hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Riaz Ahmad Khan
Riaz Ahmad Khan (15 May 1952 – 21 August 2021) was a Pakistani judge who served as the 15th chief justice of the Federal Shariat Court from 7 March 2015 to 14 May 2017. Prior to his retirement from legal services in May 2014, he served as Islamabad High Court judge. He was appointed as additional deputy prosecutor at the National Accountability Bureau and a member of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Bar Council in 1999. He also served as acting chief justice of Islamabad High Court in 2013.

He was also a member of the Law and Justice Commission of Pakistan. He participated in the All Pakistan Declamation Contest and became the recipient of a gold medal. Khan became the Islamabad High Court judge on 21 Dec 2010, Federal Shariat Court judge on 8 August 2014 and chief justice of Shariat Court on 7 March 2015.

Chief Justice of the Federal Shariat Court
The chief justice of the Federal Shariat Court of Pakistan heads the Federal Shariat Court of Pakistan. The chief justice of the Shariat Court is the second-highest judicial office in the country, after the chief justice of Pakistan.

The current chief justice of Federal Shariat Court of Pakistan is Hameedur Rahman.
Migas
Migas (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈmiɣas], Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈmiɣɐʃ]) ("crumbs" in English) is a dish traditionally made from stale bread and other ingredients in Spanish and Portuguese cuisines. Originally introduced by shepherds, migas are very popular across the Iberian Peninsula, and are the typical breakfast of hunters at monterías in some regions of Spain.

The same name is used for a different dish made from maize or flour tortillas in Mexican and Tex-Mex cuisines.

Bread
Bread is a baked food product made from water, flour, and often yeast. It is a staple food across the world, particularly in Europe and the Middle East. Throughout recorded history and around the world, it has been an important part of many cultures' diets. It is one of the oldest human-made foods, having been of significance since the dawn of agriculture, and plays an essential role in both religious rituals and secular culture.

Bread may be leavened by naturally occurring microbes (e.g. sourdough), chemicals (e.g. baking soda), industrially produced yeast, or high-pressure aeration, which creates the gas bubbles that fluff up bread. Bread may also be unleavened. In many countries, mass-produced bread often contains additives to improve flavor, texture, color, shelf life, nutrition, and ease of production.
Episcopal Diocese of Rochester
The Episcopal Diocese of Rochester is the diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America with jurisdiction over eight counties in west central New York. It is bounded on the north by Lake Ontario, on the east by the Episcopal Diocese of Central New York, on the south by the Episcopal Diocese of Central Pennsylvania and on the west by the Episcopal Diocese of Western New York. It is in Province 2 and has no cathedral. Its diocesan offices are in Henrietta, New York.

In 2024, the diocese reported average Sunday attendance (ASA) of 2,031 persons.

Episcopal Diocese of Central Pennsylvania
The Episcopal Diocese of Central Pennsylvania was one of the dioceses of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America. It was established in 1904 as the Diocese of Harrisburg, separating from the original Diocese of Central Pennsylvania formerly known as the Episcopal Diocese of Bethlehem. It reunited with the Diocese of Bethlehem in 2026 to form the Diocese of the Susquehanna.

The seat of the bishop and home of the diocesan offices was St. Stephen's Episcopal Cathedral at 221 North Front Street in Downtown Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.

In 2024, the diocese reported average Sunday attendance (ASA) of 2,770 persons.
Curtain Call (UK album)
Curtain Call is a live album by U.K. recorded during one single night in Kawasaki, Japan. Originally available only in Japan, it was released globally in 2023. The album was released in 2015 to coincide to the final concerts by the band, hence the title. The track list consists of complete live performances of the two studio albums by the band, U.K. and Danger Money, plus the two non-studio tracks present on the live album Night After Night. The line-up is the same as their previous live album Reunion – Live in Tokyo.

The set list also includes "Waiting for You", a previously unreleased song that was performed live during U.K.'s last 1979 tour and that was intended to be on the band's never-recorded third studio album. The song "Mental Medication", from U.K.'s first album, was never performed live before this special event.

The album was released as a double CD, DVD and Blu-ray and in a special package together with Eddie Jobson's Four Decades.

