hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Griffin Warrior Tomb
The Griffin Warrior Tomb is a Bronze Age shaft tomb dating to around 1450 BC, near the ancient city of Pylos in Greece. The grave was discovered by a research team sponsored by the University of Cincinnati and led by husband-and-wife archaeologists Jack L. Davis and Sharon Stocker.  The tomb site was excavated from May to October 2015.

During the initial six month excavation, the research team uncovered an intact adult male skeleton and excavated 1400 objects including weapons, jewels, armour and silver and gold artifacts. Since 2015, the number of artifacts recovered from the grave has reached over 3500 items, including a historically significant Minoan sealstone called the Pylos Combat Agate and four signet gold rings with detailed images from Minoan mythology.

Palace of Nestor
37°01′38″N 21°41′42″E﻿ / ﻿37.02722°N 21.69500°E﻿ / 37.02722; 21.69500

The Palace of Nestor (Modern Greek: Ανάκτορο του Νέστορα) was an important centre in Mycenaean times, and described in Homer's Odyssey and Iliad as Nestor's kingdom of "sandy Pylos".

The palace featured in the story of the Trojan War, as Homer tells us that Telemachus:

The site is the best preserved Mycenaean Greek palace discovered. The palace is the primary structure within a larger Late Helladic era settlement, once probably surrounded by a fortified wall. The palace was a two-storey building with store rooms, workshops, baths, light wells, reception rooms and a sewage system.

The settlement had been long occupied, with most artifacts discovered dating from 1300 BC. The palace complex was destroyed by fire around 1250 BC.

In June 2016, the site reopened to the public after the roof was replaced by a modern structure with raised walkways for visitors.
Thomas A. Burke
Thomas Aloysius Burke (October 30, 1898 – December 5, 1971) was an American politician from Ohio.  A member of the Democratic Party, he served as the 48th mayor of Cleveland, Ohio, from 1946 to 1953 and in the United States Senate from November 10, 1953 until December 2, 1954. Cleveland Burke Lakefront Airport is named after him.

Mayor of Cleveland
The mayor of Cleveland is the head of the executive branch of government of the City of Cleveland, Ohio. As the chief executive in Cleveland's mayor–council (strong mayor) system, the mayor oversees all city services and is "responsible for enforcing the city charter, city ordinances, and the laws of the State of Ohio." The mayor's office is located at Cleveland City Hall at 601 Lakeside Avenue in Downtown Cleveland. Since 1836, the city has had a total of 54 mayors, including the city's current mayor, Justin Bibb, encompassing 58 mayoral administrations, as four mayors have served in non-consecutive terms.
Kist people
The Kists (Georgian: ქისტები, kist'ebi; Chechen: P'ängazxuoj) are a Chechen sub-ethnic group in Georgia. They primarily live in the Pankisi Gorge, in the eastern Georgian region of Kakheti, where there are approximately 5,700 Kist people. The modern Kists are not to be confused with the historical term Kists, an ethnonym of Georgian origin, which was used to refer to the Nakh peoples in the Middle Ages.

Vainakh religion
The Vainakh peoples of the North Caucasus (Chechens and Ingush) were Islamised comparatively late, during the early modern period, and Amjad Jaimoukha (2005) proposes to reconstruct some of the elements of their pre-Islamic religion and mythology, including traces of ancestor worship and funerary cults. The Nakh peoples, like many other peoples of the North Caucasus such as Circassians, practised tree worship, and believed that trees were the abodes of spirits. Vainakh peoples developed many rituals to serve particular kinds of trees. The pear tree held a special place in the faith of Vainakhs.
History of cities
Towns and cities have a long history, although opinions vary on which ancient settlements are truly cities. Historically, the benefits of dense, permanent settlement were numerous, but required prohibitive amounts of food and labor to maintain. Ancient cities allowed for the pooling of resources, exchange of ideas, large marketplaces, and even some shared amenities such as drinking water, sewerage, law enforcement, and roads. The first cities formed and grew once these benefits of proximity between people exceeded the cost of work required to maintain a settlement. Various technologies such as bricks, pottery, and animal taming played a large role in the costs and benefits of maintaining the earliest forms of cities. Cities were first made possible by advances in technology.

