hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Maksalaatikko
Liver casserole (Finnish: maksalaatikko, Swedish: leverlåda) is a Finnish food that is made of rice, ground liver, butter, syrup, egg, onion, and raisin. It is traditionally served with lingonberry jam.

It is also sold ready-to-eat and eaten as an everyday food, and appears commonly in school lunches. In 2011, a Gallup poll of 299 schoolchildren found that liver casserole was the least liked dish in the school menus. Nevertheless, it remains as a popular convenience food.

Traditionally maksalaatikko was eaten at Christmas but these days it is rather seen as a year-round daily dish.

Finnish cuisine
Finnish cuisine is notable for generally combining traditional country fare and haute cuisine with contemporary continental-style cooking. Fish and meat (usually pork, beef or reindeer) play a prominent role in traditional Finnish dishes in some parts of the country, while the dishes elsewhere have traditionally included various vegetables and mushrooms. Evacuees from Karelia contributed to foods in other parts of Finland in the aftermath of the Continuation War.

Finnish foods often use wholemeal products (rye, barley, oats) and berries (such as bilberries, lingonberries, cloudberries, and sea buckthorn). Milk and its derivatives like buttermilk are commonly used as food, drink or in various recipes. Various turnips were common in traditional cooking, but were replaced with the potato after its introduction in the 18th century.
Erpe
Erpe is a sub-municipality of Erpe-Mere in Flanders, Belgium, on the Molenbeek-Ter Erpenbeek in the Denderstreek in the southeast of East Flanders and belongs to Arrondissement of Aalst. The sub-municipality is bordered by the sub-municipalities of Mere, Ottergem, and Erondegem and the municipalities Lede and Aalst. Erpe had 4903 inhabitants as of 1 January 2003 and an area of 8.28 km2 (3.20 sq mi). The population density is 592/km2 (1,530/sq mi).

Lede, Belgium
Lede (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈleːdə] ⓘ) is a municipality in the Belgian province of East Flanders, in the Denderstreek near the cities of Ghent, Aalst and Dendermonde.

In 2011, Lede had a population of 17,882 and area of 29.69 km2, a population density of 575 inhabitants per km2. The current mayor of Lede is Geertrui Van de Velde (CD&V).
Outline of Esperanto
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Esperanto:

Esperanto is the most widely spoken constructed international auxiliary language. L. L. Zamenhof, a Polish-Jewish ophthalmologist, created Esperanto in the late 19th century and published the first book detailing it, Unua Libro, in 1887 under the pseudonym Dr. Esperanto, Esperanto translating as "one who hopes".

Plouézec International Meetings
The Breton village of Plouézec (in French) or Ploueg-ar-Mor (in Breton) has hosted an International Meeting annually since 1997. The working language of the meeting is Esperanto, and the meeting covers diverse activities — tourism, socialising, yoga, choral singing, theatre, computing, using an abacus, Breton language for beginners, and origami. There are also dedicated Esperanto courses for participants with all levels of fluency, from beginners through intermediate levels all the way to specialised workshops in translation, language teaching, or specific aspects of Esperanto grammar. The 20th such meeting in 2016 included the second Pan-Celtic Esperanto Congress, and the next international meeting is planned there for mid-August 2017 .
Cookie syncing
Cookie syncing, cookie synchronization or cookie matching is a technique in online advertising to track users across multiple websites. Once users see an advertisement, user data in the form of cookies is shared among ad companies, allowing them to link pieces of information that uniquely identify a user together and create a user-specific profile to optimize targeted advertising. The process increases the relevance of personalized ads shown to the user, but raises privacy concerns in the way it enables companies to track people across the internet without their direct knowledge or explicit consent. Cookie syncing can also expose personal information, weaken security, and is difficult for users to avoid, even if they attempt to delete cookies on their device. The practice is widespread among major advertising networks. In Europe, the General Data Protection Regulation led to a decrease in cookie syncing compared to the United States.

