hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kiln
A kiln is a thermally insulated chamber, a type of oven, that produces temperatures sufficient to complete some process, such as hardening, drying, or chemical changes. Kilns have been used for millennia to turn objects made from clay into pottery, tiles and bricks. Various industries use rotary kilns for pyroprocessing (to calcinate ores, such as limestone to lime for cement) and to transform many other materials.

Hardwood
Hardwood is wood from angiosperm trees. These are usually found in broad-leaved temperate and tropical forests. In temperate and boreal latitudes they are mostly deciduous, but in tropics and subtropics mostly evergreen. Hardwood (which comes from angiosperm trees) contrasts with softwood (which is from gymnosperm trees).
Leveling mechanism
In cultural anthropology, a leveling mechanism is a practice in some cultures which acts to ensure social equality, usually by shaming or humbling members of a group that attempt to put themselves above other members.

ǃKung people
The ǃKung (/ˈkʊŋ/ KUUNG) are one of the San peoples who live mostly on the western edge of the Kalahari desert, Ovamboland (northern Namibia and southern Angola), and Botswana. The names ǃKung (ǃXun) and Ju are variant words for 'people', preferred by different ǃKung groups. This band level society used traditional methods of hunting and gathering for subsistence up until the 1970s. Today, the great majority of ǃKung people live in the villages of Bantu pastoralists and European ranchers.
Martin P4M Mercator
The Martin P4M Mercator was a maritime reconnaissance aircraft built by the Glenn L. Martin Company. The Mercator was an unsuccessful contender for a United States Navy requirement for a long-range maritime patrol bomber, with the Lockheed P2V Neptune chosen instead. It saw a limited life as a long-range electronic reconnaissance aircraft. Its most unusual feature was that it was powered by a combination of piston engines and turbojets, the latter being in the rear of the engine nacelles.

Pratt & Whitney R-4360 Wasp Major
The Pratt & Whitney R-4360 Wasp Major is an American 28-cylinder four-row radial piston aircraft engine designed and built during World War II. At 4,362.5 cu in (71.5 L), it is the largest-displacement aviation piston engine to be mass-produced in the United States, and at 4,300 hp (3,200 kW) the most powerful. The prototype first ran on 28 April 1941, with production-standard engines running in 1944. It was the last of the Pratt & Whitney Wasp family, and the culmination of its maker's piston engine technology.

The war was over before it could power airplanes into combat. It powered many of the last generation of large piston-engined aircraft before turbojets, but was supplanted by equivalent (and superior) powered turboprops (such as the Allison T56).

Its main rival was the twin-row, 18-cylinder, nearly 3,350 cu in (54.9 L) displacement, up to 3,700 hp (2,800 kW) Wright R-3350 Duplex-Cyclone, first run some seven years earlier (May 1937).
2017 Cambodian Second League
The Cambodian Second League organized by the Football Federation of Cambodia. There are seven teams in the competition, each team played on a home-and-away round-robin basis. The top four teams progressed to the play-off round, and the two teams in the finals promoted to 2018 Cambodian League. Two teams (Bati Academy and Ministry of National Defense Academy) among seven teams cannot go through to the 2018 Cambodian League, due to Bati Academy is the team founded by FFC and Ministry of National Defense FC Academy are the reserve team of Ministry of National Defense FC, who played in the top Cambodian League.

2018 Cambodian League
2018 Cambodian League is the 34th season of the Cambodian League. Contested by 12 clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with Cambodian Second League. The league starts from 3 March until 30 September.
Boeung Ket are the defending champions. Nagaworld FC won the champion again after waiting since 2009.
Nyagan
Nyagan (Russian: Нягань) is a town in the northwest of Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia, located near the Ob River and 230 kilometers (140 mi) northwest of Khanty-Mansiysk. It is named after the Nyagan-Yugan River, a tributary of the Ob River. Population: 63,034 (2021 census); 54,890 (2010 census); 52,610 (2002 census); 54,061 (1989 Soviet census).

Ob
The Ob (/ˈɒb/; Russian: Обь) is a major river in Russia. It is in western Siberia, and with its tributary the Irtysh forms the world's seventh-longest river system, at 5,410 kilometres (3,360 mi). The Ob forms at the confluence of the Biya and Katun which have their origins in the Altai Mountains. It is the westernmost of the three great Siberian rivers that flow into the Arctic Ocean (the other two being the Yenisei and the Lena). Its flow is north-westward, then northward.

