hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Andative and venitive
In linguistics, andative and venitive (abbreviated AND and VEN) are a type of verbal deixis: verb forms which indicate 'going' or 'coming' motion, respectively, in reference to a particular location or person. Other terms sometimes seen are itive and ventive, or translocative and cislocative. They generally derive historically from the verbs go and come being reduced to auxiliary verbs or verbal affixes, and may in turn be grammaticalized to aspectual morphemes. Many languages of Siberia (such as Itelmen, Forest Nenets, Chukchi, Alyutor), California, West Africa (such as Akan), the Caucasus-Mideast-North Africa (Akkadian, Sumerian), and Oceania have such verb forms.

A language with andative and venitive forms may also use them with a verb to carry, for example, to create the meanings of "bring" (venitive) and "take (away)" (andative).

Auxiliary verb
An auxiliary verb (abbreviated aux) is a verb that adds functional or grammatical meaning to the clause in which it occurs, so as to express tense, aspect, modality, voice, emphasis, etc. Auxiliary verbs usually accompany an infinitive verb or a participle, which respectively provide the main semantic content of the clause. An example is the verb have in the sentence I have finished my lunch. Here, the auxiliary have helps to express the perfect aspect along with the participle, finished. Some sentences contain a chain of two or more auxiliary verbs. Auxiliary verbs are also called helping verbs, helper verbs, or (verbal) auxiliaries. Research has been conducted into split inflection in auxiliary verbs.
1913 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 8
The 1913 Tour de France was the 11th edition of Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Tour began in Paris on 29 June and Stage 8 occurred on 13 July with a flat stage to Aix-en-Provence. The race finished in Paris on 27 July.

1913 Tour de France
The 1913 Tour de France was the 11th edition of the Tour de France, taking place between 29 June and 27 July. The total distance was 5,287 kilometres (3,285 mi) and the average speed of the riders was 26.715 kilometres per hour (16.600 mph). The competition was won by the Belgian Philippe Thys, after in the crucial sixth stage Eugène Christophe broke his bicycle and lost several hours because he had to do the repairs by himself. In the last stage, Thys also had mechanical problems, but he got help during the repairs, and only got a penalty of ten minutes.

Between 1904 and 1912, the overall classification had been calculated by points, but in 1913 the classification was reverted to the original format from 1903, where the overall classification was calculated by adding up the times of the individual stages. The general classification has been calculated in the time format ever since.
CTS Main Channel
CTS Main Channel is the flagship free-to-air terrestrial television channel of the Chinese Television System network and is the third oldest free-to-air terrestrial television channel in the Republic of China (Taiwan) after TTV Main Channel and CTV Main Channel.

CTV (Taiwanese TV network)
CTV (formerly known as CTV Main Channel) is a free-to-air terrestrial television channel of the China Television company and is the second-oldest free-to-air terrestrial television channel in the Republic of China (Taiwan) after TTV Main Channel.
Caledonian Airways Flight 153
Caledonian Airways Flight 153 was a multi-leg nonscheduled passenger service from Luxembourg via Khartoum, Lorenzo Marques (nowadays Maputo), Douala and Lisbon, before heading back to Luxembourg. 
On 4 March 1962 a Douglas DC-7C flying the route, registration G-ARUD, crashed shortly after takeoff from Douala International Airport, Douala, Cameroon in a swamp on the edge of a jungle 2.4 kilometres (1.5 mi; 1.3 nmi) off the airport. It is the deadliest crash of a DC-7. It is also the second-deadliest accident in Cameroon surpassed only by Kenya Airways Flight 507.

Luxembourg Airport
Luxembourg Airport (IATA: LUX, ICAO: ELLX) serves as the principal airport of Luxembourg and the sole international airport within the country. Formerly known as Luxembourg Findel Airport (French: Aéroport de Luxembourg-Findel) due to its location in the Findel area, it remains the only airport in Luxembourg equipped with a paved runway. The airport is approximately 3.25 nautical miles (6.02 km; 3.74 mi) to the east of Luxembourg City.

In 2024, Luxembourg Airport accommodated over five million passengers. Additionally, it is recognized as a major cargo hub, ranking as the fifth-busiest airport in Europe by cargo tonnage and ranking the 28th-busiest globally in 2010. Both Luxair, the national flag carrier, and Cargolux, a leading cargo airline, maintain their headquarters on the airport premises.
Belgian State Railways Type 7
The Belgian State Railways Type 7 (originally the Type 8 bis), later known as the NMBS/SNCB Type 7, was a class of 4-6-0 compound locomotives built between 1921 and 1924.

