hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
HM Revenue and Customs v Stringer
Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs v Stringer and Schultz-Hoff v Deutsche Rentenversicherung Bund [2009] UKHL 31 is a European labour law and UK labour law case concerning the Working Time Directive, which is relevant for the Working Time Regulations 1998.

Working Time Regulations 1998
The Working Time Regulations 1998 (SI 1998/1833) is a statutory instrument in UK labour law which implemented the EU Working Time Directive (93/104/EC). It was updated by the Working Time Regulations 1999 (SI 1999/3372), but these amendments were then withdrawn by the Working Time (Amendment) Regulations 2006 (SI 2006/99) following a legal challenge in the European Court of Justice. It does not extend to Northern Ireland.
Eucalyptus vesiculosa
Eucalyptus vesiculosa, commonly known as the Corackerup marlock, is a species of marlock (a small, shrubby tree with a crown extending to near ground level) that is endemic to a small area on the south coast of Western Australia. It has smooth bark, elliptical to egg-shaped leaves, flower buds usually in groups of seven, red flowers and conical fruit.

Marlock
A marlock or moort is a shrubby or small-tree form of Eucalyptus found in Western Australia. Unlike the mallee, it is single-stemmed and lacks a lignotuber. It has a dense canopy of leaves which often extends to near ground level.

Marlock species include:

Bald Island marlock  (Eucalyptus conferruminata or Eucalyptus lehmannii)

black marlock, black-barked marlock (Eucalyptus redunca)

Comet Vale marlock (Eucalyptus comitae-vallis)

flowering marlock, long-flowered marlock, long-leaved marlock  (Eucalyptus macrandra)

forrest's marlock (Eucalyptus forrestiana)

limestone marlock  (Eucalyptus decipiens)

Quoin Head marlock (Eucalyptus mcquoidii)

Moorts are a form of marlock with smooth, grey bark including the following species:

moort or round-leaved moort (Eucalyptus platypus)

red-flowered moort (Eucalyptus nutans)

Stoate's moort (Eucalyptus stoatei)
Evgeny Tyrtyshnikov
Evgeny Tyrtyshnikov (Russian: Евге́ний Евге́ньевич Тырты́шников) (born 1955) is a Russian mathematician, Dr.Sc., Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, a professor at the Faculty of Computer Science at the Moscow State University.

He graduated from the faculty MSU CMC (1977). Has been working at Moscow State University since 2004.

He defended the thesis "Matrices of the Toeplitz type and their applications" for the degree of Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences (1990).

Was awarded the title of Professor (1996), Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (2006), Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences (2016).

Author of 12 books and more than 130 scientific articles.

Research interests: linear algebra and its applications, asymptotic analysis of matrix spectra, integral equations of mathematical physics, computational methods.

Academician
An academician is a full member of an artistic, literary, engineering, or scientific academy. In many countries, it is an honorific title used to denote a full member of an academy that has a strong influence on national scientific life.

Accordingly, within systems such as the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, the title grants privileges and administrative responsibilities for funding allocation and research priorities.
Joytime III
Joytime III is the third studio album by American DJ and record producer Marshmello. It was released on July 2, 2019, one day earlier than its planned release date, July 3. The album features collaborations with producers Bellecour, Crankdat, Flux Pavilion, Slushii, Tynan, Wiwek, and Yultron. Joytime III also features vocals by A Day to Remember, Elohim, and Marshmello himself. All 13 songs were released early via a video game release, promoting both the game and the album.

Flux Pavilion
Joshua Kiekegaard Grant Steele (born 15 January 1989), known professionally as Flux Pavilion, is an English EDM producer, DJ, singer-songwriter and label owner. He started performing in 2008.

Flux Pavilion has headlined three US tours, two UK tours, and several festival DJ sets, including Glastonbury, Reading, Coachella, and EDC Vegas. He has performed live with Example, Foreign Beggars and Chiddy Bang. Flux Pavilion says he draws inspiration from The Prodigy and Rusko.
Calanidae
Calanidae is the large family of copepods. It includes the genus Calanus, which may be the most abundant animal genus on Earth.

Copepods of the genera Calanus and Neocalanus are ecologically important in the Arctic and subarctic regions of the world's oceans.

