hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mel Lastman
Melvin Douglas Lastman (March 9, 1933 – December 11, 2021) was a Canadian businessman and politician who served as the third mayor of North York from 1973 to 1997 and the 62nd mayor of Toronto from 1998 to 2003. He was the first person to serve as the mayor of Toronto following the amalgamation of Metropolitan Toronto and its six constituent municipalities in 1998. Lastman is also known for having founded the Bad Boy Furniture chain.

Mayor of Toronto
The mayor of Toronto is the head of Toronto City Council and chief executive officer of the municipal government. The mayor is elected alongside city council every four years on the fourth Monday of October; there are no term limits. While in office, mayors are styled His/Her Worship.

Olivia Chow has served as the 66th and current mayor of Toronto since July 12, 2023, after winning the 2023 by-election.
Wolfgang Kaiser (KgU)
Wolfgang Kaiser (16 February 1924 – 6 September 1952) was a member of Rainer Hildebrandt's "Struggle against Inhumanty" group (KgU / Kampfgruppe gegen Unmenschlichkeit) which campaigned against the one party dictatorship in the German Democratic Republic.

In the 1952 Hildebrandt conspiracy show trial, he was identified on 8 August as the "chief chemist" of the KgU and, on 9 August, condemned to death in the country's Supreme Court.

Stink bomb
A stink bomb, sometimes called a stinkpot, is a device designed to create an unpleasant smell. They range in effectiveness from being used as simple pranks to military grade malodorants or riot control chemical agents.
Military Order of Saint James of the Sword
The Military Order of Saint James of the Sword (Portuguese: Ordem Militar de Sant'Iago da Espada), formerly known as the Ancient, Most Noble and Enlightened Military Order of Saint James of the Sword, of the Scientific, Literary and Artistic Merit (Antiga, Nobilíssima e Esclarecida Ordem Militar de Sant'Iago da Espada, do Mérito Científico, Literário e Artístico), is one of the four former ancient Portuguese military orders. It was formerly established in 1175 and secularized in 1789.

João de Barros
João de Barros (Portuguese pronunciation: [ʒuˈɐ̃w dɨ ˈβaʁuʃ]; 1496 – 20 October 1570), nicknamed the "Portuguese Livy", is one of the first great Portuguese historians, most famous for his Décadas da Ásia (Decades of Asia), a history of the Portuguese in India, Asia, and southeast Africa.
History of Calcio Foggia 1920
The history of Calcio Foggia 1920 spans from the inception as a multi-sport club in 1920 to the present day. The club has gone through many mergers and reformations, most recently in 2019. The team most recently participated in the top level Serie A in 1995 while it played the 2025 season in Serie C.

Benevento Calcio
Benevento Calcio, commonly referred to as Benevento, is an Italian professional football club based in Benevento, Campania. The club was originally founded in 1929 and then re-founded in 2005. They currently compete in Serie C, having been relegated from Serie B in the 2022–23 season.
Aeroport, Oymyakonsky District, Sakha Republic
Aeroport (Russian: Аэропорт) is a rural locality (a selo), and one of four settlements in Borogonsky 2-y Rural Okrug of Oymyakonsky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, in addition to Tomtor, the administrative center of the Rural Okrug, Agayakan and Kuydusun. It is located 572 kilometers (355 mi) from Ust-Nera, the administrative center of the district and 2 kilometers (1.2 mi) from Tomtor. Its population as of the 2002 Census was 61.

The Oymyakon Airport, that gives the village its name, was built during the Second World War as part of the ALSIB route for transferring Lend-Lease aircraft from the United States to the Soviet Union. It has an unpaved runway of 1900 metres length. In 1961, a cargo flight from Yakutsk to Oymyakon crashed en route, with no survivors. In the 1990s, Oymyakon had scheduled flights operated by Sakha Avia but these no longer operate. The disused terminal building was still standing as of 2018, however.

Kuydusun
Kuydusun (Russian: Куйдусун; Yakut: Куйдуһун, Kuyduhun) is a rural locality (a selo) in Borogonsky 2-y Rural Okrug of Oymyakonsky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, located 567 kilometers (352 mi) from Ust-Nera, the administrative center of the district, and 3 kilometers (1.9 mi) from Tomtor, the administrative center of the rural okrug. Its population as of the 2002 Census was 139.
Cherwell Valley line
The Cherwell Valley line is the railway line between Didcot and Banbury via Oxford. It links the Great Western Main Line and the south to the Chiltern Main Line and the Midlands. The line follows the River Cherwell for much of its route between Banbury and Oxford.

