hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fringe benefits tax (Australia)
The fringe benefits tax (FBT) is a tax applied within the Australian tax system by the Australian Taxation Office. The tax is levied on most non-cash benefits that an employer provides "in respect of employment." The tax is levied on the employer, not the employee, and will be levied irrespective of whether the benefit is provided directly to the employee or to an associate of the employee.

The tax was first imposed in 1986 and the operation of the tax is described by the Fringe Benefits Tax Assessment Act 1986.

Australian Taxation Office
The Australian Taxation Office (ATO) is an Australian statutory agency and the principal revenue collection body for the Australian Government. The ATO has responsibility for administering the Australian federal taxation system, superannuation legislation, and other associated matters. Responsibility for the operations of the ATO is within the portfolio of the Treasurer of Australia and the Treasury.

As the Australian government's principal revenue collection body, the ATO collects income tax, goods and services tax (GST) and other federal taxes. The ATO also has responsibility for managing the Australian Business Register, delivering the Higher Education Loan Program, delivering many Australian government payments and administering key components of Australia's superannuation system.
Riccardo Brengola
Riccardo Brengola (18 March 1917 – 16 May 2004) was an Italian violinist and professor. He was associated with early Italian chamber music and with the performance of contemporary Italian classical music. For several decades, he was the Professor Emeritus of chamber music at the Accademia Musicale Chigiana in Siena, and from 1939 to 1966, he was the leader of the only piano quintet ensemble, the Quintetto Chigiano. His influence as a teacher also spread beyond Siena, through courses or classes at other major Italian Conservatories and to Ireland, Argentina, Spain and Japan. He maintained his career as a concert violin soloist and as an orchestral conductor, and was awarded the status of Commendatore of the Italian Republic in 1982.

Luciano Berio
Luciano Berio OMRI (24 October 1925 – 27 May 2003) was an Italian composer noted for his experimental work (in particular his 1968 composition Sinfonia and Sequenza, a series of solo pieces for instruments using extended techniques), and for his pioneering work in electronic music. His early work was influenced by Igor Stravinsky and experiments with serial and electronic techniques, while his later works explore indeterminacy and the use of spoken texts as the basic material for composition.
St Peter and St Paul's Church, Preston Deanery
St Peter and St Paul's Church is a redundant Anglican church in the hamlet of Preston Deanery, Northamptonshire, England.  It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building, and is under the care of the Churches Conservation Trust. Although the church is not open for regular worship, it still hosts occasional special services, such as Pentecost and Christmas services for the Living Brook Benefice.

Preston Deanery
Preston Deanery is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Hackleton, in West Northamptonshire, England. It is 4 miles (6 km) south of Northampton town centre and 1.5 miles (2 km) by road to the M1 London to Yorkshire motorway junction 15. It lies just off the B526 road (former A50) from Northampton to Newport Pagnell, between Hackleton and Wootton, a former village which has become now a suburb of Northampton. The 2010 population estimate was 51.

The village's name means 'Priests' farm/settlement'. The hamlet gave its name to the deanery here.
Lugarno, New South Wales
Lugarno is a suburb situated in the St George area of southern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is located in the local government area of the Georges River Council, 23 kilometres south of the Sydney central business district.

Situated on the northern bank of the Georges River, Lugarno is known for its large areas of bushland. Peakhurst and Peakhurst Heights, to the north, are the only adjoining suburbs. Nearby suburbs include Alfords Point, Illawong (on the other side of the Georges River), Padstow Heights (on the other side of Salt Pan Creek) and Oatley (on the other side of Lime Kiln Bay).

Padstow Heights
Padstow Heights is a suburb in South-western Sydney in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is in the local government area of the City of Canterbury-Bankstown, and located 22 kilometres south-west of the Sydney central business district. Padstow is a separate suburb to the north and One Tree Point is a locality within Padstow Heights.
Vidette, British Columbia
Vidette is an unincorporated locality in the Deadman River Valley in the Thompson-Bonaparte Country region of the Central Interior of British Columbia, Canada. It is just north of Vidette Lake, which has become famous for being declared the "Centre of the Universe" by Tibetan Buddhist monks.  The locality's name derives from the French spoken by fur trades, when a roadhouse here was on the Hudson's Bay Brigade Trail connecting Fort Kamloops to Fort Alexandria via the Bonaparte Plateau, and which became part of the Gold Rush Trail from the United States to the Cariboo Gold Rush.

