hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Market design
Market design is a branch of economics that focuses on establishing rules of exchange, meaning who gets allocated what and by what procedure, in order to achieve efficient and equitable outcomes. It is closely related to mechanism design and auction theory. Market design is concerned with the workings of particular markets in order to fix them when they are broken or to build markets when they are missing. Practical applications of market design theory, pioneered by scholars like Alvin Roth, have included labor market matching (e.g. the national residency match program), organ transplantation, school choice, and university admissions.

Auction theory
Auction theory is a branch of applied economics that deals with how bidders act in auctions and researches how the features of auctions incentivise predictable outcomes. Auction theory is a tool used to inform the design of real-world auctions. Sellers use auction theory to raise higher revenues while allowing buyers to procure at a lower cost. The confluence of the price between the buyer and seller is an economic equilibrium. Auction theorists design rules for auctions to address issues that can lead to market failure. The design of these rulesets encourages optimal bidding strategies in a variety of informational settings. The 2020 Nobel Prize for Economics was awarded to Paul R. Milgrom and Robert B. Wilson "for improvements to auction theory and inventions of new auction formats."
1991 Midland Bank Championships
The 1991 Midland Group Championships was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Brighton Centre in Brighton, England that was part of the Tier II of the 1991 WTA Tour. It was the 14th edition of the tournament and was held from 22 October until 27 October 1991. First-seeded Steffi Graf won the singles title, her fourth consecutive at the event and fifth in total, and earned $70,000 first-prize money.

1991 WTA Tour
The 1991 WTA Tour (officially titled 1991 Kraft General Foods World Tour after its sponsor) was the elite professional tennis circuit organized by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for the 1991 tennis season.

The WTA Tour is the elite tour for professional women's tennis organised by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). The WTA Tour includes the four Grand Slam tournaments, the WTA Tour Championships and the WTA Tier I, Tier II, Tier III and Tier IV events. ITF tournaments are not part of the WTA Tour, although they award points for the WTA World Ranking.
Therapeutic Goods Act 1989
The Therapeutic Goods Act 1989 is a piece of legislation passed by the Australian Parliament which aims to regulate therapeutic goods. The Act is administered by the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA), which is part of the Commonwealth Department of Health. As of July 2025, the statutory framework set out in the Act is mainly supplemented by the Therapeutic Goods Regulations 1990, the Therapeutic Goods (Medical Devices) Regulations 2002 and the Therapeutic Goods (Charges) Act 1990.

The central mechanism through which therapeutic goods (medicines, biologicals and medical devices) are regulated is the Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods (ARTG). Subject to the alternative supply and export pathways set out in the Act, all therapeutic goods must be "registered" (for prescription medicines), "listed" (for complementary and over-the-counter medicines) or "included" (for biologicals and medical devices) in the ARTG to be lawfully supplied in Australia.

Department of Health, Disability and Ageing
The Department of Health, Disability and Ageing is a department of the Australian Government that is responsible for funding and regulating health care, aged care, and certain disability programs. It is also involved in preventative health promotion and public health education initiatives. The department manages schemes such as Medicare and the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS), and statutory agencies such as the Therapeutic Goods Administration and National Blood Authority.

The department is responsible to parliament through the Minister for Health and Ageing, a cabinet minister, and is supported by two other ministers and two assistant ministers. The department secretary, Blair Comley, is responsible for the day-to-day accountability of the organisation. The Chief Medical Officer is Professor Tony Lawler and the Chief Nursing and Midwifery Officer is Allison McMillan, who both oversee clinical operations.
Sirāt
Sirāt is a 2025 drama film directed by Óliver Laxe and co-written by Santiago Fillol and Laxe. It follows a father (Sergi López) in search of his missing daughter along with his son and a group of ravers in the deserts of southern Morocco.

The film had its world premiere on 15 May 2025 in the main competition of the 78th Cannes Film Festival, where it won the Jury Prize. It was theatrically released in Spain on 6 June 2025 by BTeam Pictures, and in France on 10 September 2025 by Pyramide Films. It earned eleven nominations at the 40th Goya Awards, including Best Film and Director. At the 98th Academy Awards, it was nominated for Best International Feature Film and Best Sound.