Urbanization in China
Urbanization in the People's Republic of China increased in speed following the initiation of the reform and opening up policy. According to the Chinese government, the country's urbanization rate was 67 percent at end of 2024. According to the United Nations, the country's urbanization rate was 83.7 percent in 2025, having peaked in absolute numbers in 2021.
Marseilles, Free State
Marseilles is a town in Free State, South Africa. It is infrequently served by a station of the South African Railways.

The town is located 113 km east of Bloemfontein and 24 km west of Ladybrand. It was named after the port city of Marseille in France (historically spelt Marseilles in English).

Ladybrand
Ladybrand is a small agricultural town in the Free State province of South Africa, situated 18 km from Maseru, the capital of Lesotho. Ladybrand is one of five towns that forms the Mantsopa Local Municipality.  Founded in 1867 following the Basotho Wars, it was named after Lady (Catharina) Brand, the mother of the president of the Orange Free State, Johannes Brand.

The settlement of Ladybrand was created by Voortrekkers to give them control over the territories conquered and captured after the above-mentioned Basotho war.
1992 Buenos Aires Grand Prix – World Cup Formula 3000
The 1992 Buenos Aires Grand Prix was a motor race held at Buenos Aires on December 13, 1992, in the Autódromo Oscar Alfredo Gálvez.

It was titled the World Cup Formula 3000 and was a one-off non-championship event. While most of the field comprised teams from the 1992 International Formula 3000 season, the field of 20 drivers was primarily a mix of F3000, British Formula 2 and Formula 3 Sudamericana drivers, along with a handful of drivers from junior European formula.

Formula 3000
Formula 3000 (F3000) was a type of open wheel, single seater formula racing, occupying the tier immediately below Formula One and above Formula Three.  It was so named because the cars were powered by 3.0 L engines.
Sigma1 Tauri
Sigma1 Tauri (σ1 Tauri) is the Bayer designation for a white-hued star in the zodiac constellation of Taurus. It has an apparent visual magnitude of +5.07, which indicates it is visible to the naked eye. Based upon parallax measurements, σ1 Tauri is about 147 light-years from the Sun.

σ1 Tauri is a single-lined spectroscopic binary star system with an orbital period of 38.951 days and an eccentricity of 0.15. The visible component is an Am star with a stellar classification of A4m, indicating it is chemically peculiar A-type star. It is spinning with a projected rotational velocity of 56.5 km/s. The star has 1.9 times the mass of the Sun and is radiating 14.7 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 8,470 K. Although it lies in the general direction of the Hyades cluster, based on parallax measurements it has been excluded from the list of candidate members.

Bayer designation
A Bayer designation is a stellar designation in which a specific star is identified by a Greek or Latin letter followed by the genitive form of its parent constellation's Latin name. The original list of Bayer designations contained 1564 stars. The brighter stars were assigned their first systematic names by the German astronomer Johann Bayer in 1603, in his star atlas Uranometria. Bayer catalogued only a few stars too far south to be seen from Germany, but later astronomers (including Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille and Benjamin Apthorp Gould) supplemented Bayer's catalog with entries for southern constellations.
Etlingera loerzingii
Etlingera loerzingii is a monocotyledonous plant species first described by Theodoric Valeton, and given its current name by Rosemary Margaret Smith. Etlingera loerzingii is part of the genus Etlingera and the family Zingiberaceae.

The species' range is Sumatra. No subspecies are listed in the Catalog of Life.

Etlingera
Etlingera is a genus of Indo-Pacific herbaceous perennial flowering plants in the ginger family, Zingiberaceae, consisting of more than 100 species found in tropical regions of Afro-Eurasia.

Some of the larger species have leafy shoots reaching almost 10 metres high, and the bases of these shoots are so stout as to seem almost woody.  Others of the species grow as clumps of leafy shoots; while others have such long creeping rhizomes that each of their leafy shoots can be more than a metre apart.

Unique and distinctive to all Etlingera is a tube forming above the point where the base of the flowers petals joins onto the plant (i.e. above the  insertion of the  corolla lobes).
Ivachiv
Ivachiv (Ukrainian: Івачів; Ukrainian Pronunciation: Iva-ch-eev) is a Ukrainian village located near the city of Ternopil in Ternopil Raion of Ternopil Oblast. It belongs to Zboriv urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

Until 18 July 2020, Ivachiv belonged to Zboriv Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Ternopil Oblast to three. The area of Zboriv Raion was merged into Ternopil Raion.