Copepod
Copepods (/ˈkoʊpəpɒd/; meaning 'oar-feet') are a group of small crustaceans found in nearly every freshwater and saltwater habitat. Some species are planktonic (living in the water column), some are benthic (living on the sediments), several species have parasitic phases, and some continental species may live in limnoterrestrial habitats and other wet terrestrial places, such as swamps, under leaf fall in wet forests, bogs, springs, ephemeral ponds, puddles, damp moss, or water-filled recesses of plants (phytotelmata) such as bromeliads and pitcher plants. Many live underground in marine and freshwater caves, sinkholes, or stream beds. Copepods are sometimes used as biodiversity indicators.
Jism (2003 film)
Jism (transl. Body) is a 2003 Indian Hindi-language erotic thriller film directed and edited by Amit Saxena, written by Mahesh Bhatt, produced by Pooja Bhatt and Sujit Kumar Singh under the banner Fish Eye Network [P] Ltd and Shreya Creations, which starred Bipasha Basu in the lead alongside John Abraham in his film debut. The music for the film was scored by M. M. Kreem.

The film is inspired by Body Heat (1981) by Lawrence Kasdan which was based on Billy Wilder's 1944 film Double Indemnity, an adaptation of James M. Cain's novel of the same name.

Double Indemnity
Double Indemnity is a 1944 American film noir directed by Billy Wilder and produced by Buddy DeSylva and Joseph Sistrom. Wilder and Raymond Chandler adapted the screenplay from James M. Cain's novel of the same name, which ran as an eight-part serial in Liberty magazine in 1936.

The film stars an insurance salesman Walter Neff (Fred MacMurray), who plots with a woman (Barbara Stanwyck) to kill her husband in order to claim a life insurance payment, arousing the suspicion of claims manager Barton Keyes (Edward G. Robinson). The title refers to a "double indemnity" clause which doubles life insurance payouts when death occurs in a statistically rare manner.

The film was nominated for seven Academy Awards. Widely regarded as a classic, Double Indemnity is often cited as having set the standard for film noir and as one of the greatest films of all time.
Little Friend (film)
Little Friend is a 1934 British drama film directed by Berthold Viertel and starring Matheson Lang, Nova Pilbeam and Lydia Sherwood.  The film was based on a novel by Ernst Lothar and adapted for the screen by Margaret Kennedy and Christopher Isherwood. The score is by the Austrian composer then in exile Ernst Toch.

Matheson Lang
Matheson Alexander Lang (May 15, 1879 – April 11, 1948) was a Canadian-born stage and film actor and playwright. He is best remembered for his theatrical performances in Great Britain in Shakespeare plays.
Edene Gebbie
Edene Gebbie (born 6 May 1995) is a Papua New Guinean professional rugby league footballer who plays as a fullback and winger for  Doncaster RLFC in the Championship and Papua New Guinea at international level.

He previously played for Whitehaven in the Championship and Townsville Blackhawks, Wynnum Manly Seagulls  and PNG Hunters  in the Qld Cup.

Whitehaven R.L.F.C.
Whitehaven R.L.F.C. is a professional rugby league club, from Whitehaven, Cumbria. They currently play in League One following relegation from the Championship in 2024. They currently play their games at the Recreation Ground (known locally as the Recre).

Their nicknames are 'Haven' or the 'Marras' (a local dialect word for 'mates'). Their mascot is a lion called "Pride". Between 1997 and 2003 they were known as Whitehaven Warriors.

Their local rivals are Workington Town.
Vicente González Moreno
Vicente González Moreno (9 December 1778, Cádiz – 6 September 1839) was a Spanish general who supported the Carlists during the First Carlist War.  He was appointed commander of Carlist forces after the death of Zumalacárregui.

As a cadet, he participated in the Spanish War of Independence, achieving the rank of brigadier.  He declared himself in support of the Carlist uprising in 1832.  He was imprisoned but managed to escape to Portugal and join the retinue of Don Carlos, with whom he traveled to England.  He returned to Spain in 1835.

He lost the Battle of Mendigorria in 1835.

An enemy of Rafael Maroto, he opposed the so-called Convenio de Vergara, the agreement that ended the First Carlist War.  He fled to France but was assassinated by Carlist soldiers at Urdax on 6 September 1839.

Tomás de Zumalacárregui
Tomás de Zumalacárregui e Imaz (Basque: Tomas Zumalakarregi Imatz; 29 December 1788 – 24 June 1835), known among his troops as "Uncle Tomás", was a Spanish Basque officer who led the Carlist faction as Captain general of the Army during the First Carlist War. He was occasionally nicknamed the "Wolf of the Amezcoas", making reference to his famous military victory in the region of Navarre.

