hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jahan Khan Popalzai
Sardar Jahan Khan, better known simply as Jahan Khan, was the war minister and commander-in-chief (Sipah-Salar) under Ahmad Shah Abdali.

In 1747, Ahmad Shah Durrani formed the Durrani Empire after he was elected as Afghan king in Kandahar by local chiefs. Sardar Jahan Khan was appointed as the army general in chief and honoured with the title of Mir Bazan and Khān-i-Khānān.

Jahan Khan partook in the various Durrani campaigns in Khorasan and in India, including the famous Third Battle of Panipat. Jahan Khan died on 14 March 1770 due to a colic attack.

Ispahsalar
Ispahsālār (Persian: اسپهسالار) or sipahsālār (سپهسالار; lit. 'army commander'), in Arabic rendered as isfahsalār (إسفهسلار) or iṣbahsalār (إصبهسلار), was a title used in much of the Islamic world during the 10th–15th centuries, to denote the senior-most military commanders, but also as a generic general officer rank.
Battle of La Rothière
The Battle of La Rothière (1 February 1814) saw the Coalition forces of the Austrian Empire, Russian Empire, Kingdom of Prussia, Kingdom of Bavaria, and Kingdom of Württemberg attack a French army led by Emperor Napoleon. The main Coalition army was under the command of Field Marshal Karl Philipp, Prince of Schwarzenberg but Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher was given tactical control of the fighting. The Allies defeated the outnumbered and overextended French during a snowfall.

After clashing with Blücher's forces in the Battle of Brienne on 29 January, Napoleon lingered in the area too long. When the Coalition army attacked, Napoleon's troops were poorly positioned to defend themselves and it was too late to avoid battle. Nevertheless, the French army fought hard and managed to hold its ground until it could retreat under cover of darkness.

Gunther E. Rothenberg
Gunther Erich Rothenberg (11 July 1923 – 26 April 2004) was an internationally known military historian, best known for his publications on the Habsburg military and Napoleonic Wars. He had a fifteen-year military career, as a British Army soldier in World War II, an Israel Defense Forces officer in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and in the United States Air Force during the Korean War.
WWE Home Video
WWE Home Video was a video distribution and production company that distributed WWE programming. A division of WWE formed on April 16, 1997, as WWF Home Video, it replaced a similar independent company owned by Evart Enterprises, Coliseum Video which operated between 1985 and 1997. The label became defunct on December 26, 2023.

Fremantle (company)
FremantleMedia Limited, trading as Fremantle (/ˈfriːmæntəl/; formerly FremantleMedia), is a British multinational television production and distribution company based in London. The company was founded as Pearson Television in 1993 when publishing and education company Pearson acquired the former British ITV franchisee Thames Television. Fremantle takes its name from Fremantle International, which was acquired by predecessor company All American Television in 1994. Pearson Television and Bertelsmann's CLT-UFA merged in 2000 to form the RTL Group, with Pearson Television itself being renamed FremantleMedia on 20 August of the following year.

Fremantle owns non-scripted formats, including the British talent shows Idols, Got Talent and The X Factor; all of which have been sold globally. Since 1994, Fremantle has distributed American game shows locally in the United States and globally.
Invariant differential operator
In mathematics and theoretical physics, an invariant differential operator is a kind of mathematical map from some objects to an object of similar type. These objects are typically functions on , functions on a manifold, vector valued functions, vector fields, or, more generally, sections of a vector bundle.

In an invariant differential operator , the term differential operator indicates that the value  of the map depends only on  and the derivatives of  in . The word invariant indicates that the operator contains some symmetry. This means that there is a group  with a group action on the functions (or other objects in question) and this action is preserved by the operator:

Usually, the action of the group has the meaning of a change of coordinates (change of observer) and the invariance means that the operator has the same expression in all admissible coordinates.

Conformal geometry
In mathematics, conformal geometry is the study of the set of angle-preserving (conformal) transformations on a space.

