hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Matrix consimilarity
In linear algebra, two n-by-n matrices A and B are called consimilar if

for some invertible  matrix , where  denotes the elementwise complex conjugation. So for real matrices similar by some real matrix , consimilarity is the same as matrix similarity.

Like ordinary similarity, consimilarity is an equivalence relation on the set of  matrices, and it is reasonable to ask what properties it preserves.

The theory of ordinary similarity arises as a result of studying linear transformations referred to different bases. Consimilarity arises as a result of studying antilinear transformations referred to different bases.

A matrix is consimilar to itself, its complex conjugate, its transpose and its adjoint matrix.  Every matrix is consimilar to a real matrix and to a Hermitian matrix.  There is a standard form for the consimilarity class, analogous to the Jordan normal form.

Conjugate transpose
In mathematics, the conjugate transpose, also known as the Hermitian transpose, of an  complex matrix  is an  matrix obtained by transposing  and applying complex conjugation to each entry (the complex conjugate of  being , for real numbers  and ). There are several notations, such as  or , , or (often in physics) .

For real matrices, the conjugate transpose is just the transpose, .
Ray A. Ashley
Randolph Alexander “Ray” Ashley Jr. (November 18, 1925 – July 2, 2012) was an American lawyer and public official who served as the Attorney General and Reporter of Tennessee from 1976 to 1978.

Ashley was born in Tennessee on November 18, 1925. He was a native of Dyersburg, TN, and graduated from the University of Tennessee College of Law.

In 1976, following the departure of Attorney General Milton P. Rice, Ashley was appointed Attorney General of Tennessee. He held the office until 1978, when he was succeeded by Brooks McLemore. During his time as Attorney General, Ashley oversaw the state’s representation in appellate litigation and advised state agencies on matters of law. He was notably involved in the halting of the construction of the Clinch River breeder reactor project in Oak Ridge, Tennessee.

After leaving office, Ashley returned to private life. He lived in Tennessee until his death on July 2, 2012, at the age of 86.

Tennessee Attorney General
The Tennessee attorney general (officially, attorney general and reporter) is the chief law enforcement officer and lawyer for the U.S. state of Tennessee. The office of the attorney general is located at the state capitol in Nashville, Tennessee. The current office holder is Jonathan Skrmetti, who was appointed in 2022 by the Tennessee Supreme Court for an eight-year term. His service officially began when he was sworn in by the current governor of Tennessee, Bill Lee, on September 1, 2022.
Lara Dantas
Lara Dantas Ferreira dos Santos (born September 1, 2005) is a Brazilian college soccer player who plays as a midfielder for the Florida State Seminoles. She won the 2025 national championship with the Seminoles.

2022 South American U-17 Women's Championship
The 2022 South American U-17 Women's Championship was the 7th edition of the South American U-17 Women's Championship (Spanish: CONMEBOL Sudamericano Femenino Sub-17), the biennial international youth football championship organised by CONMEBOL for the women's under-17 national teams of South America. It was held in Montevideo, Uruguay from 1 to 19 March 2022.

Initially, the 7th edition of the tournament was scheduled to be held in 2020 but had to be cancelled for that year due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The top three teams qualified for the 2022 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup in India as the CONMEBOL representatives. Defending champions Brazil won their fourth title after finish first in the final stage and alongside the runners-up Colombia and third place Chile qualified for the 2022 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup.
Riverine Flotilla of the Polish Navy
The Riverine Flotilla of the Polish Navy (Polish: Flotylla Rzeczna Marynarki Wojennej), better known as the Pinsk Flotilla, was the inland branch of the Polish Navy operating on the Vistula river and in the area of the Pinsk Marshes (Dnieper–Bug Canal) between the Polish–Bolshevik War and World War II. Under Commodore Witold Zajączkowski, it was active in the invasion of Poland and fought against both German and Soviet forces.

