hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Oregon–USC football rivalry
The Oregon–USC football rivalry or USC–Oregon football rivalry is an American college football rivalry between the Oregon Ducks and the USC Trojans of the Big Ten Conference. Previously they both played in the Pac-12 Conference, before moving to the Big Ten Conference. Their respective campuses in Eugene and Los Angeles are 868 miles (1,395 km) apart, via Interstate 5. USC leads the series 38–24–2 as of 2025, with one vacated win on September 24, 2005.

Oregon Ducks football
The Oregon Ducks football program is a college football team for the University of Oregon, located in the U.S. state of Oregon. The team competes at the NCAA Division I level in the FBS and is a member of the Big Ten Conference (B1G). Though now known as the Ducks, the team was commonly called the Webfoots until the mid-1960s.

The program first fielded a football team in 1894. Oregon plays its home games at the 54,000 seat Autzen Stadium in Eugene. The program has been one of the most successful programs in college football since the 2000s. Oregon has been known in recent years for their creative uniforms, helmets, and logo designs, facilitated by a close partnership with Nike, which was founded in Eugene, Oregon by then-student Phil Knight and his track coach, Bill Bowerman.
Islamic Legion
The Islamic Legion (Arabic: الفيلق الإسلامي al-Faylaq ul-'Islāmiyyu; a.k.a. Islamic Pan-African Legion) was a Libyan-sponsored pan-Arabist and pan-Islamist paramilitary force, created in 1972. The Legion was part of Muammar Gaddafi's dream of creating the Great Islamic State of the Sahel.

Darfur
Darfur (/dɑːrˈfʊər/ dar-FOOR; Arabic: دار فور, romanized: Dār Fūr, lit. 'Realm of the Fur') is a region of western Sudan. Dār is an Arabic word meaning "home [of]" – the region was named Dardaju (Arabic: دار داجو, romanized: Dār Dājū) while ruled by the Daju, who migrated from Meroë c. 350 AD, and it was  renamed Dartunjur (Arabic: دار تنجر, romanized: Dār Tunjur) when the Tunjur ruled the area. Darfur was an independent sultanate for hundreds of years until 1874, when it fell to the Sudanese warlord Rabih az-Zubayr. The region was later invaded and incorporated into Sudan by Anglo-Egyptian forces in 1916.

Because of the War in Darfur between Sudanese government forces and the indigenous population, the region has been in a state of humanitarian emergency and genocide since 2003. The factors include religious and ethnic rivalry, and the rivalry between farmers and herders.
Heldrungen
Heldrungen (German pronunciation: [ˈhɛldʁʊŋən] ⓘ) is a town and a former municipality in the Kyffhäuserkreis district, Thuringia, Germany. Since 1 January 2019, it is part of the town An der Schmücke.

Nearby rivers are the Unstrut and the Wipper.

It is known for its fortification with two water ditches, four vauban bastions and five rondells. In the center of the fortification is a Renaissance castle, which was built from 1512 to 1518. Today, the castle is used as a youth hostel.

Kyffhäuserkreis
The Kyffhäuserkreis is a district in the northern part of Thuringia, Germany. Neighboring districts are the districts Mansfeld-Südharz, Saalekreis and Burgenlandkreis in Saxony-Anhalt, and the districts Sömmerda, Unstrut-Hainich-Kreis and Eichsfeld.
Student debt
Student debt refers to the debt incurred by an individual to pay for education-related expenses. This debt is most commonly assumed to pay for tertiary education, such as university.

The amount loaned or the loan agreement is often referred to as a student loan. In many countries, student loans work differently compared to mortgages with differing laws governing renegotiation and bankruptcy. As with most other types of debt, student debt may be considered defaulted after a given period of no response to requests by the school or the lender for information, payment, or negotiation. Afterward, the debt is turned over to a student loan guarantor or a collection agency.

Debt
Debt is an obligation that requires one party, the debtor, to pay money borrowed or otherwise withheld from another party, the creditor. Debt may be owed by a sovereign state or country, local government, company, or an individual. Commercial debt is generally subject to contractual terms regarding the amount and timing of repayments of principal and interest. Loans, bonds, notes, and mortgages are all types of debt. In financial accounting, debt is a type of financial transaction, as distinct from equity.

