hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alpha Phi Sigma
Alpha Phi Sigma (ΑΦΣ) (Phi is pronounced "fi") is a North American Criminal Justice Honor Society. The society was established at Washington State University in 1942. It is a member of the Association of College Honor Societies.

Criminal justice
Criminal justice is the delivery of justice when a crime is committed. The criminal justice system is a series of government agencies and institutions. Goals include retribution, reformation and rehabilitation of offenders, preventing other crimes, and support for victims. The primary institutions of the criminal justice system are the police, prosecution and defense lawyers, the courts and the prison system.
Diminished responsibility in English law
In English law, diminished responsibility is one of the partial defenses that reduce the offense from murder to manslaughter if successful (termed "voluntary" manslaughter for these purposes). This allows the judge sentencing discretion, e.g. to impose a hospital order under section 37 of the Mental Health Act 1983 to ensure treatment rather than punishment in appropriate cases. Thus, when the actus reus (Latin for "guilty act") of death is accompanied by an objective or constructive version of mens rea (Latin for "guilty mind"), the subjective evidence that the defendant did intend to kill or cause grievous bodily harm because of a mental incapacity will partially excuse his conduct. Under s.2(2) of the Homicide Act 1957 the burden of proof is on the defendant to the balance of probabilities. The M'Naghten Rules lack a volitional limb of "irresistible impulse"; diminished responsibility is the volitional mental condition defense in English criminal law.

Actus reus
In criminal law, actus reus (/ˈæktəs ˈreɪəs/ ⓘ; pl.: actus rei), Latin for "guilty act", is one of the elements normally required to prove commission of a crime in common law jurisdictions, the other being Latin: mens rea ("guilty mind"). In the United States, it is sometimes called the external element or the objective element of a crime.
Law enforcement in North Korea
The Ministry of Social Security and the Ministry of State Security are responsible for internal security in North Korea. Although both are government organs, they are tightly controlled by the party apparatus through the Justice and Security Commission and the penetration of their structures by the party apparatus at all levels. The formal public security structure is augmented by a pervasive system of informers throughout the society. Surveillance of citizens, both physical and electronic, is also routine.

Ministry of Social Security (North Korea)
The Ministry of Social Security (previously known as the Ministry of People's Security from 2000 to 2020) is the interior ministry and principal law enforcement agency within North Korea. The ministry serves as the official public and internal security force, responsible for maintaining public order and protecting key facilities including railways and other forms of transport. It also maintains a large paramilitary internal force, known as the Social Security Forces.

Unlike most ministries in North Korea, which operate under the Cabinet, the Ministry of Social Security is directly supervised by the State Affairs Commission, though in the past it has been subordinate to other national bodies. The current minister is Ri Yong-gil. According to Fyodor Tertitskiy, columnist at NK News, prospective officers are chosen by recommendation by a local Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) Committee, although some are chosen because of their songbun status.
Rotla
Rotla is a 40-kilometre (25 mi) long river in Trøndelag county, Norway.  The river begins at Roltdalstjønna in Meråker Municipality, just north of the mountain Fongen. It then runs through west through the Skarvan and Roltdalen National Park. The river ends when it flows into the Nea River near Stokkan in Selbu Municipality. The Nea River then flows west for 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) until reaching the lake Selbusjøen at the village of Mebonden. The river Rotla is part of the Nea-Nidelvvassdraget watershed.

Mebonden
Mebonden is the administrative centre of Selbu Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located at the eastern end of the lake Selbusjøen at the mouth of the Nea River. The villages of Vikvarvet, Hyttbakken, Innbygda, and Trøa surround the urban village of Mebonden. The 12th century Selbu Church is located in Mebonden.

The 1.4-square-kilometre (350-acre) village has a population (2024) of 1,112 and a population density of 794 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,060/sq mi).
2016 Gran Piemonte
The 100th edition of the Gran Piemonte one-day cycling classic race, also known as the Giro del Piemonte, was held on 20 September 2016, one day after Milano–Torino and two days before Il Lombardia, as part of the Trittico di Autunno. It covered a distance of 209 kilometres (130 mi), starting in Diano d'Alba and ending in Agliè. Italian Giacomo Nizzolo won the race in a bunch sprint before Fernando Gaviria and Daniele Bennati.

