hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Regional Council of Governments
The Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Regional Council of Governments (OKI) is a council of governments in the Cincinnati metropolitan area. It also serves as the region's federally mandated metropolitan planning organization, serving Butler, Clermont, Hamilton and Warren Counties in Ohio; Boone, Campbell and Kenton Counties in Kentucky; and Dearborn County in Indiana.

Cincinnati metropolitan area
The Cincinnati metropolitan area (also known as the Cincinnati Tri-State area or Greater Cincinnati) is a metropolitan area with its core in Ohio and Kentucky. Its largest city is Cincinnati and includes surrounding counties in the U.S. states of Ohio, Kentucky, and Indiana.

The United States Census Bureau's formal name for the area is the Cincinnati, OH–KY–IN Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2020 U.S. census, the metro area had a population of 2,256,884, making Greater Cincinnati the 30th-most populous metropolitan area in the United States, and the largest metro area in Ohio, followed by Columbus and Cleveland. The Cincinnati–Wilmington, OH–KY–IN Combined Statistical Area, adds Clinton County, Ohio (defined as the Wilmington, OH micropolitan area) and, until 2023, Mason County, Kentucky (defined as the Maysville, KY micropolitan area), was part of the CSA. The Cincinnati metropolitan area is considered part of the Great Lakes megalopolis.
Laurie Adams
Laurence Edward Adams (14 February 1931 – 29 April 2024) was an English footballer, who played for Watford as an inside left. Born in Barnet (then part of Hertfordshire), he made his sole Football League appearance while doing his National Service. Under the management of Haydn Green, Adams played a full match on 23 February 1952, as Watford defeated Walsall 2–0 in front of a crowd of 8,909 at Vicarage Road. He turned professional upon leaving the army, but did not play another senior game, and left the club at the end of the 1952–53 season. Although at that time professional players were not normally allowed to play amateur football again, Adams subsequently played for Whipton as a permit player in 1955. Adams died on 29 April 2024, at the age of 93.

Haydn Green
Adrian "Haydn" Green (18 March 1887 – 8 February 1957) was an English football player and manager. After playing for Nottingham Forest, Manchester United, Aston Villa, Newport County and Reading, he went on to manage Ebbw Vale, Bangor, Hull City, Swansea Town and Watford.

At Hull City, whom he managed from May 1931 until March 1934, Green maintained a winning percentage of 49.59%.
Euro gold and silver commemorative coins (Germany)
This article covers euro gold and silver commemorative coins issued in Germany. It also covers rare cases of collectors coins (coins not planned for normal circulation) minted using other precious metals. It does not cover either the German €2 commemorative coins or the Pre-Euro German Currencies. For euro gold and silver commemorative coins of other countries see Euro gold and silver commemorative coins.

Euro gold and silver commemorative coins
European Union member states

21 in the eurozone
  1 in ERM II, with an opt-out (Denmark)
  5 not in ERM II, but committed to join the eurozone after meeting the convergence criteria (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Sweden)

Non–EU member states

4 using the euro with a monetary agreement (Andorra, Monaco, San Marino, and Vatican City)
  2 using the euro unilaterally (Kosovo and Montenegro)

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Gold and silver issues of the euro commemorative coins are collectors' euro coins not primarily intended for general circulation; the commemoratives also include rare cases of bimetal collector coins, such as titanium and niobium.
Kis language
Kis is an Oceanic language of East Sepik Province in Papua New Guinea. It is spoken to the southeast of Samap village (3°44′16″S 143°55′59″E﻿ / ﻿3.737823°S 143.933158°E﻿ / -3.737823; 143.933158﻿ (Samap 1)) in Turubu Rural LLG, East Sepik Province.

East Sepik Province
East Sepik is a province in Papua New Guinea. Its capital is Wewak. East Sepik has an estimated population of 450,530 people (2011 census) and is 43,426 km square in size. Its density is 10.4 people per square kilometer.
Muhkam Singh
Raja Muhkam Singh was a chieftain and son of Churaman. He succeeded his father to the leadership of  Bharatpur from 20 September 1721 to 18 November 1722.  Fransoo, while giving the genealogy of the Bharatpur rulers, mentions him as the first Raja, who set up his Raj at Thoon (in Bharatpur in modern day Rajasthan, India). It appears, however, that he himself adopted the title of the Raja.

