hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Frances Cairncross
Dame Frances Anne Cairncross, DBE, FRSE, FAcSS (born 30 August 1944 in Otley, England) is a British economist, journalist and academic. She is a senior fellow at the School of Public Policy, UCLA.

She formerly chaired the executive committee of the Institute for Fiscal Studies. From 2004 to 2014, she was the Rector of Exeter College, Oxford. Since 2015, she has been chair of the Court of Heriot-Watt University.

Loughborough University
Loughborough University (abbreviated as Lough or Lboro for post-nominals) is a public research university in the market town of Loughborough, Leicestershire, England. It has been a university since 1966, but it dates back to 1909, when Loughborough Technical Institute was founded. In March 2013, the university announced it had bought the former broadcast centre at the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park as a second campus. The annual income of the institution for 2024–25 was £386.2 million, of which £57.0 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of £379.5 million. In 2024, Loughborough ranked ninth nationally for undergraduate education.
Scotland at the 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games
Scotland competed at the 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games in Kingston, Jamaica, from 4 to 14 August 1966.

Scotland sent a team of 60 athletes and 11 officials with £13,000 raised against a £10,000 target. Weightlifter Phil Caira was the flag bearer and Bob McGregor was named the team captain.

Scotland came 13th overall with one gold, four silver and four bronze medals.

Badminton at the 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games
Badminton at the 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games was the inaugural appearance for badminton at the Commonwealth Games.

Badminton and shooting were added to the Games because two sports; lawn bowls and rowing were dropped due to lack of facilities.

The badminton events took place at the Convention Hall in the National Arena, in Kingston, Jamaica, from 4 to 9 August 1966.

England topped the badminton medal table by virtue of winning three gold medals.
Spined soldier bug
Podisus maculiventris, the spined soldier bug, is a medium-sized predatory shield bug common in North America. It has prominent spines on each "shoulder" and preys on a wide variety of arthropods, particularly the larval forms of Lepidoptera and Coleoptera. As a generalist predator of many agricultural pests, P. maculiventris is generally considered a beneficial insect in gardens and crop fields.

Mexican bean beetle
The Mexican bean beetle (Epilachna varivestis) is a species of lady beetle that can be an agricultural pest. It is one of the few North American lady beetles that feed on plants rather than other insects. It is found throughout Mexico and the eastern United States, and is abundant in the wetter and more heavily irrigated areas west of the Rocky Mountains. It does not tolerate extremely dry areas.
Kuria railway station
Kuria railway station is a railway station on Muzaffarpur–Gorakhpur main line under the Samastipur railway division of East Central Railway zone. This is situated at Kuria in East Champaran district of the Indian state of Bihar.

Samastipur railway division
Samastipur railway division is one of the five railway divisions under the East Central Railway zone of the Indian Railways. The division was established in 1969 and is headquartered at Samastipur, Bihar. The current Divisional Railway Manager (DRM) is Shri Jyoti Prakash Mishra.

Other divisions under the East Central Railway Zone include Danapur railway division, Mughalsarai railway division, Dhanbad railway division, and Sonpur railway division, all headquartered at Hajipur.
Graeme Knowles
Christianity portal

Graeme Paul Knowles CVO, OStJ (born 25 September 1951) is a retired Anglican bishop who is serving as Acting Bishop of St Edmundsbury and Ipswich. He served latterly as the Acting Dean of St Edmundsbury, having previously served as Bishop of Sodor and Man and as Dean of St Paul's.

Dean of St Edmundsbury
The Dean of St Edmundsbury is the head (primus inter pares – first among equals) and chair of the chapter of canons, the ruling body of St Edmundsbury Cathedral. The dean and chapter are based at the Cathedral Church of Saint James in Bury St Edmunds. Before 2000 the post was designated as a provost, which was then the equivalent of a dean at most English cathedrals. The cathedral is the mother church of the Diocese of St Edmundsbury and Ipswich and seat of the Bishop of St Edmundsbury and Ipswich. The current dean is Joe Hawes.
Bells on Sunday
Bells on Sunday is a short radio programme transmitted on BBC Radio 4. It currently airs at approximately 05:43 AM every Sunday, and is repeated at 12:45 AM the following Monday, and features bell ringers ringing the changes. The recordings come from a different church tower within the United Kingdom each week as well as from other parts of the world where full circle change ringing takes place.

