hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
American Society of Hispanic Economists
The American Society of Hispanic Economists (ASHE) is a professional association of economists in the United States that promotes the representation of Hispanic Americans within the economics profession and supports economic research relevant to Hispanic Americans. ASHE is recognized by the American Economic Association as one of the academic organizations comprising the Allied Social Sciences Associations.

Southern Economic Association
The Southern Economic Association (SEA) is a regional-based scholarly economic organization based at Texas Tech University. The SEA was founded in 1928. It is one of five general professional economic associations. For the SEA member characteristics (e.g. political affiliation, policy opinions) in relation to the other major economic associations see Klein et al.

From its founding, the purpose of the Association has been to further the education of scholars and the public in economic affairs. Toward this end, it seeks to stimulate interest in and disseminate results of recent research in theory and applied economics.

The membership of the SEA includes a diverse set of scholars, with a great range in their substantive interests and in their methods of inquiry.
Sari, Iran
Sari (Persian: ساری [sɒːˈɾiː] ⓘ) is a city in the Central District of Sari County, Mazandaran province, serving as capital of the district, county, and province. Sari was the former capital of Iran for a short period and is in the north of the country, between the northern slopes of the Alborz Mountains and southern coast of the Mazandaran Sea. Sari is the largest and most populous city of Mazandaran and ranked as the most livable city in Iran. [1]

Gorgan
Gorgan (Persian: گرگان; [ɡoɾˈɡɒːn] ⓘ) is a city in the Central District of Gorgan County, Golestan province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district. It lies approximately 400 km (250 mi) to the northeast of the national capital Tehran, and some 30 km (19 mi) away from the Caspian Sea.
Lian Yimin
Lian Yimin (Chinese: 廉毅敏; pinyin: Lián Yìmǐn; born 5 March 1964) is a Chinese politician currently serving as chairman of the Zhejiang Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, in office since January 2014. Previously he served as chairman of the Hebei Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

He was a representative of the 19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party and is a representative of the 20th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. He was a delegate to the 12th National People's Congress. He was a member of the 14th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and is a member of the 14th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

12th National People's Congress
The 12th National People's Congress (NPC) was elected in national congressional conferences from October 2012 to February 2013 and was in session from 2013 to 2018. It succeeded the 11th National People's Congress.  It held five plenary sessions in this period, occurring around early March every year.  It was succeeded by the communing of the 13th National People's Congress.
Lenna
Lenna (or Lena) is a standard test image used in the field of digital image processing, starting in 1973. It is a picture of the Swedish model Lena Forsén, shot by photographer Dwight Hooker and cropped from the centerfold of the November 1972 issue of Playboy magazine. Lenna has attracted controversy because of its subject matter. Starting in the mid-2010s, many journals have deemed it inappropriate and discouraged its use, while others have banned it from publication outright. Forsén herself has called for it to be retired, saying "It's time I retired from tech."

The spelling "Lenna" came from the model's desire to encourage the proper pronunciation of her name. "I didn't want to be called Leena [English: /ˈliːnə/]," she explained.

Digital image processing
Digital image processing is the use of a digital computer to process digital images through an algorithm. As a subcategory or field of digital signal processing, digital image processing has many advantages over analog image processing. It allows a much wider range of algorithms to be applied to the input data and can avoid problems such as the build-up of noise and distortion during processing. Since images are defined over two dimensions (perhaps more), digital image processing may be modeled in the form of multidimensional systems. The generation and development of digital image processing are mainly affected by three factors: first, the development of computers; second, the development of mathematics (especially the creation and improvement of discrete mathematics theory); and third, the demand for a wide range of applications in environment, agriculture, military, industry and medical science has increased.
Amycolatopsis
Amycolatopsis is a genus of high GC-content bacteria within the family Pseudonocardiaceae.
The genus is known for producing many types of antibiotics, including

Epoxyquinomicin, related to Amycolatopsis sulphurea, are a class of weak antibiotic and anti-inflammatory agent.

Vancomycin, obtained from Amycolatopsis orientalis, is being used for infections resistant to other antibiotics.