Web tracking
Web tracking is the practice by which operators of websites and third parties collect, store and share information about visitors' activities on the World Wide Web. Analysis of a user's behaviour may be used to provide content that enables the operator to infer their preferences and may be of interest to various parties, such as advertisers. Web tracking can be part of visitor management.
Montelabbate
Montelabbate is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pesaro e Urbino in the Italian region Marche, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northwest of Ancona and about 12 kilometres (7 mi) southwest of Pesaro.

Montelabbate borders the following municipalities: Colbordolo,  Pesaro, Sant'Angelo in Lizzola, Tavullia, Urbino, Vallefoglia.

Ancona
Ancona (/æŋˈkoʊnə/, also US: /ænˈ-, ɑːnˈ-/; Italian: [aŋˈkoːna] ⓘ) is a city and a seaport in the Marche region of central Italy. The city of Ancona has an estimated population of around 99,469 as of 2025. Ancona is the capital of the homonymous province and of the region. The city is located 280 km (170 mi) northeast of Rome, on the Adriatic Sea, between the slopes of the two extremities of the promontory of Monte Conero, Monte Astagno and Monte Guasco. The hilly nature around Ancona is a strong contrast to the flatter coastline in areas further north.

Ancona is one of the main ports on the Adriatic Sea, especially for passenger traffic, and is the main economic and demographic centre of the region.

As a result of Ancona's unique elbow shape facing the sea, Ancona is one of the few cities in the world and the only city in Italy where it is possible to see both sunrise and sunset over the sea.
Philippine literature in Spanish
Philippine literature in Spanish (Spanish: Literatura filipina en español; Filipino: Literaturang Pilipino sa Espanyol) is a body of literature made by Filipino writers in the Spanish language. Today, this corpus is the third largest in the whole corpus of Philippine literature (Philippine Literature in Filipino being the first, followed by Philippine literature in English). It is slightly larger than the Philippine literature in the vernacular languages. However, because of the very few additions to it in the past 30 years, it is expected that the former will soon overtake its rank.

Pedro Paterno
Pedro Alejandro Paterno y de Vera-Ignacio (February 27, 1857 – April 26, 1911) was a Filipino politician. He was also a poet and a novelist.

His intervention on behalf of the Spanish led to the signing of the Pact of Biak-na-Bato on December 14, 1897, an account of which he published in 1910. Among his other works include the first novel written by a native Filipino, Ninay (1885), and the first Filipino collection of poems in Spanish, Sampaguitas y otras poesías varias ("Jasmines and Other Various Poems"), published in Madrid in 1880.
Oliver B. Shallenberger
Oliver Blackburn Shallenberger (May 7, 1860 – January 23, 1898) was an American electrical engineer and inventor. He is associated with electrical inventions related to alternating current. He is most noted for inventing the first successful alternating current (AC) electrical meter, the forerunner of the modern electric meter.  This was critical to general acceptance of AC power.

Beaver County, Pennsylvania
Beaver County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 168,215. Its county seat is Beaver, and its largest city is Aliquippa. The county is part of the Greater Pittsburgh region of the commonwealth.
1600s (decade)
The 1600s (pronounced "sixteen-hundreds") was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on 1 January 1600, and ended on 31 December 1609.

The term "sixteen-hundreds" could also mean the entire century from 1 January 1600 to 31 December 1699.

The decade was a period of significant political, scientific, and artistic advancement. European Colonies such as Virginia were established in the late 1600s. Galileo Galilei and Johannes Kepler made significant contributions to science and astronomy. The Polish-Swedish War saw the Battle of Kokenhausen in 1601, where Polish horsemen led by Krzysztof Radziwiłł defeated Swedish attackers under Carl Gyllenhielm.

Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor
Rudolf II (18 July 1552 – 20 January 1612) was Holy Roman Emperor (1576–1612), King of Hungary and Croatia (as Rudolf I, 1572–1608), King of Bohemia (1575–1608/1611) and Archduke of Austria (1576–1608). He was a member of the House of Habsburg.