The main city on its banks is Novosibirsk, the largest city in Siberia, and the third-largest city in Russia. It is where the Trans-Siberian Railway crosses the river.

The Gulf of Ob is the world's longest estuary.
Correlated color temperature
Correlated color temperature (CCT, Tcp) refers to the "temperature of a Planckian radiator whose perceived color most closely resembles that of a given stimulus at the same brightness and under specified viewing conditions". The SI unit is the Kelvin (K).

Color difference
In color science, color difference or color distance is the separation between two colors. This metric allows quantified examination of a notion that formerly could only be described with adjectives. Quantification of these properties is of great importance to those whose work is color-critical. Common definitions make use of the Euclidean distance in a device-independent color space.
Cabinets of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic
The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (ADR) is the first independent Republic, proclaimed on May 28, 1918 in the territory of the present Azerbaijan Republic. The republic collapsed on 28 April 1920, after the 11th Red Army entered Baku. On 28 May is celebrated as the Republic Day in Azerbaijan since 1990.

Khosrov bey Sultanov
Khosrov bey Alipasha bey oghlu Sultanov (Azerbaijani: خسرو بگ علی پاشا بگ اوغلی سلطانوف, Xosrov bəy Əlipaşa bəy oğlu Sultanov; 1879 – 1943), also spelled as Khosrow Sultanov, was an Azerbaijani statesman, General Governor of Karabakh and Minister of Defense of the Azerbaijani Democratic Republic. He was the primary architect responsible for the Shusha and Khaibalikend massacres.
Milwaukee Formation
The Milwaukee Formation is a fossil-bearing geological formation of Middle Devonian age in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin. It stands out for the exceptional diversity of its fossil biota. Included are many kinds of marine protists, invertebrates, and fishes, as well as early trees and giant fungi.

Once a prolific source of fossils, the Milwaukee Formation exposures are now mostly buried, inaccessible, on private property, or located in areas where collecting is prohibited. Most of these exposures are or were located along the Milwaukee River and Lake Michigan shore.

Blastoid
Blastoids (class Blastoidea) are an extinct type of stemmed echinoderm, often referred to as sea buds. They first appear, along with many other echinoderm classes, in the Ordovician period, and reached their greatest diversity in the Mississippian subperiod of the Carboniferous period. However, blastoids may have originated in the Cambrian. Blastoids persisted until their extinction at the end of Permian, about 250 million years ago. Although never as diverse as their contemporary relatives, the crinoids, blastoids are common fossils, especially in many Mississippian-age rocks.
You Wouldn't Steal a Car
"You Wouldn't Steal a Car" is the unofficial name of a series of public service announcement trailers created by Warner Bros. and marketed by the Motion Picture Association of America in 2004, as part of a greater anti-copyright infringement campaign known as "Piracy. It's a crime.". Its de facto title is derived from the first sentence within the trailer.

Public service announcement
A public service announcement (PSA) is a message in the public interest disseminated by the media without charge to raise public awareness and change behavior. Oftentimes these messages feature unsettling imagery, ideas or behaviors that are designed to startle or even scare the viewer into understanding the consequences of undergoing a particular harmful action or inaction. For example, a PSA may show imagery of drug users before and after their addiction, or realistic skits of domestic violence situations, as well as explaining the importance of avoiding such choices. In the UK, they are generally called a public information film (PIF); in Hong Kong, they are known as an announcement in the public interest (API).
John A. Tyree
John Augustine Tyree Jr (3 Oct 1911 – 8 Apr 2004), was a decorated submarine commander during World War II who reached the rank of Vice Admiral in the United States Navy.

He was born in born in Blackstone, Virginia.

He graduated from the Submarine School in 1943 and on 23 February 1943 he assumed command of USS Finback. He commanded Finback on its fourth through eighth war patrols and was awarded two Navy Crosses for his actions in command which he relinquished on 16 May 1944. He was then appointed as naval aide to President Franklin D. Roosevelt and continued to serve as aide to President Harry S. Truman attending the Yalta Conference with him.

Rear Admiral Tyree was placed in command of the combined Latin America-U.S. Task Force 137, the Naval quarantine of Cuba during the Cuban Missile Crisis.

