hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ethnic Identity and the State in Iran
Ethnic Identity and the State in Iran is a 2013 book by Alam Saleh in which the author examines inter-ethnic tension and the politicization of ethnic identity in Iran. He suggests that problems with ethnicity and nationality in Iran, as in other countries of the Middle East, has not been so much the result of ethnic identity formation, but the product of the securitization of ethnic issues. The book has received positive reviews in the Middle East Journal, Review of Middle East Studies, Iranian Studies, the British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, and Nations and Nationalism.

Nations and Nationalism (journal)
Nations and Nationalism is a peer-reviewed academic journal that covers research on nationalism and related issues. It is published quarterly on behalf of the Association for the Study of Ethnicity and Nationalism by Wiley-Blackwell. Anthony D. Smith was the founding editor and the editor until his death in 2016.
John Gould Moyer
John Gould Moyer (July 12, 1893 – January 21, 1976) was a United States Navy Rear admiral, and the governor of American Samoa from June 5, 1942, to February 8, 1944. He was born in Chicago, Illinois, but lived in both Indiana and Hawaii for much of his life. Moyer was admitted to the United States Naval Academy on June 16, 1910, and became an Ensign shortly upon graduation. He became a Commander in 1934, a Captain in 1939, and eventually a Rear admiral. During his governorship, Moyer recommended the tour of duty of the men under his command be reduced, and took over command of the United States Marines barracks previously under the control of Brigadier general Henry Louis Larsen.

Commander (United States)
In the United States, commander is a military rank (O-5) that is also sometimes used as a military billet title—the designation of someone who manages living quarters or a base—depending on the branch of service. It is also used as a rank or title in non-military organizations, particularly in law enforcement.
Glasgow Valley County Airport
Glasgow Valley County Airport (Wokal Field) IATA: GGW, ICAO: KGGW, FAA LID: GGW) is a public airport a mile northeast of Glasgow, in Valley County, Montana, United States. It is served by one airline, subsidized by the Essential Air Service program.

The Federal Aviation Administration says this airport had 4201 passenger boardings (enplanements) in calendar year 2018, up 19.45% from 3517 enplanements in 2017. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2017–2021 categorized it as a local general aviation facility.

Scheduled air service temporarily ceased on March 8, 2008, when Big Sky Airlines ended operations in bankruptcy. Great Lakes Airlines was given USDOT approval to take over Essential Air Service (EAS) and flights began in 2009.  Service is currently provided under EAS contract by Cape Air.

Big Sky Airlines
Big Sky Airlines was a commuter air carrier in the United States that operated from 1978 to 2008. Headquartered in Billings, Montana, United States. Big Sky was wholly owned by Big Sky Transportation Company, which in turn was a wholly owned subsidiary of MAIR Holdings.

Big Sky operated scheduled commuter passenger services to ten cities and maintained a hub at Billings Logan International Airport in Billings, Montana, from which the airline flew more of its nonstop routes than it did from any other airport. The airline was a crucial air link within the state of Montana, serving as the primary (and in some cases, only) commercial air carrier to several small airports in the state. The airline also began and ended service to a number of other locations over the years, often operating as a contract carrier under the federal government's Essential Air Service (EAS) program.
Blisland
Blisland (Cornish: Blyslann) is a village and civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is approximately five miles northeast of Bodmin. According to the 2001 census, the parish had a population of 565. This had increased to 608 at the 2011 census.

The parish is entirely rural in character, the northeast being moorland and the southwest lower lying farmland. The parish is bordered to the north by St Breward parish; to the west by St Mabyn and Helland parishes; to the south by Cardinham, Warleggan, and St Neot parishes; and to the northeast by Altarnun parish.

The hamlets of Bradford, Keybridge, Merry Meeting, Pendrift, Tresarrett and Waterloo are in the parish. Blisland is sometimes said to be the only village in Cornwall with a village green, however Herodsfoot and Talskiddy are others.

