hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Standing chair
A standing chair is a tall support for the body—a modified chair or stool—designed for standing work or to reduce fatigue.

The precursors of standing chairs are chairs that relieve sitting discomfort by providing a more open angle between thighs and torso: traditional architects' tall stools, bar stools, and more recent bar-height tables in restaurants.

The main purpose of standing chairs has been to help standing staff and disabled persons. Research has shown that an auxiliary standing chair reduces muscle fatigue of standing workers more than an ordinary office chair. Such chairs are recommended to relieve postural constraint in standing workers. Standing chairs have been introduced in public buses for peak traffic periods and for the handicapped persons who have to travel standing up.

A standing chair should not be confused with a standing wheelchair, which helps disabled people who cannot stand on their own.

Chair
A chair is a type of seat, typically designed for one person and consisting of one or more legs, a flat or slightly angled seat and a back-rest. It may be made of wood, metal, or synthetic materials, and may be padded or upholstered in various colors and fabrics.

Chairs vary in design. An armchair has armrests fixed to the seat; a recliner is upholstered and features a mechanism that lowers the chair's back and raises into place a footrest; a rocking chair has legs fixed to two long curved slats; and a wheelchair has wheels fixed to an axis under the seat.
Miss Russia 2010
Miss Russia 2010 the 18th edition of the Miss Russia pageant, was held in Barvikha Luxury Village Concert Hall in Moscow on 6 March 2010. 51 contestants from all over Russia competed for the crown. Sofia Rudieva of Saint Petersburg crowned her successor, Irina Antonenko of Yekaterinburg, at the end of the event. Stefania Fernandez and Kaiane Aldorino participated in the event.

Miss Russia 2009
Miss Russia 2009 the 17th edition of the 
Miss Russia pageant, held on March 7, 2009 at Manezh Central Exhibition Hall in Moscow. 50 contestants from all over Russia compete for the crown. the reigning Miss World 2008, Ksenia Sukhinova of Tyumen crowned her successor Sofia Rudieva of Saint Petersburg as the brand new Miss Russia. Dayana Mendoza participated in the event.
Soubashi
The soubashi (Turkish: subaşı, Albanian: subash, Serbo-Croatian: subaša) was an Ottoman gubernatorial title used to describe different positions within Ottoman hierarchy, depending on the context. This title was given to Ottoman timar holders who generated more than 15,000 aspers per annum or to the assistants of the sanjak-bey. The term was also used for the commander of the town or castle in Ottoman Empire, an ancient version of chief of police. In the Belgrade Pashalik, where the Janissaries (known as Dahije) wrested the control of the province (1801), they appointed soubashi in Serb villages, breaking the traditional self-governing.

A surname found among Balkan families, Subaša or Subašić, is derived from the title.

Akçe
The akçe or akça (anglicized as akche, akcheh or aqcha; Ottoman Turkish: آقچه; Turkish pronunciation: [akˈt͡ʃe], [akˈt͡ʃa], in Europe known as asper) was a silver coin mainly known for being the chief monetary unit of the Ottoman Empire. It was also used in other states including the Anatolian Beyliks, the Aq Qoyunlu, and the Crimean Khanate. The basic meaning of the word is "silver" or "silver money", deriving from the Turkish word ak ('white') and the diminutive suffix -ça.
Bakhshali manuscript
The Bakhshali manuscript is an ancient Indian mathematical text written on birch bark that was found in 1881 in the village of Bakhshali, Mardan (near Peshawar in present-day Pakistan, historical Gandhara). It is perhaps "the oldest extant manuscript in Indian mathematics". In 2017, Oxford University carbon-dated samples taken from three folios to 224–383 CE and 885–993 CE. In October 2024, Oxford University revised their earlier dating to 799–1102 CE. The manner and timing of the publication of the 2017 test dates was criticised by a group of Indian mathematical historians (Plofker et al. 2017 and Houben 2018 §3). Up until September 2024 the manuscript was regarded as the earliest known Indian use of a zero symbol. It is written in a form of literary Sanskrit influenced by contemporary dialects.