Navy Cross
The Navy Cross is the United States naval services' second-highest military decoration awarded for sailors and marines who distinguish themselves for extraordinary heroism in combat with an armed enemy force. The medal is equivalent to the Distinguished Service Cross of the United States Army, the Air Force Cross of the United States Air Force and Space Force, and the Coast Guard Cross of the United States Coast Guard; collectively, these awards are known as the "service crosses".

The Navy Cross is bestowed by the secretary of the Navy and may also be awarded to members of the other armed services, and to foreign military personnel while serving with the U.S. naval services. The Navy Cross was established by Act of Congress (Public Law 65-253) and approved on February 4, 1919.
Ikwerre people
The Ikwerre, natively known as Iwhuruọhna,  is an ethnic group found in Rivers State, Nigeria. The group is spread across four Local Government Areas: Port Harcourt, Obio-Akpor, Ikwerre, and Emohua.

Traditional history has classified Ikwerre into seven groups called "Ikwerre Essa". They are Elele, Isiokpo,  Rumuji, Emohua, Choba, Aluu, Igwuruta and Obio group.  This division was first documented by Forde and Jones; (1950) in their ethnographic study of the native languages and peoples of South-Eastern Nigeria. It was also in line with this grouping those seven customary courts were established in Ikwerre during the Colonial administration. These courts were located at Elele, Isiokpo, Rumuji, Emohua, Choba, Aluu  and Obio in Ikwerreland.

Aluu Four lynching
The Aluu Four lynching was a necklace lynching that involved students of the Department of Geology in the University of Port Harcourt. Their names were Ugonna Obuzor, Lloyd Toku, Chiadika Biringa, and Tekena Elkanah. They were all lynched after being accused of theft in Aluu, a community in Ikwerre local government area, Rivers State, Nigeria, on 5 October 2012.
All India Muslim Personal Law Board (Jadeed)
All India Muslim Personal Law Board (Jadeed) (abbreviated as AIMPLB(J)) is a non-governmental organisation in India which represents the interests of Barelvi Sunni Muslims of India in the Muslim personal law called Sharia. It split from the All India Muslim Personal Law Board and was founded as a separate organisation in December 2004.

Muslim personal law
All the Muslims in India are governed by the Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act, 1937. This law deals with marriage, succession, inheritance and charities among Muslims. The Dissolution of Muslim Marriages Act, 1939 deals with the circumstances in which Muslim women can obtain divorce and rights of Muslim women who have been divorced by their husbands and to provide for related matters. These laws are not applicable in the states of Goa, where Goa civil code is applicable for all persons irrespective of religion and state of Uttarakhand. These laws are not applicable to Indians, including Muslims, who married under the Special Marriage Act, 1954.
2022 Marinduque local elections
Local elections were held in Marinduque on May 9, 2022, as part of the 2022 Philippine general election. Voters selected candidates for all local positions: a town mayor, vice mayor and town councilors, as well as members of the Sangguniang Panlalawigan, a vice-governor, a governor and a representative for the province's at-large congressional district in the House of Representatives.

The local office of the Commission on Elections (COMELEC) in the province confirmed that as of September 29, 2021, some 159,000 eligible voters throughout Marinduque were registered to vote for this election. While this number is lower than in previous provincial elections, the COMELEC expected the number of registered voters to increase with the extension of voter registration brought about by the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines.

2022 Philippine general election
The 2022 Philippine general election took place on May 9, 2022, for the executive and legislative branches of government at every level – national, provincial, and local – except for the barangay officials.

At the top of the ballot is the election for the successors to President Rodrigo Duterte and Vice President Leni Robredo. There were also elections for:

12 seats of the Senate

All 316 seats of the House of Representatives

All 81 governors and vice governors, and 782 seats of the provincial boards in all provinces

All 146 city mayors and vice mayors, and 1,650 seats of the city councils in all cities

All 1,488 municipal mayors and vice mayors, and 11,908 seats of the municipal councils in all municipalities

The first election of the Bangsamoro Parliament was scheduled to be held on the same date, but was rescheduled to 2025.