Talskiddy
Talskiddy (Cornish: Talskeusi) is a small rural village about two miles north of St Columb Major in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. Originally a manorial settlement belonging to the Earldom of Cornwall, the place prospered in the 19th century as a centre of the wool-combing industry.
Mark Bingham
Mark Kendall Bingham (May 22, 1970 – September 11, 2001) was an American public relations executive who founded his own company, the Bingham Group. During the September 11 attacks in 2001, he was a passenger on board United Airlines Flight 93. Bingham was among the passengers who, along with Todd Beamer, Tom Burnett and Jeremy Glick, formed the plan to retake the plane from the hijackers, and led the effort that resulted in the crash of the plane into a field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania, thwarting the hijackers' plan to crash the plane into a building in Washington, D.C., most likely either the U.S. Capitol Building or the White House.

Bingham's efforts on United Flight 93, as well as his athletic physique, were noted for having prompted a reassessment of gay stereotypes.

Shanksville, Pennsylvania
Shanksville is a borough in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, United States. It has a population of 199 as of the 2020 U.S. census. It is part of the Somerset, Pennsylvania, Micropolitan Statistical Area, and is located 78 miles (126 km) southeast of Pittsburgh and 226 miles (364 km) west of Philadelphia.

Shanksville garnered global attention during the September 11 attacks when United Airlines Flight 93, bound from Newark, New Jersey, for San Francisco, crashed in adjacent Stonycreek Township after its passengers rebelled against the flight's al-Qaeda terrorist hijackers. It was the only one of the four hijacked planes that failed to reach the terrorists' intended target.
Ramūnas Šiškauskas
Ramūnas Šiškauskas ([rɐˈmûːnɐs ɕɪʃˈkɐ̂ˑʊskɐs] ⓘ, born September 10, 1978) is a Lithuanian former professional basketball player and coach. Listed at 1.98 m (6 ft 6 in) tall, 
he could play at both the shooting guard and small forward positions. His individual accolades as a player include a EuroLeague MVP award, four All-EuroLeague Team selections, as well as an All-EuroBasket Team designation. On May 16, 2014, Šiškauskas was named a EuroLeague Legend.

During his playing career, Šiškauskas won two EuroLeague titles, one each with Panathinaikos Athens and CSKA Moscow, in 2007 and 2008, and reached two more EuroLeague Finals with CSKA, in 2009 and 2012. He was a member of the senior Lithuanian national team that won the gold medal at the EuroBasket 2003. As a member of Lithuania's national team, he also won the bronze medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics, and the bronze medal at the EuroBasket 2007.

EuroBasket 2003
The 2003 FIBA European Championship, commonly called FIBA EuroBasket 2003, was the 33rd FIBA EuroBasket regional basketball championship held by FIBA Europe, which also served as the Europe qualifier for the 2004 Summer Olympics, giving a berth to the top three teams in the final standings. It was held in Sweden between 5 September and 14 September 2003. Sixteen national teams entered the event under the auspices of FIBA Europe, the sport's regional governing body. The cities of Borås, Luleå, Norrköping, Södertälje and Stockholm hosted the tournament. Lithuania won its third FIBA European title by defeating Spain with a 93–84 score in the final. Lithuania's Šarūnas Jasikevičius was voted the tournament's MVP.
Tonya Burns
Tonya Burns-Sheehan (née Burns, known as Tonya Burns-Cohrs from 1991 to the 2020s) is an American former basketball player and coach. After a noted high school career in Indiana, she starred for the Iowa State Cyclones from 1981 to 1985 and was the first women's basketball player at Iowa State to have her number retired. After an attempt to play professionally in the National Women's Basketball Association, which never played a regular-season game, she became a high school basketball coach and physical education teacher in her native Indiana.

Iowa State Cyclones women's basketball
The Iowa State Cyclones women's basketball team represents Iowa State University (ISU) and competes in the Big 12 Conference of NCAA Division I. The team is coached by Bill Fennelly, who is in his 30th year at Iowa State.  The Cyclones play their home games at Hilton Coliseum on Iowa State's campus.
Spirited (soundtrack)
Two soundtrack albums were released for the 2022 Christmas-themed musical comedy film Spirited: an original soundtrack and an original score. Republic Records released both the albums on November 18, 2022, the same day as the film’s release on Apple TV+. The soundtrack features original songs from the film written by the songwriting duo Benj Pasek and Justin Paul and performed by the ensemble cast members: Will Ferrell, Ryan Reynolds, Octavia Spencer, Sunita Mani, Tracy Morgan and Patrick Page. The second album features the motion picture score composed by Dominic Lewis.