Institute of Cinematography and Audiovisual Arts
The Institute of Cinematography and Audiovisual Arts (Spanish: Instituto de la Cinematografía y de las Artes Audiovisuales; ICAA) is a Spanish government agency, charged with the planning of policies to support the film industry and audiovisual production. It depends on the Ministry of Culture. It is a member of the European Film Promotion (EFP) network on behalf of Spain.
Jack Hobbs (horse)
Jack Hobbs (foaled 2 March 2012) is a British Thoroughbred racehorse. After winning his only race as a juvenile, he established himself as a potentially top-class colt with a twelve length win in a race at Sandown on his three-year-old debut. He finished second to his stable companion Golden Horn in both the Dante Stakes and The Derby before winning the Irish Derby by five lengths. He ran twice more in 2015, winning the September Stakes before being beaten when favourite for the Champion Stakes. His 2016 season was badly disrupted by injury and he ran only twice, failing to complete his first start and being beaten on his eventual reappearance. However, he rebounded in 2017 by winning the Sheema Classic at Meydan Racecourse on Dubai World Cup Night.

Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe
The Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe (French pronunciation: [pʁi də laʁk də tʁijɔ̃f]) is a Group 1 flat horse race in France open to thoroughbreds aged three years or older. It is run at Longchamp Racecourse in Paris over a distance of 2,400 metres (1 mile 4 furlongs). The race is scheduled to take place each year in the autumn, usually on the first Sunday in October.

With prize money of €5 million, the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe, often referred to as the Arc, is Europe's richest flat race. The prize money and prestige of the race attract entries and spectators from across the world. Since 2008 the race has been sponsored by Qatar.
Pleomerium
Pleomerium is a genus of fungi within the Meliolaceae family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Pleomerium fuscoviridescens.

it was formerly Naetrocymbe fuscoviridescens (in the Naetrocymbe genus).

Meliolaceae
The Meliolaceae are a family of fungi in the order Meliolales. Mostly tropical in distribution, species in this family are biotrophic on the leaves and stems of plants. Despite this, most species do not cause extensive damage to the host plant, and are not generally considered to be of economic significance.
2013 US Open – Men's singles
Rafael Nadal defeated Novak Djokovic in the final, 6–2, 3–6, 6–4, 6–1 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 2013 US Open. It was his second US Open title and 13th major title overall, moving him to third place on the all time men's singles major titles list, past Roy Emerson. This marked the third time in four years (following 2010 and 2011) that Nadal and Djokovic contested the final. With the win, Nadal became the third player to win the Summer Slam (having also won Canada and Cincinnati), after Pat Rafter and Andy Roddick.

Andy Murray was the defending champion, but lost in the quarterfinals to Stanislas Wawrinka.

Djokovic and Nadal were in contention for the world No. 1 singles ranking. Djokovic retained the top position by reaching the final.

Roger Federer's streak of nine consecutive US Open quarterfinals ended when he lost to Tommy Robredo in the fourth round. Federer matched Wayne Ferreira's all-time record of 56 consecutive major main draw appearances.

2011 US Open – Men's singles
Novak Djokovic defeated defending champion Rafael Nadal in a rematch of the previous year's final, 6–2, 6–4, 6–7(3–7), 6–1 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 2011 US Open. It was his first US Open title and fourth major title overall. Djokovic saved two match points en route to the title, against Roger Federer in the semifinals. This was the second consecutive US Open where Djokovic saved two match points against Federer to reach the final, and the fifth consecutive US Open where the pair played each other. Federer's defeat meant that he did not win a major in a calendar year for the first time since 2002.

Andy Roddick and John Isner, who both lost in the quarterfinals, remained the last American men to reach a major quarterfinal until Sam Querrey at the 2016 Wimbledon Championships, a span of 22 events.

