hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Four-gradient
In differential geometry, the four-gradient (or 4-gradient)  is the four-vector analogue of the gradient  from vector calculus.

In special relativity and in quantum mechanics, the four-gradient is used to define the properties and relations between the various physical four-vectors and tensors.

Special relativity
In physics, the special theory of relativity, or special relativity for short, is a scientific theory of the relationship between space and time. In Albert Einstein's 1905 paper, 
"On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies", the theory is presented as being based on just two postulates:

The laws of physics are invariant (identical) in all inertial frames of reference (that is, frames of reference with no acceleration). This is known as the principle of relativity.

The speed of light in vacuum is the same for all observers, regardless of the motion of light source or observer. This is known as the principle of light constancy, or the principle of light speed invariance.

The first postulate was first formulated by Galileo Galilei (see Galilean invariance).
2021 Emperor's Cup
The 2021 Emperor's Cup (Emperor's Cup JFA 101st Japan Football Championship (Japanese: 天皇杯 JFA 第101回全日本サッカー選手権大会)) was the 101st annual Japanese national football cup tournament, which began on 22 May 2021 and ended with the final on 19 December that year.

Following the compressed format of the 2020 tournament, the 2021 Emperor's Cup was restored to its usual format, featuring 90 teams representing prefectural football associations as well as the J1 and J2 Leagues. Verspah Oita was also awarded a seeded entry as the JFA's annually designated amateur club.

Kawasaki Frontale were the defending champions. They were eliminated by Oita Trinita in the semi-finals. Urawa Red Diamonds won their eighth title and qualified for the 2022 AFC Champions League group stage.

Urawa Red Diamonds
The Urawa Red Diamonds (浦和レッドダイヤモンズ, Urawa Reddo Daiyamonzu) or simply Urawa Reds (浦和レッズ, Urawa Rezzu), also known as Mitsubishi Urawa Football Club from April 1992 to January 1996, are a professional football club in the city of Saitama, part of the Greater Tokyo Area in Japan, who play in the J1 League, the top tier of Japanese football. The Reds are one of the most successful clubs in the country, having won three AFC Champions League titles (most recently in 2022) and various domestic titles including a joint-record eight Emperor's Cups, as well as participating at three FIFA Club World Cups.

The club's name comes from the former city of Urawa, now part of Saitama, and pre-professional era parent company Mitsubishi, whose logo consists of three red diamonds, one of which remains within the current club badge.
Nirbaak
Nirbaak (transl. Speechless) is an Indian Bengali-language drama film directed by Srijit Mukherji, starring Sushmita Sen, Jisshu Sengupta, Ritwick Chakraborty and Anjan Dutt. This is the first Bengali film for Sushmita Sen. The film was released in Kolkata on 1 May 2015 and 15 May 2015 across rest of India.

Ritwick Chakraborty
Ritwick Chakraborty is an Indian film actor who predominantly works in Bengali cinema. He made his debut with Pagal Premi in 2007. He has been a recipient of several West Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards, Filmfare Awards East and Filmfare Awards Bangla in both Best Actor and Best Actor (Critics') categories.
1994 FIFA World Cup qualification – CAF second round
This page provides the summaries of the CAF second round matches for the 1994 FIFA World Cup qualification. The nine qualifiers (the nine group winners from the first round) were split into three groups of three. Teams in each group played a home-and-away round-robin, with the three groups winners advancing to the World Cup finals.

1994 FIFA World Cup qualification – CAF first round
Listed below are the dates and results for the first round for the African zone (CAF) of the 1994 FIFA World Cup qualification tournament.  For an overview of the entire African zone, see the article 1994 FIFA World Cup qualification (CAF).  For an overview of the qualification rounds in their entirety, see the article 1994 FIFA World Cup qualification.

A total of 40 CAF teams entered the competition. However, Burkina Faso, Gambia, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, São Tomé and Príncipe, Sierra Leone and Sudan all withdrew before the draw was made. The Liberian team withdrew during qualification due to financial hardship during the First Liberian Civil War and Libya withdrew due to UN sanctions.

The African zone was allocated 3 places (out of 24) in the final tournament.