New recordings can be submitted for inclusion in the programme by ringers. This is done by sending the recording to an official liaison, a volunteer bell ringer, who checks the quality of the recording, authors the accompanying draft presentation notes, submits the recordings to the BBC producers and generally liaises with the BBC.

For many years the liaison was Michael Orme of Congleton; however, since 2018 this role has been performed by his son Phillip Orme (of Cambridge Great St Mary's and also the Norman Tower Bury St. Edmunds).

Campanology
Campanology (/kæmpəˈnɒlədʒi/) is the scientific and musical study of bells. It encompasses the technology of bells—how they are founded, tuned and rung—as well as the history, methods, and traditions of bellringing as an art.

It is common to collect together a set of tuned bells and treat the whole as one musical instrument. Such collections—such as a Flemish carillon, a Russian zvon, or an English "ring of bells" used for change ringing—have their own practices and challenges; and campanology is likewise the study of perfecting such instruments and composing and performing music for them.

In this sense, however, the word campanology is most often used in reference to relatively large bells, often hung in a tower. It is not usually applied to assemblages of smaller bells, such as a glockenspiel, a collection of tubular bells, or an Indonesian gamelan.
2023 Nigerian Senate elections in Plateau State
The 2023 Nigerian Senate elections in Plateau State will be held on 25 February 2023, to elect the 3 federal Senators from Plateau State, one from each of the state's three senatorial districts. The elections will coincide with the 2023 presidential election, as well as other elections to the Senate and elections to the House of Representatives; with state elections being held two weeks later. Primaries were held between 4 April and 9 June 2022.

Plateau Central senatorial district
Plateau Central senatorial district  in Plateau State in Nigeria covers five local government areas which consists Bokkos, Mangu, Pankshin, Kanke and Kanam.  The headquarters (collation centre) of this senate district is Panskhin. Plateau Central is currently represented in the Senate by Diket Plang of the All Progressives Congress, APC.

Musician, producer, blogger and social media influencer Makut Alfred Mashat hails from Bokkos local Government in Plateau central senatorial district.
Microtus (Terricola)
Terricola is a subgenus of voles in the genus Microtus. The authority for this taxon is Fatio in 1867. Earlier use of the name by John Fleming has no formal taxonomic standing. Species in this subgenus are:

Bavarian pine vole (Microtus bavaricus)

Calabria pine vole (Microtus brachycercus)

Daghestan pine vole  (Microtus daghestanicus)

Mediterranean pine vole (Microtus duodecimcostatus)

Felten's vole (Microtus felteni)

Gerbe's vole (Microtus gerbei)

Liechtenstein's pine vole (Microtus liechtensteini)

Lusitanian pine vole (Microtus lusitanicus)

Major's pine vole (Microtus majori)

Alpine pine vole (Microtus multiplex)

Savi's pine vole (Microtus savii)

European pine vole (Microtus subterraneus)

Tatra pine vole (Microtus tatricus)

Thomas's pine vole (Microtus thomasi)

Savi's pine vole
Savi's pine vole (Microtus savii) is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae, widespread across the Italian peninsula with limited populations in southern France and southern Switzerland. This herbivorous mammal primarily inhabits agroecosystems, including rural areas, orchards, meadows, and agricultural fields, constructing complex burrow systems about 40–50 cm deep. Although its taxonomy remains debated, with proposed subspecies and recent genetic studies suggesting significant divergence between populations, it is recognized as a distinct species from the closely related Microtus brachycercus. Savi's pine vole is known for its ecological impact on agriculture, causing substantial damage to vegetable crops and fruit trees through root consumption and trunk debarking, while serving as a prey species for various predators including owls, kestrels, weasels, and foxes.
Geography of Vojvodina
Vojvodina is an autonomous region within Serbia located in the Pannonian plain, a region of central Europe. It shares borders with Romania in the east, Hungary in the north, Croatia in the west, and Bosnia and Herzegovina in the southwest. The southern border is administrative line to Šumadija and Western Serbia, Belgrade, and Southern and Eastern Serbia.

