hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pro Virtute Medal
The Pro Virtute Medal, post-nominal letters PVM, was a military decoration for bravery that was instituted by the Republic of South Africa in 1987, but never awarded. The decoration was intended for award to other ranks of the South African Defence Force for distinguished conduct and outstanding combat leadership in the field.

South African Defence Force
The South African Defence Force (SADF) (Afrikaans: Suid-Afrikaanse Weermag) comprised the armed forces of South Africa from 1957 until 1994. Shortly before the state reconstituted itself as a republic in 1961, the former Union Defence Force was officially succeeded by the SADF, which was established by the Defence Act (No. 44) of 1957. The SADF, in turn, was superseded by the South African National Defence Force in 1994.
Hanoverhill Starbuck
Hanoverhill Starbuck was a Canadian Holstein breeding bull. Calved in 1979, Starbuck was sired by RORA Elevation and purchased from Hanover Hills Holsteins by the Artificial Insemination Centre of Quebec (Centre d'insémination artificielle du Québec, CIAQ). Considered exceptional for conformation and genetics, Starbuck won numerous prizes at Holstein shows and through artificial insemination sired over 200,000 cows in dozens of countries, earning CIAQ $25 million. By 2000 it was estimated that most of the world's dairy cows were related to Starbuck, contributing significantly to inbreeding. Following its death in 1998, Starbuck was one of the first animals cloned for commercial purposes, though the clone's semen was never approved for sale.

Bull
A bull is an intact (i.e., not castrated) adult male of the species Bos taurus (cattle). More muscular and aggressive than the females of the same species (i.e. cows proper), bulls have long been an important symbol in many religions, including for sacrifices. These animals play a significant role in beef ranching, dairy farming, and a variety of sporting and cultural activities, including bullfighting and bull riding.
Rob Lantz
Robert Lantz (born 1969/1970) is a Canadian politician who has served as the 34th premier of Prince Edward Island since February 9, 2026; he previously held the position from February to December 2025. A member of the Progressive Conservative Party of Prince Edward Island (PC), Lantz has served as the party's leader three times: from February to September 2015, from February to December 2025 as interim leader, and since February 9, 2026.

From 2006 to 2014, Lantz was a member of the Charlottetown City Council. He was elected as PC leader for the first time at a leadership election on February 28, 2015. After resigning as leader following the 2015 provincial election, Lantz was elected as the MLA for Charlottetown-Brighton in 2023. He served in the Dennis King Cabinet and assumed the premiership following King's resignation; Lantz briefly resigned as interim PC leader to run in the 2026 leadership election, which he won.

Charlottetown-Brighton
Charlottetown-Brighton (District 13) is a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island, Canada. It was formerly named Charlottetown-Rochford Square from 1996 to 2007.
Bert Roberts
Albert Edwin "Bert" Roberts (26 February 1878 – 24 July 1964) was an Australian photographer and coachbuilder.  A renaissance man, born in Birmingham, England, he was interested in a wide range of subjects, and took many photographs of everyday life around Ipswich in the early 20th century.

Ipswich, Queensland
Ipswich (/ˈɪpswɪtʃ/ ⓘ) is an urban centre within the City of Ipswich in South East Queensland, Australia. Situated on the Bremer River, it is approximately 40 km (25 mi) west of the Brisbane central business district. Ipswich is renowned for its architectural, natural and cultural heritage, and the city preserves and operates from many of its historical buildings, with more than 6000 heritage-listed sites and over 500 parks. Ipswich was founded in 1827 as a mining settlement, and soon developed into a major commercial and population centre. The suburb of the same name serves as the city's central business district. In the 2021 census, the population of the urban area of Ipswich was 115,913 people.
A City Called Macau
A City Called Macau (Chinese: 妈阁是座城)  is a 2019 drama film directed by Li Shaohong, and starring Bai Baihe, Huang Jue, Carina Lau and Wu Gang. A Chinese-Hong Kong co-production, the film was released on December 12, 2018.

