hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Software engineering professionalism
Software engineering professionalism is a movement to make software engineering a profession, with aspects such as degree and certification programs, professional associations, professional ethics, and government licensing.  The field is a licensed discipline in Texas in the United States (Texas Board of Professional Engineers, since 2013), Engineers Australia(Course Accreditation since 2001, not Licensing), and many provinces in Canada.

IEEE Computer Society
IEEE Computer Society (commonly known as the Computer Society or CS) is a technical society of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) dedicated to computing, namely the major areas of hardware, software, standards and people, "advancing the theory, practice, and application of computer and information processing science and technology." It was founded in 1946 and is the largest of 39 technical societies organized under the IEEE Technical Activities Board with over 375,000 members in 150 countries, more than 100,000 being based in the United States alone.

It operates as a "global, non-governmental, not-for-profit professional society", publishing 23 peer-reviewed journals, facilitating numerous technical committees, and developing IEEE computing standards. It maintains its headquarters in Washington, DC and additional offices in California, China, and Japan.
Cremastobombycia lantanella
Cremastobombycia lantanella, commonly known as the lantana leaf miner, is a moth in the family Gracillariidae. It was first described by August Busck in 1910. It is native to the southern United States, including Texas , as well as Mexico. It was introduced to Hawaii in 1902 as a biological control agent against invasive lantana species.

The wingspan is about 7mm.

Gracillariidae
Gracillariidae is an important family of insects in the order Lepidoptera and the principal family of leaf miners that includes several economic, horticultural or recently invasive pest species such as the horse-chestnut leaf miner, Cameraria ohridella.
Rousseau on Women, Love, and Family
Rousseau on Women, Love, and Family is an anthology of works by French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau covering five themes—women and politics, gender identity, women, love, and family. The volume was edited by authors, Christopher Kelly and Eve Grace. It includes four passages from Rousseau's Emile, and excerpts from his writings in Letter to d'Alembert, Levite of Ephraim and Émile et Sophie. Two of the letters to "Henriette" were translated for the first time by the editors for inclusion in this volume.

French philosophy
French philosophy is philosophy in the French language and by French people. It has been extremely diverse and has influenced Western philosophy as a whole for centuries, from the medieval scholasticism of Peter Abelard, through the founding of modern philosophy by René Descartes, to 20th century philosophy of science, existentialism, phenomenology, structuralism, and postmodernism.
Hugo Schmitt
Hugo Schmitt, born July 19, 1904, in Bann, Landkreis Kaiserslautern, in Southwestern Rheinland-Pfalz in Germany, dead August 9, 1977, in Sarasota, Florida, United States, was a German-American circus artist, animal trainer and one of the world's most famous elephant trainers with a record of 55 elephants performing in the ring. Starting his career at Carl Hagenbeck Circus-Stellingen in Germany, Schmitt was elephant superintendent at the world's largest circus, Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus in the US from 1947 to 1971.

African elephant
African elephants are members of the genus Loxodonta comprising two living elephant species, the African bush elephant (L. africana) and the smaller African forest elephant (L. cyclotis). Both are social herbivores with grey skin. However, they differ in the size and colour of their tusks as well as the shape and size of their ears and skulls.

Both species are at a pertinent risk of extinction according to the IUCN Red List; as of 2021, the bush elephant is considered endangered while the forest elephant is considered critically endangered. They are threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation, along with poaching for the illegal ivory trade in several range countries.

Loxodonta is one of two extant genera in the family Elephantidae. The name refers to the lozenge-shaped enamel of their molar teeth. Fossil remains of Loxodonta species have been found in Africa, spanning from the Late Miocene (from around 7–6 million years ago) onwards.
Flogstallen
Flogstallen (72°36′S 2°59′W﻿ / ﻿72.600°S 2.983°W﻿ / -72.600; -2.983) is a flat, icecapped mountain with steep rock sides just northeast of Jokulskarvet Ridge, in the Borg Massif of Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys, original research and air photos by the Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition (1949–52) and the Norwegian expedition (1958–59). It was named Flogstallen (the rock wall stable).

