hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Khiva
Khiva (Uzbek: Xiva, Хива, خیوه; other names) is a district-level city of approximately 93,000 people in Khorazm Region, Uzbekistan. According to archaeological data, the city was established around 2,500 years ago.

In 1997, Khiva celebrated its 2500th anniversary. It is the former capital of Khwarezmia, the Khanate of Khiva, and the Khorezm People's Soviet Republic. Itchan Kala in Khiva was the first site in Uzbekistan (and in Central Asia) to be inscribed on the World Heritage List (1991). The Iranian astronomer, historian and polymath, Al-Biruni (973–1048 CE) was born in either Khiva or the nearby city of Kath.

Bukhara
Bukhara (/bʊˈxɑːrə/ buu-KHAR-ə) is the seventh-largest city in Uzbekistan by population, with 280,187 residents as of 1 January 2020. It is the capital of Bukhara Region.

The Bukhara region has been inhabited for at least five millennia, and the city has existed for half that time. Located on the Silk Road, the city has long served as a center of trade, scholarship, culture, and religion. Bukhara served as the capital of the Uzbek states such as the Khanate of Bukhara, the Emirate of Bukhara and later the Bukhara People’s Soviet Republic. It was the birthplace of the scholar Imam Bukhari. The city has been known as "Noble Bukhara" (Bukhārā-ye sharīf). Bukhara has about 140 architectural monuments. UNESCO has listed the historic center of Bukhara (which contains numerous mosques and madrasas) as a World Heritage Site.
Strategy and Third-Circle Directorate
The Strategy and Third-Circle Directorate was a Directorate in the General Staff of the Israel Defense Forces, formed in 2020 as part of the then-Chief of Staff Aviv Kohavi five-year development plan and disbanded in 2025 under the Chief of Staff Eyal Zamir.

Eyal Zamir
Eyal Zamir (Hebrew: אייל זמיר; born 26 January 1966) is an Israeli military officer who is the current Chief of the General Staff of the Israel Defense Forces, having taken office on 5 March 2025. Zamir previously served as the Director-General of the Israeli Ministry of Defense (2023–2025), as Deputy Chief of Staff between 2018 and 2021, commander of the Southern Command, Military Secretary to the Prime Minister, commander of the 36th Division and commander of the 7th Armored Brigade.
Β-Amanitin
β-Amanitin (beta-Amanitin) is a cyclic peptide comprising eight amino acids. It is part of a group of toxins called amatoxins, which can be found in several mushrooms belonging to the genus Amanita.  Some examples are the death cap (Amanita phalloides) and members of the destroying angel complex, which includes A. virosa and A. bisporigera.  Due to the presence of α-Amanitin, β-Amanitin, γ-Amanitin and epsilon-Amanitin these mushrooms are highly lethal to human beings.

Α-Amanitin
α-Amanitin (alpha-Amanitin) is a cyclic peptide of eight amino acids. It is possibly the most deadly of all the amatoxins, toxins found in several species of the mushroom genus Amanita, one being the death cap (Amanita phalloides) as well as the destroying angel, a complex of similar species, principally A. virosa and A. bisporigera.  It is also found in the mushrooms Galerina marginata, Lepiota subincarnata and Conocybe rugosa. The oral LD50 of amanitin is 100 μg/kg for rats.

Amatoxins (and phallotoxins) are part of the RiPP class of natural products. The genes encoding the proprotein for α-amanitin belong to the same family as those that encode for phallacidin (a phallotoxin).
Darklands (album)
Darklands is the second studio album by Scottish alternative rock band the Jesus and Mary Chain, released on 31 August 1987 by Blanco y Negro Records. The album is the band's first to use drum machines, replacing live drummer Bobby Gillespie, who had left to pursue a career as the frontman of Scottish rock band Primal Scream. Lead vocals are performed by Jim Reid, with the exception of "Darklands", "Nine Million Rainy Days" and "On the Wall", which are sung by William Reid.

Darklands reached number five on the UK Albums Chart, the band's highest-peaking album on the chart to date. The album was included in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die.

Primal Scream later recorded a cover version of the album's title track as a B-side to their 1998 single "If They Move, Kill 'Em".

