hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2008 South Carolina elections
In addition to federal elections for President, Senate, and the House of Representatives, South Carolina held state elections on Tuesday, November 4, 2008.  Voters elected state senators, state representatives, solicitors and local officers, and voted in three statewide constitutional referendums.

2008 United States Senate election in South Carolina
The 2008 United States Senate election in South Carolina was held on November 4, 2008, to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the State of South Carolina. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Lindsey Graham won election to a second term.
2025 Hawaii Bowl
The 2025 Hawaii Bowl was a college football bowl game played on December 24, 2025, at Clarence T. C. Ching Athletics Complex in Honolulu, Hawaii. It was the 22nd annual Hawaii Bowl. The game began at approximately 3:00 p.m. HST and aired on ESPN. The Hawaii Bowl was one of the 2025–26 bowl games concluding the 2025 FBS football season. For the first time since 2013, the game was sponsored by Sheraton Hotels and Resorts, and was officially known as the Sheraton Hawaii Bowl.

The game featured the Hawaii Rainbow Warriors (8–4) from the Mountain West Conference and the California Golden Bears (7–5) from the Atlantic Coast Conference.  Hawaii beat California, 35–31.

2025–26 NCAA football bowl games
The 2025–26 NCAA football bowl games were an ongoing series of college football bowl games in the United States, most of which were played to complete the 2025 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Team-competitive bowl games in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) began on December 13, 2025, and concluded with the 2026 College Football Playoff National Championship on January 19, 2026. Several all-star games followed.
Jose Corazon Tala-oc
Jose Corazon Tumbagahan Tala-oc (born June 16, 1950) is a Filipino bishop of the Roman Catholic Church who served as the bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kalibo from 2011 to 2025. Prior to this, he was the bishop of the Diocese of Romblon from 2003 to 2011.

Kalibo Cathedral
The Saint John the Baptist Cathedral and Diocesan Shrine of the Santo Niño de Kalibo, commonly known as the Kalibo Cathedral, is a Roman Catholic cathedral in downtown Kalibo, Aklan, Philippines. The cathedral is the seat of the Diocese of Kalibo, and is situated near the Aklan River.
John Mackey (businessman)
John Powell Mackey (born August 15, 1953) is an American businessman and author. He is the co-founder of Whole Foods Market and was the chief executive officer of the company from its inception in 1980 until his retirement in 2022. He is currently the CEO of Love.Life, which he also co-founded.

A vocal member of the Libertarian Party, Mackey is a strong supporter of free market economics. Mackey has criticized labor unions, and describes his views as "beyond union." Named Ernst & Young entrepreneur of the year in 2003, he is a leader in the natural food movement. He has also written books on business and on plant-based diets.

Harvard Business Review
Harvard Business Review (HBR) is a general management magazine published by Harvard Business Publishing, a not-for-profit, independent corporation that is an affiliate of Harvard Business School. HBR is published six times a year and is headquartered in Brighton, Massachusetts.

HBR covers a wide range of topics that are relevant to various industries, management functions, and geographic locations. These include leadership, negotiation, strategy, operations, marketing, and finance. HBR has published articles by Clayton Christensen, Peter F. Drucker, Justin Fox, Michael E. Porter, Rosabeth Moss Kanter, John Hagel III, Thomas H. Davenport, Gary Hamel, C. K. Prahalad, Vijay Govindarajan, Robert S. Kaplan, Rita Gunther McGrath and others. Several management concepts and business terms were first given prominence in HBR.

HBR's worldwide English-language circulation is 250,000. HBR licenses its content for publication in nine international editions.
Dipeptidyl peptidase
Dipeptidyl peptidase is a type of enzyme classified under  EC 3.4.14.

Types include:

Cathepsin C, dipeptidyl peptidase-1

Dipeptidyl-peptidase II

DPP3, dipeptidyl peptidase-3

DPP4, Dipeptidyl peptidase-4

DPP6, dipeptidyl peptidase-6

DPP7, dipeptidyl peptidase-7

DPP8, dipeptidyl peptidase-8

DPP9, dipeptidyl peptidase-9

DPP10, dipeptidyl peptidase-10

Cathepsin C
Cathepsin C (CTSC) also known as dipeptidyl peptidase I (DPP-I or DPP1) is a lysosomal exo-cysteine protease belonging to the peptidase C1 protein family, a subgroup of the cysteine cathepsins. In humans, it is encoded by the CTSC gene.
Jalayirid Sultanate
The Jalayirid Sultanate (Persian: جلایریان) was a Turco-Mongol dynasty of Mongol Jalayir origin, which ruled over modern-day Iraq and western Iran after the breakup of the Ilkhanate in the 1330s. It lasted about fifty years, until disrupted by Timur's conquests and the revolts of the Qara Qoyunlu Turkmen. After Timur's death in 1405, there was a brief attempt to re-establish the sultanate in southern Iraq and Khuzistan. The Jalayirids were finally eliminated by the Qara Qoyunlu in 1432.

