hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
King's Minstrels
The Brotherhood of the King's Minstrels was a musicians' guild established in London, a predecessor of the Worshipful Company of Musicians.

In 1449 King Henry VI issued a decree to protect its monopoly of minstrels in England. A charter was granted to the Brotherhood in 1469 which mentioned competition from rude countryfolk and workers at various crafts who have pretended to be musicians.  Only trained licensed musicians were to perform and every professional musician was required to belong to the guild.

The last recorded meeting was in 1677.

Worshipful Company of Musicians
The Worshipful Company of Musicians is one of the Livery Companies of the City of London. Its history dates back to at least 1350. Originally a specialist guild for musicians, its role became an anachronism in the 18th century, when the centre of music making in London moved from the city to the West End, and for more than a century it was a general guild for figures in the city, with no specific musical role.  In the late 19th century, the musical element was revived, and the modern Company promotes all aspects of the art and science of music.
Acylal
Acylals in organic chemistry are a group of chemical compounds sharing a functional group with the general structure RCH(OOCR)2. Acylals are obtained by reaction of carbonyls with acetic anhydride or other acid anhydrides and a suitable catalyst, for instance with sulfated zirconia at low temperatures when used as protective groups for aldehydes. High temperature exposure converts the acylal back to the aldehyde.

Carbonyl group
In organic chemistry, a carbonyl group is a functional group with the formula C=O, composed of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom, and it is divalent at the C atom. It is common to several classes of organic compounds (such as aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acid), as part of many larger functional groups. A compound containing a carbonyl group is often referred to as a carbonyl compound.

The term carbonyl can also refer to carbon monoxide as a ligand in an inorganic or organometallic complex (a metal carbonyl, e.g. nickel carbonyl).

The remainder of this article concerns itself with the organic chemistry definition of carbonyl, such that carbon and oxygen share a double bond.
Mesopeltita
Mesopeltita is a genus of chalcid wasps. The only species, Mesopeltita truncatipennis, is a parasitoid of coccid scale insects (Ceroplastes, Lecanium, and Saissetia species); it has been found on pigeon pea, Cajanus cajan. The species has been found in many countries (Antilles, Brazil, Caribbean, Ghana, India, Japan, Mauritius, Mexico, São Tomé and Príncipe, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, United States of America, Venezuela).

Chalcid wasp
Chalcid wasps (/ˈkælsɪd/, from Greek  khalkos 'copper', for their metallic colour) are insects within the superfamily Chalcidoidea, part of the order Hymenoptera. The superfamily contains some 22,500 known species, and an estimated total diversity of more than 500,000 species, meaning the vast majority have yet to be discovered and described. The name "chalcid" is often confused with the name "chalcidid", though the latter refers strictly to one constituent family, the Chalcididae, rather than the superfamily as a whole; accordingly, most recent publications (e.g.,) use the name "chalcidoid" when referring to members of the superfamily.

Most chalcid wasps are parasitoids of other insects, though other life styles are known, with the herbivorous fig wasps acting as pollinators. Various species are used as biological pest control agents or in scientific research.
Aliza Greenblatt
Aliza Greenblatt (Yiddish: עליזה גרינבלאַט; née Waitzman; September 8, 1888 – September 21, 1975) was an American Yiddish poet. Many of her poems, which were widely published in the Yiddish press, were also set to music and recorded by composers including Abraham Ellstein, Solomon Golub, and Esther Zweig. They were also recorded by Theodore Bikel and Sidor Belarsky, among others. Greenblatt published five volumes of Yiddish poetry and an autobiography in Yiddish, Baym fentsṭer fun a lebn (A Window on a Life Yiddish: ביים פענצטער פון א לעבן) and her works include such well-known Yiddish songs as Fisherlid, Amar Abaye, and Du, Du.

Abraham Ellstein
Abraham "Abe" Ellstein (Yiddish: אַבֿרהם עלשטײן, Avrom Elshtayn, July 7, 1907 – March 22, 1963) was an American composer, bandleader and recording artist in the Yiddish theatre and Yiddish popular music milieu. Along with Sholom Secunda, Joseph Rumshinsky, and Alexander Olshanetsky, Ellstein was one of the "big four" composers of his era in New York City's Yiddish Theater District scene. His musical Yidl Mitn Fidl became one of the greatest hits of Yiddish-language cinema.
Erzya Mordovian Museum of Visual Arts
The Mordovian Republican Museum of Visual Arts Named after S.D. Erzya (Russian: Мордовский республиканский музей изобразительных искусств им. С.Д. Эрьзи) is a museum in the city of Saransk in the Mordovian Republic.

