hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Donaghadee Lifeboat Station
Donaghadee Lifeboat Station is located at the Parade, in Donaghadee, a harbour town approximately 19 miles (31 km) east of Belfast, on the east coast of County Down, Northern Ireland

A lifeboat was first stationed at Donaghadee in 1910 by the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI).

The station currently operates the All-weather Trent-class lifeboat, 14-21 MacQuarie (ON 1225), on station since 2023.

British Empire Medal
The British Empire Medal (BEM; formerly British Empire Medal for Meritorious Service) is a British and Commonwealth award for meritorious civil or military service worthy of recognition by the Crown. The current honour was created in 1922 to replace the original medal, which had been established in 1917 as part of the Order of the British Empire.
Brexit plan
The Brexit plan, officially known as The United Kingdom's exit from and new partnership with the European Union (Cm 9417), was a UK Government white paper laying out the approach on the upcoming negotiations the Government was intending to take once Article 50 had been triggered as well as laying out the new partnership once the United Kingdom had left the European Union following the outcome of the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum and was published on 2 February 2017 by the then Prime Minister, Theresa May on behalf of the UK Government and David Davis, the then Secretary of State for the Department for Exiting the European Union.

The paper was published ahead of the expected United Kingdom invocation of Article 50 which took place at the end of March 2017 and a separate white paper was published outlining the governments proposals to repeal the European Communities Act 1972 and covert EU laws on the British statute book into British law.

White paper
A white paper is a report or guide that informs readers concisely about a complex issue and presents the issuing body's philosophy on the matter. It is meant to help readers understand an issue, solve a problem, or make a decision. Since the 1990s, this type of document has proliferated in business.  Today, a business-to-business white paper falls under grey literature, more akin to a marketing presentation meant to persuade customers and partners, and promote a certain product or viewpoint.

The term originated in the 1920s to mean a type of position paper or industry report published by a department of the UK government.
Vulture
A vulture is a bird of prey that scavenges on carrion. There are 23 extant species of vulture (including condors). Old World vultures include 16 living species native to Europe, Africa, and Asia; New World vultures are restricted to North and South America and consist of seven species.
A particular characteristic of many vultures is a bald, unfeathered head. This bare skin is thought to keep the head clean when feeding, and also plays an important role in thermoregulation.

Vultures have been observed to hunch their bodies and tuck in their heads in the cold, and open their wings and stretch their necks in the heat. They also urinate on themselves as a means of cooling their bodies.

A group of vultures in flight is called a "kettle", while the term "committee" refers to a group of vultures resting on the ground or in trees. A group of vultures that are feeding is termed a "wake".

White-headed vulture
The white-headed vulture (Trigonoceps occipitalis) is an Old World vulture endemic to Africa. Populations have been declining steeply in recent years due to habitat degradation and poisoning of vultures at carcasses. An extinct relative was also present in the Indonesian island of Flores during the Late Pleistocene, indicating that the genus was more widespread in the past.
Peter Hollens
Peter James Hollens is an American singer-songwriter, producer and entrepreneur. He has been involved with a cappella music since 1999 when he and Leo da Silva founded the University of Oregon's a cappella group, On The Rocks, known as the first official collegiate a cappella group in Oregon. He regularly releases new music videos to his YouTube channel.
With over 9+ million followers and over 3 million subscribers, his content has received over a billion total views since 2011.

The Sing-Off season 2
The second season of The Sing-Off began on December 6, 2010. The number of a cappella groups was increased from eight to ten, with all acts coming from the United States. Nick Lachey remained as host and the three judges, Ben Folds, Shawn Stockman and Nicole Scherzinger, also returned. Deke Sharon returned as music director and vocal producer. The music staff included Ed Boyer, Ben Bram, and Bill Hare. The program was broadcast for five nights in December with the finale on December 20. The season premiere averaged 8.5 million viewers. On the finale, the group Committed became the second champion of the show, beating Street Corner Symphony, The Backbeats and Jerry Lawson & Talk of the Town.