For the first round of play, the zone's 36 remaining teams were divided into 9 groups of 4 teams each.  The teams would play against each other on a home-and-away basis, with the group winners advancing to the final round.
Cate Reese
Catherine Reese (born November 5, 1999) is an American professional basketball player for Kangoeroes Mechelen of the Belgian Women's Basketball League. She played college basketball for the Arizona Wildcats. A four-time All-Pac-12 selection, Reese helped the Wildcats advance to the national championship game as a junior and win the Women's National Invitational Tournament as a freshman. She attended Cypress Woods High School in Cypress, Texas, where she was rated a five-star recruit by ESPN and named a McDonald's All-American, and joined Arizona as the highest-rated recruit in program history.

Kangoeroes Basket Mechelen
Kangoeroes Basket Mechelen, also known as Kangoeroes or Kangoeroes Mechelen, is a professional basketball club based in Mechelen, Belgium. Founded in 2009, the club plays in the BNXT League. Kangoeroes have been playing in the top tier division in Belgium for 13 years, since 2013.

Previously, the team played in Boom and Willebroek. In 2018, the club moved to Mechelen.
Someday Soon (Natalie Bassingthwaighte song)
"Someday Soon" is a song recorded by Australian singer and actress Natalie Bassingthwaighte. It was written by Bassingthwaighte, Alex Smith and Paul Barry, and produced by Smith and Brian Rawling. The song was released on 8 December 2008 as the second single from Bassingthwaighte's debut solo album 1000 Stars. Lyrically, "Someday Soon" is "an inspirational anthem about believing that anything is possible". Upon its release, the song peaked at number seven on the ARIA Singles Chart and was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association for sales exceeding 70,000 copies.

Paul Barry (songwriter)
Paul Michael Barry (born 1962) is a British songwriter and musician.  He has written or co-written a number of well known songs, including "Believe" by Cher, "Hero" and "Bailamos" by Enrique Iglesias and the five-times platinum U.S. single "Let It Go" by James Bay.  He has won three Ivor Novello Awards and ASCAP PRS writer of the year 2000.  He has also achieved three US number-one singles, as well as other number-ones around the world.

His songs have been recorded by many other artists including Lionel Richie, James Morrison, Celine Dion, Ricky Martin, Lemar, Craig David, Tina Turner, Britney Spears, Rod Stewart, Lara Fabian, Ronan Keating, Esmee Denters, JLS, Rebecca Ferguson, the Vamps, Nelly Furtado, Beverley Knight, Mica Paris, Andrew Roachford and Tom Walker, among others.
Russell Dingwall
Russell Dingwall (born 26 June 1997) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Scottish League Two club Elgin City. Dingwall has also previously played for Ross County as well as Forfar Athletic and Stenhousemuir on loan.

Ross County F.C.
Ross County Football Club is a professional football club based in Dingwall, Scotland. The club currently play in the Scottish Championship, being relegated after losing the Scottish Premiership play-offs in the 2024–25 season.

Prior to the 1994–95 season Ross County played in the Highland Football League, a competition they won three times. They have also won the Scottish First Division, Scottish Championship, Second Division, Third Division (once each) and the Challenge Cup on three occasions. In 2010, they reached the Scottish Cup Final, and in 2016 they won the Scottish League Cup. The club's nickname is The Staggies, and its colours are dark blue, red and white.
Capture of Trabzon (1918)
The Capture of Trabzon refers to the military operation carried out by the reorganized Ottoman Third Army, under the command of Wehip Pasha, which resulted in the seizure of Trabzon from Russian control on February 24, 1918, during World War I.

Trebizond Campaign
The Trebizond Campaign, also known as the Battle of Trebizond, was a series of successful Russian naval and land operations that resulted in the capture of Trabzon. It was the logical step after the Erzerum Campaign. Operations began on February 5 and concluded when the Ottoman troops abandoned Trabzon on the night of April 15, 1916.
Katri Lindeqvist
Katri Lindeqvist (born 5 September 1980) is a Finnish orienteering competitor and world champion.

She received a gold medal in the relay at the 2008 World Orienteering Championships in Olomouc, together with Merja Rantanen and Minna Kauppi.

She participated on the Finnish team (with Merja Rantanen and Minna Kauppi) that achieved a bronze medal in the championship relay at the 2008 European Orienteering Championships in Ventspils.

Minna Kauppi
Minna Kauppi (born 25 November 1982) is a Finnish orienteer, who was born in Asikkala and lives in Lahti.  Kauppi is a nine-time World Champion, including five golds from relays. Kauppi is the most successful Finnish orienteer of all time when ranked by number of gold medals at the World Orienteering Championships. Kauppi was named Finnish Sports Personality of the Year in 2010.
Laura Byrne
Laura Byrne (born 26 March 1986) is an Australian radio host, business owner, podcaster and writer who was the winner of the fifth season of Network 10's The Bachelor Australia. She currently hosts the drive radio show The Pick Up on the KIIS Network alongside Brittany Hockley, and also co-hosts the Life Uncut Podcast with Hockley. Byrne is also the Founder and Designer of Australian Jewellery label ToniMay.