The Erzya Mordovian Museum of Visual Arts holds the world's largest collection of more than 200 works done by the famous Erzyan sculptor Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya. The museum also contains collection of works of Mordovian folk artists, such as Fedot Sychkov, and Ivan Makarov. Both of them, as well as Erzya were born in Mordovia. The museum exhibits collections of all the major art forms: painting, drawing, sculpture. There are also expositions and collections of Russian art of the 18th and 19th centuries and of the modern Russian and Mordovian art as well. In 2002, the museum was classified by the Government of Mordovia as one of the most valuable objects of cultural heritage of Mordovian people.

Saransk
Saransk (UK: /səˈrænsk/, US: /sɑːˈrɑːnsk/) is the capital city of Mordovia, Russia, as well as its financial and economic centre. It is located in the Volga basin at the confluence of the Saranka and Insar Rivers, about 630 kilometers (390 mi) east of Moscow. Saransk was one of the host cities of the official tournament of the 2018 FIFA World Cup.
The Holocaust in Germany
Jews in Germany were systematically persecuted, deported, imprisoned, and murdered as part of the Europe-wide Holocaust perpetrated by Nazi Germany. Overall, of the 522,000 Jews living in Germany in January 1933, approximately 304,000 emigrated during the first six years of Nazi rule and about 214,000 were left on the eve of World War II. Of these, 160,000-180,000 were killed as a part of the Holocaust. On 19 May 1943, only about 20,000 Jews remained and Germany was declared judenrein.

Reichsmark
The Reichsmark (German: [ˈʁaɪçsˌmaʁk] ⓘ; sign: ℛ︁ℳ︁; abbreviation: RM) was the currency of Germany from 1924 until the fall of Nazi Germany in 1945, and in the American, British and French occupied zones of Germany, until 20 June 1948. The Reichsmark was then replaced by the Deutsche Mark, to become the currency of West Germany and then all of Germany after the 1990 reunification. The Reichsmark was used in the Soviet occupation zone in Germany until 23 June 1948, where it was replaced by the East German mark. The Reichsmark was subdivided into 100 Reichspfennig (Rpf or ℛ︁₰). The mark is an ancient Germanic weight measure, traditionally a half pound, later used for several coins; Reich ('realm') comes from the official name for the German state from 1871 to 1945, Deutsches Reich.
Yau Yat Tsuen (constituency)
Yau Yat Tsuen is one of the 25 constituencies in the Sham Shui Po District of Hong Kong.

The constituency returns one district councillor to the Sham Shui Po District Council, with an election every four years. The seat is currently vacant. It was last held by Lawrence Lau Wai-chung, who defeated the then incumbent Dominic Lee Tsz-king of the Liberal Party (LP).

Derived from Tai Hang Tung & Yau Yat Tsuen in 2007, Yau Yat Tsuen constituency is loosely based on residential areas Tak Chee Yuen, Yau Yat Tsuen, Mount Beacon and the City University of Hong Kong in Kowloon Tong with estimated population of 14,650.

City University of Hong Kong
The City University of Hong Kong (CityUHK) is a public university in Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong. It was founded in 1984 as the City Polytechnic of Hong Kong and formally established as the City University of Hong Kong in 1994.

The university currently has ten main schools offering courses in business, science, engineering, liberal arts and social sciences, law, and veterinary medicine, along with the Chow Yei Ching School of Graduate Studies, CityU Shenzhen Research Institute, and Hong Kong Institute for Advanced Study.
2K Marin
2K Marin, Inc. was an American video game developer based in Novato, California. Founded in December 2007 as a spin-off from their parent, 2K, the company developed BioShock 2 (2010) and The Bureau: XCOM Declassified (2013) before laying off or relocating all staff in October 2013 and silently being closed.

Novato, California
Novato (Spanish for "Novatus") is a city in Marin County, California, United States, situated in the North Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area. At the 2020 census, Novato had a population of 53,225.
FastTracker 2
FastTracker 2 (also referred to as FastTracker II) is a music tracker created by Fredrik "Mr. H" Huss and Magnus "Vogue" Högdahl, two members of the demogroup Triton (who later founded Starbreeze Studios) who set about releasing their own tracker after breaking into the scene in 1992 and winning several demo competitions. The source code of FastTracker 2 is written in Pascal using Borland Pascal 7 and TASM. The program works natively under MS-DOS.