River Cherwell
The River Cherwell (/ˈtʃɑːrwɛl/ ⓘ CHAR-wel or /ˈtʃɜːrwɛl/ CHUR-wel) is a tributary of the River Thames in central England. It rises near Hellidon, Northamptonshire and flows southwards for 40 miles (64 km) to meet the Thames at Oxford in Oxfordshire.

The river gives its name to the Cherwell local government district and Cherwell, an Oxford student newspaper.
Dovsk
Dovsk or Dowsk (Belarusian: Доўск, romanized: Doŭsk; Russian: Довск) is an agrotown in Rahachow District, Gomel Region, Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Dovsk selsoviet. Clay deposits are located near town, and it is bordered by forest from east and west.

Gomel
Gomel (Russian: Гомель, IPA: [ˈɡomʲɪlʲ]) or Homyel (Belarusian: Гомель, romanized: Homieĺ, IPA: [ˈɣomʲelʲ]) is a city in south-eastern Belarus. It serves as the administrative centre of Gomel Region and Gomel District, though it is administratively separated from the district. As of 2025, it is the second-largest city in Belarus, with 501,193 inhabitants.
Crown Heights Beis Din
The Beis Din Tzedek of Crown Heights a.k.a. Crown Heights Badatz is the Beis din of the Chabad community in the Crown Heights neighborhood, home of 770 Eastern Parkway. It was established in 1985. The offices are located in the center of the neighborhood on Kingston Avenue, between Crown and Montgomery Streets. They operate Crown Heights Kosher as well as Ask the Rabbi Hotline.

Beth din
A beth din (Hebrew: בֵּית דִּין, romanized: Bēṯ Dīn, Beit Din, lit. 'house of judgment', [beːθ ˈdiːn], Ashkenazic: beis din, plural: batei din) is a rabbinical court of Judaism. A hearing held before a beth din is called a din Torah (Hebrew: דין תורה, romanized: din Torah, lit. 'Torah law', plural dinei Torah). A beth din can be found both in Israel and in many Jewish diaspora communities.

A ruling (Hebrew: פסק, romanized: psak) from a beth din is based upon Jewish law (Hebrew: הלכה, romanized: halakha), though other legal systems are occasionally incorporated. Because it is not part of secular legal systems, when a case overlaps with secular courts its judgment is not always recognized by such courts.
Föritztal
Föritztal (German pronunciation: [ˈføːʁɪtsˌtaːl], lit. 'Föritz Valley') is a municipality in the Sonneberg district of Thuringia, Germany. It was formed on 6 July 2018 by the merger of the former municipalities Föritz, Judenbach and Neuhaus-Schierschnitz. It takes its name from the small river Föritz, a tributary of the Steinach.

Sonneberg (district)
Sonneberg is a Kreis (district) in the south of Thuringia, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from the west clockwise) the districts Hildburghausen, Saalfeld-Rudolstadt, and the Bavarian districts Kronach and Coburg.
2020 European Championship (darts)
The 2020 Unibet European Championship was the thirteenth edition of the Professional Darts Corporation's European Championship tournament, which saw the top players from the four European tour events compete against each other. The tournament took place from 29 October–1 November 2020 at the König Pilsener Arena in Oberhausen, Germany, in front of smaller, masked, socially distanced crowds, having been moved from its original venue of the Westfalenhallen in Dortmund.

Rob Cross was the defending champion after defeating Gerwyn Price 11–6 in the 2019 final. However, he was beaten 6–3 by Martijn Kleermaker in the first round, as was top seed Joe Cullen in another upset, who lost to William O'Connor by the same scoreline.

Peter Wright won the tournament for the first time with an 11–4 win over James Wade in the final.

José de Sousa hit a nine-darter in his first-round match with Jeffrey de Zwaan, which he won 6–3.

European Championship (darts)
The European Championship is a PDC darts tournament which was created to allow the top European players to compete with the highest ranked players from the PDC Order of Merit. Since 2016, the tournament has taken place at the end of October, and features the top 32 players on the PDC European Tour Order of Merit.
Sailing barge
A sailing barge is a kind of barge (a shoal-draft flat-bottomed boat) propelled by sails. Traditional types of sailing barges include:

Dutch barge is a  traditional flat-bottomed shoal-draught barge, originally used to carry cargo in the shallow Zuyder Zee and the waterways of Netherlands.

Scow, derived from the Dutch "schouw", historically in common use in the American Great Lakes and other parts of the U.S., in southern England, and in New Zealand.  By 1848 scows were being rigged for sailing using leeboards or sliding keels. They were also used as dumb barges towed by steamers.

