hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ermengarde de Carcassonne
Ermengarde de Carcassonne (died 1099), was a French noble, ruling vassal vicomtesse of Carcassonne from 1067 [1082] to 1099. She was the daughter of Pierre Raymond de Carcassonne and Rangarde de la Marche.

Ermengarde married Raymond Bernard, with whom she had her son Bernard Ato IV. After the death of her brother, Roger III de Carcassonne, in 1067, the succession of the county was disputed between Ermengarde and Roger II de Foix. The fight lasted for many years, because the successive suzerains, the counts Ramon Berenguer I, then Ramon Berenguer II and Ramon Berenguer III also had sights on the city and tried on several occasions to seize Carcassonne. Ermengarde was not recognized viscountess until 1082, and shared the government with her son Bernard Ato.

Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona
Ramon Berenguer III the Great (11 November 1082 – 23 January or 19 July 1131) was the count of Barcelona, Girona, and Ausona from 1086 (jointly with Berenguer Ramon II and solely from 1097), Besalú from 1111, Cerdanya from 1117, and count of Provence in the Holy Roman Empire, from 1112, all until his death in Barcelona in 1131. As Ramon Berenguer I, he was Count of Provence in right of his wife.
Giovanni Antonio Lecchi
Giovanni Antonio Lecchi or Giannantonio Lecchi (Milan, 17 November 1702 – 24 July 1776) was an Italian Jesuit, mathematician, engineer and physicist. He lived and worked with success in Milan rising to a notable level of prominence.

Treccani
Institute Giovanni Treccani for the publication of the Italian Encyclopedia (Italian: Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana - Treccani), also known as Treccani Institute or simply Treccani, is a cultural institution of national interest, active in the publishing field, founded by Giovanni Treccani and Giovanni Gentile in 1925. It is known for publishing the first edition and the subsequent ten supplements of the Italian Encyclopaedia of Science, Literature and Arts (Italian: Enciclopedia Italiana di scienze, lettere ed arti).
Constitution of Panama
The Republic of Panama is governed under the Constitution of Panama of 1972 as amended in 1978, 1983, 1993, 1994, and 2004. This is Panama's fourth constitution, previous constitutions having been adopted in 1904, 1941, and 1946. The differences among these constitutions have been matters of emphasis and have reflected the political circumstances existing at the time of their formulation.

Panama's successive constitutions have been respected to varying degrees by the republic's governments. Since the 1968 coup, opponents of various governments have accused them of violating the spirit and, at times, the letter of the constitution and of invoking the state of emergency provisions for purely political purposes. The creation of public confidence in the rule of law established by the constitution posed one of the major challenges to the government in the late 1980s.

National Assembly (Panama)
The National Assembly of Panama (Spanish: Asamblea Nacional de Panamá), formerly the Legislative Assembly of Panama (Asamblea Legislativa de Panamá), is the legislative branch of the government of the Republic of Panama.

It is a unicameral legislature, currently made up of 71 members, who serve five-year terms.  Legislators from outlying rural districts are chosen by a first past the post method, while districts located in more populous towns and cities elect multiple legislators by means of a proportion-based formula.  Panama's legislative elections are held simultaneous with its presidential and local elections.

Panama also returns a delegation of 20 deputies to the supranational Central American Parliament.
1941 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship final
The 1941 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship final was the 54th All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1941 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, an inter-county Gaelic football tournament for the top teams in Ireland.

Tom O'Connor (Gaelic footballer)
Thomas O'Connor (3 November 1918 – 26 February 1997) was an Irish Gaelic footballer. At club level he played with Dingle GAA club and was an All-Ireland Championship-winning captain with the Kerry senior football team.
Takutu River
The Takutu River (Takatu River, Tacutu River) is a river in the Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo Region of Guyana and Roraima in Brazil. It forms part of the boundary between the two countries. The confluence of the Takutu and Uraricoera Rivers forms the Branco River. The Takutu River's sources almost link with those of the Essequibo River; in the rainy season, flooding links the Takutu to the Rupununi River, a tributary of the Essequibo.

The Takutu River Bridge establishes an all-weather road connection between Guyana and Brazil.

Flooding of the Takutu effects the town of Lethem, the regional capital, and other settlements in the area such as St. Ignatius, Tabatinga, and Culvert City. The river experiences pollution in connection with gold-mining processes.