Rudolf's legacy has traditionally been viewed in three ways: an ineffectual ruler whose mistakes led directly to the Thirty Years' War; a great and influential patron of Northern Mannerist art; and an intellectual devotee of occult arts and learning which helped seed what would be called the Scientific Revolution. Determined to unify Christendom, he initiated the Long Turkish War (1593–1606) with the Ottoman Empire. Exhausted by war, his citizens in Hungary revolted in the Bocskai Uprising, which led to more authority being given to his brother Matthias. Under Rudolf's reign, there was a policy of tolerance towards Judaism.
Pieljekaise National Park
Pieljekaise is a Swedish national park. It lies about 10 km (6.2 mi) south of Jäkkvik in Arjeplog Municipality, Lappland. The park covers an area of 153.4 km2 (59.2 sq mi). It consists largely of birch woods. The park is traversed by the Kungsleden hiking trail and the trail continues into the nearby the Vindelfjällens Nature Reserve, one of the largest protected areas in Europe.

Lapland (Sweden)
Lapland, also known by its Swedish name Lappland, is the northernmost province of Sweden. It borders the Swedish provinces of Jämtland, Ångermanland, Västerbotten, and Norrbotten, as well as Norway and Finland. Nearly a quarter of Sweden's land area is in Lapland.

The historical province of Lapland originally extended further eastward. However, in 1809 the Russian Empire annexed the eastern part of Sweden and formed the Grand Duchy of Finland in that territory. This effectively split Lapland into a Swedish part and a Finnish part, both of which still exist today. Swedish Lapland primarily consists of the inland parts of Västerbotten County in the south and Norrbotten County in the north. It has the coldest climates of Sweden, with vast seasonal differences caused by the high latitudes and the inland location.
Chester-class cruiser
The three Chester-class cruisers were the first United States Navy vessels to be designed and designated as fast "scout cruisers" for fleet reconnaissance. They had high speed but little armor or armament. They were authorized in January 1904, ordered in fiscal year 1905, and completed in 1908. In 1920 all scout cruisers were redesignated as "light cruisers" (CL).

Birmingham was the first ship in the world to launch an airplane, in 1910 with pilot Eugene Ely, who also performed the first landing on a ship the following year, on USS Pennsylvania. The class patrolled the Caribbean prior to World War I, sometimes supporting military interventions, with Chester playing a key role at the start of the United States occupation of Veracruz in 1914. The ships escorted convoys in World War I. The class was decommissioned 1921-1923 and sold for scrap to comply with the limits of the London Naval Treaty in 1930.

USS Pennsylvania (ACR-4)
The second USS Pennsylvania (ACR/CA-4), also referred to as Armored Cruiser No. 4, and later renamed Pittsburgh, was a United States Navy armored cruiser, the lead ship of her class. She was originally assigned the name Nebraska but was renamed Pennsylvania on 7 March 1901.
Secaucus (album)
Secaucus is the second album by the American rock band The Wrens, released in 1996. Secaucus is named for the city in which it was recorded, Secaucus, New Jersey. The Wrens were signed to major label Grass Records for the album; Grass dropped the band after they refused to be forced into a new contract. The Wrens' follow-up to  Secaucus, The Meadowlands, was released seven years later, in 2003.

Secaucus, New Jersey
Secaucus (/ˈsiːkɔːkəs/ SEE-kaw-kəs) is a town in Hudson County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the town's population was 22,181, an increase of 5,917 (+36.4%) from the 2010 census count of 16,264, which in turn reflected an increase of 333 (+2.1%) from the 15,931 counted in the 2000 census.

Located within the New Jersey Meadowlands, it is the most suburban of the county's municipalities, though large parts of the town are dedicated to light manufacturing, retail, and transportation uses, as well as protected areas.

Secaucus is a derivation of the Algonquian words for "black" (seke or sukit) and "snake" (achgook; perhaps something like /axkuk/), or "place of snakes", or from sekakes, referring to snakes.
Nepenthaceae (2001 monograph)
"Nepenthaceae" is a monograph by Martin Cheek and Matthew Jebb on the tropical pitcher plants of Malesia, which encompasses Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, and Singapore. It was published in 2001 by the National Herbarium of the Netherlands as the fifteenth volume of the Flora Malesiana series. The species descriptions presented in the monograph are based on the authors' field observations in Borneo, New Guinea, and Peninsular Malaysia, as well as the examination of plant material deposited at 20 herbaria.

