hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cluster Lensing and Supernova survey with Hubble
The Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble (CLASH) was a program on the Hubble Space Telescope to observe 25 massive galaxy clusters. CLASH was one of three programs selected (along with CANDELS and PHAT) in the first class of Hubble multi-cycle treasury programs, which were designed to tackle large questions unanswerable through normal observations. Observations for CLASH were conducted between November 2010 and July 2013. CLASH was led by principal investigator Marc Postman, and had a science team of over 40 researchers.

Primary observations for CLASH were conducted on the Hubble Space Telescope with the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) and Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3). Images were taken in 16 filters, which were selected to maximize the ability to detect distant galaxies behind each cluster. Twenty of the observed clusters were selected due to their relaxed morphology in X-ray observations, while the other five were chosen due to their strength as gravitational lenses.

Gravitational lens
A gravitational lens is matter, such as a cluster of galaxies or a point particle, that bends light from a distant source as it travels toward an observer. The amount of gravitational lensing is described by Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity. If light is treated as corpuscles travelling at the speed of light, Newtonian physics also predicts the bending of light, but only half of that predicted by general relativity.

Orest Khvolson (1924) and Frantisek Link (1936) are generally credited with being the first to discuss the effect in print, but it is more commonly associated with Einstein, who made unpublished calculations on it in 1912 and published an article on the subject in 1936.

In 1937, Fritz Zwicky posited that galaxy clusters could act as gravitational lenses, a claim confirmed in 1979 by observation of the Twin QSO SBS 0957+561.
2024 CFL global draft
The 2024 CFL global draft was a selection of non-Canadian and non-American players by Canadian Football League (CFL) teams that took place on April 30, 2024, at 11:00 am ET. It was the fourth CFL draft that pooled all of the global players together after previously having separate drafts for Mexican players and European players in 2019.

2019 CFL–LFA draft
The 2019 CFL–LFA draft took place on January 14, 2019. Twenty-seven players were chosen from an invited pool of 51 Mexican players: 34 from the Liga de Fútbol Americano Profesional (LFA) (a professional American football league) and 17 seniors from Mexican university teams.
Lady Anne Clifford
Lady Anne Clifford, Countess of Dorset, Pembroke and Montgomery, suo jure 14th Baroness de Clifford (30 January 1590 – 22 March 1676) was an English peeress. In 1605 she inherited her father's ancient barony by writ and became suo jure 14th Baroness de Clifford. She was a patron of literature and as evidenced by her diary and many letters was a literary personage in her own right. She held the hereditary office of High Sheriff of Westmorland which role she exercised from 1653 to 1676.

Masque
The masque was a form of festive courtly entertainment that flourished in 16th- and early 17th-century Europe, though it was developed earlier in Italy, in forms including the intermedio (a public version of the masque was the pageant). A masque involved music, dancing, singing and acting, within an elaborate stage design, in which the architectural framing and costumes might be designed by a renowned architect, to present a deferential allegory flattering to the patron. Professional actors and musicians were hired for the speaking and singing parts. Masquers who did not speak or sing were often courtiers: the English queen Anne of Denmark frequently danced with her ladies in masques between 1603 and 1611, and Henry VIII and Charles I of England performed in the masques at their courts. In the tradition of masque, Louis XIV of France danced in ballets at Versailles with music by Jean-Baptiste Lully.
Integrated Regional Water Management Planning
The California State Integrated Regional Water Management (IRWM) Planning is the process that promotes bringing together and prioritizing water-related efforts in the region in a systematic way to ensure sustainable water uses, reliable water supplies, better water quality, environmental stewardship, efficient urban development, protection of agriculture, and a strong economy. IRWM incorporates the physical, environmental, societal, economic, legal, and jurisdictional aspects of water management into regional solutions through open and collaborative stakeholder processes to promote sustainable water use.

Administered by the California Department of Water Resources and California State Water Resources Control Board through bond-funded Grant Programs, IRWM encourages the development of integrated regional strategies for management of water resources by providing funding, through competitive grants.

