hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Naismith's rule
Naismith's rule helps with the planning of a walking or hiking expedition by calculating how long it will take to travel the intended route, including any extra time taken when walking uphill. This rule of thumb was devised by William W. Naismith, a Scottish mountaineer, in 1892. A modern version can be formulated as follows:

Allow one hour for every 3 miles (5 km) forward, plus an additional hour for every 2,000 feet (600 m) of ascent.

Scrambling
In mountaineering, scrambling is ascending steep terrain using one's hands to assist in holds and balance. It can be described as being between hiking and rock climbing. "A scramble" is a related term, denoting terrain that could be ascended in this way.

Sure-footedness and a head for heights are essential. Canyoning and stream climbing both involve scrambling.
Jessie Island
Jessie Island is about 80 km north of Dunk Island and east of the Cowley Beach Training area (established 1977) and north of the South Barnard Islands.

Jessie Island is north of Kent Island and is part of the North Barnard Islands. It is around 3 hectares or 0.03 square km in size.

This island is protected by the Department of Environment and Heritage Protection due to the migratory birds that rest on the island.

Jessie Island is a popular kayaking location and there have been sightings of humpback whales.

In early World War II, Jessie Island was used as a Russian temporary airforce landing point.

Dunk Island
Dunk Island, known as Coonanglebah in the Warrgamay and Dyirbal languages, is an island within the locality of Dunk in the Cassowary Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. It lies 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) off the Australian east coast, opposite the town of Mission Beach. The island in one of the Family Islands. Most of Dunk Island lies within the Family Islands National Park and in the larger Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area.

The island is surrounded by reefs and has a diverse population of birds. The Bandjin and Djiru peoples once used the island as a source for food. Europeans first settled on the island in 1897. Dunk Island was used by the Royal Australian Air Force during World War II. In recent years the island and its resort facilities have been adversely affected by both Cyclone Larry and Cyclone Yasi.
David Myatt
David Wulstan Myatt (born 1950), also known by various pseudonyms, including Wulstan Tedder, Godric Redbeard, Abdul al-Qari, Abdul-Aziz ibn Myatt, is a British writer, religious leader, far-right and former Islamist militant, most notable for being considered the likely identity of Anton Long, the political and religious leader of the theistic Satanist and neo-Nazi organization the Order of Nine Angles (ONA) from 1974 onwards.

Raised in  Tanganyika, Myatt became a neo-Nazi while in secondary school. He was a member of Colin Jordan's British Movement from the late 1960s to 1974, when he founded a schism with Eddy Morrison, the National Democratic Freedom Movement. He founded or led various neo-Nazi groups from the 1970s to 1990s, including Combat 18, Reichsfolk, and the National Socialist Movement, until 1998, when he converted to radical Islam. In 2010, he declared he had rejected both Islam and all extremism.

Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke
Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke (15 January 1953 – 29 August 2012) was a British historian and professor of Western esotericism at the University of Exeter, best known for his authorship of several scholarly books on the history of occultism in Nazism and Western esotericism, including The Occult Roots of Nazism, Hitler's Priestess, and Black Sun.

He edited and translated several other books, and edited two academic book series on religion and esotericism. Goodrick-Clarke was the founder and director of the Exeter Centre for the Study of Esotericism (EXESESO), and the co-founder of the European Society for the Study of Western Esotericism.
1996 Budapest Lotto Open
The 1996 Budapest Lotto Open was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Budapest in Hungary that was part of the Tier IV category of the 1996 WTA Tour. It was the inaugural edition of the tournament and was held from 6 May until 12 May 1996. Sixth-seeded Ruxandra Dragomir won the singles title.

1996 WTA Tour
The WTA Tour is the elite tour for professional women's tennis circuit, organized by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). The 1996 WTA Tour included the four Grand Slam tournaments, the WTA Tour Championships and the WTA Tier I, Tier II, Tier III and Tier IV events. ITF tournaments are not officially part of the WTA Tour, although they award points for the WTA World Ranking.
Pierre de Foix, le vieux
Peter of Foix the Elder (Fr.: Pierre de Foix, le vieux) (1386 – 13 December 1464) was a French cardinal, created in 1409.

He was the son of Archambaud de Grailly, captal de Buch and Isabella, Countess of Foix.