Giro del Piemonte
The Giro del Piemonte, since 2009 known also as Gran Piemonte, is a semi classic European bicycle race held in the Piedmont region, Italy. The race first took place in 1906. From 2005–2019, the race was organised as a 1.HC event on the UCI Europe Tour, but with the restructuring of the UCI divisions in 2020, the race has since been held as a 1.Pro event in the UCI ProSeries. It is usually held a few days before the more important race Giro di Lombardia.

In 2007, the race was not ridden because of sponsorship problems, but in 2008 it was back again.

The 2013 edition was again cancelled due to financial problems.
Gmina Latowicz
Gmina Latowicz is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Mińsk County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Latowicz, which lies approximately 25 kilometres (16 mi) south-east of Mińsk Mazowiecki and 60 km (37 mi) east of Warsaw.

The gmina covers an area of 114.15 square kilometres (44.1 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 5,559 (5,478 in 2013).

Mińsk County
Mińsk County (Polish: powiat miński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Masovian Voivodeship, east-central Poland. It was (re)created on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Mińsk Mazowiecki, which lies 39 kilometres (24 mi) east of Warsaw. The county contains three other towns: Sulejówek, 21 km (13 mi) west of Mińsk Mazowiecki, Halinów, 16 km (10 mi) west of Mińsk Mazowiecki, and Kałuszyn, 17 km (11 mi) east of Mińsk Mazowiecki.

The county covers an area of 1,164.35 square kilometres (449.6 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 150,480, out of which the population of Mińsk Mazowiecki is 40,836, that of Sulejówek is 19,766, that of Halinów is 3,739, that of Kałuszyn is 2,899, and the rural population is 82,638.
Eric & Ernie: The Autobiography of Morecambe & Wise
Eric & Ernie: The Autobiography Of Morecambe & Wise is a 1973 book by British comedians Eric Morecambe and Ernie Wise.

It is generally considered to be the first volume of their autobiography. It had input from both with help from other writers, whilst certain parts of the book took the form of interview segments. It was released in paperback in 1973 and in updated form in 1974. It was followed by Morecambe & Wise: There's No Answer To That! in 1981 which picked up where this volume ended, charting their move to Thames Television and events after their departure from the BBC in 1978.

Eric Morecambe
John Eric Bartholomew (14 May 1926 – 28 May 1984), known by his stage name Eric Morecambe, was an English comedian who together with Ernie Wise formed the double act Morecambe and Wise. The partnership lasted from 1941 until Morecambe's death in 1984. Morecambe took his stage name from his home town, the seaside resort of Morecambe in Lancashire.

He was the co-star of the BBC1's television series The Morecambe & Wise Show, which for the 1977 Christmas episode gained UK viewing figures of over 28 million people. One of the most prominent comedians in British popular culture, in 2002 he was named one of the 100 Greatest Britons in a BBC poll.
St. Patrick's High School, Karachi
St Patrick's High School is a Catholic primary and secondary school located in Saddar Town, Sindh, Karachi, Pakistan. Founded by the Jesuits in 1861, the school is the second-oldest school in Karachi. Since 1950, it has been run by the diocesan clergy of the Archdiocese of Karachi.

For the last 150 years, the school has produced well-known leaders and public figures, including two Presidents and two Prime Ministers of Pakistan, two Chief Ministers of Sindh, one Deputy Prime Minister (of India), two Cardinals of the Catholic Church, one Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (of Pakistan), and several Mayors of Karachi.

The school is run in collaboration with University of Karachi, Roman Catholic Church and managed by the Catholic Board of Education in Pakistan.

Saddar Town
Saddar Town  (صدر ٹاؤن) lies in the Karachi District South that forms much of the historic colonial core of Karachi, in the Sindh province of Pakistan. According to the 2023 Pakistani census, Saddar Subdivision has a population 159,363.
Marilou Richer
Marilou Richer is a Canadian casting director. She is most noted for her work on the films Red Rooms (Les Chambres rouges), for which she was a Prix Iris nominee for Best Casting at the 25th Quebec Cinema Awards in 2023, and Universal Language, for which she won the Canadian Screen Award for Best Casting in a Film at the 13th Canadian Screen Awards in 2025.