Ristocetin, made by Amycolatopsis lurida, was an antibiotic but ceased to apply due to adverse effects of platelet agglutination. Now it is used to assay von Willebrand disease.

Amycolatopsis orientalis
Amycolatopsis orientalis (previously known as Streptomyces orientalis) is a Gram-positive bacterium in the phylum Actinomycetota. It produces several substances with antimicrobial properties, including the antibiotic drug vancomycin.
Outline of production
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to production:

Production – act of creating 'use' value or 'utility' that can satisfy a want or need. The act may or may not include factors of production other than labor.  Any effort directed toward the realization of a desired product or service is a "productive" effort and the performance of such act is production.

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to production:

Toyota Production System
The Toyota Production System (TPS) is an integrated socio-technical system, developed by Toyota, that comprises its management philosophy and practices. The TPS is a management system that organizes manufacturing and logistics for the automobile manufacturer, including interaction with suppliers and customers. The system is a major precursor of the more generic "lean manufacturing". Taiichi Ohno and Eiji Toyoda, Japanese industrial engineers, developed the system between 1948 and 1975.

Originally called "Just-in-time production", it builds on the approach created by the founder of Toyota, Sakichi Toyoda, his son Kiichiro Toyoda, and the engineer Taiichi Ohno. The principles underlying the TPS are embodied in The Toyota Way.
NASCAR Cup Series career of Jeff Gordon
American stock car racing driver Jeff Gordon enjoyed a successful career in the Cup Series, the top category of NASCAR. Gordon spent his entire driving career with Hendrick Motorsports, making 797 starts between 1992 and 2015 in the No. 24 Chevrolet for 24 seasons. He briefly came out of retirement during the 2016 season by competing in HMS' No. 88 Chevrolet for eight races, giving him a career total 805 starts. Gordon's career achievements include four championships (1995, 1997, 1998, and 2001), 93 points-paying victories (including three Daytona 500s and five Brickyard 400s), and 81 poles.

Cook Out 400 (Martinsville)
The Cook Out 400 is an annual NASCAR Cup Series stock car race held at the 0.526-mile (0.847 km) Martinsville Speedway in Ridgeway, Virginia. It is the first of two Cup Series races at the track, the other one being the Xfinity 500 in the NASCAR playoffs.

The race was previously 500 laps in length before it was shortened to 400 laps starting in 2022.

Unlike other races which the winner receives a trophy, the winner of this race and other NASCAR races at Martinsville receives a grandfather clock, which has been a tradition since 1964.
Felix Streng
Felix Streng (born 16 February 1995) is a German Paralympic track and field athlete. A single leg amputee, Streng competes in both sprint and long jump events, competing in the T44 classification. He has won medals at both European and World Championship level and was part of the German men's 4 × 100 metres relay team that won gold at the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio.

2014 IPC Athletics European Championships
The 2014 IPC Athletics European Championships was a track and field competition for athletes with a disability open to International Paralympic Committee (IPC) affiliated countries within Europe, plus Azerbaijan and Israel. It was held in Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom and lasted from 18 to 23 August. The competition was staged at Swansea University Stadium. Approximately 550 athletes from 37 countries attended the games.

Russia won the Games atop the medal table with 41 Gold medals, and also collected the greatest overall medal haul with 88. The host nation, Britain, finished third. Of the 37 competing nations, 34 managed to achieve a podium finish. There were seven world records set and a further seven European records, in a games that was beset by difficult weather conditions throughout the tournament.
Uganda v Commissioner of Prisons, Ex Parte Matovu
Uganda v. Commissioner of Prisons, Ex Parte Michael Matovu, [1966] 1 EA 514, is a decision of the High Court of Uganda in which Hans Kelsen's "General Theory on Law and State" and the Political Question Doctrine were considered in determining the legal validity of Uganda's 1966 Constitution. The 1966 Constitution had come into place following what was by and large, a coup d'état executed by Apollo Milton Obote when he seized all powers of government and suspended Uganda's 1962 Independence Constitution, eventually leading to its abolition.

Dosso case
Dosso v. Federation of Pakistan was the first constitutional case after the promulgation of the Constitution of Pakistan of 1956 and an important case in Pakistan's political history. The case gained prominence as it indirectly questioned the first martial law imposed by President Iskander Mirza in 1958.

