hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shuanggang, Tianjin
Shuanggang Town (simplified Chinese: 双港镇; traditional Chinese: 雙港鎮; pinyin: Shuānggǎng Zhèn), or Shuangjiang Town as pronounced by the locals, is a town in Jinnan District, Tianjin, China. It borders Wanxin and Xinli Subdistricts to its north, Xinzhuang Town to its east, Haitang Subdistrict to its south, Dasi Town and Taihulu Subdistrict to its west, as well as Liulin Subdistrict to its northwest. It also contains two subdistricts within: Shuangxin and Shuanglin. As of 2010, it has 103,185 inhabitants under its administration.

The name "Shuanggang" can be literally translated as "Two Ports". The Tianjin TEDA Company started operating its first waste-incineration power plant within the town on 16 December 2004.

Dasi, Tianjin
Dasi Town (simplified Chinese: 大寺镇; traditional Chinese: 大寺鎮; pinyin: Dàsì Zhèn) a town situated in the eastern part of Xiqing District, Tianjin, China. It shares a border with Meijiang and Taihulu Subdistricts to its north, Shuanggang Town and Haitang Subdistrict to its east, Xinzhuang and Balitai Towns to its southeast, Wangwengzhuang Town to its south, Jingwu Town and Liqizhuang Subdistrict to its west, and Jinmenhu Subdistrict to its northwest. The town also contains two subdistricts within: Chilongnan and Chilongbei Subdistricts. The population of this town is 113,290 as of 2010.

The town's name "Dasi" (Chinese: 大寺; lit. 'Great Temple') is referring to Yongxi Temple that was constructed here during the Song dynasty.
Unicoi, Tennessee
Unicoi is a town in Unicoi County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 3,833 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Johnson City Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is a component of the Johnson City–Kingsport–Bristol Combined Statistical Area – commonly known as the "Tri-Cities" region.

Tri-Cities (Tennessee–Virginia)
The Tri-Cities is the region comprising the cities of Kingsport, Johnson City, and Bristol and the surrounding smaller towns and communities in Northeast Tennessee and Southwest Virginia. All three cities are located in Northeast Tennessee, while Bristol has a twin city of the same name in Virginia.

The Tri-Cities region was formerly a single Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA); due to the U.S. Census Bureau's revised definitions of urban areas in the early 2000s, it is now a Combined Statistical Area (CSA) with two metropolitan components: Johnson City and Kingsport–Bristol, TN–VA.  However, the Tri-Cities are usually still considered one population center, which is the fifth-largest in Tennessee.
Nicola Brandt
Nicola Brandt  (born April 5, 1983, in Windhoek, Namibia) is a Namibian-German artist working at the intersection of memory studies, landscape, ecology, and feminist and queer theory. Much of her work uses the metaphor of place and landscape and centres around themes of power, desire, and destruction.

Brandt's artistic production takes the form of photographs and drawings, multi-channel videos, and installations. Brandt became known as a representative of a young generation of Namibian artists, especially through her new, critical approach to landscape and her decolonial examination of German colonial history and her memorial work. She advocates for intersectional solidarity and queer ecologies and has mentored several younger artists and students in related fields.

National Art Gallery of Namibia
The National Art Gallery of Namibia (NAGN) is a state-owned art gallery situated in Windhoek, the capital city of Namibia. It was founded in 1990. The goal of this institution is to preserve and encourage art in Namibia.

It displays in a permanent exhibition of Namibian, African and European Art. Exhibitions of local artists as e.g. Uli Aschenborn are also held. As of 2018 Snobia Kaputu was the Chief Executive Officer of the Gallery between 2017 and 2022. Between 2012 and 2017 Hercules Viljoen was the  Director.
Teodoro Agoncillo
Teodoro Andal Agoncillo (November 9, 1912 – January 14, 1985) was a Filipino historian from the 20th century. He and his contemporary, Renato Constantino, were among the first Filipino historians renowned for promoting a Filipino nationalist historiography. Agoncillo was a professor at the University of the Philippines (UP) and chaired the UP Department of History from 1963 to 1969. His seminal work, The Revolt of the Masses: The Story of Bonifacio and the Katipunan (1956), recounts the early phase of Philippine Revolution led by Andrés Bonifacio's Katipunan. He also authored History of the Filipino People, a standard textbook first published in 1960. In 1985, Agoncillo was posthumously named a National Scientist of the Philippines.