Danger Money
Danger Money is the second and final studio album by the progressive rock supergroup U.K., featuring John Wetton, Eddie Jobson and Terry Bozzio. It was released by E.G. Records / Polydor in March 1979. Early versions of "The Only Thing She Needs", "Caesar's Palace Blues" and "Carrying No Cross" (which had the opening chords to "Danger Money" in its intro) had been performed on tour throughout 1978 by the band's original line-up with Bill Bruford and Allan Holdsworth. "Rendezvous 6:02" and "Nothing to Lose" were both edited for single release.

The album was remastered in 2016 and included as part of the box-set Ultimate Collector's Edition.
Live (Louis Tomlinson album)
Live is the first live album by the English singer-songwriter Louis Tomlinson. It was a surprise album, released for streaming and digital download on 25 April 2024. It was issued physically on 23 August 2024. Recorded during the Louis Tomlinson World Tour and Faith in the Future World Tour, which he embarked on to support his first two studio albums, Walls (2020) and Faith in the Future (2022), the live album consists of songs and performances on various dates.

Walls (Louis Tomlinson album)
Walls is the first solo studio album by the English singer-songwriter Louis Tomlinson, released on 31 January 2020 through Syco Music and Arista Records. It has spawned five singles: "Two of Us", "Kill My Mind", "We Made It", "Don't Let It Break Your Heart" and "Walls". The album was met with mixed reviews, but was moderately successful commercially. It sold 35,000 copies upon its release. The album debuted at number one in Argentina, Portugal, Mexico and Scotland. It reached the top ten in Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Poland, Spain, and the UK, and also debuted and peaked at number nine on the US Billboard 200 chart.
1938 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship
The 1938 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship was the 48th staging of the Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Tipperary County Board in 1887.

Moycarkey-Borris were the defending champions.

Thurles Sarsfields won the championship after a 7–07 to 2–02 defeat of Kildangan in the final. It was their 11th championship title overall and their first title since 1936.

1936 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship
The 1936 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship was the 46th staging of the Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Tipperary County Board in 1887.

Thurles Sarsfields were the defending champions.

Thurles Sarsfields won the championship after a 2–01 to 0–03 defeat of Roscrea in the final. It was their 10th championship title overall and their second title in succession.
Westpac Bank Building, Townsville
Westpac Bank Building is a heritage-listed bank building at 337–343 Flinders Street, Townsville CBD, City of Townsville, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Hall and Cook and built in 1935 by Stuart Brothers (Sydney). It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 13 May 2004.

Australian Joint Stock Bank
The Australian Joint Stock Bank was a bank in Australia. It operated from 1852 to 1910, after which it became the Australian Bank of Commerce and then was taken over by the Bank of New South Wales in 1931.
The Best of John W. Campbell
The Best of John W. Campbell is the title of two collections of science fiction short stories by American author John W. Campbell. The first, a British edition edited by George Hay, was first published in hardcover by Sidgwick & Jackson in February 1973, and in paperback by Sphere Books in November 1976. Sidgwick & Jackson later gathered together with The Far-Out Worlds of A. E. van Vogt (1968) into the omnibus volume Science Fiction Special 15 (1975), and with Brian N. Ball's Singularity Station (1973) and Poul Anderson's Orbit Unlimited (1961) into the omnibus volume Science Fiction Special 20 (1977). The second collection of this title, an American edition edited by Lester del Rey, was first published in hardcover by Nelson Doubleday in May 1976, and in paperback by Ballantine Books in June 1976 as a volume in its Classic Library of Science Fiction. The American edition was reprinted by Del Rey/Ballantine in February 1995, and has also been translated into German.

Ballantine's Classic Library of Science Fiction
Ballantine's Classic Library of Science Fiction is a series of speculative fiction collections originally published in the 1970s and 1980s purporting to gather together the career-best short works of a selection of authors then prominent in the field. The series was conceived and published in paperback by Ballantine Books (later Del Rey Books), though most of the early volumes also had initial hardcover editions issued by Doubleday's Science Fiction Book Club preceding the Ballantine/Del Rey paperback editions. A number of volumes were subsequently reprinted, both by the original and later publishers.
Zack Clayton
Zachary M. Clayton (April 17, 1913 – November 20, 1997) was a basketball player for the New York Rens. He was also a Negro league baseball player and a professional boxing referee. He was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 2017.

