hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Every-body's Business, Is No-body's Business
Everybody's Business is Nobody's Business: Or, Private Abuses, Public Grievances Exemplified is a 1725 pamphlet by Daniel Defoe. It deals with the "exorbitant Wages of our Women, Servants, Footmen". Similarly to The Protestant Monastery (1726), Parochial Tyranny (1727), Augusta Triumphans (1728) and Second Thoughts are Best (1729), it was published under the pseudonym of Andrew Moreton. Defoe did not sign his name to the majority of his works. He preferred them to be published anonymously or under one of his pen names. This choice was “sometimes” made “to conceal his authorship or to stimulate sales, but more characteristically to establish a point of view”.

Wage
A wage is the price of labor. Examples of wage payments include compensatory payments such as minimum wage, prevailing wage, and yearly bonuses, and remunerative payments such as prizes and tip payouts. Wages are part of the expenses that are involved in running a business. It is an obligation to the employee regardless of the profitability of the company.

Payment by wage contrasts with salaried work, in which the employer pays an arranged amount at steady intervals (such as a week or month) regardless of hours worked, with commission which conditions pay on individual performance, and with compensation based on the performance of the company as a whole. Waged employees may also receive tips or gratuity paid directly by clients and employee benefits which are non-monetary forms of compensation. Since wage labour is the predominant form of work, the term "wage" sometimes refers to all forms (or all monetary forms) of employee compensation.
Deep Soul Records
Deep Soul Records was a record label established by Dave Godin, David Nathan and Robert Blackmore in the United Kingdom in 1969 to release American soul music singles. A subsidiary of Soul City Records, its release run was limited to six singles between 1968 and 1970. These records are now highly sought after.

The label was re-established by Ace Records in 2016.

Ace Records (United Kingdom)
Ace Records Ltd. is a British record label founded in 1978. Initially the company only gained permission from the similarly named label based in Mississippi to use the name in the UK, but eventually also acquired the rights to publish their recordings. When Chiswick Records' pop side was licensed to EMI in 1984, Ace switched to more licensing and reissuing work. In the 1980s it also gained the licensing for Modern Records, and its follow-up company Kent Records, whilst in the 1990s, the company bought the labels including all original master tapes.
Mazarine Stakes
The Mazarine Stakes is a Thoroughbred horse race at Woodbine Racetrack in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. A Grade III race, it is open to two-year-old fillies. Contested over a distance of 1+1⁄16 miles (8.5 furlongs) on Polytrack synthetic dirt, it currently carries a purse of approximately $114,045.

Run annually in October, the Mazarine Stakes is a prep race for the Breeders' Cup Juvenile Fillies.

Inaugurated in 1965 at Greenwood Raceway, in 1980 it was moved to its present location at Woodbine Racetrack. From 1975 through 1979 it was contested at a distance of one mile (8 furlongs). It was run in two divisions in 1979.

Breeders' Cup Juvenile Fillies
The Breeders' Cup Juvenile Fillies is a 1+1⁄16-mile thoroughbred horse race on dirt (although the distance has varied, depending on the configuration of the host track) for two-year-old fillies run annually since 1984 at a different racetrack in the United States or Canada as part of the Breeders' Cup World Championships in early November.
Cypress Hill IV
Cypress Hill IV is the fourth studio album by American hip hop group Cypress Hill. It was released on October 6, 1998, by Ruffhouse and Columbia Records. The skeletons on the cover are posing as the three wise monkeys (see no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil). Rappers MC Eiht and Barron Ricks were featured on the album. The album went Gold in the U.S with over 500,000 units sold.

"16 Men Till There's No Men Left", "Checkmate", and "Lightning Strikes" are featured in the 1999 PC game Kingpin: Life of Crime. Alongside the full versions of these tracks, instrumental versions with the vocals removed were used as backing tracks. Cypress Hill also provided some of the voice acting for the game.

Ruffhouse Records
Ruffhouse Records is an American record label founded in 1989 by Chris Schwartz and Joe Nicolo as a joint venture with Columbia Records. In 1999, Schwartz and Nicolo closed the label, and Schwartz and Kevon Glickman continued with RuffNation Records. Ruffhouse's artist roster at the time of its original closing included The Fugees, Cypress Hill, Kris Kross, Wyclef Jean, Lauryn Hill, and Leela James.