In a real two dimensional space, conformal geometry is precisely the geometry of Riemann surfaces. In space higher than two dimensions, conformal geometry may refer either to the study of conformal transformations of what are called "flat spaces" (such as Euclidean spaces or spheres), or to the study of conformal manifolds that are Riemannian or pseudo-Riemannian manifolds with a class of metrics that are defined up to scale. Study of the flat structures is sometimes termed Möbius geometry, and is a type of Klein geometry.
Room 8 (film)
Room 8 is a short, six-minutes-long film that was one of several short films that won the Bombay Sapphire's Imagination Series. The film is based on a script by Oscar-winning screenwriter Geoffrey S. Fletcher. After Fletcher completed the dialogue, the script (without stage direction) was released and contestants would create their film using this dialogue. Room 8 was directed by James W. Griffiths, editing student of National Film and Television School. Griffiths won £40,000 from Bombay Sapphire to make the film. Although Room 8 takes place in London, it was filmed in Poland due to cost restraints. It premiered at the Tribeca Film Festival and later won the BAFTA Award for Best Short Film at the 67th British Academy Film Awards. It was the first and only branded film to win the award.

BAFTA Award for Best Short Film
The BAFTA Award for Best British Short Film is a film award presented by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) at the annual British Academy Film Awards. BAFTA is a British organisation that hosts annual awards shows for film, television, and video games (and formerly also for children's film and television). Since 1960, selected films have been awarded with the BAFTA award for Best Short Film at an annual ceremony.

In the following lists, the titles and names in bold with a gold background are the winners and recipients respectively; those not in bold are the nominees. The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released, not the year of the ceremony, which always takes place the following year.
The Priory, Burwood
The Priory is a heritage-listed residence at 213 Burwood Road, in the Sydney suburb of Burwood in the Municipality of Burwood local government area of New South Wales, Australia. It was built in 1877. The Priory and its grounds was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Appian Way, Burwood
Appian Way is a street in the suburb of Burwood in Sydney, Australia.

The state heritage listed Appian Way has been described as one of the finest streets of Federation houses in Australia. The picturesque houses create an asymmetrical, multi-gabled roofscape with a variety of materials used such as slate and terracotta tiles and feature varied designs. The houses are complemented with landscaped gardens, manicured lawns and a nature strip with brush box trees. The serpentine street runs between Burwood Road and Liverpool Road with a communal reserve that has been converted into a lawn tennis club.

Homes in the street are designed in various Federation styles. Many are in the Federation Queen Anne style, but other styles are also represented. Erica and St Ellero are designed in the Federation Arts and Crafts style, while Casa Tasso and Ostia are just two out of several examples of the Federation Bungalow style.
Franjo Glaser
Franjo Glaser (alternatively Glazer; 7 January 1913 – 1 March 2003) was a Croatian football goalkeeper and football manager. He is the only Yugoslav footballer who won national titles before and after the Second World War, with three clubs BSK Belgrade, Građanski Zagreb and FK Partizan.

Yugoslav First League
The Yugoslav First League (Bosnian: Prva savezna liga u fudbalu, Serbian: Прва савезна лига у фудбалу, Prva savezna liga u fudbalu, Croatian: Prva savezna nogometna liga, Slovene: Prva zvezna nogometna liga, Macedonian: Прва сојузна фудбалска лига, romanized: Prva sojuzna fudbalska liga, Albanian: Liga e parë federale e futbollit, Hungarian: Első szövetségi labdarúgó-bajnokság) was the premier football league in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1918–1941) and Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1945–1992).

The First League Championship was one of two national competitions held annually in Yugoslavia, the Yugoslav Cup being the other.

The league became fully professional in 1967.
Hyundai Stargazer
The Hyundai Stargazer is a compact multi-purpose vehicle (MPV) produced by Hyundai Motor Company in Indonesia since 2022.

The vehicle was first introduced on 15 July 2022 when the first units of the vehicle rolled off its assembly line at HMMI in Cikarang. It was launched and made its public debut at the 29th Gaikindo Indonesia International Auto Show on 11 August.

Compact MPV
Compact MPV (an abbreviation for Compact Multi-Purpose Vehicle) is a vehicle size class for the middle size of MPVs. The Compact MPV size class sits between the mini MPV and large MPV (minivan) size classes.