Borg Massif
Borg Massif is a mountain massif, about 50 km (30 mi) long and with summits above 2,700 metres (8,900 ft), situated along the northwest side of the Penck Trough in Queen Maud Land, East Antarctica. The tallest peak, at 2,727 metres (8,947 ft), is Hogsaetet Mountain. The parallel, ice-filled Raudberg Valley and Frostlendet Valley trend northeastward through the massif, dividing its summits into three rough groups:
Asuka Pond Workshop Site
Asuka Pond Workshop Site (飛鳥池工房遺跡, Asuka-ike kōbō iseki) is an archaeological site with the remains of an Asuka period industrial complex, located in the village of Asuka, Nara  in the Kansai region of Japan. Its ruins were designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 2001.

Asuka, Nara
Asuka (明日香村, Asuka-mura) is a village located in Takaichi District, Nara Prefecture, Japan. As of April 1, 2017, the village has an estimated population of 5,681, with 2,170 households, and a population density of 240 inhabitants per square mile (93/km2). The total area is 24.08 km2 (9.30 sq mi).

Asuka is the land where ancient Asuka (飛鳥) palaces were located. There are strict rules governing construction in this historic town.

Asuka can be reached from Okadera or Asuka Station on Kintetsu Yoshino Line train line. Although it's outside Asuka, Kashiharajingū-mae Station in neighboring Kashihara has service on the Kintetsu Kashihara Line, Minami Osaka Line and Yoshino Lines. By car, Asuka is on Route 169.
Ornithoptera akakeae
Ornithoptera akakeae is the name given to a birdwing butterfly that is a natural hybrid between Ornithoptera rothschildi and Ornithoptera priamus poseidon. Despite the fact that hybrids do not warrant a binomial name, the name Ornithoptera akakeae persists from the original description of the butterfly as a species.

It is now being commercially bred.

Ornithoptera priamus
Ornithoptera priamus, the common green birdwing, Cape York birdwing, Priam's birdwing, northern birdwing or New Guinea birdwing is a widespread species of birdwing butterfly found in the central and south Moluccas, New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago, Solomon Islands, and north-east Australia.

The specific name of Ornithoptera priamus, is named after Priam (/ˈpraɪ.əm/, Greek Πρίαμος Priamos), the king of Troy during the Trojan War.
Frullania wairua
Frullania wairua, commonly known as the spirit liverwort or Radar Bush liverwort, is a species of liverwort in the order Porellales. It is one of 24 species in the large genus Frullania that are native to New Zealand. The species was first described by Matt von Konrat and John E. Braggins in 2005 in the New Zealand Journal of Botany.

Pōhutukawa
Pōhutukawa (Metrosideros excelsa), also known as the New Zealand Christmas tree, or iron tree, is a coastal evergreen tree in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae, that produces a brilliant display of red (or occasionally orange, yellow or white) flowers, each consisting of a mass of stamens. The pōhutukawa is one of twelve Metrosideros species endemic to New Zealand. Renowned for its vibrant colour and its ability to survive even perched on rocky, precarious cliffs, it has found an important place in New Zealand culture for its strength and beauty, and is regarded as a chiefly tree (rākau rangatira) by Māori.
Ralph H. Demmler
Ralph H. Demmler (August 22, 1904 –  December 23, 1995) was an American lawyer –  specializing in corporate banking law –  and chairman of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission from June 1953 to May 1955.

Allegheny College
Allegheny College is a private liberal arts college in Meadville, Pennsylvania, United States. Founded in 1815, Allegheny is the oldest college in continuous existence under the same name west of the Allegheny Mountains. It is a member of the Great Lakes Colleges Association and the Presidents' Athletic Conference and it is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education.
SC Korosten
FC Korosten (Ukrainian: ФК Коростень) is a Ukrainian amateur football club based in the town of Korosten in Zhytomyrska oblast. The club was participating in Ukrainian Second League. It was founded in 2001 on the base of sports school Lokomotyv that is part of the Physical Culture and Sports Association Ukrayina.

After not arriving for their 22nd-round game against Veres Rivne in the 2008–09 season the PFL expelled FC Korosten from the professional leagues. The club became the first one to be expelled officially. In 2009 the club was dissolved. In 2010 it was recreated on the base of own youth football club Korosten as Sports Club Korosten.

