hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bernays–Schönfinkel class
The Bernays–Schönfinkel class (also known as Bernays–Schönfinkel–Ramsey class) of formulas, named after Paul Bernays, Moses Schönfinkel and Frank P. Ramsey, is a fragment of first-order logic formulas where satisfiability is decidable.

It is the set of sentences that, when written in prenex normal form, have an  quantifier prefix and do not contain any function symbols.

Ramsey proved that, if  is a formula in the Bernays–Schönfinkel class with one free variable, then either  is finite, or  is finite.

This class of logic formulas is also sometimes referred as effectively propositional (EPR) since it can be effectively translated into propositional logic formulas by a process of grounding or instantiation.

The satisfiability problem for this class is NEXPTIME-complete.

Prenex normal form
A formula of the predicate calculus is in prenex normal form (PNF) if it is written as a string of quantifiers and bound variables, called the prefix, followed by a quantifier-free part, called the matrix. Together with the normal forms in propositional logic (e.g. disjunctive normal form or conjunctive normal form), it provides a canonical normal form useful in automated theorem proving.

Every formula in classical logic is logically equivalent to a formula in prenex normal form. For example, if , , and  are quantifier-free formulas with the free variables shown then

is in prenex normal form with matrix , while

is logically equivalent but not in prenex normal form.
Roberta Degnore
Roberta Degnore (born July 1946) is an American author, filmmaker, and psychologist. Degnore wrote novels under numerous pen names before pursuing graduate studies in psychology and filmmaking.

Degnore was a close friend and confidant to art curator and photography collector Sam Wagstaff at the time of his death from AIDS in 1987.

She currently teaches courses in psychology at the Fashion Institute of Technology. Her works include Invisible Soft Return:\, nominated for the Lambda Literary Award in 2014.

Fashion Institute of Technology
The Fashion Institute of Technology (FIT) is a public college under the State University of New York, in New York City. It focuses on art, business, design, mass communication, and technology connected to the fashion industry. It was founded in 1944.
2024 Banten gubernatorial election
The 2024 Banten gubernatorial election was held on 27 November 2024 as part of nationwide local elections to elect the governor and vice governor of Banten for a five-year term. The previous elected governor, Wahidin Halim, did not run for a second term. The speaker of the Banten Regional House of Representatives, Andra Soni of the Gerindra Party, was elected governor with 55% of the vote. He defeated former South Tangerang Mayor Airin Rachmi Diany of Golkar who received 44% in an upset.

Wahidin Halim
Wahidin Halim (born 14 August 1954) is an Indonesian politician who is the formerly Governor of Banten, having held that position since 2017 to 2022. Before being elected to the office, Halim had spent two years as a legislator and ten years as the mayor of Tangerang.

Halim was born in Tangerang and completed his higher education in the University of Indonesia. His career started out as a local bureaucrat, before eventually becoming Tangerang's city secretary prior to his election as mayor in 2003.
Steven Kampfer
Steven Allan Kampfer (born September 24, 1988) is an American former professional ice hockey defenseman. He was selected by the Anaheim Ducks of the National Hockey League (NHL) in the fourth round, 93rd overall, of the 2007 NHL entry draft. He played for the Boston Bruins, Minnesota Wild, Florida Panthers, and New York Rangers in the National Hockey League (NHL). Kampfer was born in Ann Arbor, Michigan, but grew up in Jackson, Michigan.

Minnesota Wild
The Minnesota Wild are a professional ice hockey team based in Saint Paul, Minnesota. The Wild compete in the National Hockey League (NHL) as a member of the Central Division in the Western Conference. The team plays its home games at the Grand Casino Arena, and is owned by Craig Leipold. The Wild are affiliated with the Iowa Wild of the American Hockey League (AHL) and the Iowa Heartlanders of the ECHL.

