hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Silphium wasiotense
Silphium wasiotense, commonly called Appalachian rosinweed, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native eastern to North America, where it is endemic to the Cumberland Plateau of Kentucky and Tennessee. Its natural habitat is in dry open woodlands. It is considered rare throughout its range.

Silphium wasiotense is an erect herbaceous perennial. It has large, toothed, persistent basal leaves, and similar cauline leaves which are reduced in size up the stem. Silphium wasiotense can be distinguished from the similar looking Silphium brachiatum and Silphium mohrii by its combination of cordate to subcordate leaf bases and hispid stem. It produces yellow flowers in late summer and fall.

Silphium mohrii
Silphium mohrii, known by the common names Mohr's rosinweed and shaggy rosinweed, is a species of  flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to the Southeastern United States, where it is native only to northern Alabama, southern Tennessee, and extreme northwest Georgia. It is native to prairie remnants and rocky limestone openings. Because of its restricted range and severely declined habitat, it is considered a vulnerable species.

It produces heads of yellow flowers in late summer.
2017 Santaizi ATP Challenger
The 2017 Santaizi ATP Challenger will be a professional tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts. It will be the fourth edition of the tournament which will be part of the 2017 ATP Challenger Tour. It will take place in Taipei, Taiwan between 17 and 23 April.

2017 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour, in 2017, was the secondary men's professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2017 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprises 155 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $50,000 up to $150,000. It was the 40th edition of the challenger tournaments cycle, and 9th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Hams Prairie, Missouri
Hams Prairie (originally Ham's Prairie) is an unincorporated community in Callaway County, Missouri, United States. The town is located 5.5 miles south-southeast of Fulton on Missouri Route C. Mokane on the north edge of the Missouri River floodplain is six miles further south along Route C.

Hams Prairie is named for Rev. John Ham, a Methodist minister who arrived in Callaway County in 1815 and cut his name on a tree at the edge of the prairie one year later. A post office called Hams Prairie was established in 1865, and remained in operation until 1907.

Fulton, Missouri
Fulton is the largest city in and the county seat of Callaway County, Missouri, United States. Located about 22 miles (35 km) northeast of Jefferson City and the Missouri River and 20 miles (32 km) east of Columbia, the city is part of the Jefferson City, Missouri, Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 12,600 at the 2020 census. The city is home to two universities, Westminster College and William Woods University; the Missouri School for the Deaf; the Fulton State Hospital; and the Fulton Reception and Diagnostic Center state prison. Missouri's only nuclear power plant, the Callaway Plant is located 13 miles (21 km) southeast of Fulton.
Banak, Norway
Banak is a small peninsula in Porsanger Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. It juts into the Vestbotn bay of the vast Porsangerfjorden. Located immediately north of the village of Lakselv, the peninsula has Brennelvfjorden to its east and the river Lakselva to the east. Banak is the site of Lakselv Airport, Banak and Banak Air Station.

A temperature of 32 °C (90 °F) was recorded in Banak on 30 July 2018, considered very unusual for a location in the Arctic Circle, as part of the 2018 European heat wave. On 29 June 2022, as part of the June 2022 European heat wave, a temperature of 32.5 °C (90.5 °F) was recorded, reported as the highest temperature ever recorded in the Arctic circle. However, both Verkhoyansk and Fort Yukon, Alaska have recorded higher temperatures of 38.0 °C (100.4 °F) and 37.8 °C (100.0 °F) respectively.

Lakselva
Lakselva (Northern Sami: Leavdnjajohka; Kven: Lemmijoki) is a river in Finnmark county in northern Norway. It begins in Karasjok Municipality runs north through Porsanger Municipality into the Porsangerfjorden, a fjord off of the Barents Sea. The 103-kilometre (64 mi) long river runs past the village of Lakselv. The European route E06 highway runs along the river for much of its course. The river is famous for its Atlantic salmon fishing.
History of unmanned aerial vehicles
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) include both autonomous (capable of operating without human input) drones and remotely piloted vehicles (RPVs). A UAV is capable of controlled, sustained level flight and is powered by a jet, reciprocating, or electric engine. In the twenty-first century, technology reached a point of sophistication that the UAV is now being given a greatly expanded role in many areas of aviation.