This marked the last US Open appearance of 2003 finalist and former world No. 1 Juan Carlos Ferrero.
Political career of Silvio Berlusconi
The political career of Silvio Berlusconi (1994–2011) began in 1994, when Berlusconi entered politics for the first time serving intermittent terms as Prime Minister of Italy from 1994 to 1995, 2001 to 2006 and 2008 to 2011, his career was racked with controversies and trials; amongst these was his failure to honour his promise to sell his personal assets in Mediaset, the largest television broadcaster network in Italy, in order to dispel any perceived conflicts of interest.

Second Prodi government
The second Prodi government was the cabinet of the government of Italy from 17 May 2006 to 8 May 2008, a total of 722 days, or 1 year, 11 months and 21 days. The 59th cabinet of the Italian Republic, it was the only cabinet of the XV Legislature.

It was composed of 24 ministers, 10 deputy-ministers and 66 under-secretaries, for a total of 102 members.

This was the first government of the Republic in which the Communist Refoundation Party and the Italian Radicals participated directly, and the first government supported by the entire parliamentary left wing since the De Gasperi III Cabinet in 1947.
1881 Chicago mayoral election
The Chicago mayoral election of 1881 was held on April 5, saw the incumbent mayor, Democrat Carter Harrison III, defeat Republican Candidate John M. Clark. Harrison won a majority of the vote with a nearly twelve point margin of victory.

The election took place on April 5. Unlike in the previous mayoral election, the Socialist Labor Party's nominee did not have much of an impact.

Harrison's Republican opponent, John M. Clark was a Chicago alderman that had been elected to the Chicago City Council two years earlier.

Harrison's sizable victory came despite the fact that Republicans had carried the city in the 1880 elections by a similar vote margin.

Mayoral elections in Chicago
Chicago has held regularly scheduled popular elections to select the city's mayor ever since it was incorporated as a city in 1837.

Chicago currently holds regularly scheduled mayoral elections once every four years, in years prior to a presidential election.

Beginning with its 1999 mayoral election, Chicago has used a nonpartisan two-round system. Under this system, if no candidate secures an outright majority of the first-round vote a runoff will be held between the top-two finishers. No runoff is held if a candidate has secured an outright majority in the first round. Thus far, three elections (2015, 2019, 2023) have necessitated a runoff.

Up through its 1995 mayoral election, Chicago had formerly utilized partisan plurality voting.
Place des Vosges
The Place des Vosges (French: [plas de voʒ]; lit. 'Vosges Square'), originally the Place Royale ('Royal Square'), is the oldest planned square in Paris, just before the Place Dauphine. It is located in the Marais district, and it straddles the dividing-line between the 3rd and 4th arrondissements. It is an enclosed square, accessible via a main street on one of its four sides and two streets running beneath pavilions. It was a fashionable and expensive square to live in during the 17th and 18th centuries, and one of the main reasons for the chic nature of the Marais among the Parisian nobility. Along with the Place des Victoires, the Place Dauphine, the Place Vendôme and the Place de la Concorde, it is one of the five royal squares in Paris.

Place de la Concorde
The Place de la Concorde (French: [plas d(ə) la kɔ̃kɔʁd] ⓘ; "Harmony Square"), originally the Place Louis XV (Louis XV Square), and later the Place Louis XVI (Louis XVI Square), is a public square in Paris. Measuring 7.6 ha (19 acres) in area, it is the largest square in the city. It is located in the 8th arrondissement, at the eastern end of the Champs-Élysées.

The square was the site of many notable public executions, including Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette and Maximilien Robespierre in the course of the French Revolution, during which it was temporarily renamed the Place de la Révolution ('Revolution Square'). It received its current name in 1795 as a gesture of reconciliation in the later years of the revolution, although later the original name was reverted for a period. A metro station is located at the northeastern corner of Place de la Concorde on Lines 1, 8, and 12 of the Paris Métro.
Ionuț Iancu
Ionuț Alin Iancu (born 16 November 1998) is a Romanian professional kickboxer, boxer and kempo practitioner. He currently competes in the Heavyweight division of GLORY. He is the former DFS Heavyweight Champion. As of 1 May 2025, Iancu is ranked the #10 heavyweight in the world.

