hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Silken Glider Stakes
The Silken Glider Stakes is a Group 3 flat horse race in Ireland open to two-year-old thoroughbred fillies. It is run at the Curragh over a distance of 1 mile (1,609 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in September.

The race was first run in 2001.  It was run at Leopardstown until 2002. Since 2007 it has been sponsored and run as the Staffordstown Stud Stakes.

The Silken Glider Stakes is promoted to Group 3 in 2022.

Curragh Racecourse
The Curragh Racecourse is a flat racecourse in County Kildare, Ireland. The racecourse is home to Ireland’s five most important flat races, known as the Classics. Racing takes place 23 days each year from the end of March until late October. Guided tours of the venue are available outside of race days.
2021 Mont Ventoux Dénivelé Challenge
The 2021 Mont Ventoux Dénivelé Challenge was the third edition of the Mont Ventoux Dénivelé Challenge road cycling one-day race, which was a category 1.1 event on the 2021 UCI Europe Tour. After the 2020 edition was postponed to August due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the race returned to its usual mid-June time slot.

The 154-kilometre (96 mi) long race in the southeastern French province of Provence started in Vaison-la-Romaine and featured two ascents of Mont Ventoux, with the race finishing at the summit of the second ascent. The first ascent took the eastern route from Sault, while the second ascent took the southern route from Bédoin.

Mont Ventoux Dénivelé Challenge
The Mont Ventoux Dénivelé Challenge is a professional cycle road race first held in 2019, which takes place between Vaison-la-Romaine and Mont Ventoux. The event was classified by the UCI as category 1.1 event on the UCI Europe Tour from 2019 to 2022.

In 2023, the race joined the UCI ProSeries. The event was not held in 2024, as the proposed date clashed with the 2024 Summer Olympics torch relay held in the location, while the 2025 event was cancelled due to financial reasons.
João Barrento (translator)
João Barrento (born 1940) is a Portuguese writer, critic and translator. He is the winner of the 2023 Camoes Prize.
He was born in Alter do Chao. He studied German at the University of Lisbon (1958–64), where he also wrote a thesis on the work of Harold Pinter. He later taught in Hamburg and Lisbon.

Barrento is one of the pre-eminent Portuguese translators of German literature. He has translated numerous authors, among them Goethe, Robert Musil, Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Erich Fried, Michael Krüger, Gottfried Benn, Christa Wolf, Paul Celan, Johannes Bobrowski, Thomas Bernhard, Georg Trakl, Peter Handke and Heiner Müller.

Camões Prize
The Camões Prize (Portuguese: Prémio Camões, Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈpɾɛmju kaˈmõjʃ]), named after Luís de Camões, is the most prestigious prize for literature in the Portuguese language. The prize was established in 1989 and is supported by the governments of Brazil and Portugal. It is awarded annually to the author of an outstanding body of work written in Portuguese. Winners are selected by a jury and have included writers from Angola, Brazil, Cape Verde, Mozambique, and Portugal. The monetary award is €100,000, making it among the richest literary prizes in the world. Past winners include José Saramago, Eugénio de Andrade, Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen, and Chico Buarque.
Frank–Read source
In materials science, a Frank–Read source is a mechanism explaining the generation of multiple dislocations in specific well-spaced slip planes in crystals when they are deformed. When a crystal is deformed, in order for slip to occur, dislocations must be generated in the material. This implies that, during deformation, dislocations must be primarily generated in these planes. Cold working of metal increases the number of dislocations by the Frank–Read mechanism. Higher dislocation density increases yield strength and causes work hardening of metals.

The mechanism of dislocation generation was proposed by and named after British physicist Charles Frank and Thornton Read.

In 2024, Cheng Long and coworkers demonstrated that the Frank-Read mechanism can generate disclination loops in nematic liquid crystals. This finding suggests that the Frank-Read mechanism may arise in a broader class of materials containing topological defect lines.

Slip (materials science)
In materials science, slip is the large displacement of one part of a crystal relative to another part along crystallographic planes and directions. Slip occurs by the passage of dislocations on close/packed planes, which are planes containing the greatest number of atoms per area and in close-packed directions (most atoms per length). Close-packed planes are known as slip or glide planes. A slip system describes the set of symmetrically identical slip planes and associated family of slip directions for which dislocation motion can easily occur and lead to plastic deformation. The magnitude and direction of slip are represented by the Burgers vector, b.

