hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
National Exit Test
National Exit Test (abbreviated as NExT) is a proposed examination for all MBBS students in India that is required to pass the final year and obtain a license to practice medicine. Admissions to postgraduate courses will be based on the merit of a candidate in NExT. Introduced by the National Medical Commission Act, 2019, National Commission for Indian System of Medicine Act, 2020 and National Commission for Homoeopathy Act, 2020. NExT will also serve the purpose of Screening Test for Foreign Medical Graduates who are now required to qualify Foreign Medical Graduate Examination (FMGE) and will for admission into postgraduate medical courses. In January 2020, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare also introduced the draft National Dental Commission Act, 2023 that also called for National Exit Test after BDS for dentists in India.

National Medical Commission
The National Medical Commission (NMC) is a statutory body in India that regulates medical education, medical professionals, institutes, and research. Established on 25 September 2020, it replaced the Medical Council of India. The Commission grants recognition of medical qualifications, gives accreditation to medical schools, grants registration to medical practitioners, and monitors medical practice and assesses the medical infrastructure in India.

It was earlier established for 6 months by an ordinance in January 2019 and later became a permanent law passed by Parliament of India and later approved by President of India on 08-August-2019.
2022 Sioux Falls mayoral election
The 2022 Sioux Falls mayoral election took place on April 12, 2022. Incumbent Mayor Paul TenHaken, first elected in 2018, ran for re-election to a second term. He faced two challengers: immigration attorney Taneeza Islam, who was one of the first Muslim candidates in the state history, and local activist David Zokaites. TenHaken defeated both in a landslide, winning 73 percent of the vote to Islam's 25 percent and Zokaites's 2 percent.

2018 Sioux Falls mayoral election
The 2018 Sioux Falls mayoral election took place on May 1, 2018, following a primary election on April 10, 2018. Incumbent Mayor Mike Huether was term-limited and could not run for a third consecutive term. Businessman Paul TenHaken, the founder of a local digital marketing firm, placed first in the primary, winning 34 percent of the vote. Former television reporter Jolene Loetscher placed second with 25 percent, and both advanced to the general election. TenHaken defeated Loetscher by a wide margin, winning 63 percent of the vote.
Yi Chahŭng
Yi Chahŭng (born 1305), posthumously known as Grand Prince Wanchang, was a late Goryeo period second rank official (좌윤; 左尹) who became part of the early Joseon royal family member as the first and oldest son of Yi Ch'un, making him uncle to Yi Sŏng-gye, its founder.

He studied under the tutelage of U T'ak as one of his students. Yi served the Yuan dynasty as a chiliarch (천호; 千戶). After his nephew, Yi Sŏng-gye (이성계) established the new dynasty, Yi Chahŭng was posthumously given the office of the minister of military affairs (병조판서; 兵曹判書) and on 9 March 1871, Yi was given the posthumous name Chŏnggan (정간; 貞簡). In 1872, Emperor Gojong of Korea gave him a posthumous name as Grand Prince Wanch'ang (완창대군; 完昌大君) and was enshrined in Yŏngjongjŏnggyŏng (영종정경; 領宗正卿) alongside his parents. Their tomb located at Gwiju-dong, Hamheung.

Taejo of Joseon
Taejo (4 November 1335 – 27 June 1408), personal name Yi Sŏnggye, later changed to Yi Tan, was the founder and first monarch of the Joseon dynasty of Korea. After overthrowing the Goryeo dynasty, he ascended to the throne in 1392 and abdicated six years later during a strife between his sons. He was honored as Emperor Ko following the establishment of the Korean Empire.

Taejo emphasized continuity over change. No new institutions were created, and no massive purges occurred during his reign. His new dynasty was largely dominated by the same ruling families and officials that had served the previous regime. He re-established amicable ties with Japan and improved relations with Ming China.
Siege of Perpignan (1542)
The siege of Perpignan took place in 1542, at Perpignan, between a larger French army commanded by Henry, Dauphin of France and the Spanish garrison at Perpignan. The Spaniards resisted until the arrival of the Spanish army under Don Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alba, causing the withdrawal of the French army. The siege was one of the costliest defeats of Francis I of France in the French offensive of 1542.

William, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg
William of Jülich-Cleves-Berge (William I of Cleves, William V of Jülich-Berg), known as William the Rich (German: Wilhelm der Reiche; 28 July 1516 – 5 January 1592), was a Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg (1539–1592).

