hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Salomon Smolianoff
Salomon Smolianoff (March 26, 1897 – November 14, 1976) was a Jewish counterfeiter and Holocaust survivor involved in Operation Bernhard. In the 2007 film The Counterfeiters based on Adolf Burger's memoirs (which film received a foreign-language Oscar for Austria in 2008), the character is renamed  Salomon "Sally" Sorowitsch. The character is played by Karl Markovics, an Austrian stage and television actor.

Adolf Burger
Adolf Burger (12 August 1917 – 6 December 2016) was a Slovak Jewish typographer, memoir writer, and Holocaust survivor involved in Operation Bernhard. The film The Counterfeiters, based largely on his memoirs, won the 2007 Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.
Ronda de la Universitat, Barcelona
Ronda de la Universitat is a major thoroughfare of central Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, in lower side of the Dreta de l'Eixample, in the Eixample district. It links two of the city's three main squares, running from Plaça de Catalunya towards Plaça Universitat. There it meets Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes and Ronda de Sant Antoni begins. It's essentially the same street as Ronda de Sant Pere, which follows it right after Plaça de Catalunya. As the other ronda, it follows the original outline of the medieval city walls, particularly the wall of Tallers, above the area nowadays known as Raval, where a road called Carrer de Tallers runs partially parallel to it. Ronda de la Universitat was paved in 1872. It takes its name from the Universitat de Barcelona, which has had its main building at Plaça Universitat since the 19th century. Before its current name was approved in 1989, its official name was in Spanish: Universidad. The Biblioteca Judicial de Catalunya is on this street.

Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes
Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes ("Great Way of the Catalan Courts"), more simply known as Gran Via [ˈɡɾam ˈbi.ə], is one of Barcelona's major avenues. With a length of 13.1 km (8.1 mi), it is the longest street in Catalonia and the 2nd longest in Spain, after Gran Vía de la Manga, in La Manga del Mar Menor, but is the one with most street numbers in Spain.
Bob Thomas (Labour politician)
Sir Robert Evan Thomas JP (8 October 1901 - 17 April 2004) was a British politician and trade unionist who served as Leader of Manchester City Council on three occasions between 1956 and 1973. A member of the Labour Party, he was also leader of Greater Manchester County Council from 1974 to 1977.

Manchester City Council
Manchester City Council is the local authority for the city of Manchester in Greater Manchester, England. Manchester has had an elected local authority since 1838, which has been reformed several times. Since 1974 the council has been a metropolitan borough council. It provides the majority of local government services in the city. The council has been a member of the Greater Manchester Combined Authority since 2011.

The council has been under Labour majority control since 1971. It is based at Manchester Town Hall.
2019 IFSC Climbing World Cup
The 2019 IFSC Climbing World Cup was held in 12 locations. Bouldering, lead and speed competitions were each held in 6 locations. The season began on 5 April in Meiringen, Switzerland with the first bouldering competition in the season, and concluded on 27 October in Inzai, Japan, with the last lead climbing competition in the season.

The top 3 in each competition received medals, and the overall winners were awarded trophies. At the end of the season an overall ranking was determined based upon points, which athletes were awarded for finishing in the top 30 of each individual event.

2019 IFSC Climbing World Championships
The 2019 IFSC Climbing World Championships, the 16th edition, were held in Hachioji, Japan from 11 to 21 August 2019. The championships consisted of lead, speed, bouldering, and combined events. The paraclimbing event was held separately from 16 to 17 July in Briançon, France. The combined event also served as an Olympic qualifying event for the 2020 Summer Olympics.
George Houser
George Mills Houser (June 2, 1916 – August 19, 2015) was an American Methodist minister, civil rights activist, and activist for the independence of African nations.  He served on the staff of the Fellowship of Reconciliation (1940s–1950s).

With James Farmer and Bernice Fisher, he co-founded the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) in 1942 in Chicago. With Bayard Rustin, another FOR staffer, Houser co-led the Journey of Reconciliation, a form of nonviolent direct action, a two-week interracial bus journey challenging segregation. It was a model for the 1961 Freedom Rides that CORE and the Nashville Student Movement later organized through the Deep South.

Fellowship of Reconciliation
The Fellowship of Reconciliation (FoR or FOR) is the name used by a number of religious nonviolent organizations, particularly in English-speaking countries. They are linked by affiliation to the International Fellowship of Reconciliation (IFOR).