The class was used to work heavy passenger trains operated by the Belgian State Railways, and its successor, the National Railway Company of Belgium (NMBS/SNCB), which was established in 1926.

One member of the class, no. 7.039, has been preserved by the NMBS/SNCB for display at Train World, the Belgian national railway museum.

4-6-0
A 4-6-0 steam locomotive, under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives by wheel arrangement, has four leading wheels on two axles in a leading bogie and six powered and coupled driving wheels on three axles with the absence of trailing wheels.

In the mid-19th century, this wheel arrangement became the second-most-popular configuration for new steam locomotives in the United States, where this type is commonly referred to as a Ten-wheeler. As locomotives pulling trains of lightweight all-wood passenger cars from the 1890 to the 1920s, they were exceptionally stable at near 100 mph (160 km/h) speeds on the New York Central's New York-to-Chicago Water Level Route and on the Reading Railroad's line from Camden to Atlantic City, New Jersey.
Amina Wadud
Amina Wadud (born Mary Teasley, September 25, 1952) is an American Muslim theologian. Wadud serves as visiting professor at 4 Consortium for Religious Studies and was also a visiting scholar at Starr King School for the Ministry. Wadud has written extensively on the role of women in Islam.

Born and raised as a Methodist in Bethesda, Maryland, Wadud converted to Islam in 1972 while studying at the University of Pennsylvania. She went on to study Arabic and Islamic studies, first in the United States and later in Egypt. Wadud made international headlines in 2005 when she led Friday prayers at a mixed congregation in New York, stirring controversy in some spheres of the Islamic world. Regardless, Wadud has continued to lead prayers at various congregations around the world.

Musawah
Musawah ('equality'; in Arabic: مساواة) is a global movement for equality and justice in the Muslim family and family laws, led by Islamic feminists "seeking to reclaim Islam and the Qur'an for themselves", applying progressive interpretations of sacred texts. Their interpretations are often referred to as feminist tafsir. The name "Musawah" comes from an Arabic word that translates as "equality". Musawah was founded in 2009.
Posten Cup
The Posten Cup, formerly known as the Møbelringen Cup and Intersport Cup, is an annual women's handball tournament arranged by the Norwegian Handball Federation. Norway plus three invited national teams compete for the title, normally in a single round-robin format.

The tournament is usually held in November, prior to the European or World Championship. It was first arranged in 2001, when the Norwegian Handball Federation reached an agreement with furniture company Møbelringen. From 2019 to 2022 it was known as Intersport Cup, after which it was renamed to Posten Cup since 2023.

Posten Cup 2023
The Posten Cup 2023 was a friendly women's handball tournament held between 23 and 26 November 2023, organised by the Norwegian Handball Federation as preparation for the home team for the 2023 World Women's Handball Championship and named Posten Cup for sponsorship reasons. Norway won the tournament. This was the first edition, where it was called Posten Cup, after previously having the name Intersport Cup. It was hosted in Boligpartner Arena in Hamar and Håkons Hall i Lillehammer.
Lord Frederick Bentinck
Major-General Lord Frederick Cavendish-Bentinck (2 November 1781 – 10 February 1828) known as Lord Frederick Bentinck was a British soldier and politician.

The youngest child and fourth son of William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland and Lady Dorothy Cavendish, Cavendish-Bentinck attended Westminster School before joining the army.

Rotten and pocket boroughs
A rotten or pocket borough, also known as a nomination borough or proprietorial borough, was a parliamentary borough or constituency in England, Great Britain, or the United Kingdom before the Reform Act of 1832 which had very few voters. They could be used by a patron to gain disproportionate influence within the House of Commons. The Reform Act of 1832 abolished the majority of these rotten and pocket boroughs.

The same terms were used for similar boroughs represented in the 18th-century Parliament of Ireland.
Morey's Piers
Morey's Piers & Beachfront Waterparks is a seaside amusement park located on The Wildwoods' boardwalk in Wildwood and North Wildwood, New Jersey. The park has been family owned and operated since 1969 and was run by second generation Morey Brothers, Will and Jack. Morey's Piers has more than 100 rides and attractions across its three amusement piers and two beachfront waterparks.

