hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Short (Wisconsin politician)
John W. Short (June 29, 1874 – January 29, 1951) was an American farmer and politician.

Born on a farm in the town of Chilton, Calumet County, Wisconsin, Short went to Milwaukee Business College. He was a farmer and lived in the town of Chilton. Short served as Chilton town clerk and was also Chilton Town Board chairman. He also served on the school board as the board clerk. Short served on the Calumet County Board of Supervisors and was chairman of the county board. In 1935, Short served in the Wisconsin State Assembly and was a Democrat. He was defeated for the 1936 Democratic nomination by Henry W. Hupfauf. Short died at St. Elizabeth Hospital in Appleton, Wisconsin and is buried at Saint Augustine Cemetery in Chilton.

Henry W. Hupfauf
Henry W. Hupfauf (August 11, 1885 – October 6, 1946) was an American farmer, businessman, and politician.

Hupfauf was born in the town of Harrison, Calumet County, Wisconsin. He was a farmer and worked for the Menominee River Sugar Company. He operated a tavern and general store in Darboy, Wisconsin and was involved with the dairy and telephone cooperatives. He served as town clerk and school clerk of the school district. In 1937, Hupfauf served in the Wisconsin State Assembly and was a Democrat.
Jamming avoidance response
The jamming avoidance response is a behavior of some species of weakly electric fish. It occurs when two electric fish with wave discharges meet – if their discharge frequencies are very similar, each fish shifts its discharge frequency to increase the difference between the two. By doing this, both fish prevent jamming of their sense of electroreception.

The behavior has been most intensively studied in the South American species Eigenmannia virescens. It is also present in  other Gymnotiformes such as Apteronotus, as well as in the African species Gymnarchus niloticus.  The jamming avoidance response was one of the first complex behavioral responses in a vertebrate to have its neural circuitry completely specified. As such, it holds special significance in the field of neuroethology.

Gymnotiformes
The Gymnotiformes /dʒɪmˈnɒtɪfɔːrmiːz/ are an order of teleost bony fishes commonly known as Neotropical knifefish or South American knifefish. They have long bodies and swim using undulations of their elongated anal fin. Found almost exclusively in fresh water (the only exceptions are species that occasionally may visit brackish water to feed), these mostly nocturnal fish are capable of producing electric fields to detect prey, for navigation, communication, and, in the case of the electric eel (Electrophorus electricus), attack and defense. A few species are familiar to the aquarium trade, such as the black ghost knifefish (Apteronotus albifrons), the glass knifefish (Eigenmannia virescens), and the banded knifefish (Gymnotus carapo).
Pass the Light
Pass the Light is a 2015 American faith based film, directed by Malcolm Goodwin and written by Victor Hawks. The film stars Cameron Palatas, Dalpre Grayer, Alexandria DeBerry, Milena Govich, Colby French, Lawrence Saint-Victor, Jon Gries, and Anne Winters. It was released in the United States by DigiNext Films in a limited release on February 6, 2015.

Colby French
Colby French is an American television actor. He is best known for playing Hank on the NBC television drama Heroes, Yankee on The Suite Life of Zack & Cody, Captain Mike Murphy on 24, Captain Evan Thorn on Last Resort, and Officer Platt on the AMC television legal drama Better Call Saul.
Alla Horska
Alla Oleksandrivna Horska (Ukrainian: Алла Олександрівна Горська; 18 September 1929 – 28 November 1970) was a Ukrainian artist and Soviet dissident who was associated with the Ukrainian underground and Sixtier movements during the 1960s. She was murdered in 1970; the official investigation reported at the time that she had been killed by her father-in-law, though Soviet archives have since revealed evidence suggesting the possible involvement of the KGB.

Vasyl Symonenko
Vasyl Andriiovych Symonenko (Ukrainian: Василь Андрійович Симоненко; 8 January 1935 – 13 December 1963) was a Ukrainian poet, journalist, and activist of the dissident movement. He is considered one of the most important figures in Ukrainian literature of the early 1960s. In the opinion of the Museum of the Dissident Movement in Kyiv, the works and early death of Vasyl Symonenko had an enormous impact on the rise of the national democratic movement in Ukraine.
David May (footballer)
David May (born 24 June 1970) is an English football coach and former professional footballer. As a player, May was a centre-back and right-back from 1988 to 2006. He played in the Premier League for Blackburn Rovers and Manchester United, collecting numerous trophies in a nine-year spell at Old Trafford that included two Premier League titles, two FA Cups and the UEFA Champions League.