Dosso was a tribal person from district Loralai in Baluchistan then under Provincially Administered Tribal Areas who committed a murder. He was arrested by tribal authorities and handed over to the Loya jirga who convicted him under the Frontier Crimes Regulation (FCR). Relatives of Dosso challenged the decision in Lahore High Court (then the West Pakistan High Court) who ruled in favour of Dosso. The Federal Government appealed the decision to the Supreme Court of Pakistan who reversed the High Court's decision by referring to the Hans Kelsen theory of legal positivism.
Distillery Loop and Cherry Street branch
Distillery Loop is a streetcar loop in the Toronto streetcar system in Toronto, Ontario, Canada that lies at the south end of the Cherry Street branch – originally dubbed the Cherry Street streetcar line – that runs from a streetcar junction on King Street East south along Sumach and Cherry Streets. The loop opened in June 2016 and is some of the newer streetcar infrastructure in the city. The Cherry Street branch is currently served by the 504A King and 508 Lake Shore streetcar routes, which have their eastern terminus at Distillery Loop.

Union Station Rail Corridor
The Union Station Rail Corridor (USRC) is a corridor of railway tracks that exist through and adjacent to Union Station in downtown Toronto.  It is 6.4 kilometres (4.0 miles) long, approximately stretching from Bathurst Street (mile 1.1) in the west to the Don River in the east, making it the largest rail passenger facility in Canada.
Proclamation of accession of Charles III
Charles III became King of the United Kingdom and of 14 other Commonwealth realms upon the death of his mother, Elizabeth II, on 8 September 2022. Royal succession in the realms occurs immediately upon the death of the reigning monarch. The formal proclamation in Britain occurred on 10 September 2022, at 10:00 BST, the same day on which the Accession Council gathered at St James's Palace in London. The other realms, including most Canadian provinces and all Australian states, issued their own proclamations at times relative to their time zones, following meetings of the relevant privy or executive councils. While the line of succession is identical in all the Commonwealth realms, the royal title as proclaimed is not the same in all of them.

Sark
Sark (Sercquiais: Sèr or Cerq, French: Sercq) is an island in the southwestern English Channel, off the coast of Normandy, and part of the archipelago of the Channel Islands. It is part of the Bailiwick of Guernsey, a self-governing British Crown Dependency, with its own set of laws based on Norman law, and its own parliament. It was a royal fiefdom until 2008, when the Constitution of Sark went into effect.

Sark has a population of about 500. Including the nearby island of Brecqhou, it has an area of 2.10 square miles (5.44 km2). Little Sark is a peninsula joined by a natural but high and very narrow isthmus to the rest of Sark Island.

Sark is one of the few places in the world where cars are banned from roads, and only tractors, bicycles, and horse-drawn vehicles are allowed. In 2011, Sark was designated as a Dark Sky Community and the first Dark Sky Island in the world.
Dazhuangke
Dazhuangke Township (simplified Chinese: 大庄科乡; traditional Chinese: 大莊科鄉; pinyin: Dàzhuāngkē Xiāng) is a township located inside of Yanqing District, Beijing, China. It shares border with Yongning Town in its north, Jiuduhe and Yanshou Towns in its east, Shisanling Town in its south, and Jingzhuang Town in its west. In the 2020, the township was home to 4,202 inhabitants.

Originally this region was known as Dazhuangke (Chinese: 大庄窠; lit. 'Large Villa Bird's Nest'). But due to the rarity and writing difficulty of the last character 窠, it was later swapped for 科.

Yongning, Beijing
Yongning Town (simplified Chinese: 永宁镇; traditional Chinese: 永寧鎮; pinyin: Yǒngníng Zhèn) is a town in the Yanqing District of Beijing. It is a small town in rural Beijing but has a long history as an economic and military center. A government initiative in the 2000s to rehabilitate the town has restored its architectural landmarks. It is located to the south of Xiangying and Liubinbao Townships, west of Sihai and Jiuduhe Towns, north of Dazhuangke Township and Jingzhuang Town, and east of Shenjiaying and Jiuxian Towns. As of 2020, it had 23,483 residents under its administration.