The Jalayirids were Mongol and Turkicized and Turkic-speaking. They are credited with bolstering the Turkic presence in Arabic-speaking Iraq so much so that Turkic became the second-most-spoken language after Arabic. The Jalayirids were also culturally Persianate, and their era marks an important period in the evolution of Persian art, where it developed important aspects that would serve as the basis of later Persian paintings.

Umar (son of Miran Shah)
Umar Mirza (c. 1383 – 1407) was a member of the Timurid dynasty and the grandson of its founder, the Central Asian conqueror Timur.

He took part in the internecine conflict which followed Timur's death, both to maintain control of his existing holdings, and potentially with the intent to claim the throne himself. He warred against his brother Abu Bakr and father Miran Shah, and ultimately died following an abortive rebellion against his uncle Shah Rukh.
Richard Stokes (priest)
Richard Stokes was an English Anglican priest in the late 16th and early 17th centuries.

Stokes was educated at the University of Oxford. He held livings at Bishopsteignton, Bunwell and Banham. He was Archdeacon of Norfolk from 1587 until his death in 1619.

Archdeacon of Norfolk
The Archdeacon of Norfolk is a senior ecclesiastical officer in the Church of England Diocese of Norwich, who exercises supervision of clergy and responsibility for church buildings within the geographical area of their archdeaconry.

The current archdeacon is Steven Betts who was appointed in 2012.
Jazz 625
Jazz 625 is a BBC jazz programme featuring performances by British and American musicians, first broadcast between April 1964 and August 1966. It was created by Terry Henebery, a clarinetist recruited in 1963 as one of the new producers for BBC Two.

Shepherd's Bush Empire
The Shepherd's Bush Empire (currently known as O2 Shepherd's Bush Empire for sponsorship reasons, and formerly known as the BBC Television Theatre) is a music venue in Shepherd's Bush, West London, run by the Academy Music Group. It was originally built in 1903 as a music hall for impresario Oswald Stoll, designed by theatre architect Frank Matcham; among its early performers was Charlie Chaplin.  In 1953 it became the BBC Television Theatre. Since 1994, it has operated as a music venue. It is a Grade II listed building.
Konik
The Konik or Polish Konik, Polish: konik polski, is a Polish breed of small horse or pony. There are semi-feral populations in some regions. They are usually mouse dun or striped dun.

The Bilgoray, Polish: konik biłgorajski, of south-eastern Poland is a sub-type of the breed influenced by Arab and Thoroughbred blood; it is close to extinction. The extinct Sweyki or Schweike sub-type of East Prussia contributed to the development of the Trakehner.: 481

The word "konik" in Polish means 'small horse'. It may be used in a wider sense to describe the Polish Konik and other similar breeds, among them the Hucul pony of the Carpathian Mountains, the Polesian of Belarus and the Žemaitukas of Lithuania.: 481

Trakehner
Trakehner (/trəˈkeɪnər/) is a warmblood breed of horse, originally developed at the East Prussian state stud farm in the town of Trakehnen from which the breed takes its name.  The  state stud was established in 1731 and operated until 1944, when the fighting of World War II led to the annexing of East Prussia by Russia, and the town containing the stud renamed as Yasnaya Polyana.

The Trakehner typically stands between 15.2 and 17 hands (62 and 68 inches, 157 and 173 cm). They can be any color, with bay, gray, chestnut and black being the most common, though the breed also includes few roan and tobiano pinto horses. It is considered to be the lightest and most refined of the warmbloods, due to its closed stud book which allows entry of only Trakehner, as well as few selected Thoroughbred, Anglo-Arabian, Shagya and Arabian bloodlines.
Jima River
The Jima River (Spanish: Río Jima) is a 33.73 km (20.96 mi) long river in central Dominican Republic. The Rincón Reservoir (Spanish: Presa de Rincón) lies along the river. The river originates in Las Neblinas, Bonao, Monseñor Nouel Province and reaches its mouth at the Camú River in Jima Abajo, La Vega Province.