Nepenthes gymnamphora
Nepenthes gymnamphora /nɪˈpɛnθiːz dʒɪmˈnæmfɔːrə/ is a tropical pitcher plant native to the Indonesian islands of Java and Sumatra. It has a wide altitudinal range of 600–2,800 metres (2,000–9,200 ft) above sea level. There is much debate surrounding the taxonomic status of this species and the taxa N. pectinata and N. xiphioides.

The specific epithet gymnamphora is derived from the Greek words gymnos (naked) and amphoreus (pitcher).
Golden Hills (Russia)
Golden Hills (in Russian, Zolotiye Gorki) is an archaeological site in southern Russia. It is located in the region of the lower Don River, on the Aksay River about 70 km (43 mi) east of Rostov-on-Don.

Golden Hills was the site of a fortress during the early Middle Ages. It appears to have been part of a chain of fortifications erected or maintained by the Khazar Khaganate. The main Khazar fort in this area is believed to be at Semikarakorsk, located about 20 km to the east.

Artefacts from the site conform to those found at other Saltovo-Mayaki settlements from the Khazar period (c. 8th-10th centuries CE)

The site was excavated beginning in June 2002 by a group of Russian, American, and British scholars from the Rostov State University and the Center for the Study of Eurasian Nomads. They carried out a geomagnetic survey and excavated approximately 100 m2 (1,100 sq ft)

Saltovo-Mayaki
Saltovo-Mayaki, also known as Saltovo-Majaki or simply Saltiv, is the name given by archaeologists to the early medieval culture of the Pontic steppe region roughly between the Don and the Dnieper Rivers, flourishing roughly between the years of 700 and 950. The culture's type sites are Mayatskoye (aka Mayaki) near the Don and Verkhnii Saltiv by the Donets.
Honing Hall
Honing Hall is a Grade II* listed building which stands in a small estate close to the village of Honing in the English county of Norfolk within the United Kingdom. It was built in 1748 for a wealthy worsted weaver called Andrew Chamber.

Honing, Norfolk
Honing is a village and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. The civil parish also includes the village of Crostwight.

Honing is located 13 miles (21 km) south-east of Cromer and 15 miles (24 km) north-east of Norwich.
Pulborough Signal Box
Pulborough Signal Box is a signal box in Pulborough, Sussex. It has been Grade II listed building since 13 August 2013.

The box was built in 1878 and was a Saxby and Farmer type 5 design. This design was used from 1876 to 1896. This particular box has two stories, with the locking room on the ground floor and the operations room on the floor above. It is rectangular, two bays long by one bay wide.

Pulborough
Pulborough is a village and civil parish in the Horsham district of West Sussex, England, with some 5,000 inhabitants. It is located almost centrally within West Sussex and is 42 miles (68 km) south west of London. It is at the junction of the north–south A29 and the east–west A283 roads.

The village is near the confluence of the River Arun and the River Rother, on the Stane Street Roman road from London to Chichester.  It looks southwards over the broad flood plain of the tidal Arun to a backdrop of the South Downs. It is on the northern boundary of the newly established South Downs National Park.

The parish covers an area of 5,183 acres (2,098 hectares). The twelfth-century parish church is dedicated to St Mary. In the 2001 census there were 4,685 people living in 1,976 households of whom 2,333 were economically active. At the 2011 census the population of Bignor was included and the total population was 5,206.
Pawe special woreda
Pawe is one of the 20 woredas in the Benishangul-Gumuz Region of Ethiopia. Because it is not part of any Zone in Benishangul-Gumuz, it is considered a Special woreda, an administrative subdivision which is similar to an autonomous area. It is a model special woreda in the country for its demographic diversity and huge mix in population while sustaining a peaceful co-existence. Pawe is nominally part of Metekel, bordered on the east and north by the Amhara Region. The largest town in Pawe is Almu; other towns include Felege Selam and Ketema.

Awi people
The Awi people are an ethnic group in Ethiopia and are one of the Agaw peoples. The Awi live in Agew Awi Zone west of Mirab Gojjam and have a few communities in the Metekel Zone of the Benishangul-Gumuz Region.

