hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Verneuil method
The Verneuil method (or Verneuil process or Verneuil technique), also called flame fusion, was the first commercially successful method of manufacturing synthetic gemstones, developed in the late 1883  by the French chemist Auguste Verneuil. It is primarily used to produce the ruby, sapphire and padparadscha varieties of corundum, as well as the diamond simulants rutile, strontium titanate and spinel. The principle of the process involves melting a finely powdered substance using an oxyhydrogen flame, and crystallising the melted droplets into a boule. The process is considered to be the founding step of modern industrial crystal growth technology, and remains in wide use to this day.

Rutile
Rutile is an oxide mineral composed of titanium dioxide (TiO2), the most common natural form of TiO2. Rarer polymorphs of TiO2 are known, including anatase, akaogiite, and brookite.

Rutile has one of the highest refractive indices at visible wavelengths of any known crystal and also exhibits a particularly large birefringence and high dispersion. Owing to these properties, it is useful for the manufacture of certain optical elements, especially polarization optics, for longer visible and infrared wavelengths up to about 4.5 micrometres. Natural rutile may contain up to 10% iron and significant amounts of niobium and tantalum.

Rutile derives its name from the Latin rutilus ('red'), in reference to the deep red color observed in some specimens when viewed by transmitted light. Rutile was first described in 1803 by Abraham Gottlob Werner using specimens obtained in Horcajuelo de la Sierra, Madrid (Spain), which is consequently the type locality.
Etharkkum Thunindhavan (soundtrack)
Etharkkum Thunindhavan is the soundtrack album composed by D. Imman for the Tamil-language action thriller film of the same name directed by Pandiraj and produced by Sun Pictures, starring Suriya and Priyanka Arul Mohan. The soundtrack has ten tunes; four songs featuring lyrics written by Yugabharathi, Sivakarthikeyan and Vignesh Shivan and the remainder of the album featured instrumental tracks used in the background score. It was released on 31 January 2022.

Yugabharathi
Yugabharathi is a Tamil poet and lyricist. He started his career as editor in Kanaiyazhi and turned into a lyricist in Tamil film industry. Debuting in the film Aanandham with lyrics for the song "Pallankuzhiyin vattam parthaen", he has become a successful lyricist penning more than 1000 songs.
The Wife's Family
The Wife's Family (also released as My Wife's Family) is a 1931 British comedy film directed by Monty Banks and starring Gene Gerrard, Muriel Angelus, and Amy Veness. It was based on the popular stage farce by Fred Duprez. The play was subsequently filmed a further four times: in a Swedish version Mother-in-Law's Coming, in 1932; a 1933 Finnish film Voi meitä! Anoppi tulee; and British remakes in 1941 and 1956. It was produced by British International Pictures and shot at the company's Elstree Studios in Hertfordshire. The film's sets were designed by the art director John Mead.

Poster taglines: "His Mother-in-law wasn't born--she was quarried out of solid granite and could lick her weight in wildcats!"
"An inside comedy of the in-laws-the in-bads and all but ingratitude!"

Amy Veness
Amy Veness (26 February 1876 – 22 September 1960) was an English film actress. She played the role of Grandma Huggett in The Huggetts Trilogy and was sometimes credited as Amy Van Ness.

Veness was born Amy Clarice Beart in Aldeburgh, Suffolk. She was married to Basil Springett. On 22 September 1960 she died in Saltdean, Sussex, England at age 84.
San Cristóbal Island
San Cristóbal Island (Spanish: Isla San Cristóbal), also known as Chatham Island, is the easternmost island in the Galápagos archipelago, as well as one of the oldest geologically. It is administratively part of San Cristóbal Canton, Ecuador.

Santa Cruz Island (Galápagos)
Santa Cruz Island (Spanish: Isla Santa Cruz), also known as Indefatigable Island and by other names, is the most populous and second-largest island in the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador. Situated in the middle of the group, Santa Cruz is a shield volcano with an area of 986 km2 (381 sq mi) and a maximum altitude of 864 m (2,835 ft). The seat of Santa Cruz Canton is Puerto Ayora on Santa Cruz. The island's total population is around 18,000 with those living in smaller villages chiefly working in agriculture and cattle raising.
Shipbroking
Shipbroking is a financial service, which forms part of the global shipping industry. Shipbrokers are specialist intermediaries/negotiators (i.e. brokers) between shipowners and charterers who use ships to transport cargo, or between buyers and sellers of vessels.