Bharatpur State
Bharatpur was a princely state under British suzerainty. It was ruled by the Sinsinwar clan of the Hindu Jats. The state was founded by Maharaja Badan Singh in 1722. Suraj Mal played an important role in the development and expansion of the state. During Suraj Mal's reign  (1755–1763), the annual revenue of the state was 17,500,000 gold coins.

Under Suraj Mal leadership, the major architecture of this state include the Lohagarh Fort, Deeg Palace and the Keoladeo National Park, a royal hunting reserve, is a World Heritage Site.
Coffee percolator
A coffee percolator is a type of pot used for the brewing of coffee by continually cycling the boiling or nearly boiling brew through the grounds using gravity until the required strength is reached. The grounds are held in a perforated metal filter basket.

Coffee percolators once enjoyed great popularity but were supplanted in the early 1970s by automatic drip-brew coffeemakers. Percolators often expose the grounds to higher temperatures than other brewing methods, and may recirculate already brewed coffee through the beans. As a result, coffee brewed with a percolator is particularly susceptible to overextraction. However, percolator enthusiasts maintain that the potential pitfalls of this brewing method can be eliminated by careful control of the brewing procedures.

Percolation
In physics, chemistry, and materials science, percolation (from Latin  percolare 'to filter, trickle through', first coined in the 1840s by Edward Loysel) refers to the movement and filtering of fluids through porous materials. It is not described by Darcy's law. Broader applications have since been developed that cover connectivity of many systems modeled as lattices or graphs, analogous to connectivity of lattice components in the filtration problem that modulates capacity for percolation.
Emily Anne Staples
Emily Anne Staples Tuttle (née Mayer; May 3, 1929 – January 13, 2018) was an American politician.

Born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, she earned her bachelor's degree from the University of Minnesota in 1950 and her master's degree in public administration from the John F. Kennedy School of Government in 1981. Originally a member of the Republican Party, in 1973, she switched to the Democratic Party. From 1977 to 1981, she served in the Minnesota Senate. In 1990, she unsuccessfully ran for the DFL nomination for Lieutenant Governor, with Mike Hatch in 1990. She served on the Hennepin County Board of Commissioners from 1993 to 1995. In 1954, she married Loring M. Staples Jr. who died in 1988; in 1995, Staples married Gedney Tuttle. Emily Anne Staples Tuttle, aged 88, died on January 13, 2018, at United Hospital, in Saint Paul, Minnesota.

Mike Hatch
Michael Alan Hatch (born November 12, 1948) is an American politician and lawyer. He was the Attorney General of Minnesota from 1999 to 2007, commissioner of the Minnesota Department of Commerce from 1983 to 1989, and chair of the Minnesota DFL Party from 1980 to 1983.
1928 Bluefield Big Blue football team
The 1928 Bluefield Big Blue football team was an American football team that represented the Bluefield Institute (now known as Bluefield State College) during the 1928 college football season.

In its fourth season under head coach Harry R. Jefferson, the team compiled an 8–0–1 record. Bluefield was the defending 1927 black college national champion, became known as the "Wonder Team", and was again recognized as the 1928 black college national champion. The team played its home games in the Beceye Bowl in Bluefield, West Virginia.

Key players included tackle Ted Gallion and quarterback Herbert Cain. Jimmy Moore was the assistant coach.

Black college football national championship
The Black college football national championship, also named the HBCU football championship, is a national championship honor that, since 1920, has been regularly bestowed upon the best college football teams among historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) within the United States. The 2025 HBCU football champions are the South Carolina State Bulldogs.
Korşirmat
Shir Muhammad-bek Gazi, also known as Mahmud-Bek also known under the nickname Korshirmat (1895, Garbaba, Fergana – March 10, 1970) was a prominent figure of the Basmachi Movement in exile since 1923, the first head of the Turkestan Union during the Great Patriotic War with the support of the Abwehr to restore the insurrectionary movement in Turkestan. He was of Uzbek origin.

Sayyid Mir Muhammad Alim Khan
Emir Sayyid Mir Muhammad Alim Khan (Chagatai and Persian: سید میر محمد عالم خان, 3 January 1880 – 28 April 1944) was the last emir of the Uzbek Manghit dynasty, rulers of the Emirate of Bukhara in Central Asia, Although Bukhara was a protectorate of the Russian Empire from 1873, the Emir presided over the internal affairs of his emirate as an absolute monarch and reigned from 3 January 1911 to 30 August 1920.
Caustic Graphics
Caustic Graphics was a computer graphics and fabless semiconductor company that developed technologies to bring real-time ray-traced computer graphics to the mass market.