California Department of Water Resources
The California Department of Water Resources (DWR) is part of the California Natural Resources Agency and is responsible for the management and regulation of the State of California's water usage. The department was created in 1956 by Governor Goodwin Knight following severe flooding across Northern California in 1955, where they combined the Division of Water Resources of the Department of Public Works with the State Engineer's Office, the Water Project Authority, and the State Water Resources Board. It is headquartered in Sacramento.
Twardorzeczka
Twardorzeczka [tfardɔˈʐɛt͡ʂka] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lipowa, within Żywiec County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland.

It lies in Żywiec Basin alongside a Twardorzeczka stream flowing out from Silesian Beskids. There are two Tilia trees registered as natural monuments in the village. The village began as a hamlet of Radziechowy, where it belonged to until its separation in 1948.

Monika Brodka, a Polish singer, grew up in the village.

Radziechowy
Radziechowy [rad͡ʑɛˈxɔvɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radziechowy-Wieprz, within Żywiec County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland.

It is one of the oldest villages in Żywiec Basin. It was established in the first half of the 14th century.
Gunahar Union
Gunahar union (Listen carefullyⓘ) is a union of Dupchanchia Upazila of Bogra district of Rajshahi division of Bangladesh. This union's geographic contact code (geocode) is 50.10.33.54. The current chairman of the union Noor Mohammad. It was also the headquarters of the erstwhile Zamindars of Gunahar.

Bogra District
Bogra District, officially Bogura District (Bengali: বগুড়া জেলা), is a district in the northern part of Bangladesh, in Rajshahi Division. Bogra is an industrial city where many small and mid-sized companies are sited. Bogra was a part of the  Pundravardhana territory of ancient Bengal and the ruins of its capital can be found in northern Bogra. Bogra is named after the independent sultan of Bengal Nasiruddin Bughra Khan (1287–1291).
Woman's World (Cher song)
"Woman's World" is a song by American singer Cher, from her twenty-fifth studio album Closer to the Truth (2013). It was written by Matt Morris, Anthony "TC" Crawford,Joshua "JD" Walker, and Paul Oakenfold, while production was helmed by the latter. Sonically, "Woman's World" is a dance-pop, EDM, electropop and electro song with themes of women's empowerment in its lyrics. The song was released by Warner Bros. Records on June 18, 2013, by Warner Bros. Records as the album's lead single.

The song became a top thirty hit in Switzerland. In the United States, it was a modest hit on the Billboard's top-selling electronic dance music chart, becoming Cher's eighth number-one single on the Hot Dance Club Songs chart, after being the greatest-gainer for its fourth, consecutive week. On the Adult Contemporary chart,  "Woman's World" debuted at number 30, making Cher one of few artists to have appeared on that chart in every one of the last six decades.

The Voice (American TV series) season 4
The fourth season of the American reality talent show The Voice premiered on March 25, 2013, on NBC and was hosted by Carson Daly, while Christina Milian returned as the social media correspondent. Coaches Adam Levine, and Blake Shelton returned as coaches, both for their fourth season. CeeLo Green and Christina Aguilera appeared as performers instead of coaches. Two new coaches Shakira and Usher served as replacement coaches for Aguilera and Green, leaving Levine & Shelton the only coaches remaining from the inaugural season. The team sizes were trimmed back down to 12 per team (season 2's team size), with each coach having two 'steals' in the Battle Rounds.

Danielle Bradbery was named the winner of this season, marking Blake Shelton's third win as a coach. With Bradbery's win being the first youngest winner at age 16.
Som Maresme FC
Som Maresme Futbol Club, S.A.D. is a Spanish football team based in Premià de Dalt, Barcelona, in the Autonomous Community of Catalonia. Founded in 1947, it currently plays in Camp de fútbol municipal de Premià de Dalt, with a capacity for 1,200 spectators.

2023 Copa Federación de España
The 2023 Copa Federación de España was 31st edition of the Copa Federación de España, also known as Copa RFEF, a knockout competition for Spanish football clubs.

The competition began in August with the first games of the Regional stages and ended 22 November with the final of the National tournament. As part of the new competition format started in 2019, the four semifinalists qualified for the Copa del Rey first round.
1971–72 FIBA European Cup Winners' Cup
The 1971–72 FIBA European Cup Winners' Cup was the sixth edition of FIBA's 2nd-tier level European-wide professional club basketball competition, contested between national domestic cup champions, running from 4 November 1971, to 21 March 1972. It was contested by 21 teams, five less than in the previous edition, and it marked a reform in the competition's format; a 6-team group stage was introduced, replacing the quarterfinals.