National Scientist of the Philippines
The Order of National Scientists of the Philippines (Tagalog: Orden ng mga Pambansang Alagad ng Agham ng Pilipinas), abbreviated as ONS, is the highest award accorded to Filipino scientists by the Philippine government. Members of the order are known as National Scientists.

The award was created on December 16, 1976, by President Ferdinand Marcos through Presidential Decree Nos. 1003 and 1003-A, which also created the National Academy of Science and Technology. For the purposes of the law, a scientist is defined as "an individual who has earned a doctoral degree in any field of the sciences" and "has demonstrated and earned distinction in independent research or significant innovative achievement in the basic and applied sciences, including agricultural, engineering, and medical sciences, in mathematics and in the social sciences as manifested by published works in recognized scientific and technical journals." It was elevated to the status of order in 2003.
Nantucket Independent
The Nantucket Independent was a weekly newspaper on Nantucket founded by Don Costanzo. It first went into circulation on July 2, 2003, and over the span of five years earned numerous state, regional and national awards for both editorial and advertising excellence.  GateHouse Media New England purchased the newspaper in April, 2008. In September 2010 GateHouse suspended publication and closed its Nantucket office.

Nantucket
Nantucket (/ˌnænˈtʌkɪt/) is an island in Massachusetts, United States, about 30 miles (48 km) south of the Cape Cod peninsula. Together with the small islands of Tuckernuck and Muskeget, it constitutes the Town and County of Nantucket, a combined county/town government.  Nantucket is the southeasternmost town in both Massachusetts and the New England region. The name "Nantucket" is adapted from similar Algonquian names for the island.

Nantucket is a tourist destination and summer colony. Due to tourists and seasonal residents, the population of the island increases to around 80,000 during the summer months. The average sale price for a single-family home was $2.3 million in the first quarter of 2018.

The National Park Service cites Nantucket, designated a National Historic Landmark District in 1966, as being the "finest surviving architectural and environmental example of a late 18th- and early 19th-century New England seaport town."
CYP52 family
Cytochrome P450, family 52, also known as CYP52, is a cytochrome P450 family in fungi participate in the assimilation of alkanes and fatty acids, which the most ancient function was the oxidation of C4-C11 alkanes. The first gene identified in this family is the alkane-inducible cytochrome P450 (P450alk) gene from the yeast Candida tropicalis, with CYP Symbol CYP52A1.

Cytochrome P450
Cytochromes P450 (P450s or CYPs) are a superfamily of enzymes containing heme as a cofactor that mostly, but not exclusively, function as monooxygenases. However, they are not omnipresent; for example, they have not been found in Escherichia coli. In mammals, these enzymes oxidize steroids, fatty acids,  xenobiotics, and participate in many biosyntheses. By hydroxylation, CYP450 enzymes  convert xenobiotics into hydrophilic derivatives, which are more readily excreted.

P450s are, in general, the terminal oxidase enzymes in electron transfer chains, broadly categorized as P450-containing systems. The term "P450" is derived from the spectrophotometric peak at the wavelength of the absorption maximum of the enzyme (450 nm) when it is in the reduced state and complexed with carbon monoxide. Most P450s require a protein partner to deliver one or more electrons to reduce the iron (and eventually molecular oxygen).
1934 Swindon by-election
The 1934 Swindon by-election was held on 25 October 1934.  The by-election was held due to the appointment as county court judge of the incumbent Conservative MP, Reginald Mitchell Banks.  It was won by the Labour candidate Christopher Addison.

Swindon (UK Parliament constituency)
Swindon was a parliamentary constituency in the town of Swindon in Wiltshire, England.

It returned one Member of Parliament (MP)  to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from the 1918 general election until it was abolished for the 1997 general election.

It was then replaced by the two new constituencies of North Swindon and South Swindon.
Cynips quercusechinus
Cynips quercusechinus, the urchin gall wasp, is a species of gall wasp in the family Cynipidae. It induces galls in the leaves and leaf buds of blue oak and scrub oak. Like other oak gall wasps, it has two generations: a bisexual generation, and a parthenogenic female generation. In spring, the hatching bisexual generation produces hollow green galls in leaf buds. In summer, the unisexual generation induces its galls, which are red or pink and resemble sea urchins, on the undersides of leaves. These galls are about 10 millimetres (0.39 in) in diameter. The galls fall with the leaves in autumn, and the larvae inside of them emerge as adults in the spring and lay their eggs.

This species was first described by Carl Robert Osten-Sacken in 1870 based on specimens from California.