The term can also be used metaphorically to cover moral obligations and other interactions not based on a monetary value. For example, in Western cultures, a person who has been helped by a second person is sometimes said to owe a "debt of gratitude" to the second person.
Small Satellite Conference
Internationally recognized as the premier conference on small satellites, the Small Satellite Conference (also known as SmallSat) is held each August on the campus of Utah State University (USU) in Logan, Utah, USA.

This annual gathering provides a forum for the small satellite community to review recent successes, explore new directions, and introduce emerging technologies in small spacecraft development. In addition to creating an environment for networking and speaking with experts in military, science, and academic fields, the Conference offers a program of international relevance, focusing on the key challenges and opportunities facing the small satellite community today.

Logan, Utah
Logan is a city in Cache County, Utah, United States. The 2020 census recorded the population at 52,778. Logan is the county seat of Cache County and the principal city of the Logan metropolitan area, which includes Cache County and Franklin County, Idaho. The Logan metropolitan area contained 147,908 people as of the 2020 census. Logan has the main campus of Utah State University.
2019 Stockholm International Film Festival
The 30th Stockholm International Film Festival took place on 6–17 November 2019 in Stockholm, Sweden.

Peruvian drama film Song Without a Name won the Bronze Horse, most prestigious award. Noah Baumbach's Marriage Story served as the opening film for the 30th edition. Jojo Rabbit closed the festival.

Stockholm International Film Festival
The Stockholm International Film Festival (Swedish: Stockholms filmfestival) is an annual film festival held in Stockholm, Sweden. It was launched in 1990 and has been held every year since then during the second half of November, and focuses on emerging and early career filmmakers. The winning film in the international competition section is awarded the Bronze Horse (Bronshästen), and it awards a number of other prizes.
GeForce 8 series
The GeForce 8 series is the eighth generation of Nvidia's GeForce line of graphics processing units. The third major GPU architecture developed by Nvidia, Tesla represents the company's first unified shader architecture.

Asus
ASUSTEK Computer Inc. (/ˈeɪsuːs/, /eɪˈsuːs/, /ɑːˈ-/, /əˈ-/;), doing business as ASUS, is a Taiwanese multinational computer, phone hardware and electronics manufacturer headquartered in Beitou District, Taipei, Taiwan. Its products include desktop computers, laptops, netbooks, mobile phones, networking equipment, monitors, Wi-Fi routers, projectors, motherboards, graphics cards, optical storage, multimedia products, peripherals, wearables, servers, workstations and tablet PCs. The company is also an original equipment manufacturer (OEM).

As of 2024, Asus is the world's fifth-largest personal computer vendor by unit sales. Asus has a primary listing on the Taiwan Stock Exchange under the ticker code 2357 and formerly had a secondary listing on the London Stock Exchange under the ticker code ASKD.
Community structure
In the study of complex networks, a network is said to have community structure if the nodes of the network can be easily grouped into (potentially overlapping) sets of nodes such that each set of nodes is densely connected internally. In the particular case of non-overlapping community finding, this implies that the network divides naturally into groups of nodes with dense connections internally and sparser connections between groups.  But overlapping communities are also allowed. The more general definition is based on the principle that pairs of nodes are more likely to be connected if they are both members of the same community(ies), and less likely to be connected if they do not share communities. A related but different problem is community search, where the goal is to find a community that a certain vertex belongs to.

Erdős–Rényi model
In the mathematical field of graph theory, the Erdős–Rényi model refers to one of two closely related models for generating random graphs or the evolution of a random network. These models are named after Hungarian mathematicians Paul Erdős and Alfréd Rényi, who introduced one of the models in 1959. Edgar Gilbert introduced the other model contemporaneously with and independently of Erdős and Rényi. In the model of Erdős and Rényi, all graphs on a fixed vertex set with a fixed number of edges are equally likely. In the model introduced by Gilbert, also called the Erdős–Rényi–Gilbert model, each edge has a fixed probability of being present or absent, independently of the other edges. These models can be used in the probabilistic method to prove the existence of graphs satisfying various properties, or to provide a rigorous definition of what it means for a property to hold for almost all graphs.
Dutson Bombing Range
Dutson Bombing Range is a bombing range operated by the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF), located near the town of Sale and RAAF Base East Sale in Victoria.