May went on to play in the Football League for Huddersfield Town and Burnley before finishing his career with non-League club Bacup Borough.

Bacup Borough F.C.
Bacup Borough Football Club is a football club based in Bacup, Lancashire, England. The club are currently members of the North West Counties League Division One North and play at West View. They are full members of the Lancashire County Football Association.
Stalingrad (1990 film)
Stalingrad (Russian: Сталинград) is a 1990 two-part war film written and directed by Yuri Ozerov, and produced by Quincy Jones and Clarence Avant. Revolving around the eponymous Battle of Stalingrad, the film was a co-production between the Soviet Union and East Germany. It stars an ensemble cast featuring Powers Boothe, Mikhail Ulyanov, Bruno Freindlich, Fernando Allende, Sergei Garmash, Nikolai Kryuchkov, and Ronald Lacey.

Mikhail Ulyanov (actor)
Mikhail Alexandrovich Ulyanov (Russian: Михаил Александрович Ульянов; 20 November 1927 – 26 March 2007) was a Soviet and Russian actor who was one of the most recognized persons of the post-World War II Soviet theatre and cinema. He was named a People's Artist of the USSR in 1969, a Hero of Socialist Labour in 1986, and received a special prize from the Venice Film Festival in 1982.
Nadeem Raza
Nadeem Raza NI(M), HI(M) (Urdu: ندیم رضا) is a retired four-star army general of the Pakistan Army who got commissioned in 10 Sind Regiment in September 1985. He served as the 17th Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee. Raza was previously the Corps Commander of the X Corps (Pakistan) and CGS (Chief of General Staff) and GOC (General Officer Commanding) 9th Infantry Division, Wana and Commandant of the Pakistan Military Academy, Kakul, Abbottabad.

Commandant
Commandant (/ˌkɒmənˈdɑːnt/ or /ˌkɒmənˈdænt/; French: [kɔmɑ̃dɑ̃]) is a title often given to the officer in charge of a military (or other uniformed service) training establishment or academy. This usage is common in English-speaking nations. In some countries it may be a military or police rank. It is also often used to refer to the commander of a military prison or prison camp (including concentration camps and prisoner of war camps).
Virendra Singh Burdak
Virendra Singh Burdak (born 9 February 1968) is an Indian politician. A member of the Indian National Congress, Burdak has been elected to the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly from Dantaramgarh since 2018. During the 2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly elections, Burdak made headlines when his estranged wife, Dr. Rita Singh contested against him from the Danta Ramgarh.

Narayan Singh Burdak
Narayan Singh Burdak (born 13 March 1933) is an Indian politician belonging to the Indian National Congress. He served as Forest Minister in the Government of Rajasthan from 1988 to 1989. He also served as president of the Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee. He was elected to the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly for seven terms representing Danta Ramgarh constituency between 1972 and 2018. His political career spans over more than 45 years.
Marcel Dobler
Marcel René Dobler (/dɒblɛr/, DOUHBLER; born 29 August 1980) is a Swiss businessman and politician. He currently serves as member of the National Council (Switzerland) for The Liberals since 30 November 2015. Dobler is primarily known for founding Digitec Galaxus, Switzerland's largest online retailer. In 2018, Dobler acquired Franz Carl Weber, a retailer for children's toys. Dobler is among the richest Swiss politicians in the legislative estimated by Handelszeitung.

Digitec Galaxus
Digitec Galaxus AG is the biggest online retailer in Switzerland. The company is 70% owned by Migros and operates the Digitec and Galaxus online stores in Switzerland and neighboring EU countries. Galaxus is an online department store with a wide range of products, while Digitec specializes in IT and electronics. The company generated sales of 2.7 billion Swiss francs in 2023.
Eric McManus
Eric McManus (born 14 November 1950) is a Northern Irish retired footballer who played for Coleraine, Coventry City, Notts County, Stoke City, Lincoln City, Bradford City, Middlesbrough, Peterborough United, Tranmere Rovers and Boston United.

Coleraine F.C.
Coleraine Football Club is a professional Northern Irish football club, playing in the NIFL Premiership, the highest level of the Northern Ireland Football League.