The company name derived from an optical effect caused by the concentration of light on to a surface resulting from focusing through reflection or refraction phenomena.

Caustic was founded on the premise that realistic 3D graphics would be easier to create if GPU hardware were as efficient at processing a ray as processing a vertex or fragment using existing rasterisation methods.

Fabless manufacturing
Fabless manufacturing is the design and sale of hardware devices and semiconductor chips while outsourcing their fabrication (or fab) to a specialized manufacturer called a semiconductor foundry. These foundries are typically, but not exclusively, located in mainland China and Taiwan. Fabless companies can benefit from lower capital costs while concentrating their research and development resources on the end market. Some fabless companies and pure play foundries (like TSMC) may offer integrated-circuit design services to third parties.
Laughing Bill Hyde
Laughing Bill Hyde is a lost 1918 American adventure film directed by Hobart Henley and written by Willard Mack. The film stars Will Rogers, Anna Lehr, Clarence Oliver, Joseph Herbert, Robert Conville, and Dan Mason. The film was released on September 22, 1918, by Goldwyn Pictures. It was filmed at the Fort Lee studios.

Goldwyn Pictures
Goldwyn Pictures Corporation was an American motion picture production company that operated from 1916 to 1924 when it was merged with two other production companies to form the major studio, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. It was founded on November 19, 1916, by Samuel Goldfish (who later changed his name to Goldwyn), an executive at Lasky's Feature Play Company, and Broadway producer brothers Edgar and Archibald Selwyn, using an amalgamation of both last names to name the company.

The studio proved moderately successful, but became most famous due to its iconic Leo the Lion trademark. Although Metro was the nominal survivor, the merged studio inherited Goldwyn's old facility in Culver City, California, where it would remain until 1986. The merged studio also retained Goldwyn's Leo the Lion logo.

Lee Shubert of The Shubert Organization was an investor in the company.
Gajahwong
Gajahwong is an passenger train with the executive, premium economy, and priority class that is operated by Kereta Api Indonesia which between Pasar Senen and Lempuyangan, the trip around 512 km (318 mil) in 7 hours 53 minutes.

The Gajahwong train journey to Jakarta (Pasar Senen) is done at night, while the journey to Yogyakarta (Lempuyangan) is done in the morning—this train is the opposite of the Bogowonto train.

Kereta Api Indonesia
PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) (lit. 'Indonesian Railways (State-owned) Limited', KAI) is the main state-owned railway operator of Indonesia. KAI provides intercity passenger services directly, while its subsidiaries provide commuter rail services (KAI Commuter), airport link services (KAI Bandara), freight rail services (KAI Logistik), as well as infrastructure maintenance (KAI Services). KAI also operates in other sectors, such as properties management (KAI Properti) and tourism (KAI Wisata). KAI also has indirect control of Whoosh through its ownership of a majority of shares in PT Pilar Sinergi BUMN Indonesia (PSBI), another state-owned enterprise of Indonesia.

KAI operates on the islands of Sumatra, Java, and Sulawesi, with a total of 6,945 kilometres (4,315 mi) of tracks. Also holds track-assets and planned services on Madura Island. In 2024, KAI carried 505 million passengers and 73.5 million tonnes of cargo, earning Rp 36.1 trillion in revenue.
Mittelweser (Samtgemeinde)
Mittelweser is a Samtgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the district of Nienburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Its seat is in the village Stolzenau. It was formed on 1 November 2011 when the municipality Stolzenau joined the former Samtgemeinde Landesbergen.

As of 2025, the collective municipality has approximately 16,000 residents.