Gall
Galls (from the Latin galla, 'oak-apple') or cecidia (from the Greek kēkidion, anything gushing out) are a kind of swelling growth on the external tissues of plants. Plant galls are abnormal outgrowths of plant tissues, similar to benign tumors or warts in animals. They can be caused by various parasites, from viruses, fungi and bacteria, to other plants, insects and mites. Plant galls can be such highly organized structures that their cause can be determined without the actual agent being identified. This applies particularly to insect and mite plant galls. The study of plant galls is known as cecidology.
Kidepo International Airport
Kidepo International Airport (IATA: n/a, ICAO: n/a) is an airport under development in Uganda. When completed, it will be the third international airport in the country, the other two being Entebbe International Airport and Kabalega International Airport.

Entebbe International Airport
Entebbe International Airport (IATA: EBB, ICAO: HUEN) is the only international airport in Uganda. It is located about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) southwest of the town of Entebbe, on the northern shores of Lake Victoria. This is approximately 40 kilometres (25 mi) by road south-west of the central business district of Kampala, the capital city of Uganda.

The headquarters of the Civil Aviation Authority of Uganda have been relocated to a new block off the airport highway (Entebbe–Kampala Expressway and Tunnel Road), but adjacent to the airport terminals.
Pseudopolynomial time number partitioning
In computer science, pseudopolynomial time number partitioning is a pseudopolynomial time algorithm for solving the partition problem.

The problem can be solved using dynamic programming when the size of the set and the size of the sum of the integers in the set are not too big to render the storage requirements infeasible.

Suppose the input to the algorithm is a multiset  of cardinality :

S = {x1, ..., xN}

Let K be the sum of all elements in S. That is: K = x1 + ... + xN. We will build an algorithm that determines whether there is a subset of S that sums to . If there is a subset, then:

if K is even, the rest of S also sums to

if K is odd, then the rest of S sums to . This is as good a solution as possible.

e.g.1 S = {1, 2, 3, 5}, K = sum(S) = 11, K/2 = 5, Find a subset from S that is closest to K/2 -> {2, 3} = 5, 11 - 5 * 2 = 1

e.g.2 S = {1, 3, 7}, K = sum(S) = 11, K/2 = 5, Find a subset from S that is closest to K/2 -> {1, 3} = 4, 11 - 4 * 2 = 3

Pseudo-polynomial time
In computational complexity theory, a numeric algorithm runs in pseudo-polynomial time if its running time is bounded from above by a polynomial function of the two variables: the numeric value of the input (the largest integer present in the input) and the length of the input (the number of bits required to represent it).

In general, the numeric value of the input is exponential in the input length, which is why a pseudo-polynomial time algorithm does not necessarily run in polynomial time with respect to the input length.

An NP-complete problem with known pseudo-polynomial time algorithms is called weakly NP-complete.
An NP-complete problem is called strongly NP-complete if it is proven that it cannot be solved by a  pseudo-polynomial time algorithm unless P = NP. The strong/weak kinds of NP-hardness are defined analogously.
MTA BaltimoreLink
The Maryland Transit Administration provides primary public bus service for the Baltimore metropolitan area and commuter bus service in other parts of Maryland. There are 76 bus routes which include 45 LocalLink routes, 12 high-frequency CityLink routes, eight express bus routes (which operate from the suburbs to downtown Baltimore), 19 commuter bus routes, and five Intercounty Connector (ICC) routes which operate primarily from central Maryland to Washington, D.C. or Washington Metrorail stations. Local and commuter bus routes operate in conjunction with one subway line, three light rail lines and MARC Train service, and connect to other transit agencies.

Baltimore Metro SubwayLink
The Baltimore Metro SubwayLink is a rapid transit line serving Baltimore, Maryland, and its northwestern suburbs, operated by the Maryland Transit Administration. The segment in Downtown Baltimore is underground, while most of the line outside the central city is elevated or at surface grade. In 2025, the line had a ridership of 5,487,000, or about 15,200 per weekday as of the fourth quarter of 2025.
Saltugilia
Saltugilia is a genus of flowering plants in the phlox family, Polemoniaceae. They are known commonly as woodland gilias. There are four species. Two are endemic to California in the United States, and the distributions of the other two extend into Baja California in Mexico.

This genus was erected in the year 2000 to segregate three species from the genus Gilia on the basis of phylogenetic evidence. Analysis of DNA was used in the formation of the new taxon, and studies of other characteristics of the plants, such as morphological, palynological, and ecological traits, were considered.  Saltugilia was a section of genus Gilia. These three species were classified in the new genus Saltugilia, and the fourth was newly described to science in 2001.