This is the first election in Davao de Oro under that name, as it was renamed from Compostela Valley in December 2019 after a successful plebiscite.
1974 Maine gubernatorial election
The 1974 Maine gubernatorial election took place on November 5, 1974. Incumbent Democratic Governor Kenneth M. Curtis was term-limited and could not seek re-election.  Independent candidate James B. Longley defeated Democratic Party challenger (and future Senate Majority Leader) George J. Mitchell and Republican James Erwin in a tight three-way contest.  Longley's victory made him the first independent (non-party-affiliated) governor in Maine's history.

Maine Senate
44°18′26″N 69°46′54″W﻿ / ﻿44.307138°N 69.781586°W﻿ / 44.307138; -69.781586

The Maine Senate is the upper house of the Maine Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Maine. The Senate currently consists of 35 members representing an equal number of districts across the state, though the Maine Constitution allows for "an odd number of Senators, not less than 31 nor more than 35". Unlike the lower House, the Senate does not set aside nonvoting seats for Native tribes.  Because it is a part-time position, members of the Maine Senate usually have outside employment as well.

The Senate meets at the Maine State House in Augusta. Members are limited to four consecutive terms with each term being two years but may run again after a two-year wait.
Roger de Damas
Roger de Damas (4 September 1765 – 18 September 1823) was a French Army officer and Royalist general who fought against the French Revolutionary forces in order to assist the Russian Empire and the Kingdom of Naples.

Charles-Joseph, 7th Prince of Ligne
Charles-Joseph Lamoral, 7th Prince de Ligne in French; in German Karl-Joseph Lamoral 7. Fürst von Ligne (also known as Karl Fürst von Ligne or Fürst de Ligne): (23 May 1735 – 13 December 1814) was a field marshal, inhaber of an infantry regiment, prolific writer, intellectual, member of the princely family of Ligne. He fought as a field officer during several famous battles during the Seven Years' War and briefly returned to military duty in the War of the Bavarian Succession. He performed an important diplomatic mission to Catherine the Great in 1787 and led troops against the Turks at Belgrade in 1789. Beginning in the 1770s, he authored an impressive volume of work. After his estates in the Austrian Netherlands were lost to France during the War of the First Coalition, he lived in Vienna. All three of his sons died before him, but his wife and four daughters all outlived him. His grandson, the 8th Prince, became a Belgian statesman.
Sarpsborg
Sarpsborg (pronounced [ˈsɑ̀ʂbɔr] or [ˈsɑ̀rpsbɔrɡ]), historically Borg, is a city and municipality in Østfold county, Norway.  The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Sarpsborg.

Sarpsborg is part of the fifth largest urban area in Norway when paired with neighbouring Fredrikstad. As of 1 January 2018, according to Statistics Norway these two municipalities have a total population of 136,127 with  55,840 in Sarpsborg and 81,278 in Fredrikstad.

Statistics for 2021, say that the city has a population where 19% of the children belong to families that have "low-income in the long-term"; that is the highest level for a city (in Norway); the national level is 11.3%.

Urban areas in Norway
Statistics Norway, the governmental organisation with the task of measuring the Norwegian population, uses the term Norwegian: tettsted, lit. 'dense place'; (meaning urban settlement or urban area), which is defined as a continuous built-up area with a maximum distance of 50 metres (160 ft) between residences unless a greater distance is caused by public areas, cemeteries or similar reasons.
James Buchal
James Buchal was chair of the Multnomah County, Oregon Republican Party. He won the Republican nomination for Oregon Attorney General in 2012 on a write-in campaign, but lost in the general election. He ran unsuccessfully for the United States Congress in 2014. He has spoken strongly in favor of U.S. president Donald Trump. He has served as a lawyer for the far right group Patriot Prayer and against gun control walkouts at Portland Public Schools, has spoken on national television against Multnomah County District Attorney Mike Schmidt, A statement Buchal made on a campaign website in 2014 has been rated "false" by PolitiFact.

He earned degrees from Harvard College (BA), Yale Law School (JD), and Yale School of Management (MBA).

Mike Schmidt (lawyer)
Michael Schmidt (born 1980/1981) is an American attorney and a progressive prosecutor. He served as the Multnomah County District Attorney from August 2020 to January 2025. Originally set to begin his term on January 1, 2021, Governor Kate Brown appointed him to the job early, in August 2020, to replace Rod Underhill, who retired in July. Schmidt was succeeded by Nathan Vasquez on January 1, 2025 at the end of his term after conceding loss in the primary election in May 2024.
Yamhill County, Oregon
Yamhill County is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2020 census, the population was 107,722. The county seat is McMinnville. Yamhill County was named after the Yamhelas, members of the Kalapuya Tribe.