Zboriv urban hromada
Zboriv urban territorial hromada (Ukrainian: Зборівська територіальна громада, romanized: Zboriv miska terytorialna hromada) is a hromada in Ukraine, in Ternopil Raion of Ternopil Oblast. The administrative center is the city of Zboriv. Its population is 19,017 (2022 estimate) Formed on 12 September 2016.
Loch Ness Supergroup
The Loch Ness Supergroup is one of the subdivisions of the Neoproterozoic sequence of sedimentary rocks (or their metamorphic equivalents) in the Scottish Highlands. It is found everywhere in tectonic contact above the older Wester Ross Supergroup. It is thought to be unconformably overlain by the Cryogenian to Cambrian Dalradian Supergroup.

Dalradian
The Dalradian Supergroup (informally and traditionally the Dalradian) is a stratigraphic unit (a sequence of rock strata) in the lithostratigraphy of the Grampian Highlands of Scotland and in the north and west of Ireland. The diverse assemblage of rocks which constitute the supergroup extend across Scotland from Islay in the west to Fraserburgh in the east and are confined by the Great Glen Fault to the northwest and the Highland Boundary Fault to the southeast. Much of Shetland east of the Walls Boundary Fault is also formed from Dalradian rocks. Dalradian rocks extend across the north of Ireland from County Antrim in the north east to Clifden on the Atlantic coast, although obscured by younger Palaeogene lavas and tuffs or Carboniferous rocks in large sections.
R666 road (Ireland)
The R666 road is a regional road in Ireland which runs west-east from the R639 in Fermoy town centre to the bridge over the River Blackwater on the outskirts of Lismore. The road passes through Ballyduff, and beneath the River Blackwater viaduct which carries the M8 motorway. The R666 begins in Fermoy as the Rathhealy Road. From here to its merger with the R667 road 3km south of Kilworth, the R666 was once part of the historic road linking Dublin and Cork. It was mapped as such by Herman Moll in his 1714 New Map of Ireland.

The route is 28 km (17 mi) long.

Locally, the road is sometimes humorously known as the road to hell from its name being the same as the Number of the Beast.

M8 motorway (Ireland)
The M8 motorway (Irish: Mótarbhealach M8) is an inter-urban motorway in Ireland, which forms part of the motorway from the capital Dublin to Cork city. The 149 km (93 mi) motorway commences in the townland of Aghaboe, County Laois and runs through the counties of Kilkenny, Tipperary and Limerick, terminating at the Dunkettle interchange in Cork City.
First called for in the Road Needs Study (1998), it was later incorporated into the National Development Plan (2000–2006) and later still formed part of the Irish Government's Transport 21 plan for infrastructural development. The majority of the M8, 115 km (71 mi), was built between 2006 and 2010. On 28 May 2010, the motorway was completed and had replaced almost all of the single-carriageway N8 except for a short section of urban road in Cork City.
Copper Mountain (Wyoming)
Copper Mountain is a roughly 8,312 feet (2,533 m) mountain in the Bridger Mountains, a small range that straddles the Fremont and Hot Springs County line.

The range rises north of Shoshoni, and is split by Wind River Canyon. The Owl Creek Mountains are west of Wind River Canyon. Copper Mountain is also sometimes known as Bridger's Mountain. Copper Mountain is part of a larger BLM owned parcel known as The Copper Mountain Wildlife Study area, which encompasses 6,858 acres. Most of the mountain is scattered limber pine and juniper with rocky slopes. 
Nearby Boysen Reservoir is visible from Copper Mountain. The area is popular for hikers, hunters, and rock climbers, which has caused conflicts with local ranchers.

Fremont County, Wyoming
Fremont County is a county in the U.S. state of Wyoming. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 39,234, making it the fifth-most populous county in Wyoming. Its county seat is Lander. The county was founded in 1884 and is named for John C. Frémont, a general, explorer, and politician. It is roughly the size of the state of Vermont. Fremont County comprises the Riverton, WY Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Caledonia-2 Vermont Representative District, 2002–2012
The Caledonia-2 Representative District is a one-member state Representative district in the U.S. state of Vermont.  It is one of the 108 one or two member districts into which the state was divided by the redistricting and reapportionment plan developed by the Vermont General Assembly following the 2000 United States census.  The plan applies to legislatures elected in 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, and 2010.  A new plan will be developed in 2012 following the 2010 United States census.