Baltic Exchange
The Baltic Exchange (incorporated as The Baltic Exchange Limited) is a British financial services company and membership organisation for the maritime industry, and freight market information provider for the trading and settlement of chartering and derivative contracts.

Situated since Edwardian times at 24-28 St Mary Axe in the City of London, the building was destroyed by a bomb in 1992. Its headquarters are now at 77 Leadenhall Street, with further offices in Europe, across Asia, and in the United States.

Its international community of 650 member companies encompasses the majority of world shipping interests and commits to a code of business conduct overseen by the Baltic Exchange: its members are responsible for a large proportion of all dry cargo and tanker fixtures as well as the sale and purchase of merchant vessels.
The Listeners (opera)
The Listeners is an English-language opera in two acts, with music by American composer Missy Mazzoli and libretto by Royce Vavrek. Based on a story by Jordan Tannahill, the opera was commissioned by Opera Philadelphia and Lyric Opera of Chicago. The premiere was staged with Norwegian National Opera in 2022, before the American premiere in Philadelphia in 2024.

Lyric Opera of Chicago
The Lyric Opera of Chicago is an American opera company based in Chicago, Illinois.  The company was founded in Chicago in 1954, under the name 'Lyric Theatre of Chicago' by Carol Fox, Nicola Rescigno and Lawrence Kelly, with a season that included Maria Callas's American debut in Norma.  Fox re-organized the company in 1956 under its present name.  Lyric is housed in a theater and related spaces in the Civic Opera Building.  These spaces are now owned by Lyric.
Sadegh Ghotbzadeh
Sadegh Ghotbzadeh (Persian: صادق قطب‌زاده, 24 February 1936 – 15 September 1982) was an Iranian politician who served as a close aide of Ayatollah Khomeini during his 1978 exile in France and was foreign minister (30 November 1979 – August 1980) during the Iran hostage crisis following the Iranian Revolution. In 1982, he was executed for allegedly plotting the assassination of Ayatollah Khomeini and the overthrow of the Islamic Republic.

Abolhassan Banisadr
Abolhassan Banisadr (Persian: ابوالحسن بنی‌صدر; 22 March 1933 – 9 October 2021) was an Iranian politician, writer, and political dissident. He was the first president of Iran after the 1979 Iranian Revolution abolished the monarchy, serving from February 1980 until his impeachment by parliament in June 1981. Before his presidency, he was the Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Interim Government of Iran.

Following his impeachment, Banisadr fled Iran and found political asylum in France, where he co-founded the National Council of Resistance of Iran. Banisadr later focused on political writings about his revolutionary activities and his critiques of the Iranian government. He became a critic of Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei and the country's handling of its 2009 elections.
Dimow
Dimow is a medium-sized village in Sissiborgaon tehsil, Dhemaji district in the Indian state of Assam. It is situated at a distance of 48 km from its district headquarters, Dhemaji, and 16 km from the nearest town Silapathar.

Silapathar
Silapathar is a small city and municipal board in Dhemaji district in the Indian state of Assam. The name itself derived from Mising word "Sila" means Kite and "Pothar" means rice fields as the place used be a kiting ground for native Mising people during the winters. The city is on the northern bank of the Brahmaputra River and is 470 kilometres (290 mi) from the city of Guwahati and just six km (3.7 mi) from border of Arunachal Pradesh. The longest rail cum road bridge in India (Bogibeel bridge) connects Silapathar to Dibrugarh. Historical Malinithan Mandir is located around ten km (6.2 mi) from Silapathar.

Silapathar is the commercial hub of Dhemaji district and Arunachal Pradesh. The place has a heady mix of indigenous communities like Mising, Chutia, Ahom, Gorkhas and Deoris.

Silapathar Buddhist Monastery (Zangdok Palri Monastery) is the second largest Buddhist Monastery in India constructed by Khen Rinpoche Tsering Dorjee under the aegis of Pema Mani Charitable Trust.
Quebec Autoroute 640
Autoroute 640 (or A-640) is a Quebec autoroute that runs across the North Shore Region (paralleling the Rivière des Mille-Îles) from Route 344 in the Oka area to Route 138, where it ends as a four-lane expressway in Charlemagne. The road was designed to be northern bypass of the city of Montréal and was originally intended to cross the Lake of Two Mountains to connect to Autoroute 40 near Vaudreuil. It is currently 54.8 km (34.1 mi) long.