An external force makes parts of the crystal lattice glide along each other, changing the material's geometry. A critical resolved shear stress is required to initiate a slip.
Ratnapura Electoral District (1947–1989)
Ratnapura electoral district was an electoral district of Sri Lanka between August 1947 and February 1989. The district was named after the city of Ratnapura in Ratnapura District, Sabaragamuwa Province. The 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka introduced the proportional representation electoral system for electing members of Parliament. The existing 160 mainly single-member electoral districts were replaced with 22 multi-member electoral districts. Ratnapura electoral district was replaced by the Ratnapura multi-member electoral district at the 1989 general elections, the first under the proportional representation system, Ratnapura continues to be a polling division of the multi-member electoral district.

Ratnapura Electoral District
Ratnapura electoral district is one of the 22 multi-member electoral districts of Sri Lanka created by the 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka. The district is conterminous with the administrative district of Ratnapura in the Sabaragamuwa province. The district currently elects 10 of the 225 members of the Sri Lankan Parliament and had 734,651 registered electors in 2010. The district is Sri Lanka's Electorate Number 21.
Jialing River
The Jialing River, formerly known by numerous other names, is a major tributary of the Yangtze River in the Sichuan Basin.  It is named after the Jialing Valley in Feng County, Shaanxi through which it flows.

The Jialing River's most notable characteristic was formerly its pellucid green waters. It is also notable for its sinuous course in its lower reaches. From Zhangwang Miao (Temple of Zhangfei) in Langzhong to the mouth, the distance as the crow flies is 223 kilometres (139 mi). However the river itself travels 1,117.3 kilometres (694.3 mi). The most tortuous part of its course is between Nanchong and Wusheng County.

Tianshui
Tianshui is a prefecture-level city in Gansu province, China, and is the province's second-largest city (behind the provincial capital Lanzhou). Located in the southeast of the province, the city strides along the upper reaches of the Wei River and at the boundary of  the Loess Plateau and the Qinling Mountains. As of the 2020 census, its population was 2,984,659 inhabitants, of which 1,212,791 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of the 2 urban districts of Qinzhou and Maiji. The city and its surroundings have played an important role in the early history of China, as still visible in the form of historic sites such as the Maijishan Grottoes.
Rudnik pri Radomljah
Rudnik pri Radomljah (pronounced [ˈɾuːdnik pɾi ˈɾaːdɔmljax]) is a dispersed settlement of isolated small farms on the hills above Volčji Potok in the Municipality of Kamnik in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.

Volčji Potok
Volčji Potok (pronounced [ˈʋoːu̯tʃji ˈpɔːtɔk]; German: Wolfsbach) is a village on a terrace on the left bank of the Kamnik Bistrica River in the Municipality of Kamnik in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.
Live at Last (Bette Midler album)
Live at Last is the first live album by American singer Bette Midler, a two-disc set released in 1977, Midler's fourth album release on the Atlantic Records label. The album spawned from her live, recorded performance, "The Depression Tour" in Cleveland, entitled "The Bette Midler Show". The album was released on CD for the first time in 1993. A limited edition remastered version of the album was released by Friday Music in 2012.

Harlettes
The Harlettes, also known as The Staggering Harlettes, is a trio of backup singers who support Bette Midler during her live musical performances.  The Harlettes' line-up has changed many times since their inception.
Otroeda cafra
Otroeda cafra is a species of moth in the tussock-moth subfamily Lymantriinae. It was first described by Dru Drury in 1782 from Sierra Leone, and is also found in Cameroon, DR Congo, Malawi, and Nigeria.

Lymantriinae
The Lymantriinae (formerly called the Lymantriidae) are a subfamily of moths of the family Erebidae. The taxon was erected by George Hampson in 1893.

Many of its component species are referred to as "tussock moths" of one sort or another. The caterpillar, or larval, stage of these species often has a distinctive appearance of alternating bristles and haired projections. Many tussock moth caterpillars have urticating hairs (often hidden among longer, softer hairs), which can cause painful reactions if they come into contact with skin.