This was Scherzinger's last season as a judge.
2015 Netball Superleague season
The 2015 Netball Superleague season (known for sponsorship reasons as the Zeo Netball Superleague) was the tenth season of the Netball Superleague. The league was won by Surrey Storm after defeating Hertfordshire Mavericks in the grand final. Manchester Thunder finished top of the table following the regular season but they subsequently lost to Mavericks in the semi-finals. Thunder eventually finished third overall. Yorkshire Jets were the surprise team of the season, finishing third during the regular season and fourth overall. This was the first season in Superleague history that Team Bath did not qualify for the semi-finals.

Team Bath (netball)
Team Bath is an English netball team based at the University of Bath. In 2005–06 they were both founder members and the inaugural champions of the Super League. They were Super League champions again in 2006–07, 2008–09, 2009–10 and 2013, and British Fast5 All-Stars Champions in 2021.  In 2023, England Netball announced plans to relaunch the Netball Super League in 2025, with an aim to professionalise the league. During the tender process, the new operating standards for clubs made it unfeasible for Team Bath's senior team to participate in the league and it was disbanded after the 2024 season. The franchise was given a license to continue to deliver the southwest performance pathway on behalf of England Netball including a NXT Gen team.

The netball team is one of several sports teams based at the University of Bath that use the Team Bath brand name. Others include an association football team and a field hockey team.
Mace (unit)
A mace (Chinese: 錢; pinyin: qián; Hong Kong English usage: tsin; Southeast Asian English usage: chee) is a traditional Chinese measurement of weight in East Asia that was also used as a currency denomination. It is equal to 10 candareens and is 1⁄10 of a tael or approximately 3.78 grams. A troy mace is approximately 3.7429 grams. In Hong Kong, one mace is 3.779936375 grams. and in Ordinance 22 of 1884, it is 2⁄15 ounces avoirdupois. In Singapore, one mace (referred to as chee) is 3.77994 grams.

In imperial China, 10 candareens equaled 1 mace which was 1⁄10 of a tael and, like the other units, was used in weight-denominated silver currency system. A common denomination was 7 mace and 2 candareens, equal to one silver Chinese yuan.

Troy weight
Troy weight is a system of units of mass whose origin is uncertain. By far the most common troy unit is the troy ounce (oz t), the standard mass unit for precious metals in industry and in trade; it equals 31.1034768 grams. The troy weight units are the grain, the pennyweight (24 grains), the troy ounce (20 pennyweights), and the troy pound (12 troy ounces). The troy grain is equal to the grain unit of the avoirdupois and apothecaries' systems, but the troy ounce is heavier than the avoirdupois ounce, and the troy pound is lighter than the avoirdupois pound.
Hittite University
Hitit University (Turkish: Hitit Üniversitesi) is a university in Çorum, Turkey, founded in 2006. The university was affiliated to Gazi University before splitting into an independent university, with existing educational units affiliated to this newly founded university in 2006.

Hitit University comprises three institutes, eight faculties, two schools and seven vocational schools. The university provides education to 6,263 short cycle students, 8,245 bachelor students, 1,214 master's degree students and 116 PhD students through 592 academic staff and 347 administrative staff.

Çorum
Çorum (Turkish pronunciation: [ˈtʃoɾum]) is a northern Anatolian city in Turkey. Çorum is located inland in the central Black Sea Region of Turkey and is approximately 244 km (152 mi) from Ankara and 608 km (378 mi) from Istanbul. It is the seat of Çorum Province and of Çorum District. Its population is 269,595 (2022). The city has an elevation of 801 m (2,628 ft) above sea level.

Çorum is primarily known for its Phrygian and Hittite archaeological sites, its thermal springs, and its native roasted chickpea snacks known nationally as leblebi.
Ubayd Allah ibn Abd Allah
Ubayd Allah ibn Abd Allah ibn Zuhayr ibn Abd Allah ibn Jud'an al-Taymi (Arabic: عبيد الله ابن عبد الله ابن زهير عبد الله ابن جدعان التيمي, romanized: Ubayd Allāh ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Zuhayr ibn Abd Allāh ibn Jud'ān al-Taymī) was a Medinian hadith narrator. He was possibly the qadi of Ta'if for caliph Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr (r. 683–692). He retold the event of the pen and paper as he heard from Ibn Abbas.

