hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Baraftab-e Poshtkuh
Baraftab-e Poshtkuh (Persian: برافتاب پشتكوه, also Romanized as Barāftāb-e Poshtkūh; also known as Barāftāb) is a village in Babuyi Rural District, Basht District, Basht County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 91, in 18 families.

Babuyi Rural District
Babuyi Rural District (Persian: دهستان بابوئي) is in Bustan District of Basht County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, Iran. It is administered from the city of Bustan. The rural district was previously administered from the city of Basht.
Cyanoacetic acid
Cyanoacetic acid is an organic compound. It is a white, hygroscopic solid.  The compound contains two functional groups, a nitrile (−C≡N) and a carboxylic acid.  It is a precursor to cyanoacrylates, components of adhesives.

Carboxylic acid
In organic chemistry, a carboxylic acid is an organic acid that contains a carboxyl group (−C(=O)−OH) attached to an R-group. The general formula of a carboxylic acid is often written as R−COOH or R−CO2H, sometimes as R−C(O)OH with R referring to an organyl group (e.g., alkyl, alkenyl, aryl), or hydrogen, or other groups. Carboxylic acids occur widely. Important examples include the amino acids and fatty acids. Deprotonation of a carboxylic acid gives a carboxylate anion.
Zizilivakan language
Zizilivakan (Ziziliveken, Ziliva, Àmzírív), also known as Fali of Jilbu and Ulan Mazhilvən, is a Chadic language spoken in Cameroon in Far North Province and neighboring Nigeria. It is one of several in the area that go by the name Fali.

Zizilivékén is spoken in Cameroon by only a few hundred people (Crozier and Blench 1992), near the border with Nigeria. It is spoken west of Guili (Bourrha commune, Mayo-Tsanaga department, Far North Region). It is also spoken in Nigeria around the town of Jilvu. In Cameroon, it is not spoken as much as in Nigeria.

Fali languages (Cameroon)
Fali comprises two languages spoken in northern Cameroon. Included in Greenberg's Adamawa languages (as group G11), it was excluded from that family by Boyd (1989). Roger Blench suspects it may represent one of the earlier lineages to have branched off the Atlantic–Congo stock.
Hyperion Cantos
The Hyperion Cantos is a series of science fiction novels by Dan Simmons. The title was originally used for the collection of the first pair of books in the series, Hyperion and The Fall of Hyperion, and later came to refer to the overall storyline, including Endymion, The Rise of Endymion, and a number of short stories. More narrowly, inside the fictional storyline, after the first volume, the Hyperion Cantos is an epic poem written by the character Martin Silenus covering in verse form the events of the first two books.

Of the four novels, Hyperion received the Hugo and Locus Awards in 1990; The Fall of Hyperion won the Locus and British Science Fiction Association Awards in 1991; and The Rise of Endymion received the Locus Award in 1998.  All four novels were also nominated for various science fiction awards.

Locus Award
The Locus Awards are an annual set of literary awards voted on by readers of the science fiction and fantasy magazine Locus, a monthly magazine based in Oakland, California. The awards are presented at an annual banquet.

Originally a poll of Locus subscribers only, voting is now open to anyone, but the votes of subscribers count twice as much as the votes of non-subscribers. The award was inaugurated in 1971, and was originally intended to provide suggestions and recommendations for the Hugo Awards. They have come to be considered a prestigious prize in science fiction, fantasy and horror literature. The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction regards the Locus Awards as sharing the stature of the Hugo and Nebula Awards.

Gardner Dozois holds the record for the most wins (43), while Neil Gaiman has won the most awards for works of fiction (18). Robert Silverberg has received the  highest number of nominations (158).
Wing Commander: Armada
Wing Commander: Armada is a computer game set in the universe of Chris Roberts' Wing Commander franchise. Created by Origin Systems and distributed by Electronic Arts in 1994, Armada was the first official game of the Wing Commander series to feature multiplayer mode. This game was released shortly before Wing Commander III: Heart of the Tiger and features a new graphics engine, capable of rendering fully 3D ship models, which is more powerful than the sprite-based engine used in Wing Commander II: Vengeance of the Kilrathi.