A-640 begins at Chemin d'Oka (Route 344) at a traffic circle near Oka National Park, and terminates at a signalized at-grade intersection with Rue Émile-Despins (Route 344) in Charlemagne.

Charlemagne, Quebec
Charlemagne (pronounced [ʃaʁləmaɲ]) is a city in the Canadian province of Québec on the north shore of the Rivière des Prairies, 24 kilometres (15 mi) northeast of the city of Montréal’s downtown core. As of 2021, the population was 6,302.

Charlemagne is the birthplace and childhood hometown of singer Céline Dion, known for the song "My Heart Will Go On" from the 1997 film Titanic; the town council named one of its main streets after her without the recognition of a Québec commission. Additionally, the town erected a sculpture on Dion's behalf. Charlemagne is also the birthplace of politician Camille Laurin.
Preston Pearson
Preston James Pearson (born January 17, 1945) is an American former professional football player who was a running back in the National Football League (NFL) for the Baltimore Colts, Pittsburgh Steelers and Dallas Cowboys. He played college basketball for the Illinois Fighting Illini. Pearson played in five Super Bowls with three different teams. In describing the difficulties Pearson faced over the course of his 14-year NFL career, Pittsburgh sportswriter Phil Musick stated "Pearson has had more bad breaks than a glassblower with cold sores".

Lenny Moore
Leonard Edward Moore (born November 25, 1933) is an American former professional football player who was a halfback and flanker for the Baltimore Colts of the National Football League (NFL) from 1956 to 1967. He played college football for the Penn State Nittany Lions. He was named the NFL Rookie of the Year in 1956 and was selected to the Pro Bowl seven times. Moore was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1975.
California Column
The California Column was a force of Union volunteers sent to Arizona and New Mexico during the American Civil War. The command marched over 900 miles (1,400 km) from California through Arizona and New Mexico Territory to the Rio Grande and as far east as El Paso, Texas, between April and August 1862.

New Mexico Territory
The Territory of New Mexico was an organized incorporated territory of the United States from September 9, 1850, until January 6, 1912. It was created from the U.S. provisional government of New Mexico, as a result of Nuevo México becoming part of the American frontier after the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. It existed with varying boundaries until the territory was admitted to the Union as the U.S. state of New Mexico in 1912. This jurisdiction was an organized, incorporated territory of the US for nearly 62 years, the longest period of any territory in the contiguous United States.
Draquila – L'Italia che trema
Draquila – L'Italia che trema is a 2010 Italian satirical documentary film about the political matters regarding the earthquake that hit the Italian city of L'Aquila in 2009. It stars the comedian Sabina Guzzanti, who also wrote and directed. It was presented out of competition at the 2010 Cannes Film Festival, causing a boycott from the Italian government.

The movie name is a portmanteau between L'Aquila and Dracula, while the subtitle Poteri speciali ad un uomo speciale ("Special powers for a special man") pertain to Guido Bertolaso, the discussed chief of Protezione Civile.

Protezione Civile
The Protezione Civile (Civil Protection), officially Dipartimento della Protezione Civile (Civil Protection Department), is the national body in Italy that deals with the prediction, prevention and management of emergency events. It was established in 1992 by legge 24 febbraio 1992, n. 225, which was updated in 2012, and it is supervised by the office of the Prime Minister. The duties of the Protezione Civile are to predict, prevent and manage at national level disasters and catastrophes, both natural and human-made. The main goal is to protect the sake of life, the properties, the settlements and the environment from damage and dangers.

The current chief is Fabio Ciciliano.

In order to cope with the risky and difficult situations, the Protezione Civile needs a great deal of volunteers and all the other existing forces. More than 5,000 local volunteering organizations participate to the Protezione Civile activities that represent the backbone of the department.
2014–15 FC Mordovia Saransk season
The 2014–15 FC Mordovia Saransk season was Mordovia Saransk's 1st season back in the Russian Premier League, the highest tier of association football in Russia, following their promotion in 2014, and their 2nd season in total. Mordovia Saransk will also be taking part in the Russian Cup.

2014–15 Russian Cup
The 2014–15 Russian Cup, known as the 2014–15 Pirelli–Russian Football Cup for sponsorship reasons, was the 23rd season of the Russian football knockout tournament since the dissolution of Soviet Union.

