hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
German submarine U-93 (1940)
German submarine U-93 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. She was laid down on 9 September 1939 at the F. Krupp Germaniawerft in Kiel as yard number 598, launched on 8 June 1940 and commissioned on 30 July 1940 under Kapitänleutnant Claus Korth.

She sank eight ships of 43,392 gross register tons (GRT) in seven patrols but was herself sunk by a British destroyer on 15 January 1942.

Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft
Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft (often just called Germaniawerft, "Germania shipyard") was a German shipbuilding company, located in the harbour at Kiel, and one of the largest and most important builders of U-boats for the Kaiserliche Marine in World War I and the Kriegsmarine in World War II. The original company was founded in 1867 but went bankrupt and was bought out by Friedrich Krupp. Krupp was very interested in building warships and in the time before the First World War built a number of battleships for the Kaiserliche Marine, including SMS Posen, SMS Prinzregent Luitpold, SMS Kronprinz, and SMS Sachsen. A total of 84 U-boats were built in the shipyard during the war. After the war it returned to the normal production of yachts and transports.
1948–49 New York Rangers season
The 1948–49 New York Rangers season was the franchise's 23rd season. During the regular season, the Rangers compiled an 18–31–11 record, and finished with 47 points. The Rangers' last-place finish caused them to miss the NHL playoffs for the first time since the 1946–47 season.

1948–49 NHL season
The 1948–49 NHL season was the 32nd season of the National Hockey League. Six teams played 60 games each. In a rematch of the previous season, Toronto defeated Detroit in the Stanley Cup Finals to win the championship.
Porur Bypass metro station
Porur Bypass is an upcoming elevated metro station on the East-West Corridor of the Yellow Line of Chennai Metro in Chennai, India. This metro station will be among the 30 stations of Corridor IV and 12 underground stations along Corridor IV of the Chennai Metro, Poonamallee Bypass–Lighthouse stretch. This station is slated to be commercialized on December 2025.

Lighthouse metro station
Lighthouse Metro station is a Metro railway station under construction in Yellow Line of the Chennai Metro Phase-2. The station is one among the 30 stations along Line 4 of the Chennai Metro and one of the 12 underground stations in that corridor. It is the terminal station for the stretch between Lighthouse and Poonamallee Bypass. The station will serve the neighbourhoods of Triplicane, Mylapore, and Santhome.
Tango McCauley
Tango Lee McCauley Sr. (born October 27, 1978) is an American former professional football offensive lineman. He played college football at Texas A&M University and Alabama State University

In his career, McCauley was a member of the Saskatchewan Roughriders, British Columbia Lions, Dallas Cowboys, Carolina Panthers, Chicago Rush, Montreal Alouettes, New Orleans VooDoo, Austin Wranglers, and Cleveland Gladiators.

Alabama State University
Alabama State University (Alabama State, 'Bama State, or ASU) is a public historically Black university (HBCU) in Montgomery, Alabama, United States. Founded in 1867 during the Reconstruction era, it was one of about 180 "normal schools" established by state governments in the 19th century to train teachers for the rapidly growing public common schools. It was one of 23 established to train African Americans to teach in segregated schools. ASU is a member-school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund.

Alabama State's athletic teams, known as the Hornets, compete in NCAA Division I as members of the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC).
2025 COSAFA Under-17 Championship
The 2025 COSAFA U-17 Youth Championship (officially known as the TotalEnergies U-17 Africa Cup of Nations 2026 — COSAFA Qualifiers) was the 13th edition of the COSAFA U-17 Youth Championship (and the 5th time the tournament served as the qualifiers for the continental final tournament), the international youth football championship organised by COSAFA for the men's under-17 national teams of Southern Africa. Zimbabwe was the host of the tournament.

Zambia were the defending champions, having defeated Angola 2–1 in the final of the previous edition, but failed to make it past the group stage. South Africa won their fourth title defeating Angola 2–1 in the final.

2026 U-17 Africa Cup of Nations qualification
The 2026 U-17 Africa Cup of Nations qualification is a men's under-17 football competition that decided the participating teams of the 2026 U-17 Africa Cup of Nations.