Bhāskara I
Bhāskara I (c. 600 – c. 680) was a 7th-century Indian mathematician and astronomer who was the first to write numbers in the Hindu–Arabic decimal system with a circle for the zero, and who gave a unique and remarkable rational approximation of the sine function in his commentary on Aryabhata's work. This commentary, Āryabhaṭīyabhāṣya, written in 629, is among the oldest known prose works in Sanskrit on mathematics and astronomy to be completely extant today. He also wrote two astronomical works in the line of Aryabhata's school: the Mahābhāskarīya ("Great Book of Bhāskara") and the Laghubhāskarīya ("Small Book of Bhāskara").

On 7 June 1979, the Indian Space Research Organisation launched the Bhāskara I satellite, named in honour of the mathematician.
I. D. Fairchild
I. D. Fairchild (December 31, 1875 — May 1, 1928) was a Texas lawyer and businessman who served in the Texas House of Representatives and the Texas Senate. Fairchild died in a motor vehicle accident during his tenure.

Angelina County, Texas
Angelina County (/ˌændʒəˈliːnə/ AN-jə-LEE-nə) is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. It is in East Texas and its county seat is Lufkin.

As of the 2020 census, the population was 86,395. The Lufkin, TX Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Angelina County.

It was formed in 1846 from Nacogdoches County. It is named for a Hasinai Native American woman who assisted early Spanish missionaries and was called Angelina by them.
Wolfgang Scheffler (historian)
Wolfgang Scheffler  (22 July 1929, in Leipzig – 18 November 2008, in Berlin)  was a German historian. He was a graduate and later, Professor of Political Science and History at the Free University of Berlin. In the 1960s, he was engaged in massive research of the Third Reich National Socialist policy toward the Jews in unpublished archival material, on behalf of Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). He was a member of the German delegation at the Eichmann trial. In 1969, at the second Treblinka trial Scheffler submitted his expert opinion based on new evidence, estimating the total number of persons killed at the Treblinka extermination camp to be around 900,000 victims.

Treblinka trials
The two Treblinka trials concerning the Treblinka extermination camp personnel began in 1964. Held at Düsseldorf in West Germany, they were the two judicial trials in a series of similar war crime trials held during the early 1960s, such as the Jerusalem Adolf Eichmann trial (1961) and the Frankfurt Auschwitz trials (1963–65), as a result of which the general public came to realize the extent of the crimes that some two decades earlier had been perpetrated in occupied Poland by German bureaucrats and their willing executioners. In the subsequent years, separate trials dealt with personnel of the Bełżec (1963–65), Sobibor (1966), and Majdanek (1975–81) extermination camps.
Banyawol station
Banyawol Station (Korean: 반야월역; Hanja: 半夜月驛; RR: Banyawol-yeok) is a station of the Daegu Subway Line 1 in Seoho-dong and Dongho-dong, Dong District, Daegu, South Korea.
It is connected with the last stop of the downtown bus. Its use frequently is reportedly low.

Dong District, Daegu
Dong District (Korean: 동구; RR: Dong-gu; lit. East District) is a gu (district) in northeastern part of Daegu of South Korea. Daegu itself lies in the southeastern part of the Korean Peninsula. It has a population of 343,678.  The district covers 182.35 km2, or about 20% of Daegu's total area.

Dong-gu first emerged as the "eastern district office" (동부출장소) in 1938.  It achieved gu status in 1963.  In 1998, the administrative divisions were reorganized, and the former 26 dong were reorganized as 20 dong.
Antara Dua Darjat
Antara Dua Darjat 
(English: Between Two Classes) is a 1960 Singaporean Malay-language black-and-white romantic melodrama film directed by and starring Malaysian silver-screen legend P. Ramlee and Saadiah. This film revolves around the obstacle of romance for a couple of lovers (P. Ramlee and Saadiah) due to family holdings that adhere to the ladder of rank and descent which cannot unite those of high rank and low rank thus triggering bloody conflict, mental stress, family feuds up to hypocrisy and soul murder.

Saadia Gaon
Saʿadia ben Yosef Gaon or Said bin Yusuf al-Fayyumi (892–942) was a prominent rabbi, gaon, Jewish philosopher, and exegete who was active in the Abbasid Caliphate.

Saadia is the first important rabbinic figure to write extensively in Judeo-Arabic. Known for his works on Hebrew linguistics, Halakha, and Jewish philosophy, he was a student of the philosophical school known as "Jewish Kalam". In this capacity, his philosophical work entitled The Book of Beliefs and Opinions represents the first systematic attempt to integrate Jewish theology with components of ancient Greek philosophy. Saadia was also very active in opposition to Karaite Judaism in defense of Rabbinic Judaism.
Archie's law
In petrophysics, Archie's law is a purely empirical law relating the measured electrical conductivity of a porous rock to its porosity and fluid saturation. It is named after Gus Archie (1907–1978) and laid the foundation for modern well log interpretation, as it relates borehole electrical conductivity measurements to hydrocarbon saturations.

