hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
West Russianism
West Russianism (Russian: западнорусизм, zapadnorusizm; Belarusian: заходнерусізм, zakhodnierusizm) is a historical and ideological movement in the scientific, socio-political, ethno-confessional, and cultural life of the Northwestern Krai of the Russian Empire (modern Belarus). It is based on the postulate that Belarusians are not a distinct people, but an ethnographic group of the triune Russian nation, and that Belarus is an integral regional part of Russia. It is the Belarusian analogue to the concept of Little Russian identity, which played a significant role in the self-identification of the southwestern governorates of the Russian Empire. The ideology emerged in the late 1830s and expanded significantly after the suppression of the January Uprising (1863–1864).

Grodno Governorate
Grodno Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Northwestern Krai of the Russian Empire, with its capital in Grodno. It encompassed 38,671.5 square kilometres (14,931.1 mi2) in area and consisted of a population of 1,603,409 inhabitants by 1897. Grodno Governorate was bordered by Suwałki Governorate to the north, Vilna Governorate to the northeast, Minsk Governorate to the east, Volhynia Governorate to the south, Kholm Governorate to the west, and Łomża Governorate to the northwest. The governorate covered the areas of modern-day Grodno Region of Belarus, part of the Podlaskie Voivodeship of Poland, and a small part of Druskininkai, Lazdijai and Varėna districts of Lithuania.
Bibliotheca Hagiographica Latina
The Bibliotheca Hagiographica Latina (BHL) is a catalogue of Latin hagiographic materials, including ancient literary works on the saints' lives, the translations of their relics, and their miracles, arranged alphabetically by saint.  The listings include manuscripts, incipits, and printed editions.  The first edition (1898-1901) and supplement (1911) were edited by the Bollandists, which included the Jesuit scholar Hippolyte Delehaye.  The most recent supplement is the product of a single editor, the Polish Jesuit Henryk Fros, also Bollandist.

The Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca and Bibliotheca Hagiographica Orientalis catalogue hagiography, respectively, written in Greek and Middle Eastern languages.

Bollandist
The Society of Bollandists (Latin: Societas Bollandistarum; French: Société des Bollandistes) is an association of scholars, philologists, and historians (originally all Jesuits, but now including non-Jesuits) who since the early seventeenth century have studied hagiography and the cult of the saints in Christianity. Their most important publication has been the Acta Sanctorum (The Acts of the Saints). They are named after the Flemish Jesuit Jean Bolland (1596–1665).
James Sanfey
James W. Sanfey (June 1922 – 2 April 2000) was an Irish Fine Gael politician and Army Commandant. He was a member of Seanad Éireann from 1973 to 1977. He was nominated by the Taoiseach to the 13th Seanad in 1973. He did not contest the 1977 Seanad election.

Sanfey was born in Dublin in June 1922 and grew up in Curzon Street, off the South Circular Road. He was educated at Synge Street CBS and at the Irish Military College at the Curragh Camp.

He died on 2 April 2000, aged 77.

13th Seanad
The 13th Seanad was in office from 1973 to 1977. An election to Seanad Éireann, the senate of the Oireachtas (Irish parliament), followed the 1973 general election to the 20th Dáil. The senators served until the close of poll for the 14th Seanad in 1977.
Tche
Tche (Ꚓ ꚓ; italics: Ꚓ ꚓ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script. The shape of the letter originated as a ligature of the Cyrillic letters Te (Т т Т т) and Che (Ч ч Ч ч).

Tche is used in the old Abkhaz alphabet, where it represents the palato-alveolar ejective affricate /t͡ʃʼ/. It corresponds to Ҷ.

Tche is also used in the old Komi language alphabet.

Che (Cyrillic)
Che (Ч ч; italics: Ч ч) is a letter of the Cyrillic script.

It commonly represents the voiceless postalveolar affricate /tʃ/, like the ⟨tch⟩ in "switch" or ⟨ch⟩ in "choice".

In English, it is romanized typically as ⟨ch⟩ but sometimes as ⟨tch⟩, like in French. In German, it can be transcribed as ⟨tsch⟩. In Slavic languages using the Latin Alphabet, it is transcribed as ⟨č⟩ so "Tchaikovsky" (Чайковский in Russian) may be transcribed as Chaykovskiy or Čajkovskij.
Embassy of New Zealand, Washington, D.C.
The Embassy of New Zealand in Washington, D.C., United States (in Māori: Te Kāinga o te Māngai o Aotearoa i Washington D.C.) is located at 37 Observatory Circle, Northwest, Washington, D.C. in the Embassy Row neighborhood.