Alexandria, British Columbia
Alexandria or Fort Alexandria was a general area encompassing a trading post, ferry site, and steamboat landing in the North Cariboo region of central British Columbia. The present unincorporated community is on the eastern side of the Fraser River. On BC Highway 97, the locality is by road about 74 kilometres (46 mi) northwest of Williams Lake and 45 kilometres (28 mi) south of Quesnel.
István Csom
István Csom (2 June 1940 – 28 July 2021) was a Hungarian chess player who held the FIDE titles of Grandmaster and International Arbiter. FIDE awarded him the International Master title in 1967 and the Grandmaster title in 1973. He was Hungarian Champion in 1972 and 1973 (jointly). His tournament victories include Olot 1973, Cleveland 1975, Olot 1975, Pula Zonal 1975, Berlin 1979, Copenhagen 1983, Järvenpää 1985 and Delhi 1987.

Csom was born in Sátoraljaújhely, Hungary. He played for the Hungarian team in seven Chess Olympiads (1968–1974, 1978–1982, 1986–1988), including the victorious team of 1978.

Over the course of his career, Csom defeated many top Grandmasters, including Ulf Andersson, Boris Gulko, Tony Miles, Lajos Portisch, Samuel Reshevsky, Nigel Short, former World Champion Mikhail Tal, Rafael Vaganian, and Artur Yusupov.

Olot
Olot (Catalan: [uˈlɔt] ⓘ; Spanish: [oˈlot] ⓘ) is the capital city of the comarca of Garrotxa, in the Province of Girona, Catalonia, Spain. The city is known for its natural landscape, including four volcanoes scattered around the city center. The municipality is part of the Zona Volcànica de la Garrotxa Natural Park. Olot is also well known for its cultural activity, with historical art movements like Olot school or factories of religious imagery, which contributed to the location in the city of the main Design and Arts & Crafts school of the province of Girona, the Escola d'Art i Superior de Disseny d'Olot.

Between 1911 and 1969, Olot was linked to Girona by the narrow gauge Olot–Girona railway. The line has since been converted into a greenway.
Julio Rodríguez
Julio Yamel Rodríguez (born December 29, 2000), nicknamed "J-Rod", is a Dominican professional baseball center fielder for the Seattle Mariners of Major League Baseball (MLB). He signed with the Mariners as an international free agent in 2017. In his rookie season in 2022, he was named an All-Star along with winning the Silver Slugger Award and American League Rookie of the Year Award. Rodríguez has been selected to three All-Star Games, won two Silver Sluggers, and made the All-MLB Second Team in 2022 and All-MLB Team in 2025.

Baseball at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Baseball was featured at the 2020 Summer Olympics, in Tokyo, for the first time since the 2008 Summer Olympics. Six national teams competed in the tournament: Israel, Japan (host), Mexico, South Korea, the United States, and the Dominican Republic.

Baseball/softball was one of five optional sports that were added to the programme of the 2020 Summer Olympics. It did not return in 2024 for the Paris Summer Olympics. The tournament was originally scheduled to be held in 2020, but on 24 March 2020, the Olympics were postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, the games were played behind closed doors.

The medals for the competition were presented by Mr. Yasuhiro Yamashita, IOC Member and Olympic Champion from Japan, and the medalists' bouquets were presented by Riccardo Fraccari, WBSC President; Italy
Penaeoidea
Penaeoidea is the larger of the two superfamilies of prawns. It comprises eight families, three of which are known only from fossils. The fossil record of the group stretches back to Aciculopoda, discovered in Famennian sediments in Oklahoma.

† Aciculopodidae (1 genus, 1 species)

† Aegeridae (2 genera, 25 species)

Aristeidae (10 genera, 28 species)

Benthesicymidae (5 genera, 43 species)

† Carpopenaeidae (1 genus, 3 species)

Penaeidae (48 genera, 286 species)

Sicyoniidae (1 genus, 53 species)

Solenoceridae (10 genera, 86 species)

Aegeridae
Aegeridae is a family of fossil prawns, one of the earliest Mesozoic shrimp families. It contains the genera Aeger, Acanthochirana, Anisaeger and Distaeger. The main diagnostic character of Aegeridae is the presence of numerous spines or thin setae on the third maxilliped.