Brown-water navy
A brown-water navy or riverine navy, in the broadest sense, is a naval force capable of military operations in inland waters (rivers, lakes and inland seas) and nearshores. The term originated in the United States Navy during the American Civil War, when it referred to Union forces patrolling the muddy Mississippi River, and has since been used to describe the small gunboats and patrol boats commonly used in rivers, along with the larger "mother ships" that supported them.

Brown-water navies are typically only used for patrolling and enforcing internal waters, in contrast to blue-water navies, which can independently conduct operations in the open oceans and project power far offshore. Green-water navies, which operate mainly in brackish estuaries, bays and shallow seas not too far off coasts (typically within the bounds of exclusive economic zones), fill the operational gap between brown-water and blue-water navies.
Bình Chánh district
Bình Chánh is a former rural district (huyện) in the southwest of Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam. High urbanization rate has made Bình Chánh become one of a high population growth districts in the city. As of 2019, the district had a population of 705,508. It covers an area of 253 km2. The district capital lies at Tân Túc.

Bình Chánh district borders District 7, District 8, Bình Tân district, Hóc Môn District and Nhà Bè District.

District 7, Ho Chi Minh City
District 7 (Quận 7) is a former urban district of Ho Chi Minh City, the largest city in Vietnam. As of 2024, the district had a population of 456,789 and an area of 36 km2 (14 sq mi).

District 7 was formed from the northern part of Nhà Bè District in 1997, connected to the city of Thủ Đức by the Phú Mỹ Bridge, which opened in September 2009. The Phú Mỹ Hưng New City is located in the district (mostly entire the wards of Tân Phú and Tân Phong).
Mohd Husaimi Hussin
Mohd Husaimi bin Hussin (born 28 May 1974) is a Malaysian politician who has served as Deputy Member of the Terengganu State Executive Council (EXCO) in the Perikatan Nasional (PN) administration under Menteri Besar Ahmad Samsuri Mokhtar and Member Mohd Nurkhuzaini Ab Rahman as well as Member of the Terengganu State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Hulu Besut since August 2023. He is a member of the Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU), a component party of the PN coalition.

Ahmad Samsuri Mokhtar
Ahmad Samsuri bin Mokhtar (Jawi: أحمد سمسوري بن مختار; born 16 November 1970) is a Malaysian politician, aerospace engineer and lecturer who has served as the 15th Menteri Besar of Terengganu, Member of the Terengganu State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Ru Rendang since May 2018, Member of Parliament (MP) for Kemaman since December 2023, and Group Chairman for Terengganu Incorporated (TI Group). He is a member of the Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS), a component party of the Perikatan Nasional (PN) coalition. He has served as the 2nd Chairman of PN since February 2026 and the Vice President of PAS since June 2019.
Oost- en West-Souburg
Oost- en West-Souburg is a former municipality in the Dutch province of Zeeland. It existed between 1835 and 1966, when it was merged with Vlissingen.

The municipality included the villages of Oost-Souburg and West-Souburg.

Vlissingen
Vlissingen (Dutch: [ˈvlɪsɪŋə(n)] ⓘ; Zeelandic: Vlissienge) is a municipality and a city in the southwestern Netherlands on the island of Walcheren. With its strategic location between the Scheldt river and the North Sea, Vlissingen has been an important harbour for centuries. It was granted city rights in 1315. In the 17th century the roadstead of Vlissingen was a main harbour for ships of the Dutch East India Company (VOC). It is also known as the birthplace of Lieutenant-Admiral Michiel de Ruyter.

Vlissingen is mainly noted for the yards on the Scheldt where most of the ships of the Royal Netherlands Navy (Koninklijke Marine) are built.
Global Thinkers Forum
Global Thinkers Forum (GTF) is a non-profit, London-based organization and was incubated at Oxford University's Saïd Business School in 2011.  It was created to "help our societies and leaders navigate a very complex world". GTF launched in 2012 in Amman, Jordan.

Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs
The Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs is a New York City–based 501(c)(3) public charity serving international affairs professionals, teachers and students, and the attentive public. Founded in 1914, and originally named Church Peace Union, Carnegie Council is an independent and nonpartisan institution, aiming to be the foremost voice of ethics in international affairs. The Council focuses on Ethics, War and Peace, Global Social Justice, and Religion in Politics as its three main themes. It is separate and independent from all other Carnegie philanthropies.