He was a papal legate in Avignon (1433–1464) and Archbishop of Arles from 1450 to 1463.

He founded the Collège de Foix in Toulouse.

Papal legate
A papal legate or apostolic legate (from the ancient Roman title legatus) is a personal representative of the Pope to foreign nations, to some other part of the Catholic Church, or to representatives of a state or monarchy. A legate is empowered in matters of Catholic faith and for the settlement of ecclesiastical matters.

The legate is appointed directly by the Pope—the Bishop of Rome and head of the Catholic Church. Hence a legate is usually sent to a government, to a sovereign, to a large body of believers (such as a national church), or to take charge of a major religious effort, such as an ecumenical council, a crusade to the Holy Land, or even against a heresy such as the Cathars.

The term legation is applied both to a legate's mandate and to the territory concerned (such as a state, or an ecclesiastical province). The relevant adjective is legatine.
Uwe Backes
Uwe Backes (born 2 February 1960 in Greimerath) is a German political scientist and specialist in political extremism. He is a professor at the Technical University Dresden and together with Eckhard Jesse the editor of the Yearbook on Extremism and Democracy and Series on Extremism and Democracy. Backes is an adherent of the classical German theory of extremism (Extremismustheorie) that postulates that the extreme right and the extreme left have much in common in their opposition to liberty and democracy.

Eckhard Jesse
Eckhard Jesse (born 16 July 1948) is a German political scientist. Born in Wurzen, Saxony, he held the chair for "political systems and political institutions" at the Technical University of Chemnitz from 1993 to 2014. Jesse is one of the best known German political scholars in the field of extremism and terrorism studies. He has also specialized in the study of German political parties and the German political system.

Together with Uwe Backes, director of the Hannah Arendt Institute for the Research on Totalitarianism, he has edited the Yearbook Extremism & Democracy since 1989; it has become a classic for terrorism scholars. He is one of the founders of the Veldensteiner group on extremism and democracy research. Jesse writes extensively about extremism and political parties in several German newspapers.
Lloyd-Davies position
Lloyd-Davies position is a medical term referring to a common position for surgical procedures involving the pelvis and lower abdomen. The majority of colorectal and pelvic surgery is conducted with the patient in the Lloyd-Davies position.  It was popularised for these procedures by Oswald Lloyd-Davies working at St Marks Hospital London.

It is derived from the Trendelenburg position but with the legs abducted to allow access to the perineum. The basic angle is a 30-degree Trendelenburg with the hips flexed at 15 degrees; this can be adjusted with leg supports.

Trendelenburg position
In the Trendelenburg position (/ˈtrɛndələnbɜːrɡ/), the body is lain supine, or flat on the back on a 15–30 degree incline with the feet elevated above the head. The reverse Trendelenburg position, similarly, places the body supine on an incline but with the head now being elevated.

The Trendelenburg position is used in surgery, especially of the abdomen and genitourinary system. It allows better access to the pelvic organs as gravity pulls the intra-abdominal organs away from the pelvis. Evidence does not support its use in hypovolaemic shock, with concerns for negative effects on the lungs and brain.

The position was named for the German surgeon Friedrich Trendelenburg (1844–1924).
Dals-Långed Church
Dals-Långed Church (Swedish: Dals-Långeds kyrka) belongs to the Steneby-Tisselskogs parish in the Diocese of Karlstad, Sweden. The church is in the locality of Dals Långed in the Bengtsfors Municipality.

Bengtsfors Municipality
Bengtsfors Municipality (Swedish: Bengtsfors kommun) is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in western Sweden. Its seat is located in the town of Bengtsfors.

The present municipality was formed in 1971 when the former market town (köping) of Bengtsfors (instituted in 1926) was amalgamated with the municipalities of Bäckefors, Lelång and Steneby.
Red Line (Calgary)
The Red Line, also known as Route 201, is a light rail transit (LRT) line in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Together with the Blue Line and future Green Line it makes up Calgary's CTrain network. Following its initial approval in 1976, the Red Line opened in 1981, running from Anderson station in the southeast into downtown. The Red Line has been expanded several times to reach its current state. The Red Line services the northwest quadrant and south end of the city beginning at Tuscany station, runs through the downtown core on 7th Avenue, then proceeds southbound where it terminates at Somerset–Bridlewood station. The section of track running along 7th Avenue is shared with the Blue Line. Future expansion of the Red Line includes rerouting the downtown section below 8th Avenue, which would allow the operation of five-car trains, further increasing capacity.