Defending champion, Simmenthal Milano, defeated Crvena zvezda in the final, which returned to a single game format, to win their second trophy, becoming the first team to successfully defend its title. It was the third title in a row for an Italian League team. This season's FIBA European Champions Cup final, also featured Italian and Yugoslav League teams, with the same outcome.

1971–72 FIBA European Champions Cup
The 1971–72 FIBA European Champions Cup was the 15th installment of the European top-tier level professional basketball club competition FIBA European Champions Cup (now called EuroLeague). The Final was held at the Yad Eliyahu Arena, in Tel Aviv, Israel, on March 23, 1972. It was won by Ignis Varese, who defeated Jugoplastika, by a result of 70–69.
Schayera baiulus
Schayera baiulus (common name "Schayer's Grasshopper") is a species of grasshopper in the family of the Acrididae. The species is endemic to the Northern Region of Tasmania in Australia. The species is extremely rare and critically endangered, with only five confirmed specimens ever found.

Cape Grim
Cape Grim, officially Kennaook / Cape Grim, is the northwestern point of Tasmania, Australia. The Peerapper name for the cape is recorded as Kennaook.

It is the location of the Cape Grim Baseline Air Pollution Station and of the Cape Grim Air Archive which is operated by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology in a joint programme with the CSIRO. The station was established in 1976 and has been operating ever since. The data from Cape Grim have been used extensively in assessments of climate change and ozone depletion.
Route 49 (Iceland)
Nesbraut (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈnɛsˌprœyːt], lit. 'Cape Road'), or Route 49, is a major traffic artery in Reykjavík, Iceland. It is the busiest road in the country, and is one of the two main roads running across Capital Region, the other being Kringlumýrarbraut. The name Nesbraut is not well known among locals as it is usually referred to by its main segments: Miklabraut ([ˈmɪhklaˌprœyːt], lit. 'Main Road') and Hringbraut ([ˈriŋkˌprœyːt], lit. 'Ring Road').

64°7′47″N 21°52′32″W﻿ / ﻿64.12972°N 21.87556°W﻿ / 64.12972; -21.87556

Route 40 (Iceland)
Route 40, known as Hafnarfjarðarvegur (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈhapnarˌfjarðarˌvɛːɣʏr̥], lit. 'Hafnarfjörður Road') in Icelandic or by its busiest stretch, Kringlumýrarbraut ([ˈkʰriŋlʏˌmiːrarˌprœyːt], lit. 'Kringlumýri Road'), is one of the two major traffic arteries running across Capital Region.
South African Law Journal
The South African Law Journal is a quarterly law journal published by Juta & Co. It is South Africa's leading law journal and the second oldest law journal in the English-speaking world, after the University of Pennsylvania Law Review.

University of Pennsylvania Law Review
The University of Pennsylvania Law Review, formerly known as the American Law Register, is a law review published by an organization of second and third year J.D. students at the University of Pennsylvania Law School. It is the oldest law journal in the United States, having been published continuously since 1852. Currently, seven issues are published each year with the last issue traditionally featuring papers from symposia held by the review each year. It is one of the four law reviews responsible for publication of the Bluebook. It is one of seven official scholarly journals at the University of Pennsylvania Law School, and was the third most cited law journal in the world in 2006.

In addition to the print edition, the University of Pennsylvania Law Review also publishes the University of Pennsylvania Law Review Online, formerly named PENNumbra, an online supplement, which publishes debates, essays, case notes, and responses to articles that appeared in the print edition.
Kalinga architecture
The Kaliṅga architectural style is a style of Hindu architecture which flourished in the ancient Kalinga previously known as Utkal and in present eastern Indian state of Odisha. The style consists of three distinct types of temples: Rekha Deula, Pidha Deula  and Khakhara Deula. The former two are associated with Vishnu, Surya and Shiva temples while the third is mainly with Chamunda and Durga temples. The Rekha Deula and Khakhara Deula houses are the sanctum sanctorum while the Pidha Deula constitutes outer dancing and offering halls.