Reverse bungee
The reverse bungee (also known as catapult bungee, slingshot, or ejection seat) is a modern type of fairground ride.

The ride consists of two telescopic gantry towers mounted on a platform, feeding two elastic ropes down to a two-person passenger car constructed from an open sphere of tubular steel. The passenger car is secured to the platform with an electro-magnetic latch as the elastic ropes are stretched. When the electromagnet is turned off, the passenger car is catapulted vertically with a g-force of 3–5, reaching an altitude of between 50 metres (164 ft) and 80 metres (262 ft).
Algatocín
Algatocín is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. The municipality is situated approximately 143 kilometres (89 mi) from Málaga and 30 kilometres (19 mi) from Ronda. It is located in the west of the province in the Valle del Genal, being one of the towns that make up the comarca of the Serrania de Ronda.  It is situated at an altitude of 725 metres (2,379 ft). The town has a population of approximately 900 residents, over a surface area of 20 square kilometres (7.7 sq mi), for a population density of 47 inhabitants per square kilometre (120/sq mi).

Ronda
Ronda (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈronda]) is a municipality of Spain belonging to the province of Málaga, within the autonomous community of Andalusia.

Its population is about 35,000. Ronda is known for its cliffside location and a deep canyon that carries the Guadalevín River and divides the town. It is one of the towns and villages that are included in the Sierra de las Nieves National Park.
Nicola Amati
Nicola Amati, Nicolò Amati or Nicolao Amati (/əˈmɑːti/, Italian: [niˈkɔːla aˈmaːti, nikoˈlɔ -, nikoˈlaːo -]; 3 September 1596 – 12 April 1684) was an Italian master luthier from Cremona, Italy. Amati is one of the most well-known luthiers from the Casa Amati (House of Amati). He was the teacher of illustrious Cremonese School luthiers such as Andrea Guarneri and Giovanni Battista Rogeri.  While no clear documentation exists for their being apprentices in his shop, Amati may also have apprenticed Antonio Stradivari, Francesco Rugeri, and Jacob Stainer, as their work is heavily influenced by Amati.

1629–1631 Italian plague
The Italian plague of 1629–1631, also referred to as the Great Plague of Milan, was part of the second plague pandemic that began with the Black Death in 1348 and ended in the 18th century. One of two major outbreaks in Italy during the 17th century, it affected northern and central Italy and resulted in at least 280,000 deaths, with some estimating fatalities as high as one million, or about 35% of the population. The plague may have contributed to the decline of Italy's economy relative to those of other Western European countries.
Neopetrolisthes
Neopetrolisthes is a genus of porcelain crabs that live on sea anemones, and contains the following three species:

Neopetrolisthes maculatus (H. Milne-Edwards, 1837) – N. ohshimai Miyake, 1937 is a subjective synonym

Neopetrolisthes alobatus (Laurie, 1926)

Neopetrolisthes spinatus Osawa & Fujita, 2001

Neopetrolisthes maculatus
Neopetrolisthes maculatus, also commonly known as the anemone porcelain crab, is a species of porcelain crab from the Indo-Pacific region. It is a small, colourful crustacean with a porcelain-like shell. It is usually found within the stinging tentacles of a number of sea anemone species.
Chronotropic
Chronotropic effects (from chrono-, meaning time, and tropos, "a turn") are those that change the heart rate.

Chronotropic drugs may change the heart rate and rhythm by affecting the electrical conduction system of the heart and the nerves that influence it, such as by changing the rhythm produced by the sinoatrial node. Positive chronotropes increase heart rate; negative chronotropes decrease heart rate.

A dromotrope affects atrioventricular node (AV node) conduction. A positive dromotrope increases AV nodal conduction, and a negative dromotrope decreases AV nodal conduction. A lusitrope is an agent that affects diastolic relaxation.

Many positive inotropes affect preload and afterload.

Dromotropic
The term dromotropic derives from the Greek word δρόμος drómos, meaning "running", a course, a race. A dromotropic agent is one which affects the conduction speed (in fact the magnitude of delay) in the AV node, and subsequently the rate of electrical impulses in the heart.

Positive dromotropy increases conduction velocity (e.g. epinephrine stimulation), negative dromotropy decreases velocity (e.g. vagal stimulation).