As a boy, Clayton's family moved from Virginia to Philadelphia. Clayton played at the Christian Street YMCA along with Charles "Tarzan" Cooper, Jackie Bethards and Bill Yancey.  There they began four fruitful careers on a squad called the Tribune Men.  Clayton also played for the Harlem Globetrotters.  Clayton would win world championships with both teams. Clayton is enshrined in the Philadelphia basketball Hall of Fame. Clayton later became a boxing referee. His most famous bout was the 1974 Ali-Foreman "Rumble In The Jungle". Clayton also refereed Muhammad Ali's last fight, against Trevor Berbick in 1981.
Clayton was a lieutenant in the Philadelphia Fire Department for 26 years. He retired in 1979.

Harlem Globetrotters
The Harlem Globetrotters are an American exhibition basketball team. They combine athleticism, theater, entertainment, and comedy in their style of play. Over the years, the Globetrotters have played more than 26,000 exhibition games in 124 countries and territories, mostly against deliberately ineffective opponents, such as the Washington Generals (1953–1995, 2007–2015, 2017–present) and the New York Nationals (1995–2006). The team's signature song is Brother Bones' whistled version of "Sweet Georgia Brown", and their mascot is an anthropomorphized globe named "Globie". The team is owned by Herschend.
2005 Fermanagh District Council election
Elections to Fermanagh District Council were held on 5 May 2005 on the same day as the other Northern Irish local government elections. The election used four district electoral areas to elect a total of 23 councillors.

2005 Northern Ireland local elections
Elections for local government were held in Northern Ireland on 5 May 2005, contesting 582 seats in all, along with the 2005 general election across the entire United Kingdom and local elections in England.
Óscar Pastor (computer scientist)
Óscar Pastor (born 3 March 1962 in Valencia) is a Spanish computer scientist, Professor of software production methods at the Department of Information Systems and Computing of Universitat Politècnica de València, and the director of the Research Centre in Software Production Methods (PROS).

Model-driven engineering
Model-driven engineering (MDE) is a software development methodology that focuses on creating and exploiting domain models, which are conceptual models of all the topics related to a specific problem. Hence, it highlights and aims at abstract representations of the knowledge and activities that govern a particular application domain, rather than the computing (i.e. algorithmic) concepts.

MDE is a subfield of a software design approach referred as round-trip engineering. The scope of the MDE is much wider than that of the Model-Driven Architecture.
Lynching of Hullen Owens
Hullen Owens was an African-American man who was lynched in Texarkana, Bowie County, Texas by a white mob on May 19, 1922. According to a 1926 report by the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary, this was the 26th of 61 lynchings during 1922 in the United States.

Miller County, Arkansas
Miller County is a county located in the southwestern corner of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 42,600. The county seat is Texarkana. Miller County is part of the Texarkana, TX-AR, Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Metela Island
Metela Island is one of the many uninhabited Canadian arctic islands in Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut. It is a Baffin Island offshore island located in Frobisher Bay, southeast of the capital city of Iqaluit. Other islands in the immediate vicinity include Camp Island, Dog Island, Kungo Island, Quadrifid Island, and Sliver Island.

Baffin Island
Baffin Island (formerly Baffin Land and also James Island), in the Canadian territory of Nunavut, is the largest island in Canada, the second-largest island in the Americas (behind Greenland), and the fifth-largest island in the world. Its area is 507,451 km2 (195,928 sq mi) (slightly smaller than Thailand) with a population density of 0.026/km2 (0.067/sq mi); the population was 13,039 according to the 2021 Canadian census; and it is located at 68°N 70°W﻿ / ﻿68°N 70°W﻿ / 68; -70﻿ (Baffin Island). Iqaluit, the capital of Nunavut, is located on Frobisher Bay on the southern tip of the island.
Chautauqua Pavilion (Riverton, Iowa)
The Chautauqua Pavilion is a historic structure located in City Park in Riverton, Iowa, United States.  William "Coin" Harvey, a political ally of William Jennings Bryan, founded a political fraternal order known as the Patriots of America.  Fremont County, Iowa was said to have the largest number of members of any county in the US in the organization.  It was selected to have an experimental structure to house encampments of the Patriots.  Harvey donated $500 towards its construction in the Riverton city park.  Within a few years the organization died out, and the pavilion was used for summer Chautauqua shows, Sunday school and church services, school graduations and May Day observances.  The 70-foot (21 m) diameter structure is 35 feet (11 m) high in the center and 9 feet (3 m) high at the eaves.  It is capped with a conical-shaped roof and open on the sides.  The pavilion was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.