Thames sailing barge, a type of commercial sailing boat, once common on the River Thames in London. The flat-bottomed barges with a shallow draught and leeboards, were perfectly adapted to the Thames Estuary.

Dutch barge
A Dutch barge is a traditional flat-bottomed shoal-draught barge, originally used to carry cargo in the shallow Zuiderzee and the waterways of The Netherlands. There are many types of Dutch barge, with characteristics determined by regional conditions and traditions.

Originally, Dutch barges were sailing craft with wooden hulls. Today, while few wooden examples remain, there are many steel barges that are 100 years old or more. Although most Dutch barges have been converted to motor-propulsion, schuyt sailing contests are still held on the IJsselmeer and on the Wadden Sea (Waddenzee). Dutch barges have become popular live-aboard leisure craft, and brand-new "Dutch-style" examples continue to be built.
Mission Broadcasting
Mission Broadcasting, Inc. is a television station group that owns 29 full-power television stations in 26 markets in the United States. The group's chair is Nancie Smith, the widow of David S. Smith, who founded the company in 1996 and died in 2011. All but one of Mission's stations are located in markets where Nexstar Media Group also owns a station, and all of Mission's stations (including its lone stand-alone station) are managed by Nexstar through shared services and local marketing agreements—effectively creating duopolies between the top two stations in a market or in markets with too few stations or unique station owners to legally allow duopolies. The company moved its headquarters from Westlake, Ohio, to Wichita Falls, Texas, in 2018. The company's stations are based in markets as large as New York City and as small as Grand Junction, Colorado.

Wichita Falls, Texas
Wichita Falls (/ˈwɪtʃɪtɑː/ WITCH-ih-tah) is a city in and the county seat of Wichita County, Texas, United States. It is the principal city of the Wichita Falls metropolitan statistical area, which encompasses all of Archer, Clay, and Wichita Counties. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 102,316, making it the 43rd-most populous city in Texas. Wichita Falls is home to Midwestern State University, enrolling more than 5,500 students.
Tahquitz (spirit)
Tahquitz (/tɑːˈkwiːts/, sometimes /ˈtɑːkɪts/) is a spirit found in the legends of the Cahuilla, Kumeyaay and Luiseño Native American people of Southern California. Accounts of the legend vary significantly, but most agree that Tahquitz represents evil or death, and his spirit makes its home on Mount San Jacinto. Some accounts report that he steals people and/or their souls and devours them on the mountain. Tahquitz manifests himself in the form of fireballs, lightning, meteors and thunderous sounds on the mountain and in the canyons.

Kumeyaay
The Kumeyaay, also known as 'Iipai-Tiipai or by the historical Spanish name Diegueño, is a tribe of Indigenous people who live at the northern border of Baja California in Mexico and the southern border of California in the United States. They are an Indigenous people of California.

The Kumeyaay language belongs to the Yuman–Cochimí language family. The Kumeyaay consist of three related groups, the 'Iipai, Tiipai, and Kamia. The San Diego River loosely divided the 'Iipay and the Tiipai historical homelands, while the Kamia lived in the eastern desert areas. The 'Iipai lived to the north, from Escondido to Lake Henshaw, while the Tiipai lived to the south, in lands including the Laguna Mountains, Ensenada, and Tecate. The Kamia lived to the east in an area that included Mexicali and bordered the Salton Sea.
World Famous Hotboys
World Famous Hotboys (stylized as HOTBOYS) is an American fast casual restaurant chain specializing in Nashville-style hot chicken sandwiches and Southern-inspired sides. Founded in 2017 by Victor Ghaben and Wallace Berkley Gibbs in Oakland, California, the restaurant began as a backyard pop-up before expanding to multiple brick-and-mortar locations across California and Indiana. The restaurant serves 100% halal chicken and was ranked the #1 chicken sandwich in California by Yelp's official blog in 2021. By February 2023, the chain had sold over one million chicken sandwiches since its 2019 opening.

Fast casual restaurant
A fast casual restaurant, found primarily in the United States, is a restaurant that does not offer full table service, but advertises higher quality food than fast-food restaurants. It is an intermediate concept between fast food and casual dining.
Arthur Penty
Arthur Joseph Penty (17 March 1875 – 1937) was an English architect and writer on guild socialism and distributism. He was first a Fabian socialist, and follower of Victorian thinkers William Morris and John Ruskin. He is generally credited with the formulation of a Christian socialist form of the medieval guild, as an alternative basis for economic life.