Huang Jue
Huang Jue (Chinese: 黄觉, born 7 August 1974) is a Chinese actor. He gained fame for his roles in Baobei in Love (2004), Falling Flowers (2012), and Fallen City (2013). In 2018, Jue had also starred in the films Long Day's Journey into Night, which was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2018 Cannes Film Festival.
Carl Kendall
Carroll Dudley Kendall (August 9, 1890 – September 20, 1975), was a Canadian professional ice hockey player who played in various professional and amateur leagues, including the Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHA) and National Hockey Association (NHA).  Amongst the teams he played with were the Vancouver Millionaires, Montreal Wanderers and Ottawa Senators.

He died in 1975.

Montreal Wanderers
The Montreal Wanderers were an amateur, and later professional, ice hockey team based in Montreal. The team played in the Federal Amateur Hockey League (FAHL), the Eastern Canada Amateur Hockey Association (ECAHA), the National Hockey Association (NHA) and briefly the National Hockey League (NHL). The Wanderers were four-time Stanley Cup winners. Prior to the formation of the NHL, the "Redbands" were one of the most successful teams in ice hockey.
COOL-ER
The COOL-ER is a discontinued e-book reader from UK company Interead. The device is compatible with both Mac and Windows computers, comes in a variety of colors, and supports e-books in English, Spanish, Portuguese, German, French, Dutch, Russian, Korean, Ukrainian, Mandarin and Japanese. The device is commonly compared with the Amazon Kindle. Reviewers cite the lower price, MP3 support, and lighter weight as advantages; but complain of the COOL-ER's lack of wireless connectivity and button insensitivity. On 8 June 2010, Interead went into liquidation after failing to secure funding.

E-reader
An e-reader, also called an e reader or e device, is a mobile electronic device that is designed primarily for the purpose of reading digital e-books and periodicals.

Any device that can display text on a screen may act as an e-reader; however, specialized e-reader devices may optimize portability, readability, and battery life for this purpose. Their main advantage over printed books is portability: an e-reader is capable of storing thousands of books while weighing less than a single one. Another advantage is the convenience provided by add-on features.
Guelph Gryphons football
The Guelph Gryphons football team represents the University of Guelph in Guelph, Ontario in the sport of Canadian football in the Ontario University Athletics conference of U Sports. The Guelph Gryphons football team has been in continuous operation since 1950. The team has won one Vanier Cup national championship in 1984, which is also their only appearance in the title game. The Gryphons have won one Vanier Cup and four Yates Cup conference championships, in 1984, 1992, 1996 and 2015.

Guelph Gryphons
The Guelph Gryphons are the athletic teams that represent the University of Guelph in Guelph, Ontario, Canada. The university's varsity teams compete in the Ontario University Athletics conference of the U Sports (OUA's), and, where applicable, in the west division. The university teams are often referred to as the Gryphs, which is short for the school's mascot, Gryph, the gryphon.
Jorge Mufarech
Jorge Yamil Mufarech Nemy (August 12, 1944) is a Peruvian businessman and politician. He was Congressman of the Republic from 2001 to 2006 and Minister of Labour during the second term of Alberto Fujimori's presidency (1999).

Ministry of Labour and Promotion of Employment
The Ministry of Labour and Promotion of Employment (Spanish: Ministerio de Trabajo y Promoción del Empleo; MTPE, also MINTRA) of Peru is the government ministry responsible for matters of labour and promotion of employment. It also promotes social welfare and vocational training, as well as the ensurance of compliance with legal standards and working conditions, in a context of dialogue and consultation between social partners and the state.

As of 6 September 2023, the minister responsible is Daniel Maurate.
OpenCPN
OpenCPN (Open Chart Plotter Navigator) is a free software maritime chart plotter and navigation software for use underway or as a planning tool. Developed by a team of active sailors and tested in real world conditions, it has multiple supported chart formats and a variety of data inputs.

By using satellite navigation and other NMEA 0183 data feeds, OpenCPN determines a ship's own position and status from sensors such as AIS receivers to automatically plot and track the positions of ships in the neighborhood.

In 2017 Norwegian ENC charts were available for OpenCPN.

Electronic navigational chart
An electronic navigational chart (ENC) is an official database created by a national hydrographic office for use with an Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS). ECDIS and ENCs are the primary means of electronic navigation on cargo ships. Charts can be used in navigation to provide an indication of location once a position is fixed and the charted depths can be used in under keel clearance (UKC) calculations to ensure the ship is navigating in safe water.