The Wild were founded on June 25, 1997, and began play in the 2000–01 season. The team was founded following the departure of the Minnesota North Stars, who were based in Minnesota from 1967 to 1993, when they relocated to Dallas, Texas, and became the Dallas Stars. The Wild made their first Stanley Cup playoffs appearance in 2003, making a surprise run to the Western Conference finals, but ultimately losing to the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim. The team have appeared in the playoffs a total of 14 times, and have won one division championship, in 2008.
Hannah Adler
Hannah Adler (born January 23, 1998) is an American beach soccer and association football player who plays as a forward for Cali Beach Soccer Club and the United States women's national beach soccer team. She was named U.S. Women’s Beach Soccer Player of the Year in 2023 and 2024. Adler previously played professional grass soccer in the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL) for Racing Louisville FC, in Denmark for HB Køge and Aalborg BK, and in Israel for Hapoel Ra'anana. She co-founded Beyond the Baller, a women’s soccer lifestyle brand, with professional player Cheyenne Shorts.

United States women's national beach soccer team
The United States women's national beach soccer team represents the United States in international beach soccer competitions. It is controlled by the United States Soccer Federation (USSF), the governing body for soccer in the United States.

The program was officially launched in 2019 and has been steadily developing through domestic training camps, international friendlies, and regional CONCACAF competitions.
Cristos Gianakos
Cristos Gianakos (born January 4, 1934) is an American postminimalist artist known for his large-scale ramp sculptures and installations. He lives and works in New York, where he has been teaching at the School of Visual Arts since 1963. He has been exhibiting and publishing as Cris Gianakos since 2002.

School of Visual Arts
The School of Visual Arts New York City (SVA NYC) is a private for-profit art school in New York City. It was founded in 1947 and is a member of the Association of Independent Colleges of Art and Design.
Kadak Collective
Kadak Collective is a collaborative group of female artists from South Asia, who work on graphic art projects, including zines, publications, and other forms of story-telling. Its members include filmmaker and webcomic creator Aarthi Parthasarthy, comic artist and illustrator Kaveri Gopalakrishnan.

Kaveri Gopalakrishnan
Kaveri Gopalakrishnan is an Indian independent comics maker, illustrator, and art director based in Sydney, Australia. She is most notable for her interactive illustration "On The Roof" that was featured in the Women's Day 2018 Google Doodle. The illustration depicts Kaveri's love for reading. She was one among 12 female artists featured by Google to celebrate international women's day 2018.
Stratos Dam
The Stratos Hydroelectric Dam (Greek: Υδροηλεκτρικό Φράγμα Στράτου) is a dam on the river Acheloos in Aetolia-Acarnania, western Greece. It is situated just east of the village Stratos, and 9 km northwest of Agrinio. The dam created the Stratos artificial lake. There are four more dams upstream from the Stratos Dam: the Kastraki Dam, the Kremasta Dam, the Sykia Dam and the Mesochora Dam.

The dam was constructed between 1981 and 1989. Four turbine units produce up to 156.7 MW of electricity.

Kremasta Dam
The Kremasta Dam is an earth-fill embankment dam on the Achelous River in Aetolia-Acarnania, Greece. It is located just downstream of where the Agrafiotis, Tavropos and Trikeriotis rivers meet to form the Achelous. The dam was constructed between 1961 and 1965 and its four 109.3 MW Francis turbine-generators were commissioned between 1966 and 1967. Shortly after the dam's reservoir, Lake Kremasta, was filled a 6.3-Mw earthquake occurred. This has been attributed to reservoir-induced seismicity. Lake Kremasta is the largest artificial lake in Greece.
Ingala Valley
The Ingala Valley (Russian: Ингальская долина) is an archaeological district in the area between the Tobol and Iset rivers. It is the largest one in the south of the Tyumen Oblast, and belongs to the Iset cultural and historical province. It has 177 kurgans, 55 archaeological sites of federal significance and 5 regional natural monuments.

Archaeological sites in the valley date from the Mesolithic (8th–7th millennium BC) to the Middle Ages (15th century) and include marks of the Andronovo culture and Sargat culture civilizations. Some of the artifacts are stored in the State Hermitage Museum as the Siberian collection of Peter the Great; others belonged to the lost well-known private collection of Nicolaes Witsen.

Natural monument
A natural monument is a natural or cultural feature of outstanding or unique value because of its inherent rarity, representative of aesthetic qualities, or cultural significance. They can be natural geological and geographical features such as waterfalls, cliffs, craters, fossil, sand dunes, rock forms, valleys and coral reefs. Locations important to faith groups may be considered natural monuments. Archeological and historical sites linked to the natural environment are also included, such as cave art. This is especially true when relevant to the land of Indigenous Peoples.
Vítor Ribeiro
Vítor de Souza Ribeiro (born February 24, 1979) is a retired professional mixed martial artist who competed in the Lightweight division. A professional competitor since 2001, he has formerly competed for Strikeforce, Shooto, DREAM, Cage Rage, Cage Force, the World Fighting Alliance, and K-1 HERO'S. Ribeiro is the former Cage Rage World Lightweight Champion and the former Shooto World Lightweight Champion.

