hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gha
The letter Ƣ (minuscule: ƣ) was used in the Latin orthographies of various, mostly Turkic languages, such as Azeri or the Jaꞑalif orthography for Tatar. It was also included in the pinyin-based alphabets for Kazakh and Uyghur and in the 1928 Soviet Kurdish Latin alphabet. It usually represents a voiced velar fricative [ɣ] but is sometimes used for a voiced uvular fricative [ʁ]. All orthographies that used the letter were phased out, and it is not supported in all Latin fonts. It can still be seen in pre-1983 books published in the People’s Republic of China.

Historically, it is derived from a handwritten form of the small Latin letter q around 1900. The majuscule is then based on the minuscule. Its use for [ɣ] stems from the linguistic tradition of representing such sounds (and similar ones) by q in Turkic languages and in transcriptions of Arabic or Persian (compare kaf and qaf).

In alphabetical order, it comes between G and H.

G
G, or g, is the seventh letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages, and others worldwide. Its name in English is gee (pronounced /ˈdʒiː/ ⓘ), plural gees.

The lowercase version can be written in two forms: the single-storey (sometimes "opentail") g and the double-storey (sometimes "looptail") g. The former is commonly used in handwriting and typefaces based on it, especially in texts intended to be read by children; it is the style used by most sans-serif typefaces, such as Helvetica. The latter form is used by most serif typefaces, such as Times.
Kalwi & Remi
Kalwi & Remi are a Polish DJ duo formed in 2003, performing electronic dance music. They rose to fame in 2006 when their song "Explosion" became an international club hit. The duo have performed in venues across Europe and the US, and collaborated with Judge Jules, Amanda Wilson, John Christian, Afrika Islam, and the Ministry of Sound, among others. Their other hits include "Imagination", "Stop (Falling Down)", "Kiss", "Girls", "You and I", and "Unbreakable".

Ministry of Sound
Ministry of Sound or Ministry of Sound Group is a multimedia entertainment business based in London with a nightclub, shared workspace and private members' club, worldwide events operation, music publishing business and fitness studio.

James Palumbo is the co-founder and former chairman and CEO of the Group. He handed over the day-to-day running of the business to Lohan Presencer in 2008. In 2018, Presencer became chairman.
2022 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships – Men's 10,000 m
The men's 10,000 meter at the 2022 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships took place in Heerenveen at the Thialf ice skating rink on Sunday 31 October 2021. There were 12 participants. Although the tournament was held in 2021 it was the 2022 edition as it was part of the 2021–2022 speed skating season.

2022 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships
The 2022 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships were held at the Thialf skating rink in Heerenveen from Friday 28 October 2021 to Sunday 30 October 2021. Although the tournament was held in 2021 it was the 2022 edition as it was part of the 2021–2022 speed skating season.
Weekend Getaway
Weekend Getaway is a 2012 Nigerian romantic drama film directed by Desmond Elliot and starring Genevieve Nnaji, Ramsey Nouah, Monalisa Chinda, Ini Edo, Uti Nwachukwu, Alexx Ekubo, Bryan Okwara, Beverly Naya and Uru Eke. It received 11 nominations and eventually won 4 awards at the 2013 Nollywood & African Film Critics Awards (NAFCA). It also received 2 nominations at the 2013 Best of Nollywood Awards with Alexx Ekubo eventually winning the award for Best Actor in a supporting role. The film was a box-office success in Nigerian cinemas generally because of its star-studded cast.

Beverly Naya
Beverly Naya (born Beverly Naya; 17 April) is a British-born Nigerian actress. She won Most Promising Talent at the 2010 Best of Nollywood Awards. She also won the award for Fast Rising Actress at the 2011 City People Entertainment Awards.
Mary Somerset, Duchess of Beaufort (gardener)
Mary Somerset, Duchess of Beaufort (baptised 16 December 1630 – 7 January 1715) also known by her other married name of Mary Seymour, Lady Beauchamp and her maiden name Mary Capell, was an English noblewoman, gardener and botanist. Among her introductions to British gardening are Pelargonium zonale, Ageratum species and Passiflora caerulea.

Ageratum
Ageratum (/əˈdʒɛrətəm/) (whiteweed in the US) is a genus of 40 to 60 tropical and warm temperate flowering annuals and perennials from the family Asteraceae, tribe Eupatorieae. Most species are native to Central America and Mexico but four are native to the United States.

