hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Organization X
The Organization X (Greek: Οργάνωσις Χ; commonly referred to simply as X ("Chi" in Greek), and members as Chites (Χίτες)) was a paramilitary right-wing anti-communist royalist organization set up in 1941 during the Axis occupation of Greece.

Initially an anti-Axis resistance organization, it gradually shifted its focus towards anti-communism. In 1951, X was officially recognized as a National Organization of Internal Resistance by the Greek Ministry of National Defense.

Following the end of the Axis occupation, it played an active role in the persecution of communists during the White Terror and various military operations of the Greek Civil War, most notably the Dekemvriana.

EDES
The National Republican Greek League (Greek: Εθνικός Δημοκρατικός Ελληνικός Σύνδεσμος (ΕΔΕΣ), Ethnikós Dimokratikós Ellinikós Sýndesmos (EDES)) was an anti-Nazi resistance group formed during the Axis occupation of Greece during World War II.

The largest of the non-communist resistance groups, its military wing, the National Groups of Greek Guerrillas (Εθνικές Ομάδες Ελλήνων Ανταρτών, Ethnikés Omádes Ellínon Antartón (ΕΟΕΑ)) concentrated its military activities in Epirus. From 1943 onwards, EDES came into confrontation with the communist-led National Liberation Front, beginning a series of civil conflicts that would lead to the Greek Civil War.
2026 Asian Para Games
The 2026 Asian Para Games (Japanese: 2026年アジアパラ競技大会, romanized: 2026-Nen ajiapara kyōgi taikai), also known as the 5th Asian Para Games and commonly known as Aichi-Nagoya 2026, will be a multi-sport event that parallel the 2026 Asian Games which will be held for Asian athletes with disabilities celebrated around Aichi Prefecture in Japan from 18 to 24 October 2026. Nagoya will be the first Japanese city to host the Asian Para Games. The event is set to return to its traditional four-year cycle, after the 2022 edition was postponed to 2023 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Asian Para Games
The Asian Para Games, also known as Para Asiad, is a multi-sport event regulated by the Asian Paralympic Committee that's held every four years after every Asian Games for athletes with physical disabilities. Both events had adopted the strategy used by the Olympic and Paralympic Games of having both games in the same city. However, the exclusion of Asian Para Games from Asian Games host city contract meant that both events ran independently of each other. The Games are recognized by the International Paralympic Committee and are described as the second largest multi-sport event after the Paralympic Games.

In its history, three nations have hosted the Asian Para Games and forty-four nations have participated in the Games.

The most recent games was held in Hangzhou, China between 22 and 28 October 2023. The next games are scheduled to be held in Nagoya, Japan from 18 to 24 October 2026.
King's Cliffe railway station
King's Cliffe railway station is a former railway station in King's Cliffe, Northamptonshire. It was owned by the London and North Western Railway, being situated on their line between Market Harborough and Peterborough, but from 1883 to 1916 was also served by trains of the Great Northern Railway.

The station was opened on 1 November 1879 and closed to passengers on 6 June 1966. On that date the section from Rugby (Midland) to Kings Cliffe was closed completely, but the line east of Kings Cliffe station remained open for goods traffic. On 3 June 1968 Kings Cliffe station was closed to goods along with the track to Nassington station where a private siding and the line to Yarwell Junction at Wansford remained in use until 1971 to serve a sand and gravel quarry.

Peterborough East railway station
Peterborough East was a railway station in Peterborough, England. It was opened on 2 June 1845 and closed to passenger traffic on 6 June 1966. Located on East Station Road just off Town Bridge, only the engine sheds remain. The station had services running west to Northampton and Rugby, as well as to the east to March, Wisbech, and Norwich.
Harla kingdom
The Harla kingdom was a sixth-century Harla state centered around what is present day eastern Ethiopia. It is regarded as the most powerful state in the region after the fall of the adjacent Kingdom of Axum in the 7th century. Its territory stretched from Great Rift Valley in southern Ethiopia to the northern area of modern Djibouti prior to the advent of Islam in the region. Timothy Insoll identifies the Harlaa ruins to be Hubat the capital of the Harla state, a subordinate of Ifat Sultanate in the thirteenth century and later under the Adal Sultanate as an autonomous tribal confederation in the fifteenth century. Researcher Dominico Patassini states the Harla kingdom was succeeded by Harar city-state in the sixteenth century.