Pannonian Basin
The Pannonian Basin, with the term Carpathian Basin being sometimes preferred in Hungarian literature, is a large, mainly lowland area in southeastern Central Europe, briefly described as a sedimentary basin. Under the geopolitically changed conditions created by World War I and the ensuing Treaty of Trianon, the geomorphological term Pannonian Plain was also used for roughly the same region, referring to the lowlands in the area occupied by the Pannonian Sea during the Pliocene. However, Hungarian geographers consider the term "Pannonian Plain" not only unhistorical but also topographically highly erroneous. Regarding the name as such, they are arguing in terms of ancient history, namely that the northern and eastern boundary line of the namesake Roman province of Pannonia was formed by the River Danube, thus the Great Hungarian Plain was not  part of the original Pannonia province.
Fairport Chronicles
Fairport Chronicles is a 1976 compilation album of the British folk-rock band Fairport Convention, including songs from 1968 to the departure of the last original member in 1972. The double album is unique in that it was only released in the US, features original material and American covers over the traditional material usually associated with Fairport, and includes songs from side projects. All of the material was originally issued in the USA on A&M Records, which explains the exclusion of songs taken from their first, pre-Sandy Denny album, which was only later released in the United States.

Ashley Hutchings
Ashley Stephen Hutchings (born 26 January 1945), MBE, also known as "Tyger" Hutchings, is an English bassist, songwriter, arranger, band leader, writer and record producer. He was a founding member of three noteworthy English folk-rock bands: Fairport Convention, Steeleye Span and The Albion Band. Hutchings has overseen numerous other projects, including records and live theatre, and has collaborated on film and television projects.
Vetulonia
Vetulonia, formerly called Vetulonium (Etruscan: Vatluna), was an ancient town of Etruria, Italy, the site of which is probably occupied by the modern village of Vetulonia, which up to 1887 bore the name of Colonnata and Colonna di Buriano: the site is currently a frazione of the comune of Castiglione della Pescaia (province of Grosseto) with some 400 inhabitants.

It lies 300m above sea level, about ten miles directly northwest of Grosseto, on the northeast side of the hills which project from the flat Maremma and form the promontory of Castiglione.

Necropolis
A necropolis (pl.: necropolises, necropoles, necropoleis, necropoli) is a large, designed cemetery with elaborate tomb monuments. The name stems from the Ancient Greek νεκρόπολις nekropolis (lit. 'city of the dead').

The term usually implies a separate burial site at a distance from a city, as opposed to tombs within cities, which were common in various places and periods of history. They are different from grave fields, which did not have structures or markers above the ground. While the word is most commonly used for ancient sites, the name was revived in the early 19th century and applied to planned city cemeteries, such as the Glasgow Necropolis.
A. K. Aranganathan
A. K. Aranganathan is an Indian politician and was a member of the 14th Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from the Kilpennathur constituency. He represented the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam party.

He was defeated in the elections of 2016 by K. Pitchandi. A. K. Aranganathan   is only the first to have defeated  K. Pitchandi in 2011. The history was created by him, K. Pitchandi his only win in Kilpennathur constituency but A. K. Aranganathan broke his record.

14th Tamil Nadu Assembly
The Fourteenth Assembly of Tamil Nadu was constituted after the victory of All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) and allies, in the 2011 state assembly election. J. Jayalalithaa became the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu due to the election. She was sworn in as the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu for the third time.
Apterin
Apterin is a furanocoumarin and the glucoside of vaginol. It has been isolated from the root of plants in the family Apiaceae such as members of the genus Angelica, including the garden angelica and Zizia aptera.

Furanocoumarin
The furanocoumarins, or furocoumarins, are a class of organic chemical compounds produced by a variety of plants. Most of the plant species found to contain furanocoumarins belong to a handful of plant families. The families Apiaceae and Rutaceae (citrus family) include the largest numbers of plant species that contain furanocoumarins. The families Moraceae and Fabaceae include a few widely distributed plant species that contain furanocoumarins.