On 15 August 1962, four Vampire aircraft of the Red Sales display team crashed in the vicinity of the range while doing aerobatics practice. All six men aboard the aircraft were killed instantly.

The site ceased to be used as an active bombing range in 2000.

It has been used as a live firing site for the Australian Army as late as 2010.

In 2018, it was announced that the company DefendTex would construct a facility to manufacture and test propellants and explosives at the range.

Bombing range
A bombing range, sometimes referred to as an air weapons range (AWR), is a remote military facility used by combat aircraft for air-to-ground weapons training, as well as for the research, development, testing, and evaluation of aerial ordnance. These ranges support precision targeting with high-explosive aerial bombs, precision-guided munitions, rockets, missiles, and other aircraft-delivered weapons, in contrast to field firing ranges used by infantry and armored units.

To minimise environmental impact and infrastructure damage, various inert "practice bombs" are extensively used to simulate explosive ordnance during precision targeting exercises. In addition, solid target practice (TP) ammunition is employed during strafing runs, offering ballistic realism without explosive payloads, unlike high-explosive (HE) or armour-piercing (AP) variants which contain energetic fillers or penetrators designed for destructive effect.
Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Act
The Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Act of 2005 (PSQIA): Pub. L. 109–41 (text) (PDF), 42 U.S.C. ch. 6A subch. VII part C, established a system of patient safety organizations and a national patient safety database. To encourage reporting and broad discussion of adverse events, near misses, and dangerous conditions, it also established privilege and confidentiality protections for Patient Safety Work Product (as defined in the act). The PSQIA was introduced by Sen. Jim Jeffords [I-VT]. It passed in the Senate July 21, 2005 by unanimous consent, and passed the House of Representatives on July 27, 2005, with 428 Ayes, 3 Nays, and 2 Present/Not Voting.

Title 42 of the United States Code
Title 42 of the United States Code is the  United States Code dealing with public health, social welfare, and civil rights. Parts of Title 42 which formerly related to the US space program have been transferred to Title 51.
Hector Robinson
Christianity portal

Hector Gordon Robinson (9 June 1899 - 9 December 1965) was the Anglican Bishop of Riverina in Australia from 1950 until his death in 1965.

Robinson was educated at Scotch College, Melbourne, The Australian College of Theology and Trinity College, University of Melbourne. He was ordained in 1923 and was a curate at St Peter's, Eastern Hill, Melbourne and then priest in charge of Boort. He was Rector of Home Hill and then of St Matthew's Townsville before becoming Archdeacon of Mackay until his appointment to the episcopate.

Anglican Diocese of Riverina
The Diocese of Riverina is one of 23 dioceses of the Anglican Church of Australia. The diocese covers 37% of New South Wales, including the Riverina and the far west of the state. The diocese was established in 1884 when the Diocese of Goulburn was divided.
Bradley House (Midland, Michigan)
The Bradley House is a restored single-family home, now used as a museum, located at 3200 Cook Road in Midland, Michigan, on the grounds of the Midland County Historical Society Heritage Park (part of the Midland Center for the Arts). The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. 
The Bradley House was affected by the Edenville and Sanford dam failures in May of 2020. The basement was completely flooded with about one inch of water on the first floor. The building itself is closed until repairs can be made.

Midland Center for the Arts
The Midland Center for the Arts (MCFTA) is a performing arts center and museum complex located at 1801 Saint Andrews Street in Midland, Michigan. Situated in Discovery Square along Eastman Avenue, it was originally the home for the Midland Arts Council, Midland Little Theatre Guild, Midland Music Society, Midland Symphony Orchestra, Midland County Historical Society and Midland Community Concert Society. The facility includes two performance venues, two museums, art studios, lecture halls and a historical campus.
Steve Thompson (songwriter)
Stephen Dennis Thompson (born 24 April 1952) is a British musician, songwriter and record producer who is responsible for a number of single and album chart hits and well-known songs recorded by international recording artists. He was instrumental in setting up the influential Neat Records. He was particularly active as a producer during (as well as being partially responsible for) the NWOBHM years (New Wave of British Heavy Metal). During this time, he produced for many acts and kick-started the careers of several influential heavy metal acts including the first recordings of Newcastle band Venom (who are widely credited with the invention of black metal) and Raven who have been credited with being hugely influential by Metallica.