Sultanate of Ifat
The Sultanate of Ifat, known as Wafāt or Awfāt in Arabic texts, or the Kingdom of Zeila was a medieval Sunni Muslim state in the eastern regions of the Horn of Africa between the late 13th century and early 15th century.  It was formed in present-day Ethiopia around eastern Shewa in Ifat. Led by the Walashma dynasty, the polity stretched from Zequalla to the port city of Zeila. The kingdom ruled over parts of what are now Ethiopia, Djibouti, Somaliland, Somalia.
Madhouse (ride)
A Madhouse is a flat ride usually manufactured by Vekoma. A similar attraction under the name Mystery Swing is created by Mack Rides. The ride is designed to be an optical and physical illusion, consisting of several rows of seats attached to a swaying gondola within a rotating drum. The ride creates the impression that the rider is turning upside down, whereas it is actually the room that is moving around them.

The ride is a modern implementation of a haunted swing illusion.

Vekoma
Vekoma Rides Manufacturing is a Dutch amusement ride manufacturer. Vekoma is a syllabic abbreviation of Veld Koning Machinefabriek (Veld Koning Machine Factory) which was established in 1926 by Hendrik op het Veld.
Platonic hydrocarbon
In organic chemistry, a Platonic hydrocarbon is a hydrocarbon whose structure matches one of the five Platonic solids, with carbon atoms replacing its vertices, carbon–carbon bonds replacing its edges, and hydrogen atoms as needed.

Not all Platonic solids have molecular hydrocarbon counterparts; those that do are the tetrahedron (tetrahedrane), the cube (cubane), and the dodecahedron (dodecahedrane). The possibility and existence of each platonic hydrocarbon is affected by the number of bonds to each carbon vertex and the angle strain between the bonds at each vertex.

Tetrahedron
In geometry, a tetrahedron (pl.: tetrahedra or tetrahedrons), also known as a  triangular pyramid, is a polyhedron composed of four triangular faces, six straight edges, and four vertices. The tetrahedron is the simplest of all the ordinary convex polyhedra.

The tetrahedron is the three-dimensional case of the more general concept of a Euclidean simplex, and may thus also be called a 3-simplex.

The tetrahedron is one kind of pyramid, which is a polyhedron with a flat polygon base and triangular faces connecting the base to a common point. In the case of a tetrahedron, the base is a triangle (any of the four faces can be considered the base), so a tetrahedron is also known as a "triangular pyramid".

Like all convex polyhedra, a tetrahedron can be folded from a single sheet of paper. It has two such nets.

For any tetrahedron there exists a sphere (called the circumsphere) on which all four vertices lie, and another sphere (the insphere) tangent to the tetrahedron's faces.
Gamma correction
Gamma correction or gamma is a nonlinear operation used to encode and decode luminance in video or images.

Gamma correction is, in the simplest cases, defined by the following power-law expression:

where the non-negative real input value  is raised to the power  and multiplied by the constant A to get the output value . In the common case of A = 1, inputs and outputs are typically in the range 0–1.

A gamma value  is sometimes called an encoding gamma, and the process of encoding with this compressive power-law nonlinearity is called gamma compression; conversely, a gamma value  is called a decoding gamma, and the application of the expansive power-law nonlinearity is called gamma expansion.

Palette (computing)
In computer graphics, a palette is the set of available colors from which an image can be made.  In some systems, the palette is fixed by the hardware design, and in others it is dynamic, typically implemented via a color lookup table (CLUT), a correspondence table in which selected colors from a certain color space's color reproduction range are assigned an index, by which they can be referenced. By referencing the colors via an index, which takes less information than needed to describe the actual colors in the color space, this technique aims to reduce data usage, including processing, transfer bandwidth, RAM usage, and storage. Images in which colors are indicated by references to a CLUT are called indexed color images.
WTA Lyon Open
The WTA Lyon Open (sponsored by 6ème Sens) was a tournament for female professional tennis players that was held annually, debuting in the 2020 season. It was categorized as an WTA 250 level tournament and was part of the WTA Tour. The tournament was played on indoor hardcourts.