The label was relaunched on July 12, 2012, through EMI, with Beanie Sigel as the first artist to be out through its relaunch with the release of his album This Time (2012).
Bangladesh Planning Commission
Bangladesh Planning Commission (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ পরিকল্পনা কমিশন; denoted as PC) is the economic public policy institution of the Government of Bangladesh. The Planning Commission undertakes research studies and policy development initiatives for the growth of national economy and the expansion of the public infrastructure of the country, under the Ministry of Planning and alongside the Ministry of Finance.

In addition, the planning division of the Planning Commission serves as the secretariat for all major economic policy questions and for initiating the appraisal of development projects and programmes by:

National Economic Council (NEC)

Executive Committee of the National Economic Council (ECNEC)

Chief Adviser of Bangladesh
The chief adviser of Bangladesh, officially the chief adviser of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is the chief executive of the caretaker and the interim government of Bangladesh, who serves as the head of government during the transition period between one elected government and another. With powers roughly equivalent to those of the prime minister of an elected government, their executive power is limited by the constitution. The chief adviser leads an advisory committee comprising several advisers (equivalent to a minister), all of them selected from among politically neutral individuals to be acceptable to all major political parties. The office of the chief adviser is called Chief Adviser's Office.
Canadian Expeditionary Force Command
Canadian Expeditionary Force Command (CEFCOM, French: Commandement de la Force expéditionnaire du Canada or COMFEC) was an operational element of the Canadian Forces for operations outside of Canada, created in 2006 and merged into the Canadian Joint Operations Command in 2012.

Under the CF structure, Canadian Expeditionary Forces Command (CEFCOM) was the unified command that was responsible for all Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) international operations, with the exception of operations conducted solely by Canadian Special Operations Forces Command elements. CEFCOM missions included combat operations, humanitarian assistance and peacekeeping.

Canadian Special Operations Forces Command
Canadian Special Operations Forces Command (CANSOFCOM; French: Commandement des Forces d'opérations spéciales du Canada; COMFOSCAN) is a command of the Canadian Armed Forces. It is responsible for all special forces operations that respond to terrorism and threats to Canadians and Canadian interests around the world.

CANSOFCOM's primary mission is counter-terrorism, which involves conducting rigorous and specialized training and working with local law enforcement agencies, as required, to protect Canadians from the threat of terrorism.

Commander CANSOFCOM reports directly to the Chief of the Defence Staff. The leadership of the CAF and the Department of National Defence maintain full oversight on all CANSOFCOM operations.
Shapi Leima
Shapi Leima (Shabi Leima) or Sapi Leima (Sabi Leima) is the goddess of rodents in Meitei mythology and religion. She is a sister of goddesses Khunu Leima and Nganu Leima. Legend says that all three sisters married the same mortal man.

Irai Leima
Irai Leima (Manipuri: ꯏꯔꯥꯢ ꯂꯩꯃ) is a goddess in Sanamahism, the indigenous religion of in the northeastern Indian state of Manipur. She is the goddess and the divine female personification of water and aquatic life. She is the consort of Irai Ningthou (literally, king of water). Both are regarded as the divine spirits of water bodies. She is also considered to be in charge of diseases.
Thornton Willis
Thornton Wilson Willis (May 25, 1936 – June 15, 2025) was an American abstract painter. He contributed to the New York School of painting since the late 1960s. Viewed as a member of the Third Generation of American Abstract Expressionists, his work is associated with Abstract Expressionism, Lyrical Abstraction, Process Art, 
Postminimalism, Bio-morphic Cubism (a term he coined), and Color Field painting. Willis was a member of American Abstract Artists.

New Orleans Museum of Art
The New Orleans Museum of Art (or NOMA) is the oldest fine arts museum in the city of New Orleans. It is situated within City Park, a short distance from the intersection of Carrollton Avenue and Esplanade Avenue, and near the terminus of the "Canal Street - City Park" streetcar line. It was established in 1911 as the Delgado Museum of Art.
Kotohira Station (Hokkaido)
Kotohira Station (琴平駅, Kotohira-eki) was first a provisional railway station, then an actual train station located in Kotohira (琴平), Nakagawa, Hokkaidō, and was operated by the Hokkaidō Railway Company when it closed.

