hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vaidyanath Jyotirlinga
Vaidyanath Jyotirlinga, also known as Baidyanath, Vaijnath and Baijnath is one of the twelve Jyotirlingas, the most sacred abodes of Shiva. However, the location of the Jyotirlinga is contested as the Government of India hasn't notified one of these temples as the Jyotirlinga. The claimed temples with their locations are:

Shri Vaijnath Temple, Parli, Maharashtra

Baidyanath Temple, Deoghar, Jharkhand

Baijnath Temple, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh

Baidyanath Temple
Baidyanath Temple (IAST: Baidyãnath) is a Hindu temple dedicated to Shiva. It is located in Deoghar, in the Santhal Parganas division of the Indian state of Jharkhand. The temple complex comprises the central shrine of Baba Baidyanath along with 21 additional temples. It is significant to the Hindu sects of Shaivism as this temple is referred to as one of the twelve Jyotirlingas.
Niedert
Niedert is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis (district) in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde Hunsrück-Mittelrhein, whose seat is in Emmelshausen.

Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis
Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis is a district (German: Kreis) in the middle of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The neighbouring districts are (from north clockwise) Mayen-Koblenz, Rhein-Lahn, Mainz-Bingen, Bad Kreuznach, Birkenfeld, Bernkastel-Wittlich, Cochem-Zell.
Neustadt (Wied)
Neustadt (Wied) or Neustadt an der Wied is a municipality in the district of Neuwied in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is situated about 30 kilometres (20 miles) south-east of Bonn in the Rhine-Westerwald Nature Park. Neustadt is part of the Asbach collective municipality.

Rhine-Westerwald Nature Park
50°32′48″N 7°25′46″E﻿ / ﻿50.546599°N 7.429504°E﻿ / 50.546599; 7.429504

The Rhine-Westerwald Nature Park (German: Naturpark Rhein-Westerwald) is a nature park in Germany that covers an area of around 470 km2 to the east of the River Rhine and in the north of the state of Rhineland-Palatinate between Neuwied and Unkel. It extends from the Rhine over its eastern bank terraces up to the first hill ridge of the Lower Westerwald. The Rhine-Westerwald Nature Park is over 60 years old, making it one of the oldest in Germany. It was founded in 1962 and celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2012. Its legal owner is the society of Naturpark Rhein-Westerwald.
United Airways
United Airways (BD) Ltd. (DSE: UNITEDAIR, CSE: UNITEDAIR
), operated as United Airways (Bengali: ইউনাইটেড এয়ারওয়েজ), was a Bangladeshi airline headquartered in Uttara, Dhaka. It operated flights from its main hub at Shahjalal International Airport in Dhaka and secondary hub at Shah Amanat International Airport in Chittagong. It was founded in 2005 and began flights on 10 July 2007 with a Bombardier Dash 8–100, purchased from Island Air. United Airways was the first listed company in the aviation sector of Bangladesh; it became listed in July 2010.

The airline was often criticised for their poor service due to frequent delays, flight suspensions and poor in-flight amenities. In September 2014, the airline temporarily suspended its operations for three days following a conflict among its board of directors and a financial crisis. The airline ceased all operations on 6 March 2016, after a previous gap in service from mid-January to 24 February of that year.

ATR 72
The ATR 72 is a twin-engine turboprop, short-haul regional airliner developed and produced in France and Italy by aircraft manufacturer ATR.
The number "72" in its name is derived from the aircraft's typical standard seating capacity of 72 passengers.
The ATR 72 has also been used as a corporate transport, cargo aircraft, and maritime patrol aircraft.