William was born in and died in Düsseldorf. He was the only son of John III, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg, and Maria, Duchess of Jülich-Berg. William took over rule of his father's estates (the Duchy of Cleves and the County of Mark) upon his death in 1539. Despite his mother having lived until 1543, William also became the Duke of Berg and Jülich and the Count of Ravensberg.
Eoxin A4
Eoxin A4 (EXA4), also known as 14,15-leukotriene A4, is an eoxin. Cells make eoxins by metabolizing arachidonic acid with a 15-lipoxygenase enzyme to form (15S)-hydroperoxyeicosapentaenoic acid (i.e. 15(S)-HpETE). This product is then converted serially to EXA4, EXC4, EXD4, and EXE4 by LTC4 synthase, an unidentified gamma-glutamyltransferase, and an unidentified dipeptidase, respectively, in a pathway which appears similar if not identical to the pathway which forms leukotrienes, i.e. LTA4, LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4. This pathway is schematically shown as follows:

EXA4 is viewed as an intracellular-bound, short-lived intermediate which is rapidly metabolized to the downstream eoxins. The eoxins downstream of EXA4 are secreted from their parent cells and, it is proposed but not yet proven, serve to regulate allergic responses and the development of certain cancers (see eoxins).

Leukotriene
Leukotrienes are a family of eicosanoid inflammatory mediators produced in leukocytes by the oxidation of arachidonic acid (AA) and the essential fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) by the enzyme arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase.

Leukotrienes use lipid signaling to convey information to either the cell producing them (autocrine signaling) or neighboring cells (paracrine signaling) in order to regulate immune responses. The production of leukotrienes is usually accompanied by the production of histamine and prostaglandins, which also act as inflammatory mediators.

One of their roles (specifically, leukotriene D4) is to trigger contractions in the smooth muscles lining the bronchioles; their overproduction is a major cause of inflammation in asthma and allergic rhinitis. Leukotriene antagonists are used to treat these disorders by inhibiting the production or activity of leukotrienes.
Mauricio Pellegrino
Mauricio Andrés Pellegrino Luna (Latin American Spanish: [mawˈɾisjo peleˈɣɾino]; born 5 October 1971) is an Argentine former professional footballer who played as a centre-back. He is currently manager of Lanús.

After nearly one decade with Vélez Sarsfield, he spent the vast majority of his remaining career in Spain, amassing La Liga totals of 176 games and five goals over the course of eight seasons for three clubs, notably Valencia with which he won three titles (he won nine while in Argentina). He also had a six-month stint with Liverpool, and appeared with Argentina at the 1997 Copa América.

Pellegrino embarked on a managerial career after retiring, notably working two years with Vélez Sarsfield and leading Alavés to the 2017 Copa del Rey final. For eight months, he was in charge of Southampton in the Premier League.

2016–17 Copa del Rey
The 2016–17 Copa del Rey was the 115th staging of the Copa del Rey (including two seasons where two rival editions were played).

Barcelona were the two-time defending champions, and successfully defended their title following a 3–1 win over Alavés in the final.

As winners, Barcelona would have been assured a place for the 2017–18 UEFA Europa League group stage; however, since they already qualified for the Champions League by finishing 2nd in La Liga, the berth was instead passed down the league. Times up to 29 October 2016 and from 26 March 2017 are CEST (UTC+2). Times from 30 October 2016 to 25 March 2017 are CET (UTC+1).
Tinny (musician)
Nii Addo Quaynor (born 19 January 1982), better known by his stage name Tinny, is a Ghanaian rapper. At age eight, by singing and rapping at parties and funfairs, he got into the music industry. In 1994, he started performing at Fun-World, an entertainment program that was organized every Sunday at the National Theatre (Accra). He has released five studio albums since his debut.

Ga language
Ga is a Kwa language spoken in Ghana, in and around the capital Accra, by the Ga people. There are also some speakers in Togo, Benin and western Nigeria. It has a phonemic distinction between three vowel lengths.
Mayangon District
Mayangon District (Burmese: မရမ်းကုန်းခရိုင်) is a District in Yangon Region, Myanmar. It is a township of Yangon and contains three townships. The district was created in 2022, being one of the new districts created from the former West Yangon District and East Yangon District.