The Samtgemeinde Mittelweser consists of the following municipalities:

Estorf

Husum

Landesbergen

Leese

Stolzenau

Nienburg (district)
Nienburg (German: [ˈniːn.ˌbʊʁk] ⓘ) is a district (Landkreis) in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is bounded by (from the west and clockwise) the districts of Diepholz, Verden, Heidekreis, Hanover and Schaumburg, and by the state of North Rhine-Westphalia (district of Minden-Lübbecke).
Copyright law of the Philippines
A copyright is the legal protection extended to the owner of the rights in an original work. Original work refers to every production in the literary, scientific, and artistic domains. The Intellectual Property Office (IPOPHL) is the leading agency responsible for handling the registration and conflict resolution of intellectual property rights and to enforce the copyright laws. IPOPHL was created by virtue of Republic Act No. 8293 or the Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines which took effect on January 1, 1998, under the presidency of Fidel V. Ramos.

In the Intellectual Property (IP) Code of the Philippines, literary and artistic works include books, writings, musical works, films, paintings, and other works including computer programs.

Works are created on the sole fact of their very creation - regardless of their mode or form of expression as well as their content, the quality of said content, and purpose.

Supreme Court of the Philippines
The Supreme Court (Filipino: Kataas-taasang Hukuman), colloquially referred to as the Korte Suprema (also used in formal writing), is the highest court in the Philippines. It was established by the Taft Commission in June 11, 1901, through the enactment of Act No. 136, which abolished the Real Audiencia of Manila, the predecessor of the Supreme Court.

The Supreme Court compound is located in what was formerly a part of the University of the Philippines Manila campus. It occupies the corner of Padre Faura Street and Taft Avenue in Ermita, Manila, with the main building sited directly in front of Philippine General Hospital's cancer institute.
Fred Rosser
Frederick Douglas Rosser III (born November 2, 1983) is an American professional wrestler and trainer. He is signed to New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW), where primarily performs on the Strong brand. He is also a trainer at the NJPW Academy and a former Strong Openweight Champion. He is best known for his time with WWE under the ring name Darren Young.

Prior to signing with WWE, Rosser competed in Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic independent promotions including Chaotic Wrestling, East Coast Wrestling Association, Independent Wrestling Federation and the National Wrestling Alliance. Rosser signed with WWE's developmental territory Florida Championship Wrestling in 2009 and participated in the first season of NXT in 2010. Later that year, he debuted on the main roster as part of The Nexus. In 2012, Young formed The Prime Time Players with Titus O'Neil, with whom he is a one-time WWE Tag Team Champion. Rosser was the first openly gay wrestler to compete in WWE.

ECWA Legacy Championship
ECWA Legacy Championship is the secondary championship contested in the independent professional wrestling promotion, East Coast Wrestling Association.The current champion is Sam Shields, who is in his first reign.
Cura-Mallín Group
Cura-Mallín Group (Spanish: Grupo Cura-Mallín) is a heterogeneous group of volcano-sedimentary formations of Oligocene-Miocene age, Colhuehuapian to Laventan in the SALMA classification, in south-central Chile and nearby parts of Argentina. The sediments belonging to the group were deposited in a lacustrine environment and alongside rivers in an intra-arc basin. Southeast of Laguna del Laja Cura-Mallín Group has a thickness of more than 1,800 metres (5,900 ft). The sediments making up the group deposited in an interval between 22 and 8 million years ago.

The outcrops of Cura-Mallín Group are found along a north–south elongate area. The group is considered an equivalent of Abanico Formation, either as a southern extension or as a lateral equivalent of that formation.

Laventan
The Laventan (Spanish: Laventense) age is a period of geologic time (13.8 to 11.8 Ma) within the Middle Miocene epoch of the Neogene, used more specifically within the SALMA classification in South America. It follows the Colloncuran and precedes the Mayoan age.
MD5
The MD5 message-digest algorithm is a widely used hash function producing a 128-bit hash value. MD5 was designed by Ronald Rivest in 1991 to replace an earlier hash function MD4, and was specified in 1992 as RFC 1321.

MD5 can be used as a checksum to verify data integrity against unintentional corruption. Historically it was widely used as a cryptographic hash function; however it has been found to suffer from extensive vulnerabilities. It remains suitable for other non-cryptographic purposes, for example for determining the partition for a particular key in a partitioned database, and may be preferred due to lower computational requirements than more recent Secure Hash Algorithms.

Hash collision
In computer science, a hash collision or hash clash  is when two distinct pieces of data in a hash table share the same hash value. The hash value in this case is derived from a hash function which takes a data input and returns a fixed length of bits.

Although hash algorithms, especially cryptographic hash algorithms, have been created with the intent of being collision resistant, they can still sometimes map different data to the same hash (by virtue of the pigeonhole principle). Malicious users can take advantage of this to mimic, access, or alter data.