Carnegie Council publishes Ethics & International Affairs, a quarterly academic journal that examines the intersection of moral issues and the international sphere.

Among Carnegie Council's programs is Global Policy Innovations, which publishes Policy Innovations, an online magazine.
47th International Film Festival of India
The 47th International Film Festival of India was held on 20 to 28 November 2016 in Goa. 
Filmmaker Nagesh Kukunoor, who was appointed Chairman of the Indian panorama section, and Sameer Arya as the Member head of the panel.

International Film Festival of India
The International Film Festival of India (IFFI), founded in 1952, is an annual film festival currently held in Goa, on the western coast of India. The festival aims at providing a common platform for the cinemas of the world to project the excellence of the film art; contributing to the understanding and appreciation of film cultures of different nations in the context of their social and cultural ethos, and promoting friendship and cooperation among people of the world. The festival is conducted jointly by the National Film Development Corporation of India (under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting) and the state Government of Goa.
11th Chess Olympiad
The 11th Chess Olympiad (Dutch: De 11e Schaakolympiade), organized by the FIDE and comprising an open team tournament, as well as several other events designed to promote the game of chess, took place between September 4 and September 25, 1954, in Amsterdam, Netherlands.

30 teams had applied, but only 26 took part. The most notable absentees were the United States, who couldn't afford the travelling expenses due to financial difficulties in the USCF.

The Soviet team once again won the event, followed by Argentina and Yugoslavia. Unlike the previous Olympiad, however, they dominated this one completely and crushed all opposition, winning the final by an astounding seven points. Keres' amazing score of 96.4% was an all-time record; he drew his first game (against Nilsson of Sweden) and won the rest.

Chess Olympiad
The Chess Olympiad is a biennial chess tournament in which teams representing nations of the world compete. FIDE organises the tournament and selects the host nation. Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, FIDE held an Online Chess Olympiad in 2020 and 2021, with a rapid time control that affected players' online ratings.
1840 United States presidential election in Mississippi
A presidential election was held in Mississippi from November 3–4, 1840 as part of the 1840 United States presidential election. Voters chose four representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice President.

Mississippi voted for the Whig candidate, William Henry Harrison, over Democratic candidate Martin Van Buren. Harrison won Mississippi by a margin of 6.86%. As of 2024, this is the only presidential election in American history in which Mississippi has voted for a different candidate than Alabama. This would also be the last time a Democrat (or Democratic splinter) candidate lost Mississippi until 1872.

1872 United States presidential election in Mississippi
The 1872 United States presidential election in Mississippi took place on November 5, 1872, as part of the 1872 United States presidential election. Voters chose eight representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

Mississippi voted for the Republican candidate, Ulysses S. Grant, over Liberal Republican candidate Horace Greeley. Grant won Mississippi by a margin of 26.96%. The state would not vote Republican again until Barry Goldwater won it in 1964.
Dustmurod Aliev (jamoat)
Dustmurod Aliev (Tajik: Деҳоти Дӯстмурод Алиев, formerly Jamoat Fayzobod) is a jamoat in Tajikistan. It is located in Fayzobod District, one of the Districts of Republican Subordination. The jamoat has a total population of 13,164 (2015).

Jamoats of Tajikistan
The jamoats of Tajikistan (Russian: джамоаты, romanized: dzhamoaty; Tajik: ҷамоати деҳот, romanized: jamoati dehot, "village communes") are the third-level administrative divisions, similar to communes or municipalities, in the Central Asian country of Tajikistan. As of January 2020, there are 368 rural jamoats, 65 towns and 18 cities in Tajikistan. Each jamoat is further subdivided into villages (or deha or qyshqol)

The jamoats and towns, and their population figures (as of January 2015) by district of each region are listed below:
Erga omnes
In legal terminology, erga omnes rights or obligations are owed toward all. Erga omnes is a Latin phrase which means "towards all" or "towards everyone". For instance, a property right is an erga omnes entitlement and therefore enforceable against anybody infringing that right.