Pasek and Paul
Benj Pasek and Justin Paul, known together as Pasek and Paul, are an American songwriting duo and composing team for musical theater, films and television.

While Pasek usually writes lyrics and Paul usually writes music, they share credit for both elements. Both are graduates of the University of Michigan and winners of the American Theatre Wing's 2007 Jonathan Larson Grant, which honors achievement by composers, lyricists and librettists.

In September 2024, the duo became the 20th and 21st EGOT winners, breaking Robert Lopez's record for the fastest EGOT interval; the duo's interval was 7 years 7 months. Lopez & Pasek and Paul are also the three youngest EGOT winners, all at 39 years old, with Paul being just one week younger than John Legend.
Hospitaller conquest of Rhodes
The Hospitaller conquest of Rhodes took place in 1306–1310. The Knights Hospitaller, led by Grand Master Foulques de Villaret, landed on the island in summer 1306 and quickly conquered most of it except for the city of Rhodes, which remained in Byzantine hands. Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos sent reinforcements, which allowed the city to repel the initial Hospitaller attacks, and persevere until it was captured on 15 August 1310. The Hospitallers transferred their base to the island, which became the centre of their activities until it was conquered by the Ottoman Empire in 1522.

Rhodes (city)
Rhodes (/roʊdz/ ⓘ; Greek: Ρόδος, Ródos [ˈroðos]) is the principal city and a former municipality on the island of Rhodes in the Dodecanese, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform, it is part of the municipality Rhodes, of which it is the seat and a municipal unit. It has a population of approximately 56,000 with nearly 90,000 in its metropolitan area. Rhodes has been famous since antiquity as the site of Colossus of Rhodes, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. The citadel of Rhodes, built by the Hospitallers, is one of the best-preserved medieval towns in Europe. The Medieval city is designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Today, the city of Rhodes is an important Greek urban center and popular international tourist destination.
Tambolaka
Tambolaka is the administrative capital of the Southwest Sumba Regency on the island of Sumba in the East Nusa Tenggara province of Indonesia. It serves as a key administrative and economic center for the western part of Sumba, particularly known for its airport which facilitates access to the region. The economy of is largely agrarian, with a focus on subsistence farming and livestock, alongside a growing tourism sector based on beaches, and cultural festivals.

Sumba
Sumba (Petjo: Soemba-eiland; Indonesian: pulau Sumba), natively also spelt as Humba, Hubba, Suba, or Zuba (in Sumba languages) is an Indonesian island (part of the Lesser Sunda Archipelago group) located in the Eastern Indonesia and administratively part of the East Nusa Tenggara provincial territory. Sumba has an area of 11,243.78 square kilometres (4,341.25 square miles), about the same size as Jamaica or the island of Hawaii. The population was 686,113 at the 2010 Census and 779,049 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as of mid-2024 was 853,428 (comprising 436,845 males and 416,583 females). To the northwest of Sumba is Sumbawa, to the northeast, across the Sumba Strait (Selat Sumba), is Flores, to the east, across the Savu Sea (including Savu Island), is Timor, and to the south, across part of the Indian Ocean, is Australia.
Ikram Butt
Ikram Butt (born 25 October 1968) is an English former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s and 1990s. Of Pakistani descent, he was the first south Asian to play either code of international rugby for England in 1995. He played at representative level for England, and at club level for Featherstone Rovers, Leeds, London Broncos, Huddersfield Giants and Hunslet Hawks as a wing.

London Broncos
The London Broncos are a professional rugby league club based in Wimbledon, England. They play their home games at Plough Lane and compete in the Betfred Championship.

Whilst the club has never won a major trophy, they have finished second in the League Championship once and have been Challenge Cup runners-up once. They have also won the Championship Grand Final, to gain promotion to the Super League, on two occasions.

Originally formed as Fulham Rugby League Club in 1980, they have also previously been known as London Crusaders and Harlequins Rugby League. London's home colours are black, red and white.
Kanchana Ganga (1984 film)
Kanchana Ganga  is a 1984 Telugu-language romantic drama film directed by V. Madhusudhana Rao and produced by Ramoji Rao under Ushakiran Movies. The film stars Chandra Mohan, Sarath Babu, Saritha, Swapna and Pratap Pothen. The film is based on a novel by Yaddanapudi Sulochana Rani.