The competition started on 8 July 2014. The cup champion won a spot in the 2015–16 UEFA Europa League group stage.

The final match was played on 21 May 2015 at the Central Stadium in Astrakhan.
Chicago XXXIII: O Christmas Three
Chicago XXXIII: O Christmas Three is the twenty-second studio album, the second full album of Christmas songs, and thirty-third overall by the American rock band Chicago. The album was released on October 4, 2011. The collection includes a variety of holiday classics and a new tune, "Rockin' and Rollin' on Christmas Day", co-written by founding trumpet player Lee Loughnane.

The album was produced by veteran producer Phil Ramone, who co-produced the band's albums Hot Streets (1978) and Chicago 13 (1979). The album features guest artists Dolly Parton on Paul McCartney's "Wonderful Christmas Time", America on "I Saw Three Ships", BeBe Winans on "Merry Christmas Darling", and guitarist Steve Cropper on "Rockin’ and Rollin’ on Christmas Day".

Chicago XXXIII: O Christmas Three was preceded by Chicago XXV: The Christmas Album in 1998, which, itself, was reissued in 1999 with one new track; and in 2003 under a new title, What's It Gonna Be, Santa?, with six new tracks.

Chicago 13
Chicago 13 is the eleventh studio album by American rock band Chicago, released on August 13, 1979, by Columbia Records. Chicago 13 was the band's final release with guitarist Donnie Dacus, who had followed founding member, guitarist Terry Kath, after his death. All band members contributed to the songwriting (one of only two albums where this is the case, the other being Chicago VII).
Dandam Dashagunam
Dandam Dashagunam (transl. A stick has ten qualities) is a 2011 Indian Kannada-language action thriller film starring Chiranjeevi Sarja and Ramya. The film has been directed and written by director K. Madesh and produced by A. Ganesh . The Music was composed by V. Harikrishna. The film is slated for release on 15 April 2011. It is a remake of the Tamil film Kaakha Kaakha.

V. Harikrishna
V. Harikrishna (born 5 November 1974) is an Indian film score and soundtrack composer, playback singer and Producer. He has mainly scored music for Kannada films. Harikrishna made his debut as an independent composer in actor Darshan's first production venture Jothe Jotheyali in 2006. Since then, he has been scoring for majority of Darshan's films besides working for many other leading production houses. He owns an audio company called "D-Beats" established in 2013 and produces music under his own company starting from the film Bulbul (2013). He has turned into a director with the 2019 Kannada film Yajamana.

Harikrishna has won three consecutive Filmfare Award for Best Music for Gaalipata in 2008, Raaj The Showman in 2009 and Jackie in 2010.
Malir District
Malir District (Urdu: ضلع ملير) is an administrative district of Karachi Division in Sindh, Pakistan created in 1996 by bifurcation of District Karachi East. According to the 2023 Pakistani census, District Malir had a population of 2,419,736 (2.4 million).

Karachi East District
Karachi East District (Urdu: کراچی مشرقی ضلع) is an administrative district of Karachi Division created in 1972. As of the 2023 Pakistani census the population of Karachi East is 3,913,656.

In 2023, the Government of Sindh announced its intent to rename Karachi East District to Gulshan District (Urdu: ضلع گلشن ) to align with its town name; however, there is as yet no indication that this has taken place.
VR Baseball '97
VR Baseball '97 is a baseball video game developed by VR Sports and published by Interplay Productions for PlayStation. It was released in early April 1997, and was later ported for Microsoft Windows as VR Baseball: Hardware Accelerated in late 1997.

Interplay Entertainment
Interplay Entertainment Corp. is an American video game developer and publisher based in Los Angeles. The company was founded in 1983 as Interplay Productions by developers Brian Fargo, Jay Patel, Troy Worrell, and Rebecca Heineman, as well as investor Chris Wells. As a developer, Interplay is best known as the creator of the Fallout series and as a publisher for the Baldur's Gate and Descent series.
Steve Simmons
Steve Simmons is a Canadian sports journalist with the Toronto Sun, and nationally syndicated throughout Sun Media.  He previously worked as a sports columnist for the Calgary Herald, Calgary Sun, London Free Press, The Globe and Mail, and The Hockey News.