Cross-platform software
Within computing, cross-platform software (also called multi-platform software, platform-agnostic software, or platform-independent software) is computer software that is designed to work in several computing platforms. Some cross-platform software requires a separate build for each platform, but some can be directly run on any platform without special preparation, being written in an interpreted language or compiled to portable bytecode for which the interpreters or run-time packages are common or standard components of all supported platforms.

For example, a cross-platform application may run on Linux, macOS and Microsoft Windows. Cross-platform software may run on many platforms, or as few as two. Some frameworks for cross-platform development are Codename One, ArkUI-X, Kivy, Qt, GTK, Flutter, NativeScript, Xamarin, Apache Cordova, Ionic, and React Native.
Barbary sheep
The Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia), also known as aoudad (pronounced [ˈɑʊdæd]), is a species of caprine native to rocky mountains in North Africa and parts of West Africa. While this is the only species in genus Ammotragus, six subspecies have been described.  Although it is rare in its native North Africa, it has been introduced to North America, southern Europe, and elsewhere.  It is also known in Berber languages as waddan or arwi, and in former French territories as the mouflon.

Caprinae
The subfamily Caprinae, also sometimes referred to as the tribe Caprini, is part of the ruminant family Bovidae, and consists of mostly medium-sized bovids.  A member of this subfamily is called a caprine.

Prominent members include sheep and goats, with some other members referred to as goat antelopes. Some earlier taxonomies considered Caprinae a separate family called Capridae (with the members being caprids), but now it is usually considered either a subfamily within the Bovidae, or a tribe within the subfamily Antilopinae of the family Bovidae, with caprines being a type of bovid.
Greenville Lions (baseball)
The Greenville Lions were a minor league baseball team that existed from 1939 to 1941 and from 1946 to 1950. They played in the Alabama–Florida League in 1939, and in the Alabama State League for the rest of their existence. In 1939, they were affiliated with the Chicago White Sox, in 1940 they were affiliated with the Brooklyn Dodgers and from 1948 to 1950 with the Pittsburgh Pirates. They were based in Greenville, Alabama. Their home games were played at Greenville Stadium The team was known as the Greenville Pirates during their final years of existence.

Greenville, Alabama
Greenville is a city in and the county seat of Butler County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census, the population was 7,374. Greenville is known as the Camellia City, wherein originated the movement to change the official Alabama state flower from the goldenrod to the camellia with legislative sponsors LaMont Glass and H.B. Taylor.
Peter Kirsten
Peter Noel Kirsten (born 14 May 1955) is a former cricketer who represented South Africa in 12 Test matches and 40 One Day Internationals from 1991 to 1994. He is the current coach of the Ugandan national side, having been appointed in August 2014.

Stormers
The Stormers (known for sponsorship reasons as the DHL Stormers) is a South African professional rugby union team based in Cape Town in the Western Cape that competes in the United Rugby Championship, a trans-hemispheric competition that also involves sides from Ireland, Italy, Scotland and Wales and the domestic Currie Cup competition as the Western Province. They competed in the Super Rugby competition until 2020. They have won one major international championship, the 2021-22 United Rugby Championship, and seven South African 'conference' titles, five in the South African Conference of Super Rugby, and two in the URC equivalent, the South African Shield, while in the Currie Cup having won the competition on a record 34 occasions.
Whitsunday Airport
Whitsunday Airport (Shute Harbour) (IATA: WSY, ICAO: YSHR) is located in Flametree in the Whitsunday Region, Queensland, Australia. It is located between the popular tourist destinations of Airlie Beach, Shute Harbour  and the Whitsunday Islands.

The airport's runway has a 1,410-by-20-metre (4,626 ft × 66 ft) asphalt surface. The elevation is 40 to 60 feet (12 to 18 m).

Whitsunday Region
The Whitsunday Region is a local government area located in North Queensland, Australia. Established in 2008, it was preceded by two previous local government areas with a history extending back to the establishment of regional local government in Queensland in 1879.

It has an estimated operating budget of A$48.8m.

In the 2021 census, the Whitsunday Region had a population of 37,152 people.
Bloc for Mallorca
The Bloc for Mallorca (Catalan: Bloc per Mallorca, Bloc) was an electoral alliance in Mallorca formed by the PSM–Nationalist Agreement, United Left–The Greens Alternative (Catalan: Alternativa Esquerra Unida–Els Verds) and Republican Left of Catalonia to contest the 2007 Balearic regional election.