Chris Roberts (video game developer)
Chris Roberts (born May 27, 1968) is a British-American video game designer, programmer, film producer and film director. He created the Wing Commander series while at Origin Systems and has been working on the crowdfunded space simulator Star Citizen since 2010.
Moving frame
In mathematics, a moving frame is a flexible generalization of the notion of a coordinate frame (an ordered basis of a vector space, in conjunction with an origin) often used to study the extrinsic differential geometry of smooth manifolds embedded in a homogeneous space.

Solder form
In mathematics, more precisely in differential geometry, a soldering (or sometimes solder form) of a fiber bundle to a smooth manifold is a manner of attaching the fibers to the manifold in such a way that they can be regarded as tangent.  Intuitively, soldering expresses in abstract terms the idea that a manifold may have a point of contact with a certain model Klein geometry at each point.  In extrinsic differential geometry, the soldering is simply expressed by the tangency of the model space to the manifold.  In intrinsic geometry, other techniques are needed to express it.  Soldering was introduced in this general form by Charles Ehresmann in 1950.
Gmina Łosice
Gmina Łosice is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Łosice, which lies approximately 118 kilometres (73 mi) east of Warsaw.

The gmina covers an area of 121.22 square kilometres (46.8 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 11,258 (out of which the population of Łosice amounts to 7,252, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 4,006).

Łosice County
Łosice County (Polish: powiat łosicki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Masovian Voivodeship, east-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Łosice, which lies 118 kilometres (73 mi) east of Warsaw.

The county covers an area of 771.77 square kilometres (298.0 sq mi). As of 2019, its total population is 30,395, out of which the population of Łosice is 7,049 and the rural population is 23,846.
The Jupiter Myth
The Jupiter Myth is a 2002 historical mystery crime novel by Lindsey Davis and the 14th book in the Marcus Didius Falco Mysteries series.  Set in Londinium, Britannia in August AD 75, the novel stars Marcus Didius Falco, informer and imperial agent. The title refers to the use of Jupiter-related mythology by the crime syndicate to identify businesses associated with them.

Londinium is the setting for two previous Falco novels, The Silver Pigs and A Body in the Bath House. The novel is notable for the introduction of Albia, the young British orphan who becomes Falco's adoptive daughter and is the protagonist of a second novel series by Davis, beginning with The Ides of April.

Davis used up-to-date archaeological knowledge in developing the backdrop to the story.

Gladiatrix
The gladiatrix (pl.: gladiatrices) was a female gladiator of ancient Rome. Like their male counterparts, gladiatrices fought each other, or wild animals, to entertain audiences at games and festivals (ludi).

Very little is known about female gladiators. They seem to have used much the same equipment as men, but were few in number and almost certainly considered an exotic rarity by their audiences. They are mentioned in literary sources from the end of the  Roman Republic and early Roman Empire, and are attested in only a few inscriptions. Female gladiators were officially banned as unseemly from 200 AD onwards, but the word gladiatrix does not appear until late antiquity.
M23 (New York City bus)
The 23rd Street Crosstown is a surface transit line on 23rd Street in Manhattan, New York City. It currently hosts the M23 SBS bus route of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA)'s Regional Bus Operations. The M23 runs between Chelsea Piers, along the West Side Highway near 22nd Street, via 23rd Street, to Avenue C and 20th Street in Stuyvesant Town–Peter Cooper Village.

The route was originally the Twenty-third Street Railway, a street railway that was originally operated as horse cars and later electric traction. The company was chartered on January 29, 1872. The Twenty-third Street Railway was leased by numerous larger companies in the late 19th and early 20th century. The trolley line was replaced with bus service in 1936 and was originally numbered the M18-15 and the M26 before gaining the current M23 designation in 1989. On November 6, 2016, it became a Select Bus Service (SBS) route.

New York City Department of Transportation
The New York City Department of Transportation (NYCDOT) is the agency of the government of New York City responsible for the management of much of New York City's transportation infrastructure. Mike Flynn is the Commissioner of the Department of Transportation, and was appointed by Mayor Zohran Mamdani on January 1, 2026. Former Commissioners have included Ydanis Rodriguez, Polly Trottenberg, Janette Sadik-Khan, and Iris Weinshall. The NYCDOT has a training center in eastern Queens.
Patience Worth
Patience Worth was allegedly a disembodied spirit contacted by Pearl Lenore Curran (February 15, 1883 – December 2, 1937). This purported relationship produced several novels, poetry and prose which Pearl Curran claimed were delivered to her through channelling the spirit of Patience Worth.

