hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fukuyama Domain
Fukuyama Domain (福山藩, Fukuyama-han) was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, in what is now southeastern Hiroshima Prefecture. It controlled much of Bingo Province and a small portion of Bitchū Province. It was centered around Fukuyama Castle. It was ruled in its early history by a branch of the Mizuno clan, and later the Abe clan. Fukuyama Domain was dissolved in the abolition of the han system in 1871 and is now part of Hiroshima Prefecture. It was called Bingo-Fukuyama Domain (備後福山藩, Bingo-Fukuyama-han) in the early Meiji period to distinguish it from Matsumae Domain, which was also popularly called "Fukuyama Domain" at the time.

Abe clan
The Abe clan (安倍氏, Abe-shi) was one of the oldest of the major Japanese clans (uji); and the clan retained its prominence during the Sengoku period and the Edo period.  The clan's origin is said to be one of the original clans of the Yamato people; they truly gained prominence during the Heian period (794–1185), and experienced a resurgence in the 18th century. Although Abe is also a very common Japanese surname in modern times, not everyone with this name is descended from this clan.
Portland House, Cardiff
Portland House, Bute Street is a former bank building in Butetown, Cardiff, Wales. Completed in 1927, the building was designed for the National Provincial Bank by their in-house architectural team, F. C. R. Palmer and W. F. C. Holden. Cadw considers it "amongst the finest of its style in Wales". Portland House is a Grade II* listed building. After a period of near dereliction, it was converted to an events venue in the early 21st century.

John Newman (architectural historian)
John Arthur Newman FSA (14 December 1936 – 19 April 2023) was an English architectural historian. He was the author of several of the Pevsner Architectural Guides and was the advisory editor to the series.
Whale oil
Whale oil is oil obtained from the blubber of whales. Oil from the bowhead whale was sometimes known as train-oil, which comes from the Dutch word traan ("tear drop").

Sperm oil, a special kind of oil found in the head cavities of sperm whales, differs chemically from ordinary whale oil: it is composed mostly of liquid wax. Its properties and applications differ from those of detergentized whale oil, and it was sold for a higher price.

Hydrogenation
Hydrogenation is a chemical reaction between molecular hydrogen (H2) and another compound or element, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as nickel, palladium or platinum. The process is commonly employed to reduce or saturate organic compounds. Hydrogenation typically constitutes the addition of pairs of hydrogen atoms to a molecule, often an alkene. Catalysts are required for the reaction to be usable; non-catalytic hydrogenation takes place only at very high temperatures. Hydrogenation reduces double and triple bonds in hydrocarbons.
Houston E-Z Riders
The Houston E-Z Riders were a charter franchise of World Team Tennis (WTT) founded by husband and wife E.Z. and Betty Jones. The E-Z Riders played only one season before suspending operations just before the start of the 1975 season, and later folding. The E-Z Riders had 25 wins and 19 losses and finished second in the Gulf Plains Section in 1974. They lost to the Minnesota Buckskins in the Western Division Semifinals ending their season.

Cynthia Doerner
Cynthia Doerner (née Sieler) (born 11 February 1951) is an Australian former international tennis player. She competed in the Australian Open seven times, thrice as Cynthia Sieler (1968, 1970 and 1971) and four times as Cynthia Doerner, from 1973 to 1979.

Her career singles highlights include winning the Connaught Hard Court Championships in 1972, the New York Invitational in 1975, the Surrey Grass Court Championships in 1979.
L-759,656
L-759,656 is an analgesic drug that is a cannabinoid agonist. It is a highly selective agonist for the CB2 receptor, with selectivity of 414x for CB2 over CB1, although it is still not as selective as newer agents such as HU-308.

It produces some similar effects to other cannabinoid agonists such as analgesia, but with little or no sedative or psychoactive effects due to its weak CB1 activity, and a relatively strong antiinflammatory effect due to its strong activity at CB2.