Compact MPVs remain predominantly a European phenomenon, although they are also built and sold in many Latin American, African, and Asian markets.  As of 2016, the only compact MPV sold widely in the United States was the Ford C-Max.
Entre-Deux
Entre-Deux (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃tʁə dø] ⓘ, French for Between-Two) is a commune on the French island and department of Réunion.  The commune gets its name from the fact that it is situated between the two main tributaries of the Saint-Étienne River: the Bras de Cilaos to the west and the Bras de la Plaine to the east.  Its location also explains the commune's motto: Deux bras, un cœur (Two arms, one heart).  Entre-Deux is bordered by the communes of Cilaos, Saint-Benoît, Saint-Louis, Saint-Pierre and Le Tampon.

Saint-Pierre, Réunion
Saint-Pierre (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ pjɛʁ] ⓘ; Reunionese Creole: Sin-Pyè) is the third-largest commune in the French overseas department and region of Réunion. Located on the southwest side of the island, it is the headquarters of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands.
Analog signal to discrete time interval converter
An analog signal to discrete time interval converter (ASDTIC) is a specialized kind of an analog-to-digital converter, which converts the analog input signal (e.g. voltage or current) to time intervals between pulses.

This conversion is a type of pulse-width modulation (PWM). The origin of the term ASDTIC lies with NASA around 1970.

ASDTIC were used in the control of DC-DC converters. For use in space-rated systems, reliable hybrid circuits were developed to implement the ASDTIC function.

Analog signal
An analog signal (American English) or analogue signal (British and Commonwealth English) is any signal, typically a continuous-time signal, representing some other quantity, i.e., analogous to another quantity. For example, in an analog audio signal, the instantaneous signal voltage varies in a manner analogous to the pressure of the sound waves.

In contrast, a digital signal represents the original time-varying quantity as a sampled sequence of quantized numeric values, typically but not necessarily in the form of a binary value. Digital sampling imposes some bandwidth and dynamic range constraints on the representation and adds quantization noise.

The term analog signal usually refers to electrical signals; however, mechanical, pneumatic, hydraulic, and other systems may also convey or be considered analog signals.
Rubus tholiformis
Rubus tholiformis is a rare North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It has been found only in eastern Canada (Québec and Nova Scotia) and the northeastern United States (Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont).

The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species. There are many rare species with limited ranges such as this. Further study is suggested to clarify the taxonomy. Some studies have suggested that R. tholiformis may have originated as a hybrid between R. setosus and R. hispidus.

Swamp dewberry
Rubus hispidus, with the common names swamp dewberry, bristly dewberry, bristly groundberry, groundberry, hispid swamp blackberry or running swamp blackberry, is North American species of dewberry in the rose family.

The plant grows in moist or sometimes dry soils, ditches, swales or open woods in central and eastern North America, from Ontario and Minnesota east to Newfoundland, and south to South Carolina and Mississippi.
Chef de Alto Nível
Chef de Alto Nível (English: High-Level Chef) is a Brazilian culinary reality competition television series which premiered on July 15, 2025, at 10:30 / 9:30 p.m. (BRT / AMT) on TV Globo. The series is hosted by Ana Maria Braga, with Alex Atala, Jefferson Rueda, and Renata Vanzetto serving as mentors and judges. It is the Brazilian adaptation of the American television series Next Level Chef, which airs on FOX.

Next Level Chef (American TV series)
Next Level Chef is an American culinary reality competition television series that premiered on Fox on January 2, 2022, with judges Gordon Ramsay, Nyesha Arrington, and Richard Blais. In February 2025, the series was renewed for a fifth and sixth season, with the fifth season premiering in January 2026. A holiday spin-off, Next Level Baker, premiered in December 2025.
Barb Morrison
Barb Morrison (born May 22, 1967) is an American recording artist, Top 5 Billboard dance chart songwriter, and Platinum record producer, best known as producer for numerous artists such as Blondie, Rufus Wainwright, Franz Ferdinand (band), LP, Asia Kate Dillon and as an ASCAP-featured film score composer.

The Cliks
The Cliks are a Canadian rock band consisting of Lucas Silveira (vocalist/guitarist), with rotating members.  The Cliks' major label debut album, Snakehouse was released on April 24, 2007 by Warner Music in Canada and by Tommy Boy Records in the United States.
Dafydd Llwyd ap Llywelyn ap Gruffudd (Dafydd Llwyd o Fathafarn)
Dafydd Llwyd ap Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, usually referred to as Dafydd Llwyd o Fathafarn (fl. c.1400–c.1490) was a Welsh language poet, a native of Mathafarn, Powys.