A UAV differs from a cruise missile in that a UAV is intended to be recovered after its mission, while a cruise missile impacts its target. A military UAV may carry and fire munitions on board, while a cruise missile is a munition. Loitering munitions are a class of unmanned aircraft intermediate between them.

Radio control
Radio control (often abbreviated to RC) is the use of control signals transmitted by radio to remotely operate a device. Examples of simple radio control systems are garage door openers and keyless entry systems for vehicles, in which a small handheld radio transmitter unlocks or opens doors.  Radio control is also used for control of model vehicles from a hand-held radio transmitter. Industrial, military, and scientific research organizations make use of radio-controlled vehicles as well.  A rapidly growing application is control of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs or drones) for both civilian and military uses, although these have more sophisticated control systems than traditional applications.
Hazlewood Castle
Hazlewood Castle is a country residence, now a hotel, in North Yorkshire, England, by the A1 and A64 between Aberford and Tadcaster. It is one of the oldest fortified houses to survive in the whole of Yorkshire.

The site overlooked the battlefield for the Battle of Towton in 1461, and during the persecution of Catholics through the reign of Henry VIII provided refuge for Catholic priests.

Fanlight
A fanlight is a form of lunette window (transom window), often semicircular or semi-elliptical in shape, with glazing bars or tracery sets radiating out like an open fan. It is placed over another window or a doorway, and is sometimes hinged to a transom. The bars in the fixed glazed window spread out in the manner of a sunburst. It is also called a sunburst light. In federation housing it is also called a toplight or top light.
Chicken Shack
Chicken Shack are a British blues and rock band, founded in the mid-1960s by Stan Webb (guitar and vocals), Andy Silvester (bass guitar), and Alan Morley (drums), who were later joined by Christine Perfect (later McVie) (vocals and keyboards) in 1967. Chicken Shack has performed with various line-ups, Stan Webb being the only constant member.

Keef Hartley
Keith "Keef" Hartley (8 April 1944 – 26 November 2011) was an English drummer and bandleader. He fronted his own band, known as the Keef Hartley Band or Keef Hartley's Big Band, and played at Woodstock. He was later a member of Dog Soldier, and variously worked with Rory Storm, the Artwoods and John Mayall.
Henry Martens
Henry Martens (1790, London – 1868, London) was an English military illustrator and artist.  He worked mainly in water-color although a few oil paintings do exist. He was the eldest of three sons of Christoph Heinrich (anglice Christopher Henry) Martens and his wife Rebecca, the others being John William and Conrad.

Xhosa Wars
The Xhosa Wars were a series of nine wars (from 1779 to 1879) between the Xhosa Kingdom and the British Empire as well as Trekboers from the Dutch colonial empire in what is now the Eastern Cape in South Africa.

Tensions existed between the various Europeans in the Cape region, tensions between Empire administration and colonial governments, and tensions within the Xhosa Kingdom, e.g. chiefs rivaling each other, which usually led to Europeans taking advantage of the situation to meddle in Xhosa politics. A perfect example of this is the case of chief Ngqika and his uncle, chief Ndlambe.

The conflicts between the Xhosa and British were covered extensively in the metropolitan British press, generating increased demand among the British public for information about their country's far-off colonial conflicts.
Nasir Mahmood Khosa
Nasir Mahmood Khosa is a retired Pakistani civil servant from Dera Ghazi Khan who belonged to the Pakistan Administrative Service and served in BPS-22 grade, the highest attainable rank for a serving officer. He was promoted to the rank of Federal Secretary in 2010.

Khosa has an outstanding civil service record, having held the most coveted bureaucratic assignments in the country. He served as the 22nd Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister of Pakistan, as well as the administrative boss of two provinces as Chief Secretary Punjab and Chief Secretary Balochistan. Khosa also served as executive director at the World Bank from 2013-2017.

Khosa is the brother of former Chief Justice Asif Saeed Khosa and Tariq Khosa, former director general of the Federal Investigation Agency. He is also the maternal cousin of former Governor Punjab Latif Khosa.

Chief Secretary of Balochistan
The Chief secretary of Balochistan (Urdu: مُعْتَمَد اعلٰی بلوچستان), also referred to as CS Balochistan, is the bureaucratic chief and highest-ranking official of the Government of Balochistan, Pakistan. The appointment of the chief secretary is appointed directly by the Prime Minister of Pakistan. The position of chief secretary is equivalent to the rank of Federal Secretary and the position holder usually belongs to the Pakistan Administrative Service.