PSM–Nationalist Agreement
The PSM–Nationalist Agreement (Catalan: PSM–Entesa Nacionalista, PSM–EN) is a democratic socialist, environmentalist and Catalan nationalist political party of the Balearic Isles, Spain. The PSM–EN is a federated party consisting of five constituent parties.
Swedish Union of Journalists
The Swedish Union of Journalists (Swedish: Journalistförbundet, SJF) is a trade union in Sweden. It is affiliated with the Swedish Confederation of Professional Employees and the International Federation of Journalists (IFJ).

In January 2023, the SFJ considered withdrawing from the IFJ due to disagreements over the role of Russian Union of Journalists (RUJ) following the invasion of Ukraine and that union's membership in the IFJ. While a number of Nordic unions did withdraw, the SFJ chose to remain affiliated to the IFJ due to the RUJ's suspension from the IFJ and need to maintain international linkages.

Swedish Confederation of Professional Employees
The Swedish Confederation of Professional Employees (Swedish: Tjänstemännens Centralorganisation, TCO, literary White-collar workers' Central Organisation) is a national trade union centre, the umbrella organisation for 12 trade unions in Sweden that organise professional and other qualified employees in both the private and the public sectors. The affiliated trade unions represent about 1.2 million employees. In 2018, the TCO affiliated unions made up 37% of all active trade union members in Sweden (up from 17% in 1950), making the confederation the second largest of Sweden's three major confederations.: 128  The largest TCO affiliate is Unionen with 551,000 active members in 2018.: 229  TCO is independent and not affiliated to any political party in Sweden. TCO is an affiliate of the European Trade Union Confederation and Eurocadres.
Mesopotamia, Kastoria
Mesopotamia (Greek: Μεσοποταμία, before 1926: Τσετιράκι – Tsetiraki; Bulgarian/Macedonian: Чéтирок) is a village and since the 2011, a municipal unit of Kastoria Municipality, in Kastoria regional unit, Macedonia, Greece. The municipal unit has an area of 99.173 km2 with a population of 3,855 according to the 2021 Greek census. The community consists of the villages Mesopotamia and Kolokythou.

Haliacmon
The Haliacmon (Greek: Αλιάκμονας, Aliákmonas; formerly: Ἁλιάκμων, Aliákmon or Haliákmōn) is the longest river of Greece, flowing entirely on Greek soil in the region of Macedonia, with a total length of 297 km (185 mi). In Greece there are three rivers longer than Haliacmon: Evros (Greek: Έβρος), Strymonas (Greek: Στρυμόνας), both coming from Bulgaria, and Axios (Greek: Αξιός) coming from North Macedonia, but the length of each one of them in Greek territory is less than that of Haliacmon, which flows entirely in Greece. Haliacmon is the traditional English name for the river, but many sources cite the formerly official Katharevousa version of the name, Aliákmon. Today, the only official variant is the demotic Aliákmonas. It flows through the Greek regions of Western Macedonia (Kastoria, Grevena and Kozani regional units) and Central Macedonia (Imathia and Pieria regional units). Its drainage basin is 8,813 km2 (3,403 sq mi).
Science and technology in Tanzania
Science and technology in Tanzania describes developments and trends in higher education, science, technology, innovation policy, and governance in the United Republic of Tanzania since the turn of the century.

Science and technology in Botswana
Science and technology in Botswana examines recent trends and developments in science, technology and innovation policy in this country. The Republic of Botswana was one of the first countries of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) to adopt a science and technology policy in 1998. This was later updated in 2011.
Tirailleurs indochinois
The Tirailleurs indochinois (Vietnamese: Lính tập; Chữ Nôm: 𠔦習) were soldiers of several regiments of local ethnic Indochinese infantry organized as Tirailleurs by the French colonial authorities, initially in Vietnam from 15 March 1880. The most notable, and first established, of these units were the Tonkinese Rifles (French: Tirailleurs tonkinois, Vietnamese: Quân đoàn bộ binh Bắc Kỳ).

Tirailleur
A tirailleur (French: [tiʁajœʁ]), in the Napoleonic era, was a type of light infantry trained to skirmish ahead of the main columns. Later, the term "tirailleur" was used by the French Army as a designation for indigenous infantry recruited in the French colonial territories during the 19th and 20th centuries, or for metropolitan units serving in a light infantry role.