Camú River
The Camú River (Spanish: Río Camú ) is 141.83 km (88.13 mi) long river located in the northern Dominican Republic. It rises in Cordillera Central, flowing first north and then east past the city of Concepción de la Vega before reaching its mouth at the Yuna River near the city of Pimentel at the Duarte and Sánchez Ramírez province line.
Rambo House
The Rambo House is an historic building located in Le Claire, Iowa, United States. The residence was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1979. The property is part of the Houses of Mississippi River Men Thematic Resource, which covers the homes of men from LeClaire who worked on the Mississippi River as riverboat captains, pilots, builders and owners. It is also a contributing property in the Cody Road Historic District.

Houses of Mississippi River Men Thematic Resource
The Houses of Mississippi River Men Thematic Resource (TR) is a multiple property submission to the National Register of Historic Places which was approved on April 13, 1979.  The structures are all located in the town of  LeClaire in Scott County, Iowa, United States.
Los Kjarkas
Los Kjarkas is a Bolivian band from Capinota, Cochabamba. It is one of the most popular Andean folk music bands in the country's history. Among the styles they play are saya, caporal, tuntuna, huayno, and carnavales. The instruments the band uses include the charango, quena, zampoña, ronroco, guitar, and bombo.

Saya (art form)
The saya is an Afro-Bolivian music and dance originating from the Yungas region. It is considered a key influence in the music of Bolivia. The term saya is of unknown origin, with some positing that it may have come from Latin or Kikongo.

The saya is often compared to the caporales dance, which was developed in the late 1960s and is not Afro-Bolivian. The caporales depicts the caporal (slave overseer or foreman). The comparison may occur due to confusion with naming, as the music and rhythms of caporales are sometimes referred to as saya.
Soft Flowing Avon
"Soft Flowing Avon" is a 1769 song with music written by Thomas Arne and lyrics by David Garrick. It was composed for and first staged at the Shakespeare Jubilee in Stratford-upon-Avon in 1769. The lyrics refer to the River Avon which flows through the town, the birthplace of William Shakespeare. The piece was later part of the Shakespeare Pageant performed at the Drury Lane Theatre. The song and the Jubilee were part of the growing culture of Bardolatry which sprang up in the eighteenth century.

Bardolatry
Bardolatry is excessive admiration of William Shakespeare. Shakespeare has been known as "the Bard" since the eighteenth century. One who idolizes Shakespeare is known as a bardolator.
The term bardolatry, derived from Shakespeare's sobriquet "the Bard of Avon" and the Greek word latria "worship" (as in idolatry, worship of idols), was coined by George Bernard Shaw in the preface to his collection Three Plays for Puritans published in 1901. Shaw professed to dislike Shakespeare as a thinker and philosopher because Shaw believed that Shakespeare did not engage with social problems as Shaw did in his own plays. Shaw argued that the new naturalism of Henrik Ibsen's plays had made Shakespeare obsolete.
Dilectissima Nobis
Dilectissima Nobis ("On Oppression of the Church of Spain") is an encyclical issued by Pope Pius XI on 3 June 1933, in which he decried persecution of the Church in Spain, citing the expropriation of all Church buildings, episcopal residences, parish houses, seminaries and monasteries. He protested "serious offenses committed against the Divine Majesty, with the numerous violations of His sacrosanct rights and with so many transgressions of His laws, We have sent to heaven fervent prayers asking God to pardon the offenses against Him".

Encyclical
An encyclical was originally a circular letter sent to all the churches of a particular area in the ancient Roman Church. At that time, the word could be used for a letter sent out by any bishop. The word comes from the Late Latin encyclios (originally from the Latin encyclius, a Latinization of Greek ἐγκύκλιος (enkyklios), meaning "circular", "in a circle", or "all-round", also part of the origin of the word encyclopedia).

The term is now primarily associated with papal encyclicals from the Catholic Church for letters outlining the church's perspective on a topic, but is also used among Anglicans and the Eastern Orthodox Church.
George Paki
George Paki was a New Zealand international rugby league player. He debuted for New Zealand in 1921 and became Kiwi number 151 in the process. He also played for New Zealand Māori rugby league team and an unofficial New Zealand Māori rugby side which toured Australia and New Zealand in 1913.

