hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Virginia Governor's Council
The Governor's Council, also known as the Privy Council and Council of State, was the upper house of the legislature of the Colony of Virginia (the House of Burgesses being the other house). It also served as an advisory body to the royal governor and as the highest judicial body in the colony. Beginning in the 1630s, its 12 members were appointed by the British sovereign. After Virginia declared its independence from Great Britain in 1776, members were appointed by the General Assembly, and most of their powers were redistributed to the newly formed Senate of Virginia and the state's judiciary. The Council was formally abolished after delegates to the 1850 Virginia constitutional convention voted to enact what became known as the "Reform Constitution," which vested many of its remaining functions in the popularly elected offices of Governor, Lieutenant Governor, and Attorney General.

Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1850
The Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1850 was an assembly of elected delegates chosen by the voters to write the fundamental law of Virginia. It is known as the Reform Convention because it liberalized Virginia political institutions.
William of Lucca
William of Lucca (Guglielmo da Lucca) (died 1178 AD) was an Italian theologian and scholastic philosopher. He taught at Bologna, in the third quarter of the twelfth century.

He wrote a commentary on The Divine Names of Pseudo-Dionysius, combining ideas from Gilbert de la Porrée with those of Eriugena. He is also the presumed author of Summa artis dialectice, a textbook of logic, influenced by Abelard.

Gilbert de la Porrée
Gilbert de la Porrée (French pronunciation: [ʒilbɛʁ də la pɔʁe]; after 1085 – 4 September 1154), also known as Gilbert of Poitiers, Gilbertus Porretanus or Pictaviensis, was a scholastic logician and theologian and  Bishop of Poitiers.
Abbottabad
Abbottabad is a city in the Hazara Division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. It is the 40th largest city in the country and 6th largest in the province by population, and serves as the headquarter of its namesake tehsil and district. It is about 120 km (75 mi) north of Islamabad-Rawalpindi and 150 km (95 mi) east of Peshawar, at an elevation of 1,256 m (4,121 ft). Kashmir lies a short distance to the east.

Hazara Division
Hazara Division, located along the Indus River in Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, serves as an  administrative region of the province, encompassing nine districts: Abbottabad, Allai District, Battagram, Haripur, Kolai-Palas, Lower Kohistan, Mansehra, Torghar, and Upper Kohistan.
Ralph L. Sacco
Ralph Lewis Sacco (1957 – January 17, 2023)  was an American neurologist. He held the Olemberg Family Chair in Neurological Disorders, Miller Professor of Neurology, Public Health Sciences, Human Genetics, and Neurosurgery at the Miller School of Medicine at the University of Miami and Chief of the Neurology Service at Jackson Memorial Hospital. In 2020, Sacco was named editor-in-chief of the Stroke journal and the inaugural recipient of the Edgar J. Kenton III Lecture Award from the American Stroke Association.

Sacco was also the Executive Director of the Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute at the Miller School of Medicine at the University of Miami. He was the first neurologist to become president of the American Heart Association and the first former AHA president to become president of the American Academy of Neurology. He died on 17 January 2023 due to brain tumor.

American Academy of Neurology
The American Academy of Neurology (AAN) is a professional society representing over 40,000 neurologists and neuroscientists. As a medical specialty society it was established in 1948 by A.B. Baker of the University of Minnesota to advance the art and science of neurology, and thereby promote the best possible care for patients with neurological disorders. It is headquartered in Minneapolis and maintains a health policy office in Washington, D.C.

In April 2012, the academy relocated its headquarters to a new 63,000-square-foot building in downtown Minneapolis. The five-story facility cost $20 million to build.
American football in the United States
American football is a form of gridiron football and the most popular sport in the United States. In the United States, the game is most often referred to as simply "football". Football is played in leagues of different size, age and quality, in all regions of the country.

There is no single national governing body for American football in the United States or a continental governing body for North America. There is an international governing body, the International Federation of American Football, or IFAF. The National Football League has the highest revenue and average attendance of any sports league in the world.