Penty was the elder of the two architect sons of Walter Green Penty of York, designer of the York Institute of Art, Science and Literature. While a pupil and assistant with his father, Penty absorbed the spirit of the Arts and Crafts Movement and the progressive movement in Glasgow.

Ananda Coomaraswamy
Ananda Kentish Muthu Coomaraswamy (Tamil: ஆனந்த குமாரசுவாமி, Āṉanta  Kumāracuvāmi; Sinhala: ආනන්ද කුමාරස්වාමි Ānanda Kumārasvāmī; 22 August 1877 − 9 September 1947) was a Ceylonese metaphysician, historian and a philosopher of Indian art who was an early interpreter of Indian culture to the West. He has been described as "the groundbreaking theorist who was largely responsible for introducing ancient Indian art to the West".
Expansion Slang
Expansion Slang is an album by American jazz reedist Ken Vandermark, which was recorded in 1998 and released on Boxholder. It was the debut recording by Tripleplay, which features bassist Nate McBride and drummer Curt Newton, one of the rhythm sections in Utility Hitter by the Barrage Double Trio.

Utility Hitter
Utility Hitter is an album by American jazz reedist Ken Vandermark, which was recorded in 1995 and released on the Quinnah label. He leads the Barrage Double Trio, composed of one bass-drums-reeds trio (Nate McBride, Curt Newton, Vandermark) from Boston and other (Kent Kessler, Hamid Drake, Mars Williams) from Chicago. The whole band plays six Vandermark compositions, the remaining five tracks are short improvisations: one for each of the trios and three duos.
Robert E. Simanek
Robert Ernest Simanek (26 April 1930 – 1 August 2022) was a United States Marine and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor, for his actions during the Korean War.

1st Marine Division
The 1st Marine Division (1st MARDIV) is a Marine division of the United States Marine Corps headquartered at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, California. It is the ground combat element of the I Marine Expeditionary Force (I MEF).

It is the oldest and largest active duty division in the United States Marine Corps, representing a combat-ready force of 22,000 personnel. It is one of three active duty divisions in the Marine Corps today and is a multi-role, expeditionary ground combat force. It is nicknamed "The Old Breed".
Škoda 14Tr
The Škoda 14Tr is a Czech trolleybus that was produced from 1981 to 1998. Prototypes were built in 1972 and 1974.

After the unsuccessful attempt to merge the Karosa ŠM 11 bus and the Škoda T 11 trolleybus and the cancelled Škoda 13Tr project, a new style of trolleybus was designed in the early 1970s, designated the 14Tr. Development was halted because of plans to replace trolleybuses by diesel buses, but the 1973 oil crisis led to a re-evaluation and work on the 14Tr resumed.

The Škoda 14Tr trolleybus, at least in the former USSR, became the successor to the Škoda 9Tr (the 10Tr and 13Tr models remained in the projects, 11Tr was released only in single copies, and the Škoda 12Tr was called the trolleybus train of the two Škoda 9Tr trolleybuses).

Trolleybus
A trolleybus (also known as trolley bus, trolley coach, trackless trolley, trackless tram (in the 1910s and 1920s), road tram or simply trolley) is an electric bus that draws power from dual overhead lines (generally suspended from roadside posts) using spring-loaded or pneumatically raised trolley poles. Two wires, and two trolley poles, are required to complete the electrical circuit. This differs from a tram or streetcar, which normally uses the track as the return path, needing only one wire and one pole (or pantograph). They are also distinct from other kinds of electric buses, which usually rely on batteries. Power is most commonly supplied as 600-volt direct current in older systems and 750-volts in newer systems, but there are exceptions.

Currently, around 300 trolleybus systems are in operation, in cities and towns in 43 countries. Altogether, more than 800 trolleybus systems have existed, but not more than about 400 concurrently.
Curtis Bush
Curtis Bush (born June 27, 1962
) is an American world champion kickboxer who competed in the welterweight, super-welterweight, light-middleweight and middleweight divisions. A tall Southpaw possessing dangerous spinning back kicks and spinning back fists, Bush competed entirely under full contact rules and was a two-time Virginia state champion as an amateur before turning professional in 1983. After knocking out Robert Visitacion to become the North American welterweight champion in 1987, he went on to win five world titles in four weight classes and retired from competition in 1999.