The district contains Inya Lake, which provides access to recreational activities to city residents. Its economy is primarily based on the service sector, having multiple major hospitals, hotels and various other services like information technology related businesses.

Yangon Region
Yangon Region (Burmese: ရန်ကုန်တိုင်းဒေသကြီး, MLCTS: rankun tuing desa. kri:, pronounced [jàɰ̃ɡòʊɰ̃ táɪɰ̃ dèθa̰ dʑí]; formerly Rangoon Division and Yangon Division) is an administrative region of Myanmar. Located in central Myanmar, the region is bordered by Bago Region to the north and east, the Gulf of Martaban to the south, and Ayeyarwady Region to the west. Yangon Region is dominated by its capital city of Yangon, the former national capital and the largest city in the country. Other important cities are Thanlyin and Twante. The division is the most developed region of the country and the main international gateway. The division measures 10,170 km2 (3,930 sq mi).
Molecular lesion
A molecular lesion or point lesion is damage to the structure of a biological molecule such as DNA, RNA, or protein. This damage may result in the reduction or absence of normal function, and in rare cases the gain of a new function. Lesions in DNA may consist of breaks or other changes in chemical structure of the helix, ultimately preventing transcription. Meanwhile, lesions in proteins consist of both broken bonds and improper folding of the amino acid chain. While many nucleic acid lesions are general across DNA and RNA, some are specific to one, such as thymine dimers being found exclusively in DNA. Several cellular repair mechanisms exist, ranging from global to specific, in order to prevent lasting damage resulting from lesions.

Alpha helix
An alpha helix (or α-helix) is a sequence of amino acids in a protein that are twisted into a coil (a helix).

The alpha helix is the most common structural arrangement in the secondary structure of proteins. It is also the most extreme type of local structure, and it is the local structure that is most easily predicted from a sequence of amino acids.

The alpha helix has a right-handed helix conformation in which every backbone N−H group hydrogen bonds to the backbone C=O group of the amino acid that is four residues earlier in the protein sequence.
Gyroporus cyanescens
Gyroporus cyanescens, commonly known as the bluing bolete or the cornflower bolete, is a species of bolete fungus in the family Gyroporaceae. First described from France in 1788, the species is found in Eurasia, Australia, and eastern North America, where it grows on the ground in coniferous and mixed forests.

The yellowish to buff cap surface is fibrous and roughened, and reaches up to 12 cm (4.7 in) in diameter. The thick stem, roughly the same color as the cap or lighter, is hollowed out into chambers. All parts of the mushroom turn an intense blue color within a few moments of bruising or cutting. The mushroom is edible, despite its hard stem. A less common variety occurs where the color change is to deep violet rather than blue. The bluing reaction results from the enzymatic oxidation of a chemical called gyrocyanin.

Gyroporus
The Gyroporaceae are a family of fungi in the order Boletales. The family is monogeneric, containing the single genus Gyroporus, which, according to a 2008 estimate, contains ten widely distributed species, though a more recent study suggested the species-level diversity to be far higher. As of January 2026, according to Index Fungorum and Mycobank databases, the genus had 46 species.
On Borrowed Time
On Borrowed Time is a 1939 drama film produced by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer starring Lionel Barrymore, with Cedric Hardwicke and Beulah Bondi in support.  Produced by Sidney Franklin and
directed by Harold S. Bucquet, it is adapted from Paul Osborn's 1938 Broadway hit play. The play, based on a novel by Lawrence Edward Watkin, has been revived twice on Broadway since its original run.

Personifications of death
Personifications of death are found in many religions and mythologies. In more modern stories, a character known as the Grim Reaper (usually depicted as a berobed skeleton wielding a scythe) causes the victim's death by coming to collect that person's soul. Other beliefs hold that the spectre of death is only a psychopomp, a benevolent figure who serves to gently sever the last ties between the soul and the body, and to guide the deceased to the afterlife, without having any control over when or how the victim dies. Death is most often personified in male form, although in certain cultures death is perceived as female (for instance, Marzanna in Slavic mythology, or Santa Muerte in Mexico). Death is also portrayed as one of the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse. Most claims of its appearance occur in states of near-death.
Longchang Road station
Longchang Road (Chinese: 隆昌路; pinyin: Lóngchāng Lù) is a Shanghai Metro station located on Line 12 in Yangpu District, Shanghai. Located at the intersection of Changyang Road and Longchang Road, the station opened on 29 December 2013, as part of an initial fifteen station-long segment of Line 12 between Tiantong Road and Jinhai Road stations.