Dalhousie station (Calgary)
Dalhousie station is a CTrain light rail station in Dalhousie, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. It opened on December 15, 2003, as part of a 2.8 km (1.73 miles) extension of the Northwest line, and was the terminal station of the NW line until June 14, 2009.
Hypervalent organoiodine compounds
Unlike its lighter congeners, the halogen iodine forms a number of stable organic compounds, in which iodine exhibits higher formal oxidation states than −1 or coordination number exceeding 1.  These are the hypervalent organoiodines, often called iodanes after the IUPAC rule used to name them.

These iodine compounds are hypervalent because the iodine atom formally contains in its valence shell more than the 8 electrons required for the octet rule.  Hypervalent iodine oxyanions are known for oxidation states +1, +3, +5, and +7; organic analogues of these moieties are known for each oxidation state except +7.

In terms of chemical behavior, λ3‑ and λ5‑iodanes are generally oxidizing and/or electrophilic species.  They have been widely applied towards those ends in organic synthesis.

Phenyl group
In organic chemistry, the phenyl group, or phenyl ring, is a cyclic group of atoms with the formula C6H5−, and is often represented by the pseudoelement symbol Ph (archaically φ) or Ø. The phenyl group is closely related to benzene and can be viewed as a benzene ring, minus a hydrogen atom, which may be replaced by some other element or compound to serve as a functional group. A phenyl group has six carbon atoms bonded together in a hexagonal planar ring, five of which are bonded to individual hydrogen atoms, with the remaining carbon bonded to a substituent. Phenyl groups are commonplace in organic chemistry. Although often depicted with alternating double and single bonds, the phenyl group is chemically aromatic and has equal bond lengths between carbon atoms in the ring.
Golden generation
In sport, a golden generation', or golden team is an exceptionally gifted group of players of similar age, whose achievements reach or are expected to reach a level of success beyond that which their team had previously achieved. The term was first being cited by the media for Portugal's success during the FIFA Youth Championships in both 1989 and 1991. Alternatively, it can describe a group of players at a club, who typically are the same age group and often came through the club academy together. Often, a golden generation is given a nickname for example as "The Class of 92" or "The Bengan Boys".

Below is a list of teams who have been referred to by the media as golden generations, most of which played in the 21st century.

2002 European Men's Handball Championship
The 2002 Men's European Handball Championship was the fifth edition of the tournament and took place from 25 January to 3 February 2002 in Sweden. Sweden won the tournament for a third time in a row, and fourth time overall.
Bill Johnson (skier)
William Dean Johnson (March 30, 1960 – January 21, 2016) was an American World Cup alpine ski racer. By winning the downhill at the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo, Yugoslavia, Johnson became the first American male to win an Olympic gold medal in alpine skiing and the first racer not from an Alpine country to win an Olympic downhill race.

Lauberhorn
The Lauberhorn (Swiss Standard German pronunciation: [ˈlaʊbərˌhɔrn]) is a mountain in the Bernese Alps of Switzerland, located between Wengen and Grindelwald, north of the Kleine Scheidegg. Its summit is at an elevation of 2,472 m (8,110 ft) above sea level.
Stereosticha
Stereosticha is a moth genus in the subfamily Autostichinae. It contains the species Stereosticha pilulata, which is found in Sri Lanka.

The wingspan is about 9 mm. The forewings are dark fuscous, with a slight purplish tinge and a small ochreous-whitish spot on the costa before one-third, as well as a small round pale ochreous-yellowish spot in the disc beyond two-thirds. The extreme costal edge is shortly whitish above this. The hindwings are dark fuscous.

Autostichinae
The Autostichinae are a subfamily of moths in the superfamily Gelechioidea. Like their relatives therein, their exact relationships are not yet very well resolved. The present lineage was often included in the concealer moth family (Oecophoridae), but alternatively it is united with the Symmocidae sensu stricto (and often also the Holcopogonidae and/or certain genera otherwise considered twirler moths, e.g. Deoclona and Syringopais) to form an expanded family Autostichidae (in the past also referred to as family Symmocidae).
Stone Bridge (Adana)
Taşköprü (Italian: Ponte in pietra, English: Stone bridge), historically known as Ponte Sarus, is a Roman bridge spanning the Seyhan River in Adana that was probably built in the first half of the second century AD. The bridge was a key link in ancient trade routes from the Mediterranean Sea to Anatolia and Persia. Until its closure in 2007, it was one of the oldest bridges in the world open to motorized vehicles. Since 2007 it has only carried foot traffic, and now hosts social and cultural events.

