hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
French adverbs
Adverbs in French, like in English, are used to modify adjectives, other adverbs, and verbs or clauses. They do not display any inflection; that is, their form does not change to reflect their precise role, nor any characteristics of what they modify.

Adverb
An adverb is a word or an expression that generally modifies a verb, an adjective, another adverb, a determiner, a clause, a preposition, or a sentence. Adverbs typically express manner, place, time, frequency, degree, or level of certainty by answering questions such as how, in what way, when, where, to what extent. This is called the adverbial function and may be performed by an individual adverb, by an adverbial phrase, or by an adverbial clause.

Adverbs are traditionally regarded as one of the parts of speech. Modern linguists note that the term adverb has come to be used as a kind of "catch-all" category, used to classify words with various types of syntactic behavior, not necessarily having much in common except that they do not fit into any of the other available categories (noun, adjective, preposition, etc.).
Rajiv Chilaka
Rajiv Chilakalapudi, also known as Rajiv Chilaka and Sitarama Rajiv Chilakalapudi, is the founder and CEO of Hyderabad-based Green Gold Animations and the creator of a few cartoons including Krishna cartoon series and Chhota Bheem which has now been made into an animated series and films. For his work in presenting cartoons at affordable price, Chilaka was conferred with an honorary doctorate of humane letters by the Academy of Art University, San Francisco in 2016. He was the recipient of the 2013 School of Computing and Engineering Alumni Achievement Award at the University of Missouri - Kansas City.

Academy of Art University
The Academy of Art University (AAU, or ART U), formerly Academy of Art College and Richard Stephens Academy of Art, is a private for-profit art school in San Francisco, California. It was founded as the Academy of Advertising Art by Richard S. Stephens in 1929. The school is one of the largest property owners in San Francisco, with the main campus located on New Montgomery Street in the South of Market district.

In fall 2024, it had 121 full-time teachers, 485 part-time teaching staff, and 6,320 students; it claims to be the largest privately owned art and design school in the United States.
Jesse Feliciano
Jesse Feliciano (born September 20, 1982) is an American retired professional boxer.

In 2007, he lost to Kermit Cintrón for the International Boxing Federation welterweight world title.  The fight was on the Fernando Vargas v. Ricardo Mayorga Showtime PPV undercard.

Feliciano has defeated Vince Phillips, Delvin Rodriguez (for the USBA welterweight title), and Alfonso Gómez.  Feliciano has  a draw and loss to Gómez as well as losses to Willie Nelson, Demetrius Hopkins, Carlos Quintana, Mike Arnaoutis, and Muhammadqodir Abdullaev.

Vince Phillips
Vincent Edwards "Vince" Phillips (born July 23, 1963) is an American former professional boxer who competed from 1989 to 2007. He held the IBF junior welterweight title from 1997 to 1999, notably scoring an upset victory against then-undefeated Kostya Tszyu to become champion.
Marquis Yi of Cai
Marquis Yi of Cai (蔡夷侯) (died 809 BC), birth name unknown, was the seventh ruler of the State of Cai from 837 BC to 809 BC. He was the only known son of Marquis Wu of Cai (蔡武侯). His reign lasted for 28 years like his father's. He was succeeded by his son.

Marquis Wu of Cai
Marquis Wu of Cai (蔡武侯) (died 837 BC), birth nomen unknown ( his name is lost to history), was the sixth ruler of the State of Cai from 863 BC to 837 BC during the Gonghe Regency. He was the only known son of Marquis Lì of Cai (蔡厲侯), his predecessor. His reign lasted for 28 years. He was succeeded by his son.
Curl of the Burl
"Curl of the Burl" is a single by American heavy metal band Mastodon from their fifth studio album, The Hunter. It was released August 16, 2011, as the second single from the album. The single was the band's most successful song on the Mainstream Rock Songs chart at release, peaking at No. 15. It would eventually lose its title to Emperor of Sand's "Show Yourself". It was nominated for a 2011 Grammy Award in the category Best Hard Rock/Metal Performance.