The bulk of Dafydd Llwyd's surviving poetry is characterised by his hopes and aspirations for a Mab Darogan ('Son of Prophecy') who would throw off the yoke of English rule and realise the restoration of an independent Wales. He was recognised as the leading authority on the prophetic lore and traditional history of Wales and was widely consulted. Like other prophetic poets of his period, Dafydd attached his hopes initially on Jasper Tudor, Earl of Pembroke, and then on his nephew Henry Tudor. Following his success at the Battle of Bosworth Dafydd composed poems in praise of Henry, his son Arthur and to Sir Rhys ap Thomas, their leading Welsh supporter and advisor.

He also composed a number of erotic poems, notably a poetic disputation with the poet Gwerful Mechain, as well as religious and secular praise poems.

Jasper Tudor
Jasper Tudor, Duke of Bedford (c. November 1431 – 21 December 1495) was the uncle of King Henry VII of England and a leading architect of his nephew's successful accession to the throne in 1485. He was a member of the Tudor family of Penmynydd.

Jasper Tudor's coat of arms, granted to him by his maternal half-brother, King Henry VI, quarters the three lilies of France with the three lions of England, with the addition of a bordure azure with martlets or (that is, a blue border featuring golden martlets).
Witton, Birmingham
Witton is an inner city area in Birmingham, England, in the metropolitan county of the West Midlands. It was within the ancient parish of Aston in the Hemlingford hundred of the historic county of Warwickshire. It is known as the home of Aston Villa Football Club at Villa Park.

Birmingham City Council
Birmingham City Council is the local authority for the city of Birmingham in the West Midlands, England. Birmingham has had an elected local authority since 1838, which has been reformed several times. Since 1974 the council has been a metropolitan borough council, a type of unitary authority. It provides the majority of local government services in the city. It is the most populous local government district in England, serving over 1.1 million people. The council has been a member of the West Midlands Combined Authority since 2016.

The council has been under Labour majority control since 2012. It is based at the Council House on Victoria Square, Birmingham.

On 6 September 2023, the council declared effective bankruptcy, and central government commissioners were subsequently appointed to run the council under emergency measures.
I Love My Country (Dutch TV series)
I Love My Country (Dutch: Ik hou van Holland) is a Dutch TV program, first aired in the Netherlands on 8 March 2008. A tenth season was aired in late 2012, with an 11th season airing in 2013. Until 2013, two seasons were aired per year on RTL 4.

The show was created by John de Mol (who also created the television formats of Big Brother, Deal or No Deal, and The Voice) and has been sold to at least 33 countries worldwide.

Ik hou van Holland
Ik hou van Holland (English: I love Holland) is a Dutch game show, presented by Linda de Mol. It is broadcasting during prime time, on Saturday nights on RTL 4. The show tests Dutch celebrities on their knowledge of the Netherlands. Present day it is taken over by SBS and will broadcast a new season from September 2019.

The show opened with the tune of the tango song after which it was named, "Ik hou van Holland", by Willy Schootemeijer. The song, sung in Dutch, was a hit in the 1930s for the Austro-Hungarian tenor Joseph Schmidt and, in the early 1970s, by the Dutch boy singer Heintje (his version is used in the theme song).
1989 Davis Cup World Group
The World Group was the highest level of Davis Cup competition in 1989. The first-round losers went into the Davis Cup World Group qualifying round, and the winners progressed to the quarterfinals and were guaranteed a World Group spot for 1990.

West Germany won the title for a second consecutive year, defeating Sweden in the final, 3–2. The final was held at the Schleyer-Halle in Stuttgart, West Germany, on 15–17 December. It was the West Germany team's 2nd Davis Cup title overall.

1989 Davis Cup World Group qualifying round
The 1989 Davis Cup World Group qualifying round was held from 20 to 24 July. They were the main play-offs of the 1989 Davis Cup. The winners of the playoffs advanced to the 1990 Davis Cup World Group, and the losers were relegated to their respective Zonal Regions I.
Geoponici
Geoponici (the Latinized form of a nonexistent Γεωπονικοί, used for convenience), or Scriptores rei rusticae, is a collective term for the Greek and Latin writers on husbandry and agriculture. In classical times this topic was regarded as a branch of economics.