Jim Reid
James McLeish Reid (born 29 December 1961) is a Scottish singer, songwriter and the lead singer for the alternative rock band The Jesus and Mary Chain, which he formed with his elder brother and guitarist William Reid in 1983.
Radcliffe wave
The Radcliffe wave is a neighbouring coherent gaseous structure in the Milky Way, dotted with a related high concentration of interconnected stellar nurseries. It stretches about 8,800 light years. This structure runs with the trajectory of the Milky Way arms.

It lies at its closest (the Taurus Molecular Cloud) at around 400 light-years and at its farthest about 5,000 light-years (the Cygnus X star complex) from the Sun, always within the Local Arm (Orion Arm) itself, spanning about 40% of its length and on average 20% of its width. Its discovery was announced in January 2020, and its proximity surprised astronomers.

Orion Arm
The Orion Arm, also known as the Orion–Cygnus Arm, is a minor spiral arm within the Milky Way Galaxy spanning 3,500 light-years (1,100 parsecs) in width and extending roughly 20,000 light-years (6,100 parsecs) in length. This galactic structure encompasses the Solar System, including Earth. It is sometimes referred to by alternate names such as the Local Arm or Orion Bridge, and it was previously identified as the Local Spur or the Orion Spur. It should not be confused with the outer terminus of the Norma Arm, known as the Cygnus Arm.
Eetch
Eetch (Armenian: Էտչ) otherwise known as eech, itch, metch or one of several other variations is a traditional Armenian side dish, salad or spread, similar to tabbouleh. Eetch can be eaten either at room temperature or warm.

Its typical red colour is derived from crushed or pureed tomatoes. Common additional ingredients include onion, parsley, olive oil, lemon, paprika, and bell peppers.

Eetch is colloquially known as mock kheyma due to its characteristics as a vegetarian form of kheyma.

Çiğ köfte
Çiğ köfte (Turkish pronunciation: [tʃiː cœfte]) or chee kofta is a kofta dish that is a regional specialty of southeastern Turkey in Urfa. The dish is served as an appetizer or meze.

Çiğ köfte is common to both Turkish and Armenian cuisine.

Traditionally made with raw meat, there are vegetarian variations made with bulgur, and in Urfa, a local meatless version is made with scrambled eggs. In Şanlıurfa province, locally prepared batches are sold by street vendors.

In 2008, public sales of çiğ köfte with raw meat were banned by the Health Ministry of Turkey due to health hazards, especially taeniasis, thus leaving only plant-based versions in shops and restaurants.
Godrevy
50°14′18″N 5°23′37″W﻿ / ﻿50.23828°N 5.39373°W﻿ / 50.23828; -5.39373

Godrevy (Cornish: Godrevi, meaning small farms) (/ɡəˈdriːvi/ gə-DREE-vee) is an area on the eastern side of St Ives Bay, west Cornwall, England, United Kingdom, which faces the Atlantic Ocean. It is popular with both the surfing community and walkers. It is part owned by the National Trust, and offshore on Godrevy Island is a lighthouse maintained by Trinity House which is said to be the inspiration for Virginia Woolf's novel To the Lighthouse. Godrevy lies within the Cornwall Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) and the South West Coast Path runs around the whole promontory. There are several public car parks on the western side where the National Trust owns and operates a café.

Trinity House
Trinity House, founded by Royal Charter in 1514, is the General lighthouse authority for England, Wales, the Channel Islands, and Gibraltar. It maintains navigational aids such as lightvessels and buoys, as well as communications services and pilotage for ships in the North Sea. These are financed by dues levied on commercial vessels calling at ports in the British Isles.

In addition, Trinity operates a registered charity, which provides welfare services for retired seamen, education, and promoting safety at sea. Funding for this is generated separately.
Owikeno Conservancy
The Owikeno Conservancy is a conservancy in British Columbia, Canada. It preserves the western parts of the north and south coasts of Owikeno Lake in the Central Coast Regional District, as well as the Ashlulm Creek, Inziana River and Reeve Creek bassins on the north coast. It borders the Katit 1 reserve with Rivers Inlet to its west and the Lockhart-Gordon Conservancy to its south, It is approximately 65 kilometres south of Bella Coola.
Established in 2007, the conservancy covers 70,569 hectares of land.

Owikeno Lake
Wuikinuxv Lake, also Owekeeno Lake, Owekano Lake, Oweekayno Lake and other spellings (pron. "o we KEE no"), is a large fjord lake in the Central Coast region of British Columbia, Canada.  It connects to the head of Rivers Inlet by the short Wannock River (Wanukv).  The lake's name comes from the indigenous people of the region, the Wuikinuxv, whose settlements and territory lie around the lake.  Their largest and principal settlement was on an island in the lower reaches of the lake named Katit.