The French army currently maintains one tirailleur regiment, the 1st Tirailleur Regiment. This regiment was known as the 170th Infantry Regiment between 1964 and 1994. Prior to 1964, it was known as the 7th Algerian Tirailleur Regiment, but changed its name after it moved to France as a result of Algerian independence.
Chris Mavinga
Chris Mavinga (born 26 May 1991) is a professional footballer who plays as a centre-back. A French youth international, who was a part of the team that won the 2010 UEFA European Under-19 Championship on home soil, he has chosen to represent DR Congo at senior level.

Mavinga joined Rubin Kazan in 2013 after spending two years at French club Rennes. Prior to joining Rennes, he spent three years at the Camp des Loges, the training center of French club Paris Saint-Germain and also two years with Liverpool.

2010–11 Belgian Pro League
The 2010–11 season of the Belgian Pro League (also known as Jupiler Pro League for sponsorship reasons) is the 108th season of top-tier football in Belgium. It began on 30 July 2010 with the first match of the regular season and ended in May 2011 with the last matches of the playoff rounds. Anderlecht were the defending champions.
Chan Cheuk Kwong
Chan Cheuk Kwong (Chinese: 陳卓光; Cantonese Yale: Chàn Cheukgwōng; born 5 December 1984) is a former Hong Kong professional footballer who currently plays for Hong Kong First Division League club Wong Tai Sin.

He is renowned for his long throw-in ability, often being compared with former Stoke City midfielder Rory Delap.

Hong Kong Junior Shield
Hong Kong Junior Shield (Chinese: 香港初級組銀牌) was a football competition in Hong Kong established in 1922. All teams in the Second Division and the Third Division were included in the competition.

South China was the most successful club, winning 9 titles.
Ismail County
Ismail County was a county (județ) of Romania between 1925 and 1938 and between 1941 and 1944, in Bessarabia, with the capital city at Ismail. It was also a county of Moldavia between 1856 and 1859, and of the Principality of Romania between 1859 and 1878, in Southern Bessarabia.

Kiliia
Kiliia, Kiliya or Kilia (Ukrainian: Кілія, IPA: [kil⁽ʲ⁾iˈjɑ]; Russian: Килия; Romanian: Chilia Nouă) is a city in Izmail Raion, Odesa Oblast, southwestern Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Kiliia urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Kiliia is located in the Danube Delta, in the historic Bessarabian district of Budjak; across the river lies the town of Chilia Veche (Old Kiliia) in Romania. The Chilia branch of the Danube river, which separates Ukraine from Romania, is named after it. Population: 18,745 (2022 estimate).
Nepenthes bokorensis
Nepenthes bokorensis /nɪˈpɛnθiːz ˌbɒkɒˈrɛnsɪs/ is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Cambodia. It is known from Mount Bokor (also Phnom Bokor or Bokor Hill) in the south of the country, and an as yet undetermined specimen suggests that it may also be present in other parts of the Dâmrei Mountains of Kampot Province. The specific epithet bokorensis refers to both Mount Bokor and Bokor National Park.

Rosette (botany)
In botany, a rosette is a circular arrangement of leaves or of structures resembling leaves.

In flowering plants, rosettes usually sit near the soil, but they can also be at the top of an otherwise leafless branch or trunk. Their structure is an example of a modified stem in which the internode gaps between the leaves do not expand, so that all the leaves remain clustered tightly together and at a similar height. Some insects induce the development of galls that are leafy rosettes.

In bryophytes and algae, a rosette results from the repeated branching of the thallus as the plant grows, resulting in a circular outline.
Woore
Woore (/wʊər/ w-oor) is a village and civil parish in the north east of Shropshire, England. The population of the village as recorded in the 2011 census is 633, and for the civil parish is 1,069. The civil parish extends to about 3,950 acres (1,600 hectares).

Whitchurch, Shropshire
Whitchurch is a market town in the civil parish of Whitchurch Urban, in north of Shropshire, England. It lies 2 miles (3 km) east of the Welsh border, 2 miles south of the Cheshire border, 20 miles (30 km) north of the county town of Shrewsbury, 20 miles (30 km) south of Chester, and 15 miles (24 km) east of Wrexham. At the 2021 census, the population of the Whitchurch Urban parish was 10,141, and the population of the Whitchurch built up area was 9,855. Whitchurch is the oldest continuously inhabited town in Shropshire. Notable people who have lived in Whitchurch include the composer Sir Edward German, and illustrator Randolph Caldecott.