Tiantong Road station
Tiantong Road (Chinese: 天潼路; pinyin: Tiāntóng Lù) is an interchange station between Line 10 and Line 12 of the Shanghai Metro. It entered operation on 10 April 2010. Line 12 opened on 29 December 2013, and served as the western terminus of the initial section of the line until 10 May 2014, when it was extended one stop westward to Qufu Road.
Taher Mohamed
Taher Mohamed Ahmed Taher Mohamed Mahmoud (Arabic: طَاهِر مُحَمَّد أَحْمَد طَاهِر مُحَمَّد مَحْمُود; born 7 March 1997) is an Egyptian professional footballer, who plays for Egyptian Premier League club Al Ahly and the Egypt national team as a winger.

FIFA Intercontinental Cup
The FIFA Intercontinental Cup is an annual football competition organised by FIFA, the global governing body for the sport. First held in 2024, the tournament features the reigning club champions of each of the six FIFA confederations, contested in a knockout format in which the representative from Europe receives a bye to the final.

The tournament concept is closely modelled on the earlier version of the FIFA Club World Cup, which underwent major expansion and restructuring starting with the 2025 edition. The FIFA Intercontinental Cup confers the title of annual world champions. Paris Saint-Germain are the current holders, having defeated Flamengo 2–1 on penalties following a 1–1 draw after extra time in the 2025 final.
Adelaide Showground railway station
Adelaide Showground railway station is located on the Belair, Flinders and Seaford lines, and is located in the inner western Adelaide suburb of Keswick. It is four kilometres from Adelaide station, and replaced Keswick station and the temporary Showground Central station.

Keswick, South Australia
Keswick(/ˈkɛzɪk/) is an inner south-western suburb of Adelaide, adjacent to the park lands, and located in the City of West Torrens. The suburb is home to the Keswick Barracks, the headquarters of the Royal District Nursing Service, the Keswick Cricket Club and Richmond Primary School.

The Adelaide Parklands Terminal for interstate passenger trains, formerly known as Keswick Terminal, was within the boundary of the suburb until 1987 when, inclusive of adjacent business sites and covering a total area of 56.6 hectares (140 acres), it was declared a suburb in its own right.
Sajan Lamichhane
Sajan Lamichhane (born 23 August 2001) is a Nepalese cricket photographer and photojournalist currently serving as the official photographer for the Cricket Association of Nepal (CAN). He is widely recognized for his ability to document the emotional and human elements of Nepalese cricket, moving beyond standard action shots to capture the passion of the fans.

Cricket in Nepal
Cricket in Nepal (Nepali: नेपालमा क्रिकेट) is one of the country's most popular and widely followed sport which has gained popularity over the years. It rapidly grew popularity in the mid 2010s, following the slight successes of the Nepalese cricket team as well as the country's explosive rise in social media and television viewing influence from neighboring country India. It is played by many people throughout the country, especially in the Terai region. Association football is the most popular sport in Nepal, followed by cricket.

The biggest cricketing achievement of the national cricket team was when the team reached the qualification tournament of 2014 ICC World T20 held in Bangladesh. Nepal's playing season runs from September to November and starts again in March before finishing in May.  As of October 2023, there were 3,400 senior cricket clubs and over 35,000 registered players in Nepal.
Valjean Dickinson
Valjean Leon Dickinson (February 27, 1929 – July 13, 1990) was a politician in Indiana. He served as president of the local NAACP branch and represented St. Joseph County, Indiana in the Indiana House of Representatives between 1965 and 1966. He was a Democrat.

From 1969 to 1970, Dickinson served as deputy director of Community Action Against Poverty. From 1970 to 1975, he was associate director of the Indianapolis Community Service Council. He was an assistant professor at Indiana University where he taught social work. He founded the Black Family and Urban Institute.

He was the son of Jesse Dickinson, a six term member of the Indiana House of Representatives and one term Illinois Senate member during the 1940s and 1950s. Valjean Dickinson's wife Mae Dickinson also served in the state legislature.