Korosten
Korosten (Ukrainian: Коростень, pronounced [ˈkɔrostenʲ] ⓘ), also historically known as Iskorosten (Іскоростень), is a historic city and a large transport hub in Zhytomyr Oblast, northern Ukraine. It is located on the Uzh River. Korosten serves as the administrative center of Korosten Raion. As of January 2022, Korosten's population was approximately 61,496.
Richard Harvey (priest)
The Ven. Richard Charles Musgrave Harvey (8 September 1864 – 20 October 1944) was a British clergyman who served as Archdeacon of Huddersfield from 1914 to 1927 and Archdeacon of Halifax from 1927 to 1935.

He was educated Marlborough College and Keble College, Oxford. His brothers included Sir John Musgrave Harvey, who was a judge on the Supreme Court of New South Wales, and Sir Ernest Musgrave Harvey, who was Chief Cashier of the Bank of England.

Marlborough College
Marlborough College is a public school (English private boarding school) for pupils aged 13 to 18 in Marlborough, Wiltshire, England. It was founded as Marlborough School in 1843 by the Dean of Manchester, George Hull Bowers, for the education of the sons of Church of England clergy. It now adopts a co-educational model. In 2023 there were around 1000 pupils, approximately 45% of whom were female.

In 2024, the school was included in The Schools Index as one of the 150 best private schools in the world and among the top 30 senior schools in the UK. Fees for boarding pupils in 2024/2025 are £50,985 per year.
Tellurium nitride
Tellurium nitride describes chemical compounds of Te containing N3−. Efforts have been made toward the binary nitrides but the results are inconclusive and it appears that such materials are unstable. Still unconfirmed is Te4N4, which would be an analogue of tetraselenium tetranitride (Se4N4) and tetrasulfur tetranitride (S4N4).  It has long been known that ammonia reacts with tellurium tetrachloride, which is similar to the method of synthesis of S4N4.   The reaction of TeCl4 with a tetrahydrofuran solution of N(SiMe3)3 gives a well-defined tellurium nitride [Te6N8(TeCl4)4(THF)4] (THF = tetrahydrofuran).

Tetrasulfur tetranitride
Tetrasulfur tetranitride is an inorganic compound with the formula S4N4. This vivid orange, opaque, crystalline explosive is the most important binary sulfur nitride, which are compounds that contain only the elements sulfur and nitrogen. It is a precursor to many S-N compounds and has attracted wide interest for its unusual structure and bonding.

Nitrogen and sulfur have similar electronegativities. When the properties of atoms are so highly similar, they often form extensive families of covalently bonded structures and compounds. Indeed, a large number of S-N and S-NH compounds are known with S4N4 as their parent.
Ahmad Yakob
Ahmad bin Yakob (born 1 February 1950) is a Malaysian politician and teacher who has served as Member of the Kelantan State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Pasir Pekan since April 1995. He served as the Menteri Besar of Kelantan from May 2013 to August 2023. He is a member, Deputy Spiritual Leader and State Commissioner of Kelantan of the Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS), a component party of the Perikatan Nasional (PN) coalition.

Menteri Besar of Kelantan
The Menteri Besar of Kelantan or Chief Minister of Kelantan is the head of government in the Malaysian state of Kelantan. According to convention, the Menteri Besar is the leader of the largest party or coalition in the Kelantan State Legislative Assembly.

The 19th Menteri Besar of Kelantan has been Mohd Nassuruddin Daud since 15 August 2023.
Elections in Togo
Elections in Togo take place within the framework of a presidential system. Both the President and the National Assembly are directly elected by voters. Togo is a one party dominant state with the Union for the Republic in power.

Party of Togolese Unity
The Party of Togolese Unity (French: Parti de l'unité togolaise, PUT), initially known as the Committee of Togolese Unity (Comité de l'unité togolaise, CUT) until 1963, was a political party in Togo. The party was formed on 13 March 1941 as CUT and led by Sylvanus Olympio. CUT gradually became more radical, and from 1947 onwards it demanded self-determination. In 1951, a moderate faction broke away and formed the Union of Chiefs and Peoples of the North (UCPN). During the period from 1951 to 1958, CUT was the main opposition party in French Togoland, and represented the mainstream of the anticolonialist movement in the territory.
1998 ATP German Open
The 1998 German Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 92nd edition of the Hamburg Masters (German Open), and was part of the ATP Super 9 of the 1998 ATP Tour. It took place at the Rothenbaum Tennis Center in Hamburg, Germany, from through 4 May through 11 May 1998.