It was closed in 1990, and then at some point afterward, the station and all associated buildings were removed from the site.

Nakagawa, Hokkaido
Nakagawa (中川町, Nakagawa-chō) is a town located in Kamikawa Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan. As of 31 December 2024, the town had an estimated population of 1,266 in 706 households, and a population density of 2.1 people per km2. The total area of the town is 594.74 km2 (229.63 sq mi).  Nakagawa is known for ammonites and other fossils. Its local specialties include sausage and hand-made wood products.
Doublet state
In quantum mechanics, a doublet is a composite quantum state of a system with an effective spin of ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠, such that there are two allowed values of the spin component, − ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠ and + ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠. Quantum systems with two possible states are sometimes called two-level systems. Essentially all occurrences of doublets in nature arise from rotational symmetry. Spin ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠  is associated with the fundamental representation of the Lie group SU(2).

Rotational symmetry
Rotational symmetry, also known as radial symmetry in geometry, is the property a shape has when it looks the same after some rotation by a partial turn. An object's degree of rotational symmetry is the number of distinct orientations in which it looks exactly the same for each rotation.

Certain geometric objects are partially symmetrical when rotated at certain angles such as squares rotated 90°, however the only geometric objects that are fully rotationally symmetric at any angle are spheres, circles and other spheroids.
Rheotrauma
In medicine, rheotrauma is the harm caused to a patient's lungs by high gas flows as delivered by mechanical ventilation. Although mechanical ventilation may prevent death of a patient from the hypoxia or hypercarbia which may be caused by respiratory failure, it can also be damaging to the lungs, leading to ventilator-associated lung injury. Rheotrauma is one of the ways in which mechanical ventilation may do this, alongside volutrauma, barotrauma, atelectotrauma and biotrauma. Attempts have been made to combine all of the mechanical forces caused by the ventilator on the patient's lungs in an all encompassing term: mechanical power.

Respiratory failure
Respiratory failure results from inadequate gas exchange by the respiratory system, meaning that the arterial oxygen, carbon dioxide, or both cannot be kept at normal levels. A drop in the oxygen carried in the blood is known as hypoxemia; a rise in arterial carbon dioxide levels is called hypercapnia. Respiratory failure is classified as either Type 1 or Type 2, based on whether there is a high carbon dioxide level, and can be acute or chronic. In clinical trials, the definition of respiratory failure usually includes increased respiratory rate, abnormal blood gases (hypoxemia, hypercapnia, or both), and evidence of increased work of breathing. Respiratory failure causes an altered state of consciousness due to ischemia in the brain.

The typical partial pressure reference values are oxygen Pa O2 more than 80 mmHg (11 kPa) and carbon dioxide Pa CO2 less than 45 mmHg (6.0 kPa).
Eulgem
Eulgem is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Cochem-Zell district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Kaisersesch, whose seat is in the like-named town.

Cochem-Zell
Cochem-Zell (German: Landkreis Cochem-Zell) is a district (Kreis) in the north-west of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Neighboring districts are Mayen-Koblenz, Rhein-Hunsrück, Bernkastel-Wittlich, and Vulkaneifel.
Long-snout dace
The long-snout dace (Leuciscus oxyrrhis) is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae, which includes the daces, minnows and related species. This species is found in the Garonne drainage in France.

Common dace
The common dace (Leuciscus leuciscus) is a species of freshwater and brackish water ray-finned fish from the family Leuciscidae which is native to Europe but which has been introduced to other parts of the world. It is a quarry species for coarse anglers.
Medu vada
Medu vada (pronounced [meːd̪ʊ vəɽaː]; lit. 'soft vada' in Tamil and Kannada) is a South Indian breakfast snack made from Vigna mungo (black lentil). It is usually made in a doughnut shape, with a crispy exterior and soft interior. A popular food item in South Indian cuisine it is generally eaten as a breakfast or a snack.