Show Yourself (Mastodon song)
"Show Yourself" is a single by American progressive metal band Mastodon, off of their studio album Emperor of Sand. It peaked at number 4 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Songs chart in 2017, making it their highest-charting song to date.
Old Faithful Historic District
The Old Faithful Historic District in Yellowstone National Park comprises the built-up portion of the Upper Geyser Basin surrounding the Old Faithful Inn and Old Faithful Geyser. It includes the Old Faithful Inn, designed by Robert Reamer and is itself a National Historic Landmark, the upper and lower Hamilton's Stores, the Old Faithful Lodge, designed by Gilbert Stanley Underwood, the Old Faithful Snow Lodge, and a variety of supporting buildings.  The Old Faithful Historic District itself lies on the 140-mile Grand Loop Road Historic District.

A notable missing portion of the district is the Old Faithful Museum of Thermal Activity, which formed part of the trailside museum group that includes the Madison Museum, Norris Museum and Fishing Bridge Museum, all listed as National Historic Landmarks. The Old Faithful Museum was torn down in 1971 to make way for the Mission 66 visitor center, which in turn has been replaced by the Old Faithful Visitor Education Center.

Fishing Bridge Museum
The Fishing Bridge Museum is one of a series of "trailside museums" in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, United States, designed by architect Herbert Maier in a style that has become known as National Park Service Rustic.  It is one of three parts of a 1987-declared National Historic Landmark, the Norris, Madison, and Fishing Bridge Museums. It was not listed separately on the National Register of Historic Places as the other two were. Built in 1931, the Fishing Bridge Museum is the largest in the series, and is used as a small visitor center. The museum displays stuffed mounts of birds and animals found in Yellowstone Park.
Andrey Yatskin
Andrey Vladimirovich Yatskin (Russian: Андрей Владимирович Яцкин; born on 25 April 1969), is a Russian statesman and politician who is currently the First Deputy Chairman of the Federation Council since 23 September 2020, as well as the Senator of from the executive authority of Rostov Oblast since 21 September 2020.

He is an 1st class Active State Councillor of the Russian Federation, Candidate of Juridical Sciences, associate professor, and Honored Lawyer of Russia awarded in 2008.

Rostov Oblast
Rostov Oblast (Russian: Росто́вская о́бласть, romanized: Rostovskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [rɐˈstofskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located in the Southern Federal District. The oblast has an area of 100,967 square kilometers (38,984 sq mi) and a population of 4,200,729 (2021 Census), making it the sixth most populous federal subject in Russia. Its administrative center is the city of Rostov-on-Don, which also became the administrative center of the Southern Federal District in 2002.
2010–11 APOEL FC season
The 2010–11 season was APOEL's 71st season in the Cypriot First Division and 83rd year in existence as a football club.

The first training session for the season took place on June 14, 2010 at GSP Stadium. On June 20, the team left Cyprus and moved to Obertraun in Austria to perform the main stage of their pre-season training and returned to Cyprus on July 4, 2010.

The team finished 2nd in the Cypriot championship the previous season and as such entered the UEFA Europa League 2010–11 second qualifying round. During the 2010–11 season APOEL reached the Europa League Play-off round being eliminated by Getafe CF 2–1 on aggregate, eliminated in the 2nd round of Cypriot Cup by Apollon 3–1 on aggregate, but finished the season with an emphatic way by winning the Championship four games before the end of the season, creating that day an advantage of 15 points from its main competitor and arch rivals Omonoia.

2010–11 Cypriot Cup
The 2010–11 Cypriot Cup was the 69th edition of the Cypriot Cup. A total of 28 clubs entered the competition. It began on 10 November 2010 with the first round and concluded on 18 May 2011 with the final which was held at GSZ Stadium. Omonia won their 13th Cypriot Cup trophy after beating Apollon 4–3 on penalties in the final.
Leona (film)
Leona is a 2018 Mexican drama film and the feature film directorial debut of Isaac Cherem. It was written by Cherem and Naian González Norvind. González Norvind also stars as the protagonist as a young Jewish woman in Mexico City that falls for a non-Jewish man, Iván (Christian Vazquez).

The film premiered at the Morelia International Film Festival on 22 October 2018. The film also featured in the schedule of several international Jewish film festivals such as Philadelphia Jewish Film Festival, Atlanta Jewish Film Festival, Poland's Jewish Motifs International Film Festival and the UK Jewish Film Festival. According to Cherem, the film was released in Mexican cinemas in October 2019 followed by a North American theatrical release by Menemsha Films between the next year and 2021.