Gilia
Gilia is a genus of flowering plants in the Polemoniaceae family and is related to phlox. It includes 39 species native to the Americas, ranging from British Columbia to Texas and northern Mexico, and to Ohio, in North America, and from Ecuador and Peru to southern Chile and Argentina in South America. These Western native plants are best sown in sunny, well-draining soil in the temperate and tropical regions of the Americas, where they occur mainly in desert or semi-desert habitats

They are summer annuals, rarely perennials, growing to 10–120 cm tall. The leaves are spirally arranged, usually pinnate (rarely simple), forming a basal rosette in most species. The flowers are produced in a panicle, with a five-lobed corolla, which can be blue, white, pink or yellow.

Gilia species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Schinia aurantiaca and Schinia biundulata (the latter feeds exclusively on G. cana).
SecA
The SecA protein is a cell membrane associated subunit of the bacterial Sec or Type II secretory pathway, a system which is responsible for the secretion of proteins through the cell membrane. Within this system the SecA ATPase forms a translocase complex with the SecYEG channel, thereby driving the movement of the protein substrate across the membrane.

Secretion
Secretion is the movement of material from one point to another, such as a secreted chemical substance from a cell or gland. In contrast, excretion is the removal of certain substances or waste products from a cell or organism. The classical mechanism of cell secretion is via secretory portals at the plasma membrane called porosomes. Porosomes are permanent cup-shaped lipoprotein structures embedded in the cell membrane, where secretory vesicles transiently dock and fuse to release intra-vesicular contents from the cell.

Secretion in bacterial species means the transport or translocation of effector molecules. For example, proteins, enzymes or toxins (such as cholera toxin in pathogenic bacteria e.g. Vibrio cholerae) move from across the interior (cytoplasm or cytosol) of a bacterial cell to its exterior. Secretion is a very important mechanism in bacterial functioning and operation in their natural surrounding environment for adaptation and survival.
Rufus Lumry
Rufus Lumry (Aug. 7, 1800 – June 21, 1862) was an American circuit preacher and outspoken abolitionist. Ordained as an elder in the Methodist Episcopal Church, then riven by conflict over slavery, Lumry was arraigned before its 1842 Illinois Annual Conference at Chicago for anti-slavery agitation, from which he was asked to desist. He replied that no man or group of men would put a padlock on his lips, and became a leading Illinois organizer of the new, staunchly abolitionist Wesleyan Methodist Church. Lumry unsuccessfully ran for the Illinois General Assembly on the abolitionist Liberty Party ticket in 1844 and helped found Wheaton College and its predecessor, the Illinois Institute in the 1850s and beginning of the 1860s–as well as the former Amity College in College Springs, Iowa. Lumry was a coworker with fellow abolitionists Ichabod Codding and Zebina Eastman. Of him, Owen Lovejoy said, "Lumry is a sharp thrashing instrument, having teeth wherewith the Lord thrasheth slavery."

Owen Lovejoy
Owen Lovejoy (January 6, 1811 – March 25, 1864) was an American lawyer, Congregational minister, abolitionist, and Republican congressman from Illinois. He was also a "conductor" on the Underground Railroad. After his brother Elijah Lovejoy was murdered in November 1837 by pro-slavery forces, Owen, a friend of Abraham Lincoln, became a leader of abolitionists in Illinois, condemning slavery and assisting runaway slaves in escaping to freedom.
Ussuri krai
Ussuri krai (Russian: Уссури́йский край) is an unofficial name for a part of Primorsky Krai and Khabarovsky Krai that consisted of the Ussuri and South-Ussuri Okrugs. The name was often used in the late Russian Empire. The name comes from the fact that Ussuri River is located on the territory of the krai.

Through the efforts of the Russian governor Nikolay Muravyov-Amursky, the Qing dynasty of China conceded its rights to the territory to Russia in the Amur Annexation. This decision was officially documented in the Aigun Treaty (1858) and the Convention of Peking (1860).

In 1889–1918, Ussuri krai was the location of the Ussuri Cossack Host. It was re-established in the 1990s.

National Geographic Channel represented the film named "Secret Forest" as the part of the cycle Wild Russia, which describes the natural reserves of Ussuri Krai.