South Indian cuisine
South Indian cuisine includes the cuisines of the five southern states of India— Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, and the union territory of Lakshadweep. Sub-cuisines within these include Udupi, Chettinad, Hyderabadi, Thalassery, Saraswat, and Mangalorean Catholic. South Indian cuisine shares similarities with the cuisines of Sri Lanka and the Maldives due to a similar geographic location and culture.
836 Naval Air Squadron
836 Naval Air Squadron (836 NAS), also known as 836 Squadron, is an inactive Fleet Air Arm (FAA) naval air squadron of the United Kingdom’s Royal Navy (RN). It was last active during World War II and operated with Fairey Swordfish torpedo bomber between March 1942 and July 1945, mostly as merchant aircraft carrier flights

Established at RNAS Palisadoes (HMS Buzzard), Jamaica, in March 1942, as a torpedo bomber reconnaissance squadron, it was initially under the jurisdiction of RAF Coastal Command at RAF Thorney Island at the end of December. Subsequently, in March 1943, it relocated to RNAS Machrihanish (HMS Landrail), Scotland, transforming into an operational pool of Fairey Swordfish designated for the merchant aircraft carriers, also known as MAC-ships. At one stage, a total of eighty-three aircraft were being utilised from nineteen MAC-ships.

RAF Sydenham
Royal Air Force Sydenham or more simply RAF Sydenham is a former Royal Air Force station in Northern Ireland. In the 1970s it was the main servicing base for Blackburn Buccaneer aircraft, employing 650 civilian workers.
Uramphite
Uramphite is a rarely-found phosphate mineral in the "phosphate, arsenate and vanadate" mineral class with chemical composition (NH4)2[UO2PO4]2·6H2O from which it is seen to be a hydrated ammonium uranyl phosphate.

Uramphite crystallizes in the tetragonal crystal system and develops rectangular crystal faces approximately 0.2 mm wide, but is also found as rosette-like mineral aggregates and surface films. The mineral is translucent a colored light to bottle-green or light yellow with a shiny lustre on the exterior.

Uranyl
The uranyl ion is an oxycation of uranium having the formula UO2+2; it is the most common form of uranium(VI). Uranyl is linear with two short U–O bonds of 180 picometers.  Some important uranyl compounds are uranyl nitrate and several uranyl chlorides.
Baghdad Medical City
Baghdad Medical City (مدينة الطب) formerly known as Saddam Medical City from 1983–2003 and before that known as Medical City Teaching Hospital from 1973–1983 is a complex of several teaching hospitals in Bab Al-Moatham, Baghdad, Iraq. The complex stands where the former Garden of Ridván of Baghdad was.

The Medical City includes the Baghdad University College of Medicine. The largest hospital in the complex is the Surgical Specialties Hospital built in 1980. The second largest is the Baghdad Teaching Hospital, opened in 1970, which contains the out patient clinics and the emergency department. The complex has over a thousand beds for patients.

Teaching hospital
A teaching hospital or university hospital is a hospital or medical center that provides medical education and training to future and current health professionals. Teaching hospitals are almost always affiliated with one or more universities and are often co-located with medical schools.

Teaching hospitals use a residency program to educate qualified physicians, podiatrists, dentists, and pharmacists who are receiving training after attaining the degree of MD, DO, DPM, DDS, DMD, PharmD, BDS, BDent, MBBS, MBChB, or BMed. Those that attend a teaching hospital or clinic practice medicine under the direct or indirect supervision of a senior medical clinician registered in that specialty, such as an attending physician or consultant. The purpose of these residency programs is to create an environment where new doctors can learn to practice medicine in a safe setting which is supervised by physicians that provide both oversight and education.
Michał Wiśniowiecki (1529–1584)
Michał Wiśniowiecki or Mykhailo Vyshnevetsky (1529–1584) was a Ruthenian noble (szlachcic) of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. He was a prince at Wiśniowiec, magnate, Senior of Registered Cossacks, Hetman of Zaporozhian Cossacks, castellan of Bracław and Kijów (now Kyiv), starost of Czerkasy, Kaniów, Lubeka and Łojów. Great-grandfather of the future King of Poland, Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki.

Wisnowiecki was born before the Union of Lublin in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

Vyshnivets
Vyshnivets (Ukrainian: Вишнівець; Polish: Wiśniowiec) is a  rural settlement in Kremenets Raion, Ternopil Oblast, western Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Vyshnivets settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 3,179 (2022 estimate).