In the United Kingdom, the acronym "FoR" is normally typeset with a lower-case "o"; elsewhere, it is usually typeset in all capital letters, as "FOR", such as in "IFOR".
Kirkby on Bain
Kirkby on Bain is a village and civil parish in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. It lies on the River Bain between Horncastle and Coningsby, and just west of the A153 road. Close to the north is the village of Haltham. In 2011 the parish had a population of 295.

Haltham
Haltham is a village and civil parish in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 122. It is situated 4 miles (6.4 km) south from the town of Horncastle, and on the east bank of the River Bain in the Lincolnshire Wolds, a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
Greg Bolger
Greg Bolger (born 9 September 1988) is an Irish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for League of Ireland First Division club Cork City. His previous clubs are UCD, Sporting Fingal, Dundalk, St Patrick's Athletic, Shamrock Rovers and Sligo Rovers.

League of Ireland First Division
The League of Ireland First Division, also known as the SSE Airtricity League First Division for sponsorship reasons, is the second-highest division in both the League of Ireland and the Republic of Ireland football league system. The division was formed in 1985 as it replaced the League of Ireland B Division as the League of Ireland's second level division. Since 2003 the First Division has operated as a summer league. The division is contested by 10 clubs.
HMS Active (Type 31 frigate)
HMS Active is a planned Type 31 frigate and the thirteenth vessel of the Royal Navy to carry the name. In May 2021, the names of the five planned Type 31 ships were announced by the First Sea Lord. The names were selected to represent key themes that represent the future plans of the Royal Navy and Royal Marines - forward deployment of ships overseas; operating in the North Atlantic; carrier operations; technology and innovation; and the Future Commando Force.

Active, named after the Type 21 frigate which served in the Falklands War, symbolises forward deployment of ships overseas. The plan for the Type 31 project envisages all five units of the class being in service by February 2030.

Type 31 frigate
The Type 31 frigate, also known as the Inspiration class, formerly known as the Type 31e frigate or General Purpose Frigate (GPF), is a class of five frigates being built for the United Kingdom's Royal Navy, with variants also being built for the Indonesian and Polish navies. The Type 31 is intended to enter service in the 2020s alongside the eight submarine-hunting Type 26 frigates and will replace five general-purpose Type 23 frigates. The Type 31 is part of the British government's "National Shipbuilding Strategy".

Under construction by Babcock International, it is based on the Odense Maritime Technology (OMT) Iver Huitfeldt-class frigate hull and is marketed under the name Arrowhead 140. The design has been sold to Indonesia as the four ship Balaputradewa-class frigate (equipped with Turkish MiDLAS VLS) in September 2021, and to Poland for the three ship Wicher-class frigates in March 2022.
1942 York state by-election
A by-election for the seat of York in the Legislative Assembly of Western Australia was held on 21 November 1942. It was triggered by the resignation of Charles Latham (the Country Party leader and leader of the opposition) on 7 October 1942, to take up an appointment to the Senate. The Country Party retained the seat, with Charles Perkins winning by just 40 votes on the two-candidate-preferred count.

Charles Latham
Sir Charles George Latham (26 January 1882 – 26 August 1968), often shortened to simply C. G. Latham, was an Australian politician, former leader of the opposition in Western Australia and the 10th President of the Western Australian Legislative Council. Latham served over twelve years as leader of the state's Country Party, and over thirty years in the Parliament of Western Australia. Latham also served roughly ten months in the Federal Parliament, as a Senator for Western Australia.
Steroidal aromatase inhibitor
Steroidal aromatase inhibitors are a class of drugs that are mostly used for treating breast cancer in postmenopausal women. High levels of estrogen in breast tissue increases the risk of developing breast cancer and the enzyme aromatase is considered to be a good therapeutic target when treating breast cancer due to it being involved in the final step of estrogen biosynthetic pathway and also its inhibition will not affect production of other steroids. Aromatase Inhibitors are classified into two categories based on their structure, nonsteroidal and steroidal; the latter resemble the structure of androstenedione. Steroidal aromatase inhibitors irreversibly inhibit the enzyme by binding covalently to the binding site of aromatase so the substrate cannot access it.

Steroid
A steroid is an organic compound with four fused rings (designated A, B, C, and D) arranged in a specific molecular configuration.