Non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers such as verapamil block the slow inward calcium current in cardiac tissues, thereby having a negatively dromotropic, chronotropic and inotropic effect. This (and other) pharmacological effect makes these drugs useful in the treatment of angina pectoris.  Conversely, they can lead to symptomatic disturbances in cardiac conduction and bradyarrhythmias, and may aggravate left ventricular failure.
Rim rock crown snake
The rim rock crowned snake (Tantilla oolitica), named after the Miami Rim Rock land arrangement, is a non-venomous endangered species of snake belonging to the family Colubridae. The rim rock crowned snake is endemic to the United States throughout southern Florida. The specific name, oolitica, refers to the oolitic limestone area of Florida in which the species is found. All species of snakes that belong to the genus Tantilla, are relatively small and usually do not exceed 20 cm (8 in). The species T. oolitica was added to the IUCN Red List in 2007 as a result of loss in habitat and restricted range.

John L. Behler
John L. Behler (1946 – January 31, 2006) was an American naturalist, herpetologist, author, and activist known for his work in conserving endangered species of turtles, snakes, and other reptiles. He served as curator of herpetology at the Bronx Zoo, part of the Wildlife Conservation Society from 1976 to 2006. He co-chaired the IUCN Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group, and was a founding member of the Turtle Survival Alliance, which co-present the Behler Turtle Conservation Award with the Turtle Conservancy and Turtle Conservation Fund. The Behler Turtle Conservation Award is a major annual award to honor leadership in the field of freshwater turtle and tortoise conservation. The Turtle Conservancy named its captive breeding center, the Behler Chelonian Center, in his honor.
Treatise on Astrology of the Kaiyuan Era
The Great Tang Treatise on Astrology of the Kaiyuan Era, also called the Kaiyuan Star Observations (Kaiyuan Zhanjing), is a Chinese astrology encyclopedia compiled by Gautama Siddha and a team of scholars between 714 and 724 AD during the Kaiyuan era of the Tang dynasty.

The book is divided into 120 volumes and consists of about 600,000 words. The Kaiyuan Zhanjing incorporates many fragments of other works, including the star catalogues of Shi Shen and Gan De and a translated version of Indian Navagraha calendar at chapter 104. It may have made use of the Yisizhan, compiled by Li Chunfeng around 645. Aryabhata's sine table by the eponymous Indian astronomer, was also translated into the Kaiyuan Zhanjing.

The Kaiyuan Zhanjing ceased to be copied in the 10th century, but was received attention from the scholar Cheng Mingshan in 1616 and was later included in the Complete Library of the Four Treasuries collections of the 18th century.

Chinese astrology
Chinese astrology is based on traditional Chinese astronomy and the Chinese calendar. Chinese astrology flourished during the Han dynasty (2nd century BC to 2nd century AD).

Chinese astrology has a close relation with Chinese philosophy (theory of the three harmonies: heaven, earth, and human), and uses the principles of yin and yang, wuxing (five phases), the ten Heavenly Stems, the twelve Earthly Branches, the lunisolar calendar (moon calendar and sun calendar), and the time calculation after year, month, day, and shichen (時辰, double hour). These concepts are not readily found or familiar in Western astrology or culture.
Alfa Romeo Racing C38
The Alfa Romeo Racing C38 is a Formula One racing car designed and constructed by Alfa Romeo Racing to compete during the 2019 Formula One World Championship. It is the first Sauber-engineered car to be badged Alfa Romeo following a team renaming deal struck with Sauber Motorsport AG in February 2019. It was Alfa Romeo's first season as a F1 team since 1985. The car was driven by Kimi Räikkönen and Antonio Giovinazzi, and made its debut at the 2019 Australian Grand Prix. The car finished 8th in the Constructors' Championship with 57 points, 43 for Räikkönen and 14 for Giovinazzi.

The chassis was designed by Simone Resta, Luca Furbatto, Ian Wright, Jan Monchaux and Nicolas Hennel with the car being powered with a customer Ferrari powertrain.

2019 Chinese Grand Prix
The 2019 Chinese Grand Prix (formally known as the Formula 1 Heineken Chinese Grand Prix 2019) was a Formula One motor race that took place on 14 April 2019 at the Shanghai International Circuit in Shanghai, China. The race was the 3rd round of the 2019 Formula One World Championship, and marked the 16th time that the Chinese Grand Prix had been run as a round of the Formula One World Championship. The race also marked the 1000th World Championship race since the first World Championship race was held at the Silverstone Circuit in 1950. This was also the last Chinese Grand Prix until 2024 as the 2020–2023 Grands Prix were not held due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the country.
Duško Vujošević
Duško Vujošević (Serbian Cyrillic: Душко Вујошевић; born 3 March 1959) is a Montenegrin former basketball coach. He is currently active as coach consultant of the Montenegrin ABA League club Studentski centar since 2022.