Onternabez
Onternabez (also known as HU-308, HU308, PPP-003, and ARDS-003) is a synthetic cannabinoid that acts as a potent cannabinoid agonist. It is highly selective for the cannabinoid-2 receptor (CB2 receptor) subtype, with a selectivity more than 5,000 times greater for the CB2 receptor than the CB1 receptor. The synthesis and characterization of onternabez took place in the laboratory of Raphael Mechoulam at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem (the HU in HU-308) in the late 1990s. The pinene dimethoxy-DMH-CBD derivative onternabez was identified as a potent peripheral CB2-selective agonist in in vitro and animal studies in 1990 and 1999.
BIA 10-2474
BIA 10-2474 is an experimental fatty-acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor developed by the Portuguese pharmaceutical company Bial-Portela & Ca. SA. It interacts with the human endocannabinoid system. The drug was in development for the treatment of a range of different medical conditions from anxiety disorder to Parkinson's disease, also for the treatment of chronic pain of multiple sclerosis, cancer, hypertension, or the treatment of obesity. A clinical trial with this drug was underway in Rennes, France, in January 2016, in which serious adverse events occurred affecting five participants, including the death of one man. The underlying mechanism that caused the acute neurotoxicity of this molecule remains unknown.

Phases of clinical research
The phases of clinical research are the stages in which scientists conduct experiments with a health intervention to obtain sufficient evidence for a process considered effective as a medical treatment. For drug development, the clinical phases start with testing for drug safety in a few human subjects, then expand to many study participants (potentially tens of thousands) to determine if the treatment is effective. Clinical research is conducted on drug candidates, vaccine candidates, new medical devices, and new diagnostic assays.
Wests Warriors
The Wests Warriors are an amateur rugby league club based in Acton, London, England who compete in the Southern Conference League. They are coached by Kim Parkinson and play their home games at the Twyford Avenue Sports Ground, which is where the rugby union sides Wasps FC and Wasps Women play.

The Wests Warriors' home colours are black and green.

Wasps Women
Wasps Women are a women's rugby union based in Acton, London, England. They were founded in 1984 and play in the Premier 15s. They are the women's team of Wasps FC, who are affiliated to Premiership Rugby team Wasps. They play their home matches at Wasps FC's Twyford Avenue Sports Ground.
Cantando 2012
Cantando 2012 is the fourth season of Cantando por un Sueño and was premiered on El Trece, in May 2012. The list of contestants and dreamers was closed with a total of 18 pairs, two of them composed by two celebrities. At this moment, is the season with the most celebrities competing for the title, and the first season of Cantando por un Sueño that featured a couple composed by two women.

The show is presented by the Argentinian host José María Listorti, and this is the first time, he is presenting the show alone, after presenting Cantando 2011 with Denise Dumas.

The judges for this season are singer Valeria Lynch, music producer Óscar Mediavilla, journalist Marcelo Polino, and the famous Argentine duet, Pimpinela, composed by Joaquín and Lucía Galán.

Cantando por un Sueño (Argentine TV series)
Cantando por un Sueño (literally "Singing for a dream") is a former segment inside the Argentine television program Showmatch, and now an independent TV show broadcast on El Trece.

On the contest, a non-celebrity "dreamer" (man or woman) who in addition must be a professional singer, is accompanied by a celebrity for some weeks of a singing competition. The couples are awarded points by a panel of judges, who give scores from 1 to 10, and those with the fewer points have to face the public vote to continue in the program.

As of May 2012, the show is in its fourth season and the panel of judges continues to include icons of the Argentine musical industry: Valeria Lynch, Óscar Mediavilla and Patricia Sosa.
Journalist Marcelo Polino, who also serves as a judge in Bailando por un Sueño and Soñando por Bailar, is part of the panel of judges too.
2025 Pan American U17 Water Polo Championship – Men's tournament
The 2025 Pan American U17 Water Polo Championship – Men's tournament was the 7th edition of the Pan American under-17 men's water polo championship and a part of the 2025 Pan American Aquatics Championships, organized by the PanAm Aquatics. The event was held in Medellín, Colombia, from 19 to 25 May 2025.

Players born in 2008 or later were eligible to participate.

Pan American Aquatics U17 Water Polo Championships
The Pan American Aquatics U17 Water Polo Championships are international water polo tournaments for under-17 boys' and girls' national water polo teams from North and South America, organized by PanAm Aquatics (UANA or ASUA). They also serve as continental qualifiers for the U18 World Championships.
Second Siege of El Arish
The siege of El Arish was a military engagement between the French garrison of El Arish and the Ottoman army during the French invasion of Egypt and Syria. The Ottomans attacked and invested in the fort, massacring the French garrison.