In 2023, Iancu also won the gold medal at the World Kempo Championships held in Caldas da Rainha, Portugal.

Kenpō
Kenpō (Japanese: 拳法,けんぽう) is the name of several martial arts. This term is often informally transliterated as "kempo", as a result of applying Traditional Hepburn romanization, but failing to use a macron to indicate the long vowel. The word Kenpō translates to "Fist Method", "ken" meaning "fist" and "po" meaning "method/technique". The generic nature of the term combined with its widespread, cross-cultural adoption in the martial arts community has led to many divergent definitions. For example, in Suiō-ryū Iai Kenpō it refers to "Battlefield sword against sword forms". In modern Japanese, the term is generally used to describe any primarily striking based system, especially of Chinese origin.
Newminster (horse)
Newminster (1848 – 2 October 1868) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse who won the St. Leger Stakes in 1851. He raced for four seasons, winning two of his ten races. He retired to stud in Yorkshire and became British champion sire in 1859 and 1863. Newminster sired the Derby winners Musjid and Hermit and the champion sires Adventurer and Lord Clifden. He was trained by John Scott and owned by Anthony Nichol throughout his racing career.

Doncaster Cup
The Doncaster Cup is a Group 2 flat horse race in Great Britain open to horses aged three years or older. It is run at Doncaster over a distance of 2 miles 1 furlong and 197 yards (3,600 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in September.
Virgia Brocks-Shedd
Virgia Brocks-Shedd (June 22, 1943 – December 4, 1992) was an American librarian and poet. She was the head librarian at the Tougaloo College library and was a founding member of multiple library associations, working to ensure African-Americans were represented in libraries. Brocks-Shedd published poetry in multiple venues and inspired an appreciation for literature in generations of students.

Tougaloo College
Tougaloo College is a private historically black college in the Tougaloo area of Jackson, Mississippi, United States. It is affiliated with the United Church of Christ and Christian Church (Disciples of Christ). It was established in 1869 by New York–based Christian missionaries for the education of freed slaves and their offspring. From 1871 until 1892 the college served as a teachers' training school funded by the state of Mississippi. In 1998, the buildings of the old campus were added to the National Register of Historic Places. Tougaloo College has an extensive history of civic and social activism, including the Tougaloo Nine.
Polypropylene
Polypropylene (PP), also known as polypropene, is a thermoplastic polymer used in a wide variety of applications. It is produced via chain-growth polymerization from the monomer propylene.

Polypropylene belongs to the group of polyolefins and is partially crystalline and non-polar. Its properties are similar to polyethylene, but it is slightly harder and more heat-resistant. It is a white, mechanically rugged material and has a high chemical resistance.

Polypropylene is the second-most widely produced commodity plastic (after polyethylene).

Methyl group
In organic chemistry, a methyl group is an alkyl derived from methane, containing one carbon atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms, having chemical formula CH3 (whereas normal methane has the formula CH4). In formulas, the group is often abbreviated as Me. This hydrocarbon group occurs in many organic compounds. It is a very stable group in most molecules. While the methyl group is usually part of a larger molecule, bonded to the rest of the molecule by a single covalent bond (−CH3), it can be found on its own in any of three forms: methanide anion (CH−3), methylium cation (CH+3) or methyl radical (CH•3). The anion has eight valence electrons, the radical seven and the cation six. All three forms are highly reactive and rarely observed.
30th Locarno Film Festival
The 30th Locarno Film Festival was held from 4 to 14 August 1977 in Locarno, Switzerland. One of the festival highlights was La Paloma, directed by Daniel Schmid, a director discovered by This Brunner. The experimental film Amerikai Anzix [American Souvenir] was met with more walk-outs than any others, while Annie Hall was screened twice due to audience enthusiasm.

The year's Cannes Palme d'Or winner Padre Padrone, directed by Paolo and Vittorio Taviani, was also shown at the festival. The festival's night showings were very popular and singlehandedly earned back a third of the festival's $200,000 budget.

The Golden Leopard, the festival's top prize, was awarded to Antonio Gramsci: The Days of Prison, directed by Lino del Fra.

