hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
National Institute for Research into Aquatic Habitats
The National Institute for Research into Aquatic Habitats (commonly abbreviated as NIRAH) was a planned freshwater public aquarium in Stewartby, Bedfordshire. Originally sited at a 100 hectare (250 acre) location, with an expected cost of £350 million, the project failed to meet its planned completion date in 2012. The site of the aquarium was sold in 2015, with an expected loss of £4 million.

Public aquarium
A public aquarium (pl. aquaria; or public water zoo) is the aquatic equivalent of a zoo, which houses living aquatic animal and plant specimens for public viewing. Most public aquariums feature tanks larger than those kept by home aquarists, as well as smaller tanks.

Since the first public aquariums were built in the mid-19th century, they have become popular and their numbers have increased. Most modern accredited aquariums stress conservation issues and educating the public.
Gog (trilobite)
Gog is a genus of large, flattened asaphid trilobite from the Middle Arenig-aged Svalbard, Valhallfonna Formation, Olenidsletta,  Member, of Spitzbergen, Norway (G. catillus), and the Upper Arenig-aged Dawan Formation in Hubei, China (G. yangtzeensis).

Asaphidae
Asaphidae is a  family of asaphid trilobites.  Although the first genera originate in Upper Cambrian marine strata, the family becomes the most widely distributed and most species-rich trilobite family during the Ordovician.
Gol Gumbaz Express
The 16535 / 16536 Gol Gumbaz Express is a daily express train running between Mysuru and Pandharpur. It is belongs to  Indian Railways of South Western Railway zone, Hubballi railway division. Usually 165XX numbering is assigned to Bengaluru railway division

South Western Railway zone
The South Western Railway (abbreviated SWR) is one of the 19 railway zones of Indian Railways, headquartered at Hubballi in the Indian state of Karnataka. SWR was created from carving out the routes from Southern Railways, South Central Railways and Central Railways in 2003.
Email Privacy Act
The Email Privacy Act is a bill introduced in the United States Congress. The bipartisan proposed federal law was sponsored by Representative Kevin Yoder, a Republican from Kansas, and then-Representative Jared Polis, a Democrat of Colorado. The law is designed to update and reform existing online communications law, specifically the Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA) of 1986.

In the 113th Congress (2013–15), the bill never made it out of subcommittee. In the 114th Congress (2015–17), the bill was unanimously passed by the House, but was derailed in the Senate following a series of weakening amendments offered by Republican Senator John Cornyn of Texas, the Senate Majority Whip. In the 115th Congress (2017–19) and 116th Congress (2019–21), the legislation passed the House, but failed to receive a vote in the Senate.

Cloud storage
Cloud storage is a model of computer data storage in which data, said to be on "the cloud", is stored remotely in logical pools and is accessible to users over a network, typically the Internet. The physical storage spans multiple servers (sometimes in multiple locations), and the physical environment is typically owned and managed by a cloud computing provider. These cloud storage providers are responsible for keeping the data available and accessible, and the physical environment secured, protected, and running. People and organizations buy or lease storage capacity from the providers to store user, organization, or application data.

Cloud storage services may be accessed through a colocated cloud computing service, a web service application programming interface (API) or by applications that use the API, such as cloud desktop storage, a cloud storage gateway or Web-based content management systems.
Kekerikuchi
Kekerikuchi is a census village in Tamulpur district, Assam, India. As per the 2011 Census of India, Kekerikuchi has a total population of 1,867 people including 927 males and 940 females.

On January 13, 1998, the night of Uruka, Boro terrorists killed 18 people in the village of Kekerikuchi. Since then, the villagers of Kekerikuchi don't celebrate the Bhogali Bihu, a major festive of Assamese nation.

Tamulpur district
Tamulpur district, is an administrative district in Bodoland Territorial Region of Assam, one of the North-Eastern states of India. The administrative headquartered at Tamulpur.

In 2021, the Cabinet of Assam, headed by Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma, approved the proposal to make Tamulpur a full-fledged district. On 23 January 2022 Tamulpur was formally created.