Arish
Arish or El-Arish (Egyptian Arabic: العريش, romanized: al-ʿArīš, Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [elʕæˈɾiːʃ]) is the capital and largest city of the North Sinai Governorate of Egypt, as well as the largest city on the Sinai Peninsula, lying on the Mediterranean coast 344 kilometres (214 mi) northeast of Cairo and 45 kilometres (28 mi) west of the Egypt–Gaza border. Its estimated population was 204,391 in 2023.

In antiquity and the Early Middle Ages, the city was known as Rinokoroura (Ancient Greek: Ῥινοκόρουρα, Coptic: ϩⲣⲓⲛⲟⲕⲟⲣⲟⲩⲣⲁ). ʻArīsh is located at the mouth of Wadi al-Arish, a 250 kilometres (160 mi) long ephemeral watercourse. The Azzaraniq Protectorate is on the eastern side of ʻArīsh.
Ahô: The Forest People
Ahô: The Forest People (French: Ahô... au coeur du monde primitif) is a 1975 Canadian documentary film, directed by François Floquet and Daniel Bertolino. The film is a portrait of various indigenous peoples around the world who still live in traditional forest or jungle settings rather than westernized towns and cities, including indigenous groups from Cameroon, Brazil, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea.

The film won the Canadian Film Award for Best Feature Length Documentary at the 27th Canadian Film Awards in 1976.

Canadian Screen Award for Best Feature Length Documentary
The Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television presents an annual award for Best Feature Length Documentary. First presented in 1968 as part of the Canadian Film Awards, it became part of the Genie Awards in 1980 and the contemporary Canadian Screen Awards in 2013.

Under current Academy regulations, the awards for Best Feature Length Documentary and Best Short Documentary can be collapsed into a single award for Best Documentary if either category receives three or fewer eligible submissions, but remain separate if both categories surpass three submissions.
Carex vulpinaris
Carex vulpinaris is a tussock-forming species of perennial sedge in the family Cyperaceae. It is native to parts of South Asia and Central Asia including Afghanistan, Tajikistan and Pakistan westerns parts of the Himalaya.

It was described by the botanist Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck in 1834 as published in Contributions to the Botany of India.

Carex
Carex is a vast genus of over 2,000 species of grass-like plants in the family Cyperaceae, commonly known as sedges (or seg, in older books). Other members of the family Cyperaceae are also called sedges; however, those of genus Carex may be called true sedges. Carex is the most species-rich genus in the family. The study of Carex is known as caricology.
Tarlochan Singh
S. Tarlochan Singh (born 28 July 1933) is an Indian politician. He is a former member of the Parliament of India, representing Haryana. He served as Chairman National Commission for Minorities from 2003 to 2006 (Union Cabinet of India cabinet minister status), was member, National Human Rights Commission of India, Govt. of India, 2003 to 2006. He served as Vice Chairman, National Commission for Minorities from 2000 to 2003 (Union Cabinet of India, State Minister Rank).

He has done tremendous work for Sikhs around the world .  He made huge efforts for the rescue and settlement of sikhs from Afghanistan after the civil war there .  He published calendars and developed museums on Sikh history . He has traveled worldwide to educate people about the teachings and values of Sikhism . In 2008 he visited Maine in United States to give lectures on Sikhism to the students of Colby College .He was awarded India's third highest civilian award the Padma Bhushan in 2021.

Union Council of Ministers
The Union Council of Ministers is the principal executive organ of the Government of India, which serves to aid and advise the President of India in execution of their functions. It is chaired by the Prime Minister of India and consists of the heads of each of the executive government ministries. Currently, the council is headed by Narendra Modi and consists of 71 fellow members. The council is answerable to the Lok Sabha.

A smaller executive body called the Union Cabinet is the supreme decision-making body in India; it is a subset of the Union Council of Ministers who hold important portfolios and ministries of the government.
National Register of Historic Places listings in the upper NW Quadrant of Washington, D.C.
This is a list of properties and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places in the Northwest quadrant of Washington, D.C. that are both east of Rock Creek and north of M Street.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted August 22, 2025.