Owikeno Lake is fed by several large rivers, the Tzeo (Ciu), Inziana, Machmell, Sheemahant Rivers.  Feeding the Machmell is the Neechantz River, joining the Machmell just above its mouth into the lake.  The Washwash River similarly joins the Tzeo just above that river's estuary into the lake.
The Prodigal (1983 film)
The Prodigal is a 1983 film directed by James F. Collier. It is a retelling of the story of the prodigal son and stars John Hammond, Hope Lange, John Cullum, Morgan Brittany, Ian Bannen, Joey Travolta, and Arliss Howard.

Ian Bannen
Ian Edmund Bannen (29 June 1928 – 3 November 1999) was a Scottish stage and screen actor. He was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in The Flight of the Phoenix (1965), the first Scots actor to receive the honour. He was also nominated for a BAFTA Award for his performance in Sidney Lumet's The Offence (1973) and John Boorman's Hope and Glory (1987).

On stage, Bannen was an original member of the Royal Shakespeare Company and renowned for his interpretations of William Shakespeare and Eugene O'Neill. He won the 1981 Critics' Circle Theatre Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in Brian Friel's Translations. He received BAFTA Scotland's Lifetime Achievement Award in 1996.
Moondog (1956 album)
Moondog is an album by the American composer and musician Moondog, released by Prestige Records in 1956. Moondog had released the same music on his own label earlier that year as Snaketime Series. Moondog was at the time a young composer in New York City who had attained some recognition. He was signed by Prestige Record, where Moondog became the first of three Moondog albums produced by Bob Weinstock. It contains eclectic works from Moondog's first decade as a composer.

Bob Weinstock
Bob Weinstock (October 2, 1928 – January 14, 2006) was an American record producer best known for his label Prestige Records, established in 1949, which was responsible for many significant jazz recordings during his more than two decades operating the firm.
2024–25 Women's EHF European League group stage
The 2024–25 Women's EHF European League group stage was played between 11 January and 23 February 2025 to determine the eight teams advancing to the knockout stage of the 2024–25 Women's EHF European League.

2024–25 Women's EHF European League
The 2024–25 Women's EHF European League is the 44th edition of EHF's second-tier women's handball competition, running from 5 October 2024 to 4 May 2025.

Storhamar Håndball Elite are the defending champions, but they won't be defending their title due to their involvement in this season's Champions League.

Thüringer HC won the title in a dramatic final against Danish side, Ikast Håndbold. The title marks the German club's first European trophy.
IgM nephropathy
IgM nephropathy or immunoglobulin M nephropathy (IgMN) is a kind of idiopathic glomerulonephritis that is marked by IgM diffuse deposits in the glomerular mesangium. IgM nephropathy was initially documented in 1978 by two separate teams of researchers.

Immunoglobulin M
Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is the largest of several isotypes of antibodies (also known as immunoglobulin) that are produced by vertebrates. IgM is the first antibody to appear in the response to initial exposure to an antigen; causing it to also be called an acute phase antibody. In humans and other mammals that have been studied, plasmablasts in the spleen are the main source of specific IgM production.
Louise O'Reilly
Louise O'Reilly (born 27 September 1973) is an Irish Sinn Féin politician who has been a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Dublin Fingal West constituency since the 2024 general election, and previously for Dublin Fingal from 2016 to 2024.

Dublin Fingal West
Dublin Fingal West is a Dáil constituency represented in Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Irish parliament or Oireachtas, since the 2024 general election. Established through the Electoral (Amendment) Act 2023, the constituency elects three deputies (Teachtaí Dála, commonly known as TDs) on the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV).
Kalavida (1997 film)
Kalavida (transl. Artist) is a 1997 Kannada-language film produced, written, directed and enacted by V. Ravichandran. The rest of the cast includes Heera Rajagopal, Roja, Umashree, Raghuvaran amongst others.

The music was composed by Hamsalekha and was declared a musical hit upon release.

Raghuvaran
Raghuvaran Velayuthan Nair (11 December 1958 – 19 March 2008) was an Indian actor who predominantly acted in films made in South India. He has acted in more than 200 Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Kannada and Hindi films. According to the Hindustan Times, "the actor had carved a niche for himself with his special style and voice modulation."