Steroids have two principal biological functions: as important components of cell membranes that alter membrane fluidity; and as signaling molecules. Examples include the lipid cholesterol, sex hormones estradiol and testosterone,: 10–19  anabolic steroids, and the anti-inflammatory corticosteroid drug dexamethasone. Hundreds of steroids are found in fungi, plants, and animals. All steroids are manufactured in cells from a sterol: cholesterol (animals), lanosterol (opisthokonts), or cycloartenol (plants). All three of these molecules are produced via cyclization of the triterpene squalene.
Jakelyne Oliveira
Jakelyne de Oliveira Silva (born March 18, 1993, in Rondonópolis) is a Brazilian dancer, model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Brazil 2013 and represented her country at Miss Universe 2013 in Moscow, Russia. In September 2020 she joined the cast of the reality show A Fazenda.

Miss Universe 2013
Miss Universe 2013 was the 62nd Miss Universe pageant, held at the Crocus City Hall in Krasnogorsk, Moscow, Russia, on 9 November 2013.

At the conclusion of the event, Olivia Culpo of the United States crowned Gabriela Isler of Venezuela as Miss Universe 2013. It was Venezuela's seventh victory, the second-most in the pageant's history.

Contestants from eighty-six countries and territories competed in this year's pageant. The pageant was hosted by Thomas Roberts and Mel B, with Jeannie Mai as backstage correspondent. Russian singer Emin Agalarov, American pop rock band Panic! at the Disco, and American singer-songwriter Steven Tyler performed in this year's pageant.
Marine Aircraft Group 40
Marine Aircraft Group 40 is a composite United States Marine Corps aviation unit that is based in Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point and was deployed to Afghanistan in 2009.  They served as the aviation combat element for 2nd Marine Expeditionary Brigade which was supporting Operation Enduring Freedom from spring 2009 through 4 April 2010 when they were relieved by the 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing (Fwd).  The group is currently composed of two CH-53 squadrons, one light attack helicopter squadron, one AV-8B Harrier II squadron, one MV-22 Osprey squadron, one KC-130 tactical aerial refueling squadron, one unmanned aerial vehicle squadron and an aviation logistics squadron.

3rd Marine Aircraft Wing
The 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing (abbreviated as 3rd MAW) is the major west coast aviation unit of the United States Marine Corps. It is headquartered at Marine Corps Air Station Miramar, in San Diego, California, and provides the aviation combat element for I Marine Expeditionary Force.  The wing is made up of a headquarters squadron, four flying groups, an aviation command and control group and an aviation engineering group.
Cuthbert Hilton Golding-Bird
Cuthbert Hilton Golding-Bird (7 July 1848–16 March 1939) was an English surgeon at Guy's Hospital, fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons, and lecturer to medical students.  He was skilled in histology, invented a dilator for use in tracheotomies, and pioneered a new gastroenterological surgical procedure.

Outside of medicine, Golding-Bird was known as a collector of clocks.  He also published books on local archaeology.

Histology
Histology, also known as microscopic anatomy, microanatomy or histoanatomy, is the branch of biology that studies the microscopic anatomy of biological tissues. Histology is the microscopic counterpart to gross anatomy, which looks at larger structures visible without a microscope.

Historically, microscopic anatomy was divided into organology, the study of organs, histology, the study of tissues, and cytology, the study of cells, although modern usage places all of these topics under the field of histology. In medicine, histopathology is the branch of histology that includes the microscopic identification and study of diseased tissue. In the field of paleontology, the term paleohistology refers to the histology of fossil organisms.
Formiche Alto
Formiche Alto is a municipality located in the province of Teruel, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality had a population of 191 inhabitants.
According to the 2010 census, the municipality has a population of 190 inhabitants. Its postal code is 44440

This town is located in the Gúdar-Javalambre comarca, at the feet of the Sierra de Camarena, Sistema Ibérico.

Gúdar-Javalambre
Gúdar-Javalambre is a comarca in Aragon, Spain. The most important town is Mora de Rubielos.

This comarca is located at the southern end of Aragon, bordering the Valencian Community. The area is mountainous with the summits of the Sistema Ibérico rising over towns with little or very little population in which the agricultural houses of the former villages have become summerhouses.