Among the names used for the bridge during its history are the Saros Bridge, the Bridge of Justinian, the al-Walid Bridge and Taşköprü ("Stone Bridge" in Turkish).

Procopius
Procopius of Caesarea (/proʊˈkoʊpiəs/; Ancient Greek: Προκόπιος ὁ Καισαρεύς Prokópios ho Kaisareús; Latin: Procopius Caesariensis; c. 500 – 565) was a prominent late antique Greek scholar and historian from Caesarea Maritima. Accompanying the Roman general Belisarius in Emperor Justinian's wars, Procopius became the principal historian of the 6th century, writing the History of the Wars, the Buildings, and the infamous Secret History.
Tecomán Municipality
Tecomán  is a municipality in the Mexican state of Colima, being the southernmost and second largest municipality in Colima behind Manzanillo. 
The municipal seat lies at Tecomán. The municipality covers an area of 834.77 km2.

As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of 98,150.

Manzanillo Municipality, Colima
Manzanillo is a municipality in the Mexican state of Colima, being the largest, most populous, and westernmost municipality in Colima. 
The municipal seat lies at Manzanillo. The municipality covers an area of 1,578.3 km2 (609.4 sq mi), which also includes the remote Revillagigedo Islands.

As of 2010, the municipality had a total population of 161,420.
ISO 3166-2:DZ
ISO 3166-2:DZ is the entry for Algeria in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

Currently for Algeria, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for 58 provinces.

Each code consists of two parts, separated by a hyphen. The first part is DZ, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Algeria. The second part is two digits:

01–31: provinces created in 1974

32–48: provinces created in 1983

49–58: provinces created in 2019

ISO 3166-1 alpha-2
ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 codes are two-letter country codes defined in ISO 3166-1, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), to represent countries, dependent territories, and special areas of geographical interest. They are the most widely used of the country codes published by ISO (the others being alpha-3 and numeric), and are used most prominently for the Internet's country code top-level domains (with a few exceptions). They were first included as part of the ISO 3166 standard in its first edition in 1974.
Bozhin Laskov
Bozhin Georgiev Laskov (Bulgarian: Божин Георгиев Ласков; (15 February 1922 – 31 March 2007) was a naturalised Slovak association football player of Bulgarian descent and origin, who played as a striker, noted for his tall stature, impressive physique and great heading. In addition, post-retirement Laskov served as a otorhinolaryngologist and a trained Bulgarian Orthodox priest. After 1946, he lived and worked in Czechoslovakia and is counted among Bulgaria's and Slovakia's best footballers of the era.

Czechoslovak First League
The Czechoslovak First League (Czech: 1. fotbalová liga, Slovak: 1. futbalová liga) was the premier football league in Czechoslovakia from 1925 to 1993, with the exception of World War II. Czechoslovakia was occupied by German forces who formed Gauliga Sudetenland and Gauliga Böhmen und Mähren leagues on occupied territories. Until the 1934-35 season, no teams from Slovakia participated in the league.

Czechs were allowed to run their own league in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, while Slovaks were granted their own independent Slovak State and created their own league. After the World War II the league was recreated.
Panch Prayag
Panch Prayag (Pañcha prayāga) is an expression in Hindu religious ethos, specifically used to connote the five sacred river confluences in the Garhwal Himalayas in the state of Uttarakhand, India. The five prayags - prayaga meaning "place of confluence of rivers" in Sanskrit - also termed as "Prayag pentad" are Vishnuprayag, Nandaprayag, Karnaprayag, Rudraprayag and Devprayag, in the descending flow sequence of their occurrence.