The Bachelor (Australian TV series)
The Bachelor Australia is a reality television adaptation of the American series of the same name. The series, hosted by Osher Günsberg, first premiered on Network 10 on 8 September 2013. Its success resulted in spin-offs The Bachelorette Australia and Bachelor in Paradise Australia.

It was announced in November 2015 that unlike seasons 1–3 which were produced by Shine Australia, seasons 4–present would be produced by Warner Bros. International Television Production.

In May 2023, it was announced that season 11 would commence filming in Melbourne in July 2023 and in November 2023, it was announced that it would premiere on 3 December 2023. In May 2024, Ten announced the series was cancelled.
Plan B (musician)
Benjamin Paul Ballance-Drew, better known by his stage name Plan B, is an English rapper, singer, songwriter, actor and filmmaker. He first emerged as a rapper, releasing his debut album, Who Needs Actions When You Got Words, in 2006. His second studio album, The Defamation of Strickland Banks (2010), was a soul and R&B album, and debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart. He has also collaborated with other artists such as Chase & Status, most notably on the 2009 top ten single "End Credits".

Drew has also had a successful film career as an actor, with roles in Adulthood (2008), Harry Brown (2009), 4.3.2.1. (2010) and The Sweeney (2012). In 2012, he released the film Ill Manors, which he wrote and directed. He also made the music, and released a Plan B soundtrack album, which became his second number-one album.

4.3.2.1.
4.3.2.1. (which stands for "4 girls, 3 days, 2 cities, 1 chance") is a 2010 British crime thriller film directed by Noel Clarke and Mark Davis, written by Clarke and starring Emma Roberts, Tamsin Egerton, Ophelia Lovibond, Shanika-Warren Markland, Mandy Patinkin, Helen McCrory, Kevin Smith, Susannah Fielding, Camille Coduri and Clarke. 4.3.2.1. follows four spirited young women who get caught up with a diamond theft heist.

Clarke wrote 4.3.2.1. with the intention of making a more mainstream film compared to his previous work, Kidulthood, Adulthood, and West 10 LDN—which were gritty crime drama films set in West London. 4.3.2.1 was released in the United Kingdom on 2 June 2010. The film received generally negative reviews.
Cyclone Phyan
Cyclonic Storm Phyan developed as a tropical disturbance to the southwest of Colombo in Sri Lanka on November 4, 2009. Over the next couple of days, the disturbance gradually developed before weakening as it made landfall on Southern India on November 7. After the disturbance emerged into the Arabian Sea, it rapidly became more of a concern to the India Meteorological Department (IMD) reporting early on November 9 that the disturbance had intensified into a Depression, and designated it as Depression ARB 03 whilst the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert. Later that day, the JTWC designated the system as Cyclone 04A. During the next day, the Depression turned towards the northeast the IMD reported that it had intensified into a Cyclonic Storm and named it as Phyan.

Joint Typhoon Warning Center
The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) is a joint United States Navy – United States Air Force command in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. The JTWC is responsible for the issuing of tropical cyclone warnings in the North-West Pacific Ocean, South Pacific Ocean, and Indian Ocean for all branches of the U.S. Department of Defense and other U.S. government agencies. Their warnings are intended primarily for the protection of U.S. military ships and aircraft, as well as military installations jointly operated with other countries around the world. Its U.S. Navy components are aligned with the Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command.
Paul Black (educational researcher)
Paul J. Black OBE CPhys HonFInstP is a British educational researcher, physicist and a current Professor Emeritus at King's College London. Black was previously Professor of Science Education and Director of the Centre for Science and Mathematics Education at the Chelsea College of Science and Technology and Head for Educational Studies at King's College London. He is a former Chair for the Task Group on Assessment and Testing and Deputy Chair of the National Curriculum Council, and is recognised as an architect of the national curriculum testing regime and the national curriculum for Science.