Northwest (Washington, D.C.)
Northwest (NW or N.W.) is the northwestern quadrant of Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States, and is located north of the National Mall and west of North Capitol Street. It is the largest of the four quadrants of the city (NW, NE, SW and SE), and it includes the central business district, the Federal Triangle, and the museums along the northern side of the National Mall, as well as many of the District's historic neighborhoods.

Politically, Northwest is made up of parts of Wards 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, with Wards 1 and 3 being the only wards located entirely within the quadrant. The Northwest is the wealthiest quadrant of the city, particularly west of 16th Street.
Freddie (dance)
The Freddie was a short-lived 1960s fad dance prompted by the release of the songs "I'm Telling You Now", and "Do the Freddie", both by the British band, Freddie and the Dreamers. "Do the Freddie" had been a number 18 hit in the United States in 1965, and American dance craze stalwart Chubby Checker had then made it to number 40 with the minor hit "Let's Do the Freddie" in that same year and number 15 in Canada Billboard said of Checker's version that there's a "new dance on the scene and Checker's got it! Exciting number done in his familiar style." Record World said that Checker "has a new terp idea that will also do big business."

To do the Freddie, the dancer simply stands in place; then, in rhythm with the music, extends the left leg and raises both arms, as if doing jumping jacks; then extends the right leg and raises both arms again. The moves are repeated until the song's conclusion.

Dance crazes
Novelty and fad dances are dances which are typically characterized by a short burst of popularity. Some of them, like the Twist, Y.M.C.A. and the Hokey Pokey, have shown much longer-lasting popularity. They are also called dance fads or dance crazes.
2002 Belgian Super Cup
The 2002 Belgian Supercup was a football match between the winners of the previous season's 2001–02 Belgian First Division and 2001–02 Belgian Cup competitions. The match was contested by cup winners Club Brugge and league champions Genk on 3 August 2002 at the ground of the league champions, in this case the Fenix stadium.

Club Brugge won its 10th Belgian Super Cup, following late goals by Ebrima Ebou Sillah and Olivier De Cock.

Cegeka Arena
The Cegeka Arena  is a multi-purpose stadium in Genk, Belgium. It is currently used mostly for association football matches and is the home ground of KRC Genk. The stadium holds 23,718 (of which 4,200 are standing places) and was built in 1999. Heusden-Zolder played at this stadium for their single season at the top level in 2003–04.  Following the relegation of the club, it moved to Mijnstadion in Beringen. The average home attendance varies from 20,000 to 22,000 supporters who visit the stadium every fortnight.
Baekseok station
Baekseok station (Korean: 백석; Hanja: 白石), also known as National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital station, is a subway station served by Seoul Subway Line 3 of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway system. The station is located in the Ilsan ward in Goyang, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. There are many stores and restaurants close to the station, including a Costco store.

Seoul Subway Line 3
Seoul Subway Line 3 (dubbed The Orange Line) of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway is a rapid transit service that connects Eunpyeong District to Gangnam and southeastern Seoul. Most trains head further northwest to serve Goyang via the Ilsan Line. In 2021, the Seoul Metro operated section had an annual ridership of 295,930,000 or 810,767 passengers per day.

In December 2010 the line is recorded as having the second highest Wi-Fi data consumption in the Seoul Metropolitan area. It averaged 1.8 times more than the other 14 subway lines fitted with Wi-Fi service zones.
Stiol Lake
Știol Lake (Lacul Știol) is a glacial lake situated in the Rodna Mountains, near the city of Borșa, Maramureș County, Romania at a height of 1,800 metres (5,900 feet), near the Gârgălău Peak (2,159 m). The lake is also called Lake Izvorul Bistriței Aurii, because from here springs the Bistrița River. The Știol Lake is in Maramureș County, at its eastern end.

Rodna Mountains
Rodna Mountains (Romanian: Munții Rodnei, Hungarian: Radnai-havasok) are a subdivision of the Inner Eastern Carpathians in northern Romania. The name comes from the nearby Rodna Veche village. At 2,303 metres (7,556 feet), Pietrosul Rodnei is the highest peak in all of the Eastern Carpathians.