Morelia International Film Festival
The Morelia International Film Festival (Spanish: Festival Internacional de Cine de Morelia; FICM) was founded in 2003 in the city of Morelia, Michoacán, México. It is an annual event that takes place during the second week of October.

FICM emerged as a need to create a unique meeting point in México for the cinematographic community, the people of Michoacán, and international filmmakers. The festival's goal is to establish a forum to promote up-and-coming Mexican cinema talents, to create incentives and cultural opportunities for the Mexican and international public, and to display the cultural richness of the state of Michoacán.

The festival has achieved notable prestige and prominence in Mexico as a result of its outreach and growth. It is rapidly becoming known in other parts of the world for its uniqueness and quality.
Pony Express (film)
Pony Express is a 1953 American Western film directed by Jerry Hopper, filmed in Kanab, Utah, and starring Charlton Heston as Buffalo Bill, Forrest Tucker as Wild Bill Hickok, Jan Sterling as a Calamity Jane-type character, and Rhonda Fleming. The story is largely based on the 1925 silent film The Pony Express while the threat of a Californian secession is taken from Frontier Pony Express (1939).

The film is an historical account of the formation of the Pony Express rapid transcontinental mail delivery in the United States in 1860–1861. Although it gives no credit to the real founders of the Pony Express, Buffalo Bill Cody did ride for them, having signed up when he was 15 years old.

The Pony Express (1925 film)
The Pony Express is a 1925 American silent Western film produced by Famous Players–Lasky and distributed by Paramount Pictures. The film was directed by James Cruze and starred his wife, Betty Compson, along with Ricardo Cortez, Wallace Beery, and George Bancroft. Prints of this film survive, and it has been released on DVD.
2003 Nigerian Senate elections in Ekiti State
The 2003 Nigerian Senate election in Ekiti State was held on April 12, 2003, to elect members of the Nigerian Senate to represent Ekiti State. Clement Awoyelu representing Ekiti Central and Bode Olowoporoku representing Ekiti South won on the platform of Peoples Democratic Party, while James Kolawole representing Ekiti North won on the platform of the Alliance for Democracy.

Alliance for Democracy (Nigeria)
The Alliance for Democracy(AD) is a progressive opposition political party in Nigeria.  It was formed on 9 September 1998.  At the 2003 legislative elections, the party won 8.8% of the popular vote and 34 out of 360 seats in the Nigerian House of Representatives and 18 out of 109 seats in the Nigerian Senate.  The party was reportedly formed to shore up the stake of the Yoruba people in the Nigerian federation following the annulment of the June 12, 1993 presidential election widely believed to have been won by Chief M. K. O. Abiola, a Yoruba businessman and tycoon.

In 2007, Chief Dr. Christopher Ajuwa, from the Niger Delta region, ran for President of Nigeria under the AD.

The party was embroiled in a leadership tussle between Mojisola Akinfenwa and Adebisi Akande, which lingered until September 2006 when the 'Bisi Akande faction merged with other opposition parties to form the Action Congress party.
Apology (horse)
Apology (1871–1888) was a British Thoroughbred racemare who was the third winner of the Fillies' Triple Crown, winning The Oaks, 1,000 Guineas Stakes and St. Leger Stakes in 1874. Apology was bred and owned by the Reverend John William King, the vicar of Ashby de la Launde, whose ownership of the mare caused a minor scandal in the Church of England after Apology won the St. Leger Stakes. King ultimately had to resign his clerical appointments due to the scandal and died shortly thereafter of a chronic illness. Apology raced until she was five years old, winning the Ascot Gold Cup in 1876. She was retired from racing at the end of 1876 to become a broodmare initially for the widow of John King, and then for Clare Vyner. Apology was euthanised in 1888 after an extended illness.

Epsom Oaks
The Oaks Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to three-year-old fillies. It is run at Epsom Downs over a distance of 1 mile, 4 furlongs and 6 yards (2,420 metres), about 1½ miles, and it is scheduled to take place each year in late May or early June. It is the second-oldest of the five Classic races, after the St Leger. Officially the Betfred Oaks, it is also popularly known as simply The Oaks. It has increasingly come to be referred to as the Epsom Oaks in both the UK and overseas countries, although 'Epsom' is not part of the official title of the race.

