hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
String operations
In computer science, in the area of formal language theory, frequent use is made of a variety of string functions; however, the notation used is different from that used for computer programming, and some commonly used functions in the theoretical realm are rarely used when programming. This article defines some of these basic terms.

Syntactic monoid
In mathematics and computer science, the syntactic monoid  of a formal language  is the minimal monoid that recognizes the language . By the Myhill–Nerode theorem, the syntactic monoid is unique up to unique isomorphism.
James Robinson (Wisconsin politician)
James Robinson (January 5, 1828 – April 8, 1878) was an American merchant, Democratic politician, and Wisconsin pioneer.  He was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing Calumet County in the 1853, 1858, 1863, and 1870 sessions.

11th Wisconsin Legislature
The Eleventh Wisconsin Legislature convened from January 13, 1858, to March 17, 1858, in regular session.

Senators representing even-numbered districts were newly elected for this session and were serving the first year of a two-year term.  Assembly members were elected to a one-year term.  Assembly members and even-numbered senators were elected in the general election of November 3, 1857.  Senators representing odd-numbered districts were serving the second year of their two-year term, having been elected in the general election held on November 4, 1856.

The governor of Wisconsin during this entire term was Republican Alexander Randall, of Waukesha County, serving the first year of a two-year term, having won election in the 1857 Wisconsin gubernatorial election.
Oregon's 30th House district
District 30 of the Oregon House of Representatives is one of 60 House legislative districts in the state of Oregon. As of 2021, the district is located entirely within Washington County and includes Rockcreek, Helvetia, and West Union as well as eastern Hillsboro and the Hillsboro Airport. The current representative for the district is Democrat Nathan Sosa.

Oregon House of Representatives
The Oregon House of Representatives is the lower house of the Oregon Legislative Assembly, the upper house being the Oregon State Senate. There are 60 members of the House, representing 60 districts across the state, each with a population of approximately 65,000. The House meets in the west wing of the Oregon State Capitol in Salem.

Members of the House serve two-year terms without term limits. In 2002, the Oregon Supreme Court struck down Oregon Ballot Measure 3 (1992), that had restricted State Representatives to three terms (six years) on procedural grounds.

In the current legislative session, Democrats have 37 seats, a slim 2 seat supermajority, while the Republicans have a minority of 23 seats.
Robert Black (American football)
Robert Black is an American former football player and coach and current associate vice president for athletics for the Sewanee Tigers. He served as head football coach of Sewanee: The University of the South in Sewanee, Tennessee from 2007 and 2010, compiling a record of 4–34. He previously served as the defensive coordinator at Sewanee in addition to coaching at TMI — The Episcopal School of Texas and the Montgomery Bell Academy. Black was as Sewanee's 29th head football coach.

Sewanee: The University of the South
The University of the South, familiarly known as Sewanee (/səˈwɑːni/), is a private Episcopal liberal arts college in Sewanee, Tennessee, United States. It is owned by 28 southern dioceses of the Episcopal Church, and its School of Theology is an official seminary of the church. The campus (officially called "The Domain" or, affectionately, "The Mountain") consists of 13,000 acres (53 km2) of scenic mountain property atop the Cumberland Plateau, with the developed portion occupying about 1,000 acres (4.0 km2).
Iliokali
Iliokali  (Greek: Ηλιόκαλη, before 1927: Μορκιούς - Morkious) is a village and community in the municipal unit of Pamvotida, Ioannina regional unit, Greece. It is situated at the foot of the mountain Driskos, southeast of Lake Ioannina. The A2 Egnatia Odos motorway (Thessaloniki - Ioannina - Igoumenitsa) passes northwest of the village. Iliokali is 4 km southeast of Kastritsa and 11 km southeast of Ioannina. The community covers 3.30 km2 (1.27 sq mi) and is built in forests with many springs. It took its present name from the nearby Iliokali Monastery. Its inhabitants are mainly engaged in agriculture (livestock) and construction. It is known for its traditionally distilled tsipouro.