Inland Electronic Chart Display and Information System are similar systems used for navigation of inland water.
Franz Xaver Told
Franz Xaver Told (from 1840 Franz Xaver Told von Doldenburg; 13 December 1792 – 14 April 1849) was an Austrian soldier, and a prolific dramatist. His plays were staged at the Theater in der Josefstadt in Vienna.

Theater in der Josefstadt
The Theater in der Josefstadt is a theater in Vienna in the eighth district of Josefstadt. It was founded in 1788 and is the oldest still performing theater in Vienna. It is often referred to colloquially as simply Die Josefstadt.

Following remodeling and rebuilding in 1822 — celebrated by the performance of the overture Die Weihe des Hauses ('Consecration of the House') by Beethoven — opera was staged there including Meyerbeer and Wagner. From 1858 onwards the theatre gave up opera and instead concentrated on straight theatre and comedy.
Lora Logic
Lora Logic (born Susan Whitby c. 1960) is a British saxophonist, singer and songwriter from Wembley, London. Logic was a founding member of London punk band X-Ray Spex, and wrote the saxophone parts for their debut album, Germfree Adolescents. After leaving X-Ray Spex, Logic founded her own band, Essential Logic, which released one album in 1979. Logic has been called "one of post-punk's most notable atypical girls."

Poly Styrene
Marianne Joan Elliott-Said (3 July 1957 – 25 April 2011), known by the stage name Poly Styrene, was an English musician, singer-songwriter, and frontwoman for the punk rock band X-Ray Spex.  She is considered a pioneer for the feminist punk movement.
Sofía Castro Ríos
Sofía Castro Ríos (born 18 September 1970) is a Mexican lawyer and politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI).

She has been elected to the Chamber of Deputies for the fifth district of Oaxaca on two occasions:
in the 2003 mid-terms
and in the 2009 mid-terms.

Castro Ríos was the joint candidate of the PRI, the National Action Party (PAN) and the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD) for Oaxaca's fifth in the 2021 mid-terms but lost to Carol Antonio Altamirano of the National Regeneration Movement (Morena).

Carol Antonio Altamirano
Carol Antonio Altamirano (born 13 December 1963) is a Mexican politician and lawyer. He was previously affiliated with the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD) but has since aligned with the National Regeneration Movement (Morena).

Carol Antonio Altamirano was born in Asunción Ixtaltepec, Oaxaca, on  13 December 1963.
He has been elected to the Chamber of Deputies to represent the fifth district of Oaxaca on four occasions:
in the 2012 general election, for the PRD; and in the 2018 general election,
the 2021 mid-terms,
and the 2024 general election,
on the Morena ticket.
William F. Coolbaugh
William Findlay Coolbaugh (July 1, 1821 – November 14, 1877) was an American politician and banker from Pennsylvania. After working his way up the ranks at a Philadelphia dry goods house, he began his own store in Burlington, Iowa, in 1842. He became active in Iowa politics, serving in the Iowa Senate from 1854 to 1862. In 1855, he was the Democratic Party candidate to the United States Senate, but lost. In 1862, he moved to Chicago, Illinois, to set up a banking house which became the Union National Bank of Chicago. Coolbaugh was also the father-in-law of Chief Justice of the United States Melville Fuller. Coolbaugh died of an apparent suicide in 1877.

Iowa Senate
41°35′28″N 93°36′14″W﻿ / ﻿41.591°N 93.604°W﻿ / 41.591; -93.604

The Iowa Senate is the upper house of the Iowa General Assembly. There are 50 seats in the Iowa Senate, representing 50 single-member districts across the state of Iowa with populations of approximately 63,807 per constituency, as of the 2020 United States census. Each Senate district is composed of two House districts. The Senate meets at the Iowa State Capitol in Des Moines.

Unlike the lower house, the Iowa House of Representatives, senators serve four-year terms, with no term limits. Terms are staggered so that half the Senate is up for reelection every two years.
The Gilded Lily (1921 film)
The Gilded Lily is a surviving 1921 American silent drama film directed by Robert Z. Leonard and written by Clara Beranger and Tom McNamara. The film stars Mae Murray, Lowell Sherman, Jason Robards Sr., Charles K. Gerrard, and Leonora von Ottinger. The film was released on March 6, 1921, by Paramount Pictures.