Due to the possible negative applications of hash collisions in data management and computer security (in particular, cryptographic hash functions), collision avoidance has become an important topic in computer security.
Malayan laughingthrush
The Malayan laughingthrush (Trochalopteron peninsulae) is a species of laughingthrush that was for some time included as a subspecies of the Trochalopteron erythrocephalum. This species is found in the extreme south of Thailand and in peninsular Malaysia.

Chestnut-crowned laughingthrush
The chestnut-crowned laughingthrush (Trochalopteron erythrocephalum) is a species of bird in the family Leiothrichidae. It is found in Bhutan, China, India, Pakistan and Nepal.

The silver-eared laughingthrush, formerly included as a subspecies, is now usually regarded as a separate species.
Khovanov homology
In mathematics, Khovanov homology is an oriented link invariant that arises as the cohomology of a cochain complex. It may be regarded as a categorification of the Jones polynomial.

It was developed in the late 1990s by Mikhail Khovanov.

Catharina Stroppel
Catharina Stroppel (born 1971) is a German mathematician whose research concerns representation theory, low-dimensional topology, and category theory. She is a professor of mathematics at the University of Bonn, and vice-coordinator of the Hausdorff Center for Mathematics in Bonn.
Mink van der Weerden
Mink Alphons Louis van der Weerden (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈmɪŋk fɑn dər ˈʋeːrdə(n)]; born 19 October 1988) is a Dutch former field hockey player who played as a defender.

He started playing hockey at HCAS and has since also played for Oranje Zwart and Oranje-Rood. He joined Rot-Weiss Köln in the summer of 2020. Van der Weerden made his debut for the national team in 2010 and has since played in three Olympic Games, two World Cups and three European Championships. He studies physiotherapy.

2021–22 Feldhockey-Bundesliga
The 2021–22 Feldhockey-Bundesliga was the 79th season of the Men's Feldhockey Bundesliga, Germany's premier field hockey league.

The season started on 4 September and concluded on 5 June 2022 with the championship final. Rot-Weiss Köln are the defending champions. They defended their title by defeating Hamburger Polo Club 1–0 in the championship final.
Fernando Zagharián
Fernando Zagharián (born January 13, 1977, in Argentina) is a former football striker who was born and raised in Argentina, but now has dual nationality with Armenia due to his Armenian origin.

He played for Argentinos Juniors (1998–02), FC Pyunik (2002–03), Atlético Brown (2003–04), Emelec (2004–05), Deportivo Morón (2005–06), Atlético Brown (2006–08) again and Club Atlético Talleres de Remedios de Escalada (2008–09). He ended his career at Brown at the end of the 2010–11 season.

Club Atlético Brown
Club Atlético Brown (mostly known as Brown de Adrogué) is an Argentine football club from the Adrogué neighborhood in Greater Buenos Aires. The team currently plays in Primera B Nacional, the second division of the Argentine football league system.
Radiobiology
Radiobiology (also known as radiation biology, and uncommonly as actinobiology) is a field of clinical and basic medical sciences that involves the study of the effects of radiation on living tissue  (including ionizing and non-ionizing radiation), in particular health effects of radiation.

Ionizing radiation is generally harmful and potentially lethal to living things but can have health benefits in radiation therapy for the treatment of cancer and thyrotoxicosis. Its most common impact is the induction of cancer with a latent period of years or decades after exposure. High doses can cause visually dramatic radiation burns, and/or rapid fatality through acute radiation syndrome. Controlled doses are used for medical imaging and radiotherapy.

Committed dose
The committed dose in radiological protection is a measure of the stochastic health risk due to an intake of radioactive material into the human body. Stochastic in this context is defined as the probability of cancer induction and genetic damage, due to low levels of radiation. The SI unit of measure is the sievert.

A committed dose from an internal source represents the same effective risk as the same amount of effective dose applied uniformly to the whole body from an external source, or the same amount of equivalent dose applied to part of the body. The committed dose is not intended as a measure for deterministic effects, such as radiation sickness, which are defined as the severity of a health effect which is certain to happen.

The radiation risk proposed by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) predicts that an effective dose of one sievert carries a 5.5% chance of developing cancer. Such a risk is the sum of both internal and external radiation dose.