The main ridge of the Rodna Mountains constitutes the natural border between Bistrița-Năsăud and Maramureș counties. From an administrative point of view, 80% of the massif's surface is in Bistrița-Năsăud and 20% in Maramureș.
Thomas Berly
Thomas Burleigh Kurishingal (1 September 1932 – 16 December 2024), better known as Thomas Berly, was an Indian actor, director, producer, script writer, music composer in Malayalam cinema, and author in English.

Fort Kochi
Fort Kochi (/ˈkoʊtʃi/ KOH-chee, Malayalam: [cò:çi kō:tā]; Cochin Portuguese: Cochim de Baixo, European Portuguese: [kuˈʃĩ ðɨ ˈβaʃu]), formerly also known as Fort Cochin, is a region of Kochi city in Kerala, India. Fort Kochi takes its name from the Fort Manuel of Kochi, the first European fort on Indian soil, controlled by the Portuguese East Indies. This is part of a handful of water-bound islands and islets toward the south-west of the mainland Kochi, and collectively known as Old Kochi or West Kochi. Adjacent to this is the locality of Mattancherry. In 1967, these three municipalities along with a few adjoining areas, were amalgamated to form the Kochi Municipal Corporation.

Fort Kochi is rich in heritage and culture, and is a prominent tourist destination for both domestic and international travellers- being ranked as ninth among the top 25 in National Geographic’s Top Tourist Destinations To Explore In 2020.
Isothermal–isobaric ensemble
The isothermal–isobaric ensemble (constant temperature and constant pressure ensemble) is a statistical mechanical ensemble that maintains constant temperature  and constant pressure  applied. It is also called the -ensemble, where the number of particles  is also kept as a constant.  This ensemble plays an important role in chemistry as chemical reactions are usually carried out under constant pressure condition. The NPT ensemble is also useful for measuring the equation of state of model systems whose virial expansion for pressure cannot be evaluated, or systems near first-order phase transitions.

In the ensemble, the probability of a microstate  is , where  is the partition function,  is the internal energy of the system in microstate , and  is the volume of the system in microstate .

The probability of a macrostate is , where  is the Gibbs free energy.

Ensemble (mathematical physics)
In physics, specifically statistical mechanics, an ensemble (also statistical ensemble) is an idealization consisting of a large number of virtual copies (sometimes infinitely many) of a system, considered all at once, each of which represents a possible state that the real system might be in. In other words, a statistical ensemble is a set of systems of particles used in statistical mechanics to describe a single
system. The concept of an ensemble was introduced by J. Willard Gibbs in 1902.

A thermodynamic ensemble is a specific variety of statistical ensemble that, among other properties, is in statistical equilibrium (defined below), and is used to derive the properties of thermodynamic systems from the laws of classical or quantum mechanics.
Martvili
Martvili (Georgian: მარტვილი) is a small town in Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti province of Western Georgia. Its monastery was Samegrelo's clerical centre in the Middle Ages. Under Soviet rule, from 1936 to 1990, it was named Gegechkori after Sasha Gegechkori, an Old Bolshevik.

Abasha (river)
The Abasha (Georgian: აბაშა, Mingrelian: აბაშა), also known as the Abashistskali (Georgian: აბაშისწყალი) or Abashatskari (Mingrelian: აბაშაწყარი) is a river in western Georgia, running for 66 kilometres (41 mi) in the municipalities of Martvili and Abasha, Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti region. Its catchment area is 370 square kilometres (140 sq mi).
Bill David
William I. F. David FRS is a British professor of Materials Chemistry in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Oxford, an STFC Senior Fellow at the ISIS neutron source at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory and a Fellow of St Catherine's College, Oxford.

ISIS Neutron and Muon Source
The ISIS Neutron and Muon Source is a pulsed neutron and muon source, established 1984 at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory of the Science and Technology Facilities Council, on the Harwell Science and Innovation Campus in Oxfordshire, United Kingdom. It uses the techniques of muon spectroscopy and neutron scattering to probe the structure and dynamics of condensed matter on a microscopic scale ranging from the subatomic to the macromolecular.

Hundreds of experiments are performed every year at the facility by researchers from around the world, in diverse science areas such as physics, chemistry, materials engineering, earth sciences, biology, and archaeology.