Zumalacárregui is popularly credited as the inventor of the Spanish omelette (or tortilla de patatas), which he may have elaborated during the Siege of Bilbao.
Yang Guangyuan
Yang Guangyuan (Chinese: 楊光遠; died January 21, 945), né Atan (阿檀), later known as Yang Tang (楊檀) before changing his name to Guangyuan, courtesy name Deming (德明), formally the Prince of Qi (齊王), was a general of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period Later Tang (and Later Tang's predecessor state Jin) and the Later Jinstates. He rebelled against Later Jin in 944, believing that he would prevail with aid from the Khitan Liao dynasty, but after the Liao aid forces were repelled by Later Jin forces, his son Yang Chengxun (楊承勳) put him under arrest and surrendered. He was subsequently killed by soldiers sent by the Later Jin general Li Shouzhen.

Later Tang
Tang, known in historiography as the Later Tang (Chinese: 後唐; pinyin: Hòu Táng), was a short-lived imperial dynasty of China and the second of the Five Dynasties during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period in Chinese history.

With the exception of its final ruler, the Later Tang was ruled by ethnically Shatuo Turk (沙陀) emperors. The name Tang was used to legitimize itself as the restorer of the Tang dynasty.  The official start of the Later Tang dynasty is in the year 923.
New Guinean quoll
The New Guinean quoll (Dasyurus albopunctatus), also known as the New Guinea quoll or New Guinea native cat, is a carnivorous marsupial mammal native to New Guinea. It is the second-largest surviving marsupial carnivore of New Guinea. It is known as suatg in the Kalam language of Papua New Guinea.

Carnivore
A carnivore /ˈkɑːrnɪvɔːr/, or meat-eater (Latin, caro, genitive carnis, meaning meat or flesh and vorare meaning "to devour"), is an animal or plant whose nutrition and energy requirements are met by consumption of animal tissues (mainly muscle, fat and other soft tissues) as food, whether through predation or scavenging.
Laoshan Mountain Bike Course
The Laoshan Mountain Bike Course (simplified Chinese: 老山山地自行车场; traditional Chinese: 老山山地自行車場; pinyin: Lǎoshān Shāndì Zìxíngchē Chǎng) is a mountain bike cycling venue located in western Beijing, China adjacent to the Laoshan Velodrome. It began its renovation and expansion program in May 2006.

The course hosted the mountain bike competitions of the 2008 Summer Olympics.

The project involves a competition course of 4.6 kilometres in circumference, a fixed building with a floor space of 8,275 square metres, a temporary spectator stand that seats 2,000 and other temporary facilities for competitions.

The project was completed in the second half of 2007 and became a training base for the Chinese cycling team. It was also opened to the public after the 2008 Games.

Laoshan Velodrome
The Laoshan Velodrome (Chinese: 老山自行车馆; pinyin: Lǎoshān Zìxíngchēguǎn) is a velodrome that is located in Laoshan, Shijingshan District, Beijing, China. It was built for the 2008 Summer Olympics. The venue was tested during the UCI Track World Cup in December 2007.

The velodrome hosted track cycling disciplines during the Olympics. It has a capacity of 6,000 spectators, a 250-metre oval shaped track, and a total land surface of 32,920 square metres.

The Laoshan Velodrome will be used for international and national cycling competitions and training after the Olympic Games. The seating capacity may be reduced to 3,500.

The velodrome was designed by Schuermann Architects, designers of the ADT Event Center in Carson, CA and the UCI Cycling Center in Aigle, Switzerland.
Andrea Lanzano
Andrea Lanzano (1651 in Milan – 1709) was an Italian painter of the late Baroque period.

He was initially trained in Milan under Luigi Scaramuccia, then traveled to Rome to work under Carlo Maratta. He became a follower of Giovanni Lanfranco. He was commissioned to help paint ceiling of the entry staircase of the palace of Hans-Adam I, Prince of Liechtenstein in Vienna. He was knighted by the emperor of the Austrian Empire.

Carlo Maratta
Carlo Maratta or Maratti (18 May 1625 – 15 December 1713) was an Italian Baroque painter and draughtsman, active principally in Rome where he was the leading painter in the second half of the 17th century. He was a fresco and canvas painter who painted in a wide range of genres, including history and portrait painting. He is the leading representative of the classicizing style in the Italian Late Baroque.  He worked for prominent clients in Rome, including various popes.
Legatissimo
Legatissimo (foaled 22 April 2012) is a British-bred Irish-trained Thoroughbred racehorse. After showing some promise as a juvenile, she showed marked improvement in the spring of 2015 and recorded her first major success in the 1000 Guineas. On her next appearance she was narrowly beaten when favourite for The Oaks. After another narrow defeat in the Pretty Polly Stakes she returned to top form to win the Nassau Stakes and the Matron Stakes

Nassau Stakes
The Nassau Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to fillies and mares aged three years or older. It is run at Goodwood over a distance of 1 mile, 1 furlong and 197 yards (1,991 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in late July or early August.
Jaume Roures
Jaume Roures Llop  (born 8 September 1950) is a Spanish businessman, film producer and media mogul from Catalonia. Roures is best known as the founder of the newspaper Público and as the CEO of the media group Mediapro. Considered a left-wing nationalist, he was a member of Trotskyist and Anti-Francoist organizations in his youth.