Strikeforce (mixed martial arts)
Strikeforce was an American mixed martial arts and kickboxing organization based in San Jose, California, that operated from 1985 to 2013. It was headed by CEO Scott Coker.

Its live events and competitions have been shown on CBS, debuting on November 7, 2009, and Showtime in the United States. Internationally, Strikeforce events have been broadcast Super Channel in Canada, Primetime in the United Kingdom, SKY PerfecTV! in Japan, HBO Plus in Brazil, Space in Latin America and the Caribbean, and on the American Forces Network.

In early 2011, Strikeforce was purchased by American Ultimate Fighting Championship owner Zuffa LLC, which eventually closed the promotion and brought the remaining fighter contracts into the UFC roster.
Canek Sánchez Guevara
Canek Sánchez Guevara (1974–2015) was a Cuban author, photographer, musician and dissident. The grandson of Argentinian revolutionary Che Guevara, he grew up in the upper crust of post-revolutionary Cuban society, but soon became disillusioned with the government of Fidel Castro. After his mother's death, he went into exile in Mexico, where he worked as a writer for Proceso, penning criticisms of the Cuban government from a left-wing anarchist perspective. He died in 2015, following complications with cardiac surgery.

Cardiac surgery
Cardiac surgery, or cardiovascular surgery, is a  surgery on the heart or great vessels performed by cardiac surgeons. It is often used to treat complications of ischemic heart disease (for example, with coronary artery bypass grafting); to correct congenital heart disease; or to treat valvular heart disease from various causes, including endocarditis, rheumatic heart disease, and atherosclerosis. It also includes heart transplantation.
Rena Maverick Green
Rena Maverick Green  (February 10, 1874 – November 29, 1962) was an artist, a suffragist and a co-founder of the San Antonio Conservation Society. She was a pioneer woman member of the San Antonio School Board and served on the board of trustees of the San Antonio Public Library. She was a preservationist for San Antonio history, including San Antonio Missions National Historical Park and the saving of many city parks.  Green helped preserve the Spanish Governor's Palace and the San Antonio River Walk. She was the granddaughter of a signer of the Texas Declaration of Independence, and the widow of a Texas state Senator.

San Antonio River Walk
The San Antonio River Walk is a city park and special-case pedestrian street in San Antonio, Texas, one level down from the automobile street. The River Walk winds and loops under bridges as two parallel sidewalks lined with restaurants and shops, connecting the major tourist draws such as the Shops at Rivercenter, the Arneson River Theatre, Marriage Island, La Villita, HemisFair Park, Petty House, the Tower Life Building, the San Antonio Museum of Art, the Pearl, and the city's five Spanish colonial missions, each have been named a World Heritage Site, which includes the Alamo. During the annual springtime Fiesta San Antonio, the River Parade features flowery floats that float down the river.

The area within the circumference of the River Walk is the heart of the original 1700s Villa de Bejar outpost, which would eventually become the City of San Antonio.
Foro Penal
Foro Penal (transl. Penal Forum) is a Venezuelan human rights organization that provides legal assistance pro bono to people subject of arbitrary detentions and their relatives. The organization is composed of regional coordinators for each state in Venezuela, pro bono lawyers on a national level and a network of over five thousand volunteers, non-lawyer activists, known as "active defensors".

Pro bono
Pro bono publico (English: 'for the public good'), usually shortened to pro bono, is a Latin phrase for professional work undertaken voluntarily and without payment. The term traditionally referred to provision of legal services by legal professionals for people who are unable to afford them. More recently, the term is used to describe specialist services provided by any professional free of charge to an individual or community.
Phleum
Phleum (common name timothy) is a genus of annual and perennial plants in the grass family. The genus is native to Europe, Asia and north Africa, with one species (P. alpinum) also in North and South America.

They are tufted grasses growing to 20–150 cm tall, with cylindrical, spike-like panicles containing many densely packed spikelets.