They form tussocks or small hills. They grow to a height of 30 inches (76 cm). The opposite leaves are cordate or oval, hairy or tomentose. The margins are slightly toothed or serrate. The leaves form compact clusters.

The fluffy flowers are lavender-blue, pink, lilac, or white, and spread in small compound umbels. They give small, dry fruits.
2014 Wirral Metropolitan Borough Council election
The 2014 Wirral Metropolitan Borough Council election took place on 22 May 2014 to elect members of Wirral Metropolitan Borough Council in England. This election was held on the same day as other local elections.

After the election, the composition of the council was:

2012 Wirral Metropolitan Borough Council election
The 2012 Wirral Metropolitan Borough Council election took place on 3 May 2012 to elect members of Wirral Metropolitan Borough Council in England. This election was held on the same day as other local elections.

Overall, Labour gained seven seats at the expense of the Conservatives and Liberal Democrats and gained overall control of the council, with a majority of eight.

After the election, the composition of the council was:
Marika (singer)
Marika (born Marta Kosakowska on 14 December 1980) is a Polish vocalist, songwriter and radio DJ. Currently performing avant-pop, she was previously known for her Caribbean-inspired repertoire which incorporated reggae, dancehall, as well as funk and soul music. She was hailed "the First Lady of Polish dancehall" and was noted for energetic shows and conscious lyrics. She also had a short-lived but successful career as a prime time TV host in Poland.

Avant-pop
Avant-pop is popular music that is experimental, new, and distinct from previous styles while retaining an immediate accessibility for the listener. The term implies a combination of avant-garde sensibilities with existing elements from popular music in the service of novel or idiosyncratic artistic visions.
Widad Qamari
Widad Yusif Qamari (Arabic: وداد قمري; 1939 – 30 June 2022) was a Palestinian militant who worked with the General Union of Palestinian Women and the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine during their early years of existence, including in exile in Jordan. She appeared on Arab Loutfi's film Tell Your Tale, Little Bird.

General Union of Palestinian Women
The General Union of Palestinian Women (GUPW or GUPWom) is the official representative of Palestinian women within the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). The GUPW's executive committee consists of several members including the president, co-founder Intissar al-Wazir. The GUPW was established in 1965 as a body in the PLO with the goal of creating an active role for women in the social, economic, and political spheres of the Palestinian territories. The GUPW advocates a democratic government and a sovereign Palestinian state as a precursor to attaining women's social and political rights.  The GUPW has established branches in several countries in the Middle East and Europe to further support women's movements through educational opportunities, financial assistance, and more.
Henry Augustus Middleton Smith
Henry Augustus Middleton Smith (April 30, 1853 – November 23, 1924) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of South Carolina, the United States District Court for the Eastern District of South Carolina and the United States District Court for the Western District of South Carolina.

United States District Court for the District of South Carolina
The United States District Court for the District of South Carolina (in case citations, D.S.C.) is the federal district court whose jurisdiction is the state of South Carolina. Court is held in the cities of Aiken, Anderson, Beaufort, Charleston, Columbia, Florence, Greenville, and Spartanburg.

Appeals from the District of South Carolina are taken to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).

The United States attorney for the District of South Carolina represents the United States in civil and criminal litigation in the court. As of April 28, 2025, the acting United States attorney is Bryan Stirling.
Luna 24
Luna 24 was a robotic probe of the Soviet Union's Luna programme. The 24th mission of the Luna series of spacecraft, the mission of the Luna 24 probe was the third Soviet mission to return lunar soil samples from the Moon (the first two sample return missions were Luna 16 and Luna 20). The probe landed in Mare Crisium (Sea of Crises). The mission returned 170.1 g (6.00 oz) of lunar samples to the Earth on 22 August 1976.

Luna 20
Luna 20  was the second of three successful Soviet lunar sample return missions. It was flown as part of the Luna program as a robotic competitor to the six successful Apollo lunar sample return missions.

Luna 20 was placed in an intermediate Earth parking orbit and from this orbit was sent towards the Moon. It entered lunar orbit on 18 February 1972. On 21 February 1972, Luna 20 soft landed on the Moon in a mountainous area known as the Terra Apollonius (or Apollonius highlands) near Mare Fecunditatis (Sea of Fertility), 120 km from where Luna 16 had landed.