The embassy also operates consulates general in Los Angeles, New York City, and Honolulu and honorary consulates in Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Houston, Sacramento, Salt Lake City, San Diego, San Francisco, Seattle, and Tamuning, which provide assistance to New Zealand citizens and issue travel visas to foreign nationals who intend to visit New Zealand.

New Zealand opened a legation in Washington, D.C., in October 1941 which was upgraded to an embassy in 1948.

Bede Corry was appointed New Zealand Ambassador to the United States on 6 July 2022.

Embassy Row
Embassy Row is the informal name for a section of Northwest Washington, D.C., with a high concentration of embassies, diplomatic missions, and diplomatic residences. It spans Massachusetts Avenue N.W. between 18th and 35th street, bounded by Scott Circle to the south and the United States Naval Observatory to the north; the term is often applied to nearby streets and neighborhoods that also host diplomatic buildings, such as Kalorama.

Of the 182 diplomatic missions in the city, the majority are located on or near Embassy Row, including those of Italy, Australia, India, Greece, Egypt, Ireland, Japan, and the United Kingdom. Due to the large number of well-preserved Gilded Age estates and townhouses, many of which house diplomatic missions or dignitaries, Embassy Row has been protected as part of the Massachusetts Avenue Historic District. Its historic and multicultural character has also made the area a center of tourism and local cultural life.
ATC code R05
ATC code R05 Cough and cold preparations is a therapeutic subgroup of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, a system of alphanumeric codes developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the classification of drugs and other medical products. Subgroup R05 is part of the anatomical group R Respiratory system.

Codes for veterinary use (ATCvet codes) can be created by placing the letter Q in front of the human ATC code: for example, QR05. ATCvet codes without corresponding human ATC codes are cited with the leading Q in the following list.National issues of the ATC classification may include additional codes not present in this list, which follows the WHO version.

ATC code R
ATC code R Respiratory system is a section of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, a system of alphanumeric codes developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the classification of drugs and other medical products.

Codes for veterinary use (ATCvet codes) can be created by placing the letter Q in front of the human ATC code: for example, QR. National issues of the ATC classification may include additional codes not present in this list, which follows the WHO version.
Gmina Janowiec Kościelny
Gmina Janowiec Kościelny is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Nidzica County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the village of Janowiec Kościelny, which lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) south-east of Nidzica and 55 km (34 mi) south of the regional capital Olsztyn.

The gmina covers an area of 136.25 square kilometres (52.6 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 3,443.

Nidzica
Nidzica (Polish: [ɲiˈd͡ʑit͡sa]; formerly Nibork; German: Neidenburg [ˈnaɪdn̩bʊʁk] ⓘ; Prussian: Nīdaspils) is a town in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship in north-central Poland, lying between Olsztyn and Mława, in Masuria. The capital of Nidzica County, its population in 2017 was 13,872.

Nidzica is a member of Cittaslow.
Macleod Point
Macleod Point (64°6′S 61°58′W﻿ / ﻿64.100°S 61.967°W﻿ / -64.100; -61.967) is a point forming the southeastern tip of Liège Island, in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica. It was shown on an Argentine government chart in 1957, but not named. The point was photographed from the air by Hunting Aerosurveys Ltd in 1956–57, and mapped from these photos by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1959. It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee for John Macleod, a Scottish physiologist who was one of the discoverers of insulin in 1922.

Liège Island
Liège Island (in English also Liege Island) is an island, 17 kilometres (9 nmi) long and 5.6 kilometres (3 nmi) wide, lying immediately northeast of Brabant Island in the Palmer Archipelago, and separated from Hoseason Island and Christiania Islands to the northeast by Croker Passage. Its interior is occupied by Brugmann Mountains.

Liège Island is located at 64°01′10″S 61°56′00″W﻿ / ﻿64.01944°S 61.93333°W﻿ / -64.01944; -61.93333. British mapping in 1978 and 1980.