International Federation of American Football
The International Federation of American Football (IFAF) is the international governing body of American football associations. The IFAF oversees the organization and promotion of all international competitions across both contact and non contact versions of the game, including the IFAF World Championship, which is held every four years. The IFAF became a provisionary member of SportAccord in 2003, and became a full SportAccord member in 2005. In 2023, IFAF was officially recognized as an Olympic IF (International Federation) by the IOC. In 2023, IFAF marked a historic new streak, with flag football being selected as one of the five new sports for the LA 2028 Olympic Summer Games. The organization's head office relocated to Lausanne, Switzerland in 2026.
Madan Mohan temple, Cooch Behar
Madan Mohan temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Krishna, who is worshipped in the form of Madan Mohan in this temple. Maa Kali, Maa Tara and Maa Bhavani are the other major Hindu deities who are also worshipped in the temple.

Situated in the center of Cooch Behar town in Cooch Behar district of West Bengal, the temple has been a centerpiece of devotion and spiritual significance since its establishment in the late 19th century by Maharaja Nripendra Narayan of the Koch dynasty. Besides being a house of worship, the temple and its architecture also serve as a landmark in the timeline of Cooch Behar's princely state.

Govinda
Govinda (Sanskrit: गोविन्द, transl. "observer of cattle"), also rendered Govind, Gobinda, and Gobind, is an epithet of Vishnu and his avatars, such as Krishna. The name appears as the 187th and the 539th name of Vishnu in the Vishnu Sahasranama. The name is also popularly addressed to Krishna, referring to his youthful activity as a cowherd boy.
Jack O'Connor (Wexford hurler)
Jack O'Connor (born 1995) is an Irish hurler who plays for Wexford Championship club St Martin's and at inter-county level with the Wexford senior hurling team. He usually plays as a right wing-forward, but can also be deployed as a left wing-back.

St Martin's GAA (Wexford)
St Martin's GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association club in Piercestown, County Wexford, Ireland. The club is affiliated to the Wexford County Board and it fields teams in Gaelic football, hurling, camogie and ladies' Gaelic football.
Tiger Salim
Tiger Salim is a 1978 Indian Malayalam film, directed by Joshiy in his directorial debut, written by S. L. Puram Sadanandan and produced by S. R. Shaji. The film stars Sudheer, Vincent, Ravi Kumar, etc. in the lead roles. The film has musical score by Shyam.

Vincent (actor)
Vincent (12 February 1946 - 30 August 1991) was an Indian actor from Kerala. He was active during the 1970s and 80s and acted in about 160+ Malayalam films, many of them as leading actor. He was born in Edavanakad Vypin. A handsome lead during the ’70s, he was known for the mainstream ‘heartthrob’ image. He was a romantic and action hero of his time.
1979 Navarrese foral election
The 1979 Navarrese foral election was held on Tuesday, 3 April 1979, to elect the Foral Parliament of Navarre. All 70 seats in the Parliament were up for election. It was held concurrently with local elections all throughout Spain.

Parliament of Navarre
The Parliament of Navarre (Spanish Parlamento de Navarra, Basque Nafarroako Parlamentua) or also known as Cortes de Navarra (in Spanish) or Nafarroako Gorteak (in Basque) is the Navarre autonomous unicameral parliament.
Tonic (radio program)
Tonic was a Canadian radio program, which debuted on March 19, 2007 on CBC Radio 2.

It played a blend of jazz music with Latin jazz, soul, R&B and world groove, and aired from 8 p.m. to 10 p.m. Mondays through Saturdays.  The program was originally hosted by Katie Malloch weekdays from Montreal and Tim Tamashiro on weekends from Calgary; after Malloch's retirement from the CBC in early 2012, Tamashiro was the sole host until his final show on June 30, 2017.  For the summer of 2017, the show was hosted by 5 different Canadian female jazz artists.

It originally aired from 6 p.m. to 8 p.m. nightly. The change occurred on June 29, 2009 when it switched places with Canada Live, which had previously followed Tonic in the 8 p.m. to 10 p.m. slot. The program also formerly aired a Sunday edition as well, but this was dropped when the network added The Strombo Show on Sunday nights.

It ended September 2, 2017, and was replaced by After Dark with Odario Williams.