Ponsonby Ponies
The Ponsonby Ponies are a rugby league club based in Ponsonby, New Zealand. The club was founded in 1908 and was originally named Ponsonby United. The Ponies compete in the Auckland Rugby League competition and are the oldest rugby league club in NZ.
Zephyroceras
Zephyroceras is a genus belonging to the Somoholitoidea superfamily. They are an extinct group of ammonoid, which are shelled cephalopods related to squids, belemnites, octopuses, and cuttlefish, and more distantly to the nautiloids.

Somoholitoidea
Somoholitoidea is one of seventeen superfamilies of the Goniatitina suborder. They are an extinct group of ammonoid, which are shelled cephalopods related to squids, belemnites, octopodes, and cuttlefish, and more distantly to the nautiloids.
Lawa Railway
The Lawa Railway (Dutch: Lawaspoorweg or later Landsspoorweg) was a 173-kilometre-long (107+1⁄2 mi) single-track metre gauge railway in Suriname. It was built during the gold rush in the early 20th century, from the harbour town Paramaribo to Dam at the Sara Creek, but it was not extended to the gold fields at the Lawa River, as originally intended.

Alstom Transport Deutschland
Alstom Transport Deutschland, formerly Linke-Hofmann-Busch, is a German manufacturing company originally established in Breslau (now Wrocław, Poland) to produce locomotives and rolling stock. Its origins lay in the wheelwright business of Gottfried Linke, begun in 1834. After World War II, the company was reestablished in Salzgitter in West Germany. In 1994, GEC Alsthom acquired a 51% shareholding. It is now part of Alstom; the name Linke-Hofmann-Busch ceased to be used in 2009 when it became Alstom Transport Deutschland GmbH.
Tungou
Tungou also misnomerly referred to as Ringui is a village located south of Ukhrul in Ukhrul district, Manipur state, India. The village is about 35 kilometers from Ukhrul via National Highway 150 that connects Imphal and Kohima via Ukhrul and Jessami. Tungou is flanked by Ramva in the east, Tashar in the north, Sinakeithei in the west and Lungpha in the south. Locally, the inhabitants speak Tungou tui which belongs to the Tibeto-Burman language family.

Tashar, Ukhrul
Tushen, also known as Tushar is a generic reference to two villages viz. Tashar and Tushen Chanhong located south-west of Ukhrul in Ukhrul district, Manipur state, India. The village is about 18 kilometers from Ukhrul via National Highway that connects Imphal and Kohima via Ukhrul and Jessami. 
Tushen is flanked by Pharung in the north, Ramva in the south, Shangshak in the east and Sirarakhong in the West. Locally, the inhabitants speak Tushen tui which belongs to the Tibeto-Burman language family.
Featherstone Lions
Featherstone Lions are an amateur rugby league club from Featherstone, West Yorkshire who play in the National Conference League and the Yorkshire Men's League.
The juniors (U7 - U18) play in the Yorkshire Junior & Youth League. 
The club also has open age women and 3 girls' teams.

Their home ground is the Millpond Stadium. They are the town's second side, after Featherstone Rovers who play in the Championship.

Featherstone Rovers
Featherstone Rovers is a professional rugby league club in Featherstone, West Yorkshire, England. The club last competed in the Championship, the second tier of British rugby league, but were not granted RFL membership for the 2026 season due to the club's financial difficulties.

Featherstone Rovers won the League Championship once and Challenge Cup three times.

The club played home games at Post Office Road. Their local rivals were Castleford and Wakefield Trinity, and in the Championship, Halifax. The club's traditional home colours were white with blue hoops.
Two-dimensional flow
In fluid mechanics, a two-dimensional flow is a form of fluid flow where the flow velocity at every point is parallel to a fixed plane. The velocity at any point on a given normal to that fixed plane should be constant.

Stream function
In fluid dynamics, two types of stream function (or streamfunction) are defined:

The two-dimensional (or Lagrange) stream function, introduced by Joseph Louis Lagrange in 1781, is defined for incompressible (divergence-free), two-dimensional flows.

The Stokes stream function, named after George Gabriel Stokes, is defined for incompressible, three-dimensional flows with axisymmetry.

The properties of stream functions make them useful for analyzing and graphically illustrating flows.

The remainder of this article describes the two-dimensional stream function.
Traditional story
Traditional stories, or stories about traditions, differ from both fiction and nonfiction in that the importance of transmitting the story's worldview is generally understood to transcend an immediate need to establish its categorization as imaginary or factual. In the academic circles of literature, religion, history, and anthropology, categories of traditional story are important terminology to identify and interpret stories more precisely. Some stories belong in multiple categories and some stories do not fit into any category.