ISKA (sports governing body)
The ISKA (originally International Sport Karate Association, later also called the International Sport Kickboxing Association) is  international bodies regulating sport karate and kickboxing matches.
It is based in the United States. It was established in 1985 as a response to legal and revenue issues that sent the Professional Karate Association (PKA) into decline.
David Schmidtz
David Schmidtz (/ʃmɪts/; born 1955) is a Canadian-American philosopher. He is Presidential Chair of Moral Science at West Virginia University's Chambers College of Business and Economics. He is also editor-in-chief of the journal Social Philosophy & Policy. Previously, he was Kendrick Professor of Philosophy and Eller Chair of Service-Dominant Logic at the University of Arizona. While at Arizona, he founded and served as inaugural head of the Department of Political Economy and Moral Science.

American philosophy
American philosophy is the activity, corpus, and tradition of philosophers affiliated with the United States. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy notes that while it lacks a "core of defining features, American Philosophy can nevertheless be seen as both reflecting and shaping collective American identity over the history of the nation". The philosophy of the Founding Fathers of the United States is largely seen as an extension of the European Enlightenment. A small number of philosophies are known as American in origin, namely pragmatism and transcendentalism, with their most prominent proponents being the philosophers William James and Ralph Waldo Emerson respectively.
Kotonowaka Terumasa
Kotonowaka Terumasa (Japanese: 琴ノ若 晴將; born May 15, 1968, as Konno Mitsuya (鎌谷 今野, Mitsuya Konno)) is a Japanese former sumo wrestler from Obanazawa. He made his professional debut in 1984 and after reaching the top makuuchi division in 1990, he remained there for 15 years until his retirement in 2005. His highest rank was sekiwake and he earned seven special prizes and eight gold stars during his long makuuchi career. He is now the head coach of Sadogatake stable.

Professional sumo divisions
Professional sumo as administered by the Japanese Sumo Association is divided into six ranked divisions. Wrestlers are promoted and demoted within and between these divisions based on the merit of their win–loss records in official tournaments. For more information, see kachi-koshi and make-koshi. Wrestlers are also ranked within each division. The higher a wrestler's rank within a division is, the general level of opponents he will have to face becomes stronger. According to tradition, each rank is further subdivided into East and West, with East being slightly more prestigious, and ranked slightly higher than its West counterpart. The divisions, ranked in order of hierarchy from highest to lowest, are as follows:
Kubaba
Kubaba (Sumerian: 𒆬𒀭𒁀𒌑, kug-Dba-u₂) was a legendary Mesopotamian queen who according to the Sumerian King List ruled over Kish for a hundred years before the rise of the dynasty of Akshak. It is typically assumed that she was not a historical figure.

Lexical lists
The cuneiform lexical lists are a series of ancient Mesopotamian glossaries which preserve the semantics of Sumerograms, their phonetic value and their Akkadian or other language equivalents. They are the oldest literary texts from Mesopotamia and one of the most widespread genres in the ancient Near East. Wherever cuneiform tablets have been uncovered, inside Iraq or in the wider Middle East, these lists have been discovered.
Nanlang railway station
Nanlang railway station (Chinese: 南朗站) is an elevated station of Guangzhou–Zhuhai intercity railway.

The station is located near Yakou Village (Chinese: 崖口村), Nanlang Town, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China, a famous seafood village in Zhongshan. It started operations on 7 January 2011.

Nanlang Subdistrict
Nanlang (Chinese: 南朗街道; pinyin: Nánlǎng Jiēdào), alternatively romanized as Namlong, is a subdistrict situated at the eastern periphery of the city of Zhongshan in Guangdong Province, China. The subdistrict has a population 38,000 permanent residents and a total area of 206 km2 (80 sq mi). Nanlang has administrative jurisdiction over the village of Cuiheng, the birthplace of Sun Yat-sen.
David Max Eichhorn
David Max Eichhorn (January 6, 1906 – July 16, 1986) was an American rabbi of Reform Judaism, a director for Hillel, a chaplain in the Army, an author, and an authority within Reform Judaism on the subjects of interfaith marriage and religious conversion.

Hebrew Union College – Jewish Institute of Religion
The Hebrew Union College – Jewish Institute of Religion (HUC-JIR; also known as Hebrew Union College or HUC) is an institution of higher Jewish education and the academic, spiritual, and professional leadership development center of Reform Judaism. It has three locations in the United States and one location in Jerusalem. It is the oldest extant Jewish seminary in the Americas and the main seminary for training rabbis, cantors, educators and communal workers in Reform Judaism. Hebrew Union College has campuses in Cincinnati, Ohio, New York City, Los Angeles, and Jerusalem. The Jerusalem campus is the only seminary in Israel for training Reform Jewish clergy.