They are known from locations in Europe, Mexico, United States, Middle East and China.

Aegerids such as Anisaeger and Distaeger were found in large numbers of close specimens, suggesting gregarious behaviour. They could have been good swimmers, but the morphology suggests they mostly lived on the sea floor.
1988 United States presidential election in Texas
The 1988 United States presidential election in Texas took place on November 8, 1988. All fifty states and the District of Columbia, were part of the 1988 United States presidential election. Texas voters chose 29 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.

Incumbent Vice President George H. W. Bush won his home state against Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis. Bush ran with Indiana Senator Dan Quayle as Vice President, and Dukakis ran with Texas Senator Lloyd Bentsen.

Texas voted for Bush by a solid 12.6% margin. Texas had been considered a competitive, albeit Republican-leaning, state in the run-up to the election.

Lee County, Texas
Lee County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 17,478. Its county seat is Giddings. The county was founded in 1874 and is named for Confederate General Robert E. Lee.
Coober Pedy Oodnadatta One Day Mail Run
The Coober Pedy Oodnadatta One Day Mail Run is a 4WD mail service in the outback of South Australia.

Twice a week, the OKA bus travels from Coober Pedy to William Creek to Oodnadatta and then back to Coober Pedy, on unsealed roads. The road between William Creek and Oodnadatta is the famous Oodnadatta Track. The direction of the mail run is reversed on successive trips (that is, Oodnadatta then Coober Pedy). The mail truck carries some general freight and also passengers.

The trip takes around 12 hours with stops for meals at William Creek and Oodnadatta. The truck also stops to deliver mail at a number of homesteads, including Anna Creek Station, the world's largest cattle station. Indeed, so large is Anna Creek station, that most of the mail run's route is within the Anna Creek station. When carrying tourists as passengers, it also stops at scenic points including the Dingo Fence and ruins connected with the old Ghan railway.

Oodnadatta Track
The Oodnadatta Track is an unsealed 614 km (382 mi) outback road in the Australian state of South Australia, connecting Marla in the north-west via Oodnadatta to Marree in the south-east. Along the way, the track passes the settlements of Oodnadatta and William Creek, the southern lake of the Kati Thanda-Lake Eyre National Park, and mound springs known as Freeling Springs, Strangways Springs, and The Bubbler and Blanche Cup (Wabma Kadarbu Mound Springs).

Some maps show Oodnadatta Track as route D95, which, under the extended Australian alphanumeric road numbering system, belongs to a D road, a category distinct from a C road. However, the D95 is not signposted, as the Department for Infrastructure and Transport has a policy of not marking unsealed roads.
Mostafa Mousavi Faraz
Ayatollah Seyyed Mostafa Mousavi Faraz (Persian: سید مصطفی موسوی فراز) (also known as Seyyed Mostafa Mousavi Esfahani), is an Iranian Twelver Shia ayatollah who was born in 1944 in Isfahan to a religious family. This Shia cleric has been a member of the Assembly of Experts (from Hamedan province) since February 2016.

Mousavi Faraz's father was Seyyed-Akbar Havaei, who was a draper who encouraged his son to go to a hawzah. He commenced his seminary education before finishing  elementary school at the age of 14. He studied for three  years in Isfahan Hawzah. Later he went to Qom seminary.

Ayatollah
Ayatollah (UK: /ˌaɪəˈtɒlə/, also US: /ˌaɪəˈtoʊlə/; Arabic: آية الله, romanized: ʾāyatu llāh; Persian: آیت‌الله, romanized: âyatollâh [ɒːjjætˌolˈlɒːh]) is a title for high-ranking Twelver Shia clergy. It came into widespread usage in the 20th century.

Originally used as a title bestowed by popular/clerical acclaim for a small number of the most distinguished  marja' at-taqlid mujtahid, it suffered from "inflation"  following the 1979 Iranian Revolution when it came to be used for "any established mujtahid". By 2015, it was further expanded to include any student who had passed their Mujtahid final exam, leading to "thousands" of Ayatollahs.