He played the protagonist of a Tamil soap opera, Oru Manithanin Kathai, about a well-to-do man who becomes an alcoholic. He received critical acclaim for his role as Father Alphonso in the Malayalam movie Daivathinte Vikruthikal, directed by Lenin Rajendran and based on M. Mukundan's novel of the same name.

Raghuvaran's six-song music album, composed and sung by him, were officially released by actor Rajinikanth and the album was received by actress Rohini and Raghuvaran's son Rishi Varan.
Enforcement of foreign judgments
In law, the enforcement of foreign judgments is the recognition and enforcement in one jurisdiction of judgments rendered in another ("foreign") jurisdiction. Foreign judgments may be recognized based on bilateral or multilateral treaties or understandings, or unilaterally without an express international agreement.

Brussels Regime
The Brussels Regime is a set of rules regulating which courts have jurisdiction in legal disputes of a civil or commercial nature between individuals resident in different member states of the European Union (EU) and the European Free Trade Association (EFTA). It has detailed rules assigning jurisdiction for the dispute to be heard and governs the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments.
Nicole Schott
Nicole Schott (born 12 September 1996) is a retired German figure skater. She is the 2016 CS Warsaw Cup champion, the 2017 CS Tallinn Trophy bronze medalist, a two-time NRW Trophy champion (2014, 2016), and a seven-time German national champion (2012, 2015, 2018–20, 2022–23). She has finished within the top ten at two World and four European Championships.

Schott represented Germany at the 2018 and 2022 Winter Olympics, placing eighteenth and seventeenth, respectively.

2017 CS Tallinn Trophy
The 2017 CS Tallinn Trophy was a senior international figure skating competition held on November 21–26, 2017, at the Tondiraba Ice Hall in Tallinn, Estonia. The senior categories were part of the 2017–18 ISU Challenger Series. Medals were awarded in men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dance.
.338 Marlin Express
The .338 Marlin Express is a cartridge developed by Marlin Firearms and Hornady.  It is based on the .376 Steyr with a goal to duplicate the venerable .30-06 Springfield's performance in a cartridge compatible with lever-action firearms. The cartridge uses a slightly shorter, rimmed case to function in lever-action rifles with tubular magazines.  As introduced in Hornady's LEVERevolution line of cartridges, it follows the design logic of the .308 Marlin Express which preceded it. The .338MX fires heavier .338 caliber bullets than the .308 Marlin Express at roughly the same velocity. It is chambered in Marlin's Model 338MX and 338MXLR rifles using the Marlin Model 336 action.

Lever action
A lever action is a type of action for repeating firearms that uses a manually operated cocking handle located around the trigger guard area (often incorporating it) that pivots forward to move the bolt via internal linkages, which will feed and extract cartridges into and out of the chamber, and cock the firing pin mechanism. This contrasts to other type of repeating actions such as the bolt-action, pump-action, semi-automatic, fully automatic, and/or burst mode actions. A firearm using this operating mechanism is colloquially referred to as a levergun.

Most lever-action firearms are rifles, but some lever-action shotguns and a few pistols have been made. The Winchester Model 1873 rifle is one of the most famous lever-action firearms, but many manufacturers (notably Henry Repeating Arms and Marlin Firearms) also produce lever-action rifles. Colt produced the 6403 lever-action Colt-Burgess rifles from 1883 until 1885 and Mossberg formerly produced the Model 464 rifle.
European Athletic Association
The European Athletic Association (EAA, more commonly known as European Athletics) is the governing body for athletics in Europe. It is one of the six Area Associations of the world's athletics governing body World Athletics. European Athletics has 51 members and is headquartered in Lausanne.

Originally created in 1932 as a European Committee, it was made into an independent body during the Bucharest conference of 1969. The first European Athletics congress took place in Paris on 6–8 October 1970, with Dutchman Adriaan Paulen elected as its first president. From a volunteer-led organization based in the acting Secretary's home country, European Athletics has developed into a professional organization with a permanent base in Switzerland.

European Athletics runs and regulates several championships and meetings across Europe – both indoor and outdoor.

Adriaan Paulen
Adriaan "Adje" Paulen RMWO (Dutch: [ˈaːdrijaːn ˈɑtɕə ˈpʌulən]; 12 October 1902 – 9 May 1985) was a Dutch athlete who competed from 1917 to 1931. During World War II, he was part of the Dutch resistance in the Netherlands. Following World War II, Paulen became a sports official, becoming president of the IAAF (then International Amateur Athletic Federation), serving from 1976 to 1981.
Shepherd's Bush railway station
Shepherd's Bush is an interchange station between the Mildmay line of the London Overground and National Rail services operated by Southern, located in Shepherd's Bush, West London. It opened on 29 September 2008 and lies within London fare zone 2.