Rupununi
The Rupununi /rʌpəˈnʌni/ is a region in the south-west of Guyana, bordering the Brazilian Amazon. The Rupununi river, also known by the local indigenous peoples as Raponani, flows through the Rupununi region. The name Rupununi originates from the word rapon in the Makushi language, in which it means the black-bellied whistling duck found along the river.
Brett Chapman
Brett Chapman (Oklahoma, 1983) is an American attorney, a direct lineal descendant of Chief White Eagle (1840 - 1914), and a public figure who frequently is interviewed and speaks on Native American civil rights and self-determination.

Standing Bear
Standing Bear (c. 1829–1908) (Ponca official orthography: Maⁿchú-Naⁿzhíⁿ/Macunajin; other spellings: Ma-chú-nu-zhe, Ma-chú-na-zhe or Mantcunanjin pronounced [mãtʃuꜜnãʒĩꜜ]) was a Ponca chief and Native American civil rights leader who successfully argued in U.S. District Court in 1879 in Omaha that Native Americans are "persons within the meaning of the law" and have the right of habeas corpus, thus becoming the first Native American judicially granted civil rights under American law. His first wife Zazette Primeau (Primo), daughter of Lone Chief (also known as Antoine Primeau), mother of Prairie Flower and Bear Shield, was also a signatory on the 1879 writ that initiated the famous court case.
Remote pickup unit
A remote pickup unit or RPU is a radio system using special radio frequencies set aside for electronic news-gathering (ENG) and remote broadcasting.  It can also be used for other types of point-to-point radio links.

An RPU is used to send program material from a remote location to the broadcast station or network.  Usually these systems use specialized high audio fidelity radio equipment.  One manufacturer, Marti, was best known for manufacturing remote pickup equipment, so much so that the name is usually used to refer to a remote pickup unit regardless of who the actual equipment manufacturer actually is.

Today much of the remote broadcast use digital audio system fed over ISDN telephone lines.  This method is favored because of reliability of telephone lines versus a radio link back to the station.  The radio RPU remains much more favored for ENG however, because of its flexibility.

Electronic news gathering
Electronic news gathering (ENG) or electronic journalism (EJ) is usage of  electronic video and audio technologies by reporters to gather and present news instead of using film cameras. The term was coined during the rise of videotape technology in the 1970s. ENG can involve anything from a single reporter with a single professional video camera, to an entire television crew  taking a truck on location.
Nuspirit Helsinki
Nuspirit Helsinki is a musical collective from Finland. The group was conceived in 1998 by Tuomas Kallio and Hannu Nieminen. Their eponymous debut was released in 2002 via the Guidance Recordings imprint. In 2008, the group released Our Favorite Things. Nuspirit Helsinki, no longer active as a band, now serves as an umbrella for other projects.

The work of the group has been remixed by various artists including Jazzanova and Jori Hulkkonen.

Musical collective
A musical collective is a type of artist collective for musicians in which membership is flexible and creative control is shared. The concept is distinct from that of a traditional band in that musical collectives allow for flexibility in their rosters, and members are free to rotate in and out of the line-up. Collectives may exist in almost any genre of music, although they have been especially prominent in indie rock and hip hop. They may differ from record labels in that they primarily serve as mutual support for member artists, although some collectives may also serve as a record label for members.

Musical collectives typically consist of artists with similar stylistic interests. Notable musical collectives have included the Soulquarians, Elephant 6, and the Dungeon Family, and Odd Future, among others.
Shyroka Balka
Shyroka Balka (Ukrainian: Широка Балка; Russian: Широкая Балка) is a settlement in Horlivka municipality of Donetsk Oblast of eastern Ukraine, at 43.5 km NNE from the centre of Donetsk city.

During the War in Donbass, in 2015, the settlement was taken under control of pro-Russian forces of the self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic. In March 2023, the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine reported Russian shelling in the settlement.

Horlivka
Horlivka (US: /ˈhɔːrlɪfkə/ HOR-lif-kə; Ukrainian: Горлівка, IPA: [ˈɦɔrl⁽ʲ⁾iu̯kɐ] ⓘ), also known as Gorlovka (Russian: Горловка, IPA: [ˈɡorləfkə]), is a city in Donetsk Oblast of Ukraine. Its population is 239,828 (2022 estimate).