The Sierra de Gúdar and the Sierra de Javalambre dominate the landscape and give their name to the comarca. The summits are covered in snow in the winter. The Aramón Javalambre ski resort is located in this comarca.
Hazel Smith (writer)
Hazel Smith is an experimental and performance poet, electronic literature writer, a multimedia artist, musician and academic. In addition to her artistic career, she is known for her scholarship on practice-based research. She has published nine poetry collections, over 40 sound and multimedia works and five academic books. She is an Emeritus Professor in the Writing and Society Research Centre at Western Sydney University, and an elected Fellow of the Royal Society of New South Wales.

Western Sydney University
Western Sydney University, formerly the University of Western Sydney, is an Australian multi-campus public research university in the Greater Western region of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

The university in its current form was founded in 1989 as a federated network university with an amalgamation between the Nepean College of Advanced Education and the Hawkesbury Agricultural College. The Macarthur Institute of Higher Education was incorporated in the university in 1989. In 2001, the University of Western Sydney was restructured as a single multi-campus university rather than as a federation. In 2015, the university underwent a rebranding which resulted in a change in name from the University of Western Sydney to Western Sydney University. It is a provider of undergraduate, postgraduate, and higher research degrees with campuses in Bankstown, Blacktown, Campbelltown, Hawkesbury, Liverpool, Parramatta, Penrith, and Surabaya.
Blue Joker
Blue Joker, a rainbow code name, was an experimental moored balloon-mounted, airborne early-warning radar project developed by the Royal Radar Establishment (RRE) starting in 1953. The idea was to position the radar high in the air in order to extend its radar horizon and allow it to see low-flying aircraft. Ground reflections were filtered out using a moving target indicator (MTI) system. Two examples were built and tested in the late 1950s, but the project was cancelled in 1960 as part of the Linesman/Mediator efforts.

Radar horizon
The radar horizon is a critical area of performance for aircraft detection systems, defined by the distance at which the radar beam rises enough above the Earth's surface to make detection of a target at the lowest level possible. It is associated with the low elevation region of performance, and its geometry depends on terrain, radar height, and signal processing. This concept is associated with the notions of radar shadow, the clutter zone, and the clear zone.

Airborne objects can exploit the radar shadow zone and clutter zone to avoid radar detection by using a technique called nap-of-the-earth navigation.
Highway 403 (Thailand)
Highway 403 is a road in Thailand that is divided into 3 sections. The first section starts at Amphoe Mueang Nakhon Si Thammarat. It goes south-westward and join Route 41 at Suan Pak junction. The 2nd section starts at Chong Khao junction. It goes westward to Amphoe Thung Song, then goes southward and join with Route 4 near Amphoe Huai Yot. The 3rd sections starts at Amphoe Mueang Trang. It goes south-westward and ends at Amphoe Kantang

Mueang Trang district
Mueang Trang (Thai: เมืองตรัง, pronounced [mɯ̄a̯ŋ trāŋ]), also Mueang Thap Thiang (Thai: เมืองทับเที่ยง), is the capital district (amphoe mueang) of Trang province, Thailand. The city (thesaban nakhon) has a population of 59,637 (2005) and covers tambon Thap Thiang of Mueang Trang District.
Maaike Aarts
Maaike Aarts (born in Amsterdam on 10 March 1976) is a Dutch violinist. She is a member of the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra, for which she plays as a first violin, since December 2004 She was briefly a member of the heavy metal band Celestial Season, playing in their 1995 releases Solar Lovers and Sonic Orb.

Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra
The Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra (Dutch: Koninklĳk Concertgebouworkest, pronounced [ˌkoːnɪŋklə kɔnˈsɛrtxəbʌu.ɔrˌkɛst]) is a Dutch symphony orchestra, established in 1888 at the Amsterdam Royal Concertgebouw (concert hall). It is considered one of the world's leading orchestras. It was known as the Concertgebouw Orchestra until Queen Beatrix conferred the "Royal" prefix upon it in celebration of its centenary in 1988; the prefix was also granted to the concert hall in 2013.
Ernest Sachs Jr.
Ernest Sachs Jr. (October 2, 1916 – December 3, 2001) was an American neurosurgeon. The great-grandson of Goldman Sachs's founder, he was a neurosurgeon at Dartmouth College's Hitchcock Medical Center for 30 years. He promoted the use of the seat belt from the early 1960s onward. He researched the cause of schizophrenia as well as Ramsay Hunt syndrome, brain tumors and head injuries.