To date, all of the ATR series have been completed at the company's final assembly line in Toulouse, France; ATR benefits from sharing resources and technology with Airbus SE, which has continued to hold a 50% interest in the company. Successive models of the ATR 72 have been developed. Typical updates have included new avionics, such as a glass cockpit, and the adoption of newer engine versions to deliver enhanced performance, such as increased efficiency and reliability and reductions in operating costs. The aircraft shares a high degree of commonality with the smaller ATR 42, which remains in production as of 2025.
Gus Scarvelis
Gus "Kostas" Stephanos Scarvelis (Greek: Κώστας Στέφανος Σκαρβέλης; June 21, 1915 Kardamyla, Chios, Greece - November 3, 1989 Toledo, Ohio, US) was a Greek-born American research engineer and inventor creating many patents for Georgia Pacific Corrugated LLC and OI Glass while working for Owens Illinois in Toledo, Ohio such as the "Process for making wet-strength paper and product thereof"   and "Method of extruding a foamed plastic composition"  and prior, working for the Continental Can Company such as "Pouch manufacturing means and method" for "certain food products, notably sliced cheeses and sliced meats"  in Mount Vernon, Ohio. In 1950, Scarvelis was mentioned in the journal, American Society for Metals: "Metal Progress - Volumes 57-58."

Joseph Dixon (inventor)
Joseph Dixon (1 January 1799 – 15 June 1869) was an inventor, entrepreneur and the founder of what became the Dixon Ticonderoga Company, a well-known manufacturer of pencils in the United States.

His fascination with new technologies led to many innovations such as a mirror for a camera that was the forerunner of the viewfinder, a patented double-crank steam engine, and a method of printing banknotes to thwart counterfeiters. Most notably, Dixon manufactured the first wood and graphite pencil in the country.

Among his associates were such American inventors as Robert Fulton, Samuel Morse, and Alexander Graham Bell, and politician/business partner Orestes Cleveland.
FGC 254 Series
The 254 Series is a meter gauge freight diesel locomotive built for Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya (FGC).

Three locomotives were built in 1990 by Meinfesa, at the same time as the RENFE Class 319.2 with which it shares a similar external appearance, as well as both having GM-EMD engines and transmissions.

The locomotive is used for potash and salt trains, and occasional special historical passenger trains, on the Llobregat–Anoia Line.

Renfe Class 319 (later versions)
The Renfe classes 319.2, 319.3 and 319.4 are six axle Co'Co' medium power mainline diesel-electric locomotives manufactured by Macosa using General Motors Electromotive division components under license.
Cave castle
A cave castle (German: Höhlenburg) or grotto castle (German: Grottenburg) is a residential or refuge castle that has been built into a natural cave. It falls within the category of hill castles. Unlike other types (such as water castles), such castles can only be assaulted from the front, or by drilling through the rock above; the gateway is usually located in the middle of a rock face, which makes it much more difficult to penetrate. Archaeological discoveries have revealed that caves were used as places of refuge as early as the Stone Age. The first medieval cave castles emerged in the 11th and 12th centuries. In the 14th and 15th centuries this type became more widespread, especially in certain parts of France and Switzerland.

Predjama Castle
Predjama Castle (Slovene: Predjamski grad or grad Predjama, German: Höhlenburg Lueg, Italian: Castel Lueghi; Venetian: Casteło de Predjama) is a Renaissance castle built within a cave mouth in south-central Slovenia, in the historical region of Inner Carniola. It is located in the village of Predjama, approximately 11 kilometres from the town of Postojna and 9 kilometres from Postojna Cave.
Timeline of United States military operations
This timeline of United States military operations, based in part on reports by the Congressional Research Service, shows the years and places in which United States Armed Forces units participated in armed conflicts or occupation of foreign territories. Items in bold are wars most often considered to be major conflicts by historians and the general public.

Note that instances where the U.S. government gave aid alone, with no military personnel involvement, are excluded, as are Central Intelligence Agency operations. In domestic peacetime disputes such as riots and labor issues, only operations undertaken by active duty personnel (also called "federal troops" or "U.S. military") are depicted in this article; state defense forces and the National Guard are not included, as they are not fully integrated into the U.S. Armed Forces even if they are federalized for duty within the United States itself.