Well logging
Well logging, also known as borehole logging is the practice of making a detailed record (a well log) of the geologic formations penetrated by a borehole.  The log may be based either on visual inspection of samples brought to the surface (geological logs) or on physical measurements made by instruments lowered into the hole (geophysical logs).  Some types of geophysical well logs can be done during any phase of a well's history: drilling, completing, producing, or abandoning. Well logging is performed in boreholes drilled for the oil and gas, groundwater, mineral and geothermal exploration, as well as part of environmental, scientific and geotechnical studies.
Tonga people (Zambia and Zimbabwe)
The Tonga people of Zambia and Zimbabwe are a Bantu ethnic group of southern Zambia and  northern Zimbabwe. They are related to the Batoka who are part of the Tokaleya people in the same area, but not to the Tonga people of Malawi who  belong to a larger Tumbuka people group who speak a dialect of Chitumbuka, called Chitonga. In southern Zambia, they are patrons of the Kafue Twa.

Lwiindi is an annual festival of the Tonga people of southern Zambia. It is a thanksgiving ceremony to appease the gods for the good rains and harvest. It is held in early July.

Tokaleya
The Tokaleya people are indigenous to the area surrounding Mosi oa Tunya in Zambia and Zimbabwe. They comprise two related groups, the Toka (Batoka) and the Leya (Baleya), and they speak dialects of the Tonga language and Lozi (Zambia).

The Tokaleya have a long history in the area. For them the Mosi oa Tunya is a sacred and essential element in their culture. Mosi oa Tunya forms an integral part of their way of life and they have inhabited the area for hundreds of years. The Batoka give their name to the gorges downstream of Mosi oa Tunya.

An example of a Tokaleya village is the Songwe Village, located 5 km downstream from the Mosi oa Tunya and Musokotwane palace that holds significant history of the surrounding regions. Many specialist Botswana wilderness safaris take visitors to a traditional Tokaleya village.
Benn Levy
Benn Wolfe Levy (7 March 1900 – 7 December 1973) was a Labour Party Member of Parliament in the House of Commons (1945–1950), and a successful playwright. He was educated at Repton School and University College, Oxford and served in uniform in both World Wars.

Repton School
Repton School is a 13–18 co-educational, private, boarding and day school in the public school tradition, in Repton, Derbyshire, England.

Sir John Port of Etwall, on his death in 1557, left funds to create a grammar school which was then established at the Repton Priory. For its first 400 years, the school accepted only boys; girls were admitted from the 1970s, and the school was fully co-educational by the 1990s.

Notable alumni, also known as "Old Reptonians", include C. B. Fry, Harold Abrahams, Christopher Isherwood, Jeremy Clarkson, Andy Wilman, Roald Dahl, Adrian Newey and Archbishop Lord Ramsey of Canterbury.
Enthusiast Gaming
Enthusiast Gaming Holdings Inc. is a Canadian digital media company specializing in video game journalism. Founded in 2014 by entrepreneur Menashe Kestenbaum, the company owned the websites Destructoid and Escapist Magazine from 2014 to September 2022, as well the gaming convention Enthusiast Gaming Live Expo (EGLX). The company went public on the TSX Venture Exchange in October 2018. In January 2020, the company's listing moved to the Toronto Stock Exchange. The company was also trading on the Nasdaq from April 2021 to October 2023. Enthusiast Gaming owns a number of websites and runs an annual convention in Toronto.

Video game journalism
Video game journalism (or video game criticism) is a branch of journalism concerned with the reporting and discussion of video games, typically based on a core "reveal–preview–review" cycle. With the prevalence and rise of independent media online, online publications and blogs have grown.
Too Loud
Too Loud! is an American hand-drawn animated web series created by Nico Colaleo for DreamWorksTV. The series premiered on the DreamWorksTV YouTube channel (now Peacock Kids) on July 9, 2017. A second and final season premiered on September 18, 2019; the final episode was uploaded on November 20, 2019.