Chautauqua
Chautauqua (/ʃəˈtɔːkwə/ shə-TAW-kwə) is an adult education and social movement in the United States that peaked in popularity in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Chautauqua assemblies expanded and spread throughout rural United States until the mid-1920s. The Chautauqua brought entertainment and culture for the whole community, with speakers, teachers, musicians, showmen, preachers, and specialists of the day. U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt is often misquoted as saying that Chautauqua is "the most American thing in America". What he actually said was: "it is a source of positive strength and refreshment of mind and body to come to meet a typical American gathering like this—a gathering that is typically American in that it is typical of America at its best." Several Chautauqua assemblies continue to gather to this day, including the original Chautauqua Institution in Chautauqua, New York.
Uesen
Uesen is a village in and a district of Achim, a town located in Lower Saxony (Germany). It is part of the district of Verden and the river Weser is very close. Uesen is situated between the eastern part of Baden and the western city of Achim.

Achim
Achim (German pronunciation: [ˈaxɪm] ⓘ; Northern Low Saxon: Achem), commonly Achim bei Bremen, is a municipality and the largest town (population 30,059 in December 2006) in the district of Verden, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated on the right bank of the Weser, approx. 17 km northwest of Verden, and 16 km southeast of Bremen.
The Metamorphosis (short story)
"The Metamorphosis" is a short story by Joyce Carol Oates, originally published as "Others' Dreams" in New American Review (November 1971) and first collected in Marriages and Infidelities (1972) by Vanguard Press.

The story is a reinterpretation of the Franz Kafka story The Metamorphosis (1915), which Oates sets in an American suburb of the 1960s.

Joanne V. Creighton
Joanne Vanish Creighton (born 1942) is an American academic who served as the 16th President of Mount Holyoke College in South Hadley, Massachusetts, from 1996 to 2010. On August 10, 2011, the Haverford College Board of Managers named her interim President of Haverford College, replacing Stephen G. Emerson, who resigned.
Timeline of Pakistani history
This is a timeline of Pakistani history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in the region of modern-day Pakistan. To read about the background of these events, see History of Pakistan and History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.

MQM violence (1994–2016)
The MQM violence refers to political violence related to the Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM), a political party and militant organization representing the Muhajir community. Violence began in 1978 against the Sindh government and various other opponents. It was eventually suppressed during Operation Clean-up.

In 1994, after the military's withdrawal, MQM launched another wave of anti-state, sectarian, and ethnic violence. The intensity of this violence subsided following Operation Lyari and Karachi's targeted action. The 2015 Nine-Zero raids led to the arrest of several key MQM leaders and marked the beginning of a crackdown on the party. Another crackdown on 22 August 2016 resulted in the closure of the party headquarters near 90 Azizabad, Khursheed Memorial Hall, MPA Hostel, and Jinnah Park. Several other MQM leaders were arrested, marking "the end of the story for the party founder, Altaf Hussain".
Associação Desportiva Recreativa e Cultural Icasa
Associação Desportiva Recreativa e Cultural Icasa, or simply Icasa, is a Brazilian professional football club based in Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará. It competes in the Campeonato Cearense Série B, the second division of the Ceará state football league.

The club competed several times in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série C and returning after be relegated from Campeonato Brasileiro Série B in 2011.

Juazeiro do Norte
Juazeiro do Norte is a city in the state of Ceará state in northeastern Brazil. It is located 491 km south of the state capital Fortaleza in the semiarid sertão. The municipality has a population of 305.531 (2025 official estimate)  and covers 248 km2.