Generally, furanocoumarins are most abundant in plants that have flowered and in ripe seeds and fruits. (An exception is the common fig where furanocoumarins are found chiefly in the milky sap of the leaves and shoots but not the fruits.) During the early stages of plant growth, their presence is not easily detected.
Squantum Point Park
Squantum Point Park is a state-owned, public recreation area located on the Squantum peninsula of Quincy, Massachusetts, United States. The park was created on the site of the former Harvard Aviation Field and Squantum Naval Air Station, which is preserved in a 2,700-foot-long (820 m) strip of runway, and the former dockworks of the Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation. The park is managed by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation and is associated with the development of the Neponset River Reservation.

Department of Conservation and Recreation
The Department of Conservation and Recreation (DCR) is a state agency of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, United States, situated in the Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs. It is best known for its parks and parkways. The DCR's mission is "To protect, promote and enhance our common wealth of natural, cultural and recreational resources for the well-being of all."  The agency is the largest landowner in Massachusetts.
Giacomo Antonelli
Giacomo Antonelli (2 April 1806 – 6 November 1876) was an Italian Catholic prelate who served as Cardinal Secretary of State for the Holy See from 1848 until his death. He played a key role in Italian politics, resisting the unification of Italy and affecting Catholic interests in European affairs. He was often called the "Italian Richelieu" and the "Red Pope."

Cardinal Secretary of State
The Secretary of State of His Holiness (Latin: Secretarius Status Sanctitatis Suae; Italian: Segretario di Stato di Sua Santità), also known as the Cardinal Secretary of State or the Vatican Secretary of State, presides over the Secretariat of State of the Holy See, the oldest and most important dicastery of the Roman Curia. The Secretariat of State performs all the political and diplomatic functions of the Holy See and Vatican City. The secretary of state is sometimes described as the prime minister of the Holy See, but the head of government of Vatican City is the President of the Governorate of Vatican City State.

Cardinal Pietro Parolin has served as secretary of state since 2013, nominated by Francis and temporarily confirmed also by Leo XIV in May 2025.
WindowProc
In Win32 application programming, WindowProc (or window procedure), also known as WndProc is a user-defined callback function that processes messages sent to a window. This function is specified when an application registers its window class and can be named anything (not necessarily WindowProc).

Windows API
The Windows API, informally WinAPI, is the foundational application programming interface (API) that allows a computer program to access the features of the Microsoft Windows operating system in which the program is running. Programs typically access this API using system libraries, which are shared libraries.

Each major version of the Windows API has a distinct name that identifies a compatibility aspect of that version. For example, Win32 is the major version of Windows API that runs on 32-bit systems. The name, Windows API, collectively refers to all versions of this capability of Windows.

Microsoft provides developer support via a software development kit, Microsoft Windows SDK, which includes documentation and tools for building software based on the Windows API.
Grace Knapp
Grace H. Knapp (21 November 1870 – 14 March 1953) was an American Christian missionary and teacher who served in the Ottoman Empire. During her time as a missionary, Knapp was a witness to the Armenian genocide. During the Armenian genocide, Knapp was stationed in Van and eventually described the events in the region in two published books describing her experiences. The first book, The Mission at Van in Turkey in War Time, describes in detail the massacres of Armenians by Turkish soldiers during the Van Resistance. Her second book, The Tragedy of Bitlis, relates the narratives of two nurses who witnessed massacres of Armenians in Bitlis. Her recounts of Bitlis are one of the few written accounts of massacres in that area.

Raymond Kévorkian
Raymond Haroutiun Kévorkian (born February 22, 1953) is a French Armenian historian. He is a Foreign Member of Armenian National Academy of Sciences. Kevorkian has a PhD in history (1980), and is a professor.
Jonas in the Jungle
Jonas in the Jungle is a 2013 documentary film by Peter Sempel about the filmmaker Jonas Mekas. It is part of a long term series of films about Mekas (Jonas in the Desert (1991), Jonas at the Ocean (2004)). The earlier films were focused more on Mekas' work, while this film is more about the life of the 'legend of film avant-garde' as he enters his 90s, still working, and still maintaining relevance in the modern world.

The film also explores the Anthology Film Archives, of which Mekas' was one of the cofounders.

The film premiered Oct 3, 2013, in Hamburg, Germany.