Twelve Forever
Twelve Forever is an American animated television series created by Julia Vickerman for Netflix. Vickerman had previously worked on Clarence and The Powerpuff Girls. Twelve Forever premiered in the United States on July 29, 2019.
2017 Pan American Men's Youth Handball Championship
The 2017 Pan American Men's Youth Handball Championship the XIII edition of this tournament took place in Santiago, Chile from 15 to 22 April 2017. It acts as a qualifying tournament for the 2017 Men's Youth World Handball Championship.

Pan American Men's Youth Handball Championship
The Pan American Men's Youth Handball Championship was the official competition for youth men's national handball teams of Americas, and took place every two years.

In addition to crowning the Pan American champions, the tournament also served as a qualifying tournament for the Youth World Championship and the Summer Youth Olympics (2010 and 2014).
Cora pseudobovei
Cora pseudobovei is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. Found in Bolivia, it was formally described as a new species in 2016 by Karina Wilk, Manuela Dal Forno, and Robert Lücking  The specific epithet pseudobovei refers to its resemblance to Cora bovei. The lichen is only known from the type locality, located at an altitude of 4,677 m (15,344 ft) in Madidi National Park (Franz Tamayo Province, La Paz). Here, in this puna grassland ecoregion, it grows on the ground amongst mosses.

Basidiolichen
Basidiolichens are lichenized members of the division Basidiomycota within the subkingdom Dikarya of the kingdom Fungi. They form a diverse yet much smaller group of lichens than the far more common ascolichens of the division Ascomycota. Owing to how few described species there are, basidiolichens are generally considered to be poorly researched, and few studies that characterize their natural products exist. Biogeographically, basidiolichen species may be distributed in a cosmopolitan manner or more regionally, ranging from arctic and montane habitats to more temperate and tropical environments. Morphologically, basidiocarp (fruiting body) and thallus (vegetative tissue) structures may vary widely within and between basidiolichen genera.
Lee Da-hye (swimmer)
Lee Da-hye (Korean: 이다혜; born April 5, 1987) is a South Korean swimmer, who specialized in backstroke events. Lee qualified for the women's 200 m backstroke at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, by clearing a FINA B-standard entry time of 2:14.88 from the Dong-A Swimming Tournament in Seoul. She challenged seven other swimmers in heat two, including top medal favorite Evelyn Verrasztó of Hungary. She edged out Guatemala's Gisela Morales to claim a fifth spot by half a second in 2:17.73. Lee failed to advance into the semifinals, as she placed twenty-fifth overall in the preliminaries.

Gisela Morales
Gisela Maria Morales Valentin (born 17 December 1987) is an Olympic swimmer from Guatemala. She competed at the 2004 and 2008 Olympics.

She also won two bronze medals at the 2003 Pan American Games. She attended college (and swam for) the USA's Auburn University before transferring to the University of Texas.

Morales served as Guatemala's flag-bearer at the 2004 Olympic Games, where she finished 27th and 26th in the 100m backstroke and the 200m backstroke respectively.

At the 2010 Central American and Caribbean Games, Morales won the Gold Medal in both the 50m backstroke and the 100m backstroke, and the Silver Medal in the 200m backstroke, in a close battle with Mexican competitor Fernanda González.

She represented Guatemala at the 2011 and 2015 Pan American Games.
Ekumfi (Ghana parliament constituency)
Ekumfi is one of the constituency represented in the parliament of Ghana. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the poll system of election. Ekow Othniel Kwainoe is the member of parliament for the constituency. Ekumfi is located in the Ekumfi district of the Central region of Ghana. It was formerly part of the Mfantseman East Constituency.

Mfantseman East (Ghana parliament constituency)
George Kuntu Blankson is the member of parliament for the constituency. He was elected on the ticket of the National Democratic Congress (NDC) and won a majority of 1,734 votes to become the MP. He had represented the constituency in the 4th Republic parliament.
Clopton, Suffolk
Clopton is a village and civil parish in Suffolk. It is located between Ipswich and Debenham two kilometres north of Grundisburgh on the River Lark. The village is no larger than a series of houses either side of the B1078, surrounded by farm land. The village itself has no clear centre; houses and other buildings are concentrated around the four manors of Kingshall, Brendhall, Rousehall and Wascolies, all of which are mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086.

As of 2011, the population of the parish numbered 375 people. The village previously had a school, which was built in 1875 and had capacity for 100 pupils with an average attendance of 56, however it closed in the late 1930s. Pupils instead attend schools in Grundisburgh or Woodbridge, with a bus service provided by Suffolk County Council.