Species

Formerly included

Numerous species now considered better suited to other genera: Aegilops, Alopecurus, Beckmannia, Crypsis, Cynodon, Cynosurus, Digitaria, Elytrophorus, Ischaemum, Mnesithea, Muhlenbergia, Pennisetum, Pentameris, Phalaris, Polypogon, Polytrias, Sesleria, Tribolium

Cynosurus
Cynosurus is a genus of Eurasian and North African plants in the grass family. Plants in this genus are known generally as dogstail grass. They are native to the Europe, the Azores, Algeria, Tunisia, Turkey, the Caucasus, and Iran, but some have been introduced into Australia as well as North and South America.
Carlos Asuaje
Carlos Alberto Asuaje Ciafre (ah-soo-ah-hay; born November 2, 1991) is a Venezuelan-American former professional baseball infielder. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the San Diego Padres and in the KBO League for the Lotte Giants.

Lotte Giants
The Lotte Giants (Korean: 롯데 자이언츠) are a South Korean professional baseball team based in Busan. They are a member of the KBO League. The Lotte Giants are owned by Lotte Corporation.

From 1982 through 1985, they played at Gudeok Baseball Stadium and since then have played at Sajik Baseball Stadium. They have won the Korean Series twice, in 1984 and 1992. The team drew about 1.38 million spectators during the 2009 season, a record which remains as the highest attendance in a single season in any South Korean sports league. They are often called the Busan Seagulls (Korean: 부산 갈매기) because the official bird of the city of Busan is the seagull, and their main fight song is Moon Seung-jae's "Busan Seagulls".
Sacrament (Millennium)
"'Sacrament" is the fifteenth episode of the first season of the American crime-thriller television series Millennium. It premiered on the Fox network on February 21, 1997. The episode was written by Frank Spotnitz, and directed by Michael W. Watkins. "Sacrament" featured guest appearances by Philip Anglim, Dylan Haggerty and Brian Markinson.

Millennium Group consultant Frank Black (Lance Henriksen) faces difficulty when his sister-in-law is abducted after her son's baptism. Meanwhile, Black's daughter Jordan begins to show signs of experiencing the same seemingly-psychic visions that have plagued him.

Spotnitz's script for "Sacrament", which he has called his favourite of those written for Millennium, draws inspiration from real life serial killers John Wayne Gacy and Dennis Nilsen. The episode has received mostly positive reviews from critics, and was viewed by approximately 6.81 million households during its original broadcast.

Brian Markinson
Brian Markinson (born 1960 or 1961) is an American actor who has appeared in a wide variety of films and television shows. Some of Markinson's best known roles include a U.S. Attorney General in Shooter, an unscrupulous industrialist in Godzilla, and a supporting role in Angels in America.
32nd (Service) Battalion, Royal Fusiliers (East Ham)
The 32nd (Service) Battalion, Royal Fusiliers (East Ham) (32nd RF) was an infantry unit recruited as part of 'Kitchener's Army' in World War I. It was raised in the summer of 1915 by the Mayor and Borough of East Ham in the Essex suburbs of London. It served on the Western Front from May 1916, seeing action on the Somme and at Ypres. It was then sent to the Italian Front. On return to the Western Front in early 1918 it was broken up to provide reinforcements for other units.

17th (Service) Battalion, Royal Fusiliers (Empire)
The 17th (Service) Battalion, Royal Fusiliers (Empire), (17th RF) was a 'Pals battalion' recruited as part of 'Kitchener's Army' in World War I. It served with the 2nd Division on the Western Front from November 1915 until the Armistice, seeing action on the Somme and the Ancre, at Arras and Cambrai (where one of its officers won the Victoria Cross), against the German spring offensive, and in the final Hundred Days Offensive, when it made a daring crossing of the St Quentin Canal.
Baminornis
Baminornis (meaning "Fujian Province bird") is an extinct genus of basal avialans from the Late Jurassic (Tithonian age) Nanyuan Formation of China. The genus contains a single species, Baminornis  zhenghensis, known from a partial skeleton. Baminornis was initially identified as the oldest known avialan to bear a fused pygostyle, but later research cast doubt on the identification of this structure, claiming it could instead be part of the synsacrum.