Anthology Film Archives
40°43′29″N 73°59′24″W﻿ / ﻿40.724663°N 73.990132°W﻿ / 40.724663; -73.990132

Anthology Film Archives is an international center for the preservation, study, and exhibition of film and video, with a particular focus on independent, experimental, and avant-garde cinema. The film archive and theater is located at 32 Second Avenue on the southeast corner of East 2nd Street, in a New York City historic district in the East Village neighborhood of Manhattan.
Rubus pectinellus
Rubus pectinellus, commonly known as atibulnak, is a species of brambles in the rose family. It is native to Japan, southern China, Taiwan, and the Philippines. It usually grows in forests and valleys at elevations of 700 to 3,000 m (2,300 to 9,800 ft). Atibulnak fruits are edible, either raw or cooked, and have a pleasant subacid flavor. The leaves are also eaten as a vegetable in the Philippines.

Rubus
Rubus is a large and diverse genus of flowering plants in the rose family, Rosaceae, subfamily Rosoideae, most commonly known as brambles. Fruits of various species are known as raspberries, blackberries, dewberries, and bristleberries. It is a diverse genus, with the estimated number of Rubus species varying from 250 to over 1000, found across all continents except Antarctica.

Most of these plants have woody stems with prickles like roses; spines, bristles, and gland-tipped hairs are also common in the genus. The Rubus fruit, sometimes called a bramble fruit, is an aggregate of drupelets. The term cane fruit or cane berry applies to any Rubus species or hybrid which is commonly grown with supports such as wires or canes, including raspberries, blackberries, and hybrids such as loganberry, boysenberry, marionberry and tayberry. The stems of such plants are also referred to as canes.
Faraday rotator
A Faraday rotator is a polarization rotator based on the Faraday effect, a magneto-optic effect involving transmission of light through a material when a longitudinal static magnetic field is present. The state of polarization (such as the axis of linear polarization or the orientation of elliptical polarization) is rotated as the wave traverses the device, which is explained by a slight difference in the phase velocity between the left and right circular polarizations. Thus it is an example of circular birefringence, as is optical activity, but involves a material only having this property in the presence of a magnetic field.

Polarization rotator
A polarization rotator is an optical device that rotates the polarization axis of a linearly polarized light beam by an angle of choice. Such devices can be based on the Faraday effect, on birefringence, or on total internal reflection. Rotators of linearly polarized light have found widespread applications in modern optics since laser beams tend to be linearly polarized and it is often necessary to rotate the original polarization to its orthogonal alternative.
Neil Kennedy, Lord Kennedy
Neil John Downie Kennedy, Lord Kennedy (1854 – 12 February 1918) was a Scottish advocate, legal academic and judge. He was a Professor of Law at the University of Aberdeen, and served from 1912 to 1918 as the first chairman of the Scottish Land Court.

Croft (land)
A croft is a traditional Scottish term for a fenced or enclosed area of land. It is usually small and arable, and typically, though not always, includes a crofter's dwelling. A crofter is a person who has tenure and use of the land, typically as a tenant farmer in rural areas.

In Northern England, "crofter" was a term associated with tenant farming and rural employment. For example, in the textiles industry, it referred to someone who bleached cloth prior to dyeing by laying it out in fields known as "crofts".
Erina, New South Wales
Erina (/ɛrənə/) is a suburb located in the Central Coast region of New South Wales, Australia. Erina is the largest commercial hub of the Central Coast and is home to the largest single level shopping centre in the Southern Hemisphere that is called Erina Fair. It is part of the Central Coast Council local government area.

Erina is located approximately halfway between Gosford and the Pacific Ocean at Terrigal. There are many other major commercial businesses located throughout the suburb predominantly on the Central Coast Highway, Karalta Road and Barralong Road.

The suburb is home to the Erina Eagles rugby league team, who play in the Central Coast Premiership. The 2017 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships were held at the Erina Ice Arena, which is situated in Erina Fair.

Terrigal
Terrigal is a coastal town on the Central Coast of New South Wales, Australia, located 12 kilometres (7 mi) east of Gosford on the Pacific Ocean. It is part of the Central Coast Council local government area. At the 2021 census, the town had a population of 12,730.