Psychologists and skeptics who have studied Curran's writings are in agreement that Patience was a fictitious creation of Curran.

American Society for Psychical Research
The American Society for Psychical Research (ASPR) is the oldest psychical research organization in the United States dedicated to parapsychology. Until recently, it maintained offices and a library in New York City that were open to members and the general public. The group has historically offered open membership, and anyone interested in psychical research was welcome to join. However, failed recent attempts to contact with the organization suggest that the organization is dormant. The building that once served as its headquarters has been sold, and its materials are now in a difficult-to-access archive. It maintains a website and publishes the quarterly Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research.
Western League (Japanese baseball)
The Western League (ウエスタン・リーグ, Uesutanrīgu) is one of the two minor leagues (マイナーリーグベースボール, Mainārīgubēsubōru) of Japanese professional baseball. The league is owned and managed by the Pacific League of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB).

The league traces its roots to the Kansai Farm League, a formerly independent baseball league outside the realm of the NPB. It formerly included 7 teams, which quickly transformed into 6 due to the disbandment of once famous ballclub Sanyo Crowns. The first farm teams or second armies joined the league for the 1955 season.

A league champion is determined at the end of each season. The Hanshin Tigers have won 18 Western League titles, the most in the league's history, followed by the Chunichi Dragons (16) and the SoftBank Hawks (12).

Chunichi Dragons
The Chunichi Dragons (中日ドラゴンズ, Chūnichi Doragonzu) are a professional baseball team based in Nagoya, the chief city in the Chūbu region of Japan. The team plays in the Central League of Nippon Professional Baseball. They have won the Central League pennant nine times (most recently in 2011) and the Japan Series twice (in 1954 and 2007). They were also champions in the 2007 Asia Series.
Baima Township, Gansu
Baima Township (simplified Chinese: 白马乡; traditional Chinese: 白馬鄉; pinyin: Báimǎ Xiāng; lit. 'white horse') is a township of Huachi County in eastern Gansu province, China, located about 28 kilometres (17 mi) northwest of the county seat as the crow flies. As of 2020, it administers Baima Forestry Residential Neighborhood and the following six villages:

Baima Village

Lianji Village (连集村)

Wanggoumen Village (王沟门村)

Magaozhuang Village (马高庄村)

Dongzhang Village (东掌村)

Duzhaizi Village (杜寨子村)

Huachi County
Huachi County (simplified Chinese: 华池县; traditional Chinese: 華池縣; pinyin: Huáchí Xiàn) is a county in the east of Gansu province, China, bordering Shaanxi province to the north and northeast. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Qingyang. Its postal code is 745600, and its population in 2018 was 138,680 people. Huachi has a low population density and is one of the poorer counties of China, partly because of the dry climate.

Parts of the Qin Great Wall run through Huachi. Huachi was established as a county during the Western Wei dynasty. During the Five Dynasties period it was abolished, becoming part of neighbouring counties. In 1934 it was re-established. During the first encirclement campaign against the Shaanxi–Gansu Soviet it was home to the Nanliang communist base.

Huachi's important agricultural produce includes white melon seeds, daylily, wood ear mushroom and millets.
Idamay, West Virginia
Idamay is a census-designated place (CDP) in Marion County, West Virginia, United States. Idamay is located along West Virginia Route 218, 1 mile (1.6 km) south of Farmington. Idamay has a post office with ZIP code 26576. As of the 2020 census, its population was 542 (down from 611 at the 2010 census).

Farmington, West Virginia
Farmington is a town in Marion County, West Virginia, United States. The population was 389 at the 2020 census. The small town is situated on Buffalo Creek and the Allegheny Mountains about 6 miles west of Fairmont, Marion County's county seat. It is best known for being the site of the 1968 Farmington Mine disaster.
Adam Thorpe
Adam Thorpe (born 5 December 1956) is a British poet and novelist whose works also include short stories, translations, radio dramas and documentaries. He is a frequent contributor of reviews and articles to various newspapers, journals and magazines, including the Guardian, the Poetry Review and the Times Literary Supplement.