Vyshnivets is better known as a family estate of the Polish royal house of Wiśniowiecki (originally Ruthenian princes), which is known for switching from Eastern Orthodoxy to Catholicism (as part of Polonization) as well as the Cossack Hetman Dmytro "Baida" Vyshnevetsky, who established the first Zaporizhian Sich on the island of Small (Mala) Khortytsia on the Dnipro River in 1552 in defense of the lands.
Kaaba Youth Movement
The Kaaba Youth Movement (Indonesian: Gerakan Pemuda Ka'bah), abbreviated as GPK, is the youth wing of United Development Party (PPP). The movement is one of the three youth wings of the party, the other being Kaaba Youth Forces and the Young Generation of Indonesian Development. The movement was frequently used by the officials of the United Development Party as unofficial bodyguards for them and their family.

During the New Order, GPK frequently uses violence to harass counter-Islam movements, especially the government. After the reformation, GPK still uses the same methods to harass "Islam-masked infidels and populists".

Even though GPK is the youth wing of the PPP, the political views of GPK frequently clash with PPP's view.

1999 Indonesian legislative election
Early legislative elections were held in Indonesia on 7 June 1999. They were the first elections since the fall of Suharto and end of the New Order, the first free elections in Indonesia since 1955, and the first and only free legislative election held in East Timor during Indonesian provincehood. With the ending of restrictions on political activity following the fall of Suharto, a total of 48 parties contested the 462 seats up for election in the People's Representative Council. A further 38 seats were reserved for members of the armed forces.
Newfoundland and Labrador Route 402
Route 402, also known as Gallants Road, is a minor highway in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. The highway is located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southwest of the city of Corner Brook, approximately 30 minutes by car.  The route's eastern terminus is Route 1 (Trans-Canada Highway), and its western terminus at the community of Gallants, located 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) from Route 1.  Although no directional signage on Route 1 before the intersection in either direction depict Route 402, but according to some provincial government road maps (as early as the 1980s), Route 402 is the official name of the highway.

Newfoundland and Labrador Route 1
Route 1 is a highway in the Canada province of Newfoundland and Labrador, and is the easternmost stretch of the Trans-Canada Highway. Route 1 is the primary east–west road on the island of Newfoundland.

The eastern terminus of Route 1 is St. John's.  From there, the highway crosses the island 903 kilometres (561 mi) to Channel-Port aux Basques, its western terminus.

From there, the Trans-Canada Highway is carried across the Cabot Strait by ferry to North Sydney, Nova Scotia.
Westbury, Buckinghamshire
Westbury is a village and civil parish in northern Buckinghamshire, England, about 2.5 miles (4.0 km) east of Brackley and 5 miles (8.0 km) west of Buckingham. In 2011 the parish had a population of 447. It is close to the A422 and the border with Oxfordshire.

The village was given by King Edward IV to the Company of Cooks in London, and has since been sold into private hands.

The parish church is St Augustine, a Grade II* listed building. The church dates back to the 13th century, though much restored in 1863. The church tower houses four bells, one of which dates back to the 14th century.

The village is home to Beachborough School, a private prep school established originally in Hampshire in 1910, but relocated to Westbury in 1942 in the manor house.

Buckingham
Buckingham (/ˈbʌkɪŋəm/ BUK-ing-əm) is a market town in north Buckinghamshire, England, close to the borders of Northamptonshire and Oxfordshire, which had a population of 12,890 at the 2011 Census. The town lies approximately 12 miles (19 km) west of Central Milton Keynes, 19 miles (31 km) south-east of Banbury, and 24 miles (39 km) north-east of Oxford.

Buckingham was the county town of Buckinghamshire from the 10th century, when it was made the capital of the newly formed shire of Buckingham, until Aylesbury took over this role in the 18th century.

Buckingham has a variety of restaurants and pubs, typical of a market town. Britain's first private university, the University of Buckingham, is based here.
Camp High Point
Camp High Point was an eight-week-long summer camp on Route 28A in West Shokan (Ulster County), New York. Located at the foot of Mt. High Point, on the shores of the Ashokan Reservoir, Camp High Point was a 150-acre (0.61 km2) coeducational camp. It consisted of two separate campuses and a central area for administration, dining, medical, and social facilities. It also featured a large (325 ft. x 110 ft.) natural mountain-fed swimming pool. The camp colors were green and white.

Ulster County, New York
Ulster County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. It is situated along the Hudson River. As of the 2020 census, the population was 182,977. The county seat is Kingston. The county is named after the Irish province of Ulster. The county is part of the Hudson Valley region of the state.