Mae Murray
Mae Murray (born Marie Adrienne Koenig; May 10, 1885 – March 23, 1965) was an American actress, dancer, film producer, and screenwriter. Murray rose to fame during the silent film era and was known as "The Girl with the Bee-Stung Lips" and "The Gardenia of the Screen".
Llangennith, Llanmadoc and Cheriton
Llangennith, Llanmadoc and Cheriton is a rural community on the Gower Peninsula, Swansea, south Wales.  It comprises the villages of Llangennith, Llanmadoc and Cheriton. Together they share a community council.

The community is bordered by Rhossili and Port Eynon to the south, Llanrhidian Lower and Reynoldston to the east.

The population was 882 in 2011.

The community includes the island of Burry Holms.

Rhossili
Rhossili (Welsh: Rhosili; Welsh pronunciationⓘ) is a small village and community on the southwestern tip of the Gower Peninsula in Wales. It is within the first Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty in the United Kingdom. The village has a community council and is part of the Gower parliamentary constituency, and the Gower electoral ward. At the 2011 census, the population was 278. The community includes the hamlet of Middleton.

The name derives from the Welsh word rhos meaning a moor and the personal name Sulein, hence "Sulein's moorland promontory".
Rhossili is a popular tourist destination: the views from the headland and the Down are panoramic; several pleasant walks begin, end, or pass through the village; Iron Age remains are found on Rhossili Down. The 2.8-mile (4.5 km) wide sandy beach is backed with sand dunes and attracts surfers at the Llangennith end as well as along the entire stretch of beach.
Berkshire No. 7
Berkshire No. 7 is a wood and steel barge constructed in 1935. It is historically important as a transitional canal barge and as one of the few surviving wooden-hulled canal boats. It was used to transport bulk cargo, including shipping fertilizer, from Connecticut to Long Island Sound. It sank in 1974 along with the Elmer S. Dailey and the Priscilla Dailey in the harbor of Bridgeport, Connecticut, on the west side of the Pequonnock River. The sunken vessel has deteriorated to the point that a salvage operation could result in breaking it apart. The Berkshire No. 7 was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 21, 1978.

Long Island Sound
Long Island Sound is a marine sound and tidal estuary of the Atlantic Ocean. It lies predominantly between the U.S. state of Connecticut to the north and Long Island in New York state to the south. From west to east, the sound stretches 110 mi (180 km) from the East River and the Throgs Neck Bridge in New York City, along the North Shore of Long Island, to Block Island Sound. The sound forms part of the Intracoastal Waterway.

A mix of freshwater from tributaries, and saltwater from the Atlantic Ocean, Long Island Sound is 21 miles (34 km) at its widest point and varies in depth from 65 to 230 feet (20 to 70 m).
Montecito Apartments
Montecito Apartments is a large apartment building in Hollywood, California, United States.  It was built in 1935 in the zig-zag Art Deco style and was the home for many Hollywood celebrities, including James Cagney, Mickey Rooney, Percy Kilbride, and Montgomery Clift.  It was also Ronald Reagan’s first home when he moved to Hollywood in 1937.  In 1985, the building was converted to a low-income housing project for senior citizens.

Montgomery Clift
Edward Montgomery Clift (October 17, 1920 – July 23, 1966) was an American actor. A four-time Academy Award nominee, he was known for his portrayal of "moody, sensitive young men", according to The New York Times.

He is best remembered for his roles in Howard Hawks's Red River (1948), George Stevens's A Place in the Sun (1951), Fred Zinnemann's From Here to Eternity (1953), Stanley Kramer's Judgment at Nuremberg (1961), and John Huston's The Misfits (1961).

Along with Marlon Brando and James Dean, Clift was considered one of the original method actors in Hollywood (though Clift distanced himself from the term); he was one of the first actors to be invited to study in the Actors Studio with Lee Strasberg and Elia Kazan. Clift's decision to only sign a contract after his first two films were a success created "a power differential that would go on to structure the star–studio relationship for the next 40 years".
In re Kenneth Humphrey
In re Kenneth Humphrey was a case decided by the California Supreme Court concerning whether it is a violation of due process and equal protection to imprison defendants prior to trial solely because they cannot afford to pay bail.