The chief secretary is the province's administrative boss as all the divisional commissioners and administrative secretaries of province report to him. The CS in turn reports to the chief minister of Balochistan, however the chief secretary is not under the charge of the chief minister as only the prime minister can appoint or remove the CS from his position. The chief secretary also serves as the chief advisor to the chief minister and as secretary to the provincial Cabinet.
Tony Succar
Antonio Guillermo "Tony" Succar (born 18 May 1986), is a Peruvian naturalized American percussionist, composer, arranger, bandleader, and producer. Succar won two Latin Grammy Awards in 2019 for Best Salsa Album and Producer of the Year. In 2025, he won the Grammy Award for Best Tropical Latin Album along with his mother, the Peruvian singer Mimy Succar.

La India
Linda Bell Viera Caballero (born March 9, 1969), known professionally as La India, is a Puerto Rican singer and songwriter of salsa, house music and Latin pop. La India has been nominated for both Grammy and Latin Grammy Awards, winning the Latin Grammy Award for Best Salsa Album for the Intensamente La India Con Canciones De Juan Gabriel album.
Kadoorie Agricultural High School
Kadoorie Agricultural High School, sometimes spelled "Kadouri" or "Kaduri", is an agricultural school and youth village in Israel situated next to Mount Tabor in the Lower Galilee, two kilometers north of Kfar Tavor. Founded in 1933, it had a population of 153 in 2023.

Youth village
A youth village (Hebrew: כפר נוער, romanized: Kfar No'ar) is a boarding school model first developed in Mandatory Palestine in the 1930s to care for groups of children and teenagers fleeing the Nazis. Henrietta Szold and Recha Freier were the pioneers in this sphere, known as youth aliyah, creating an educational facility that was a cross between a European boarding school and a kibbutz.
2012 American Express – TED Open
The 2012 American Express – TED Open was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the 25th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2012 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Istanbul, Turkey between 10 and 16 September 2012.

2012 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2012 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 15 top tier Tretorn SERIE+ tournaments, and a total of 148 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $35,000 up to $150,000.
Yesken Sergebayev
Yesken Amanzholovich Sergebayev (born on 19 May 1940 in Almaty, KazSSR)- is a prominent Soviet and Kazakh sculptor, former Dean of Paintings and Sculptor Faculty, currently he is the Professor and Head of Sculptor Department of Kazakh National Academy of Arts named after T.Zhurgenov.

In 1982 Yesken Sergebayev got The State Prize for the monument of Mukhtar Auezov.

In 1983 Yesken Sergebayev got The Honored Art Worker State Prize.

In 2008 Yesken Sergebayev got The Order of Nobility (Order of Parasat) as a notable figure in the arts field of Kazakhstan.

Abai Qunanbaiuly
Abai Qūnanbaiūly (10 August [O.S. 29 July] 1845 – 6 July [O.S. 23 June] 1904) was a Kazakh poet, composer and Hanafi Maturidi theologian philosopher. He was also a cultural reformer toward European and Russian cultures on the basis of enlightened Islam.
Bertrange-Strassen railway station
49°36′40″N 06°03′28″E﻿ / ﻿49.61111°N 6.05778°E﻿ / 49.61111; 6.05778

Bertrange-Strassen railway station (Luxembourgish: Gare Bartreng-Stroossen, French: Gare de Bertrange-Strassen, German: Bahnhof Bertringen-Strassen) is a railway station in Bertrange, in south-western Luxembourg.  It also serves the town of Strassen, which lies to the north.  It is operated by Chemins de Fer Luxembourgeois, the state-owned railway company.

The station is situated on Line 50, which connects Luxembourg City to the west of the country and the Belgian town of Arlon.

Bertrange
Bertrange (French pronunciation: [bɛʁtʁɑ̃ʒ]; Luxembourgish: Bartreng [ˈbɑχtʀeŋ] ⓘ; German: Bartringen [baʁtʁɪŋən]) is a commune and town in south-western Luxembourg. It is located 6.5 km west of Luxembourg City.

As of 2023, the commune has a population of 8,668, of which just over half are Luxembourgers. People of over 102 different nationalities live in the commune.