Pamvotida
Pamvotida (Greek: Παμβώτιδα) is a former municipality in the Ioannina regional unit, Epirus, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Ioannina, of which it is a municipal unit. It is named after the Lake of Ioannina, which is also known as Pamvotida. The municipal unit has an area of 138.616 km2. Population 10,963 (2021). The seat of the municipality was in Katsikas.
Eugène Dieudonné
Eugène Dieudonné (1884–1944) was a French anarchist and illegalist. He was a frequent visitor of the headquarters of L'Anarchie and accused of being a member of the Bonnot Gang. Despite Jules Bonnot and Octave Garnier exonerating him, he was accused and convicted of participating in the robbery of a Société Générale branch in Paris in 1912. Initially sentenced to death, his sentence was commuted to forced labor for life and he was sent to French Guiana, whence he was able to flee to Brazil in 1926. Journalists Albert Londres and Louis Roubaud secured his pardon and he returned to France where he spent the rest of his life as a furniture manufacturer.

Société Générale
Société Générale S.A. (French: [sɔsjete ʒeneʁal]), colloquially known in English-speaking countries as SocGen (pronounced [sɔk ʒɛn]), is a French multinational universal bank and financial services company founded in 1864. It is registered in downtown Paris and headquartered nearby in La Défense.

Société Générale is France's third largest bank by total assets after BNP Paribas and Crédit Agricole. It is also the sixth largest bank in Europe and the world's eighteenth. It is considered to be a systemically important bank by the Financial Stability Board. It has been designated as a Significant Institution since the entry into force of European Banking Supervision in late 2014, and as a consequence is directly supervised by the European Central Bank.

From 1966 to 2003 it was known as one of the Trois Vieilles ("Old Three") major French commercial banks, along with Banque Nationale de Paris (from 2000 BNP Paribas) and Crédit Lyonnais.
Tonight or Never (1931 film)
Tonight or Never is a 1931 American pre-Code comedy film directed by Mervyn LeRoy and starring Gloria Swanson, Melvyn Douglas (in his screen debut) and Boris Karloff. The film is inspired by the Hungarian play of the same name, written by Lili Hatvany and performed on Broadway between November 1930 and June 1931. The title is derived from the name of a perfume by Offenthal, released in 1927.

Melvyn Douglas
Melvyn Douglas (born Melvyn Edouard Hesselberg, April 5, 1901 – August 4, 1981) was an American actor, whose stage and screen careers spanned from the late 1920s until the early 1980s. He was one of 24 performers to win the Triple Crown of Acting - winning two Academy Awards (both in the Best Supporting Actor category), a Primetime Emmy Award, and a Tony Award.

He came to prominence in 1929 as a suave leading man, perhaps best typified by his performance in the romantic comedy Ninotchka (1939) with Greta Garbo, and appeared in many films during the Golden Age of Hollywood. Douglas later played mature and fatherly characters, as in his Oscar-winning performances in Hud (1963) and Being There (1979) and his Oscar–nominated performance in I Never Sang for My Father (1970). He won a Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play for Gore Vidal's play The Best Man (1960).
Philipp Schindler
Philipp Schindler is a senior vice president and chief business officer for Google, overseeing sales activities for Google and YouTube, technical and consumer support, business development and partnerships, as well as country operations across the world.

Chief business officer
A chief business officer (CBO) is a position of the top-operating executive of growing commercial companies or an academic/research institution (such as a university, college, institute, or teaching hospital).  In the commercial space, CBO shows leadership in deal-making experience with a clear record of results and ultimate transactional responsibility. In higher education, the titles of vice president, associate dean, assistant dean, and director are also used for the role of the chief business officer. The CBO generally reports to the chief executive officer (CEO).
Joseph Estlin Carpenter
Joseph Estlin Carpenter (5 October 1844 – 2 June 1927) was an English Unitarian minister, the Principal and then President of Manchester College, Oxford. He was an expert in Sanskrit and a pioneer in the study of comparative religion.

Harris Manchester College, Oxford
Harris Manchester College (HMC), officially Manchester Academy and Harris College, is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom.

It was founded in Warrington in 1757 as the Warrington Academy, a college for Unitarian students and moved to Oxford in 1893 . It became a full college of the university in 1996, taking its current name to commemorate its predecessor the Manchester Academy and a benefaction by Lord Harris of Peckham.