The subfamily Lymantriinae includes about 350 known genera and over 2,500 known species found in every continent except Antarctica. They are particularly concentrated in sub-Saharan Africa, India, Southeast Asia, and South America. One estimate lists 258 species in Madagascar alone. Apart from oceanic islands, notable places that do not host lymantriines include the Antilles and New Caledonia.
OBPgp279
OBPgp279 (OBP genome protein 279) is an endolysin that hydrolyzes peptidoglycan, a major constituent in bacterial membrane. OBPgp279 is found in Pseudomonas fluorescens phage OBP, which belongs in the Myoviridae family of bacteriophages. Because of its role in hydrolyzing the peptidoglycan layer, OBPgp279 is a key enzyme in the lytic cycle of the OBP bacteriophage; it allows the bacteriophage to lyse its host internally to escape. Unlike other endolysins, OBPgp279 does not rely on holins to perforate the inner bacterial membrane in order to reach the peptidoglycan layer. Although OBPgp279 is not a well-studied enzyme, it has garnered interest as a potential antibacterial protein due to its activity against multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria.

Lytic cycle
The lytic cycle (/ˈlɪtɪk/ LIT-ik) is one of the two cycles of viral reproduction (referring to bacterial viruses or bacteriophages), the other being the lysogenic cycle. The lytic cycle results in the destruction of the infected cell and its membrane. Bacteriophages that can only go through the lytic cycle are called virulent phages (in contrast to temperate phages).

In the lytic cycle, the viral DNA exists as a separate free floating molecule within the bacterial cell, and replicates separately from the host bacterial DNA, whereas in the lysogenic cycle, the viral DNA is integrated into the host genome. This is the key difference between the lytic and lysogenic cycles. However, in both cases the virus/phage replicates using the host DNA machinery.
Gunpowder weapons in the Song dynasty
Gunpowder weapons in the Song dynasty included fire arrows, gunpowder lit flamethrowers, soft shell bombs, hard shell iron bombs, fire lances, and possibly early cannons known as "eruptors". The eruptors, such as the "multiple bullets magazine eruptors" (bǎi-zi lián zhū pào, 百子連珠炮), consisting of a tube of bronze or cast iron that was filled with about 100 lead balls, and the "flying-cloud thunderclap eruptor" (fēi yún pī-lì pào, 飛雲霹靂炮), were early cast-iron proto-cannons that did not include single shots that occluded the barrel (thus called "co-viative" weapons). The use of proto-cannon, and other gunpowder weapons, enabled the Song dynasty to ward off its generally militarily superior enemies—the Khitan led Liao, Tangut led Western Xia, and Jurchen led Jin—until its final collapse under the onslaught of the Mongol forces of Kublai Khan and his Yuan dynasty in the late 13th century.

Wubei Zhi
The Wubei Zhi (Chinese: 武備志; Treatise on Armament Technology or Records of Armaments and Military Provisions) is a military book in Chinese history. It was compiled in 1621 by Mao Yuanyi (茅元儀 Máo Yuányí; 1594–1640?), an officer of waterborne troops in the Ming dynasty. The Wubei Zhi contains 240 volumes, 10,405 pages, and more than 200,000 Chinese characters.
Fort Davis, County Cork
Fort Davis (Irish: Dún an Dáibhisigh; previously Fort Carlisle), is a coastal defence fortification close to Whitegate, County Cork, Ireland. Together with similar structures at Fort Mitchel (Spike Island), Fort Camden (Crosshaven), and Templebreedy Battery (also close to Crosshaven), the fort was built to defend the mouth of Cork Harbour. Though used as a fortification from the early 17th century, the current structures of the 74-acre site date primarily from the 1860s. Originally named Fort Carlisle and operated by the British Armed Forces, the fort was handed-over to the Irish Defence Forces in 1938, and renamed Fort Davis. The facility is owned by the Department of Defence, and is used as a military training site with no public access.

BL 6-inch Mk VII naval gun
The BL 6-inch gun Mark VII (and the related Mk VIII) was a British naval gun dating from 1899, which was mounted on a heavy travelling carriage in 1915 for British Army service to become one of the main heavy field guns in the First World War, and also served as one of the main coast defence guns throughout the British Empire until the 1950s.
Sympathy for the De Vil
"Sympathy for the De Vil" is the eighteenth episode of the fourth season of the American fantasy drama series Once Upon a Time, which aired on April 19, 2015.

In this episode, a young Cruella de Vil is tortured by her mother's evil use of her Dalmatians, resulting in her eventual confinement to her attic until a strange visitor tells her she should stand up to her mother. In Storybrooke, Regina's plan to save Robin are put on hold when Henry is taken by Cruella, teaming her up with Emma Swan to save their son.