Pygostyle
Pygostyle (/ˈpaɪɡəˌstaɪl/; from Ancient Greek πυγή [pugḗ] 'tail, rump' and στῦλος [stûlos] 'pillar, column') is a skeletal condition in which the final few caudal vertebrae are fused into a single ossification, supporting the tail feathers and musculature. In modern birds, the rectrices attach to these. The pygostyle is the main component of the uropygium, a structure colloquially known as the bishop's nose, parson's nose, pope's nose, or sultan's nose. This is the fleshy protuberance visible at the posterior end of a bird (most commonly a chicken or turkey) that has been dressed for cooking. It has a swollen appearance because it also contains the uropygial gland that produces preen oil.
Rasmussen syndrome
Rasmussen syndrome, also known as Rasmussen's encephalitis, is a rare progressive autoimmune neurological disease. It is characterized by frequent and severe focal seizures, progressive neurological decline, hemiparesis (weakness on one side of the body), encephalitis, and unilateral cerebral atrophy. The disease primarily affects children under the age of 15, though adult cases have been reported. Originally described as a form of chronic focal motor epilepsy by Dr. A. Ya. Kozhevnikov in the 1880s and separately identified as focal seizures due to chronic localized encephalitis in the 1950s by Dr. Theodore Rasmussen. It is now classified to be a cytotoxic T-cell–mediated encephalitis.

Hemiparesis
Hemiparesis, also called unilateral paresis, is the weakness of one entire side of the body (hemi- meaning 'half'). Hemiplegia, in its most severe form, is the complete paralysis of one entire side of the body. Either hemiparesis or hemiplegia can result from a variety of medical causes, including congenital conditions, blunt trauma, tumors, traumatic brain injury, and stroke.
Open (2019 film)
Open is a 2019 Philippine romance drama film directed by Andoy Ranay from a story and screenplay written by Wanggo Gallaga, with Dwein Baltazar and Katherine S. Labayen as co-writers of the latter. The film stars JC Santos and Arci Muñoz, with the supporting cast include Ina Raymundo, Sofia Andres, Ivana Alawi, Alexa Ilacad, and Troy Montero.

Produced by Black Sheep Productions and T-Rex Entertainment and distributed by Star Cinema, the film was theatrically released on September 13, 2019, one of the entries for the Pista ng Pelikulang Pilipino 2019.

Alexa Ilacad
Alexandra Madarang Ilacad (born February 26, 2000) is a Filipino actress, singer, host, dancer, vlogger model and TV Host who has appeared in several programs of ABS-CBN.

Since Gen 11, Ilacad became a host for Pinoy Big Brother, where she was given the moniker of "Ang Gen Z Bestie ni Kuya" (transl. The Gen Z Bestie of Big Brother).
Mohammad Mostafaei
Mohammad Mostafaei (Persian: محمد مصطفایی, born 1974) is an Iranian human rights lawyer specializing in death penalty cases, particularly those with juvenile defendants and other human rights cases. In 2010, he moved to Norway, having left Iran due to alleged persecution by authorities for his defense of Sakineh Mohammadi Ashtiani.

Sakineh Mohammadi Ashtiani
Sakineh Mohammadi Ashtiani (Persian: سکینه محمدی آشتیانی; born 1967) is an Iranian woman convicted of conspiracy to commit murder and adultery. She gained international notoriety for originally being sentenced to death by stoning for her crimes. Her sentence was commuted and she was released in 2014 after serving nine years on death row.
Danny Hall (footballer)
Daniel Andrew Hall (born 14 November 1983) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Oldham Athletic, Shrewsbury Town, Chesterfield and Darlington and in the Scottish Premier League for Gretna. He also played non-league football for Crawley Town, Forest Green Rovers, Stockport County, Hyde, Altrincham, Celtic Nation, Guiseley, Bradford Park Avenue, Curzon Ashton, Stalybridge Celtic, Droylsden and Mossley.

Stalybridge Celtic F.C.
Stalybridge Celtic Football Club is an English football club based in Stalybridge, Greater Manchester. They are currently members of the Northern Premier League Division One West and play at Bower Fold. The team traditionally plays in a blue and white strip.

In 1921, Stalybridge Celtic became a founder member of the Football League's Third Division North. After only two seasons in the new league, they became the first club to leave the new division.