The Awi people are composed of seven subgroups, called Ankäša, Azäna, Chara, Qʷaqura, Banʤa, Zigän and Mätäkäl (አንከሻ ፣ አዛና ፣ ጫራ ፣ ቋቁራ ፣ ባንጃ ፣ ዚገን ፣ and መተከል). All Awi groups are classified to the Agaw line (አገው). These Awi mainly live in the Agäw Awi Zone located central Gojjam (Amhara Region), whereas small numbers of Awi groups as well reside in Mätäkäl Zone, neighboring Benishangul-Gumuz Region.
Friendship (2024 film)
Friendship is a 2024 American black comedy film written and directed by Andrew DeYoung in his feature directorial debut. It stars Tim Robinson, Kate Mara, Jack Dylan Grazer, and Paul Rudd. The story follows Craig, a socially awkward marketing executive, and his increasingly fraught bond with his new neighbor, Austin, a local TV meteorologist.

The film premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 8, 2024, in the Midnight Madness program, and was released in the United States by A24 with a limited opening on May 9, 2025, before a wide release on May 23, 2025. The film received generally positive reviews and grossed $16.6 million.

2024 Toronto International Film Festival
The 49th annual Toronto International Film Festival was held from September 5–15, 2024.

The festival opened with David Gordon Green's film Nutcrackers, and closed with Rebel Wilson's directorial debut film The Deb.
Didier Bigo
Didier Bigo (born 31 August 1956) is a French academic from Lille and Professor of International Relations at King's College London and at Sciences Po, Paris. He has authored two books, Polices en réseaux. L'expérience européenne (1996) and Pouvoir et obéissance en Centrafrique (1988) and has been the editor for many others.

He co-founded, with R. B. J. Walker, the peer-reviewed academic journal, International Political Sociology and is the director of the French journal, Cultures et Conflits. He is considered one of the leading academics within the Paris School of security studies, and a founding figure of the International Political Sociology research programme.

Security studies
Security studies, also known as international security studies, is an academic sub-field within the wider discipline of international relations that studies organized violence, military conflict, national security, and international security.

While the field (much like its parent field of international relations) is often meant to educate students who aspire to professional careers in think tanks, consulting, defense contractors, human rights NGOs or in government service positions focused on diplomacy, foreign policy, conflict resolution and prevention, emergency and disaster management, intelligence, and defense, it can also be tailored to students seeking to professionally conduct academic research within academia, or as public intellectuals, pundits or journalists writing about security policy.
Schizacme archeri
Schizacme archeri is a common alpine cushion-forming plant species endemic to Tasmania, Australia. It grows mostly in the west of the state, south of Cradle Mountain and the Central Highlands. It was previously known as Mitrasacme archeri, but Schizame is now considered its own distinct genus.

S. archeri has firm, rigid, glossy, imbricate leaves which grow off the stem with pale or hyaline margins. The leaves measure to be 2-4mm long and 0.9-1.2mm wide. It can have white flowers which grow at the end of stems which are 0.2-2mm long. It generally flowers or fruits from October to May.

S. archeri can be distinguished from Schizacme montana and other cushion plants by its leaves. S. archeri has leaves that are circular and stacked together unlike other cushion plants. S. montana does not have translucent margins as S. archeri does.

Mitrasacme
Mitrasacme  is a genus of plants in the family Loganiaceae. The genus includes 55 species mostly in Australia, though also extending to various parts of Asia and the Pacific Islands. Two species also occur in China.

The name comes from the Greek, alluding to “the highest point of the mitre”. As the fruit capsule has an alleged resemblance to a mitre.
Wedgie
A wedgie is the act of forcibly pulling a person's underpants upwards from the back, thus forcing the fabric into the intergluteal cleft uncomfortably. The act is often performed as a school prank or a form of bullying.

Wedgies are commonly featured in popular works, either as a form of low comedy or as a behaviour representative of bullying. In such works, briefs are usually the type of underpants that are worn by the victim.

The same term can also refer to the situation wherein any clothing worn over the buttocks randomly becomes wedged between them.

Underpants
Underpants are underwear worn on the lower body generally extending no higher than the navel.
In British English they are often called simply pants.
If a given pair of underpants has a wider waistband, it might bear the brand name of the manufacturer on it.