Economic activity is predominantly coal mining and the chemical industry. The Horlivka Institute for Foreign Languages has a two-building campus in the city centre.

The city was severely damaged during the Battle of Horlivka in 2014 as part of the war in Donbas. Since 2014, it has been mainly under Russian occupation.
F-ve Dolls
F-ve Dolls (Korean: 파이브돌스; sometimes stylized in all caps, formerly known as 5dolls) was a South Korean girl group formed by Core Contents Media in 2011. The group was composed of six members: Hyoyoung, Seunghee, Yeonkyung, Hyewon, Eunkyo and Nayeon. They debuted with two single tracks, "Lip Stains" (입술자국) and "I Mean You" (너 말이야), in 2011. The group was known as "Female Unit" of Coed School until CCM's announced that the group became independent in 2013, originally as five members, Soomi and Chanmi left the group’s line-up on 2012, The group disbanded on March 10, 2015.

Shannon (South Korean singer)
Shannon Arrum Williams (born 26 May 1998), known mononymously as Shannon, is a British streamer, former singer and voice of Jett from Valorant. In South Korea, she is known for being a contestant of K-pop Star 6: The Last Chance. Prior to debut, Shannon has released two singles: "Day and Night" with T-ara's Areum and Gavy NJ's Gun-ji in September 2012 and then "Remember You" featuring Speed's Jongkook in January 2014 before making her official debuted in December 2014 with digital single "Daybreak Rain". Since her debut, she has released two extended plays, six singles and three soundtrack appearances. In 2016, Shannon also made her debut as an actress with cast in drama Moorim School: Saga of the Brave. In 2019, Shannon left MBK Entertainment after the expiration of her contract. She has since retired as a singer and currently resides in London, now works as a Twitch streamer.
New Recovery Policy (Mongolia)
New Recovery Policy is a mid-term economic policy launched by the government of Mongolia aimed at revitalising the country’s economy following the outbreak of the global COVID-19 pandemic, as part of the country's Vision 2050. Introduced by Prime Minister L. Oyun-Erdene, the policy seeks to enhance Mongolia's economic independence, mitigate the adverse economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, and tackle development challenges over a 10 year period.

Prime Minister of Mongolia
The prime minister of Mongolia is the head of government of Mongolia. The prime minister is nominated by the president, appointed by the Mongolian parliament or the State Great Khural, and can be removed by the parliament with a vote of no confidence. The incumbent prime minister is Gombojavyn Zandanshatar, who succeeded Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene on 13 June 2025, following his resignation.
2023 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships
The 2023 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships took place from 19 to 24 September 2023 in London, United Kingdom under the auspices of International Canoe Federation (ICF). It was the 43rd edition and the events were held at the Lee Valley White Water Centre, the site of the 2012 Summer Olympics. London hosted the championships for the second time after previously hosting in 2015.

The championships were also the only global qualification event for the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris. 302 athletes from 58 countries competed for 15 quota spots in K1 events and 12 spots in C1 events.

Canoeing at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Qualification
This article details the qualifying phase for canoeing at the 2024 Summer Olympics.  Similar to the previous editions, the International Olympic Committee and the International Canoe Federation (ICF) had established a qualification system for both slalom and sprint canoeing. The quota places had already been set for each event by the ICF in October 2022.
Aspidomorphus muelleri
Aspidomorphus muelleri, also known commonly as Müller's crown snake and Müller's crowned snake, is a species of venomous snake in the subfamily Hydrophiinae of the family Elapidae. The species is native to Oceania. There are three recognized subspecies.

Leo Brongersma
Leo Daniel Brongersma (17 May 1907 in Bloemendaal, North Holland – 24 July 1994 in Leiden) was a Dutch zoologist, herpetologist, author, and lecturer.

Brongersma was born in Bloemendaal, North Holland, and earned his PhD at the University of Amsterdam in 1934. He was probably best known for his scientific paper, "European Atlantic Turtles", which was published in 1972, but he also served as the director of the Natural History Museum, Leiden and lectured at Leiden University until he retired at age 65. In the 1950s he led several expeditions to collect zoological specimens in New Guinea. He described many new reptile species from the Indo-Australian Archipelago and New Guinea. He was also a Member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences since 1952 and an Honorary Foreign Member of the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists. He died at his home in Leiden in 1994.
William Addison (chess player)
William Grady "Bill" Addison (November 28, 1933 in Baton Rouge, Louisiana – October 29, 2008 in San Francisco) was an American chess International Master (1967).