Fable
Fable is a literary genre defined as a succinct fictional story, in prose or verse, that features animals, legendary creatures, plants, inanimate objects, or forces of nature that are anthropomorphised, and that illustrates or leads to a particular moral lesson, which may at the end be added explicitly as a concise maxim or saying.

A fable differs from a parable in that the latter excludes animals, plants, inanimate objects, and forces of nature as actors that assume speech or other powers of humankind. Conversely, an animal tale specifically includes talking animals as characters.

Usage has not always been so clearly distinguished. In the King James Version of the New Testament, "μῦθος" ("mythos") was rendered by the translators as "fable" in the First Epistle to Timothy, the Second Epistle to Timothy, the Epistle to Titus and the First Epistle of Peter.
Penicillium decaturense
Penicillium decaturense is a species of the genus of Penicillium which was isolated from a fungus in North America. Penicillium decaturense produces citrinin, 15-Deoxyoxalicine B, decaturins A and decaturins A

Penicillium
Penicillium (/ˌpɛnɪˈsɪliəm/) is a genus of  ascomycetous fungi that is part of the mycobiome of many species and is of major importance in the natural environment, in food spoilage, and in food and drug production.

Some members of the genus produce penicillin, a molecule that is used as an antibiotic, which kills or stops the growth of certain kinds of bacteria. Other species are used in cheesemaking. According to the Dictionary of the Fungi (10th edition, 2008), the widespread genus contains over 300 species.
David Melnick
David Melnick (1938–2022) was a gay avant-garde American poet. He was born in Illinois and grew up in Los Angeles, California. He attended the University of Chicago and University of California, Berkeley.

Book One of Melnick's homophonic translation of Homer's Iliad, titled Men in Aïda, was published in 1983 by Lyn Hejinian's Tuumba Press. The farcical bathhouse scenario presented in Melnick's translation suggests underlying homoeroticism in the original text. Melnick's work has been included in Ron Silliman's 1986 anthology of Language poetry In the American Tree. Craig Dworkin and Kenneth Goldsmith wrote about Melnick's Men in Aïda in relation to conceptual poetics in 2010's Against Expression: An Anthology of Conceptual Writing. Often grouped with Language poetry, Melnick's Men in Aïda has been compared to Celia and Louis Zukofsky's Catullus and PCOET has been discussed alongside Russian Futurist Velimir Khlebnikov's zaum poetics.

Craig Dworkin
Craig Dworkin is an American poet, critic, editor, and Professor of English at the University of Utah. He is the founding senior editor of Eclipse, an online archive of 20th-century small-press writing and 21st-century born-digital publications.
Lokerpara Union
Lokerpara Union (Bengali: লোকেরপাড়া ইউনিয়ন) is a union of Ghatail Upazila, Tangail District, Bangladesh. It is situated 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) northeast of Bhuapur, 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) west of Ghatail and 33 kilometres (21 mi) north of Tangail, the district headquarters.

Ghatail
Ghatail (Bengali: ঘাটাইল) is a town of Ghatail Upazila, in Tangail District, Bangladesh. The town is situated 33 kilometres (21 mi) north of Tangail city and 114 kilometres (71 mi) northwest of Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh.
Arroz caldo
Arroz caldo is a Filipino dish made of rice and chicken gruel, heavily infused with ginger, and garnished with toasted garlic, scallions, and black pepper. It is usually served with calamansi or fish sauce (Tagalog: patis) as condiments, as well as a hard-boiled egg. Most versions also add safflower (kasubha) which turns the dish characteristically yellow. Arroz caldo is also known as pospas in Visayan regions, though pospas has slightly different ingredients.

Arroz caldo is a type of lugaw, a Philippine rice porridge dish. It is regarded as a comfort food in Philippine culture and is a popular breakfast meal.

Gruel
Gruel is a food consisting of some type of cereal—such as ground oats, wheat, rye, or rice—heated or boiled in water or milk. It is a thinner version of porridge that may be more often drunk rather than eaten. Historically, gruel has been a staple of the Western diet, especially for peasants. Gruel may also be made from millet, hemp, barley, or, in hard times, from chestnut flour or even the less-bitter acorns of some oaks. Gruel has historically been associated with feeding the sick and recently weaned children.

Gruel is also a colloquial expression for any watery food of unknown character, e.g., pea soup. Gruel has often been associated with poverty, with negative associations attached to the term in popular culture, as in the Charles Dickens novels Oliver Twist and A Christmas Carol.