WTA 250 tournaments
WTA 250 is a category of tennis tournaments in the Women's Tennis Association tour, implemented since the reorganization of the schedule in 2021. Earlier these events were classified as WTA International Tournaments.

The ranking points awarded to the winners of these tournaments are 250. This compares to 2,000 points for winning a Grand Slam tournament ("Major"), up to 1,500 points for winning the WTA Finals, 1000 points for winning a WTA 1000 tournament, and 500 for winning a WTA 500 tournament.

At their introduction in 2021, WTA 250 tournaments' prize money was approximately $250,000. As of 2025 season, this has risen to $275,094. All tournaments have a 32 player main draw for singles and a 16 team main draw for doubles.
Paul Shrivastava
Paul Shrivastava is professor of management and organizations, at the Pennsylvania State University. He served as chief sustainability officer and director of the Sustainability Institute, until July 1, 2022. In November 2023 he was elected as co-president of the Club of Rome. Previously he was the executive director of Future Earth, an international sustainability research program. Before that, he was distinguished professor and director of the David O'Brien Centre for Sustainable Enterprise at Concordia University.

Indian Institute of Management Shillong
Indian Institute of Management Shillong (IIM Shillong or IIM-S) is a public, fully autonomous management institute in the city of Shillong, Meghalaya. It was the seventh Indian Institute of Management to be established in India.

Founded in 2007, IIM Shillong offers postgraduate, doctoral, and executive programmes in management education, and Management Development Programmes (MDPs) spanning different streams of management. Admissions to the institute are based on scores obtained in the Common Admission Test (CAT) and further an extempore and personal interview rounds. In addition, from 2025, the institute also admits students to the Integrated Programme in Management (IPM), a five-year course, through the IPMAT (IIM Indore) entrance examination.The institute also has a Centre for Development of North Eastern Region (CEDNER), constituted to offer programmes relevant to the local community and society of the state and the region.
Welgelegen, Coronie District
Welgelegen is a resort in Suriname, located in the Coronie District. Its population was 593 at the 2012 census. Welgelegen began as a cotton plantation in 1824. The church of Welgelegen was consecrated on 1 November 1883 but was not originally built at its current location; it was first erected at Cardross Park and later moved. The church is no longer in service. The villages of Jenny and Mary's Hope are also located in the Welgelegen resort.

Resorts of Suriname
The ten districts of Suriname are divided into 63 resorts (Dutch: ressorten). Within the capital city of Paramaribo, a resort entails a neighbourhood; in other cases it is more akin to a municipality, consisting of a central place with a few settlements around it. The resorts in the Sipaliwini District are especially large, since the interior of Suriname is sparsely inhabited.

The average resort is about 2,600 square kilometres (1,000 sq mi) and has almost 8,000 inhabitants. According to article 161 of the Constitution of Suriname, the highest political body of the resort is the resort council. Elections for the resort council are held every five years and are usually at the same time as the Suriname general elections.
Jewish business ethics
Jewish business ethics is a form of applied Jewish ethics that examines ethical issues that arise in a business environment. It is noted  that in the Torah, there are over 100 Mitzvot concerning the kashrut (fitness) of one's money, many more, in fact, than concerning the kashrut of food.  The subject thus receives an extensive treatment in Rabbinic literature, both from an ethical (Mussar) and a legal (Halakha) point of view.

Torah im Derech Eretz
Torah im Derech Eretz (Hebrew: תורה עם דרך ארץ – Torah with "the way of the land") is a phrase common in Rabbinic literature referring to various aspects of one's interaction with the wider world.  The term also refers to a philosophy of Orthodox Judaism articulated by Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch (1808–1888), which formalizes a relationship between traditionally observant Judaism and the modern world. The resultant mode of Orthodox Judaism is sometimes termed Neo-Orthodoxy or, in some historiographies, Frankfurter Orthodoxy.
Argentina men's national under-23 volleyball team
The Argentina men's national under-23 volleyball team represents Argentina in men's under-23 volleyball events, it is controlled and managed by the Argentinian Volleyball federation that is a member of South American volleyball body Confederación Sudamericana de Voleibol (CSV) and the international volleyball body government the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB).