The men's field was headlined by ATP No. 1, Indian Wells, Miami, Auckland titlist, Australian Open finalist Marcelo Ríos, Antwerp winner, Indian Wells and 1997 U.S. Open runner-up Greg Rusedski and Marseille runner-up, 1994 Hamburg winner Yevgeny Kafelnikov. Other top seeds competing were Dubai titlist Àlex Corretja, Gustavo Kuerten, Karol Kučera, Richard Krajicek and Alberto Berasategui.

1998 Dubai Tennis Championships
The 1998 Dubai Tennis Championships was a men's tennis tournaments played on outdoor hard courts at the Aviation Club Tennis Centre in Dubai in the United Arab Emirates that were part of the World Series of the 1998 ATP Tour. The tournament was held from 9 February through 15 February 1998. Fourth-seeded Àlex Corretja won the singles title.
Apostolic see
An apostolic see is an episcopal see whose foundation is attributed to one or more of the apostles of Jesus or to one of their close associates. In Catholicism, the phrase "the Apostolic See" when capitalized refers specifically to the See of Rome.

Tertullian (c. 155 − c. 240) gives examples of apostolic sees: he describes as churches "in which the very thrones of the apostles are still pre-eminent in their places, in which their own authentic writings are read, uttering the voice and representing the face of each of them severally" the following churches: Corinth, Philippi, Ephesus, and Rome.

Tertullian says that from these "all the other churches, one after another, derived the tradition of the faith, and the seeds of doctrine, and are every day deriving them, that they may become churches. Indeed, it is on this account only that they will be able to deem themselves apostolic, as being the offspring of apostolic churches".

Andrew the Apostle
Andrew the Apostle (Koine Greek: Ἀνδρέας, romanized: Andréas [anˈdre.aːs̠]; Latin: Andreas [än̪ˈd̪reː.äːs]; Aramaic: אַנדּרֵאוָס; Classical Syriac: ܐܰܢܕ݁ܪܶܐܘܳܣ, romanized: ʾAnd'raʾwās) was an apostle of Jesus. According to the New Testament, he was a fisherman and one of the Twelve Apostles chosen by Jesus.

The title First-Called (Πρωτόκλητος, Prōtoklētos) used by the Eastern Orthodox Church stems from the Gospel of John, where Andrew, initially a disciple of John the Baptist, follows Jesus and, recognising him as the Messiah, introduces his brother Peter to him.

According to Eastern Orthodox tradition, the apostolic successor to Andrew is the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople.
Lackawanna Limited wreck
The Lackawanna Limited wreck occurred when a Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad (DL&W) passenger train, the New York-Buffalo Lackawanna Limited with 500 passengers, crashed into a freight train on August 30, 1943, killing 29 people in the small Steuben County community of Wayland in upstate New York, approximately 40 miles (64 km) south of Rochester.

Steuben County, New York
Steuben County (/ˈstjuːbən/ STEW-bən or /stjuːˈbɛn/ stew-BEN) is a county located in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, its population was 93,584. Its county seat is Bath. Its name is in honor of Baron von Steuben, a Prussian general who fought on the American side in the American Revolutionary War, though it is not pronounced the same (German: [fɔn ˈʃtɔʏbn̩]). The county is part of the Southern Tier region of the state.

Steuben County comprises the Corning, NY micropolitan statistical area, which is also included in the Elmira-Corning, NY combined statistical area.
Myscelia cyananthe
Myscelia cyananthe, the blackened bluewing, is a species of tropical brushfoot in the butterfly family Nymphalidae. It is found in North America.

The MONA or Hodges number for Myscelia cyananthe is 4531.

Biblidinae
Biblidinae is a subfamily of nymphalid butterflies that includes the tropical brushfoots. This subfamily was sometimes merged within the Limenitidinae, but they are now recognized as quite distinct lineages. In older literature, this subfamily is sometimes called Eurytelinae.

As of 2008, some 340 valid species are in this subfamily, placed in 38 genera. Most species of Biblidinae are Neotropical, but there are some Old World species and genera in the tribes Biblidini and Epicaliini.
Chaves, Portugal
Chaves (European Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈʃavɨʃ] ⓘ), officially the City of Chaves (Portuguese: Cidade de Chaves), is a city and a municipality in the north of Portugal. It is 10 km south of the Spanish border and 22 km south of Verín (Spain). The population of the entire municipality in 2011 was 41,243, in an area of 591.23 km2. The municipality is the second most populous of the district of Vila Real (the district capital, Vila Real, is 60 km south on the A24 motorway). With origins in the Roman civitas Aquæ Flaviæ, Chaves has developed into a regional centre. The urban area or city proper has 17,535 residents (2001).