Saritha
Saritha is an Indian actress who has acted in more than 150 films and provided voice for many actress for more than 200 films in Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam and Kannada languages. She was one of the popular and critically acclaimed lead actresses during the 1980s.

She also appeared in a television serial, Selvi. She is also credited as a dubbing artist. She has dubbed her voice for Tamil, Kannada, Malayalam and Telugu movies for actresses like Nagma, Vijayashanti, Tabu, Sushmita Sen, Ramya Krishnan and Soundarya in 1990s.

She is a recipient of several state awards from Tamil, Telugu and Kannada, six Filmfare Awards and six Nandi Awards including a Special Jury Award for the film Arjun. Saritha received Tamil Nadu State Film Awards four times, and Karnataka State Film Awards once.
David P. Dahl
David P. Dahl (born May 22, 1937 in San Francisco) is an American professor, composer, pedagogue, organist, church musician, organ clinician, and advisor. He is also one of the founders of Olympic Organ Builders.

Olympic Organ Builders
Olympic Organ Builders was an importer and custom fabricator of tracker action pipe organs in Seattle, Washington from 1962 through the 1970s. The company built approximately 25 organs for churches and schools located the Puget Sound and Eugene Oregon in the period from 1967 through 1970.
Italian corvette Etna
Etna was a screw corvette of the Italian Regia Marina (Royal Navy), originally ordered by the Real Marina (Royal Navy) of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, but completed after the unification of Italy. The ship had a relatively uneventful career, primarily cruising in the Mediterranean Sea in the 1860s, although she also made a deployment to South America from 1869 to 1871. She was laid up in 1875, but her ultimate fate is unknown.

Real Marina (Kingdom of the Two Sicilies)
The Royal Navy of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (Italian: Real Marina del Regno delle Due Sicilie) was the navy of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. Along with the army of the Two Sicilies, it formed the kingdom's armed forces. The navy was the most important of the Italian navies prior to the unification of Italy and Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour made it the model of the new Italian Regia Marina after the Kingdom of Italy's annexation of the Two Sicilies.
Ruwa Romman
Ruwa Romman (Arabic: رواء رمان, born June 14, 1993) is an American politician serving as a member of the Georgia House of Representatives for the 97th district. A Democrat, she is the first Palestinian and Muslim woman elected to the body. She briefly ran for Governor of Georgia in the 2026 gubernatorial election, but withdrew before the primary and announced her campaign for State Senate.

Governor of Georgia
The governor of Georgia is the head of government of Georgia and the commander-in-chief of the state's National Guard, when not in federal service, and State Defense Force. The governor also has a duty to enforce state laws, the power to either veto or approve bills passed by the Georgia Legislature, and the power to convene the legislature into special session. The current governor is Republican Brian Kemp, who assumed office on January 14, 2019.
Holt's Wharf
Holt's Wharf (Chinese: 藍煙囪貨倉碼頭; lit. 'Blue chimney wharf') was a godown terminal in Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon, Hong Kong, in the 20th century. It was set up in 1910 and jointly owned by British Swire Group and Blue Funnel Line. It was located at the southeast seaside of Tsim Sha Tsui and the south of Signal Hill. Since it was next to Tsim Sha Tsui KCR station, it acted as a railway and freight logistics hub in Hong Kong.

In 1971, Swire Group and Blue Funnel Line sold the site to New World Development. Two years later in 1973, New World Development commenced the construction of New World Centre and The Regent Hong Kong (renamed the InterContinental Hong Kong since 2001) on the site. Construction was completed in 1982. In 2017, the site was renamed to Victoria Dockside.

New World Centre
The New World Centre (Chinese: 新世界中心) was a retail-hotel-residential-office complex on Salisbury Road, Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon, Hong Kong. It housed two hotels (InterContinental Hong Kong, now closed for renovation in order to rebrand as Regent Hong Kong in 2022, and the now-demolished Renaissance Kowloon), two office towers, a shopping complex and serviced apartments. It was reported to be one of the largest commercial complexes in the world at the time. It used to house a Tokyu Department Store. It was located near the Sogo department store and the Hong Kong Space Museum, opposite the MTR East Tsim Sha Tsui station.