In Kalinga, the ancient land of Shakta cult, divine iconography existed since the mythological era.  Present day research implies that idols (deities) were placed under auspicious trees in the ancient days. The various aspects of a typical Kalinga temple include architectural stipulations, iconography, historical connotations and honoring the traditions, customs and associated legends.

Varahi Deula, Chaurasi
Barahi Deula (Odia:ବାରାହୀ ଦେଉଳ)  is an ancient 9th century built temple situated on the eastern coast of Odisha in Puri district, India. The barahi temple of Chaurasi is unique in more than one way. The image enshrined in this temple is considered to be one of the masterpieces among the images of the deity found all over India.
Walpole Wilderness Area
The Walpole Wilderness Area is a group of conservation reserves on the south coast of Western Australia.  The area includes vast tracts of jarrah, red tingle and karri forests surrounding granite peaks, rivers, heathlands, and wetlands.  Coastal features include inlets and sandy beaches, sheer cliffs and the Southern Ocean.

Frankland River (Western Australia)
The Frankland River is a river in the Great Southern region of Western Australia. It is the largest river by volume in the region, and the eighth largest in the state. The traditional owners of the area are the Menang Noongar people, who know the river as Kwakoorillup, meaning 'place of quokka'.
Conucopia
Conucopia was the seventh North American Science Fiction Convention, held in Anaheim, California, on August 26–29, 1999, at the Anaheim Marriott.  This NASFiC was held because Melbourne, Australia, was selected as the location for the 1999 Worldcon.

North American Science Fiction Convention
NASFiC, an abbreviation for North American Science Fiction Convention, is a science fiction convention scheduled in North America during years when a Worldcon is being held outside North America; NASFiCs are held only during such years. Bids for the location of a NASFiC are voted on by the membership of the Worldcon (or NASFiC if it exists), the year after a non-North-American Worldcon site has been selected. As of 2014, this is one year in advance of a potential NASFiC, since Worldcon sites are chosen two years in advance.
International Sporting Code
The International Sporting Code (ISC) is a set of rules applicable to all four-wheel motorsport as governed by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA). It was first implemented in 1926.

The ISC consists of 20 articles and several appendices. It contains definitions, general principles, and regulations, as well as rules for race organisers, contenders, racers, and officials. As motorsport is very hierarchic, the ISC may also be applicable in the rules of national racing federations.

Some North American domestic racing, such as NASCAR and IndyCar are outside the FIA's jurisdiction and hence not governed by the ISC and they instead usually govern their own series themselves. Motorcycle sport is also exempt since the Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme (FIM) is responsible for this sport, not the FIA.

Drag racing
Drag racing is a type of motor racing in which automobiles or motorcycles compete, usually two at a time, to be first to cross a set finish line. The race follows a short, straight course from a standing start over a measured distance, most commonly 1⁄4 mi (1,320 ft; 402 m), with a shorter, 1,000 ft (0.19 mi; 304.80 m) distance becoming increasingly popular, as it has become the standard for Top Fuel dragsters and Funny Cars, where some major bracket races and other sanctioning bodies have adopted it as the standard. The 1⁄8 mi (660 ft; 201 m) is also popular in some circles. Electronic timing and speed sensing systems have been used to record race results since the 1960s.

The history of automobiles and motorcycles being used for drag racing is nearly as long as the history of motorized vehicles themselves, and has taken the form of both illegal street racing and as a regulated motorsport.
Cumberland County Council, England
Cumberland County Council was the county council of Cumberland in the North West of England, an elected local government body responsible for most local services in the county. It was established in 1889 as a result of the Local Government Act 1888. Carlisle was initially within its area but became a separate county borough in 1914. In 1974, both authorities were merged along with parts of others into the new Cumbria County Council. In April 2023 local government in Cumbria was reorganised into two unitary authorities, one of which is named Cumberland Council and includes most of the historic county, with the exception of Penrith and the surrounding area.