While on the lunar surface, the panoramic television system was operated. Lunar samples were obtained by means of an extendable drilling apparatus. The ascent stage of Luna 20 was launched from the lunar surface on 22 February 1972 carrying 1.9 ounces (55 grams) of collected lunar samples in a sealed capsule. It landed in the Soviet Union on 25 February 1972. The lunar samples were recovered the following day.
Dogbowl
Stephen Tunney, also known as Dogbowl, is an American artist, musician and novelist. He is a founding member of the avant-garde band King Missile (Dog Fly Religion), and has recorded many albums as a solo act.

He is also the author of two novels, the surreal, post-apocalyptic Flan, published in 1992 by Four Walls Eight Windows, and One Hundred Percent Lunar Boy, published in 2010 by MacAdam/Cage. One Hundred Percent Lunar Boy takes place on a terraformed Moon two thousand years in the future and chronicles the misadventures of sixteen-year-old Hieronymus Rexaphin, a boy who can see the fourth primary color, and the trouble he gets into after showing his unusual eyes to a teenage tourist girl from Earth.

Four Walls Eight Windows
Four Walls Eight Windows was an American independent book publisher in New York City. Known as 4W8W or Four Walls, the company was notable for its dual commitment to progressive politics and adventurous, edgy literary fiction.
Adam Barlow
Adam Barlow is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera Coronation Street, played by Sam Robertson. He made his first appearance on-screen on 14 January 2001. Adam was played by Iain De Caestecker from the character's first appearance in 2001 until 21 July 2003 with Robertson taking over the role from 31 December 2004 until 20 April 2007. Robertson reprised the role in 2016 and made his return on screen on 16 November 2016. Adam is the son of Mike Baldwin (Johnny Briggs) and Susan Barlow (Joanna Foster), and the grandson of Ken Barlow (William Roache).

Joanna Foster
Joanna Foster is a British actress active in theatre and television since 1978. On stage, she created roles in the world premieres of Andrew Davies's Diary of A Desperate Woman (1979), Anthony Burgess's The Eve of Saint Venus (1979), and Olwen Wymark's Brezhnev's Children (1991), and has performed leading roles with the Royal Shakespeare Company, Royal National Theatre, The Young Vic, Leicester Haymarket Theatre, and The Dukes, Lancaster among other theatre companies. She was the fourth and final actress to portray Susan Barlow in Coronation Street.
Circuit court (Florida)
The Florida circuit courts are state courts and trial courts of original jurisdiction for most controversies. In Florida, the circuit courts are one of four types of courts created by the Florida Constitution (the other three being the Florida Supreme Court, Florida district courts of appeal, and Florida county courts).

The circuit courts primarily handle felony criminal cases; family law matters; civil cases where the amount in controversy is greater than $50,000; probate, guardianship, and mental health cases; juvenile dependency and delinquency cases; and appeals of decisions in certain administrative, noncriminal infractions, and other types of cases.

Original jurisdiction
In common law legal systems, original jurisdiction of a court is the power to hear a case for the first time, as opposed to appellate jurisdiction, when a higher court has the power to review a lower court's decision.
Elite (video game series)
Elite is a space trading and combat simulation video game series created by David Braben and Ian Bell in 1984. The Elite series has been revolutionarily innovative, genre defining, and the longest running space sim series in history. The series was met with commercial success, favorable reviews and near-universal acclaim.

David Braben
David John Braben OBE FREng (born 2 January 1964) is an English video game developer and designer, founder and President of Frontier Developments, and co-creator of the Elite series of space trading video games, first published in 1984. He is also a co-founder of and works as a trustee for the Raspberry Pi Foundation, which in 2012 launched a low-cost computer for education.
Lievens (surname)
Lievens is a Dutch patronymic surname ("Lieven's") most common in Belgium. People with this surname or patronym include:

Constant Lievens (1856–1893), Flemish Jesuit missionary in India

Dirk Lievens (1612–aft.1650), Dutch painter, brother of Jan

Jan Lievens (1607–1674), Dutch painter

Marc Lievens (born 1948), Belgian racing cyclist

Roeland Lievens (born 1983), Dutch rower

Lieven
The House of Lieven (Latvian: Līveni; Russian: Ливен;   
Swedish: (von) Liewen) is one of the oldest and most aristocratic families of Baltic-German origin. As such, the family belonged to the Baltic German nobility (in the Duchy of Courland), and later to the Russian and Swedish nobility.
Guanzhuang, Beijing
Guanzhuang Township (Chinese: 管庄乡; pinyin: Guǎnzhuāng Xiāng) is a township located on the eastern side of Chaoyang District, Beijing, China. It sits south of Changying Township, west of Beiyuan Subdistrict and Yongshun Town, north of Heizhuanghu and Dougezhuang Townships, and east of Sanjianfang Township. As of 2021, the area had a population of 93,273.