Walter Scott Prize
The Walter Scott Prize for Historical Fiction is a British literary award founded in 2010. At £25,000, it is one of the largest literary awards in the UK. The award was created by the Duke and Duchess of Buccleuch, whose ancestors were closely linked to Scottish author Sir Walter Scott, who is generally considered the originator of historical fiction with the novel Waverley in 1814.

Eligible books must have been first published in the UK, Ireland or Commonwealth in the preceding year. For the purpose of the award, historical fiction is defined as being that where the main events take place more than 60 years ago, i.e. outside of any mature personal experience of the author. The winner is announced each June at the Borders Book Festival in Melrose.
Moose Toys
Moose Toys, also known as Moose Enterprises or The Moose Group, is an Australian-owned toy design, development, and distribution company founded in 1985 by Brian Hamersfeld. The company is headquartered Cheltenham, Victoria, Australia, has over 600 staff and distributes to over 50 countries. They are best known for their collectible mini-figure toy lines, including Mighty Beanz, Trash Pack, and Shopkins.

Cheltenham, Victoria
Cheltenham is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 18 km south-east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the Cities of Bayside and Kingston local government areas. Cheltenham recorded a population of 23,992 at the 2021 census.

The eastern side of the area's metropolitan railway line and Charman Road north is located within the City of Kingston, while the suburb's western region towards extensive golf links, parks and Port Phillip Bay falls within the City of Bayside.
A significant feature in Cheltenham is Westfield Southland, a major shopping centre which opened in 1968.

Cheltenham is currently undergoing significant gentrification and urban development.
Microstegium vimineum
Microstegium vimineum, commonly known as Japanese stiltgrass, packing grass, or Nepalese browntop, is an annual grass that is common in a wide variety of habitats and is well adapted to low light levels. It has become an invasive species throughout parts of the world, most notably North America.

Leersia virginica
Leersia virginica, commonly known as whitegrass, white cutgrass, or Virginian cutgrass, is a perennial grass that is native to eastern North America, typically found in partially shaded low-lying wet areas. It has been observed in habitats such as along streambanks, in swamps, and in floodplain forests.

Its blooming period occurs from mid-summer to early fall. Whitegrass can be distinguished from rice cutgrass (Leersia oryzoides) by its smoother leaf sheaths, flowering heads with solitary lower branches in the flowering heads, smaller and more strongly overlapping spikelets, and short rhizomes with overlapping scales. Rice cutgrass, in contrast, has leaf sheaths round enough to cause painful scratches, flowering heads with two or more branches at the lowermost nodes, larger and barely overlapping spikelets, and more elongated rhizomes with the scales usually not overlapping.
Fort McMurray-Lac La Biche
Fort McMurray-Lac La Biche is a current provincial electoral district in Alberta, Canada. The district will be one of 87 districts mandated to return a single member (MLA) to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta using the first past the post method of voting. It was contested for the first time in the 2019 Alberta election.

Fort McMurray
Fort McMurray (/məkˈmʌri/ mək-MURR-ee) is an urban service area in the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo in Alberta, Canada. It is located in northeast Alberta, in the middle of the Athabasca oil sands, surrounded by boreal forest. It has played a significant role in the development of the national petroleum industry. The 2016 Fort McMurray wildfire led to the evacuation of its residents and caused widespread damage.

Formerly a city, Fort McMurray became an urban service area when it amalgamated with Improvement District No. 143 on April 1, 1995, to create the Municipality of Wood Buffalo (renamed the RM of Wood Buffalo on August 14, 1996). Despite its current official designation of urban service area, many locals, politicians and the media still refer to Fort McMurray as a city. Fort McMurray was known simply as McMurray between 1947 and 1962.
Awadh Bihari Choudhary
Awadh Bihari Choudhary, also known as Awadh Bihari Yadav is an Indian politician. He served as the Speaker of the Bihar Legislative Assembly, Government of Bihar. He has been elected five times from Siwan constituency as a member of Janata Dal as well as Rashtriya Janata Dal. He is one of the most senior politicians in Rashtriya Janata Dal, and has also earlier served as an Education Minister of Bihar in Rabri Devi government.