The Caledonia-2 District includes all of the Caledonia County towns of Hardwick, Stannard, and Walden.

As of the 2000 census, the state as a whole had a population of 608,827. As there are a total of 150 representatives, there were 4,059 residents per representative (or 8,118 residents per two representatives). The one member Caledonia-2 District had a population of 4,141 in that same census, 2.02% above the state average.

Hardwick, Vermont
Hardwick is a town in Caledonia County, Vermont, United States. The population was 2,920 at the 2020 census. It contains the unincorporated villages of Hardwick, East Hardwick, and Mackville. The town is a commercial center for the region's farming population.

The main settlement of Hardwick in the center of the town, formerly an incorporated village, is since 1988 a census-designated place (CDP), with a population of 1,269 at the 2020 census.
Elections in Suriname
Suriname elects on the national level a head of state – the president – and a legislature. The president is elected for a five-year term by an electoral college based on the parliament. The National Assembly (Nationale Assemblée) has 51 members, elected every five years by proportional representation per district. 
Suriname has a multi-party system, with numerous parties in which no one party often has a chance of gaining power alone, and parties must work with each other to form coalition governments.

Suriname held general elections in 1928, 1930, 1932, 1934, 1936, 1938, 1942, 1946, 1949, 1951, 1955, 1958, 1963, 1967, 1969, 1973, 1977, 1987, 1991, 1996, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020 and 2025.

1938 Surinamese general election
General elections were held in Surinam on 14 February and 23 March 1938 to choose the ten elected members of the Estates. Grace Schneiders-Howard was the only female candidate and was successful in the second round of voting, becoming the first woman elected in the Surinamese legislature.
Lubiatowo, West Pomeranian Voivodeship
Lubiatowo [lubjaˈtɔvɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przelewice, within Pyrzyce County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) north-west of Przelewice, 11 km (7 mi) east of Pyrzyce, and 41 km (25 mi) south-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

It is located in the historic region of Pomerania.

Przelewice, Pyrzyce County
Przelewice [pʂɛlɛˈvit͡sɛ] is a village in Pyrzyce County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Przelewice. It lies approximately 14 km (9 mi) east of Pyrzyce and 48 km (30 mi) south-east of the regional capital Szczecin. The village has a population of 770.

Landmarks of Przelewice are the Dendrological Garden in Przelewice with the palace and the medieval Regina Mundi church.
Sin (letter)
The Arabic letter س sīn /s/ (Arabic: سِينْ, sīn or seen /siːn/) is the 12th letter in the common Hijā'i order, and the 15th letter in the Abjadi order (corresponding to the 15th letter Phoenician letter Samekh). Based on Semitic linguistics, Samekh has no surviving descendant in the Arabic alphabet, and that sīn is derived from Phoenician šīn 𐤔 rather than Phoenician sāmek 𐤎, but unlike the Aramaic 𐡔‎‎ sīn/šīn and the Hebrew ש‎ sīn/šīn, Arabic س sīn /s/ is considered a completely separate letter from ش šīn /ʃ/, and is written thus:

The history of the letters expressing sibilants in the various Semitic alphabets is somewhat complicated, due to different mergers between Proto-Semitic phonemes. As usually reconstructed, there are four plain Proto-Semitic coronal voicelessfricative phonemes (not counting emphatic ones) that evolved into the various voiceless sibilants of its daughter languages, as follows:

Proto-Semitic language
Proto-Semitic is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Semitic languages. There is no consensus regarding the location of the linguistic homeland for Proto-Semitic: scholars hypothesize that it may have originated in the Levant, the Sahara, the Horn of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, or northern Africa.

The Semitic language family is considered part of the broader macro-family of Afroasiatic languages.
Paulinus of St. Bartholomew
Paulinus of St. Bartholomew (b. at Hof am Leithaberge in Lower Austria, 25 April 1748; d. in Rome, 7 January 1806) was an Austrian Carmelite missionary and Orientalist of Croatian origin. He is known by several names as Paulinus S. Bartholomaeo, Paolino da San Bartolomeo, Paulinus Paathiri, Paulin de St Barthelemi, Paulinus A S. Bartholomaeo, and was born Johann Philipp Wesdin, Ivan Filip Vezdin, or Johann Philipp Werdin.