It is the third of Britain's five Classic races to be held during the season, and the second of two restricted to fillies. It can also serve as the middle leg of the Fillies Triple Crown, preceded by the 1000 Guineas and followed by the St Leger, although the feat of winning all three is rarely attempted.
Psilocybe subheliconiae
Psilocybe subheliconiae is a species of psilocybin mushroom in the family Hymenogastraceae. Described as new to science in 2004, it is found in Colombia, where it grows on the rhizomes of Araceae plants.

Psilocybin mushroom
Psilocybin mushrooms, or psilocybin-containing mushrooms, commonly known as magic mushrooms or as shrooms, are a type of hallucinogenic mushroom and a polyphyletic informal group of fungi that contain the prodrug psilocybin, which turns into the psychedelic psilocin upon ingestion. The most potent species are members of genus Psilocybe, such as P. azurescens, P. semilanceata, and P. cyanescens, but psilocybin has also been isolated from approximately a dozen other genera, including Panaeolus (including Copelandia), Inocybe, Pluteus, Gymnopilus, and Pholiotina.

Amongst other cultural applications, psilocybin mushrooms are used as recreational drugs. Psilocybin mushrooms were used ritualistically in pre-Columbian Mexico, but evidence of more widespread ancient use is limited.
Crystal Johnson (singer)
Crystal Johnson is an American singer and songwriter from Brooklyn, New York.  She has performed in a variety of stage productions and has collaborated with a wide array of well-known artists including Anthony Hamilton, Dr. Dre, Heavy D, Mobb Deep, Pete Rock & CL Smooth, Angie Stone, Usher and many others.

Pete Rock & CL Smooth
Pete Rock & CL Smooth were an American hip hop duo from Mount Vernon, New York. They made their debut with their 1991 EP, All Souled Out and followed that with their 1992 LP Mecca and the Soul Brother.
Color model
In color science, a color model is an abstract mathematical model describing the way colors can be represented as tuples of numbers, typically as three or four values or color components. It differs from a color space in that a color model is not absolute, that is, there is no way to map a color within a color model to a point in a color space.

This article describes ways in which human color vision can be modeled, and discusses some of the models in common use.

Subtractive color
Subtractive color or subtractive color mixing predicts the spectral power distribution of light after it passes through successive layers of partially absorbing media. This idealized model is the essential principle of how dyes and pigments are used in color printing and photography, where the perception of color is elicited after white light passes through microscopic "stacks" of partially absorbing media, allowing some wavelengths of light to reach the eye and not others. It is also a concept seen in painting, wherein the colors are mixed or applied in successive layers, though predicting realistic results (such as blue and yellow mixing to produce green instead of gray) requires more complex models such as Kubelka–Munk theory.
Culiacán
Culiacán, officially Culiacán Rosales, is the capital and largest city of Sinaloa in northwestern Mexico.  It is located within the Culiacán Municipality. The city was founded on 29 September 1531 by the Spanish conquistadors Lázaro de Cebreros and Nuño Beltrán de Guzmán originally under the name "Villa de San Miguel", in honor of its patron saint Michael the Archangel.

According to the 2020 INEGI census, Culiacán had an estimated population of 808,416, making it the 21st most populous city in Mexico. Its metropolitan area, with a population of 1,003,530, was the 17th most populous metropolitan area in Mexico.

The city sits in a valley on the slopes of the Sierra Madre Occidental, at the confluence of the Tamazula and Humaya Rivers, where both join to form the Culiacán River 55 meters above sea level.

Sierra Madre Occidental
The Sierra Madre Occidental is a major mountain range system which runs northwest–southeast through northwestern and western Mexico, and along the Gulf of California. The Sierra Madre is part of the American Cordillera, an almost continuous chain of mountain ranges that forms the western "backbone" of the Americas.
Meinen Jesum laß ich nicht, BWV 124
Meinen Jesum laß ich nicht (I will not let go of my Jesus), BWV 124, is a church cantata written by Johann Sebastian Bach. He composed it in Leipzig for the first Sunday after the Epiphany and first performed it on 7 January 1725. It is based on the hymn "Meinen Jesum laß ich nicht" by Christian Keymann.