Gus Dudgeon
Angus Boyd "Gus" Dudgeon (30 September 1942 – 21 July 2002) was an English record producer, who oversaw many of Elton John's most acclaimed recordings, including his commercial breakthrough, "Your Song". Their collaboration led to seven US No. 1 albums, and established John as one of the most successful singles artists of the 1970s.

Dudgeon also produced Chris Rea's first hit, the US chart topping "Fool (If You Think It's Over)", and David Bowie's "Space Oddity", and steered many other artists to chart success, including Joan Armatrading and Elkie Brooks. The Guinness Book of Records cites Dudgeon as being the first person to use sampling in music production. He was a founding member of the Music Producers Guild.
Governor of Eskişehir
The Governor of Eskişehir (Turkish: Eskişehir Valiliği) is the bureaucratic state official responsible for both national government and state affairs in the Province of Eskişehir. Similar to the Governors of the 80 other Provinces of Turkey, the Governor of Eskişehir is appointed by the Government of Turkey and is responsible for the implementation of government legislation within Eskişehir. The Governor is also the most senior commander of both the Eskişehir provincial police force and the Eskişehir Gendarmerie.

Ministry of Interior (Turkey)
The Ministry of Interior or Ministry of the Interior or Interior Ministry (Turkish: İçişleri Bakanlığı lit. Ministry of Internal Affairs) is a government ministry of the Republic of Turkey, responsible for interior security affairs in Turkey.

As of 10 February 2026, the current Minister of the Interior is Mustafa Çiftçi.
History of Central European forests
The history of Central European forests is characterised by thousands of years of exploitation by people. Thus a distinction needs to be made between the botanical natural history of the forest in pre- and proto-historical times—which falls mainly into the fields of natural history and Paleobotany—and the onset of the period of sedentary settlement which began at the latest in the Neolithic era in Central Europe - and thus the use of the forest by people, which is covered by the disciplines of history, archaeology, cultural studies and ecology.

The definition of Central Europe is a (sometimes heated) area of debate, and isn't used with consistent meaning across fields of study, encyclopedias and dictionaries, cultures or natural and political borders.

In rough terms the general area both geographically and ecologically is situated between the North Sea, the Alps, the Baltic Sea and the Black Sea.

Abies alba
Abies alba, the European silver fir or silver fir, is a fir native to the mountains of Europe, from the Pyrenees north to Normandy, east to the Alps and the Carpathians, Slovakia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Serbia, and south to Italy, Bulgaria, Kosovo, Albania and northern Greece.
San Lázaro
San Lázaro is a town in the Concepción department of Paraguay. Located 660 km from Asunción and 190 km from departmental capital Concepción, its population was 9060 in 2002.

Located at the confluence of rivers Paraguay and  Apa. The main area of activity is the manufacture of lime.

Concepción, Paraguay
Concepción (Spanish pronunciation: [konseβˈsjon]) is a city and district in northern Paraguay and capital of the Concepción Department. It is situated next to the Paraguay River.

Founded in 1773 by Governor Agustín Fernando de Pinedo, the town prospered in the early years of the 20th century as a river port and a center for the north of the country, exploiting the new wealth of the Gran Chaco. The town also played an important role in the Paraguayan Civil War of 1947. The city is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Concepción en Paraguay.
Janet Rideout
Janet Rideout is an American organic chemist and one of the scientists who discovered that azidothymidine (AZT) could be used as an antiretroviral agent to treat Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). She also played a key role in the development of acyclovir, the first effective treatment for herpes simplex virus.

