britain's five Classic races. It is the last of the five to be run each year, and its distance is longer than any of the other four.

The St Leger is the final leg of the English Triple Crown, which begins with the 2000 Guineas and continues with the Derby. It also completes the Fillies Triple Crown, following on from the 1000 Guineas and The Oaks. The St Leger has rarely featured Triple Crown contenders in recent decades, with the only one in recent years being the 2012 2,000 Guineas and Derby winner Camelot, who finished second in the St Leger.
Protopteryx
Protopteryx is an extinct bird and possibly the basalmost enantiornithean, from the Cretaceous period. The type species is P. fengningensis.  It was first discovered in the Sichakou Member of the Yixian Formation or Huajiying Formation of Hebei Province, northern China, dating from 131 Ma ago. Protopteryx has been found in the Daibeigou formation, as well. The name Protopteryx means "primitive feather": "proto-" meaning "the first of" and "-pteryx" meaning "feather" or "wing." The name comes from the fact that Protopteryx feathers are more primitive than those of modern birds, such as the two elongated tail feathers that lack barbs and rami.

Confuciusornis
Confuciusornis is a genus of basal crow-sized avialan confuciusornithid theropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous Period of the Yixian and Jiufotang Formations of China, dating from 125 to 120 million years ago. Like modern birds, Confuciusornis had a toothless beak, but closer and later relatives of modern birds such as Hesperornis and Ichthyornis were toothed, indicating that the loss of teeth occurred convergently in Confuciusornis and living birds. It was thought to be the oldest known bird to have a beak, though this title now belongs to an earlier relative Eoconfuciusornis. It was named after the Chinese moral philosopher Confucius (551–479 BC). Confuciusornis is one of the most abundant vertebrates found in the Yixian Formation, and several hundred complete specimens have been found.
2025 Ontario Women's Curling Championship
The 2025 Ontario Women's Curling Championship, was held from January 20 to 26 at Cobourg Community Centre in Cobourg, Ontario. It serves as the provincial women's curling championship for Southern Ontario. The winning Danielle Inglis rink represented Ontario at the 2025 Scotties Tournament of Hearts, Canada's national women's curling championship in Thunder Bay, Ontario. The event was held in conjunction with the 2025 Ontario Tankard, the provincial men's curling championship. Both events are held together in non-Olympic years.

Cobourg was chosen as the host community in June 2024. It last hosted the Ontario Championship in 2017.

Ontario Women's Curling Championship
The Ontario Women's Curling Championship, formerly the Ontario Scotties Tournament of Hearts is the Southern Ontario provincial curling championship for women's curling. The tournament is run by Curling Ontario, the curling association for Southern Ontario. The winning team represents Team Ontario at the national Scotties Tournament of Hearts.
Libranet
Libranet was an operating system based on Debian.

The last version (as of April 25, 2005) released is Libranet 3.0, which cost about $90 in US dollars for new users, or $65 for existing Libranet users. The previous version, Libranet 2.8.1, became free to download.

Development of Libranet has been discontinued.

OpenSUSE
openSUSE ( /ˌoʊpənˈsuːzə/) is a free and open-source Linux distribution developed by the openSUSE Project. It is offered in two main variations: Tumbleweed, an upstream rolling release distribution, and Leap, a stable release distribution which is sourced from SUSE Linux Enterprise.

The openSUSE project is sponsored by SUSE of Germany; the company released the first version as SUSE Linux in 1994. Its development was opened up to the community in 2005, which marked the creation of openSUSE. The focus of the developers is on creating a stable and user-friendly RPM-based operating system with a large target group for workstations and servers.

Additionally, the project creates a variety of related tools, such as Agama, Myrlyn, YaST, Open Build Service, openQA, Snapper, Portus, KIWI, and OSEM.
M. H. Saddhasena
Manane Hewa Saddhasena was a Ceylonese physician and politician. He was a Member of Parliament from 1965 to 1970.