Canada Live
Canada Live is a Canadian radio program aired on both CBC Radio One and CBC Radio 2 since 2007. It debuted on March 19, 2007, on CBC Radio 2, and airs concert performances in a variety of musical genres from locations across Canada.

The program was originally hosted by Matt Galloway on weekdays and Patti Schmidt on weekends. However, their main role on most occasions was to introduce a local CBC personality in the region from which the concert was broadcast, who then hosted the remainder of the evening. From fall 2007 to fall 2009, the program only used the regional hosts.

Following budget cuts (which also resulted in the program being shortened from two hours each night to one), Andrew Craig took over as permanent host of the program. In 2013, the program was reduced to a single airing per week, hosted by Garvia Bailey.

The program is now hosted by Angeline Tetteh-Wayoe. It is also repeated Friday afternoons on CBC Radio One.
Milenge Milenge
Milenge Milenge (transl. We will meet) is a 2010 Indian Hindi-language romantic comedy film directed by Satish Kaushik. Largely based on the 2001 film Serendipity, the film stars Shahid Kapoor and Kareena Kapoor. Satish Shah, Aarti Chhabria, and Delnaaz Paul appear in supporting roles. The film received overwhelmingly negative reviews from critics and bombed at the box office.

Satish Kaushik
Satish Chandra Kaushik (13 April 1956 – 9 March 2023) was an Indian actor, director, producer, comedian, editor and screenwriter. He found fame in Bollywood with Mr. India starring Anil Kapoor, Sridevi, and Amrish Puri, where he played the iconic character of a cook named Calendar. He later directed films such as Tere Naam.
Kletno Bear Cave
Kletno Bear Cave (Polish: Jaskinia Niedźwiedzia w Kletnie) is the longest cave located in the Śnieżnik Mountains, which are part of the greater Sudeten mountain range. It was discovered in 1966, near the village of Kletno in Poland. It is famous for its many excavations of the cave bear (Ursus spelaeus).

Králický Sněžník Mountains
The Králický Sněžník Mountains or Śnieżnik Mountains (Polish: Masyw Śnieżnika, Czech: Králický Sněžník, German: Glatzer Schneegebirge) is a massif and mountain range in the Eastern Sudetes on the border of the Czech Republic and Poland.
Utsukushiki Zankoku na Sekai
"Utsukushiki Zankoku na Sekai" (Japanese: 美しき残酷な世界; lit. "The Beautiful and Cruel World") is a song by Japanese singer Yoko Hikasa, whose lyrics were written by Mike Sugiyama and music composed by Rei Ishizuka. The song was released on May 8, 2013, as the debut single of Hikasa from Pony Canyon, and is best remembered for its use as the first ending theme for the first season of Attack on Titan.

Pony Canyon
Pony Canyon Inc. (株式会社ポニーキャニオン, Kabushiki gaisha Ponī Kyanion), also known by the shorthand form Ponican (ぽにきゃん, Ponikyan), is a Japanese company, established on October 1, 1966, which distributes music, films, home video, and video games. It is affiliated with the Japanese media group Fujisankei Communications Group. Pony Canyon is a major leader in the music industry in Japan, with its artists regularly at the top of the Japanese charts. Pony Canyon is also responsible for releasing taped concerts from its artists as well as many anime productions and several film productions.

Pony Canyon is headquartered in Tokyo with offices in Taiwan and South Korea. It employs approximately 360 people. Pony Canyon also owns the recording label Flight Master.
Marshall Schlom
Marshall Ivan Schlom (March 3, 1928 – January 21, 2015) was an American script supervisor who worked on many popular Hollywood films and television series in a career spanning four decades. He was also a member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences foreign film committee for almost the same amount of time. He was most noted for his work on Alfred Hitchcock's Psycho, Barry Levinson's Rain Man, and his multiple collaborations with such filmmakers as Stanley Kramer, Mike Nichols, and Arthur Penn.