The club, founded in 1927 hails from Coleraine, County Londonderry, and plays its home matches at The Showgrounds. Club colours are blue and white. The club won the Irish League title once (in 1973–74) and the Irish Cup on six occasions, most recently in 2017–18. They are also the only Irish League club to have won two successive all-Ireland competitions, lifting the Blaxnit Cup in 1969 and 1970. The club share a rivalry with Ballymena United.
When You Were Young
"When You Were Young" is a song by American rock band the Killers. It was released on September 18, 2006, as the lead single from their second studio album, Sam's Town (2006). The song was written and produced by The Killers and co-produced by Flood and Alan Moulder.

The song has proven to be one of the Killers' most successful singles, peaking at number 14 on the Billboard Hot 100, as well as their first number one on the U.S. Modern Rock Tracks chart. Only "Mr. Brightside" and "Somebody Told Me" would stay longer on the chart and have more pop airplay. It is also their highest-charting single to date in the United Kingdom and Australia, peaking at number two and number 10 respectively.

Somebody Told Me
"Somebody Told Me" is a song by American rock band the Killers. It was released as the second official single from the group's debut studio album Hot Fuss (2004), and was written by band members Brandon Flowers, Mark Stoermer, Dave Keuning and Ronnie Vannucci Jr. In an interview with Rolling Stone, Brandon Flowers said: "This is the story of trying to meet someone in a club." It is written in the key of B-flat minor.

The single peaked at number 51 on the United States Billboard Hot 100. In the United Kingdom, it charted at number 28 upon its first release in March 2004, becoming the band's first hit in the Top 40, it was then re-released in January 2005 and reached number three. In Australia, the song was ranked number four on Triple J's Hottest 100 of 2004. In 2009, it was voted at number nine in XFM's Top 100 Songs of the Decade.
Gametophyte
A gametophyte (/ɡəˈmiːtəfaɪt/) is one of the two alternating multicellular phases in the life cycles of plants and algae. It is a haploid multicellular organism that develops from a haploid spore, that has one set of chromosomes. The gametophyte is the sexual phase in the life cycle of plants and algae. It develops sex organs that produce gametes, haploid sex cells that participate in fertilization to form a diploid zygote, which has a double set of chromosomes. Cell division of the zygote results in a new diploid multicellular organism, the second stage in the life cycle known as the sporophyte. The sporophyte can produce haploid spores by meiosis that on germination produce a new generation of gametophytes.

Zygote
A zygote (/ˈzaɪˌɡoʊt/ ⓘ; from Ancient Greek  ζυγωτός (zygōtós) 'joined, yoked', from  ζυγοῦν (zygoun) 'to join, to yoke') is a eukaryotic cell formed by a fertilization event between two gametes.

The zygote's genome is a combination of the DNA in each gamete, and contains all of the genetic information of a new individual organism.

The sexual fusion of haploid cells is called karyogamy, the result of which is the formation of a diploid cell called the zygote (or zygospore in specific cases).
Shengqiang
Shengqiang (simplified Chinese: 声腔; traditional Chinese: 聲腔; lit. 'vocal tune') is a concept in Chinese opera which helps to categorize its hundreds of regional genres by the music played during arias. Classifying by the music, as opposed to the regional dialect, also helps to understand a genre's evolutionary history. For example, Peking opera and Cantonese opera have little in common as far as language or place of origin, but they belong to the same shengqiang system. Today, the four major shengqiang (四大声腔 pinyin: Sìdà Shēngqiāng) are Bangziqiang, Pihuangqiang, Kunqiang and Gaoqiang (i.e. Yiyangqiang). Not all Chinese opera genres fall into one of these four shengqiang systems, and many genres can be classified into more than one system. Other shengqiang in history include Yuyaoqiang and Haiyanqiang.

Cantonese opera
Cantonese opera is one of the major categories in Chinese opera, originating in southern China's Guangdong Province. It is popular in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hong Kong, Macau and among Chinese communities in Southeast Asia. Like all versions of Chinese opera, it is a traditional Chinese art form, involving music, singing, martial arts, acrobatics, and acting.
Cor de la Bryere
Cor de la Bryère (23 April 1968 – 27 April 2000), nicknamed "Corde", is one of the most influential sires in modern warmblood breeding. He is known as the "Reserve Stallion of the Century", second only to Landgraf I. He stood 16.2 hands (66 inches, 168 cm).