The island was charted by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition (1897–1899) under Adrien de Gerlache, who named it for the province of Liège, Belgium.
Universities Research Reactor
Universities Research Reactor, also known as Universities' Research Reactor or University Research Reactor, was a small Argonaut class nuclear research reactor in Risley, Warrington, England that went critical on 7 July 1964. It was jointly owned and operated by Manchester and Liverpool universities and used for performing neutron activation work and training reactor operators.

Argonaut class reactor
The Argonaut class reactor is a design of small nuclear research reactor. Many have been built throughout the world, over a wide range of power levels. Its functions are to teach nuclear reactor theory, nuclear physics and for use in engineering laboratory experiments.
General Trade Union Federation
The General Trade Union Federation (Dutch: Algemene Vakcentrale, AVC) was a national trade union centre in the Netherlands.

The AVC was founded in June 1987, for civil servants who did not wish to join the larger social democratic or Christian federations.  It was organised on the initiative of the Civil Service Centre, and it attracted affiliates including the General Association of School Leaders, the Association of Technical Civil Servants, the Dutch Association of Municipal Civil Servants, the Independent Education Trade Organisation, and the Black Corps.

By 1995, the union had 105,833 members.  The important Federation of Government Personnel left that year to found the rival Association of Autonomous Trade Unions, leaving the federation with a single affiliate, the Dutch Independent Union of Public and Non-Profit Workers (NOVON).  In 1997, the federation was dissolved, and NOVON joined the Federation of Dutch Trade Unions.

Federation of Dutch Trade Unions
The Federation of Dutch Trade Unions (Dutch: Federatie Nederlandse Vakbeweging, FNV) is a national trade union centre in the Netherlands. The FNV is a significant player in the field of work and income. The trade union consists of a central federation, complemented by several sectoral unions representing specific professional groups and sectors. The FNV aims to safeguard the interests of employees, promote fair labor conditions, and protect workers' rights at the national level.
Richelsdorf Hills
The Richelsdorf Hills (German: Richelsdorfer Gebirge) is the name given to a landscape in the German Central Uplands. The terrain is up to 478.2 m above sea level (NHN) high and forms a landscape characterised by mining (copper shale, cobalt, nickel) in the county of Hersfeld-Rotenburg in East Hesse. Despite its German suffix Gebirge ("hill range") these hills are not a true hill range, but a cultural landscape. Locally this also includes the whole surrounding region in the southeast of the Fulda-Werra Uplands; parts of the county of Werra-Meißner-Kreis to the south and the extreme northwest of the Thuringian county of  Wartburgkreis are included.

Werra-Meißner-Kreis
Werra-Meißner is a Kreis (district) in the north of Hesse, Germany. Neighboring districts are Göttingen, Eichsfeld, Unstrut-Hainich-Kreis, Wartburgkreis, district-free Eisenach, Hersfeld-Rotenburg, Schwalm-Eder-Kreis, Kassel.
John Maron
John Maron (Arabic: يوحنا مارون, Youhana Maroun; Latin: Ioannes Maronus; Syriac: ܝܘܚܢܢ ܡܪܘܢ; 628, Sirmaniyah or Sarmin, Byzantine Empire – 707, Kfarhy), was a Syriac monk. and the first Maronite Patriarch. He is revered as a saint by the Catholic Church, especially the Maronite Church, and is commemorated on March 2. He died and was buried in Kfarhy near Batroun, in Lebanon, where a shrine is dedicated to him.

Jérôme Labourt, writing in the Catholic Encyclopedia says that John Maron's "very existence is extremely doubtful ... if he existed at all, it was as a simple monk". French theologian Eusèbe Renaudot similarly held doubts regarding John Maron's existence. Other scholarship has assessed John Maron as having existed and served as Maronite Patriarch when invasions by Byzantine emperor Justinian II were repulsed and the Maronite people gained a greater degree of political independence.