Barry Levinson
Barry Lee Levinson (born April 6, 1942) is an American film director, producer and screenwriter. Levinson won the Academy Award for Best Director for Rain Man (1988). His other best-known works are Diner (1982), The Natural (1984), Good Morning, Vietnam (1987), Bugsy (1991), and Wag the Dog (1997). In 2021, he co-executive produced the Hulu miniseries Dopesick and directed the first two episodes.
National Land Commission
The National Land Commission of Kenya is an independent government commission whose establishment was provided for by the Constitution of Kenya to, amongst other things, manage public land on behalf of the national and county governments, initiate investigations into present or historical land injustices and recommend appropriate redress, and monitor and have oversight responsibilities over land use planning throughout the country. NLC was officially established under The National Land Commission Act of 2012.

Constitution of Kenya
The Constitution of Kenya is the supreme law of the Republic of Kenya. There have been three significant versions of Kenya's constitution, with the most recent being the one promulgated in 2010. The constitution was presented to the Attorney General of Kenya on 7 April 2010, officially published on 6 May 2010, and was subjected to a referendum on 4 August 2010. The new Constitution was approved by 67% of Kenyan voters. The constitution was promulgated on 27 August 2010, marking an historic chapter in Kenya's governance.

The 2010 new constitution of Kenya enshrined power to the citizens of Kenya and fundamentally reshaped the country's governance landscape in several ways included the introduction of a devolved system of governance, Checks on Executive Power, Expanded Bill of Rights and Judicial Independence.
Marcus Livius Denter
Marcus Livius Denter (d. 295 BC) was a Roman politician who was consul, belonging to gens Livia in the fourth century BC.

In 302 BC, he was appointed as consul with Marcus Aemilius Paullus. During their consulship, the Spartan prince Cleonymus landed in southern Italy to attack the Lucani, and according to Titus Livius, was either defeated and driven out by Aemilius Paullus or he left before the arrival of the dictator Gaius Junius Bubulcus Brutus, who was sent to repel him.

After the decision of the Lex Ogulnia in 300 BC, plebeians were allowed to hold priestly offices, and Livius Denter was the first plebeian to be elected Pontiff. In this capacity, he is said to have died in 295 BC. During the decisive Battle of Sentinum, he was at the side of the consul Publius Decius Mus when he performed the Devotio, sacrificing himself in battle for victory.

Publius Decius Mus (consul 312 BC)
Publius Decius Mus (died 295 BC), of the plebeian gens Decia, was a Roman consul in the years 312 BC, 308 BC, 297 BC and 295 BC. He was a member of a family that was renowned for sacrificing themselves on the battlefield for Rome.
FEATool Multiphysics
FEATool Multiphysics ("Finite Element Analysis Toolbox for Multiphysics") is a physics, finite element analysis (FEA), and partial differential equation (PDE) simulation toolbox. FEATool Multiphysics features the ability to model fully coupled heat transfer, fluid dynamics, chemical engineering, structural mechanics, fluid-structure interaction (FSI), electromagnetics, as well as user-defined and custom PDE problems in 1D, 2D (axisymmetry), or 3D, all within a graphical user interface (GUI) or optionally as script files. FEATool has been employed and used in academic research, teaching, and industrial engineering simulation contexts.

OpenFOAM
OpenFOAM (Open Field Operation And Manipulation) is a C++ toolbox for the development of customized numerical solvers, and pre-/post-processing utilities for the solution of continuum mechanics problems, most prominently including computational fluid dynamics (CFD).

The OpenFOAM software is used in research organisations, academic institutes and across many types of industries, for example, automotive, manufacturing, process engineering, environmental engineering and marine energy.

OpenFOAM is open-source software which is freely available and licensed under the GNU General Public License Version 3, with the following variants:

OpenFOAM, released by OpenCFD Ltd. (with the name trademarked since 2007) first released as open-source in 2004. (Note: since 2012, OpenCFD Ltd is wholly-owned subsidiary of ESI Group)

FOAM-Extend, released by Wikki Ltd. (since 2009)

OpenFOAM, released by OpenFOAM Foundation. (since 2011)
2025 SciAps 300
The 2025 SciAps 300 was the 9th stock car race of the 2025 NASCAR Xfinity Series, and the first iteration of the event. The race was held on Saturday, April 12, 2025, at Bristol Motor Speedway in Bristol, Tennessee, a 0.533 miles (0.858 km) permanent oval shaped racetrack. The race took the scheduled 300 laps to complete.