The name Guanzhuang (Chinese: 管庄; lit. 'Guan's Villa') is from a local village bearing the same name.

Sanjianfang
Sanjianfang Township (Chinese: 三间房乡; pinyin: Sānjiānfáng Xiāng) is a township in the eastern Chaoyang District and around the 5th Ring Road of Beijing, China. It borders Pingfang and Changying Townships to the north, Guanzhuang Township to the east, Dougezhuang Township to the south, and Gaobeidian Township to the west. It has a population of 109,672 according to the 2020 Chinese census.

The name Sanjianfang (Chinese: 三间房; lit. 'Three Houses') is derived from Sanjiafang (Chinese: 三家坊; lit. 'Three Families Workshops'), which were a collection of prominent workshops and markets within the area around the end of Ming dynasty.
Paul Methuen, 3rd Baron Methuen
Field Marshal Paul Sanford Methuen, 3rd Baron Methuen, GCB, GCMG, GCVO, DL (1 September 1845 – 30 October 1932) was a British Army officer. He served in the Third Anglo-Ashanti War in 1873 and then in the expedition of Sir Charles Warren to Bechuanaland in the mid-1880s. He took a prominent role as General Officer Commanding the 1st Division in the Second Boer War. He suffered a serious defeat at the Battle of Magersfontein, during which he failed to carry out adequate reconnaissance and accordingly his artillery bombarded the wrong place leading to the Highland Brigade taking heavy casualties. He was later captured by the Boers at Tweebosch. After the war, he became General Officer Commanding-in-Chief in South Africa in 1908, Governor and Commander-in-Chief of Natal in 1910 and then Governor and Commander-in-Chief of Malta in 1915.

Anglo-Ashanti wars
The Anglo-Ashanti wars were a series of five conflicts that took place between 1824 and 1900 between the Ashanti Empire—in the Akan interior of the Gold Coast—and the British Empire and its African allies. Despite initial Ashanti victories, the British ultimately prevailed in the conflicts, resulting in the complete annexation of the Ashanti Empire by 1900.
Elara Pictures
Elara Pictures is an American independent film production and television production company founded by Josh Safdie, Benny Safdie, Ronald Bronstein and Sebastian Bear-McClard.

They have produced such films as Heaven Knows What (2014), Good Time (2017), Uncut Gems (2019) and Funny Pages (2022).

Uncut Gems, starring Adam Sandler, is Elara's highest grossing film. It is A24's third highest-grossing film domestically, behind Marty Supreme and Everything Everywhere All at Once (2022), and was the company's highest-grossing film at the time of its release.

Good Time (film)
Good Time is a 2017 American crime thriller film directed by Josh and Benny Safdie and written by Josh Safdie and Ronald Bronstein. It stars Robert Pattinson as a small-time criminal who tries to free his developmentally disabled brother, played by Benny Safdie, from police custody, while attempting to avoid his own arrest. Buddy Duress, Taliah Lennice Webster, Jennifer Jason Leigh, and Barkhad Abdi co-star. Electronic musician Oneohtrix Point Never composed the film's score.

Good Time was selected to compete for the Palme d'Or in the main competition section of the 2017 Cannes Film Festival on May 25, 2017. The film was released in select theaters on August 11, 2017, before expanding wide on August 25. It received highly positive reviews from critics, with praise for Pattinson's performance, the direction, the story, and the music.
Rehaai
Rehaai (Urdu: رہائی, lit. 'Liberation') is a 2013 Pakistani television drama series directed by Mehreen Jabbar and written by Farhat Ishtiaq. It premiered on Hum TV on 18 March 2013. The series stars Noman Ijaz, Samina Peerzada, Maria Wasti, Adnan Jilani, Rashid Farooqui, Yashal Nadeem, Nausheen Shah, and Danish Taimoor. The series was produced by Kashf Foundation in collaboration with Momina Duraid. It highlights real-life stories of clients of Kashf, a microfinance NGO, focusing on the challenges they face and how they overcome them with the help of small loans.