Golden Leopard
The Golden Leopard (Italian: Pardo d'oro) is the top prize at the Locarno Film Festival, an international film festival held annually in Locarno, Switzerland since 1946. Directors in the process of getting an international reputation are allowed to be entered in the competitive selection. The winning films are chosen by a jury. The award went under many names until it was named the Golden Leopard in 1968. The festival was not held in 1951 and the prize was not awarded in 1956 and 1982. As of 2024 René Clair is the only director to have won the award twice, winning in the first two years of the festival.
2011 NCAA Division I tennis championships
The 2011 NCAA Division I Tennis Championships were the 65th annual men's and 29th annual women's championships to determine the national champions of NCAA Division I men's and women's singles, doubles, and team collegiate tennis in the United States. The tournaments were played concurrently during May 2011.

Three-time champion USC defeated Virginia in the men's championship, 4–3, to claim the Trojans' then-record nineteenth team national title.

Florida defeated defending champions Stanford in the women's championship, 4–3, to claim the Gators' fifth team national title.

NCAA Division I women's tennis championships
The NCAA Division I women's tennis championships are contested at an annual tournament hosted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association to determine the national champions of women's team, singles, and doubles collegiate tennis among its Division I members in the United States. It has been organized by the NCAA every year since 1982, except for 2020.

Stanford has been the most successful program across all three events (singles, doubles, and team).

The University of Georgia is the reigning team national champions, winning their third national title in 2025.

The Division I NCAA team tournament was expanded to 64 teams in 1999.
Vasıf Arzumanov
Vasıf Arzumanov (born August 6, 1988) is a Turkish retired wrestler with Azeri origin, who has won a bronze medal in the 2010 World Wrestling Championships, in his first senior championship. He is currently a PE teacher at 19 Mayıs Middle School, Büyükçekmece, Istanbul Province. He is known for both engagement with students and his discipline.

2010 World Championship – Bronze medal
Round 1: Bye
Round 2: Defeated  Kanatbek Begaliev (KGZ), 2-1(0-2, 2–0, 1–0)
Round 3: Defeated  Vladimir Pogudin (UZB), 2–1 (0-1, 2–0, 1–0)
Round 4: Defeated  Emilian Todorov (BUL), 2–0 (1–0, 6–0)
Semifinal: Lost to  Armen Vardanyan (UKR), 1-2 (1-0,1-2, 1-2)
3rd Place: Defeated  Sebastien Guenot (FRA), 2–0 (3–0, 2–0)

Armen Vardanyan
Armen Frunzekovych Vardanyan (Armenian: Արմեն Վարդանյան, Ukrainian: Армен Фрунзікович Варданян, born 30 November 1982) is an Armenian-Ukrainian Greco-Roman wrestler. He is an Olympic bronze medalist, three-time World Championships silver medalist, and two-time European Champion. He has also been awarded the Honoured Master of Sports Ukraine title.
1996–97 NCAA football bowl games
The 1996-97 NCAA College Football Bowl Games post-season schedule followed the 1996 NCAA Division I-A regular football season in college football and contained 18 bowl games. This started with the 4th annual Las Vegas Bowl and ended with the 1997 Sugar Bowl. The Sugar Bowl served as the Bowl Alliance national championship game for the 1996 season and occurred in the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans. Featuring a rematch between the #1 Florida State Seminoles and the #3 Florida Gators, the Gators reversed the outcome of their regular season game with the Seminoles to capture both the AP and Bowl Alliance championships.

1997 Sugar Bowl
The 1997 Nokia Sugar Bowl was the 63rd edition to the annual Sugar Bowl game and served as the Bowl Alliance's designated national championship game for the 1996 season. It matched No. 1 Florida State of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) against No. 3 Florida of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) in an all-Florida national championship game. Florida defeated Florida State in convincing fashion, with a final score of 52–20, and with the victory earned its first-ever consensus national championship. This remains the only national championship game to feature two teams from the same state.

This was the last time a team won their first national championship until Indiana in 2025.