The title is not used by the Sunni community of Iran, due to their belief that Muhammad did not appoint a successor.

In the Western world – especially after the Iranian Revolution – it was associated with Ruhollah Khomeini, who was so well known as to often be referred to as "The Ayatollah".
1944 NCAA cross country championships
The 1944 NCAA Cross Country Championships were the sixth annual cross country meet to determine the team and individual national champions of men's collegiate cross country running in the United States.

Since the current multi-division format for NCAA championship did not begin until 1973, all NCAA members were eligible. In total, 9 teams and 43 individual runners contested this championship.

The meet was hosted by Michigan State College at the Forest Akers East Golf Course in East Lansing, Michigan for the sixth consecutive time. Additionally, the distance for the race was 4 miles (6.4 kilometers). This was the first championship since 1942 after the 1943 race was cancelled due to World War II.

The team national championship was won by the Drake Bulldogs, their first. The individual champion was Fred Feiler, also from Drake, with a time of 21:04.2.

NCAA Division I men's cross country championships
The NCAA Division I men's cross country championships (formerly the NCAA University Division cross country championships) are contested at an annual meet hosted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association to determine the individual and team national champions of men's collegiate cross country running among its Division I members in the United States. It has been held every fall (typically in November) since the NCAA split into its current three-division format in 1973.

Teams and individual runners qualify for the championship at regional competitions approximately a week before the national championships.

Arkansas has been the most successful program, with eleven national titles.

Oklahoma State is the defending team national champion, winning their sixth title in 2025.
Acmaeops
Acmaeops is a genus of beetles in the family Cerambycidae, containing the following species:

Acmaeops discoideus (Haldeman, 1847)

Acmaeops proteus (Kirby in Richardson, 1837)

Acmaeops brachyptera [=Gnathacmaeops brachypterus]

Acmaeops discoidea

Acmaeops marginata

Acmaeops pratensis [=Gnathacmaeops pratensis]

Acmaeops septentrionis

Acmaeops smaragdula

Gnathacmaeops pratensis
Gnathacmaeops pratensis is a species of the Lepturinae subfamily in the long-horned beetle family. This beetle is distributed in Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, China, Italy, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, and the United States. The adult beetle feeds on Norway spruce.
Sfendali railway station
Sfendali railway station (Greek: Σιδηροδρομικός σταθμός Σφενδάλης, romanized: Sidirodromikos stathmos Sfendalis) is a station on the Piraeus–Platy railway line in Malakasa, in the northern part of the Athens metropolitan area, in the municipality of Oropos, East Attica, Greece. It was inaugurated on 8 March 1904. It is owned by OSE, but services are provided by Hellenic Train, through the Athens Suburban Railway from Athens to Chalcis. According to the album "From the crowds in the metro", in the late 1960s, the former SEKs have been studying the connection of the Sfendalis station with Oropos.

Oropos
Oropos (Greek: Ωρωπός) is a small town and a municipality in East Attica, Greece.

The village of Skala Oropou, within the bounds of the municipality, was the site an important ancient Greek city, Oropus, and the famous nearby sanctuary of Amphiaraos is still visible today.
The Grand Panorama of a Whaling Voyage 'Round the World
The Grand Panorama of a Whaling Voyage 'Round the World is a maritime panoramic painting created by Benjamin Russell and Caleb B. Purrington in 1848. Owned by the New Bedford Whaling Museum, who restored it, from March 2025 to March 2026 the panorama will be displayed at the Minnesota Marine Art Museum in Winona, Minnesota. At 1,275 feet in length, it is the longest painting in the United States, longer than the Empire State Building is tall.

Panoramic painting
Panoramic paintings are massive artworks that reveal a wide, all-encompassing view of a particular subject, often a landscape, military battle, or historical event. They became especially popular in the 19th century in Europe and the United States, inciting opposition from some writers of Romantic poetry. A few have survived into the 21st century and are on public display. Typically shown in rotundas for viewing, panoramas were meant to be so lifelike they confused the spectator between what was real and what was image.