The cantata is part of Bach's chorale cantata cycle, the second cycle during his tenure as Thomaskantor that began in 1723. In the style of the cycle, an unknown poet retained the outer stanzas for framing choral movements and paraphrased the inner stanzas into four movements for soloists, alternating recitatives and arias. Bach scored the work for four vocal soloists, a four-part choir and a Baroque instrumental ensemble of a horn to play the cantus firmus with the soprano, oboe d'amore, strings and basso continuo.

Baroque instruments
Musical instruments used in Baroque music were partly used already before, partly are still in use today, but with no technology. The movement to perform music in a historically informed way, trying to recreate the sound of the period, led to the use of historic instruments of the period and to the reconstruction of instruments.

The following table lists instruments, classified as brass instruments, woodwinds, strings, and basso continuo. The continuous bass is played by a group of instruments, depending on the given situation. Many instruments have an Italian or French name which is used as a common name also in English. The use of instruments by composers is shown in examples mostly by Johann Sebastian Bach.
English Cocker Spaniel
The English Cocker Spaniel is a breed of gun dog. It is noteworthy for producing one of the most varied numbers of pups in a litter among all dog breeds. The English Cocker Spaniel is an active, good-natured, sporting dog standing well up at the withers and compactly built. There are "field" or "working" cockers and "house" cockers. It is one of several varieties of spaniel and is the foundation of its American cousin, the American Cocker Spaniel. The English Cocker is closer to the working-dog form of the Field Spaniel and the English Springer Spaniel. English Cocker Spaniels are also known as the "Merry Spaniel" due to their constantly wagging tails.

Outside the US, the breed is usually known simply as the Cocker Spaniel, as is the American Cocker Spaniel within the US. The OED states that the word cocker is derived from the fact the breed was used to flush woodcocks.

Spaniel
A spaniel is a type of gun dog. Spaniels were especially bred to flush game out of denser brush. By the late 17th century, spaniels had been specialized into water and land breeds. The extinct English Water Spaniel was used to retrieve water fowl shot down with arrows. Land spaniels were setting spaniels—those that crept forward and pointed their game, allowing hunters to ensnare them with nets, and springing spaniels — those that sprang pheasants and partridges (for hunting with falcon) and also rabbits and smaller mammals such as rats and mice (for hunting with greyhounds). During the 17th century, the role of the spaniel dramatically changed as Englishmen began hunting with flintlocks for wing shooting. Charles Goodall and Julia Gasow (1984) write that spaniels were "transformed from untrained, wild beaters, to smooth, polished gun dogs."

The word "spaniel" would seem to be derived from the medieval French espaigneul—"Spanish"—to modern French, espagnol.
Paleoconservatism
Paleoconservatism is a political philosophy and a strain of conservatism in the United States stressing American nationalism, Christian ethics, traditionalist conservatism, localism and non-interventionism. Paleoconservatism's concerns overlap with those of the Old Right that opposed the New Deal in the 1930s and 1940s as well as with paleolibertarianism.

The term paleoconservative was coined by Paul Gottfried in the 1980s to refer to American conservatives who had opposed the Vietnam War, in contrast to neoconservatives who had supported the war. Paleoconservatives press for restrictions on immigration, a rollback of multicultural programs and large-scale demographic change, the decentralization of federal policy, the restoration of controls upon free trade, a greater emphasis upon economic nationalism, and non-intervention in the politics of foreign nations.

Localism (politics)
Localism is a range of political philosophies which prioritize the local over the national or international. Generally, localism supports local production and consumption of goods, local control of government, and promotion of local history, local culture and local identity. Localism can be contrasted with regionalism and centralized government, with its opposite being found in unitarism.

Localism can also refer to a systematic approach to organizing a central government so that local autonomy is retained rather than following the usual pattern of government and political power becoming centralized over time.

On a conceptual level, there are important affinities between localism and deliberative democracy. This concerns mainly the democratic goal of engaging citizens in decisions that affect them. Consequently, localism will encourage stronger democratic and political participatory forums and widening public sphere connectivity.