Military Order of Aviz
The Military Order of Aviz (Portuguese: Ordem Militar de Avis), known previously to 1910 as the Royal Military Order of Saint Benedict of Aviz (Portuguese: Real Ordem Militar de São Bento de Avis), and before 1789 as the Knights of Saint Benedict of Aviz (Portuguese: Ordem de São Bento de Avis) or Friars of Santa Maria of Évora, is one of the four former ancient Portuguese military orders. It gave its name and coat of arms to the House of Aviz that ruled Portugal between 1385 and 1580. The founding king of House of Aviz, John I of Portugal, was an illegitimate son of a previous king, and thus not a member of his father's Portuguese House of Burgundy; however, John was the grand master of the Order of Aviz, and thus was known as "John of Aviz." Founded in 1146, it is the oldest Portuguese honorific order.
Arrocampo Reservoir
(This article is a summary translation of Spanish article Embalse de Arrocampo of Wikipedia (es))

The Arrocampo Reservoir, (embalse de Arrocampo or embalse de Arrocampo-Almaraz in Spanish), is located in the province of Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain.

It was created at 1976 to refrigerate the turbines of the Almaraz Nuclear Power Plant.
The nearest municipalities are Almaraz, Romangordo, Saucedilla and Serrejón.
The dam is on the Arrocampo River (arroyo Arrocampo), very close to where this little river joins the Tagus.

Great egret
The great egret (Ardea alba), also known as the common egret, large egret, great white egret, or great white heron, is a large, widely distributed egret.  The four subspecies are found in Asia, Africa, the Americas, and southern Europe.  Recently, it has also been spreading to more northern areas of Europe. Distributed across most of the tropical and warmer temperate regions of the world, it builds tree nests in colonies close to water.
HD 154672
HD 154672 is a yellow subgiant (spectral type G3 IV). It is about 65 parsecs away from the Sun that is larger than, but of a similar mass to, the Sun. However, HD 154672 is much older. The star is very metal-rich, which is one of the reasons why it was targeted for a planet search by the N2K Consortium, which discovered the gas giant planet HD 154672 b using Doppler Spectroscopy; the discovery was reported in October 2008. The N2K collaboration chose HD 154672 primarily because it aimed to discover the correlation between a star's metallicity and the mass of orbiting planets.

HD 154672 was targeted by the Magellan Telescopes. It is the host of the first planet discovered from the telescopes by N2K.

Hot Jupiter
Hot Jupiters (sometimes called hot Saturns) are a class of gas giant exoplanets that are inferred to be physically similar to Jupiter (i.e. Jupiter analogues) but that have very short orbital periods (P < 10 days). The close proximity to their stars and high surface-atmosphere temperatures resulted in their informal name "hot Jupiters".

Hot Jupiters are the easiest extrasolar planets to detect via the radial-velocity method, because the oscillations they induce in their parent stars' motion are relatively large and rapid compared to those of other known types of planets. One of the best-known hot Jupiters is 51 Pegasi b. Discovered in 1995, it was the first extrasolar planet found orbiting a Sun-like star. 51 Pegasi b has an orbital period of about four days.
Abell catalogue
The Abell catalog of rich clusters of galaxies is an all-sky catalog of 4,073 rich galaxy clusters of nominal redshift z ≤ 0.2. This catalog supplements a revision of George O. Abell's original "Northern Survey" of 1958, which had only 2,712 clusters, with a further 1,361 clusters – the "Southern Survey" of 1989, published after Abell's death by co-authors Harold G. Corwin and Ronald P. Olowin from those parts of the south celestial hemisphere that had been omitted from the earlier survey.

The Abell catalog, and especially its clusters, are of interest to amateur astronomers as challenge objects to be viewed in dark locations on large aperture amateur telescopes.

Galactic coordinate system
The galactic coordinate system (GCS) is a celestial coordinate system in spherical coordinates, with the Sun as its center, the primary direction aligned with the approximate center of the Milky Way Galaxy, and the fundamental plane parallel to an approximation of the galactic plane but offset to its north. It uses the right-handed convention, meaning that coordinates are positive toward the north and toward the east in the fundamental plane.