The college's postgraduate and undergraduate places are exclusively for students aged 21 years or over. With around 100 undergraduates and 150 postgraduates, Harris Manchester is the smallest undergraduate college in either of the Oxbridge universities.
Noriko Kamakura
Noriko Kamakura (鎌倉 矩子; September 29, 1939 – June 16, 2023):22 was a practitioner, researcher, and academic leader in occupational therapy. She was in the initial generation of people who became occupational therapists in Japan. She greatly influenced how occupational therapy developed in that country, contributing especially in clinical approaches to persons with central nervous disorders of executive functions. In addition, she explored function of the hand in enough detail to develop a system of taxonomies that can account for the vast majority of postures and movements of the hand.

Central nervous system disease
Central nervous system diseases or central nervous system disorders are a group of neurological disorders that affect the structure or function of the brain or spinal cord, which collectively form the central nervous system (CNS). These disorders may be caused by such things as infection, injury, blood clots, age related degeneration, cancer, autoimmune disfunction, and birth defects. The symptoms vary widely, as do the treatments.

Central nervous system tumors are the most common forms of pediatric cancer. Brain tumors are the most frequent and have the highest mortality.

Some disorders, such as substance addiction, autism, and ADHD may be regarded as CNS disorders, though the classifications are not without dispute.
Día de Enero
"Día de enero" (English: "Day in January") is a song written and recorded by the Colombian singer-songwriter Shakira. It was released as the third single from her sixth studio album, Fijación Oral Vol. 1, on January 19, 2006, by Epic Records. Written as a love letter to her then partner Antonio de la Rúa, the son of former president of Argentina, Fernando de la Rúa, the lyrics reference the controversy surrounding their relationship due to the Argentina's 2001 crisis during De la Rúa's presidency.

The love song was praised by music critics, who commended the song for its clever lyrics and sweetness, comparing her work to those of Alanis Morissette and Natalia Lafourcade. It became a success in Argentina, while also being a radio hit in the United States' Latin Pop Airplay chart, becoming her 20th top-ten hit. The music video for the song was directed by Shakira's longtime collaborator, Jaume de Laiguana, and it was shot in California, United States, portraiting a day in her life.

Billboard Latin pop charts
The Billboard Latin pop charts began in 1985 when an album chart were introduced as Latin Pop Albums in the June 29 issue of the magazine.  In October 1994, Billboard then established Latin Pop Airplay, which initially rank the most-played songs played on Latin pop radio stations before switching to a genre-based methodology in August 2020. As the music and radio industries, as well as the technology to monitor and measure sales and airplay, have evolved, Billboard currently publishes three different Latin pop charts. On April 8, 2025, Billboard debuted the Hot Latin Pop Songs chart, which ranks the best-performing Latin pop songs across streaming, digital, and airplay from all radio stations in the United States.

By "Latin pop", Billboard generally refers to the genre as Spanish-speaking pop music, including pop ballads, mid-tempo or up-tempo pop as well as "young pop sounds", "the new Spanish-language rock", pop-rhythmic and pop-dance tunes.
Josephine Irwin
Josephine Saxer Irwin (March 1, 1890 – September 15, 1984) was an American suffragist and educator. She worked with numerous suffrage organizations and was a strong advocate for the Equal Rights Amendment. Irwin was inducted into the Ohio Women's Hall of Fame in 1983.

Ohio Women's Hall of Fame
The Ohio Women's Hall of Fame was a program the State of Ohio's Department of Job and Family Services ran from 1978 through 2011. The Hall has over 400 members. In 2019, the Hall's physical archives and online records were transferred to the State Archives in the Ohio History Center.
Le Miroir à deux faces
Le Miroir à deux faces is a 1958 French crime drama film directed by André Cayatte who co-wrote screenplay with Gérard Oury, Jean Meckert and Denis Perret. The film stars Michèle Morgan, Bourvil and Ivan Desny. It was called The Mirror Has Two Faces in English, but this is not the literal translation; the word is à ("with") not a ("has"), and so would be better translated as The Two-Sided Mirror.

The film was loosely remade in the U.S. as The Mirror Has Two Faces (1996) adapted by Richard LaGravenese, and starring Barbra Streisand and Jeff Bridges.