He played in the U.S. Chess Championships of 1962–63, 1963–64, 1965, 1966, and 1969. He took second place with 7.5/11 behind Samuel Reshevsky in the 1969 US Championship and qualified for the 1970 Interzonal at Palma de Mallorca, where he finished 18th. He represented the United States in the Chess Olympiads of 1964 and 1966 (team silver medal). His last published FIDE Elo rating was 2490 and his USCF rating was 2595.

From 1965 to 1969 he was director of the Mechanics' Institute Chess Club.

Samuel Reshevsky
Samuel Herman Reshevsky (born Szmul Rzeszewski; November 26, 1911 – April 4, 1992) was a Polish chess prodigy and later a leading American chess grandmaster. He was a contender for the World Chess Championship from the mid 1930s to the late 1960s. He tied for third place in the 1948 World Chess Championship tournament, tied for second in the  1953 Candidates tournament, and was a Candidate as late as 1968. He was an eight-time winner of the US Chess Championship, tying him with Bobby Fischer for the all-time record.

He was an accountant by profession, and also a chess writer.
Calcium borate
Calcium borate is a borate salt of calcium with the molecular formula Ca3(BO3)2. It can be prepared by reacting calcium metal with boric acid. The resulting precipitate is calcium borate. A hydrated form occurs naturally as the minerals colemanite, nobleite and priceite.

Borate
A borate is any of a range of boron oxyanions, anions containing boron and oxygen, such as orthoborate BO3−3, metaborate BO−2, or tetraborate B4O2−7; or any salt of such anions, such as sodium metaborate, Na+[BO2]− and borax (Na+)2[B4O7]2−. The name also refers to esters of such anions, such as trimethyl borate B(OCH3)3.
2012–13 Saint Mary's Gaels women's basketball team
The 2012–13 Saint Mary's Gaels women's basketball team represented Saint Mary's College of California in the 2012–13 college basketball season. It was head coach Paul Thomas's seventh season at Saint Mary's. The Gaels, members of the West Coast Conference, played their home games at the McKeon Pavilion. They finished the season at 23–11, 11–5 in conference play, and clinched the #3 seed in the WCC Tourney. After losing in the semifinals of the WCC Tournament, Saint Mary's was invited to participate in the 2013 Women's National Invitation Tournament, where they advanced to the quarterfinal round before being eliminated.

Saint Mary's Gaels women's basketball
The Saint Mary's Gaels women's basketball team represents Saint Mary's College in Moraga, California, competing in the West Coast Conference of the NCAA. The team plays home games in the McKeon Pavilion. They compete in the West Coast Conference.
Robert Langley
The Venerable Robert Langley (born 25 October 1937) was Archdeacon of Lindisfarne from 2001 until 2007.

Born on 25 October 1937 he was educated at Worksop College and St Catherine's College, Oxford and ordained in 1964. He was a curate at Aston cum Aughton, Sheffield from 1963 to 1968; secretary of the Christian Education Movement from 1968 to 1974; principal of Ian Ramsay College, Brasted from 1974 to 1977; head of the St Albans Diocese Ministerial Training Scheme from 1977 to 85; canon missioner for the Newcastle Diocese from 1985 to 1998; and then director of Ministry and Training in the same diocese until his appointment as an archdeacon.

Worksop College
Worksop College (formerly St Cuthbert's College) is a British co-educational private school for both boarding and day pupils aged 11 to 18, in Worksop. It sits at the northern edge of Sherwood Forest, in Nottinghamshire, England. Founded by Nathaniel Woodard in 1890, the school is a member of the Woodard Corporation and Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference, and has a strong Anglo-Catholic tradition.
Stara Vrhnika
Stara Vrhnika (pronounced [ˈstaːɾa ˈʋəɾxnika]; German: Altoberlaibach) is a village north of Vrhnika in the Inner Carniola region of Slovenia. It includes the hamlets of Kuren (or Koren), Podčelo, and Razor.

Vrhnika
Vrhnika (pronounced [ˈʋə̀ɾxnika] ⓘ; German: Oberlaibach; Latin: Nauportus) is a town in Slovenia. It is the seat of the Municipality of Vrhnika. It is located on the Ljubljanica River, 21 km from Ljubljana along the A1 motorway.
Manhattan Valley
Manhattan Valley is a neighborhood in the northern part of the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City. It is bounded by West 110th Street to the north, Central Park West to the east, West 96th Street to the south, and Broadway to the west.