The drama focuses on child marriage, an endemic issue affecting low-income families in many parts of Pakistan. Its airing sparked widespread debate on child marriage and the Sindh Child Marriage Restraint Act, 2013.

Momina Duraid
Momina Duraid (Urdu: مُومِنہ دُرید, born 30 June 1971) is a Pakistani director and producer. She is a senior producer and creative head of television network Hum TV and CEO of her own production company MD Productions. She has produced and created several series including Dastaan (2010), Qaid-e-Tanhai (2010–11), Humsafar (2011–12), Shehr-e-Zaat (2012), Zindagi Gulzar Hai (2012–13), Diyar-e-Dil (2015), Sadqay Tumhare (2015), Mann Mayal (2016), Udaari (2016), Bin Roye (2016), Yaqeen Ka Safar (2017), Suno Chanda (2018) and Ehd-e-Wafa (2019).

In 2015, Momina ventured into film direction and co-directed Bin Roye. Later that same year, she founded film production house, Hum Films. She is married to Duraid Qureshi and is a daughter-in-law of Hum Network president and founder, Sultana Siddiqui. In 2015, she was named among the Pond's list of Miracle Journey: The 100 Most Inspirational Women.
Mister Venezuela 2019
Mister Venezuela 2019 was the 15th Mister Venezuela pageant. It was held at the Estudio 1 de Venevisión in Caracas, Venezuela on April 13, 2019.

At the end of the event, Christian Nunes of Distrito Capital titled Jorge Eduardo Nuñez of Zulia as Mister Venezuela 2019. He represented Venezuela at the Mister World 2019 pageant placing in the Top 29 and then in Mister Supranational 2023 pageant.

The runner-up position went to Leonardo Carrero of Mérida.

Leonardo Carrero
Leonardo Carrero Contreras (born 1 November 1992) is a Venezuelan model and male beauty pageant titleholder. He was Mister Supranational Venezuela 2019 and represented Venezuela in the Mister Supranational 2019 where he finished as 4th Runner-Up.
Frozen Land
Frozen Land (Finnish: Paha maa) is a 2005 Finnish drama film directed and written by Aku Louhimies starring Jasper Pääkkönen, Mikko Leppilampi and Pamela Tola. The film's plot is based on Leo Tolstoy's 1911 posthumously published story "The Forged Coupon", part one, which was also the basis for Robert Bresson's 1983 film L'Argent.

L'Argent (1983 film)
L'Argent (French pronunciation: [laʁ.ʒɑ̃], meaning "money") is a 1983 French tragedy film written and directed by Robert Bresson. The film is loosely inspired by the first part of Leo Tolstoy's posthumously published 1911 novella The Forged Coupon. It was Bresson's last film and won the Director's Prize at the 1983 Cannes Film Festival.
Heliamphora chimantensis
Heliamphora chimantensis is a species of marsh pitcher plant endemic to the Chimantá Massif in Venezuela. Specifically, it has been recorded from Apacará and Chimantá Tepuis. It is thought to be more closely related to the southern growing H. tatei and H. neblinae than to any of the other species found in the Gran Sabana and its tepuis. All other species known from this region have between 10 and 15 anthers, while H. tatei, H. neblinae and H. chimantensis have around 20. However, the anthers of H. tatei and the closely related H. neblinae (once thought to be a variety of the former) are 7–9 mm long, while those of H. chimantensis only reach 5 mm in length.

Chimantá Massif
The Chimantá Massif is a highly fragmented complex of tepuis in Bolívar state, Venezuela. The massif comprises around 11 tepuis and has a total summit area of 615 km2 (237 sq mi) and an estimated slope area of 915 km2 (353 sq mi). It is divided in two by the Río Tírica, with the northern section being both larger and higher. The massif is notable for its high species richness and for its varied habitat types. It reaches an elevation of 2,698 metres (8,852 ft) on its highest peak, Murey-tepui (also known as Eruoda-tepui). The massif is situated entirely within the bounds of Canaima National Park. It hosts extensive cave systems, including the world's largest known quartzite cave, Cueva Charles Brewer, named after discoverer Charles Brewer-Carías. The processes behind their speleogenesis are the subject of some debate.

The isolated southern peaks of Angasima-tepui and Upuigma-tepui are sometimes considered part of the Chimantá Massif.