Alaknanda + Dhauliganga = Vishnu Prayag

Alaknanda + Nandakini = Nand Prayag

Alaknanda + Pindarganga = Karna Prayag

Alaknanda + Mandakini = Rudra Prayag

Alaknanda + Bhagirathi = Dev Prayag

Pindar River
The Pindar River is a river located in Uttarakhand, India. The Pindar originates from Pindari Glacier which is located in Bageshwar district of Kumaon region in Uttarakhand. The source of this river, the Pindar glacier is located at an altitude of 3,820 m (12,530 ft). Pindar glacier has relatively easier access and has been documented well for its retreat over 100 years. Pindar river mouth is located at Karnaprayag where it flows into Alaknanda River.
Wendell Cox
Wendell Cox is an American urban policy analyst and proponent of the use of the private car over rail projects. He is the principal and sole owner of Wendell Cox Consultancy/Demographia, based in the St. Louis metropolitan region and editor of three web sites, Demographia, The Public Purpose and Urban Tours by Rental Car. Cox is a fellow of numerous conservative think tanks and a frequent op-ed commenter in conservative US and UK newspapers.

Cox generally opposes planning policies aimed at increasing rail service and density, while favoring planning policies that reinforce and serve the existing transportation and building infrastructure. He believes that existing transportation and building infrastructure reflect what people prefer, while his opponents argue that his positions are based more on a belief that road transport and low density are inherently superior and that public transport is a component of liberal city models he disagrees with politically.

Automotive city
An automotive city, also known as a car-centric city, is an urban area that facilitates and encourages the movement of people via private transportation, rather than public transport, cycling, or walking. This is achieved through both 'physical planning'—such as modifications to the built environment including street networks, parking spaces, automobile–pedestrian interface systems, and low-density urbanised areas with detached dwellings, driveways, or garages—and 'soft programming', such as social policy shaping street use through traffic safety and automobile campaigns, automobile laws, and the social redefinition of streets as public spaces primarily reserved for motor vehicles.
Armenak Yaltyryan
Armenak "Aram" Yaltyryan (Russian: Ялтырян, Ukrainian: Ялтирян, 13 May 1914 – 18 December 1999) was a Soviet lightweight wrestler. He won a silver medal at the 1947 European Championships and placed fourth at the 1952 Summer Olympics.

Yaltyryan was born to an Armenian family in the village of Krym, Rostov Oblast, Russia. He took up wrestling in 1934 and competed in the lightweight division both in Greco-Roman and freestyle wrestling. He won the Soviet title in 1938–1940 and 1945–1952 in freestyle and in 1946–1948 in Greco-Roman wrestling. His career was interrupted by World War II, when he fought in the Battle of Kiev and was taken a prisoner of war. He retired in 1952 and then had a long career as a wrestling coach in Ukraine. His trainees include Vladimir Sinyavsky, Boris Gurevich, Yury Gusov and Vladimir Gulyutkin. In 1986 he returned to Krym, where he continued to coach wrestlers until his death in 1999.

Vladimir Gulyutkin
Vladimir Yakovlevich Gulyutkin (Russian: Владимир Яковлевич Гулюткин, born 29 March 1942) is a retired Soviet heavyweight freestyle wrestler. He won the world title in 1970 and 1974, the European title in 1968, 1969 and 1972, and the Soviet title in 1968–71 and 1975.
Jhumar
Jhūmar or Jhoomar (also called Ghūmbar in Sandal Bar) is a traditional Punjabi folk dance originating from the Sandal Bar and Chaj Doab  regions of Punjab. The word  "Jhūmar" comes from Jhūm, which means 'to sway' in Punjabi.

The dance is also called Jungle-dance of Jhang-Sials which has a tribal sounding beat - 16 beats on the drum per cycle.

Sandal Bar
Sandal Bar (Punjabi: ساندل بار), also known as the Jungle Bar, is the section of the Bar region in western Punjab in Pakistan and is located between the rivers Ravi and Chenab, and comprises the southern part of Rechna Doab. It corresponds to the present-day Faisalabad, Jhang, Toba Tek Singh and Chiniot districts in Pakistani Punjab.

Sandal Bar is named after Sandal, grandfather of the 16th-century Punjabi chieftain Dulla Bhatti who, according to the popular folklores, led a revolt against the Mughal rule in the Sandal Bar during the reign of Akbar. Until the late-19th century it was sparsely populated, when it was brought under irrigation after the establishment of Chenab Colony (Lyallpur) in 1892.