The region was named Yongning in 1414 with the meaning of "Eternal Peace".
Takla Landing
Takla Landing, also known as McLaing Landing, is an unincorporated locality and former steamboat landing on the east side of Takla Lake in the Omineca Country of the Central Interior of British Columbia, Canada.  In the days of the Omineca Gold Rush, Takla Landing was a port for steamboats connecting trails from Hazelton, British Columbia via Babine Lake to trails leading from Takla Landing eastwards to the area of the gold strikes in the lower Omineca River.

The locality is the site of North Tacla Lake Indian Reserve No. 7 and adjoining it is North Tacla Lake Indian Reserve 7A.  The reserves, 63.1 and 14.8 ha. respectively, are under the administration of the Takla Lake First Nation.

The community is served by the Takla Landing Water Aerodrome.

Omineca River
Omineca River is a river of the North American boreal forest, in northern British Columbia, Canada. It flows into Williston Lake, and is part of the Peace River basin.  Before the creation of Williston Lake, the Omineca was a tributary of the Finlay River. According to Father Adrien-Gabriel Morice the name is derived from a Sekani word meaning 'lake-like or sluggish river'.
HPD series of mines
The HPD-1, HPD-2 and HPD-3 are a series of French electrically fuzed anti-tank landmines of TDA Armements that use Misnay–Schardin effect warheads. The entire series of mines conform to the United States MIL-STD-331.

Anti-tank mine
An anti-tank or AT mine is a type of land mine designed to damage or destroy vehicles including tanks and armored fighting vehicles.

Compared to anti-personnel mines, anti-tank mines typically have a much larger explosive charge, and a fuze designed to be triggered by vehicles or, in some cases, remotely or by tampering with the mine.
Abdul Ghafoor (footballer)
Abdul Ghafoor (3 August 1938 – 7 September 2012), known by his nickname Majna, was a Pakistani professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He captained the Pakistan national football team during the 1974 Asian Games. He was nicknamed the Pakistani Pelé and Black Pearl of Pakistan, for his resemblance to the Brazilian football player and his playing abilities, and is regarded as  one of the greatest Pakistani footballers of all time.

Mohammedan SC (Dhaka)
Mohammedan Sporting Club Limited is a Bangladeshi professional football club based in Dhaka. Founded in 1936, it is one of the oldest and the most successful football club in the country, with a support base in all parts of the country. The club currently competes in the Bangladesh Premier League.
Center Sandwich, New Hampshire
Center Sandwich is a census-designated place in the town of Sandwich in Carroll County, New Hampshire,  United States. It is the primary settlement in the town and had a population of 156 at the 2020 census. The village center and surrounding area are listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Center Sandwich Historic District.

The village is home of the Sandwich Fair, held annually in early October.

Sandwich Fair
The Sandwich Fair is an annual event held on Columbus Day weekend in Sandwich, New Hampshire.  The midway is open the three days of the fair and the Friday night prior to the fair's start.  Two parades are part of the fair: an antique auto parade on Saturday and then the "Grand Street Parade" on Sunday, including marching bands from Inter-Lakes High School and Moultonborough Academy.
Love and hate (psychoanalysis)
Love and hate as co-existing forces have been thoroughly explored within the literature of psychoanalysis, building on awareness of their co-existence in Western culture reaching back to the “odi et amo” of Catullus, and Plato's Symposium.

Object relations theory
Object relations theory is a school of thought in psychoanalytic theory and psychoanalysis centered around theories of stages of ego development. Its concerns include the relation of the psyche to others in childhood and the exploration of relationships between external people, as well as internal images and the relations found in them. Adherents to this school of thought maintain that the infant's relationship with the mother primarily determines the formation of their personality in adult life. Attachment is the bedrock of the development of the self, i.e. the psychic organization that creates one's sense of identity.
1984–85 WIHL season
1984–85 was the 38th season of the Western International Hockey League.

The Spokane Chiefs were named the 1984-85 Champions of the WIHL and advanced to play in the 1984-85 Western Canada Allan Cup Playoffs.