Indiana House of Representatives
The Indiana House of Representatives is the lower house of the Indiana General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Indiana. The House is composed of 100 members representing an equal number of constituent districts. House members serve two-year terms without term limits. According to the 2010 U.S. census, each State House district contains an average of 64,838 people.

The House convenes at the Indiana Statehouse in Indianapolis.
Etlingera australasica
Etlingera australasica is a monocotyledonous plant species that was first described by Rosemary Margaret Smith. Etlingera australasica is part of the genus Etlingera and the family Zingiberaceae. No subspecies are listed in the Catalog of Life.

Etlingera
Etlingera is a genus of Indo-Pacific herbaceous perennial flowering plants in the ginger family, Zingiberaceae, consisting of more than 100 species found in tropical regions of Afro-Eurasia.

Some of the larger species have leafy shoots reaching almost 10 metres high, and the bases of these shoots are so stout as to seem almost woody.  Others of the species grow as clumps of leafy shoots; while others have such long creeping rhizomes that each of their leafy shoots can be more than a metre apart.

Unique and distinctive to all Etlingera is a tube forming above the point where the base of the flowers petals joins onto the plant (i.e. above the  insertion of the  corolla lobes).
Carlos Carbonero
Carlos Mario Carbonero Mancilla (born 25 July 1990) is a Colombian former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. Between 2011 and 2014, he earned five caps with the Colombia national team.

2012 Supercopa Argentina
The 2012 Supercopa Argentina Final was the 1st edition of the Supercopa, an annual football match contested by the winners of the previous season's Argentine Primera División and Copa Argentina competitions.

The match was held in the Estadio Bicentenario of Catamarca, where Arsenal de Sarandí beat Boca Juniors via penalty shoot-out, winning their first Supercopa title.
Polar Bear Café
Polar Bear Café (Japanese: しろくまカフェ, Hepburn: Shirokuma Cafe) is a Japanese manga series by Aloha Higa. The series serialized in Shogakukan's Josei magazine Monthly Flowers. It revolves around the everyday lives of a group of animals mingling with humans at a café run by a polar bear. An anime adaptation by Studio Pierrot aired in Japan between April 2012 and March 2013, and was simulcast globally on Crunchyroll.

Aya Endō
Aya Endō (遠藤 綾, Endō Aya; born February 17, 1980) is a Japanese voice actress and narrator from Yamagata Prefecture who is affiliated with Intention. After Yūko Mizutani's death, she took over many of her roles. Her hobby is swimming.
Gmina Szelków
Gmina Szelków is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Maków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Szelków, which is approximately 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) south-east of Maków Mazowiecki and 67 kilometres (42 mi) north-east of Warsaw.

The gmina covers an area of 112.93 square kilometres (43.6 sq mi). In 2011, its population was 3,790, up from 3,695 in 2006.

Maków County
Maków County (Polish: powiat makowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Masovian Voivodeship, east-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Maków Mazowiecki, which lies 73 kilometres (45 mi) north of Warsaw. The only other town in the county is Różan, lying 20 km (12 mi) east of Maków Mazowiecki.

The county covers an area of 1,064.56 square kilometres (411.0 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 45,076, out of which the population of Maków Mazowiecki is 9,776, that of Różan is 2,709, and the rural population is 32,591.
HD 108541
HD 108541, also known by its Bayer designation u Centauri is a star located in the constellation Centaurus, It is also known as HR 4748. The apparent magnitude of the star is about 5.4, meaning it is only visible to the naked eye under excellent viewing conditions. Its distance is about 440 light-years (140 parsecs), based on its parallax measured by the Hipparcos astrometry satellite.

The spectral type of HD 108541 is B8/9V, meaning it is a late B-type main sequence star. These types of stars are a few times more massive than the Sun, and have effective temperatures of about 10,000 to 30,000 K. HD 108541 is just over 3 times more massive than the Sun and has a temperature of about 11,000 K.

Bayer designation
A Bayer designation is a stellar designation in which a specific star is identified by a Greek or Latin letter followed by the genitive form of its parent constellation's Latin name. The original list of Bayer designations contained 1564 stars. The brighter stars were assigned their first systematic names by the German astronomer Johann Bayer in 1603, in his star atlas Uranometria. Bayer catalogued only a few stars too far south to be seen from Germany, but later astronomers (including Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille and Benjamin Apthorp Gould) supplemented Bayer's catalog with entries for southern constellations.