Vujošević served as the head coach of Partizan Belgrade in four stints during which he led the club to record 12 national championship titles, 5 national cup titles and record five regional Adriatic League titles and the FIBA Korać Cup championship in 1989, being most successful coach in club's history with total of 23 trophies. In 2009, leading Partizan Vujošević won the EuroLeague Coach of the Year award.

His national basketball association is the Basketball Association of Serbia, as he only holds the nationality (citizenship) of the Republic of Serbia. He is a Serbian citizen of Montenegrin descent.

Olimpia Basket Pistoia
Olimpia Basket Pistoia, also known as Maltinti Pistoia after one of its historic sponsors, was an Italian professional basketball team from the town of Pistoia.

It played in Serie A, the Italian top-level professional league, in the 1990s. Their best result was 8th place in the 1992/93 season. It participated in the Korać Cup in the 1996/97 season. After the 1998/99 season, when they were relegated from Serie A, the team went bankrupt and is currently defunct. Pistoia is currently represented in LegADue by another team, Carmatic Pistoia.

The team was established in 1965 and, due to sponsorship deals, was also known as Kleenex Pistoia (1988–94), Madigan Pistoia (1994-96), Rolly Pistoia (1996–97) and Mabo Pistoia (1997-99).
Hot hatch
A hot hatch (shortened from hot hatchback) is a high-performance variant of a hatchback car. The term originated in the mid-1980s; however, sportier factory versions of hatchbacks have been produced since the 1970s. A front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout that uses petrol for fuel is the most common choice of powertrain, however all-wheel drive has become more commonly used since around 2010. Most hot hatches are of European or Asian origin.

Audi A3
The Audi A3 is a small family car (C-segment) manufactured and marketed by the German automaker Audi AG since September 1996.

The first two generations of the Audi A3 were based on the Volkswagen Group A platform, while the third and fourth generations use the Volkswagen Group MQB platform.
Judeo-Provençal
Judeo-Provençal, Judæo-Occitan or Judæo-Comtadin, are the names given to the varieties of Occitan or Provençal languages historically spoken and/or written by Jews in the South of France, and more specifically in the Comtat Venaissin area by Papal Jews.

In many recent secondary sources, Judeo-Provençal has been mistakenly referred to under the name Shuadit, a word invented in 1948 by a Polish scholar, Zosa Szajkowski, notwithstanding the fact that the language had never been known under that name by its speakers.

Judeo-Provençal is known from documents dating to as early as the 11th century in France, and remained in use up to the 19th century. Then, most of its speakers assimilated to French and it is now regarded as extinct. Though often written in Hebrew script, the dialect was mutually intelligible with the Occitan spoken by non-Jews.

Phonology
Phonology (formerly also phonemics or phonematics) is the branch of linguistics that studies how languages systematically organize their phonemes or, for sign languages, their constituent parts of signs. The term can also refer specifically to the sound or sign system of a particular language variety. At one time, the study of phonology related only to the study of the systems of phonemes in spoken languages, but now it may relate to any linguistic analysis either:

Sign languages have a phonological system equivalent to the system of sounds in spoken languages. The building blocks of signs are specifications for movement, location, and handshape. At first, a separate terminology was used for the study of sign phonology ("chereme" instead of "phoneme", etc.), but the concepts are now considered to apply universally to all human languages.
Christy Ryan
Christopher D. Ryan (18 August 1957 – 8 February 2021) was an Irish Gaelic footballer, hurler and coach. As a dual player for club and county, he played in several positions including as a defensive centre-back, in midfield, or as a target man in attack. Ryan has been described as one of Cork's most decorated club players of all time.

1986–87 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship
The 1986–87 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship was the 17th staging of the All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1970-71.

Burren were the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Castleblayney Faughs in the Ulster Club Championship.

On 17 March 1987, St Finbarr's won the championship following a 0–10 to 0–07 defeat of Clann na nGael in the All-Ireland final at Croke Park. It was their third championship title overall and their first title since 1981.