Argentine Volleyball Federation
The Argentine Volleyball Federation (Spanish: Federación del Voleibol Argentino, mostly known for its acronym FeVA) is the body which governs the sport of volleyball in Argentina. The Federation controls and organises national championships at senior and youth levels, and is responsible for the men's and women's national teams

The FeVA also controls the practise of similar disciplines such as beach volley.
Queer erasure
Queer erasure or LGBTQ erasure refers to the tendency to intentionally or unintentionally remove LGBTQ groups or people from record, or downplay their significance, which includes lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer people. This erasure can be found in a number of written and oral texts, including popular and scholarly texts.

Aromanticism
Aromanticism is a romantic orientation characterized by experiencing little to no romantic attraction. The term "aromantic", colloquially shortened to "aro", refers to a person whose romantic orientation is aromanticism.
It is distinct from, though often confused with, asexuality, the lack of sexual attraction.
Malita
Malita, officially the Municipality of Malita (Cebuano: Lungsod sa Malita; Filipino: Bayan ng Malita),  is a municipality and capital of the province of Davao Occidental, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 118,197 people making it the most populous town in the province.

Malita is known for various cultural arts and heritage of its people and tribes. Gaginaway Festival is celebrated annually every full moon on the month of November and Araw ng Malita is celebrated annually on November 17, the day of its establishment's enactment in 1936.

Davao (province)
Davao, officially the Province of Davao (Spanish: Provincia de Dávao; Cebuano: Lalawigan sa Dabaw), was a province in the Philippines on the island of Mindanao. The old province is coterminous with the present-day Davao Region or Region XI. It was divided into three provinces of Davao del Norte, Davao Oriental, and Davao del Sur with the passage of Philippine Republic Act No. 4867 on May 8, 1967. Two more provinces, Compostela Valley (now Davao de Oro) and Davao Occidental, were carved out of the territories of Davao del Norte and Davao del Sur respectively. The descendant provinces were reorganized into the current region in 2001.

It was one of the largest, most populous and prosperous provinces in the country during its time, being settled by immigrants from the Luzon and the Visayas.
Belle Plaine, Saskatchewan
Belle Plaine (2016 population: 85) is a village in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within the Rural Municipality of Pense No. 160 and Census Division No. 6. Belle Plaine is located on Highway 1 (also known as the Trans Canada Highway), 21 kilometres east of the City of Moose Jaw in south-central Saskatchewan. Buffalo Pound Provincial Park and Regina Beach are located near Belle Plaine.

Buffalo Pound Provincial Park
Buffalo Pound Provincial Park is in southern Saskatchewan, Canada, about 30 kilometres (19 mi) north-east of Moose Jaw and 86 kilometres (53 mi) north-west of the city of Regina. Access to the provincial park is from Highways 301 and 202.

The park centres on Buffalo Pound Lake, a prairie lake formed from glaciation about 10,000 years ago. Seasonal recreation activities include swimming (two public beaches and a pool), camping, fishing, mini-golf, biking, hiking, and access to the Trans Canada Trail. The park also features a captive herd of buffalo, along with the Nicolle Flats Marsh where a variety of wildlife can be observed. There is also a trout pond, known as Buffalo Pond, which is stocked with rainbow, brown, and tiger trout.
Niagara Escarpment Biosphere Reserve
The Niagara Escarpment Biosphere Reserve (French: Réserve de biosphère de l'Escarpement du Niagara) (established 1990) is a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve located in Ontario, Canada.  The reserve stretches 725 kilometres (450 mi) along the Niagara Escarpment from Lake Ontario (near Niagara Falls) to the tip of the Bruce Peninsula (between Georgian Bay and Lake Huron). The Escarpment corridor crosses two major biomes: needle leaf forests in the north and temperate broadleaf forest in the south.

Georgian Bay
Georgian Bay (French: Baie Georgienne) is a large bay of Lake Huron. It is located entirely within the borders of Ontario, Canada. The main body of the bay lies east of the Bruce Peninsula and Manitoulin Island. To its northwest is the North Channel.