On 30 December 2022, Assam Government has decided to remerge it with Baksa district and From, 1 January 2023 the district ceased to exist. The decision came before delimitation process in the state.

However, on August 25, 2023, the Government revealed a new decision to recreate the district, covering the Tamulpur and Goreswar Assembly seats.
James Craigen (politician)
James Mark Craigen (born 2 August 1938) is a Scottish Labour Co-operative politician.

Born in Glasgow, Craigen was educated at the Shawlands Academy, then at Strathclyde University and Heriot-Watt University. From 1954 to 1961 he worked as a compositor. He then spent time with the Scottish Gas Board, and from 1964 to 1968 was Head of Organisation and Social Services with the Scottish Trades Union Congress, then moved to the Scottish Business Education Council.

Craigen served on Glasgow City Council from 1965 to 1968. He stood unsuccessfully for Ayr in 1970. Subsequently he was Member of Parliament for Glasgow Maryhill from 1974 to 1987, when he stood down. His successor was Maria Fyfe. He was educated at Shawlands Academy, in Glasgow.

Glasgow Maryhill (UK Parliament constituency)
Glasgow Maryhill was a parliamentary constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1918 to 2005 when it was subsumed into the new Glasgow North and Glasgow North East constituencies. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) using the first-past-the-post voting system.
Seal of New York City
The seal of New York City is the city's official corporate insignia. According to the city's Administrative Code, it is used to identify documents or publications issued under the authority of the city or its departments. It is also engraved into property owned by the city, used to identify officers of the city, and featured on the city's flag.

New York City has had a seal since 1654, when the city was the Dutch settlement known as New Amsterdam. The seal has since undergone multiple changes, and for a period the city had multiple seals. These changes and multiple seals largely resulted from the city's transition to British and, later, American control, as well as from tensions between the mayor and the city's elected council. The current seal was designed in 1915 and most recently modified in 1977.

The city clerk of New York City is the custodian of the city seal.

New York City Administrative Code
The Administrative Code of the City of New York contains the codified local laws of New York City as enacted by the New York City Council and Mayor. As of February 2023, it contains 37 titles, numbered 1 through 16, 16-A, 16-B, 17 through 20, 20-A, 21, 21-A, and 22 through 33.

The Constitution of New York enumerates the powers of local governments, such as the power to elect a legislative body and adopt local laws. A local law has a status equivalent with a law enacted by the Legislature (subject to certain exceptions and restrictions), and is superior to the older forms of municipal legislation such as ordinances, resolutions, rules and regulations.
Lac du Rat Musqué
The Lac du Rat Musqué is a lake located between the municipalities of Sainte-Cécile-de-Whitton and Lac-Drolet, Le Granit Regional County Municipality, in Estrie, in Quebec, Canada. It is the source of the Madisson River, a tributary of the Chaudière River and a sub-tributary of the St. Lawrence River.

Madisson River
The Madisson River (in French: rivière Madisson) is a tributary of the west bank of the Chaudière River which flows northward to empty on the south bank of the St. Lawrence River.

The Madisson River flows in the municipalities of Lac-Drolet and Sainte-Cécile-de-Whitton, in the Le Granit Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Estrie, Québec, Canada.
Complete class theorem
The Complete class theorems is a class of theorems in decision theory. They establish that all admissible decision rules are equivalent to the Bayesian decision rule for some utility function and some prior distribution (or for the limit of a sequence of prior distributions). Thus, for every decision rule, either the rule may be reformulated as a Bayesian procedure (or a limit of a sequence of such), or there is a rule that is sometimes better and never worse.

For example, Ferguson [section 2.10]  gives a theorem establishing that if the sample space is closed and the parameter space is finite then the class of Bayes rules is complete.