To the north of the town of Bertrange, on the other side of the route d'Arlon, is the village of Tossenberg, next to which is Luxembourg's largest shopping centre, La Belle Etoile.
882 Naval Air Squadron
882 Naval Air Squadron (882 NAS), also referred to as 882 Squadron , was a Fleet Air Arm (FAA) naval air squadron of the United Kingdom's Royal Navy (RN). It was formed as a carrier based fighter squadron in July 1941 and served through the rest of the Second World War, operating with Hawker Sea Hurricane, Grumman Martlet and Grumman Wildcat.

It took part in the British invasion of Madagascar and Operation Torch, the Anglo-American invasion of North Africa in 1942, and in the invasion of Southern France in August 1945, also taking part in operations in the Aegean and off Norway. It was disbanded after the end of the war, in October 1945.

HMS Searcher (D40)
HMS Searcher was a Ruler-class escort carrier of the Royal Navy. Built in Seattle as a Bogue-class, she was transferred to the United Kingdom under Lend-Lease. Launched in 1942 she served until 29 November 1945. She was sold into merchant service and renamed Captain Theo. In 1966, she was renamed again to Oriental Banker and was finally scrapped in Taiwan in 1976.
Bill Frederick
Willard "Bill" Drawn Frederick (born July 6, 1934) is a former American politician who served as the 30th Mayor of Orlando, Florida, from 1981 to 1992, succeeding after Mayor Carl Langford.

Frederick was a member of the Democratic Party until 1999, when he switched to the Republican Party.

Carl T. Langford
Carl T. Langford (July 23, 1918 – July 9, 2011) was an American politician who was Mayor of Orlando, Florida, from 1967 to 1980. He served in the United States Army from 1941 until 1946 with the rank of Major. He was also one of the first two Eagle Scouts in the state to be awarded the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award. Returning to Florida after his military service, Carl attended the University of Florida and graduated Magna Cum Laude in 1948.

Langford died July 9, 2011, at age 92. He was interred at Greenwood Cemetery.
 Sigma Alpha Epsilon University of Florida 1936 -1948.
Casimir Gzowski
Sir Casimir Stanislaus Gzowski, KCMG (born Kazimierz Stanisław Gzowski; March 5, 1813 – August 24, 1898), was a Polish engineer who was known for his work on a wide variety of Canadian railways, as well as work on the Welland Canal. He also served as acting Lieutenant Governor of Ontario from 1896 to 1897.

Lieutenant Governor of Ontario
The lieutenant governor of Ontario (/lɛfˈtɛnənt/, in French: Lieutenant-gouverneur (if male) or Lieutenante-gouverneure (if female) de l'Ontario) is the representative in Ontario of the monarch, who operates distinctly within the province but is also shared equally with the ten other jurisdictions of Canada. The lieutenant governor of Ontario is appointed in the same manner as the other provincial viceroys in Canada and is similarly tasked with carrying out most of the monarch's constitutional and ceremonial duties. The current lieutenant governor of Ontario is Edith Dumont, sworn in on November 14, 2023.
Logie Awards of 2017
The 59th Annual TV Week Logie Awards were held on Sunday 23 April 2017 at the Crown Palladium in Melbourne, and broadcast live on the Nine Network. Public voting for the Best Award categories began on 20 November 2016 and ended on 18 December 2016.

Following the return of the Logie Award for Best Factual Program category at the 2016 Logie Awards, the 2017 Awards reinstated the category of Logie Award for Most Outstanding Factual or Documentary Program, which is not a publicly voted category.

Dannii Minogue was named as 2017 Logies ambassador.

Logie Awards of 2016
The 58th Annual TV Week Logie Awards were held on Sunday 8 May 2016 at the Crown Palladium in Melbourne, and broadcast live on the Nine Network. Public voting for the Best Award categories began on 16 November 2015, and ended on 17 January 2016. Nominations were announced on 3 April 2016, along with the winners of the Outstanding Newcomer Awards.