Chelsea College of Science and Technology
Chelsea College of Science and Technology was established as a College of Advanced Technology on a single site on the corner of Manresa Road and King's Road, Chelsea, London SW3, as part of the University of London in 1966. In 1969 it expanded into new premises on Hortensia Road Chelsea to house the Departments of Zoology and Botany and accommodate M.Sc courses in applied biology.   It was granted its royal charter in 1971 at which time it was renamed Chelsea College. In 1985, it merged with King's College London.
Rayman: Hoodlums' Revenge
Rayman: Hoodlums' Revenge, (French: Rayman: La Revanche des Hoodlums) is a platform game developed by Digital Eclipse and published by Ubisoft for the Game Boy Advance in 2005. It was the first Rayman game to be a isometric platformer and was set after Rayman 3: Hoodlum Havoc.

Ubisoft
Ubisoft Entertainment SA (/ˈjuːbisɒft/; French: [ybisɔft]; formerly Ubi Soft Entertainment SA) is a French video game publisher headquartered in Saint-Mandé with development studios across the world. Its video game franchises include Anno, Assassin's Creed, Driver, Far Cry, Just Dance, Prince of Persia, Rabbids, Rayman, Tom Clancy's, and Watch Dogs.

Ubisoft is led by chairman and CEO Yves Guillemot. The company first achieved commercial and critical success with their 1995 platform game Rayman. In 1996, the company began to expand to other parts of the world, opening studios in Shanghai, Montreal and Milan. In recent years, Ubisoft has struggled financially, reporting a strong decline in revenue in 2024 and laying off 700 employees in 2025.
Fūma no Kojirō
Fūma no Kojirō (風魔の小次郎; 'Kojiro of the Fuma Clan') is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Masami Kurumada. It was published in Weekly Shōnen Jump from January 1982 to November 1983. It tells the story of sword legends and rivalry between ninja clans. The main character Kojiro is a young boy who is a member of the Fuma clan.

The series was adapted into an original video animation (OVA) series released between June 1989 and December 1990, plus an additional episode released in November 1992.

A sequel entitled Yagyū Ansatsuchō (柳生暗殺帖; 'Yagyu's Murder Book'), written and illustrated by Satoshi Yuri, was published in Akita Shoten's Champion Red between 2003 and 2006.

In October 2007, a live-action television drama adaptation began airing on Tokyo MX, starring Ryouta Murai in the lead role of Kojiro.

Champion Red
Champion Red (チャンピオンRED（レッド）, Chanpion Reddo) is a monthly Japanese seinen manga magazine published on the 19th of each month by Akita Shoten since August 19, 2002 (cover date October 2002), initially published as a shōnen magazine. Since 2015, the magazine slogan is "High Quality & High End Seinen Comic Magazine!" (ハイクオリティ＆ハイエンド青年コミック誌！, Hai kuoriti to hai endo seinen comikku-shi!).

Champion Red Ichigo (チャンピオンRED（レッド）いちご, Chanpion Reddo Ichigo; lit. "Champion Red Strawberry") was a special manga edition of Champion Red that ceased publication in 2014.
Itihaas (1997 film)
Itihaas (transl. History) is a 1997 Indian Hindi language romantic action thriller film produced and directed by Raj Kanwar. The film stars Ajay Devgn and Twinkle Khanna as the lead protagonists, and Raj Babbar as the antagonist. Amrish Puri, Shakti Kapoor and Mohnish Bahl played supporting roles in the film. The film opened to negative reviews and failed to do well at the box office.

Shakti Kapoor
Shakti Kapoor (born Sunil Kapoor; 3 September 1952) is an Indian actor and comedian who appears in Bollywood films. Known for his villainous and comic roles in Hindi films, he has featured in over 700 films. In the 1980s and 1990s, Kapoor teamed up with actor Asrani and Kader Khan as the comical or evil team in over 100 films. He was a contestant in the Indian reality show Bigg Boss in 2011. He contested in Bigg Boss to prove to his children he can stay away from alcohol.
Beginnings: Greatest Hits & New Songs
Beginnings: Greatest Hits & New Songs is the fifteenth solo studio album by Cilla Black. The project features eleven all-new studio recordings produced by Ted Carfrae alongside nine of Black's own hit singles produced by George Martin. Also included as a hidden track is a club remix of a re-recording of "Step Inside Love", produced by DJ Tommy Sandhu (which had been a No. 3 UK Club Hit).

The album was a minor hit in the UK charts, peaking at No. 68, and staying in the top 75 for one week.

Step Inside Love
For the Mel B song, see Hot (Mel B album).