Gérard Oury
Gérard Oury (French pronunciation: [ʒeʁaʁ uʁi]; born Max-Gérard Houry Tenenbaum; 29 April 1919 – 20 July 2006) was a French film director, actor and writer. He is best known for a number of comedies he directed and co-wrote between the 1960s and 1980s, most notably The Sucker (1965), Don't Look Now... We're Being Shot At! (1966), The Brain (1969), The Mad Adventures of Rabbi Jacob (1973), and Ace of Aces (1982).
2020 General Tire 150 (Phoenix)
The 2020 General Tire 150 was the second stock car race of the 2020 ARCA Menards Series, the first race of the 2020 Sioux Chief Showdown, and the inaugural iteration of the event. The race was held on Friday, March 6, 2020, in Avondale, Arizona at Phoenix Raceway, a 1 mile (1.6 km) permanent low-banked tri-oval race track. The race took the scheduled 150 laps to complete. Chandler Smith of Venturini Motorsports would take the final restart with two to go and hold off teammate Michael Self and a dominating Ty Gibbs to win his eighth career ARCA Menards Series win and his first of the season. To fill out the podium, Michael Self of Venturini Motorsports and Ty Gibbs of Joe Gibbs Racing would finish second and third, respectively.

Avondale, Arizona
Avondale is a city in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States, adjacent to Phoenix. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 89,334, up from 76,238 in 2010 and 35,883 in 2000.

Avondale, incorporated in 1946, has experienced rapid residential and commercial growth in the years since 1980. Once primarily a sparsely populated farming community with many acres of alfalfa and cotton fields, Avondale has transformed into a major bedroom suburb for Phoenix.
Keith Self
Keith Alan Self (born March 20, 1953) is an American politician, military veteran, and former judge who has been the United States representative for Texas's 3rd congressional district since 2023. He is a member of the Republican Party. From 2007 until 2018, he was the county judge for Collin County.

County judge
The term county judge is applied as a descriptor, sometimes as a title, for a person who presides over a county court.  In most cases, such as in Northern Ireland and the Victorian County Courts, a county judge is a judicial officer with civil or criminal jurisdiction.  In the United States, however, there are some "County Courts" which exercise primarily administrative functions, in which case the County Judge may exercise largely or solely executive authority and be equivalent to the county executive in other local government areas.
Leslie Bradbury
Leslie Bradbury (19 April 1938 – May 2020) was an English cricketer who played first-class cricket for Derbyshire in 1971.

Bradbury was born at Matlock, Derbyshire. His career for Derbyshire started in the Second XI team in 1968, when he debuted against Leicestershire. With four wickets on his debut, and an economical return, he served the Second XI well for the next three years without securing a place in the first team.

His only first-class appearance came in the 1971 season in May against Yorkshire when taking the position of number 11 batsman from team-mate Mike Hendrick, he bowled safely, but did not bat during the match.

Bradbury was a right-handed batsman and a right-arm medium-fast bowler, and wicket-keeper. He continued in the Second XI until 1973 maintaining a position of tailender batsman until the end of the 1973 season.

Mike Hendrick
Michael Hendrick (22 October 1948 – 26 July 2021) was an English cricketer, who played in thirty Tests and twenty-two One Day Internationals for England from 1973 to 1981. He played for Derbyshire from 1969 to 1981, and for Nottinghamshire from 1982 to 1984. He was a part of the English squad which finished as runners-up at the 1979 Cricket World Cup.

Cricket correspondent Colin Bateman remarked, "Hendrick was a lively fast-medium seam bowler who could produce plenty of bounce to trouble county batsmen. His 770 first-class wickets came at an impressive cost of just 20 apiece". Bateman added, "...he loved to pin batsmen down with his accuracy and force errors, and to do so he bowled negatively and slightly short – too short to take wickets consistently at the top level".
Stuck in a Dream
"Stuck in a Dream" is a song by American rapper Lil Mosey. It was released on September 17, 2019, as the second single from his second studio album Certified Hitmaker. The song features vocals from American rapper Gunna and production from Royce David. The single peaked at number 62 on the US Billboard Hot 100, becoming Mosey's highest-charting single until it was surpassed by "Blueberry Faygo". It has gone on to become one of Mosey's most popular songs, as well as his third most streamed song on Spotify, behind "Noticed" and "Blueberry Faygo".

Noticed (song)
"Noticed" is a song by American rapper Lil Mosey. It was released on July 20, 2018, and is the third single from Mosey's debut studio album Northsbest. Produced by Royce David, who produced most of the tracks on Northsbest, the song peaked at number 80 on the US Billboard Hot 100.  It was named one of the five hip hop singles to watch of fall 2018 by Forbes. The track was also noted for its lyrical references to and presence of lean on the cover art and in its video. "Noticed" has gone on to become one of Mosey's most popular songs, and is his second most streamed song on Spotify, only behind "Blueberry Faygo".
Norma Editorial
Norma Editorial is a Spanish comics publisher, with its headquarters in Barcelona.