Kyle Larson, driving for Hendrick Motorsports, would put on a trailblazing performance, winning the pole, the second stage, and led a race-high 277 laps to earn his 16th career NASCAR Xfinity Series win, and his second of the season. To fill out the podium, Carson Kvapil and Justin Allgaier, both driving for JR Motorsports, would finish 2nd and 3rd, respectively.

This was also the third race of the Dash 4 Cash. Drivers eligible for the D4C were Austin Hill, Sheldon Creed, Justin Allgaier, and Brennan Poole, since they were the highest finishing Xfinity regulars following the race at Martinsville. Allgaier finished in third and claimed the $100K bonus cash.

Justin Allgaier
Justin Myrl Allgaier (born June 6, 1986) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He competes full-time in the NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series, driving the No. 7 Chevrolet Camaro SS for JR Motorsports and part-time in the NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 40 Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 for JRM.

He is the 2008 ARCA Re/Max Series champion, the 2024 NASCAR Xfinity Series champion, and the 2009 NASCAR Nationwide Series Rookie of the Year.
Btrfs
Btrfs (pronounced as "better F S", "butter F S", "b-tree F S", or "B.T.R.F.S.") is a computer storage format that combines a file system based on the copy-on-write (COW) principle with a logical volume manager (distinct from Linux's LVM), developed together. It was created by Chris Mason in 2007 for use in Linux, and since November 2013, the file system's on-disk format has been declared stable in the Linux kernel.

Btrfs is intended to address the lack of pooling, snapshots, integrity checking, data scrubbing, and integral multi-device spanning in Linux file systems. Mason, the principal Btrfs author, stated that its goal was "to let [Linux] scale for the storage that will be available. Scaling is not just about addressing the storage but also means being able to administer and to manage it with a clean interface that lets people see what's being used and makes it more reliable".

Logical volume management
In computer storage, logical volume management (LVM) provides a method of allocating space on mass-storage devices that is more flexible than conventional partitioning schemes to store volumes.  In particular, a volume manager can concatenate, stripe together or otherwise combine partitions (or block devices in general) into larger virtual partitions that administrators can re-size or move, potentially without interrupting system use.

Volume management represents just one of many forms of storage virtualization; its implementation takes place in a layer in the device-driver stack of an operating system (OS) (as opposed to within storage devices or in a network).
Absolom M. West
Absolom Madden West (1818 – September 30, 1894) was an American planter, Confederate militia general, state politician, railroad president and labor organizer. Born in Alabama, he became a plantation owner in Holmes County, Mississippi, and president of the Mississippi Central Railroad. He served in the American Civil War. After the war, he served in the Mississippi State Senate and ran for Vice President of the United States, unsuccessfully.

Mississippi State Senate
The Mississippi State Senate is the upper house of the Mississippi Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Mississippi. The Senate, along with the lower Mississippi House of Representatives, convenes at the Mississippi State Capitol in Jackson. The Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi serves as President of the Senate.

The Senate is composed of 52 senators representing an equal number of constituent districts, with 56,947 people per district (2020 census). In the current legislative session, the Republican Party holds 34 seats while the Democratic Party holds 18 seats, creating a Republican trifecta in the state government.

The Senate can confirm or reject gubernatorial appointments to the state cabinet, commissions, and boards and can create and amend bills.
Venable, Missouri
Venable is an unincorporated community in northwest Texas County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.

The community is on a ridge at the east end of Missouri Route AA and Ellis Prairie is approximately 2.5 miles west on Route AA. The old Venable School was about three-quarters of a mile to the north-northeast. It is about six miles north-northwest of Houston. The Big Piney River is about two miles to the east.

Ellis Prairie, Missouri
Ellis Prairie is an unincorporated community in Texas County, Missouri, United States. It is located on Missouri Route AA, 7.5 miles northwest of Houston and 2.5 miles east of Mitchells Corner and Missouri Route 17.

A post office called Ellis Prairie was established in 1879, and remained in operation until 1979. The community has the name of Washington Asa Ellis, who settled on a nearby prairie.