It was closed on 31 March 2010 for demolition. It was replaced by the New World Development Co. Ltd.'s new 63-storey Victoria Dockside tower and a hotel by the Rosewood Hotel Group, and opened in 2019.
History of bridges
The history of bridges dates back to prehistoric times, when logs or stepping stones were used to cross creeks and ravines.  A bridge is a structure carrying a road, railroad, path, or canal  across a river, lake,  railroad, road, ravine,  or other obstacle. It is constructed for the purpose of providing passage over an obstacle, which is otherwise difficult or impossible to cross. There are many different designs of bridges, each serving a particular purpose and applicable to different situations. Designs of bridges vary depending on factors such as the function of the bridge, the nature of the terrain where the bridge is constructed and anchored, the material used to make it, and the funds available to build it.

The earliest bridges were likely made with fallen trees and stepping stones. The Neolithic people built boardwalk bridges across marshland. The Arkadiko Bridge, dating from the 13th century BC, in the Peloponnese is one of the oldest arch bridges in existence and use.

Boardwalk
A boardwalk (alternatively board walk, boarded path, or promenade) is an elevated footpath, walkway, or causeway typically built with wooden planks, which functions as a type of low water bridge or small viaduct that enables pedestrians to better cross wet, muddy or marshy lands. Such timber trackways have existed since at least Neolithic times.

In many seaside resort locations, boardwalks along the beach provide access to shops, hotels, and tourist attractions. The Jersey Shore in the United States is especially noted for its abundance of boardwalks.

Some wooden boardwalks have had sections replaced by concrete and even "a type of recycled plastic that looks like wood."
Immigration to Latvia
Immigration to Latvia is the process by which people migrate to Latvia to reside in the country. Some, but not all, stay permanently and eventually become Latvian citizens. Immigration has been the main source of major population growth in Latvia in recent years due to negative natural increase.

As of 31 December 2024 according to the data of the Office of Citizenship and Migration Affairs (Latvian: Pilsonības un migrācijas lietu pārvalde (PMLP)), there were 85,978 foreigners with temporary residence permits and 45,731 with permanent residence permits, excluding Latvian citizens and Latvian non-citizens.

Permanent residency
Permanent residency is a person's legal resident status in a country or territory of which such person is not a citizen but where they have the right to reside on a permanent basis. This is usually for a permanent period; a person with such legal status is known as a permanent resident.

Permanent residency itself is distinct from right of abode, which waives immigration control for such persons. Persons having permanent residency still require immigration control if they do not have right of abode. However, a right of abode automatically grants people permanent residency. This status also gives work permit in most cases. In many Western countries, the status of permanent resident confers a right of abode upon the holder despite not being a citizen of the particular country.
Noncommutative ring
In mathematics, a noncommutative ring is a ring whose multiplication is not commutative; that is, there exist a and b in the ring such that ab and ba are different. Equivalently, a noncommutative ring is a ring that is not a commutative ring.

Noncommutative algebra is the part of ring theory devoted to study of properties of the noncommutative rings, including the properties that apply also to commutative rings.

Sometimes the term noncommutative ring is used instead of ring to refer to an unspecified ring which is not necessarily commutative, and hence may be commutative. Generally, this is for emphasizing that the studied properties are not restricted to commutative rings, as, in many contexts, ring is used as a shorthand for commutative ring.

Although some authors do not assume that rings have a multiplicative identity, in this article we make that assumption unless stated otherwise.

Matrix ring
In abstract algebra, a matrix ring is a set of matrices with entries in a ring R that form a ring under matrix addition and matrix multiplication. The set of all n × n matrices with entries in R is a matrix ring denoted Mn(R) (alternative notations: Matn(R) and Rn×n).  Some sets of infinite matrices form infinite matrix rings.  A subring of a matrix ring is again a matrix ring.  Over a rng, one can form matrix rngs.

When R is a commutative ring, the matrix ring Mn(R) is an associative algebra over R, and may be called a matrix algebra.  In this setting, if M is a matrix and r is in R, then the matrix rM is the matrix M with each of its entries multiplied by r.