Woodbridge, Suffolk
Woodbridge is a port town and civil parish in the East Suffolk district of Suffolk, England. It is 8 miles (13 km) up the River Deben from the sea. It lies 7 miles (11 km) north-east of Ipswich and around 74 miles (119 km) north-east of London. In 2011 it had a population of 7,749.

The town is close to some major archaeological sites of the Anglo-Saxon period, including the Sutton Hoo burial ship. It is well known for its boating harbour and tide mill next to the River Deben, in the Suffolk & Essex Coast & Heaths National Landscape. Several festivals are held. As a "gem in Suffolk's crown" (according to The Suffolk Coast tourist site) it has been named the best place to live in the East of England.
Accumulation function
In actuarial mathematics, the accumulation function a(t) is a function of time t expressing the ratio of the value at time t (future value) and the initial investment (present value). It is used in interest theory.

Thus a(0) = 1 and the value at time t is given by:

where the initial investment is

For various interest-accumulation protocols, the accumulation function is as follows (with i denoting the interest rate and d denoting the discount rate):

simple interest:

compound interest:

simple discount:

compound discount:

In the case of a positive rate of return, as in the case of interest, the accumulation function is an increasing function.

Future value
Future value is the value of a current sum of money or stream of cash flows at a specified date in the future, given an assumed rate of return or interest rate. It reflects the time value of money, which holds that a sum of money has different value at different points in time because it can earn a return if invested.

In finance and economics, future value is used to express how much a present present amount will grow when it earns simple interest or compound interest, and to compare different investment or borrowing options.
Pipistrel Velis Electro
The Pipistrel Velis Electro is a Slovenian light aircraft, designed and produced by Pipistrel of Ajdovščina. The aircraft was EASA CS-LSA fully electric type certified in June 2020 and it is intended primarily for the training aircraft role, particularly multiple successive take-off and landings at the airfield. The design is the first type certified electric aircraft and is supplied complete and ready-to-fly.

Visual flight rules
In aviation, visual flight rules (VFR) is a set of regulations under which a pilot operates an aircraft in weather conditions generally clear enough to allow the pilot to see where the aircraft is going. Specifically, the weather must be better than basic VFR weather minima, i.e., in visual meteorological conditions (VMC), as specified in the rules of the relevant aviation authority. The pilot must be able to operate the aircraft with visual reference to the ground, and by visually avoiding obstructions and other aircraft.

If the weather is less than VMC, pilots are required to use instrument flight rules, and operation of the aircraft will be primarily through referencing the instruments rather than visual reference. In a control zone, a VFR flight may obtain a clearance from air traffic control to operate as Special VFR.
Tenkara fishing
Tenkara fishing (Japanese: テンカラ釣り, literally: "fishing from heaven", "sky fishing", or "empty sky fishing" as ten = "sky" and kara = "empty") is a type of simple rod angling traditionally practiced in Japan. Primarily used for mountain stream trout fishing, tenkara is still a fairly rare method even among freshwater anglers in Japan, and was largely unknown outside Japan until 2009, when the company Tenkara USA, founded by Daniel Galhardo, introduced and popularized tenkara outside Japan.

Although there are similarities between tenkara and traditional Western-style fly fishing, the two techniques developed independently of each other, with tenkara being purely Japanese in origin. In addition, fly fishing uses specialized rod, reel and line and a type of ultralight fishing lure known as artificial fly, while traditional tenkara is reel-less and mostly uses real insects as bait (although modern tenkara tends to use so-called Japanese Flies).

Artificial fly
An artificial fly or fly lure is a type of fishing lure, usually used in the sport of fly fishing (although they may also be used in other forms of angling). In general, artificial flies are an imitation of aquatic insects that are natural food of the target fish species the fly fishers try to catch. Artificial flies are constructed by fly tying, in which furs, feathers, thread or any of very many other materials are tied onto a fish hook.

Artificial flies may be constructed to represent all manner of potential preys to freshwater and saltwater fish, including aquatic and terrestrial insects, crustaceans, worms, spawn, small baitfish, reptiles, amphibians, mammals and even birds. Effective artificial fly patterns are said to be killing flies because of their ability to put fish in the creel for the fly fisher. There are thousands of artificial fly patterns, many of them with descriptive and often idiosyncratic names.