Ibn Abbas
ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbbās (Arabic: عَبْد ٱللَّٰه ٱبْن عَبَّاس; c. 619 – 687 CE), also known as Ibn ʿAbbās, was one of the cousins of the prophet Muhammad.  He is considered to be the greatest mufassir of the Qur'an.

He was the son of Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, an uncle of Muhammad, and a nephew of Maymunah bint al-Harith, who later became Muhammad's wife. During the early struggles for the caliphate, he supported Ali, and was made governor of Basra. He withdrew to Mecca shortly afterwards. During the reign of Mu'awiya I he lived in Hejaz and often travelled to Damascus. After Mu'awiya I died in 680 CE he migrated to At-Ta'if, where he is resting from around 687 CE.

'Abd Allah ibn Abbas was highly regarded for his knowledge of traditions and his critical interpretation of the Qur'an. From early on, he gathered information from other companions of Muhammad and gave classes and wrote commentaries.
Science of photography
The science of photography is the use of chemistry and physics in all aspects of photography. This applies to the camera, its lenses, physical operation of the camera, electronic camera internals, and the process of developing film in order to take and develop pictures properly.

Single-lens reflex camera
In photography, a single-lens reflex camera (SLR) is a type of camera that uses a mirror and prism system to allow photographers to view through the lens and see exactly what will be captured. SLRs became the dominant design for professional and consumer-level cameras throughout the late 20th century, offering interchangeable lenses, through-the-lens (TTL) metering, and precise framing. Originating in the 1930s and popularized in the 1960s and 70s, SLR technology played a crucial role in the evolution of modern photography. Although digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) cameras succeeded film-based models, the rise of mirrorless cameras in the 2010s has led to a decline in SLR use and production. With twin lens reflex and rangefinder cameras, the viewed image could be significantly different from the final image. When the shutter button is pressed on most SLRs, the mirror flips out of the light path and allows light to pass through to the light receptor and the image to be captured.
CA-group
In mathematics, in the realm of group theory, a group is said to be a CA-group or centralizer abelian group if the centralizer of any non-identity element is an abelian subgroup.  Finite CA-groups are of historical importance as an early example of the type of classifications that would be used in the Feit–Thompson theorem and the classification of finite simple groups.  Several important infinite groups are CA-groups, such as free groups, Tarski monsters, and some Burnside groups, and the locally finite CA-groups have been classified explicitly.  CA-groups are also called commutative-transitive groups (or CT-groups for short) because commutativity is a transitive relation amongst the non-identity elements of a group if and only if the group is a CA-group.

Abelian group
In mathematics, an abelian group, also called a commutative group, is a group in which the result of applying the group operation to two group elements does not depend on the order in which they are written. That is, the group operation is commutative. With addition as an operation, the integers and the real numbers form abelian groups, and the concept of an abelian group may be viewed as a generalization of these examples. Abelian groups are named after the Norwegian mathematician Niels Henrik Abel.

The concept of an abelian group underlies many fundamental algebraic structures, such as fields, rings, vector spaces, and algebras. The theory of abelian groups is generally simpler than that of their non-abelian counterparts, and finite abelian groups are very well understood and fully classified.
Åkra, Vestland
Åkra is a village in Kvinnherad Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The village is located on the north side of the Åkrafjorden, about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) northeast of the village of Skånevik.

The village sits in the far southeastern corner of the municipality. It sits at the end of Norwegian County Road 5024, a road running from Dimmelsvik to Åkra where it ends. The village area is fairly isolated, with only one road in and out, sitting in a small valley with mountains and a fjord surrounding it. Åkra Church is located in the village.

Skånevik (village)
Skånevik is a village in Etne Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The village is located along the Skånevikfjorden, near the entrance to the Åkrafjorden. The village lies across the fjord from the village of Utåker in neighboring Kvinnherad Municipality. The municipal centre of Etnesjøen lies about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) straight south across a mountain, although one must drive about 22 kilometres (14 mi) around the mountain to get there.