Once Upon a Time season 4
The fourth season of the American ABC fantasy-drama series Once Upon a Time was announced on May 8, 2014. Like the previous season, it was also split into two volumes, with the first airing from September 28 to December 14, 2014, and the second from March 2 to May 10, 2015. Ginnifer Goodwin, Jennifer Morrison, Lana Parrilla, Josh Dallas, Emilie de Ravin, Colin O'Donoghue, Jared S. Gilmore, and Robert Carlyle return as principal cast members from the previous season, and are joined by Michael Socha, reprising his role from the spin-off series Once Upon a Time in Wonderland, in his only season as a regular.

Existing fictional characters introduced to the series during the season include the main antagonists for the two volumes, the Snow Queen and the Queens of Darkness (a triad of villains including returning character Maleficent, and new characters Cruella de Vil and Ursula), alongside Elsa, Anna, Kristoff, the Apprentice, Little Bo Peep and Poseidon.
Medinah School District 11
Medinah School District 11 is an elementary school district headquartered in Roselle, Illinois. In addition to portions of Roselle and Medinah, it also serves a very small portion of Bloomingdale.

It operates three schools: Medinah Primary School and Medinah Intermediate School in Medinah and Medinah Middle School in Roselle.

Medinah, Illinois
Nestled in the northwest suburbs of Chicago, Medinah , Illinois, is an unincorporated community in DuPage County. Medinah is home to the world-class Medinah Country Club, which has hosted numerous PGA and USGA tournaments.

It is neighbored by the three villages of Roselle, Itasca, and Bloomingdale along old Chicago–Galena highway between Route 19 and 20.
The Barents Observer
The Barents Observer (formally The Independent Barents Observer) is a Norwegian online newspaper which publishes news and op-ed content about the Barents Region in English, Russian and Chinese. The newspaper is based in Kirkenes and is owned by its journalists. It receives financial support from the European Endowment for Democracy, the Nordic Council of Ministers, the Norwegian government, the Fritt Ord foundation, private companies and individuals.

Kirkenes
Kirkenes (Norwegian: [ˈçɪ̂rkəneːs] ⓘ), known as Girkonjárga in Northern Sami (pronounced [ˈkir̥ː.ko.ˌɲaːrːka]) and Kirkkoniemi in Kven, is a town in Sør-Varanger Municipality in Finnmark county, in the far northeastern part of Norway. The town lies on a peninsula along the Bøkfjorden, an arm of the large Varangerfjorden, and is located just a few kilometres from the Norway–Russia border.

The 2.29-square-kilometre (570-acre) town has a population (2023) of 3,404 and a population density of 1,486 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,850/sq mi). When the neighbouring suburban villages of Hesseng, Skytterhusfjellet, Sandnes and Bjørnevatn are all included with Kirkenes, the urban area reaches a population of almost 8,000.

Although Kirkenes is the Norwegian town closest to the Russian border, the town of Vardø to its north is located further east in Norway.
F-117A Nighthawk Stealth Fighter 2.0
F-117A Nighthawk Stealth Fighter 2.0 is the 1991 remake of the 1988-1990 Cold War combat flight simulator video game F-19 Stealth Fighter by MicroProse, itself a remake of 1987's Project Stealth Fighter. The original PC version was updated with a corrected aircraft model once the Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk was declassified and with 256-color VGA graphics instead of the original's 16-color EGA, among other changes.

Video game remake
A video game remake is a video game closely adapted from an earlier title, usually for the purpose of modernizing a game with updated graphics for newer hardware and gameplay for contemporary audiences. Typically, a remake of such game software shares essentially the same title, fundamental gameplay concepts, and core story elements of the original game, although some aspects of the original game may have been changed for the remake.

Remakes are often made by the original developer or copyright holder, and sometimes by the fan community. If created by the community, video game remakes are sometimes also called fangames and can be seen as part of the retro gaming phenomenon.
WAKC
WAKC (102.3 FM) is an American licensed radio station in Concord, New Hampshire. The station is owned by the Educational Media Foundation (EMF) and is part of its K-Love network of contemporary Christian music outlets. EMF also owns WLKC (105.7 FM) in Campton, serving the White Mountains and Lakes Region.

K-Love
K-Love (stylized as K-LOVE) is an American Christian radio network. Owned by the Educational Media Foundation (EMF), a non-profit Christian ministry. It primarily broadcasts contemporary Christian music.