An erga omnes right can be distinguished from a right based on contract, which is unenforceable except against the contracting party.

Its first recorded use dates back to a 1956 article written by the Belgian lawyer Henri Rolin. 
It then became famous when it was used by the International Court of Justice in 1970, in the Barcelona Traction case.

Rights
Rights are legal, social, or ethical principles of freedom or entitlement; that is, rights are the fundamental normative rules about what is allowed of people or owed to people according to some legal system, social convention, or ethical theory. Rights are an important concept in law and ethics, especially theories of justice and deontology.

The history of social conflicts has often involved attempts to define and redefine rights. According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, "rights structure the form of governments, the content of laws, and the shape of morality as it is currently perceived".
Bolshoy Lip
The Bolshoy Lip (Russian: Большой Лип) is a river in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, a right tributary of the Vogulka, which in turn is a tributary of the Sylva. The Bolshoy Lip is 24 kilometres (15 mi) long.

Sylva (river)
The Sylva (Russian: Сылва) is a river in Sverdlovsk Oblast and Perm Krai in Russia. It is 493 kilometres (306 mi) in length. The area of the basin is 19,700 square kilometres (7,600 sq mi). The Sylva flows into the Chusovoy Cove of the Kama Reservoir. It freezes up in November and stays under the ice until April. Principal tributaries: Iren, Babka, Irgina, Vogulka (left); Barda, Shakva (right). Main port: Kungur.

Every year hundreds of tourists come to Kungur, through routes down the Sylva, Iren and Shakva rivers. The Sylva River flows leisurely over a flat plateau, across Preduraliye Nature Preserve, and past abrupt cliffs, fossilized remnants of coral reefs left by the long-disappeared Great Permian Sea, which at some places rise up to 100 metres (330 ft) above the level of the river, covered with pine and fir groves.
Performance bedding
Performance bedding is a bedding product not made from traditional material such as cotton.  Performance bedding includes memory foam, gel, polyester, or proprietary fabrics. Bedding products include sheets, pillows, and mattress protectors.  Because of the different properties of polyester compared to cotton, moisture may be wicked away from the body during sleep.  The low absorbency qualities of polyester means it is more resistant to stains than cotton.

The company Sheex manufactures performance bedding.

Mattress protector
A mattress protector (also mattress cover, mattress pad may mean this or a mattress topper) is an item of removable bedding that sits on top of, or encases, a mattress to protect it. Some mattress protectors also provide protection to the person sleeping on the mattress from allergens and irritants such as dust mites, bed bugs, mold, and dead skin (like dandruff).
Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite Commonwealth
The Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite Commonwealth was a proposed state that would have been based on a personal union between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Tsardom of Russia. A number of serious attempts by various means to create such a union took place between 1574 and 1658 and in the late 18th century, but it never materialized because of the incompatible demands from both sides.

The proposed union is known in Polish as the Triple Union (unia troista) and has also been called the Polish–Russian Union (unia polsko-rosyjska) or the Polish–Muscovite Union (unia polsko-moskiewska).

Tsardom of Russia
The Tsardom of Russia, also known as the Tsardom of Moscow, was the centralized Russian state from the assumption of the title of tsar by Ivan IV in 1547 until the foundation of the Russian Empire by Peter the Great in 1721.

From 1550 to 1700, Russia grew by an average of 35,000 square kilometres (14,000 sq mi) per year. The period includes the upheavals of the transition from the Rurik to the Romanov dynasties, wars with the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Sweden, and the Ottoman Empire, and the Russian conquest of Siberia, to the reign of Peter the Great, who took power in 1689 and transformed the tsardom into an empire. During the Great Northern War, he implemented substantial reforms and proclaimed the Russian Empire after victory over Sweden in 1721.
2023 Oceania Rugby Women's Championship
The 2023 Oceania Rugby Women's Championship was the fifth edition of the Oceania Rugby Women's Championship. The competition was held at Bond University in Gold Coast, Queensland between 26 May and 4 June. The 2023 competition saw teams compete for two spots in World Rugby's inaugural WXV competition that will commence later in the year. The tournament was played in a round-robin format with each team playing three games each.