Left-wing nationalism
Left-wing nationalism or leftist nationalism (in certain contexts also called popular nationalism by those who do not adhere to the left-right plane, or in contrast to conservative nationalism) is a form of nationalism  which is based upon national self-determination, popular sovereignty, and left-wing political positions such as social equality. Left-wing nationalism can also include anti-imperialism and national liberation movements. Left-wing nationalism often stands in contrast to right-wing politics and right-wing nationalism.
Arcee
Arcee is a robot character in the Transformers franchise, an Autobot usually pink or blue in color. She has made more appearances and has had several more incarnations than any other female Transformer. Arcee's design, alternate mode, and personality vary depending on continuity.

Decepticon
The Decepticons are a fictional faction of sentient robots in the Transformers multimedia franchise. Serving as the main antagonists in the franchise, their goals include conquering their fictional homeworld planet Cybertron, defeating the Autobots, and achieving universal domination.
Prelude, Op. 28, No. 16 (Chopin)
The Prelude Op. 28, No. 16, the "Hades" prelude, by Frédéric Chopin, is considered by many to be the most difficult of the Chopin preludes. Hans von Bülow dubbed this prelude "Hades." It was composed between 1836 and 1839, published in 1839 and dedicated to Camille Pleyel who commissioned the opus 28 preludes for 2,000 francs.

Written in B♭ minor, the prelude opens with six heavily accented chords before progressing to an impromptu-like passage in the right hand.  While the right hand must cover some four to six pages (depending on the edition) of sixteenth notes in around a minute at a presto con fuoco tempo, most pianists find the prime difficulty of the prelude to be the rapid follow-through motion of the three-note left-hand chord groups.

Preludes (Chopin)
Frédéric Chopin wrote a number of preludes for piano solo. His collection of 24 Preludes, Op. 28, covers all major and minor keys. In addition, Chopin wrote three other preludes: a prelude in C♯ minor, Op. 45; a piece in A♭ major from 1834; and an unfinished piece in E♭ minor. These are sometimes referred to as Nos. 25, 26, and 27, respectively.
Daniel Khalife
Daniel Abed Khalife (born 27 September 2001) is a former British Army network engineer and soldier. It is alleged that in January 2022 he left a fake explosive device on his desk, illegally accessed personal information about British soldiers, and shared that information and other classified documents with contacts in Iran. He was arrested on suspicion of breaching the Official Secrets Act and was bailed pending charges. In January 2023 he fled before being recaptured and held on remand. He was discharged from the army in May 2023.

On 6 September 2023 Khalife escaped from HM Prison Wandsworth in London and attempted to reconnect with an Iranian contact. A nationwide police search and delays at major transport hubs followed. After three days as a fugitive he was captured by the Metropolitan Police near Northolt in Middlesex and was found guilty of spying for Iran in November 2024.

Northolt
Northolt is a town in West London, England, spread across both sides of the A40 trunk road. It is 11 mi (17.7 km) west-northwest of Charing Cross and is one of the seven major towns that make up the London Borough of Ealing. It had a population of 30,304 at the 2011 UK census.
Johann Hauser
Johann Hauser (1926 – 1996) was an Austrian outsider artist.

Born an orphan in today's Slovak Republic, he was placed in a home for mentally handicapped children. In 1942 he was committed for the first time. In 1949 he was transferred to Gugging, where he worked with Dr. Leo Navratil. With the doctor's encouragement he created many drawings and prints and become one of the most well known artists of the 'House of Artists'.

Gugging
The Maria Gugging Psychiatric Clinic was a psychiatric institution located in the suburb of Maria Gugging on the outskirts of Vienna, Austria. During the Nazi era hundreds of mental patients were murdered or abused at Gugging as part of the Nazi Aktion T4 program.