Penrith, Cumbria
Penrith (/ˈpɛnrɪθ/, /pɛnˈrɪθ/) is a market town and civil parish in the Westmorland and Furness district of Cumbria, England. It is less than 3 miles (5 km) outside the Lake District National Park and about 17 miles (27 km) south of Carlisle. It is between the Rivers Petteril and Eamont and just north of the River Lowther. It was historically part of Cumberland.
Rhine Falls, New South Wales
Rhine Falls is a locality within the Snowy Monaro Regional Council, halfway between Wambrook and Dry Plain at an altitude of 1,320 metres (4,330 ft); ranking as one of the highest-elevated localities in Australia. Snow occurs frequently from May through to September, and can occur at any time of the year. At the 2016 census, it had a population of 42, the same as neighbouring Dry Plain.

The region is characterised by its vast, flat to gently undulating grazing land on the highest part of the Monaro; beginning at an altitude of approximately 800 metres in the east, soaring to 1,320 metres at the crest of the locality in the west.

Rhine Falls had a school from March 1892 to December 1933, generally described as a "half-time" school, although full-time until 1904 and in 1910 and 1911.

Snowy Monaro Regional Council
The Snowy Monaro Regional Council is a local government area located in the Snowy Mountains and Monaro regions of New South Wales, Australia. The council was formed on 12 May 2016 through a forced merger of the Bombala, Cooma-Monaro and Snowy River shires.

The council comprises an area of 15,162 square kilometres (5,854 sq mi) and occupies the higher slopes of the eastern side of the Great Dividing Range between the Australian Capital Territory to the north and the state boundary with Victoria to the south. At the time of its establishment the council had an estimated population of 20,707. Its population at the 2021 census was 21,666.

The Mayor of the Snowy Monaro Regional Council is Chris Hanna since 21 September 2023.
Yavatmal district
Yavatmal district pronunciationⓘ, [jəʋət̪maːɭ] formerly known as Yeotmal, is a district of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is located in the region of Vidarbha, in the east-central part of the state. It is Vidarbha's third-largest district by population, after Nagpur and Amravati. Yavatmal city is the administrative headquarters of the district.

Berar Province
Berar Province, also known as the Hyderabad Assigned Districts, was a province of Hyderabad. After 1853, it was administered by the British, although the Nizam retained formal sovereignty over the province. Azam Jah, the eldest son of the 7th Nizam, held the title of Mirza-Baig ("Prince") of Berar, modern day approximately Amravati Division of Vidarbha, Northern Maharashtra.

In 1881, the population of Berar was 2,672,673. The total area of the territory was 29,340 square kilometres (11,330 sq mi).

After 1 October 1903, the administration of the province was placed under the Commissioner-General for the Central Provinces, as the Berar Division. In 1936, the territory was renamed as the Central Provinces and Berar, and its legislative assembly was established.

The successor to Berar, with changed boundaries, is Amravati Division in the Vidarbha region of Maharashtra.
Second Lebanese Republic
The Second Republic (Arabic: الجمهورية الثانية, romanized: Al-Jumhūriyyah Aṯ-ṯāniyah) is Lebanon's current republican system of government. It was established on 22 October 1989 by Lebanese political leaders and business people under the Taif Agreement.

The Second Republic emerged from the slow erosion of the Lebanese Civil War and ratification of the National Reconciliation Accord, replacing the disproportional representation of the religious sects in Lebanon from  55:45 to 1:1 proportional representation of Christians and Muslims in parliament and political powers of Muslim-reserved prime ministerial position strengthened over Christian-reserved presidency position. This agreement, however, was put into practice on 24 December 1990. René Moawad was the first head of state to have been elected under this republic.

Prime Minister of Lebanon
The prime minister of Lebanon (French: Premier ministre; Arabic: رئيس الحكومة, romanized: Ra'īs al-Ḥukūma) is the head of government.

By convention, the office holder is always a Sunni Muslim.

The current prime minister is Nawaf Salam. He was tasked by President Joseph Aoun to form the new government after mandatory parliamentary consultations on 13 January 2025, having received 84 out of 128 votes. The prime minister designate does not assume office until both he and the president sign an official decree forming the government as per article 64 of the Lebanese constitution. On 8 February 2025, the new government was formed and Nawaf Salam officially assumed his duties as prime minister of Lebanon.

The prime minister is assisted by the deputy prime minister of Lebanon, currently Tarek Mitri as of 8 February 2025.