Samoa won their first Oceania Championship title and confirmed their place for WXV 2, Fiji as runners-up have qualified for WXV 3.

Oceania Rugby Women's Championship
Oceania Rugby Women's Championship is an international women's rugby union competition contested by women's national teams from Oceania. Fiji are the current Champions and have won the most titles with five.
Hampton Lady Pirates basketball
The Hampton Lady Pirates basketball team is the women's basketball team that represents Hampton University in Hampton, Virginia, United States. The school's team currently competes in the Coastal Athletic Association.

NCAA Division II women's basketball tournament
The NCAA Division II women's basketball tournament (officially styled as "Championship" instead of "Tournament") is an annual tournament to determine the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division II women's college basketball national champion.

Basketball was one of 12 women's sports added to the NCAA championship program for the 1981–82 school year, as the NCAA and Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (AIAW) sought for sole governance of women's collegiate athletics. The AIAW continued to conduct its established championships; however, after a year of dual women's championships at the national level, the AIAW disbanded.

The 2020 Elite Eight was due to be held at the Birmingham CrossPlex in Birmingham, AL before the NCAA called off the tournament due to the COVID-19 outbreak.

The field was reduced to 48 in 2021 and returned to the normal 64 in 2022.

Grand Valley State are the defending national champions, winning their second national title in 2025.
Sramik Karmachari Oikya Parishad
Sramik Karmachari Oikya Parishad (Bengali: শ্রমিক কর্মচারী ঐক্য পরিষদ; United Front of Workers and Employees) is a national federation of 16 unions in Bangladesh, which collectively represent 90 percent of the unionized labor force in Bangladesh.

Bangladesh Jatiya Sramik League
The Bangladesh Jatiya Sramik League (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ জাতীয় শ্রমিক লীগ, lit. 'Bangladesh National Workers' League') was a national trade union federation in Bangladesh. Since the conviction of the ousted prime minister Sheikh Hasina and her political party Bangladesh Awami League, all their activities have been banned including the Bangladesh Jatiya Sramik League.

Nationally, it is affiliated with the National Coordination Committee for Workers' Education and internationally with the International Trade Union Confederation. K.M. Azam Khasru is general secretary of the union and Fazlul Haque Montu was its president until his death in 2020.
Franklin-4 Vermont Representative District, 2002–2012
The Franklin-4 Representative District is a one-member state Representative district in the U.S. state of Vermont.  It is one of the 108 one or two member districts into which the state was divided by the redistricting and reapportionment plan developed by the Vermont General Assembly following the 2000 United States census.  The plan applies to legislatures elected in 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, and 2010.  A new plan will be developed in 2012 following the 2010 United States census.

The Franklin-4 District includes all of the Franklin County towns of Bakersfield and Enosburgh.

As of the 2000 census, the state as a whole had a population of 608,827. As there are a total of 150 representatives, there were 4,059 residents per representative (or 8,118 residents per two representatives). The one member Franklin-4 District had a population of 4,003 in that same census, 1.38% below the state average.

Enosburgh, Vermont
Enosburgh /ˈiːnəsbɜːrɡ/ is a town in Franklin County, Vermont, in the United States. The population was 2,810 at the 2020 census. Enosburgh includes the village of Enosburg Falls and the settlements of Bordoville, East Enosburgh, North Enosburgh, Sampsonville, West Enosburgh, and Enosburgh Center. Enosburgh was named for Roger Enos, who had been a commander of all the Vermont Forces in the American Revolution. He was also the father-in-law of Ira Allen, founder of Vermont. The spelling of Enosburgh differs from the spelling of Enosburg Falls.

The town is a commercial center for the eastern half of Franklin County. It has several stores, restaurants, gas stations, and pharmacies.