It was announced on 4 November 2015, that the 2016 Logie Awards would reinstate the Logie Award for Best Factual Program, as well as a new publicly voted category for Best News Panel or a Current Affairs Program. Two new industry-voted awards were also given, Logie Award for Most Outstanding Supporting Actor and Actress. Additionally, all publicly voted category awards changed their title from "Most Popular" to "Best" awards.
Berber Academy
Académie Berbère d'Échange et de Recherches Culturels, usually shortened to Académie Berbère or the Berber Academy was a Paris-based Kabyle cultural association formed in 1966 and officially authorized in March 1967 with the objective of raising Berber consciousness. The association was renamed Agraw Imazighen (English: Assembly of the Imazighen) in Tamazight in 1969.

Berberism
Berberism is a Berber ethnonationalist movement that started in Kabylia in Algeria during the French colonial era with the Kabyle myth, largely driven by colonial capitalism and France's divide and conquer policy. The Berberist movement originally manifested itself as anti-Arab racism, Islamophobia, and Francophilia, that was sanctioned and sponsored by French colonial authorities. The movement later spread to other Berber communities in the Maghreb region of North Africa and was facilitated by colonial policies such as the Berber Dahir in Morocco. The Berberist movement in Algeria and Morocco is in opposition to cultural Arabization, pan-Arabism, and Islamism. Some Berberist movements, particularly those in the diaspora such as MAK, may pursue separatist agendas aimed at secession from Maghrebi states.
Centro Sportivo Alagoano
Centro Sportivo Alagoano (CSA) is a Brazilian professional football club based in Maceió, Alagoas. It competes in Série D, the Fourth tier of Brazilian football, and Campeonato Alagoano, the top flight of the Alagoas state football league.

Founded on 7 September 1913, the home stadium is the Estádio Rei Pelé stadium, which has a capacity of 20,000. CSA's greatest rival is CRB.

Maceió
Maceió (Portuguese pronunciation: [masejˈjɔ]), formerly anglicised as Maceio, is the capital and the largest city of the coastal state of Alagoas, Brazil. The name "Maceió" is an Indigenous term for a spring.

Most maceiós flow to the sea, but some get trapped and form lakes ("lagoas", in Portuguese). There are numerous maceiós and lakes in this part of Brazil; because of this, the city was named Maceió, and the state, Alagoas. The new Zumbi dos Palmares International Airport connects Maceió with many Brazilian cities and also operates some international flights. The city is home to the Federal University of Alagoas.
Outline of hydrology
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to hydrology:

Hydrology – study of the movement, distribution, and quality of water on Earth and other planets, including the hydrologic cycle, water resources and environmental watershed sustainability.

Water quality
Water quality refers to the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of water based on the standards of its usage. It is most frequently used by reference to a set of standards against which compliance, generally achieved through treatment of the water, can be assessed. The most common standards used to monitor and assess water quality convey the health of ecosystems, safety of human contact, extent of water pollution and condition of drinking water. Water quality has a significant impact on water supply and often determines supply options.
Mental reservation
Mental reservation (or mental equivocation) is an ethical theory and a doctrine in moral theology which recognizes the "lie of necessity", and holds that when there is a conflict between justice and telling the truth, it is justice that should prevail. The doctrine is a special branch of casuistry (case-based reasoning) developed in the late Middle Ages and the Renaissance. While associated with the Jesuits, it did not originate with them. It is a theory debated by moral theologians, but not part of Canon law.

Sissela Bok
Sissela Bok (born Myrdal; 2 December 1934) is a Swedish-born American philosopher and ethicist, the daughter of two Nobel Prize winners: Gunnar Myrdal who won the Economics prize with Friedrich Hayek in 1974, and Alva Myrdal who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1982.  She is considered one of the premier American moral philosophers of the latter part of the 20th century.
Acme Commodity and Phrase Code
Acme Commodity and Phrase Code is a codebook providing the general-purpose commercial telegraph code known as the Acme Code. It was published in 1923 by the Acme Code Company. The book provides a listing of condensed terms and codes used to shorten telegrams and save money. The book was extremely popular amongst businesses in the 1930s. This code was one of the few telegram codes permitted by the Allied powers during the Second World War.

Telegram
A telegram is a written or printed message, originally sent through telegraphy. The use of the telegrams was popular for social and business correspondence in the latter half of the 19th and the first half of the 20th century. Even in the telephone age, the telegram remained popular, and spawned its own style of writing that in turn persisted in other media. Telegram services still exist today, though the popularity has largely waned, replaced by other forms of text communication.