Gertrude B. Elion
Gertrude "Trudy" Belle Elion (January 23, 1918 – February 21, 1999) was an American biochemist and pharmacologist, who shared the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with George H. Hitchings and Sir James Black for their use of innovative methods of rational drug design for the development of new drugs. This new method focused on understanding the target of the drug rather than simply using trial-and-error. Her work led to the creation of the anti-retroviral drug AZT, which was the first drug widely used against AIDS. Her well known works also include the development of the first immunosuppressive drug, azathioprine, used to fight rejection in organ transplants, and the first successful antiviral drug, acyclovir (ACV), used in the treatment of herpes infection.
Kahlheid
The Kahlheid near Morscheid-Riedenburg in the Idar Forest (Hunsrück) is a mountain, 766 m above sea level (NHN), on the boundary between the counties of  Birkenfeld and Bernkastel-Wittlich in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate.

The mountain is the third highest in Rhineland-Palatinate after the Erbeskopf (816.3 m), 2.6 km to the southwest and its southwestern subpeak, the Springenkopf (784.2 m), in the Schwarzwälder Hochwald, and the peak of An den zwei Steinen (766.2 m), 12 km to the northeast (both distances as the crow flies), also in the Idar Forest.

Morbach
Morbach is a municipality that belongs to no Verbandsgemeinde – a kind of collective municipality – in the Bernkastel-Wittlich district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is also a state-recognized climatic resort (Luftkurort).
Gabilan Acres, California
Gabilan Acres (Gabilán, Spanish for "Sparrow hawk") is an unincorporated community in Monterey County, California. It is located on San Juan Grade Road northeast of Salinas and Bolsa Knolls and 6.5 miles (10 km) west of Fremont Peak, at an elevation of 203 feet (62 m). The Gabilan Acres subdivision was laid out in 1940 and planned as a race-restricted community. By 1948 the neighborhood had 48 homeowners and children attended school in nearby Santa Rita. In 1964, The Californian newspaper recognized Gabilan as one of nine unincorporated subdivisions outside Salinas, along with Santa Rita, Oak Park, San Juan Acres, Bolsa Knolls, Spreckels, Pedrazzi, Pine Canyon, and San Benancio. In 1998 an 11-year-old girl was killed in her home in Gabilan Acres.

Fremont Peak (California)
Fremont Peak or Frémont Peak, historically known as Gabilán Peak, is a summit in the Gabilan Range, one of the mountain ranges paralleling California's central coast. The peak affords clear views of the Salinas Valley, Monterey Bay, the southern part of the Santa Clara Valley, and surrounding mountain ranges. It is located on Rocky Ridge, 11 miles (18 km) northeast of Salinas, California.

The peak is the site of Fremont Peak State Park which was established with 188 acres (76 ha) in 1936. Today the park has camping and picnic facilities,
and is favored by astronomers for its clear views unsullied by artificial light. The Fremont Peak Observatory Association maintains a 30-inch (760 mm) diameter f/4.8 Newtonian "Challenger" telescope which was built by  telescope maker Kevin Medlock in the early 1980s.
The peak is also the site of the transmitters for television stations such as KSBW
and KCBA
and for radio stations such as KDON-FM.
E-ZPass Minnesota
E-ZPass Minnesota, formerly MnPass, is the brand name associated with a series of high occupancy toll lanes (HO/T lanes) and electronic toll collection (ETC) system in the Minneapolis-St. Paul Metropolitan Area of Minnesota. The lanes and the ETC system are owned by the Minnesota Department of Transportation (MnDOT) and fully compatible with the multi-state E-ZPass network.

Solo drivers who are registered under the E-ZPass program and have a toll transponder are allowed to pay a toll to use the lanes during operating hours. Vehicles with two or more occupants, buses, and motorcycles may use the lanes for free without requiring a toll transponder.

Minnesota State Highway 100
Minnesota State Highway 100 (MN 100) is a state highway in the Twin Cities region of Minnesota, which runs from its interchange with Interstate 494 (I-494) in Bloomington and continues north to its northern terminus at its interchange with I-694 in Brooklyn Center. The southern end of MN 100 continues in Bloomington as Normandale Boulevard (County Road 34, CR 34). At the north end, the main line of MN 100 merges with I-694 in Brooklyn Center. The route is 16 miles (26 km) in length.