Fries's Rebellion
Fries's Rebellion (/friːz/), also called House Tax Rebellion, the Home Tax Rebellion and, in Pennsylvania German, the Heesses-Wasser Uffschtand, was a tax revolt among Pennsylvania Dutch farmers between 1799 and 1800. It was the third of three tax-related rebellions in the 18th century United States, the earlier two being Shays' Rebellion (central and western Massachusetts, 1786–87) and the Whiskey Rebellion (western Pennsylvania, 1794). It was commemorated in 2003 with a Pennsylvania historical marker erected in Quakertown, Pennsylvania, where it first erupted.
2001 in race walking
This page lists the World Best Year Performance in the year 2001 in both the men's and the women's race walking distances: 20 km and 50 km (outdoor). One of the main events during this season were the 2001 World Athletics Championships in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

2001 in the sport of athletics
This article contains an overview of the sport of athletics, including track and field, cross country and road running, in the year 2001.

The foremost competition of the season was the 2001 World Championships in Athletics in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. The 2001 IAAF World Indoor Championships was the second major track and field event that year.
Jet nut
A jet nut, also known as a k-nut, is a special type of hex locknut that is commonly used in the aerospace and automotive racing industries.

It has a flange on one end of the nut, the hex is smaller than a standard sized hex nut, and it is shorter than a standard hex nut. It achieves its locking action by using an elliptical offset on the un-flanged end of the nut.

Distorted thread locknut
A distorted thread locknut, is a type of locknut that uses a deformed section of thread to keep the nut from loosening due to vibrations, or rotation of the clamped item. There are four types: elliptical offset nuts, centerlock nuts, toplock nuts and partially depitched (Philidas) nuts.
2002–03 Kent Football League
The 2002–03 Kent Football League season (known as the Go Travel Kent League for sponsorship reasons) was the 37th in the history of Kent Football League a football competition in England.

The League structure comprised three divisions: a Premier Division together with a Reserves Section comprising two equal ranked geographically based divisions known as Division One North and Division One South – with a play-off between the winners of these two divisions to decide the Division One champion. Reserves teams were not permitted in the Premier Division. Additionally there were two league cup competitions: the Challenge Cup for the Premier Division clubs and another for the teams in the Reserves Section.

Cray Wanderers F.C.
Cray Wanderers Football Club is an English semi-professional football club based in Chislehurst, London.  Based on later reports, the club has a claim to have been established some time in 1860 in the twin villages of St Mary Cray and St Paul's Cray, near Orpington. Such a date would make it one of the oldest football clubs in the world. Cray Wanderers play their home games at Flamingo Park.

Cray Wanderers were Kent League champions four times, and have reached the fourth qualifying round of the FA Cup three times in their history. The club currently play in the Isthmian League Premier Division.
Tiburce Sébastiani
Jean André Tiburce, viscount Sébastiani de La Porta, was a French general and politician. He was born on 21 March 1786 in La Porta (Haute-Corse) and died on 16 September 1871 in Bastia (Haute-Corse). Deputy of Corsica from 1828 to 1837, and Peer of France, he was the brother of the Marshal of France and politician Horace Sébastiani.

Order of Saint Louis
The Royal and Military Order of Saint Louis (French: ordre royal et militaire de Saint-Louis) is a dynastic order of chivalry founded 5 April  1693 by King Louis XIV, named after Saint Louis (King Louis IX of France). It was intended as a reward for exceptional officers, notable as the first decoration that could be granted to non-nobles. By the authorities of the French Republic, it is considered a predecessor of the Legion of Honour, with which it shares the red ribbon (though the Legion of Honour is awarded to military personnel and civilians alike).

Although officially abolished by the government authorities of the July Revolution in 1830 following the French Revolution, its activities carried on as a dynastic order of the formerly sovereign royal family. As such, it is still recognised by the International Commission on Orders of Chivalry.
Istanbul Technical University Faculty of Aeronautics and Astronautics
ITU Faculty of Aeronautics and Astronautics, founded in 1983, is the 11th school of Istanbul Technical University. Three departments were engaged to the faculty, which are Aeronautical Engineering, Astronautical engineering, and Meteorological Engineering. Aeronautical Engineering Department was established as a branch training aeronautical engineers in the Mechanical Engineering Faculty in 1941, and then in 1944 became a department of the Mechanical Engineering Faculty. Meteorological Engineering Department was established in 1953 in the Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering. It is the only Meteorological Engineering department in Turkey.