A number of stations in the area both past and present have borne the name Shepherd's Bush; today the National Rail station shares its name with the adjacent Central line Shepherd's Bush, with which it shares a surface-level interchange.

An entirely separate London Underground station, Shepherd's Bush Market on the Circle line and Hammersmith & City line located approximately 500 metres (0.3 miles) away was originally called Shepherd's Bush. This station was renamed on 12 October 2008 to Shepherd's Bush Market to avoid confusion.

Mildmay line
The Mildmay line is the service operated by London Overground on the North London and West London railway lines. It passes through the inner suburbs of London, between Richmond and Clapham Junction in the south-west and Stratford in the east, avoiding central London. Prior to the name being adopted in November 2024, the service was labelled in Transport for London timetables as the Richmond and Clapham Junction to Stratford route.

The name has caused some confusion as it was chosen to honour the Mildmay Mission Hospital, which treated victims of the HIV/AIDS crisis in the 1980s, and the line is blue on the Tube map. However, the Mildmay line doesn't go near its namesake hospital, which is more closely served by the Windrush Line.
Zenon C.R. Hansen
Zenon Clayton Raymond Hansen (July 23, 1909 – October 19, 1990) was chairman and CEO of Mack Trucks, Inc. from 1965 to 1974.  He was the fifth president of the company.  Zenon C.R. Hansen was active in the Boy Scouts of America and he was an Eagle Scout. Zenon C.R. Hansen was elected to the Automotive Hall of Fame in 1983.

Hansen died in 1990. The Zenon C.R. Hansen Foundation helped to start a leadership program at Doane College  in Crete, Nebraska.

The Hansen Leadership Program is designed to develop the leadership skills of Doane College students, area high school students, and community residents.

Doane University
Doane University is a private university in Crete, Nebraska, United States. It has additional campuses in Lincoln, Omaha, Grand Island, North Platte, and Bellevue. The oldest private institution in the State of Nebraska, the university was established in 1872 as Doane College following a donation from Thomas Doane. It is historically affiliated with the United Church of Christ.
Dithiazolium
Dithiazolium refers to families of heterocycles consisting of C2NS2 rings.  The cations are aromatic on the grounds that they have six pi-electrons.  In principle, several isomers are possible, depending on the relative location of the C, N, and S atoms in the ring.

1,2,5-Dithiazolium cations arise from cycloaddition of dithionitronium (NS2+) to alkynes.  The derivative with two trifluoromethyl groups (prepared from hexafluorobutyne) can be reduced to the 7 electron radical.  This particular 1,3,5-dithiazole is also rare example of a radical that can be obtained as a solid, liquid, and gas.  The gas is blue.

Benzo-1,2-3-dithiazolium salts can be prepared by the Herz reaction, which entails the reaction of an aniline with disulfur dichloride.  Hydrolysis of this "Herz salt" gives the corresponding sodium thiolate, which can be further converted to the 2-aminothiophenol.

Appel's salt is an example of a 1,2,3-dithiazolium.

4,5-Dichloro-1,2,3-dithiazolium chloride
4,5-Dichloro-1,2,3-dithiazolium chloride (Appel's salt) is an organosulfur compound. It is the chloride salt of the 4,5-dichloro-1,2,3-dithiazolium cation. It is a green solid that is poorly soluble in organic solvents.
Værnes, Trøndelag
Værnes is a village in Stjørdal Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located in the western part of the municipality, about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) southeast of the town of Stjørdalshalsen and just northeast of the Stjørdalselva river delta. The village of Hell lies to the south and the village of Prestmoen lies to the east.

The area is the site of Trondheim Airport, Værnes, Trondheim Airport Station, Værnes Air Station, and the 12th-century Værnes Church.

Prestmoen
Prestmoen is a village in Stjørdal Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located along the Stjørdalselva river in the central part of the municipality, about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) southeast of the town of Stjørdalshalsen. The village is the location of Værnes Church.

The 0.2-square-kilometre (49-acre) village has a population (2024) of 391 and a population density of 1,955 inhabitants per square kilometre (5,060/sq mi).