Her other credits have included the films Mothers and Monsters, Heat Spell (L'Été des chaleurs), Himalia and Black Dog.

She is married to actor Rémi-Pierre Paquin.

Canadian Screen Award for Best Casting in a Film
The Canadian Screen Award for Best Casting in a Film is an annual award, presented as part of the Canadian Screen Awards program to honour the year's best casting in Canadian theatrical films. It is presented separately from the Canadian Screen Award for Best Casting in a Television Series.

The award was presented for the first time at the 9th Canadian Screen Awards in 2021.
Chengqu, Yangquan
Chengqu (simplified Chinese: 城区; traditional Chinese: 城區; pinyin: Chéngqū; lit. 'urban district'), or Cheng District is a district of the city of Yangquan, Shanxi province, China. As of 2020, it had a population of 225,000 living in an area of 19.28 km2 (7.44 sq mi).

Yangquan
Yangquan (simplified Chinese: 阳泉; traditional Chinese: 陽泉; pinyin: Yángquán [jǎŋtɕʰyǎn]) is a prefecture-level city in the east of Shanxi province, People's Republic of China, bordering Hebei province to the east. Known as "Rippling Spring" in ancient times, it lies on the eastern edge of the Loess Plateau and the western side of the Taihang Mountains. Yangquan occupies a total area of 4,452 square kilometres (1,719 sq mi). According to the 2020 census, Yangquan had a population of 1,318,505, of which 1,037,456 lived in the built-up (or metro) area consists of 3 urban districts plus Pingding County. Yangquan is a new industrial city in Shanxi province. It belongs to the warm temperate semi-humid continental monsoon climate zone. Yangquan City covers two counties and three districts.
Sivakasi Assembly constituency
Sivakasi is an assembly constituency located in Virudhunagar district in Tamil Nadu. It falls under Virudhunagar Lok Sabha constituency. The constituency has been in existence since the 1957 election. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India.

Virudhunagar district
Virudhunagar district is a district (an administrative district) of Tamil Nadu state in south India. Virudhunagar is the district headquarters of Virudhunagar district. Virudhunagar district was formed by the separation of Old Ramanathapuram District G.O passed on 08,March 1985 & formed in 15,March 1985 into Ramanathapuram District, Sivagangai District and the west part as Virudhunagar District. Virudhunagar District was formerly called Karmavirer Kamarajar District. As of 2011, Virudhunagar district had a population of 1,942,288 with a sex-ratio of 1,007 females for every 1,000 males. Sivakasi is the most populous and largest city in the district.
Age disparity in sexual relationships
In sexual relationships, concepts of age disparity, including what defines an age disparity, have developed over time and vary among societies. Differences in age preferences for mates can stem from partner availability, gender roles, and evolutionary mating strategies, and age preferences in sexual partners may vary cross-culturally. There are also social theories for age differences in relationships as well as suggested reasons for "alternative" age-hypogamous relationships (see more at Hypergamy). Age-disparate relationships have been documented for most of recorded history and have been regarded with a wide range of attitudes dependent on sociocultural norms and legal systems.

Rational choice model
Rational choice modeling refers to the use of decision theory (the theory of rational choice) as a set of guidelines to help understand economic and social behavior. The theory tries to approximate, predict, or mathematically model human behavior by analyzing the behavior of a rational actor facing the same costs and benefits.

Rational choice models are most closely associated with economics, where mathematical analysis of behavior is standard. However, they are widely used throughout the social sciences, and are commonly applied to cognitive science, criminology, political science, and sociology.
Grass Lake National Wildlife Refuge
Grass Lake National Wildlife Refuge (formerly Halfbreed Lake National Wildlife Refuge) is in the central section of the U.S. state of Montana and is an integral part of the Charles M. Russell National Wildlife Refuge Complex, managed from the Charles M. Russell National Wildlife Refuge. This refuge provides nesting habitat for migratory bird species.