In China, panoramic paintings are an important subset of handscroll paintings, with some famous examples being Along the River During the Qingming Festival and Ten Thousand Miles of the Yangtze River.
Motishwar Mandir
Motishwar Mandir is a Shiva temple complex located near the Al Alam Palace in the Muttrah area of Old Muscat, Oman. It is one of the oldest Hindu temples in the Middle East region. The temple celebrates numerous Hindu festivals such as Vasant Panchmi, Ramnavmi, Hanuman Jayanti, Shravan and Ganesh Chaturthi. Over 20,000 Hindus visit the temple during Maha Shivaratri.

Al Alam Palace
Al Alam Palace (Arabic: قصر العلم Qaṣr al-ʿAlam, "Palace of the Flag") is the ceremonial palace of the Sultan of Oman. It is used for official functions like welcoming foreign dignitaries and heads of state.
2018 STP 500
The 2018 STP 500 was a Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series race held on March 26, 2018, at Martinsville Speedway in Ridgeway, Virginia. Contested over 500 laps on the .526 mile (.847 km) paperclip-shaped short track, it was sixth race of the 2018 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series season. The race was postponed from Sunday, March 25 to Monday, March 26 due to snow accumulation in Martinsville.

Cook Out 400 (Martinsville)
The Cook Out 400 is an annual NASCAR Cup Series stock car race held at the 0.526-mile (0.847 km) Martinsville Speedway in Ridgeway, Virginia. It is the first of two Cup Series races at the track, the other one being the Xfinity 500 in the NASCAR playoffs.

The race was previously 500 laps in length before it was shortened to 400 laps starting in 2022.

Unlike other races which the winner receives a trophy, the winner of this race and other NASCAR races at Martinsville receives a grandfather clock, which has been a tradition since 1964.
Parochial Church Councils (Powers) Measure 1956
The Parochial Church Councils (Powers) Measure 1956 (4 & 5 Eliz. 2. No. 3) is a measure passed by the Church Assembly of the Church of England that gave parish-level parochial church councils (PCCs) various miscellaneous powers such as framing an annual budget, power to make levy and collect a voluntary church rate, power jointly with the minister to appoint and dismiss the parish clerk and determine his salary, and the right to make representations to the bishop "with regard to any matter affecting the welfare of the church in the parish".

The measure forbade councils from acquiring property or real estate without the consent of the diocesan authority, and it also required PCCs to present their accounts annually, and invested bishops with the power to ensure the measure was followed.

The measure came into effect on 2 January 1957, and repealed the Parochial Church Councils (Powers) Measure 1921 and the Parochial Church Councils (Powers) (Amendment) Measure 1949.

Church of England measure
A Church of England measure is primary legislation that is made by the General Synod of the Church of England and approved by the Parliament of the United Kingdom  under section 3 of the Church of England Assembly (Powers) Act 1919.
Union Defence Force (South Africa)
The Union Defence Force (UDF) (Afrikaans: Unie-Verdedigingsmag) comprised the armed forces of South Africa from 1 July 1912, when the Defence Act (No 13 of 1912) took effect, two years after the creation of the Union of South Africa, until 1957 when it was reorganised and renamed the South African Defence Force (SADF).

2 Squadron SAAF
2 Squadron is a squadron in the South African Air Force which was formed in 1940. The squadron has a long history, having been involved in every single combat action in which the SAAF has taken part. During the Second World War it made a name for itself in the battles for East Africa, before distinguishing itself in North Africa as part of the Desert Air Force, and later in Italy.
Maciejówka (cap)
Maciejówka (literally "Maciej's cap") is a type of headgear popular in late 19th and early 20th century Poland. It is a round, soft cap made of cloth, with a short hardened peak, usually made of black or brown leather, often adorned with a decorative rope or braid. Originally part of traditional folk attire in many regions of Poland, during World War I it became part of military uniform of Riflemen's Association and the Polish Legions.

After Poland regained her independence in 1918 it was proposed that maciejówkas become standard headgear of the Polish Army. However, it was argued that maciejówka resembles German World War I garrison caps too closely and eventually rogatywka was adopted instead.

Polish Land Forces
The Land Forces (Polish: Wojska Lądowe) are the ground forces of the Polish Armed Forces. They currently contain some 110,000 active personnel and form many components of the European Union and NATO deployments around the world. Poland's recorded military history stretches back a millennium – since the 10th century (see List of Polish wars and History of the Polish Army). Poland's modern army was formed after Poland regained independence following World War I in 1918.