Ussuri
The Ussuri (/uːˈsʊəri/ oo-SOOR-ee; Russian: Уссури [ʊsˈsurʲɪ]) or Wusuli (Chinese: 乌苏里; pinyin: wūsūlǐ [ǔsǔlî]) is a river that runs through Khabarovsk and Primorsky Krais, Russia and the southeast region of Northeast China in the province of Heilongjiang. It rises in the Sikhote-Alin mountain range, flowing north and forming part of the Sino-Russian border (which is based on the Sino-Russian Convention of Peking of 1860), until it joins the Amur as a tributary near Khabarovsk. It is approximately 897 km (557 mi) long. The Ussuri drains the Ussuri basin, which covers 193,000 km2 (75,000 mi2). Its waters come from rain (60%), snow (30–35%), and subterranean springs. The average discharge is 1,620 m3/s (57,000 cu ft/s), and the average elevation is 1,682 metres (5,518 ft).
Quirindi Shire
Quirindi Shire was a local government area in the New England region of New South Wales, Australia.

Quirindi Shire was proclaimed on 1 January 1980, created from the amalgamation of Tamarang Shire and the Municipality of Quirindi as a result of the Local Government Areas Amalgamation Act 1980.

The shire offices were based in Quirindi. Other localities in the Shire included Blackville, Caroona,  Colly Blue, Premer and Spring Ridge.

Quirindi Shire amalgamated with parts of Murrurundi Shire, Parry Shire and Gunnedah Shires to form Liverpool Plains Shire on 17 March 2004.

Murrurundi Shire
Murrurundi Shire was a local government area,  centred on the town of Murrurundi, New South Wales, Australia.  It was abolished by amalgamation in 2004,  with the parts of the shire north of the Liverpool Range being incorporated into the new Liverpool Plains Shire,  and the part of the shire south of the Liverpool Range, including the town of Murrurundi, merged into the new Upper Hunter Shire.
Winnipeg (federal electoral district)
Winnipeg was a federal electoral district in Manitoba, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1882 to 1917.

This riding was created in 1882 from parts of Selkirk riding. It was abolished in 1914 when it was redistributed into Winnipeg Centre, Winnipeg North and Winnipeg South ridings. It consisted of the city of Winnipeg and the municipality of Fort Rouge.

Selkirk (federal electoral district)
Selkirk was a federal electoral district in Manitoba, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1871 to 1979.

This riding was created in 1871 when the province of Manitoba was created. It was abolished in 1976 when it was redistributed into Selkirk—Interlake and Winnipeg—Birds Hill ridings. It was recreated in 1987 from parts Selkirk—Interlake, Winnipeg North Centre and Winnipeg—Birds Hill ridings. For information about that riding, see Selkirk—Red River. This new incarnation was renamed in 1990 to Selkirk—Red River and abolished in 1996.
Pon-i Conquest of Manila (1304)
According to Wang Zhenping citing the Chinese gazeeter: "Dade Nanhai zhi (大德南海志)", which was published with a preface dated at 1304, the Pon-i Empire (Pre-Islamic Hindu Brunei) had conquered Manila by at least year 1304, wherein Malilu 麻裏蘆 (present-day Manila) were listed among the kingdoms which Pon-i (Brunei) ruled, the other kingdoms that were conquered by Pon-i include: Sarawak and Sabah, as well as the Philippine kingdoms of: Butuan, Sulu, Ma-i (Mindoro or Laguna), Shahuchong 沙胡重 (present-day Zamboanga), Yachen 啞陳 (Oton), and 文杜陵 Wenduling (present-day Mindanao, Bintulu or Mindoro).

Butuan (historical polity)
Butuan, sometimes referred to as the Rajahnate of Butuan (Filipino: Kaharian ng Butuan; Butuanon: Gingharian hong Butuan; Cebuano: Gingharian sa Butuan; Chinese: 蒲端國; pinyin: Púduānguó), was a precolonial Bisaya Hindu polity (lungsod) centered around northeastern Mindanao island in present-day Butuan, Philippines. It was known for its gold mining, gold jewelry and other wares, and its extensive trade network across maritime Southeast Asia and elsewhere. Over its long history the lungsod had direct trading relationships with the ancient civilizations of China, Champa, Đại Việt, Pon-i (Brunei), Srivijaya, Majapahit, Kambuja, and even Persia as well as areas now comprised in Thailand.

The balangay (large outrigger boats) that have been found along the east and west banks of the Libertad River (the old Agusan River) have revealed much about Butuan's history. As a result, Butuan is considered to have been a major trading port in the Caraga region during the precolonial era.