Rutilius Taurus Aemilianus Palladius
Rutilius Taurus Aemilianus Palladius, also known as Palladius Rutilius Taurus Aemilianus or most often just as Palladius, was an ancient writer who wrote in Latin, and is dated variously to the later 4th century or first half of the 5th century AD. He is principally known for his book on agriculture, Opus agriculturae, sometimes known as De re rustica.
Jean-Baptiste Bory de Saint-Vincent
Jean-Baptiste Geneviève Marcellin Bory de Saint-Vincent was a French naturalist, officer and politician. He was born on 6 July 1778 in Agen (Lot-et-Garonne) and died on 22 December 1846 in Paris. Biologist and geographer, he was particularly interested in volcanology, systematics and botany. The standard author abbreviation Bory is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

Institut de France
The Institut de France (French for 'Institute of France'; French: [ɛ̃stity də fʁɑ̃s]) is a French learned society, grouping five académies, including the Académie Française. It was established in 1795 at the direction of the National Convention. Located on the Quai de Conti in the 6th arrondissement of Paris, the institute manages approximately 1,000 foundations, as well as museums and châteaux open for visit. It also awards prizes and subsidies, which amounted to a total of over €27 million per year in 2017. Most of these prizes are awarded by the institute on the recommendation of the académies.
2007 Malé bombing
The 2007 Malé bombing was a bomb blast on September 29, 2007, in Sultan Park near the Islamic Centre in the Maldivian capital Malé, injuring 6/7 foreign tourists. The park is located in the shadow Maldivian Army (MNDF) Headquarters where several surveillance cameras are trained. It was the first known bombing to take place in the Maldives.

Local media reported that the bomb was homemade, and consisted of a gas cylinder, a washing machine motor and a mobile phone. The tourists hurt were eight from China, two from Britain, and two from Japan.

A state of high alert was declared in Maldivian cities. Both the airports and ferry services in Male' were placed on high alert. The president also held a security meeting at his residence attended by Home Minister Abdullah Kamal Deen, National Security Advisor Colonel Mansoor, and Tourism Minister Mahmood Shaugy.

Islamic Centre (Maldives)
The Islamic Centre, officially named the Masjid al-Sultan Muhammad Thakurufaanu al-Auzam (Dhivehi: މަސްޖިދުއް ސުލްޠާން މުޙައްމަދު ތަކުރުފާނު އަލްއަޢުޡަމް; Arabic: مسجد السلطان محمد تكرفان الأعظم), is a Sunni Islam mosque, located in Malé, on the Kaafu Atoll, in the Maldives. The mosque was opened by President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom in November 1984.
Permanent Committee on Place Names
The Permanent Committee on Place Names (PCPN) is a geographical naming authority composed of the various Australian and New Zealand committees on geographical names.
The PCPN started in 1984 as the Committee for Geographical Names in Australia (CGNA) and it was renamed in 2005.
It was integrated within the Intergovernmental Committee on Surveying and Mapping (ICSM) in 1993. It is also associated with the Geospatial and Earth Monitoring Division of Geoscience Australia.
It contributes to the United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names.

United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names
The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN) is one of the nine expert groups of the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) and deals with the national and international standardization of geographical names. Every five years it holds the UNGEGN conference. The UNGEGN also publishes international guidelines.
Agalpur
Agalpur is a town and Block in Balangir district in the state of Odisha, India. Agalpur (Raj) a historical place and a very old human community centre. It is situated in the triangular land of "Ang" river (also Known as "Ong" river);and Two Small Rivers (in Sambalpuri language known as "Joor") "Uttali"& "Ghesali". On the extreme north, after crossing the Ong river at about 10–20 km a beautiful hill is situated known as 'Chhelia Pahad".

Balangir
Balangir also known as Bolangir, is a town  and a municipality, the headquarters of Balangir district in the state of Odisha, India. Balangir's cultural heritage makes it one of the finest places for tourists in  Odisha. Balangir municipality is divided into 21 wards.  It is spread over an area of 12,200 acres (4,900 ha).