He worked as a missionary in the Malabar region (modern day Kerala) and is credited with being the author of the first Sanskrit grammar to be published in Europe, and for being one of the first Orientalists to remark upon the close relationship between Indian and European languages, followed by others such as William Jones and Gaston-Laurent Coeurdoux.

Gaston-Laurent Coeurdoux
Gaston-Laurent Coeurdoux (/kʊərˈduː/; sometimes Cœurdoux; French: Cœurdoux [kœʁdu]; 18 December 1691, Bourges, France – 15 June 1779, Pondicherry, French India) was a French Jesuit missionary in South India and a noteworthy Indologist.
1981 Tour de France, Prologue to Stage 11
The 1981 Tour de France was the 68th edition of Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Tour began in Nice with a prologue individual time trial on 25 June and Stage 12a occurred on 8 July with a flat stage to Brussels, Belgium. The race finished on the Champs-Élysées in Paris on 19 July.

1981 Tour de France
The 1981 Tour de France was the 68th edition of the Tour de France, taking place between 25 June and 19 July. The total race distance was 24 stages over 3,753 km (2,332 mi). It was dominated by Bernard Hinault, who led the race from the sixth stage on, increasing his lead almost every stage. Only Phil Anderson was able to stay close to him, until the 16th stage when he fell behind by about 7:00, and then on the 17th stage he would lose another 17 minutes. In the end only Lucien Van Impe, Robert Alban and Joop Zoetemelk were able to finish inside 20:00 of the now three time champ.

The points classification was won by Freddy Maertens, who did so by winning five stages. The mountains classification was won by Lucien Van Impe, Peter Winnen won the young rider classification, and the Peugeot team won the team classification.
2016 Rally Sweden
The 2016 Rally Sweden (formally known as the 64. Rally Sweden) was a motor racing event for rally cars that was held over three days between 12 and 14 February 2016. It marked the sixty-fourth running of the Rally Sweden, and was the second round of the 2016 World Rally Championship, WRC-2 and WRC-3 seasons.

Due to a lack of snow in the area, eight Special Stages were cancelled prior to the start of the rally, including the opening Super Special stage and all of day three stages apart from the final Power Stage. The penultimate stage, SS20, was cancelled during the event. Of the 21 scheduled stages, only 12 were run.

Defending World Champion Sébastien Ogier started won his second consecutive rally of the season and his third Rally Sweden victory.

2016 WRC3 Championship
The 2016 FIA WRC3 Championship was the fourth season of WRC3, a rallying championship organised and governed by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile, ran in support of the World Rally Championship. It was created when the Group R class of rally car was introduced in 2013. The Championship was composed of fourteen rallies, and drivers and teams had to nominate a maximum of six events. The best five results counted towards the championship.

Quentin Gilbert was the defending champion, as he won the 2015 title.
Fakiragram Junction railway station
Fakiragram  is a railway station on the New Jalpaiguri–New Bongaigaon section of Barauni–Guwahati line and is located in Kokrajhar district in the Indian state of Assam. A branch line from Fakiragram connects to Dhubri.

Kamrup Express
Kamrup Express is a daily Express train which connects Kolkata, the capital of the state of West Bengal with Dibrugarh, a major tea manufacturing town in upper Assam. The name Kamrup is derived from the Kamrup district, one of the 35 administrative regions of the State of Assam. The train is operated by the North East Frontier Railway zone of Indian Railways and has two dedicated services, namely 15959 / 15960 via Guwahati and 15961 / 15962 via Rangapara North.
Midland, Louisiana
Midland (French: Moyen-Terre) is a farming unincorporated community and census-designated place in Acadia Parish, Louisiana, United States. It was first listed as a CDP in the 2020 census with a population of 249.

It is located at the intersection of U.S. Highway 90 and Louisiana Highway 91. It is also located at the intersection of the former Louisiana Western Railroad (later a Southern Pacific Transportation Company subsidiary and now a joint BNSF Railway/Union Pacific Railroad line) and its branches to Eunice and Gueydan.

The community is part of the Crowley Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Crowley, Louisiana
Crowley (Local pronunciation: /ˈkræli/) is a city in, and the parish seat of, Acadia Parish in the U.S. state of Louisiana. At the 2020 United States census, Crowley had a population of 11,710. Crowley is the principal city of the Crowley micropolitan statistical area, which includes all of Acadia Parish. It is also part of the larger Lafayette–Acadiana combined statistical area.