Hand (unit)
The hand is a non-SI unit of measurement of length standardized to 4 in (101.6 mm). It is used to measure the height of horses in many English-speaking countries, including Australia, Canada, Ireland, the United Kingdom, and the United States. It was originally based on the breadth of a human hand.  The adoption of the international inch in 1959 allowed for a standardized imperial form and a metric conversion. It may be abbreviated to "h" or "hh".  Although measurements between whole hands are usually expressed in what appears to be decimal format, the subdivision of the hand is not decimal but is in base 4, so subdivisions after the radix point are in quarters of a hand, which are inches. Thus, 62 inches is fifteen and a half hands, or 15.2 hh (normally said as "fifteen-two", or occasionally in full as "fifteen hands two inches").
Natural Wild
Natural Wild is a reggae album by Jamaican artist Lincoln Thompson and the Rasses released in 1980 and recorded in the United Kingdom. Joe Jackson collaborated on the album whose central theme was the promotion of the culture and morality of the Rastafari movement. Commercially the album was a flop in spite of widespread publicity for it in the UK, in contrast to Thompson's two previous albums.

The Harlow Star called the album "beautiful", noting its features of "strong, hard pulsing bass lines, insistent, probing drumming, lyrical guitar and excellent vocals."

Joe Jackson (musician)
Joe Jackson (born David Ian Jackson; 11 August 1954) is a British musician, singer and songwriter. Having spent years studying music and playing clubs, he found early success with his hit new wave singles "Is She Really Going Out with Him?" and "It's Different for Girls". After he moved to more jazz-inflected pop music, Jackson achieved a worldwide hit with "Steppin' Out". Jackson is associated with the 1980s Second British Invasion of the US. He has also composed classical music. He has recorded 21 studio albums and has received five Grammy Award nominations.
Aliu Mahama Sports Stadium
The Aliu Mahama Sports Stadium, formerly Tamale Sports Stadium, is a multipurpose stadium in Tamale, Ghana, mostly used for football matches as well as a place for hosting events such as entertainment concerts and album shows and serves as the home stadium of Real Tamale United, Tamale City FC, Northern City FC and Steadfast FC.

The stadium was completed in 2008 by the Shanghai Construction Group of China. The stadium looks similar to the Sekondi-Takoradi Stadium. The stadium, which hosted some matches during the 2008 African Cup of Nations, has a capacity of about 20,000.

In December 2017, Tamale Sports Stadium was renamed Aliu Mahama Sports Stadium after the late Alhaji Aliu Mahama, the former Vice-President of Ghana.

Real Tamale United
Real Tamale United, often abbreviated as RTU, is a football club based in Tamale, Northern Region of Ghana. The team was relegated to the second tier Division One League in 2013. In 2021, RTU sealed promotion back to the first tier Ghana Premier League after beating Unity FC 2 - 0 on the last day of the Division One League Season. Their home stadium is 21,000 Seater Capacity Aliu Mahama Sports Stadium in Tamale. They relocated to their current grounds from the Kaladan Park after the 2008 African Cup of Nations.
SMS Bussard
SMS Bussard ("His Majesty's Ship Bussard—Buzzard") was an unprotected cruiser of the Imperial German Navy, built in the 1880s. She was the lead ship of her class, which included five other vessels. The cruiser's keel was laid in 1888, and she was launched in January 1890 and commissioned in October of that year. Intended for overseas duty, Bussard was armed with a main battery of eight 10.5-centimeter (4.1 in) guns, and could steam at a speed of 15.5 knots (28.7 km/h; 17.8 mph).

Bussard served abroad for the majority of her career, first in the East Asia Division in the mid-1890s, and in German East Africa for the first decade of the 20th century. She had a relatively peaceful career; her only major action came while stationed in Asia in 1894. There, she assisted in suppressing a local revolt in Samoa. In 1910, she returned to Germany, where she remained in service for only two more years; she was stricken in October 1912 and scrapped the following year in Hamburg.