Yamhill County is part of the Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is in the Willamette Valley.

Vancouver, Washington
Vancouver (/væn.ˈkuː.vər/ ⓘ van-KOO-vər) is a city in Clark County, Washington, United States, located on the north bank of the Columbia River. It had a population of 190,915 at the 2020 census, making it the fourth-most populous city in Washington. Founded in 1825 and incorporated in 1857, the city was originally established around Fort Vancouver, a fur trading outpost, and is situated directly north of Portland, Oregon, along the Washington–Oregon state line. Vancouver serves as the county seat of Clark County and is part of the Portland metropolitan area.
Tsyrendashi Dorzhiev
Tsyrendashi Rinchinovich Dorzhiev (Russian: Цырендаши Ринчинович Доржиев; 1912 – 3 January 1943) was a Soviet sniper during World War II credited with killing up to 297 Nazi soldiers as well as shooting down a Nazi plane. A skilled marksman prior to his military service, Dorzhiev volunteered for service with the Red Army and reached the rank of sergeant before being mortally wounded and dying of his wounds in early 1943.

Medal "For Courage" (Russia)
The Medal "For Courage" or Medal "For Valour" (Russian: Медаль «За отвагу») is a state decoration of the Russian Federation that was retained from the Soviet awards system following the dissolution of the USSR.
Grid (graphic design)
In graphic design, a grid is a structure (usually two-dimensional) made up of a series of intersecting straight (vertical, horizontal, and angular) or curved lines (grid lines) used to structure content. The grid serves as an armature or framework on which a designer can organize graphic elements (images, glyphs, paragraphs, etc.) in a rational, easy-to-absorb manner. A grid can be used to organize graphic elements in relation to a page, in relation to other graphic elements on the page, or relation to other parts of the same graphic element or shape.

The less-common printing term "reference grid," is an unrelated system with roots in the early days of printing.

Glyph
A glyph (/ɡlɪf/ GLIF) is any kind of purposeful mark. In typography, a glyph is "the specific shape, design, or representation of a character". It is a particular graphical representation, in a particular typeface (or computer font), of an element of written language. (That 'element' is called a grapheme –  the conceptual abstraction of some letter, number or symbol, which is independent of the glyph designed to represent it in a particular font.)
Daniel Hoeffel
Daniel Timothée Paul Hoeffel (French: [danjɛl timɔte pɔl ɔfɛl]; 23 January 1929 – 14 October 2025) was a French politician of the Centre of Social Democrats (CDS), the Union for French Democracy (UDF), and the Union for a Popular Movement (UMP).

Hoeffel was notably the son of politician Robert Hoeffel and grew up in an Alsatian Protestant family.

He served as Minister of Transport from 1980 to 1981 under third government of Prime Minister Raymond Barre. From 1995 to 2001, he represented France in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe. He represented Bas-Rhin in the Senate from 1977 to 1978, 1981 to 1993, and 1995 to 2004.

Hoeffel died in Strasbourg on 14 October 2025, at the age of 96.

Raymond Barre
Raymond Octave Joseph Barre (French: [ʁɛmɔ̃ baʁ]; 12 April 1924 – 25 August 2007) was a French politician and economist. He was a Vice President of the European Commission and Commissioner for Economic and Financial Affairs under three presidents (Rey, Malfatti and Mansholt). He later served as Prime Minister under Valéry Giscard d'Estaing from 1976 until 1981. As a candidate for the presidency in 1988, he came in third and was eliminated in the first round. He was born in Saint-Denis, on the French island of Réunion, and then still a colony (it became an overseas department in 1946).
Whampoa West (constituency)
Whampoa West (Chinese: 黃埔西) is one of the 25 constituencies of the Kowloon City District Council. The seat elects one member of the council every four years. The seat has currently been held by independent Kwong Po-yin. The boundary is loosely based on the Western area of Whampoa Garden.

Whampoa Garden
Whampoa Garden (Chinese: 黃埔花園; Jyutping: wong4 bou3 faa1 jyun4) is the largest private housing estate in Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong. It was built on the site of the former Whampoa Dockyards by Hutchison Whampoa Property. The urban design of the estate incorporates concepts inspired by the Garden city movement and was completed in 1991.