Justinian II
Justinian II (Greek: Ἰουστινιανός, romanized: Ioustinianós; Latin: Iustinianus; 668/69 – 4 November 711), nicknamed "the Slit-Nosed" (Greek: ὁ Ῥινότμητος, romanized: ho Rhīnótmētos), was the last Byzantine emperor of the Heraclian dynasty, reigning from 685 to 695 and again from 705 to 711. Like his namesake, Justinian I, Justinian II was an ambitious and passionate ruler who was keen to restore the Roman Empire to its former glories. However, he responded brutally to any opposition to his will and lacked the finesse of his father, Constantine IV.  Consequently, he generated enormous opposition to his reign, resulting in his deposition in 695 in a popular uprising. He only returned to the throne in 705 with the help of a Bulgarian army. His second reign was even more despotic than the first, and in 711 he was killed by mutinous soldiers.
Mitochondrial apoptosis-induced channel
The mitochondrial apoptosis-induced channel (or MAC), is an early marker of the onset of apoptosis.  This ion channel is formed on the outer mitochondrial membrane in response to certain apoptotic stimuli.  MAC activity is detected by patch clamping mitochondria from apoptotic cells at the time of cytochrome c release.

Members of the Bcl-2 protein family regulate apoptosis by controlling the formation of MAC: the pro-apoptotic members Bax and/or Bak form MAC, whereas the anti-apoptotic members like Bcl-2 or Bcl-xL prevent MAC formation.  Once formed, MAC mediates the release of cytochrome c to the cytosol, triggering the commitment step of the mitochondrial apoptotic cascade.  Depletion of MAC activity is accomplished pharmacologically by specific compounds, namely Bax channel inhibitors and MAC inhibitors.  Either by knocking down MAC's main components or by its pharmacological inhibition, the end result is prevention of cytochrome c release and apoptosis.

Cytochrome c
The cytochrome complex, or cyt c, is a small hemeprotein found loosely associated with the inner membrane of the mitochondrion, where it plays a critical role in cellular respiration. 
It transfers electrons between Complexes III (Coenzyme Q – Cyt c reductase) and IV (Cyt c oxidase). Cytochrome c is highly water-soluble, unlike other cytochromes. It is capable of undergoing oxidation and reduction as its iron atom converts between the ferrous and ferric forms, but does not bind oxygen.  It also plays a major role in cell apoptosis. In humans, cytochrome c is encoded by the CYCS gene.
Johannelund metro station
Johannelund metro station is a station on the Green line of the Stockholm metro. It is located in the district of Vinsta, which is part of the borough of Hässelby-Vällingby in the west of the city of Stockholm. The distance to Slussen is 17 km (11 mi).

The station was inaugurated on 1 November 1956 as part of an extension from Vällingby to Hässelby gård. Up until October 1997 the station was only in use in the daytime, and was closed weekends. It is the only Stockholm metro station with side platforms instead of the island platform present at most other stations.

Only 700 passengers travel from Johannelund station daily, making it the least used in the Stockholm metro.

Green line (Stockholm metro)
The Green Line (Swedish: Gröna linjen) is the oldest of the three Stockholm Metro lines. The 41.256-kilometre (25.635 mi) long line comprises a single double-tracked line north of the city centre, splitting into three branches south of the city centre. The first section of the line opened as a metro in 1950, making it the first and oldest metro line in the Nordic countries, although some parts of the line date back to the 1930s and were originally used by the Stockholm tramway.
2025 Frederikshavn municipal election
The 2025 Frederikshavn Municipal election was held on November 18, 2025, to elect the 29 members to sit in the regional council for the Frederikshavn Municipal council, in the period of 2026 to 2029.
The result saw significant gains for Venstre and Green Left, while the A had a significant drop in vote share, losing 10 seats.  This would mark the first time since the structural reform in 2007, that the party was not the largest in the municipality. Eventually it was revealed that they would lose the mayoral position to Venstre.

Venstre (Denmark)
Venstre (Danish: [ˈvenstʁɐ], lit. 'Left', V), full name Venstre, Danmarks Liberale Parti (English: Left, Denmark's Liberal Party), is a conservative-liberal, agrarian political party in Denmark. Founded as part of a peasants' movement against the landed aristocracy, today it espouses an economically liberal, pro-free-market ideology.

Venstre is the major party of the centre-right in Denmark, and the second-largest party in the country. The party has produced many Prime Ministers. In the 2022 general elections, Venstre received 13.3% of the vote and 23 out of 179 seats. Following the resignation of Jakob Ellemann-Jensen, the party is led by Troels Lund Poulsen who serves as the country's Deputy Prime Minister. Since December 2022, the party has been a junior partner in the second Frederiksen government.