Istanbul Technical University Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
ITU Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering is a faculty of the Istanbul Technical University. In 1926, the “Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering” was founded as part of the Science Faculty of Istanbul University (Istanbul Dar-ül Fünun). In 1934, the institute was bound to “Yüksek Mühendis Mektebi” (Advanced Vocational School for Engineering), today’s Istanbul Technical University, as the Electro-Mechanic Division, which was the start of Department of Electrical Engineering. The first students of this division graduated in 1936. Today, the faculty has three departments: 
Electrical engineering, electronics and communication engineering, robotics and autonomous systems engineering
Kitsuneyama Kofun
The Kitsuneyama Kofun (狐山古墳) is a middle Kofun period keyhole-shaped tumulus located in the Futagozukamachi neighborhood of the city of Kaga, Ishikawa in the Hokuriku region of Japan. The tumulus was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1932.

Kaga, Ishikawa
Kaga (加賀市, Kaga-shi) is a city located in southwestern Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 March 2018, the city had an estimated population of 67,793 in 29054 households, and a population density of 290 persons per km2. The total area of the city was 305.87 square kilometres (118.10 sq mi).
Gina, Princess of Liechtenstein
Georgina Norberta Jane Marie Antonie Raphaela von Wilczek (24 October 1921 – 18 October 1989) was Princess of Liechtenstein from 1943 to 1989 as the wife of Prince Franz Joseph II. She was the mother of Prince Hans-Adam II and was widely known as Gina.

Orders, decorations, and medals of Liechtenstein
The Principality of Liechtenstein is the last independent principality of the Holy Roman Empire. After the fall of the empire, Liechtenstein aligned itself with Austria-Hungary until the end of World War I. Since that time, Liechtenstein has been most closely aligned with its neutral neighbor Switzerland. The honours system of Liechtenstein is made up of an order of merit, established in 1937, and a limited number of commemorative medals that were awarded during the 20th century.
Derek Bell (musician)
George Derek Fleetwood Bell, MBE (21 October 1935 – 17 October 2002) was a Northern Irish harpist, pianist, oboist, musicologist and composer who was best known for his accompaniment work on various instruments with The Chieftains.

Cimbalom
The cimbalom (/ˈsɪmbələm, -ˌlɒm/; Hungarian: [ˈt͡simbɒlom]; also cimbal or concert cimbalom) is a type of chordophone composed of a large, trapezoidal box on legs with metal strings stretched across its top and a damping pedal underneath. It was designed and created by V. Josef Schunda in 1874 in Budapest, based on his modifications to the existing hammered dulcimer instruments which were already present in Central and Eastern Europe.

Today the instrument is mainly played in Hungary, Slovakia, Moravia, Belarus, Romania, Moldova, and Ukraine.

The cimbalom is typically played by striking two sticks, often with cotton-wound tips, against the strings which are on the top of the instrument. The steel treble strings are arranged in groups of 4 and are tuned in unison. The bass strings which are over-spun with copper, are arranged in groups of 3 and are also tuned in unison. The Hornbostel–Sachs musical instrument classification system registers the cimbalom with the number 314.122-4,5.
Ewina
Ewina [ɛˈvina] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Żytno, within Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) west of Żytno, 16 km (10 mi) south-east of Radomsko, and 93 km (58 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Żytno
Żytno [ˈʐɨtnɔ] is a village in Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the Gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Żytno. It lies approximately 20 km (12 mi) south-east of Radomsko and 96 km (60 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź. It is located in the historic Sieradz Land.

It was a private town, administratively located in the Radomsko County in the Sieradz Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province of the Kingdom of Poland.
Drayton Florence
Drayton Florence Jr. (born December 19, 1980) is an American former professional football player who was a cornerback for 11 seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Chattanooga Mocs and Tuskegee Golden Tigers. Florence was selected by the San Diego Chargers in the second round of the 2003 NFL draft. He is the son of Drayton Florence Sr, who murdered Roberta Johnson in 1999.