Born to a wealthy family from Ambalangoda, he graduated from the Ceylon Medical College, where his batch-mates included Dr P. R. Anthonis. An active member of the United National Party, he contested 1952 general election from the Ambalangoda-Balapitiya electorate, but came third. He contested the 1965 general election from the Ambalangoda electorate from the United National Party, and was elected to the House of Representatives defeating P. de S. Kularatne. He was defeated in the 1970 general election.

United National Party
The United National Party (UNP; Sinhala: එක්සත් ජාතික පක්ෂය, romanized: Eksath Jāthika Pakshaya, Tamil: ஐக்கிய தேசியக் கட்சி, romanized: Aikkiya Tēciyak Kaṭci) is a centre-right political party in Sri Lanka. Founded in 1946, the party was one of Sri Lanka's two main parties for several decades, serving as either the country's ruling party or as part of its governing coalition for several periods of the country's independent history. After suffering a major split in the lead-up to the 2020 parliamentary elections, the UNP saw a collapse in parliament, with the party only winning one national list seat and losing all its votes to the new Samagi Jana Balawegaya alliance. Currently, the UNP is a notable third party in Sri Lankan politics.

The UNP has been led by former president Ranil Wickremesinghe since 1994. The party is a member of the International Democracy Union.
Grunt: The Curious Science of Humans at War
Grunt: The Curious Science of Humans at War is a nonfiction work by Mary Roach, published in June 2016 by W. W. Norton & Company. It explores the science of protective gear and life-saving technologies used in warfare.

W. W. Norton & Company
W. W. Norton & Company is an American publishing company based in New York City. Established in 1923, it has been owned wholly by its employees since the early 1960s. The company is known for its Norton Anthologies (particularly The Norton Anthology of English Literature) and its texts in the Norton Critical Editions series, both of which are frequently assigned in university literature courses.
53rd Wing
The 53rd Wing is a wing of the United States Air Force based at Eglin Air Force Base, Florida. The wing reports to the United States Air Force Warfare Center at Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada, which in turn reports to Headquarters Air Combat Command.

The 53d Wing serves as the focal point for the combat air forces in electronic warfare, armament and avionics, chemical defense, reconnaissance, and aircrew training devices.  The wing is also responsible for operational testing and evaluation (OT&E) of new equipment and systems proposed for use by these air forces.  Current wing initiatives include advanced self-protection systems for combat aircraft, aircrew life support systems, aerial reconnaissance improvements, new armament and weapons delivery systems, and improved maintenance equipment and logistics support.  The 53d Wing, which consists of four groups, numbers almost 2,000 military and civilians at 17 locations throughout the United States.

Wing (military unit)
In military aviation, a wing is a unit of command. In most military aviation services, a wing is a relatively large formation of planes. In Commonwealth countries a wing usually comprises three squadrons, with several wings forming a group (around 10 squadrons). Each squadron will contain around 20 planes.
Keedoo
Keedoo is a Greek free-to-air children's television channel that launched on 1 January 2026 as a de facto replacement for Nickelodeon Greece on terrestrial television.

Keedoo launched on 1 January 2026, replacing Nickelodeon Greece after Tilekinisi chose not to renew its brand license agreement with Paramount Skydance, which has been winding down most of its non-essential networks worldwide due to cost pressures from new ownership and the decline of pay television; Nickelodeon Plus closed on the same day. It broadcasts free-to-air through the Digea network and can also be received via compatible satellite receivers.

Nickelodeon Plus
Nickelodeon Plus was a Greek free-to-air television channel in Thessaloniki. On 16 December 2011, its digital broadcast in Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia, entirely replaced the music channel Balkans TV, which began operating in November 1995.

On 18 October 2009, it was renamed MTV Plus and by the end of 2011 was broadcasting the program MTV Greece.

Both this channel and the main Nickelodeon service were discontinued on December 31, 2025.