Ramsay Hunt syndrome type 2
Ramsay Hunt syndrome type 2, commonly referred to simply as Ramsay Hunt syndrome (RHS) and also known as herpes zoster oticus, is inflammation of the geniculate ganglion of the facial nerve as a late consequence of varicella zoster virus (VZV). In regard to the frequency, less than 1% of varicella zoster infections involve the facial nerve and result in RHS. It is traditionally defined as a triad of ipsilateral facial paralysis, otalgia, and vesicles close to the ear and auditory canal. Due to its proximity to the vestibulocochlear nerve, the virus can spread and cause hearing loss, tinnitus (hearing noises that are not caused by outside sounds), and vertigo. It is common for diagnoses to be overlooked or delayed, which can raise the likelihood of long-term consequences. It is more complicated than Bell's palsy. Therapy aims to shorten its overall length, while also providing pain relief and averting any consequences.
Hazel Branch
Hazel Elisabeth Branch (October 1, 1886 – August 24, 1973) was an American entomologist and academic. She was a professor and head of the Department of Zoology at Wichita State University. Branch was a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the president of the Kansas Academy of Science.

Kansas Academy of Science
The Kansas Academy of Science is a public organization for the promotion and promulgation of scientific research in the state of Kansas, United States. It was created as the Kansas Natural History Society at a meeting at Lincoln College (now Washburn University) in Topeka. The first president was Benjamin Franklin Mudge, the former State Geologist and a professor at the Kansas State Agricultural College (now Kansas State University).

In 1870 John Fraser replaced Mudge as president, and suggested that the Society broaden its scope to include all science, and not just natural science. The next year, the Society changed its name to the "Kansas Academy of Science". In 1873 the Society was incorporated by the legislature as a state institution. The legislature placed the academy under the state department of agriculture and charged them with the creation of a science library and the collection of scientific specimens.
José Nebot
José Nebot Navarro (5 September 1947 – 26 November 2013) was a Spanish footballer who played as a forward.

He played 31 La Liga games for Valencia and Betis, scoring 9 goals and winning the league title with the former in 1971. In the Segunda División, he achieved totals of 102 games and 49 goals for Mestalla, Betis and Mallorca.

RCD Mallorca
Real Club Deportivo Mallorca, S.A.D. (Spanish: [reˈal ˈkluβ ðepoɾˈtiβo maˈʎoɾka], Catalan: Reial Club Deportiu Mallorca [rəˈjal ˈklub dəpuɾˈtiw məˈʎɔɾkə], Royal Sporting Club Mallorca), commonly known as Real Mallorca or RCD Mallorca, is a Spanish professional football club based in Palma on the island of Mallorca in the Balearic Islands. Founded on 5 March 1916, they currently compete in La Liga, holding home games at the Estadi Mallorca Son Moix with a 23,142-seat capacity.

The club had its peak in the late 1990s and early 2000s, reaching a best-ever third place in La Liga in 1999 and 2001 and winning the Copa del Rey in 2003 following final defeats in 1991, 1998 and 2024. Mallorca also won the 1998 Supercopa de España and reached the 1999 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup final.

Mallorca traditionally play in red shirts with black shorts and socks.
Verónica Saladín
Verónica Estela Saladín Tolentino (born 21 May 1992) is a weightlifter from the Dominican Republic. She won the silver medal in the women's +87 kg event at the 2019 Pan American Games held in Lima, Peru. She is also a three-time silver medalist at the Pan American Weightlifting Championships and a two-time medalist, including gold, at the Central American and Caribbean Games.

2019 Pan American Games
The 2019 Pan American Games (Spanish: Juegos Panamericanos de 2019), officially the XVIII Pan American Games (Spanish: XVIII Juegos Panamericanos) and commonly known as Lima 2019, were a multi-sport event governed by the Panam Sports Organization held in Lima, Peru from July 26 to August 11, 2019, with preliminary rounds in certain events having begun on July 24, 2019. These were the first Pan American Games to be held in Peru, and the seventh to be held in South America.

The opening ceremony took place on July 26 at the National Stadium of Peru, and the Games were declared open by former Peruvian President Martín Vizcarra. These Pan American Games were held at venues in and around Lima, and are the largest sporting event ever hosted by the country.