110th Street (Manhattan)
110th Street is a street in the New York City borough of Manhattan. It is also known as Central Park North. In the west, between Central Park West/Frederick Douglass Boulevard and Riverside Drive, it is also known as Cathedral Parkway.
Sun Wei (politician, born 1961)
Sun Wei (Chinese: 孙伟; born December 1961) is a Chinese politician who is the current party branch secretary of the Hubei Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. Previously he served as deputy party secretary of Gansu, and before that, executive vice governor of Shandong. He was a delegate to the 11th and 12th National People's Congress. He was a representative of the 18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party and is a representative of the 19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party.

12th National People's Congress
The 12th National People's Congress (NPC) was elected in national congressional conferences from October 2012 to February 2013 and was in session from 2013 to 2018. It succeeded the 11th National People's Congress.  It held five plenary sessions in this period, occurring around early March every year.  It was succeeded by the communing of the 13th National People's Congress.
Rønnede
Rønnede is a town in Faxe Municipality, in Region Zealand, Denmark. It is located just east of exit 37 at the European route E47 motorway, 25 km southwest of Køge, 6 km west of Faxe, 30 km northeast of Vordingborg and 19 km east of Næstved.

Prior to the Kommunalreformen ("The Municipality Reform" of 2007), Rønnede was the municipal seat of Rønnede Municipality.

Køge
Køge (Danish pronunciation: [ˈkʰøː(j)ə], older spelling Kjøge) is a Danish seaport on the coast of Køge Bugt (Bay of Køge) 39 km southwest of Copenhagen. It is the principal town and seat of Køge Municipality, Region Zealand, Denmark. In 2025, the urban area had a population of 38,506.

The natural harbour and strategic location have given Køge a long history as a market town. Today, that past is evident in a well-preserved old town centre with many half-timbered houses.

Køge is located in the Copenhagen metropolitan area and is connected to downtown Copenhagen by the E line of the S-train commuter rail system. Køge is also on the Copenhagen-Ringsted Line that was opened in June 2019. The new line positioned Køge as a central hub in Denmark's transport system.
Gotha WD.3
The Gotha WD.3 (for Wasser Doppeldecker - "Water Biplane") was a prototype maritime reconnaissance floatplane developed during World War I by Gothaer Waggonfabrik (Gotha) for the Imperial German Navy's (Kaiserliche Marine) Naval Air Service (Marine-Fliegerabteilung). The three-seat aircraft used the pusher configuration with the engine behind the crew. It was lacking in performance compared to aircraft with the more common tractor configuration with the engine in the nose and was not approved for production. The single prototype completed was used as a training aircraft; its ultimate fate is unknown.

Parabellum MG 14
The Parabellum MG 14 was a 7.92 mm caliber World War I machine gun built by Deutsche Waffen und Munitionsfabriken. It was a redesign of the Maschinengewehr 08 machine gun (itself an adaptation of the Maxim gun) system intended for use on aircraft and zeppelins.
Seth Cropsey
Seth Cropsey is an American political figure and former United States Department of Defense official. He is the author of several books and studies on maritime strategy and the president of the Yorktown Institute, which describes itself as focused on "great power competition and the U.S. naval and military supremacy that must undergird American grand strategy." He is a former Lt. Commander in the U.S. Navy, where he served from 1985 to 2004.

The Heritage Foundation
The Heritage Foundation (or simply Heritage) is an American right-wing think tank based in Washington, D.C. Founded in 1973, it took a leading role in the conservative movement in the 1980s during the presidency of Ronald Reagan, whose policies were taken from Heritage Foundation studies, including its Mandate for Leadership.

The Heritage Foundation has had significant influence in U.S. public policy making, and has historically been ranked among the most influential public policy organizations in the United States. In 2010, it founded a sister organization, Heritage Action, an influential activist force in conservative and Republican politics.

Heritage leads Project 2025, also known as the 2025 Presidential Transition Project, an extensive plan that includes appointing ideologically aligned civil servants, restricting abortion access, opposing LGBTQ+ rights, transforming federal agencies for political purposes, and imposing strict immigration policies.