1985 Allan Cup
The 1985 Allan Cup was the Canadian senior ice hockey championship for the 1984–85 senior "AAA" season.  The event was hosted by the Corner Brook Royals in Corner Brook, Newfoundland and Labrador.  The 1985 playoff marked the 77th time that the Allan Cup has been awarded.

The 1985 Allan Cup is the first instance and possibly the last in which the winner overcame a 3-games-to-none deficit to win the entire series.
Habibollah Sayyari
Habibollah Sayyari (Persian: حبیب‌الله سیاری, born 1955) has been appointed the acting Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran, and the former Commander of the Islamic Republic of Iran Navy (the "Regular Navy").

On 13 June 2025, following the Israeli attack and by order of the Supreme Leader of the Revolution, General Habibollah Sayyari was appointed the temporary commander of the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran, replacing Mohammad Bagheri.

He is a former Marine Commando who fought in the Iran–Iraq war.

Commander of the Iranian Navy
The Commander of the Iranian Navy (Persian: فرمانده نیروی دریایی ارتش) is the highest-ranking position of the Islamic Republic of Iran Navy, and has operational control and is responsible for overall operations of the navy. The current commander is Shahram Irani.
Rharhabe
The Rharhabe House is the second senior house (Right Hand House) of the Xhosa Kingdom. Its royal palace is in the former Ciskei and its counterpart in the former Transkei is the Gcaleka, which is the great house of Phalo.

The Rharhabe house was founded by Xhosa warrior Rharhabe, who was the older brother of Gcaleka ka Phalo.

Qonce
Qonce, formerly King William's Town, is a town in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa along the banks of the Buffalo River. The town is about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northwest of the Indian Ocean port of East London. It has a population of around 35,000 inhabitants and forms part of the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality.

The town lies 389 m (1,276 ft) above sea level at the foot of the Amathole Mountains in an area known for its agriculture. The town has one of the oldest post offices in the country developed by missionaries led by Charles Brownlee.
Romance No. 2 (Beethoven)
The Romance for violin and orchestra No. 2 in F major, Op. 50, is the second of two such compositions by Ludwig van Beethoven. It was written in 1798 but not published until 1805 (by which time Beethoven had completed and published the other work, Romance No. 1 in G major, Op. 40). The score calls for solo violin, one flute, two oboes, two bassoons, two horns and strings. The length is about eight minutes, and Beethoven gives the tempo "Adagio Cantabile."

The autograph manuscript of the work is preserved in the Library of Congress.

The opening bars for the solo violin

A ballet based on this work, titled Beethoven Romance, was premiered by New York City Ballet on 2 February 1989.

F major
F major is a major scale based on F, with the pitches F, G, A, B♭, C, D, and E. Its key signature has one flat. Its relative minor is D minor and its parallel minor is F minor.

The F major scale is:

Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The F harmonic major and melodic major scales are:

F major is the home key of the English horn, the basset horn, the horn in F, the trumpet in F and the bass Wagner tuba. Thus, music in F major for these transposing instruments is written in C major. These instruments sound a perfect fifth lower than written, with the exception of the trumpet in F which sounds a fourth higher.
L'Europe buissonnière
L'Europe buissonnière (French pronunciation: [løʁɔp bɥisɔnjɛʁ]) is a 1949 novel by the French writer Antoine Blondin. It is based on Blondin's experiences as an STO worker at a rubber plant in Austria in 1943 and 1944. It depicts Europe during World War II in a comical fashion reminiscent of Louis-Ferdinand Céline's Journey to the End of the Night.

It was Blondin's debut novel and received the Prix des Deux Magots.

Prix des Deux Magots
The Prix des Deux Magots (French pronunciation: [pʁi de dø maɡo]) is a major French literary prize. It is presented to new works, and is generally awarded to works that are more off-beat and less conventional than those that receive the more mainstream Prix Goncourt.

The name derives from the extant Parisian café "Les Deux Magots", which began as a drapery store in 1813, taking its name from a popular play of the time, The Two Magots (a  magot is a type of Chinese figurine). It housed a wine merchant in the 19th century, and was refurbished in 1914 into a café.