Calgary Sun
The Calgary Sun is a daily newspaper published in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. It is currently owned by Postmedia Network. First published in 1980, the tabloid-format daily newspaper replaced the long-running tabloid-size The Albertan soon after it was acquired by the publishers of the Toronto Sun. The newspaper, like most of those in the Canadian Sun chain, is known for short, snappy news stories aimed primarily at working-class readers. The layout of the Calgary Sun is partially based on that of British tabloids.
Grupo Silvio Santos
Grupo Silvio Santos (Silvio Santos Group in English) is a Brazilian holding founded by the Brazilian billionaire media-man Silvio Santos.

The principal member of the holding is SBT, the second biggest network television in Brazil. The group also controls the Tele Sena, the Teatro Imprensa, Jequiti, Sisan Empreendimentos  and many other investments such as hotels and shopping malls.

The group may also be recognized by its initials, GSS. In 2008, it was considered the 63rd largest company in Brazil.

The branch of communication represented by SBT and TV Alphaville is the third largest media conglomerate in the country behind only the Grupo Globo owner of TV Globo and Grupo Abril.

Grupo Abril
Grupo Abril (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈɡɾu.pu aˈbɾiw]; lit. 'April Group') simply also known as Abril)  is a Brazilian media conglomerate headquartered in São Paulo. The company is the holding company of Editora Abril, which publishes the weekly newsmagazine Veja.
Joseph R. Lamonde
Joseph Richard Lamonde (born June 22, 1948, died November 18, 2021) was a former Chaplain of the United States Marine Corps who served from 1978 in a number of posts, including as Chaplain of the United States Marine Corps Forces, Pacific from 1998 to 2000. He was awarded several times for his service, those awards include the Legion of Merit with two award stars, the Meritorious Service Medal with two award stars, the Joint Service Commendation Medal, the Navy and Marine Corps Commendation Medal with two award stars and the Navy and Marine Corps Achievement Medal.

United States Marine Corps Forces, Pacific
The U.S. Marine Corps Forces, Pacific (MARFORPAC) is the Marine Corps service component command of U.S. Indo-Pacific Command. It is the largest field command in the Marine Corps and is headquartered at Camp H. M. Smith in Hawaii. The MARFORPAC area of responsibility covers more than half of the Earth's surface.

It is composed of the I Marine Expeditionary Force (I MEF) and the III Marine Expeditionary Force (III MEF).  Each MEF comprises a command element (CE), a ground combat element (GCE) (1st and 3rd Marine Divisions), an aviation combat element (ACE) (1st and 3rd Marine Aircraft Wings), and a logistics combat element (LCE) (1st and 3rd Marine Logistics Groups).
Never Far Behind
"Never Far Behind" is a contemporary Christian song recorded by American pop rock duo Aly & AJ for the Christian edition of their debut album Into the Rush. The single was only released on Christian radio stations in October 2005. It went to number one on Radio & Records (R&R) Christian CHR. This is the second Aly & AJ song to have an official release to a radio format other than Radio Disney. So far, there have only been four ("Rush", "Never Far Behind", "Chemicals React", and "Potential Breakup Song"). The song was later also included on the deluxe edition of Into the Rush, which was released on August 8, 2006.

Chemicals React
"Chemicals React" is a song written and recorded by American pop rock duo Aly & AJ, for the deluxe edition reissue of their debut album Into the Rush (2005). The Michalka sisters co-wrote the song with Antonina Armato and Tim James of production duo Rock Mafia, who also produced the track. It was the second mainstream single from Into the Rush and seventh overall single, released to radio by Hollywood Records on June 27, 2006. "Chemicals React" served as the group's debut international release. A re-recorded version of the song was released on July 22, 2022.
The Bus Collective
The Bus Collective is a resort hotel located at Changi Village in Singapore. Operated by the local travel agency WTS Travel in partnership with the Ministry of Trade and Industry and the Singapore Land Authority, it is the first hotel in Southeast Asia to be built using repurposed public buses, having been constructed using twenty decommissioned buses formerly operated by the local bus operator SBS Transit. It held its grand opening on 5 November 2023 and started accepting guests on 1 December.

Opening ceremony
An opening ceremony, grand opening, or ribbon-cutting ceremony marks the official opening of a newly constructed location or the start of an event. Opening ceremonies at significant events such as the Olympic Games, FIFA World Cup, and the Rugby World Cup might involve thousands of participants and be watched worldwide. Such tournaments often also include a closing ceremony at the end of the event.