On March 25, 2021, the California Supreme Court affirmed the ruling by the District Court of Appeal in severely restricting the use of "cash bail" on defendants who could not afford it.

According to the Harvard Law Review (HLR), the decision provided "a significant substantive protection for indigent persons who might otherwise be jailed" due to their inability to pay their bail. Nevertheless, the HLR notes that the "court's decision left unresolved core questions about the role of public safety in" the state bail system, potentially limiting the ruling's impact on reducing "hardships posed by bail and pretrial detention".

California Courts of Appeal
The California Courts of Appeal are the state intermediate appellate court system of the U.S. state of California. The state is geographically divided along county lines into six appellate districts. The California Courts of Appeal review appeals from the Superior Courts of California, and any further appeal is to the Supreme Court of California.

The California Courts of Appeal form the largest state-level intermediate appellate court system in the United States, with 106 justices.
Aspergillus bertholletius
Aspergillus bertholletius is a species of fungus in the genus Aspergillus. It is from the Flavi section. The species was first described in 2012. It has been isolated from Brazil nuts (Bertholletia excelsa).

Brazil nut
Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa) refers to a South American tree in the family Lecythidaceae as well as the tree's commercially-harvested edible seeds. It is one of the largest and longest-lived trees in the Amazon rainforest. The fruit and its nutshell – containing the edible nut – are relatively large and weigh as much as 2 kg (4.4 lb) in total. As food, Brazil nuts are notable for diverse content of micronutrients, especially a high amount of selenium. The wood of the Brazil nut tree is prized for its quality in carpentry, flooring, and heavy construction.

In 2023, Brazil and Bolivia combined produced 91% of the world total of Brazil nuts.
Tsuki no Oki ni Mesu Mama
Tsuki no Oki ni Mesu Mama (月のお気に召すまま) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Ramune Kiuchi. It was serialized in Shueisha's shōjo manga magazine Bessatsu Margaret from November 2018 to November 2024, with its chapters collected in thirteen tankōbon volumes.

Bessatsu Margaret
Bessatsu Margaret (別冊マーガレット, Bessatsu Māgaretto; "Margaret additional volume"), or Betsuma (別マ) for short, is a shōjo manga magazine published monthly in Japan by Shueisha since 1964. The stories featured in it are noted to have an emphasis on character development, focusing on themes of interpersonal relationships and settings of everyday life.
The Western Rover
The Western Rover is a 1927 American silent Western film directed by Albert S. Rogell and written by George Hively. The film stars Art Acord, Ena Gregory, Charles Avery, William Welsh and Albert J. Smith. The film was released on June 5, 1927, by Universal Pictures.

Art Acord
Arthemus Ward "Art" Acord (April 17, 1890 – January 4, 1931) was an American silent film actor and rodeo champion. After his film career ended in 1929, Acord worked in rodeo road shows and as a miner in Mexico.
XEGEM-AM
XEGEM-AM is a radio station in Metepec, State of Mexico, Mexico on 1600 AM, owned by the government of the State of Mexico. It is part of the Radio Mexiquense state radio network and is its flagship on AM, broadcasting to the state capital of Toluca.

XEGEM signed on May 18, 1983 along with XETUL-AM 1080 in Tultitlán, XETEJ-AM 1250 in Tejupilco and XEATL-AM 1520 in Atlacomulco (now XHATL-FM 105.5).

In 1984, television station XHGEM-TV took to air, and in 2002, XHGEM-FM 91.7 came to air. XEGEM and XHGEM FM have separate program schedules.

XETUL-AM
XETUL-AM is a radio station in Tultitlán on 1080 kHz, owned by the government of the State of Mexico. It is the only radio transmitter in the Radio y Televisión Mexiquense system aimed at the Mexico City area. Most programming originates from the main stations in Metepec.

XETUL broadcasts with 5,000 watts daytime and 250 watts nighttime on the AM frequency of 1080 kHz.