Rashtriya Janata Dal
The Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD, lit. 'National People's Party') is an Indian political party, mainly based in the state of Bihar. The party was founded in 1997 by Lalu Prasad Yadav.

The party's support base has traditionally been Other Backward Classes, Dalits and Muslims and it is considered a political champion of the lower castes. In 2008, RJD received the status of recognized national level party following its performance in north-eastern states. RJD was derecognised as a national party on 30 July 2010. Leading the Mahagathbandhan alliance with 35 MLAs, it is currently the official opposition in Bihar. RJD is part of Ruling Government in Jharkhand and Kerala with its allies in Mahagathbandhan (Jharkhand) and LDF respectively.
City of Johannesburg elections
The City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality council consists of 270 city councilors elected by mixed-member proportional representation. The councillors are divided into two kinds: (a) 135 Ward councillors who have been elected by first-past-the-post voting in 135 wards; and (b) 135 councillors elected from party lists (so that the total number of party representatives is proportional to the number of votes received).

Ward Councillors have more local responsibilities, including setting up Ward Committees in their wards to raise local issues, commenting on town planning and other local matters in their ward, and liaising with local ratepayers' and residents' associations. PR Councillors are usually allocated to more political tasks within their party structures and within the City.

City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality
The City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality (Zulu: UMasipala weDolobhakazi laseGoli) is a metropolitan municipality that manages the local governance of Johannesburg, the largest city in South Africa. It is divided into several branches and departments in order to expedite services for the city. Zulu is the most spoken home language at 23.4% followed by English at 20.1%.

Johannesburg is a divided municipality: the poor mostly live in the southern suburbs or on the peripheries of the far north, and the middle and upper class live largely in the suburbs of the center and north. As of 2012, unemployment was near 25% and most young people were out of work. Around 20% of the municipality lives in abject poverty in informal settlements that lack proper roads, electricity, or any other kind of direct municipal service.
Native Nations
Native Nations: A Millennium in North America is a nonfiction history book by American historian Kathleen DuVal published in 2024. The book surveys a millennium of Indigenous history across North America, and highlights the political power, diplomacy, and endurance that the indigenous North Americans exercised both among themselves and against later European explorers and settlers over the centuries.

The book has won the 2025 Pulitzer Prize for History, the 2025 Bancroft Prize, the 2025 Mark Lynton History Prize, and the 2024 Cundill History Prize.

Pulitzer Prize for History
The Pulitzer Prize for History, administered by Columbia University, is one of the seven American Pulitzer Prizes that are annually awarded for Letters, Drama, and Music. It has been presented since 1917 for a distinguished book about the history of the United States. Thus it is one of the original Pulitzers, for the program was inaugurated in 1917 with seven prizes, four of which were awarded that year. The Pulitzer Prize program has also recognized some historical work with its Biography prize, from 1917, and its General Nonfiction prize, from 1962.

Finalists have been announced since 1980, ordinarily two others beside the winner.
Epenow
Epenow (also spelled Epanow) was a Nauset man from Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts who was kidnapped by sailors from an English merchant ship and taken to England in the 17th century. Being put on public display in London, Epenow eventually returned to New England by tricking his captors into thinking that he knew the location of a gold mine. Once he was back in New England, Epenow led  Indian resistance to Pilgrim settlement of the region.

Nauset
The Nauset people, sometimes referred to as the Cape Cod Indians, were a Native American tribe who lived in Cape Cod, Massachusetts. They lived east of Bass River and lands occupied by their closely related neighbors, the Wampanoag.

Although the Nauset were a distinct tribe from the Wampanoag, they often deferred to the authority of the Wampanoag chief sachem, and shared with the Wampanoag many similar aspects of culture, agricultural practices, and a common tongue, the Massachusett language.

The tribe was one of the first to be visited by European explorers and colonists, who abducted some tribal members to sell into slavery in Spain and introduced diseases which reduced the Nauset population even before colonization of New England began on a large scale.