Charles M. Russell National Wildlife Refuge
The Charles M. Russell National Wildlife Refuge (abbreviated as the CMR NWR) is a National Wildlife Refuge in the U.S. state of Montana on the Missouri River. The refuge surrounds Fort Peck Reservoir and is 915,814 acres (3,706.17 km2) in size. It is the second-largest National Wildlife Refuge in the lower 48 states of the United States, and the largest in Montana. Created in 1936, it was originally called the Fort Peck Game Range. It was renamed in 1963 after Montana artist Charles M. Russell, a famous painter of the American West.  In 1976, the "range" was made a "refuge" (which legally changed the way the area was managed).
Bebe (Era Istrefi song)
"Bebe" (stylized in all caps) is a song by Kosovar singer and songwriter Era Istrefi released as a single for digital download and streaming on 1 April 2022 by Bzzz and Leaf. The song was written by BimBimma and Istrefi, and produced by the latter together with Claydee. An Albanian-language EDM, electro dance, pop, R&B and urban song, it lyrically explores the themes of sexual desire, fantasies and physical attraction.

"Bebe" received acclaim from music critics upon release, several of whom praised the production, music video as well as Istrefi's appearance and vocal delivery. Commercially, the song reached number ten in Albania and the top 40 in Switzerland. An accompanying music video was uploaded to Istrefi's YouTube channel on 31 March 2022. The old school-described video was filmed in Switzerland and portrays Istrefi in different styles and settings.

Top Channel
Top Channel (often abbreviated as TCH) is a national commercial television network based in Tirana, Albania, founded by Dritan Hoxha in 2001. It is part of the Top Media Group, one of the largest media conglomerates in Albania, which includes Top Albania Radio, Top Gold Radio, My Music Radio, daily newspaper Shqip, daily magazine Shqip Magazine, coffee producer Lori Caffe, Digitalb, Top News, VGA Studio, musicAL, Dritan Hoxha Media Foundation Imperial Cinemas and Top Channel Films.
Oecomys auyantepui
Oecomys auyantepui, also known as the Guianan oecomys and north Amazonian arboreal rice rat, is a species of rodent in the genus Oecomys from South America. It is found in Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and nearby regions of Venezuela and Brazil. It is an arboreal rodent known from the understory of primary rainforest, found at altitudes from sea level to 1100 m.

The nematode Guerrerostrongylus marginalis is an intestinal parasite of O. auyantepui.

Oecomys
Oecomys is a genus of rodent within the tribe Oryzomyini of family Cricetidae. It contains about 17 species, which live in trees and are distributed across forested parts of South America, extending into Panama and Trinidad.
Compagnie des Bauxites de Guinée
Compagnie des bauxites de Guinée (CBG) is a Guinean mining company. Since 1963 it has extracted bauxite from the notable mine in Sangarédi, in Boké Region in Guinea. It is 49% owned by the Guinean State, with the remainder owned by the Boké Investment Company, a 100%-owned subsidiary of Halco Mining, a consortium opened in 1962 by Harvey Aluminum Company to run mining operations in Guinea. Halco's stock is owned by Alcoa (45%), Rio Tinto Alcan (45%) and Dadco Investments (10%).

Guinea is the world's 5th largest producer of bauxite, yet the country holds the world's largest reserves of the valuable ore used to produce aluminum. Estimates of the country's reserves rise as high as 25 billion tons, or the majority of the world's bauxite.

Îles de Los
The Îles de Los ([il də lo]) are an island group lying off Conakry, Guinea, on the west coast of Africa. Their name is derived from the Portuguese Ilhas dos Ídolos, meaning "islands of the idols". They are located about two kilometres (one nautical mile) off the headland limiting the southern side of Sangareya Bay.

The islands are best known for their beaches and forested interiors and are popular with tourists. Ferries sail to the Los from Conakry.
Kushkabad, Razavi Khorasan
Kushkabad (Persian: كوشك اباد, also Romanized as Kūshkābād; also known as Gūshkābād) is a village in Kardeh Rural District, in the Central District of Mashhad County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 331, in 90 families.