In the post-war era, several of its patients became known for their Outsider Art and are referred to as the Gugging Artists. Today, several artists live in a dedicated art center at the former clinic site, known as the Art Brut Center Gugging (or just Gugging). There you can visit the Gugging Museum, which is dedicated to Gugging Artists and international art brut. Visitors can also buy art at the Gugging Gallery.
A Day in Copenhagen
A Day in Copenhagen is an album by saxophonist Dexter Gordon with trombonist Slide Hampton recorded in Copenhagen in 1969 which was originally released on the MPS label in Europe and re-released on the Prestige label in the US.

Slide Hampton
Locksley Wellington Hampton (April 21, 1932 – November 18, 2021) was an American jazz trombonist, composer and arranger. As his nickname implies, Hampton's main instrument was slide trombone, but he also occasionally played tuba and flugelhorn.
Formosa Air Battle
The Formosa Air Battle (Japanese: 台湾沖航空戦, lit. 'Battle of the Taiwan Sea', Chinese: 臺灣空戰), 12–16 October 1944, was a series of large-scale aerial engagements between carrier air groups of the United States Navy Fast Carrier Task Force (TF 38) and Japanese land-based air forces of the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) and Imperial Japanese Army (IJA). The battle consisted of American air raids against Japanese military installations on Taiwan (then known to Westerners as Formosa) during the day and Japanese air attacks at night against American ships. Japanese losses exceeded 300 planes destroyed in the air, while American losses amounted to fewer than 100 aircraft destroyed and two cruisers damaged. This outcome effectively deprived the Japanese Navy's Combined Fleet of air cover for future operations, which proved decisive during the Battle of Leyte Gulf later in October.

Combined Fleet
The Combined Fleet (聯合艦隊, Rengō Kantai) was the main sea-going component of the Imperial Japanese Navy. Until 1933, the Combined Fleet was not a permanent organization, but a temporary force formed for the duration of a conflict or major naval maneuvers from various units normally under separate commands in peacetime.
Jackie Searle
Jacqueline Ann "Jackie" Searle (born 26 September 1960) is a British Anglican retired bishop. From 2018 until 2025, she served as the Bishop of Crediton, a suffragan bishop of the Diocese of Exeter. She had previously been the Archdeacon of Gloucester between 2012 and 2018.

Diocese of Exeter
The Diocese of Exeter is a Church of England diocese covering the county of Devon. It is one of the largest dioceses in England.  The Cathedral Church of St Peter in Exeter is the seat of the diocesan Bishop of Exeter. It is part of the Province of Canterbury. The diocesan bishop (Mike Harrison) is assisted by two suffragan bishops, the Bishop of Crediton and the Bishop of Plymouth. The See of Crediton was created in 1897 and the See of Plymouth in 1923.
Military Division of the James
The Military Division of the James was an administrative division or formation of the United States Army which existed for ten weeks at the end of the American Civil War. This military division controlled military operations between April 19, 1865, and June 27, 1865, in parts of Virginia and North Carolina under control of two main Union armies, the Army of the Potomac and the Army of the James.

Due to the surrender of the main Confederate armies in these areas of Virginia and North Carolina on April 9, 1865, and April 18, 1865, and the collapse of Confederate civilian authority, the Military Division of the James and its constituent military departments and military districts were responsible for maintaining order and keeping the peace in the areas of States under its control until civilian government in those States as members of the Union could be restored. A few small military actions occurred in North Carolina during the existence of this military division.

Army of the James
The Army of the James was a Union Army that was composed of units from the Department of Virginia and North Carolina and served along the James River during the final operations of the American Civil War in Virginia.
Gunah (TV series)
Gunah is a Pakistani television miniseries directed by Adnan Sarwar, and first aired on Express Entertainment on 15 June 2023. It stars Saba Qamar, Sarmad Khoosat, Rabia Butt and Juggan Kazim. The plot revolves around the events that unfold when Malik Hayat Khan's wife goes missing. It aired on Express Entertainment, from 15 June to 20 July 2023.

A prequel of the series Inspector Sabiha was aired on the same network from May 2024 to June 2024.

Juggan Kazim
Syeda Mehrbano Kazim (Urdu: سیدہ مہر بانو کاظم), known by the stage name Juggun "Jay" Kazim (Urdu: جگن کاظم), is a Pakistani Canadian actress, television host, and YouTube personality. She has worked in numerous Pakistani and Canadian films. She is the brand ambassador for Garnier Fructis Pakistan.

Juggan Kazim was awarded the Tamgha-e-Imtiaz by the Government of Pakistan for her contributions to the media industry at the Presidential Awards ceremony on 23 March 2024.