Decision theory
Decision theory or the theory of rational choice is a branch of probability, economics, and analytic philosophy that uses expected utility and probability to model how individuals would behave rationally under uncertainty. It differs from the cognitive and behavioral sciences in that it is mainly prescriptive and concerned with identifying optimal decisions for a rational agent, rather than describing how people actually make decisions. Despite this, the field is important to the study of real human behavior by social scientists, as it lays the foundations to mathematically model and analyze individuals in fields such as sociology, economics, criminology, cognitive science, moral philosophy and political science.
Sülzgürtel station
Sülzgürtel is a terminus and interchange station on the Cologne Stadtbahn lines 13 and 18 in Cologne. The station lies at the junction of Luxemburger Straße and Sülzgürtel, Sülz in the district of Lindenthal.

The station was opened on 20 January 1898 and today consists of two bay platforms with together four rail tracks, whose connection at the junction is not used for regular service. The platform for line 13 is in the middle of Sülzgürtel north of Luxemburger Straße, while the platform for line 18 is in the middle of Luxemburger Straße, to the west of Sülzgürtel.

With the planned extension of line 13, the tracks along Sülzgürtel will be extended across Luxemburger Straße, and line 13 will get a new terminus further along the Gürtel. A partially tunneled extension is also in discussion, which could lead to Sülzgürtel being replaced by a new underground station.

Lindenthal, Cologne
Lindenthal (German: Köln-Lindenthal [ˈkœln ˈlɪndn̩ˌtaːl]; Kölsch: Lendethal [ˈlêndəˌtaːl]) is a borough of the City of Cologne in Germany. It includes the quarters Braunsfeld, Junkersdorf, Klettenberg, Lindenthal, Lövenich, Müngersdorf, Sülz, Weiden and Widdersdorf. It has about 153,000 inhabitants (as of December 2019) and covers an area of 41.8 square kilometers.

Many parts of Lindenthal are dominated by academic and research campuses, primarily linked to the University of Cologne and the German Sport University. The latter has a campus at Sportpark Müngersdorf, next to RheinEnergieStadion and the European College of Sport Science.

The Cologne University Hospital has a vast campus around the Kerpener Straße. Other institutions include the Max Planck Institutes for Biology of Ageing and Plant Breeding Research.

Cologne's Melaten-Friedhof is located on Aachener Straße.
Trevor Molloy
Trevor Molloy (born 14 April 1977 in Dublin) is an Irish former professional footballer. He played in the League of Ireland for Shamrock Rovers (2 seasons), Athlone Town, St Patrick's Athletic (2 seasons), Bohemians and Shelbourne. He also played for English Football League side Carlisle United, Scottish Premiership side Motherwell and for Glenavon in the NIFL Premiership. He is the father of Aaron Molloy, who is also a professional footballer.

1997 FIFA World Youth Championship
The 1997 FIFA World Youth Championship, known as the 1997 FIFA/Coca-Cola World Youth Championship for sponsorship purposes, was the 11th staging of the FIFA World Youth Championship. It was held from 16 June to 5 July 1997 in Malaysia. It was the first FIFA tournament hosted by a Southeast Asian country.
Ophiuchus
Ophiuchus (/ˌɒfiˈjuːkəs/) is a large constellation straddling the celestial equator. Its name comes from the Ancient Greek ὀφιοῦχος (ophioûkhos), meaning "serpent-bearer", and it is commonly represented as a man grasping a snake. The serpent is represented by the constellation Serpens. Ophiuchus was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations. An old alternative name for the constellation was Serpentarius.

Star chart
A star chart is a celestial map of the night sky with astronomical objects laid out on a grid system. They are used to identify and locate constellations, stars, nebulae, galaxies, and planets. They have been used for human navigation since time immemorial. Note that a star chart differs from an astronomical catalog, which is a listing or tabulation of astronomical objects for a particular purpose. Tools using a star chart include the astrolabe and planisphere.
Richard Watson (bishop of Burnley)
Christianity portal

Richard Charles Challinor Watson  (16 February 1923 – 1 March 1998) was an Anglican clergyman who was the seventh Bishop of Burnley from 1970 to 1988.

Born in Watford, Hertfordshire, he was the son of Francis William Watson, CB MC TD DL and his wife, Alice Madelein Collings-Wells. He was educated at Rugby and New College, Oxford and studied for ordination at Westcott House, Cambridge  before a curacy in Stratford, London . After that he was successively: a tutor at Wycliffe Hall, Oxford; Chaplain of Wadham College, Oxford; Vicar of Hornchurch; and finally, before his ordination to the episcopate, Rural Dean of Havering.