The 0.95-square-kilometre (230-acre) village has a population (2025) of 562 and a population density of 592 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,530/sq mi).
Bay de Noc Township, Michigan
Bay de Noc Township is a civil township of Delta County in the U.S. state of Michigan.  As of the 2020 census, the township population was 300, slightly down from 305 at the 2010 census. The township covers the southern portion of the Stonington Peninsula separating Little Bay de Noc and Big Bay de Noc on Lake Michigan. The name is derived from the Noquet Indians.

Ensign Township is to the north and Escanaba is to the west across the Little Bay de Noc.

Escanaba, Michigan
Escanaba (/ˌɛskəˈnɑːbə/ ES-kə-NAH-bə), commonly shortened to Esky, is a port city in and the county seat of Delta County in the U.S. state of Michigan, located on Little Bay de Noc in the state's Upper Peninsula. The population was 12,450 at the 2020 census, making it the third-largest city in the Upper Peninsula after Marquette and Sault Ste. Marie.

There is also Escanaba Township, which is north of the city and is not adjacent to it, although a portion of the urban area around the city extends into the township. Both are named for the Escanaba River, which flows into the Little Bay de Noc of Lake Michigan just north of the city. The names are derived from the Ojibwa language.
Natchaug State Forest
Natchaug State Forest is a Connecticut state forest located in six towns including Ashford, Chaplin, and Eastford.  The Natchaug River runs from north to south along (and in a few cases through) the western border of the main forest parcel. James L. Goodwin State Forest abuts Natchaug State Forest to the south.  One of the forest units abuts Mashamoquet Brook State Park in Pomfret.

Mashamoquet Brook State Park
Mashamoquet Brook State Park (/mæʃˈmʌkɪt -/ mash-MUH-kit) is a public recreation area in the town of Pomfret, Connecticut. Notable features of the state park include the Wolf Den national historic site, the Brayton Grist Mill, and the Table Rock and Indian Chair natural stone formations. The state park offers facilities for camping, swimming, fishing, and picnicking. It is managed by the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection.
Post Office Protocol
In computing, the Post Office Protocol (POP) is an application-layer Internet standard protocol used by e-mail clients to retrieve e-mail from a mail server. Today, POP version 3 (POP3) is the most commonly used version. Together with IMAP, it is one of the most common protocols for email retrieval.

Kerberos (protocol)
Kerberos (/ˈkɜːrbərɒs/) is a computer-network authentication protocol that works on the basis of tickets to allow nodes communicating over a non-secure network to prove their identity to one another in a secure manner. Its designers aimed it primarily at a client–server model, and it provides mutual authentication—both the user and the server verify each other's identity. Kerberos protocol messages are protected against eavesdropping and replay attacks.

Kerberos builds on symmetric-key cryptography and requires a trusted third party, and optionally may use public-key cryptography during certain phases of authentication. Kerberos uses UDP port 88 by default.

The protocol was named after the character Cerberus, also spelled Kerberos, from Greek mythology, the ferocious three-headed guard dog of Hades.
Gmina Stryków
Gmina Stryków is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Zgierz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the town of Stryków, which lies approximately 15 kilometres (9 mi) north-east of Zgierz and 17 km (11 mi) north-east of the regional capital Łódź.

The gmina covers an area of 157.84 square kilometres (60.9 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 12,120 (of which the population of Stryków is 3,566, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 8,554).

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Łódź Hills Landscape Park.

Zgierz County
Zgierz County (Polish: powiat zgierski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Zgierz, which lies 9 kilometres (6 mi) north-west of the regional capital Łódź. The county contains four other towns: Ozorków, lying 16 km (10 mi) north-west of Zgierz, Aleksandrów Łódzki, lying 9 km (6 mi) south-west of Zgierz, Głowno, 24 km (15 mi) north-east of Zgierz, and Stryków, 15 km (9 mi) north-east of Zgierz.

The county covers an area of 853.71 square kilometres (329.6 sq mi). As of 2016, its total population is 165,206, out of which the population of Zgierz is 56,929, that of Ozorków is 19,809, that of Aleksandrów Łódzki is 21,380, that of Głowno is 14,534, that of Stryków is 3,477, and the rural population is 49,077.
John Bewick
John William Bewick (20 April 1824 – 29 October 1886) was an English prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Bishop of Hexham and Newcastle from 1882 to 1886.