Founded in 1977 by Rafael Martínez, Norma Editorial publishes both original Spanish comics (such as Miguelanxo Prado), Spanish translations of Japanese manga (such as work of Kia Asamiya, Clamp, Haruhiko Mikimoto, Katsuhiro Otomo, and Masamune Shirow) as well as Spanish translations of American or European comics and graphic novels (including works of Will Eisner, Frank Miller, Dave Gibbons, Enki Bilal, Hugo Pratt, Manu Larcenet, Joann Sfar, Lewis Trondheim).

Hugo Pratt
Ugo Eugenio Prat (15 June 1927 – 20 August 1995), better known as Hugo Pratt, was an Italian comic book creator who was known for combining strong storytelling with extensive historical research on works such as Corto Maltese. He was inducted into the Will Eisner Award Hall of Fame in 2005, and was awarded the 15th anniversary special Grand Prix de la ville d'Angoulême at the Angoulême Festival. In 1946 Hugo Pratt became part of the so-called Group of Venice with Fernando Carcupino, Dino Battaglia and Damiano Damiani.
Rodger Ward
Rodger Morris Ward (January 10, 1921 – July 5, 2004) was an American racing driver best known for his open-wheel career. He is generally regarded as one of the finest drivers of his generation, and is best known for winning two National Championships, and two Indianapolis 500s, both in 1959 and 1962. He also won the AAA National Stock Car Championship in 1951.

AAA Contest Board
The AAA Contest Board was the motorsports arm of the American Automobile Association. The contest board sanctioned automobile races from 1904 until 1955, establishing American Championship car racing. Modern-day Indy car racing traces its roots directly to these AAA events.

All of the races at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway during that time period were sanctioned by AAA, including the Indianapolis 500. AAA sanctioned the 1905 National Motor Car Championship, the first national championship for major auto racing. It resumed the National Championship in 1916, and again from 1920 to 1955. It also sanctioned the Vanderbilt Cup.

The AAA Contest Board dissolved and decided to focus strictly on helping the automobiling public as a result of the 1955 Le Mans disaster.
Osmer Morales
Osmer Eduardo Morales (born October 30, 1992) is a Venezuelan professional baseball pitcher for the Caciques de Distrito of the Venezuelan Major League. He has previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Los Angeles Angels.

Caciques de Distrito
The Caciques de Distrito (English: Distrito Chieftains) are a Venezuelan professional baseball team competing in the Venezuelan Major League. Based in Caracas, the team represents the Capital District and plays its home games at Estadio Universitario. Established in 2022, the Caciques have posted a losing record in each of their first three seasons.
Lollipop (BigBang and 2NE1 song)
"Lollipop" is a song by South Korean groups Big Bang and 2NE1, released under YG Entertainment on March 27, 2009. Created to promote a cellphone by LG Cyon, it interpolates the 1958 hit "Lollipop" written by Julius Dixson and Beverly Ross. The song achieved the top spot on various online charts, including a four week run at number one on music portal Mnet. "Lollipop" was used to debut 2NE1 unofficially, as it does not serve as their debut single. 2NE1 followed up with their official debut single "Fire".

YG Entertainment
YG Entertainment (Korean: YG 엔터테인먼트) is a South Korean multinational entertainment agency established in 1996 by Yang Hyun-suk. The company operates as a record label, talent agency, music production company, event management and concert production company, and music publishing house. In addition, the company operates a number of subsidiary ventures under a separate public traded company, YG Plus, which includes a clothing line, a golf management agency, and a cosmetics brand. However, despite various business expansions, most of the ventures were discontinued due to a lack of profitability.

Current artists include Eun Ji-won, Winner, Blackpink, Treasure, and Babymonster.

Former artists include Swi.T, Moogadang, Wheesung, 1TYM, Big Mama, Gummy, Seven, Nam Tae-hyun, 2NE1, Psy, Epik High, One, Lee Hi, Jinusean, Bang Yedam, Mashiho, iKon, Jisoo, Jennie, Rosé, Lisa, BigBang, Sechs Kies, and AKMU.