"Step Inside Love" is a song written by Paul McCartney (credited as "Lennon–McCartney") for Cilla Black in 1967 as a theme for her TV series Cilla, which first aired on 30 January 1968.
Appany
Appany (Russian: Аппаны; Yakut: Аппааны, Appaanı) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Khatyn-Arinsky Rural Okrug of Namsky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia. It is located 5 kilometers (3.1 mi) from Namtsy, the administrative center of the district. Its population as of the 2002 Census was 1,271.

Namtsy
Namtsy (Russian: На́мцы; Yakut: Нам, Nam) is a rural locality (a selo), the administrative center of Namsky District and the only inhabited locality, as well as the administrative center, of Lensky Rural Okrug of Namsky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia. Its population as of the 2010 Census was 8,890, up from 8,249 recorded during the 2002 Census.
Fufu (Tanzanian ward)
Fufu (Tanzanian ward) is an administrative ward in the Dodoma Rural district of the Dodoma Region of Tanzania. In 2016 the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics report there were 3,770 people in the ward, from 3,469 in 2012.

Dodoma Region
Dodoma Region (Mkoa wa Dodoma in Swahili) is one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions. The regional capital is the city of Dodoma, which is also the capital of Tanzania. Dodoma region is located in central Tanzania, bordered by Singida region to the west, Manyara region to the north, Iringa region to the south, and Morogoro region to the east. Dodoma hosts the National Assembly of Tanzania or Bunge. Dodoma region also hosts one of the largest universities in Tanzania, the University of Dodoma. The region is the home of the Tanzanian wine industry, which is the second largest wine industry on the continent after South Africa. According to the 2022 national census, the region had a population of 3,085,625; in the 2012 national census, the population was 2,083,588.
Roser Bastida Areny
Roser Bastida Areny  (born 28 September 1955) is an Andorran politician who served in the General Council from 2009 to 2015, as a member of the Lauredian Union and Democrats for Andorra.

Born in 1955, Arney was educated in Barcelona, Spain, and worked in Andorra's Ministry of Education and Department of Education. Prior to her tenure in the General Council, she was a member of the council of Sant Julià de Lòria.

Democrats for Andorra
Democrats for Andorra (Catalan: Demòcrates per Andorra, DA) is a centre-right, liberal-conservative political party currently in government in Andorra.

The party was established on 22 February 2011 as the direct successor of the Reformist Coalition which ran in the 2009 election. Standing as main the opposition party in the 2011 Andorran parliamentary election, the Democrats for Andorra won 20 of the General Council's 28 seats, the largest majority since the passing of the Andorran Constitution in 1993.

The party was formed from a union of the Liberal Party of Andorra and New Centre, with elements of the Social Democratic Party, and is supported by Lauredian Union and Andorra for Change.

The party was led by Antoni Martí, who served as Prime Minister of Andorra between 2011 and 2019.
Gary Hooker
Gary Ray Hooker (February 10, 1957 – September 2024) was an American basketball player. He played college basketball for the Mississippi State Bulldogs and Murray State Racers. Hooker was selected as the Ohio Valley Conference (OVC) Player of the Year during his only season with the Racers in 1980. He was selected in the fourth round of the 1980 NBA draft by the Seattle SuperSonics and played for the Harlem Globetrotters.

Harlem Globetrotters
The Harlem Globetrotters are an American exhibition basketball team. They combine athleticism, theater, entertainment, and comedy in their style of play. Over the years, the Globetrotters have played more than 26,000 exhibition games in 124 countries and territories, mostly against deliberately ineffective opponents, such as the Washington Generals (1953–1995, 2007–2015, 2017–present) and the New York Nationals (1995–2006). The team's signature song is Brother Bones' whistled version of "Sweet Georgia Brown", and their mascot is an anthropomorphized globe named "Globie". The team is owned by Herschend.
2015 Australian GT Championship
The 2015 Australian GT Championship was an Australian motor racing competition open to FIA GT3 cars and similar approved vehicles. It was sanctioned by the Confederation of Australian Motor Sport (CAMS) as National Championship, with the Australian GT Sportscar Group Pty Ltd appointed by CAMS as the Category Manager.

The GT Championship title, which was the 19th Australian GT Championship, was won by Christopher Mies, driving an Audi R8 Ultra.

Christopher Mies
Christopher Mies (born 24 May 1989) is a professional German racing driver, and Ford Performance factory driver. He was an Audi Sport factory driver for 14 years from 2009 to 2023, competed in GT3 series such as ADAC GT Masters, GT World Challenge Europe, Intercontinental GT Challenge, and Australian GT Championship.