He  married Anna Chavasse, elder daughter of the Bishop of Rochester Christopher Chavasse. He retired to Thame in 1988 and died 10 years later in Bullingdon, Oxfordshire.

Christopher Chavasse
Christopher Maude Chavasse, OBE, MC, TD, ChStJ (9 November 1884 – 10 March 1962) was a British athlete, soldier and religious leader from the Chavasse family. He competed at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London, served in the First World War, and was later the Bishop of Rochester.
2018 Illinois House of Representatives election
The 2018 elections for the Illinois House of Representatives took place on Tuesday, November 6, 2018, to elect representatives from all 118 districts.  The winners of this election served in the 101st General Assembly, with seats apportioned among the states based on the 2010 United States census. The Democratic Party had held a House majority since 1997. The inauguration of the 101st General Assembly occurred on Wednesday, January 9, 2019. The Democrats flipped eight seats, while Republicans flipped one seat, resulting in a net gain of seven seats for the Democratic caucus.

The elections for Illinois's 18 congressional districts, governor and lieutenant governor, statewide constitutional officers, and the Illinois Senate were also held on this date.

2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois
The 2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois were held on November 6, 2018, to elect U.S. representatives, one from each of the state's eighteen congressional districts.

The primaries for all parties were held on March 20, 2018. The state congressional delegation changed from an 11–7 Democratic majority to a 13–5 Democratic majority.
Operation Manacle
Operation Manacle was the name given to a series of British Commando raids during the Second World War.

The raids were conducted by Layforce II and ad hoc formation formed by three troops from No. 4 Commando Their objectives were to take out German strong-points and to conduct reconnaissance, on the coastline of France. They were unofficially known as the Menday Force named after the commander of Layforce II.  No.4 Commando participated in Manacle 5 at Qnival and Manacle 8 at Quend Plage operating from Dover. The Manacle, and associated Hardtack raids, were finally abandoned on orders from Combined Operations Headquarters because they encouraged the Germans to reinforce their positions which, in the longer term, could be disadvantageous to the Allies.

Operation Hardtack (commando raid)
Operation Hardtack was the name of a series of British Commando raids during the Second World War. The operation was conducted by No. 10 (Inter-Allied) Commando, No. 12 Commando and the Special Boat Service, and took place on the Channel Islands and the northern coast of France in December 1943.  Most of the raids consisted of ten men of various ranks, carried by Motor Torpedo Boats and dories, except for one operation, which was an airborne landing.  The raids were ended by order of Major General Robert Laycock because they caused the enemy to bring reinforcements, which could have been detrimental to the Allies' strategy.
Dhanpalthan Rural Municipality
Dhanpalthan (Nepali: धनपालथान गाउँपालिका) is a Gaupalika (rural municipality) located at Morang district. Dadarbairiya, Sorabhag, Amaibariyati, Kadamaha and Nocha VDCs were incorporated into Dhanpalthan Gaupalika. This rural municipality has an area of 70.26 km2. The population as of 2017 is 39,394. The current VDC Office of Sorabhag is the office of this Gaupalika.

Kadamaha
Kadamaha is a village development committee in Morang District in the Kosi Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 5182 people living in 1029 individual households.
Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board
The Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board (PCLOB) is an independent agency within the executive branch of the United States government, established by Congress in 2004 to advise the president and other senior executive branch officials to ensure that concerns concerning privacy and civil liberties in the United States are appropriately considered in the development and implementation of all laws, regulations, and executive branch policies related to terrorism.

Independent agencies of the United States federal government
In the United States federal government, independent agencies are agencies that exist outside the federal executive departments (those headed by a Cabinet secretary) and the Executive Office of the President.: 6  In a narrower sense, the term refers only to those independent agencies that, while considered part of the executive branch, have regulatory or rulemaking authority and are insulated from presidential control, usually because the president's power to dismiss the agency head or a member is limited.