Rod Smith (wide receiver)
Roderick Duane Smith (born May 15, 1970) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL) for 12 seasons, all with the Denver Broncos. He played college football for the Missouri Southern Lions and was signed by the Broncos as an undrafted free agent and played his entire career with the team. Following his final game in the NFL at the conclusion of the 2006 season, Smith’s 849 career receptions and 11,389 receiving yards ranked him 11ᵗʰ and 17ᵗʰ all-time respectively. As of 2025's offseason, Smith ranks 35ᵗʰ and 40ᵗʰ all-time in receptions and receiving yards respectively.
Theses on Feuerbach
The Theses on Feuerbach are eleven short philosophical notes written by Karl Marx as a basic outline for the first chapter of the book The German Ideology in 1845. Like the book for which they were written, the theses were never published in Marx's lifetime, seeing print for the first time in 1888 as an appendix to a pamphlet by his co-thinker Friedrich Engels. The document is best remembered for its epigrammatic 11th and final thesis, "Philosophers have only interpreted the world, in various ways; the point, however, is to change it", which is engraved on Marx's tomb.

German idealism
German idealism is a philosophical movement that emerged in Germany in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. It developed out of the work of Immanuel Kant in the 1780s and 1790s, and was closely linked both with Romanticism and the revolutionary politics of the Enlightenment. The period of German idealism after Kant is also known as post-Kantian idealism or simply post-Kantianism. One scheme divides German idealists into transcendental idealists, associated with Kant and Fichte, and absolute idealists, associated with Schelling and Hegel.
Apour Festival
Apoo Festival is an annual festival celebrated by the chiefs and people of Nwoase and Wenchi Traditional Area in Nwoase and Nsawkwa in the Bono Region, formally the Brong Ahafo region of Ghana. It is usually celebrated in either the month of May or June in Nsawkaw, either November or December in the town of Nwoase and either May or June in Wenchi.

Bono Region
The Bono region is one of the 16 administrative regions of Ghana. It is as a result of the remainder of Brong-Ahafo region when Bono East region and Ahafo region were created. Sunyani, also known as the green city of Ghana, is the regional capital. Sunyani can pride itself as the cleanest capital city and a major conference destination.
Ein Landarzt (opera)
Ein Landarzt (A Country Doctor) is a one-act chamber opera composed by Hans Werner Henze. The libretto was written by Henze and is closely based on Kafka's 1917 short story "Ein Landarzt". The work was originally composed as a radio opera and was premiered on 19 November 1951 in a broadcast by Nordwestdeutscher Rundfunk. Henze subsequently revised the work in 1964 both as a monodrama for baritone and chamber orchestra and as a one-act staged opera. The stage version was premiered by the Oper Frankfurt on 30 November 1965.

Radio opera
Radio opera (German: Funkoper or Radiooper) is a genre of opera. It refers to operas which were specifically composed to be performed on the radio and is not to be confused with broadcasts of operas which were originally written for the stage. Radio operas were generally shorter than staged operas and some occupied less than fifteen minutes. Plots were usually more straightforward than those of stage operas.
Chinchinim
Chinchinim is a census town in located in the Indian coastal of Goa. It is situated in the Salcete taluka of South Goa district. Prior to achieving the current status of a small town, it was considered one of the biggest villages of South Goa.

Goans
Goans (Romi Konkani: Goenkar, Portuguese: Goeses) is the demonym used to describe the people native to Goa, India, formerly part of Portuguese India (Estado Português da Índia). They form an ethno-linguistic group resulting from the assimilation of Indo-Aryan, Dravidian, Indo-Portuguese, Austro-Asiatic ethnic and/or linguistic ancestries. They speak different dialects of the Konkani language, collectively known as Goan Konkani. "Goanese", although sometimes used, is an incorrect term for Goans.
Mani Nouri
Mani Nouri (Persian: مانی نوری; born in Tehran, Iran) is an Iranian/Canadian actor and director. Since 2006, he has been working on modern visual projects. He was chosen the second best adolescent actor of the decade in the Middle East.

Tabeta Tales
Ta-Be-Ta tales (Persian: قصه‌های تابه‌تا) also known as Zizigulu (Persian: زی‌زی گولو) is an Iranian television series directed by Marzieh Boroumand. This series began in the early 1994, and aired on Iranian television until the spring of 1995.