Kardeh Rural District
Kardeh Rural District (Persian: دهستان كارده) is in the Central District of Mashhad County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Kardeh. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Mareshk.
2020 Virginia Beach City Council election
The 2020 elections for members of the Virginia Beach City Council were held on November 3, 2020. Five seats on the council, including the Mayor of Virginia Beach in the 2020 Virginia Beach mayoral election, were up for election in this cycle. While officially nonpartisan, most of the candidates were affiliated with and endorsed by various political parties.

Virginia's 85th House of Delegates district
Virginia's 85th House of Delegates district elects one of 100 seats in the Virginia House of Delegates, the lower house of the state's bicameral legislature. District 85 represents part of Virginia Beach, including the neighborhoods of Larkspur, Aragona, Mt. Trashmore, Fairfield and Arrowhead. The seat is currently held by Marcia Price.
Oregon State University College of Engineering
Oregon State University's College of Engineering is the engineering college of Oregon State University, a public research university in Corvallis, Oregon. By enrollment, the college is now the largest at the university and the seventh-largest engineering college in the nation (2023).

CH2M
CH2M, earlier CH2M HILL, Inc., was an American engineering company that provided consulting, design, construction, and operations services for corporations and governments. The company was organized in Corvallis, Oregon, and headquartered at 9191 South Jamaica Street, Englewood, Colorado. In December 2017, the company was acquired by Jacobs Engineering Group.

The company played a major role in the Panama Canal expansion project. The company developed, maintained and published its own method for managing projects for clients, called the CH2M HILL Project Delivery System. The firm was named from the initials of its four founders.
1947 Clemson Tigers baseball team
The 1947 Clemson Tigers baseball team represented Clemson University in the 1947 NCAA baseball season. The team played their home games at Riggs Field in Clemson, South Carolina.

The team was coached by Randy Hinson, who completed his fourth season at Clemson.  The Tigers were invited to the first NCAA baseball tournament, where they fell to Yale in the first game in the history of the event.

Joe Landrum was named to the first college baseball All-America Team.

Joe Landrum
Joseph Butler Landrum (December 13, 1928 – August 19, 2018) was an American professional baseball player who played as a pitcher in Major League Baseball. A native of Columbia, South Carolina, he pitched in 16 games during the 1950 and 1952 seasons for the Brooklyn Dodgers.
Cult (2026 film)
Cult is a 2026 Indian Kannada-language action drama film written and directed by Anil Kumar, and produced by Loki Cinemas in association with KVN Productions. It features Zaid Khan, Rachita Ram and Malaika Vasupal in the lead roles. Cinematography is by Jagadish Wali, editing by K. M. Prakash, and music composed by Arjun Janya.

The film was officially announced in April 2024 and the pre-production phase and casting began thereafter. It was released on 23 January 2026.

Hudugaata
Hudugaata (pronunciationⓘ transl. Childish) is a 2007 Indian Kannada-language film. It features Ganesh and Rekha Vedavyas in the lead roles. It is based on the 1934 American film It Happened One Night.
Islam in Qatar
Qatar is a Muslim-majority country with Islam as the state religion. The Salafi movement, in its Hanbali version of Islam, is dominant in Qatar, making it one of the two Hanbali majority states in the Muslim world, along with Saudi Arabia. However, there is a large Shafi'i population, with the country's most renowned Islamic scholar Ali al-Qaradaghi belonging to the Shafi'i school. Most South Asian Muslims in Qatar practice the Hanafi school of Sunni Islam.

The local population is mainly Muslim, but the massive population of migrant workers, far outnumbering the locals, comes from a variety of backgrounds. In 2010, 67.8% of the population was Muslim, 13.8% Christian, 13.8% Hindu and 3.1% Buddhist.  At the end of 2013, there were a total of 1,848 mosques operating in the country. By 2024, the number was over 2,000.

Ministry of Awqaf and Islamic Affairs (Qatar)
The Qatari Ministry of Awqaf and Islamic Affairs (AWQAFM) is a Qatari government agency also known as the Ministry of Endowments and Islamic Affairs and the Qatar Awqaf Authority. It was created in April 1993 with the stated aim of "ensuring that all areas of modern life comply with the principles of Islam."

The current Minister is Ghanem bin Shaheen bin Ghanem Al Ghanim.