Established through separate statutes passed by Congress, each respective statutory grant of authority defines the goals the agency must work towards, as well as what substantive areas, if any, over which it may have the power of rulemaking. These agency rules (or regulations), when in force, have the power of federal law.
Software documentation
Software documentation is written text or illustration that accompanies computer software or is embedded in the source code. The documentation either explains how the software operates or how to use it, and may mean different things to people in different roles.

Documentation is an important part of software engineering. Types of documentation include:

Requirements – Statements that identify attributes, capabilities, characteristics, or qualities of a system. This is the foundation for what will be or has been implemented.

Architecture/Design – Overview of software. Includes relations to an environment and construction principles to be used in design of software components.

Technical – Documentation of code, algorithms, interfaces, and APIs.

End user – Manuals for the end-user, system administrators and support staff.

Marketing – How to market the product and analysis of the market demand.

Comparison of documentation generators
The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of documentation generators.  Please see the individual products' articles for further information. Unless otherwise specified in footnotes, comparisons are based on the stable versions without any add-ons, extensions or external programs.  Note that many of the generators listed are no longer maintained.
Bald assertion
In advertising, a bald assertion in advertising (or non-establishment claim) is a subcategory of a false advertising claim. A bald assertion is a statement used in marketing, advertising or promotions by a company without proof or evidence of truth. An example of such advertising practices is when a company claims their product is the best on the market.

False advertising
False advertising is the act of publishing, transmitting,  and also distributing or otherwise publicly circulating an advertisement containing a false claim, or statement, made intentionally, or recklessly, to promote the sale of property, goods or services. A false advertisement can be classified as deceptive if the advertiser deliberately misleads the consumer, rather than making an unintentional mistake. A number of governments use regulations or other laws and methods to limit false advertising.
Southern Pacific GS-3 class
The GS-3 was a class of streamlined 4-8-4 "Northern" type steam locomotive operated by the Southern Pacific Railroad (SP) from 1938 to 1957.  A total of fourteen were built by the Lima Locomotive Works, numbered 4416 through 4429.  GS stands for "Golden State" or "General Service."

Lima Locomotive Works
Lima Locomotive Works (LLW) was an American firm that manufactured railroad locomotives from the 1870s through the 1950s. The company's name is derived from the location of its main manufacturing plant in Lima, Ohio (/ˈlaɪmə/ LY-mə). The shops were located between the Erie Railroad main line, the Baltimore & Ohio's Cincinnati-Toledo main line and the Nickel Plate Road main line and shops.

The company produced the Shay geared logging steam locomotive, developed by Ephraim Shay, and for William E. Woodard's "Super Power" advanced steam locomotive concept – exemplified by the prototype 2-8-4 Berkshire, Lima demonstrator A-1. In World War II the Lima plant produced the M4A1 version of the M4 Sherman tank.
Aluchin
Aluchin (Persian: الوچين, also Romanized as Ālūchīn) is a village in Charuymaq-e Jonubegharbi Rural District, in the Central District of Charuymaq County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 85, in 16 families.

Charuymaq-e Jonubegharbi Rural District
Charuymaq-e Jonubegharbi Rural District (Persian: دهستان چاراويماق جنوب غربي) is in the Central District of Charuymaq County, East Azerbaijan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Araskonay-e Sofla.
Burkham House
Burkham House is a large country manor situated in the hamlet of Burkham in the parish of Bentworth, Hampshire. It is about 2.7 miles (4.3 km) south of the centre of Bentworth and about 5.4 miles (8.7 km) northwest of Alton, its nearest town

Alton, Hampshire
Alton (/ˈɔːltən/ AWL-tən) is a market town and civil parish in East Hampshire, England, near the source of the northern branch of the River Wey. It had a population of 19,425 at the 2021 census.

Alton was recorded in the Domesday Survey of 1086 as Aoltone. During the Saxon period Alton was known as Aweltun. The Battle of Alton occurred in the town during the English Civil War. It also has connections with Sweet Fanny Adams and Jane Austen.