Georgian Bay is surrounded by (listed clockwise) the districts of Manitoulin, Sudbury, Parry Sound and Muskoka, as well as the more populous counties of Simcoe, Grey and Bruce. The Main Channel separates the Bruce Peninsula from Manitoulin Island and connects Georgian Bay to the rest of Lake Huron. The North Channel, located between Manitoulin Island and the Sudbury District, west of Killarney, was once a popular route for steamships and is now used by a variety of pleasure craft to travel to and from Georgian Bay.

The shores and waterways of Georgian Bay are the traditional domain of the Anishinaabeg First Nations peoples to the north and Huron-Petun (Wyandot) to the south. The bay was thus a major Algonquian-Iroquoian trade route.
Science Fictions
Science Fictions: How Fraud, Bias, Negligence, and Hype Undermine the Search for Truth is a 2020 non-fiction book on issues undermining scientific research by Scottish psychologist Stuart J. Ritchie. It was published by Metropolitan Books on July 14, 2020 and is Ritchie's second book. Science Fictions was nominated for the £25,000 Royal Society Prize for Science Books but lost out to Merlin Sheldrake's Entangled Life.

Entangled Life
Entangled Life: How Fungi Make Our Worlds, Change Our Minds and Shape Our Futures is a 2020 non-fiction book on mycology by British biologist Merlin Sheldrake. His first book, it was published by Random House on 12 May 2020. Among the several accolades the book and author have received was the 2021 Royal Society Prize for Science Books.
2002 French Formula Three Championship
The 2002 French Formula Three season was the 35th and the final French Formula Three Championship season. It began on 31 March at Nogaro and ended on 20 October at Magny-Cours after fourteen races.

Tristan Gommendy of ASM won races at Lédenon, Albi, Le Mans, Magny-Cours and had another five podiums and ultimately clinched the title. He finished 17 points clear of ARTA/Signature driver Renaud Derlot, who won Nogaro, Lédenon and Magny-Cours races. Third place went to Gommendy's teammate Olivier Pla, who finished on the first position at Croix-en-Ternois and Le Mans. Bruno Besson, Derek Hayes and Yuji Ide were another race winners.

French Formula Three Championship
The French Formula Three Championship was a motor racing series for Formula Three cars held in France between 1964 and 2002. The series was merged with the German Formula Three Championship in 2003 to form the Formula 3 Euro Series.
Descent direction
In optimization, a descent direction is a vector  that points towards a local minimum  of an objective function .

Computing  by an iterative method, such as line search defines a descent direction  at the th iterate to be any  such that , where  denotes the inner product. The motivation for such an approach is that small steps along  guarantee that  is reduced, by Taylor's theorem.

Using this definition, the negative of a non-zero gradient is always a
descent direction, as .

Numerous methods exist to compute descent directions, all with differing merits, such as gradient descent or the conjugate gradient method.

More generally, if  is a positive definite matrix, then
 is a descent direction at . This generality is used in preconditioned gradient descent methods.

Mathematical optimization
Mathematical optimization (alternatively spelled optimisation) or mathematical programming is the selection of a best element, with regard to some criteria, from some set of available alternatives. It is generally divided into two subfields: discrete optimization and continuous optimization. Optimization problems arise in all quantitative disciplines from computer science and engineering to operations research and economics, and the development of solution methods has been of interest in mathematics for centuries.

In the more general approach, an optimization problem consists of maximizing or minimizing a real function by systematically choosing input values from within an allowed set and computing the value of the function. The generalization of optimization theory and techniques to other formulations constitutes a large area of applied mathematics.
Kalenjin name
Kalenjin names (sing. kainet, pl. old Kalenjin - kainok pl. modern Kalenjin - kainaik) are primarily used by the Kalenjin people of Kenya and Kalenjin language-speaking communities such as Murle in Ethiopia, Sebei of Uganda, Datooga, Akie and Aramanik of Tanzania.

The Kalenjin traditionally had two primary names for the individual, though in contemporary times, a Christian or Arabic name is also given at birth, such that most Kalenjin today have three names with the patronym Arap (in some cases being acquired later in life, e.g Alfred Kirwa Yego and Daniel Toroitch arap Moi).

Sebei people
The Sebei are a tribe of the Kalenjin speaking peoples inhabiting eastern Uganda. They speak Kupsabiny, a dialect of the Kalenjin languages. The Sapiiny live in the districts of Bukwo, Kween and Kapchorwa.