Juazeiro do Norte is best known as the base of the charismatic priest and politician Padre Cícero (Cícero Romão Batista) (1844-1934). A pilgrimage in his honour takes place every November, attracting thousands of followers.

The city is served by Orlando Bezerra de Menezes Airport. Juazeiro do Norte is connected to the nearby city of Crato by a commuter rail line called the Cariri Metro that opened in 2009–2010.

Juazeiro do Norte has one Sister City:

Sobral, Brazil
Toei Ōedo Line
The Toei Ōedo Line (都営地下鉄大江戸線, Toei Chikatetsu Ōedo-sen; "Greater Edo Line") is a rapid transit railway line of the municipal Toei Subway network in Tokyo, Japan. It commenced full operations on December 12, 2000; using the Japanese calendar this reads "12/12/12" as the year 2000 equals Heisei 12. The line is completely underground, making it the second-longest railway tunnel in Japan after the Seikan Tunnel.

On maps and signboards, the line is shown in magenta. Stations carry the letter "E" followed by a two-digit number inside a more pinkish ruby circle.

In fiscal year 2023, the Ōedo Line had the highest daily ridership in the Toei network, serving an average of 836,179 passengers per day. Despite this, it was the only Toei subway line to operate at a loss, incurring a deficit of 3.2 billion yen.

Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation
The Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation (東京都交通局, Tōkyō-to Kōtsū-kyoku), also known as Toei Transportation (都営交通, Toei Kōtsū), Toei Transport, or simply Toei (都営), is a bureau of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government which operates public transport services in Tokyo. Among its services, the Toei Subway is one of two rapid transit systems which make up the Tokyo subway system, the other being Tokyo Metro.
Takanashi clan
The Takanashi clan (Japanese: 高梨氏) of Shinano Province were direct descendants of Minamoto no Yorisue, son of Yorinobu. One of the grandsons of Yorisue soon on took the name Takanashi. Takanashi Tadanao was a noted retainer of the Minamoto clan during the Genpei War. During the Sengoku Period, the Takanashi enjoyed much prosperity and expansion in the Shinano region, until being attacked by Takeda Shingen. When the Takeda clan invaded their territory in 1553, the Takanashi allied with the Murakami, Ogasawara, and Suda clans. However, they all turned to Uesugi Kenshin of Echigo Province for assistance. The Takanashi lost their domain, but they managed to stay as retainers of the Uesugi clan.

Takeda clan
The Takeda clan (武田氏, Takeda-shi) was a Japanese samurai clan active from the late Heian period until the late 16th century. The clan was historically based in Kai Province in present-day Yamanashi Prefecture. The clan reached its greatest influence under the rule of Takeda Shingen, one of the most famous rulers of the period.
Sumner's conjecture
Sumner's conjecture (also called Sumner's universal tournament conjecture) is a conjecture in extremal graph theory on oriented trees in tournaments. It states that every orientation of every -vertex tree is a subgraph of every -vertex tournament.
David Sumner, a graph theorist at the University of South Carolina, conjectured in 1971 that tournaments are universal graphs for polytrees. The conjecture was proven for all large  by Daniela Kühn, Richard Mycroft, and Deryk Osthus.

Conjecture
In mathematics, a conjecture is a proposition that is proffered on a tentative basis without proof. Some conjectures, such as the Riemann hypothesis or Fermat's conjecture (now a theorem, proven in 1995 by Andrew Wiles), have shaped much of mathematical history as new areas of mathematics are developed in order to prove them.
Transport in Kolkata
Kolkata the Capital of the Indian state of West Bengal has a good transportation system. Kolkata's transport system is diverse, with a mix of modern and traditional modes of transport catering to the city's large population.

Kolkata’s transport infrastructure is continually evolving, with the metro expansions aimed at addressing the growing demand for public transport.

AJC Bose Road & APC Road
Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Road (earlier known as Lower Circular Road) and its continuation northwards called Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road (earlier known as Upper Circular Road), are together the longest and the most important north-south thoroughfare in Kolkata, India.