German East Africa
German East Africa (GEA; German: Deutsch-Ostafrika DOA) was a German colony in the African Great Lakes region, which included present-day Burundi, Rwanda, the Tanzania mainland, and the Kionga Triangle, a small region later incorporated into Mozambique. GEA's area was 994,996 km2 (384,170 sq mi), which is nearly three times the area of present-day Germany and almost double the area of metropolitan Germany at the time.

The colony was organised when the German military was asked in the late 1880s to put down a revolt against the activities of the German East Africa Company. It ended with Imperial Germany's defeat in World War I. Ultimately the territory was divided amongst Britain, Belgium and Portugal, and was reorganised as a mandate of the League of Nations.
Madhavrao Scindia Cricket Ground
Madhavrao Shindhia Cricket Ground also known as Municipal Corporation Ground or Racecourse Ground is a stadium located in Rajkot, Gujarat, India.

The venue hosted bilateral ODIs between 1980s-2000s, however since the venue's main tenent Saurashtra Cricket Association (SCA) built its own stadium in other part of the Rajkot city, they organise all international cricket allocated them at there.

Saurashtra Cricket Association
Saurashtra Cricket Association is the governing body of the cricket activities in the Saurashtra and Kutch regions of the Gujarat state in India and the Saurashtra cricket team. It is affiliated to the Board of Control for Cricket in India.
Salsabil (horse)
Salsabil (18 January 1987 – October 1996) was an Irish-bred, British-trained Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare. In a racing career which lasted from September 1989 to October 1990 she ran nine times and won seven races. Salsabil was one of the leading two-year-old fillies in Europe in 1989, winning two races including the Group One Prix Marcel Boussac at the Longchamp. After winning the Fred Darling Stakes on her three-year-old debut, Salsabil won both of Britain's Classic races for fillies: the 1000 Guineas over one mile at Newmarket and the Oaks over one and a half miles at Epsom. She was then raced against colts and became the first filly for ninety years to win the Irish Derby at the Curragh. In autumn, Salsabil added a victory in the Prix Vermeille at Longchamp but finished unplaced when favourite for the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe in October. Salsabil was then retired to stud where she had success as a broodmare before dying of cancer in 1996.

Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe
The Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe (French pronunciation: [pʁi də laʁk də tʁijɔ̃f]) is a Group 1 flat horse race in France open to thoroughbreds aged three years or older. It is run at Longchamp Racecourse in Paris over a distance of 2,400 metres (1 mile 4 furlongs). The race is scheduled to take place each year in the autumn, usually on the first Sunday in October.

With prize money of €5 million, the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe, often referred to as the Arc, is Europe's richest flat race. The prize money and prestige of the race attract entries and spectators from across the world. Since 2008 the race has been sponsored by Qatar.
Bijasan Mata Temple, Indragarh
Bijasan Mata Temple is a renowned Hindu temple situated in the town of Indragarh, nestled amidst the scenic landscape of Bundi district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. The temple is dedicated to Bijasan Mata, which is another name of Hindu Goddess Durga. Goddess Durga beheaded the demon named Raktabija, after that she made that demon a seat and sat on it, hence she came to be known by the name Bijasan Mata.

Situated in a cave in the Aravalli mountain range, this temple is said to be more than two thousand years old. Every year millions of devotees from the state, country and abroad come to darshan of the Goddess Bijasan.

Darshan (Indian religions)
In Indian religions, a darshan (Sanskrit: दर्शन, IAST: darśana; lit. 'showing, appearance, view, sight') or darshanam is the auspicious sight of a deity or a holy person.

The term also refers to any one of the six traditional schools of Hindu philosophy and their literature on spirituality and soteriology.
Charles Rycroft
Charles Frederick Rycroft (/ˈraɪkrɒft/; 9 September 1914 – 24 May 1998) was a British psychiatrist and psychoanalyst. He studied medicine at University College London, and worked briefly as a psychiatrist for the Maudsley Hospital. For most of his career he had a private psychiatric practice in London. He was the author of a number of notable books, including A Critical Dictionary of Psychoanalysis (1968), The Innocence of Dreams (1979) and Psychoanalysis and Beyond (1985).

Maudsley Hospital
The Maudsley Hospital is a British psychiatric hospital in south London. The Maudsley is the largest mental health training institution in the UK. It is part of South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, and works in partnership with the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London. The hospital was one of the originating institutions in producing the Maudsley Prescribing Guidelines. It is part of the King's Health Partners academic health science centre and the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health.