The party is a member of Liberal International and the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) and has four MEPs in the European Parliament.
2017–18 Incarnate Word Cardinals men's basketball team
The 2017–18 Incarnate Word Cardinals men's basketball team represented the University of the Incarnate Word during the 2017–18 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Cardinals were led by 12th-year head coach Ken Burmeister and played their home games at McDermott Convocation Center in San Antonio, Texas as members of the Southland Conference. The Cardinals finished the season 7–21, 2–16 in Southland play to finish in a tie for 11th place. They failed to qualify for the Southland tournament.

The season marked the Cardinals' first full season as a Division I school after a four-year transition period from Division II to Division I and were thus eligible for postseason play.

On March 6, 2018, the school announced that head coach Ken Burmeister would not return as head coach. The Cardinals hired Carson Cunningham from Carroll College of the NAIA as the new head coach on March 22, 2018.

2018 Southland Conference men's basketball tournament
The 2018 Southland Conference men's basketball tournament was the postseason men's basketball tournament that completes 2017–18 season in the Southland Conference. The tournament was held at the Merrell Center in Katy, Texas from March 7–10, 2018.

Stephen F. Austin won the tournament by defeating Southeastern Louisiana in the championship game. As a result, the Lumberjacks received the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament.
Formes fixes
The formes fixes (French: [fɔʁm fiks]; singular: forme fixe, "fixed form") are the three 14th- and 15th-century French poetic forms: the ballade, rondeau, and virelai. Each was also a musical form, generally a chanson, and all consisted of a complex pattern of repetition of verses and a refrain with musical content in two main sections.

All three forms can be found in 13th-century sources, but a 15th-century source gives Philippe de Vitry as their first composer while the first comprehensive repertory of these forms was written by Guillaume de Machaut. The formes fixes stopped being used in music around the end of the 15th century, although their influence continued (in poetry they, especially the rondeau, continued to be used).

Sometimes forms from other countries and periods are referred to as formes fixes. These include the Italian 14th-century madrigal and later ballata and barzelletta, the German bar form, Spanish 13th-century cantiga, and the later canción, and villancico.

Verse (poetry)
A verse is formally a single metrical line in a poetic composition. However, verse has come to represent any grouping of lines in a poetic composition, with groupings traditionally having been referred to as stanzas.

Verse in the uncountable (mass noun) sense refers to poetry in contrast to prose. Where the common unit of verse is based on meter or rhyme, the common unit of prose is purely grammatical, such as a sentence or paragraph.

Verse in the second sense is also used pejoratively in contrast to poetry to suggest work that is too pedestrian or too incompetent to be classed as poetry.
Milbrulong
Milbrulong is a locality in the central east part of the Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia.

The locality is 515 kilometres (320 mi) south west of the state capital, Sydney and 59 kilometres (37 mi) south west of the regional centre Wagga Wagga in the Lockhart Shire local government area. The standard gauge Oaklands railway line passes through the locality. The Milbrulong State Forest is located nearby.

At the 2006 census, Milbrulong had a population of 366.

Oaklands railway line, New South Wales
The Oaklands railway line is a partly-closed railway line in New South Wales, Australia. It is a branch of the Main South line at The Rock, and heads in a south-westerly direction through the towns of Boree Creek and Urana, terminating at Oaklands.

The line opened to Lockhart in 1901, and to Oaklands in 1912. Passenger services were withdrawn in 1974, and the line is now closed beyond Boree Creek. Grain haulage provides the main traffic on the line.

From Oaklands, a line heads south to the Victorian border on the Murray River, and then to Benalla, Victoria. That line was formerly Victorian broad gauge, but was converted to standard gauge in 2009.
Alexsandro (footballer, born 1999)
Alexsandro Victor de Souza Ribeiro (born 9 August 1999), known simply as Alexsandro (Brazilian Portuguese: [aˌlekˈsɐ̃dɾʊ]) is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Ligue 1 club Lille and the Brazil national team. After being called up for the Brazil national team for the first time in June 2025, he began to be called Alex Ribeiro by the Brazilian media to differentiate him from his teammate Alex Sandro.

2021–22 Liga Portugal 2
The 2021–22 Liga Portugal 2, also known as Liga Portugal SABSEG for sponsorship reasons, was the 32nd season of Portuguese football's second-tier league, and the second season under the current Liga Portugal 2 title. A total of 18 teams were competing in this division, including reserve sides from top-flight Primeira Liga teams.