Born in Ministeracres, Northumberland on 20 April 1824, he was ordained to the priesthood on 27 May 1850. He was appointed the Bishop of the Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle by the Holy See on 25 September 1882. His consecration to the Episcopate took place on 18 October 1882, the principal consecrator was Cardinal Henry Edward Manning, Archbishop of Westminster, and the principal co-consecrators were Archbishop Charles Petre Eyre of Glasgow and Bishop Robert Cornthwaite of Leeds.

He died in office in Tynemouth on 29 October 1886, aged 62,  and was buried at Ushaw College cemetery.

Catholicism portal

Henry Edward Manning
Henry Edward Manning (15 July 1808 – 14 January 1892) was an English prelate of the Catholic Church, and the second Archbishop of Westminster from 1865 until his death in 1892. He was ordained in the Church of England as a young man, but converted to Catholicism in the aftermath of the Gorham judgement.
Abner Wright
Abner M. Wright was an American businessman associated with the city of Chicago. Wright served as a member of the Chicago Board of Trade, and served as its president in 1886 and 1887.

Wright stood opposed to gambling interests which had partnered themselves with telegraph companies. Wright, at one point, "forcibly removed the instruments of the Postal Telegraph Company and the Baltimore and Ohio Telegraph Company from the floor of the exchange, literally throwing their equipment out of the building."

Wright was the unsuccessful Republican Party nominee in the 1879 Chicago mayoral election.

Chicago Board of Trade
41°52′40″N 87°37′56″W﻿ / ﻿41.877821°N 87.632285°W﻿ / 41.877821; -87.632285

The Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT) is an American futures and options exchange that was founded in 1848. It operated as an independent exchange for more than 150 years, before merging with its long-time rival the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) to form CME Group in 2007. It is now a designated contract market of the CME Group.

Since 1930 it has operated out of the Chicago Board of Trade Building, a landmark Art Deco skyscraper in the Chicago Loop.
The Good, the Bart, and the Loki
The Good, the Bart, and the Loki (also known as The Simpsons: The Good, the Bart, and the Loki) is an American animated short film based on the television series The Simpsons produced by Gracie Films and 20th Television Animation for Disney+. It is the fourth short film in The Simpsons franchise, and the second promotional short, after The Force Awakens from Its Nap (2021), that ties in with Disney+'s brands and titles. The Good, the Bart, and the Loki is directed by David Silverman and celebrates the Marvel Cinematic Universe, particularly its television series Loki, with Tom Hiddleston reprising his role as Loki. The short was released on July 7, 2021, on Disney+, alongside the fifth episode of Loki.

Post-credits scene
A post-credits scene (also known as a stinger, end tag, or credit cookie) is a short teaser clip that appears after the closing credits have rolled and sometimes after a production logo of a film, TV show, or video game has run. It is usually either written for humor or to set up a sequel.

Sometimes, one or more mid-credits scenes are also inserted partly through the closing credits, typically for the purpose of maintaining the audience's attention so they do not need to wait for the entire credits roll to finish for a teaser.
Gamma Boötis
Gamma Boötis is a binary star system in the northern constellation of Boötes the herdsman, forming the left shoulder of this asterism. Its name is a Bayer designation that is Latinised from γ Boötis, and abbreviated Gamma Boo or γ Boo. The primary component has the proper name Seginus, pronounced /sɪˈdʒaɪnəs/, the traditional name of the Gamma Bootis system. It has a white hue and is visible to the naked eye with a typical apparent visual magnitude of +3.03. Based on parallax measurements, it is located at a distance of 86 light-years, but is drifting closer to the Sun with a radial velocity of −32 km/s.

Washington Double Star Catalog
The Washington Double Star Catalog, or WDS, is a catalog of double stars, maintained at the United States Naval Observatory. The catalog contains positions, magnitudes, proper motions and spectral types and has entries for (as of January 2024) 157,012 pairs of double stars. The catalog also includes multiple stars. In general, a multiple star with n components will be represented by entries in the catalog for n−1 pairs of stars.