As of June 2019, the network's programming is aired over 520 FM stations and translators in 48 U.S. states, American Samoa, Puerto Rico, and the District of Columbia. As of 2018, K-Love and its sister network Air1 reportedly had a weekly cumulative audience of about 20 million listeners.
Buffon's noodle
In geometric probability, the problem of Buffon's noodle is a variation on the well-known problem of Buffon's needle, named after Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon who lived in the 18th century. This approach to the problem was published by Joseph-Émile Barbier in 1860.

Expected value
In probability theory, the expected value (also called expectation, expectancy, expectation operator, mathematical expectation, mean, expectation value, or first moment) is a generalization of the weighted average.

The expected value of a random variable with a finite number of outcomes is a weighted average of all possible outcomes. In the case of a continuum of possible outcomes, the expectation is defined by integration. In the axiomatic foundation for probability provided by measure theory, the expectation is given by Lebesgue integration.

The expected value of a random variable X is often denoted by , , or , with E also often stylized as ,  or E.
Gmina Irządze
Gmina Irządze is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Zawiercie County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the village of Irządze, which lies approximately 24 kilometres (15 mi) north-east of Zawiercie and 64 km (40 mi) north-east of the regional capital Katowice.

The gmina covers an area of 73.55 square kilometres (28.4 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 2,623.

Zawiercie
Zawiercie ([zaˈvʲɛrt͡ɕɛ] ⓘ) (Yiddish: זאוויערטשע, romanized: Zavirtshe) is a town in southern Poland located in the Silesian Voivodeship with 49,334 inhabitants (2019). It is situated in the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland near the source of the Warta River. The town lies near the historical region of Silesia, but belongs to Lesser Poland.

Zawiercie is an industrial town with a rich history of iron manufacturing dating back to the 15th century, with other industries developed since the 19th century. It contains both historical Baroque architecture and preserved historical industrial heritage. It is home to notable volleyball club Warta Zawiercie.
Divine equilibrium
The Divine Equilibrium is a refinement of Perfect Bayesian equilibrium in a signaling game proposed by Banks and Sobel (1987). One of the most widely-applied refinements is the D1-Criterion.

It is a restriction of receiver's beliefs to the type of senders for whom deviating towards an off-the-equilibrium message could improve their outcome compared to the equilibrium payoff. In addition to the restriction suggested by the intuitive criterion, the divinity criterion considers only those types which are most likely to send the off-the-equilibrium message.

If more than one sender could benefit from the deviation, the Intuitive Criterion assigns equal probabilities for all the senders, whereas the D1-Criterion considers different probabilities.

Solution concept
In game theory, a solution concept is a formal rule for predicting how a game will be played. These predictions are called "solutions", and describe which strategies will be adopted by players and, therefore, the result of the game. The most commonly used solution concepts are equilibrium concepts, most famously Nash equilibrium.

Many solution concepts, for many games, will result in more than one solution. This puts any one of the solutions in doubt, so a game theorist may apply a refinement to narrow down the solutions. Each successive solution concept presented in the following improves on its predecessor by eliminating implausible equilibria in richer games.
Textile Workers' Union (Finland)
The Textile Workers' Union (Finnish: Tekstiilityöväen Liitto) was a trade union representing workers in the textile industry in Finland.

The Textile and Knitting Workers' Union was affiliated to the Finnish Federation of Trade Unions (SAK) until 1960 but then joined the Finnish Trade Union Federation (SAJ) split. The SAK decided to create a new union, to represent textile workers who wished to remain affiliated to the SAK. By 1970, it had 34,003 members.

In 1969, the SAK and the SAJ merged to form the Central Organisation of Finnish Trade Unions. In response, the following year, the Textile Workers' Union merged with the Textile and Knitting Workers' Union, and the Union of Clothing Workers, to form the Textile and Clothing Workers' Union.

Finnish Trade Union Federation (1960)
The Finnish Trade Union Federation (Finnish: Suomen Ammattijärjestö, SAJ) was a national trade union centre in Finland.

The federation was established in 1960, as a split from the Finnish Federation of Trade Unions (SAK), by unions which supported the Social Democratic Party of Finland.  By 1968, the federation had 17 affiliates, but a total of only 95,166 members.  In 1969, it merged with the SAK, to form the Central Organisation of Finnish Trade Unions.