Players born on 1 January 2009 or later were eligible to participate in the competition. The host country for the final stage of the edition is Morocco, appointed during the annual CAF Executive Committee meeting along the 2024 CAF Awards ceremony in Marrakesh, Morocco where CAF appointed the country as host.
Pumpable ice technology
Pumpable ice technology (PIT) uses thin liquids, with the cooling capacity of ice.  Pumpable ice is typically a slurry of ice crystals or particles ranging from 5 micrometers to 1 cm in diameter and transported in brine, seawater, food liquid, or gas bubbles of air, ozone, or carbon dioxide.

Condenser (heat transfer)
In systems involving heat transfer, a condenser is a heat exchanger used to condense a gaseous substance into a liquid state through cooling. In doing so, the latent heat is released by the substance and transferred to the surrounding environment. Condensers are used for efficient heat rejection in many industrial systems. Condensers can be made according to numerous designs and come in many sizes ranging from rather small (hand-held) to very large (industrial-scale units used in plant processes). For example, a refrigerator uses a condenser to get rid of heat extracted from the interior of the unit to the outside air.

Condensers are used in air conditioning, industrial chemical processes such as distillation, steam power plants, and other heat-exchange systems. The use of cooling water or surrounding air as the coolant is common in many condensers.
USS Mayflower (1897)
The second USS Suwannee and third USS Mayflower was a United States Lighthouse Board, and later United States Lighthouse Service, lighthouse tender transferred to the United States Navy in 1898 for service as an auxiliary cruiser during the Spanish–American War and from 1917 to 1919 for service as a patrol vessel during World War I. She also served the Lighthouse Board and in the Lighthouse Service as USLHT Mayflower from 1897 to 1898, from 1898 to 1917, and from 1919 to 1939, and in the United States Coast Guard as the first USCGC Mayflower (WAGL-236) in 1939 and from 1940 to 1943 and as USCGC Hydrangea (WAGL-236) from 1943 to 1945.

Armed merchantman
An armed merchantman is a merchant ship equipped with guns, usually for defensive purposes, either by design or after the fact. In the days of sail, piracy and privateers, many merchantmen would be routinely armed, especially those engaging in long distance and high value trade. In more modern times, auxiliary cruisers were used offensively as merchant raiders to disrupt trade chiefly during both World War I and World War II, particularly by Germany.

While armed merchantmen are clearly inferior to purpose-built warships, sometimes they have scored successes in combat against them. Examples include East Indiamen mimicking ships of the line and chasing off regular French warships in the Battle of Pulo Aura in 1804, and the German auxiliary cruiser Kormoran sinking the Australian light cruiser HMAS Sydney in their battle in 1941, although Kormoran was also destroyed and had to be scuttled.
PHSCologram
PHSCologram is a registered trademark for barrier-strip and lenticular autostereograms made by Chicago-based art collective (Art)n laboratory.

The barrier strip technique is similar in principle to lenticular printing, but with the use of a black line grid instead of a lenticular lens to select which image is seen.

The capital letters in the name stand for photography, holography, sculpture, and computer graphics. The term was originally coined to refer to larger sculptural installations that included actual holograms as well as barrier-strip autostereograms, but in later years the name was taken to apply to digital autostereographic panels alone.

PHSColograms may be seen in permanent installations at the Museum of Jewish Heritage, the Hope Diamond exhibit at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History, Chicago Midway International Airport, and in the collection of Elton John.

Autostereoscopy
Autostereoscopy is the display of stereoscopic imagery, typically two-view stereoscopic imagery, in a way that doesn't require special glasses or headgear. Because headgear is not required, it is also called "glasses-free 3D" or "glassesless 3D".

There are two broad approaches currently used to accommodate motion parallax and wider viewing angles: eye-tracking, and multiple views so that the display does not need to sense where the viewer's eyes are located. Examples of autostereoscopic displays technology include lenticular lens, parallax barrier, and integral imaging. Volumetric and holographic displays are also autostereoscopic, as they produce a different image to each eye, although some do make a distinction between those types of displays that create a vergence-accommodation conflict and those that do not.

Autostereoscopic displays based on parallax barrier and lenticular methodologies have been known for about 100 years.
Tucows
Tucows Inc. is an American–Canadian publicly traded Internet services and telecommunications company headquartered in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and incorporated in Pennsylvania, United States. The company is composed of three independent businesses: Tucows Domains, Ting Internet, and Wavelo.

Originally founded in 1993 as a shareware and freeware software download site, Tucows shuttered its downloads business in 2021.

In 2012, Tucows launched Ting Mobile, a wireless service provider and used the same brand to launch its fiber Internet provider business Ting Internet in 2015. In 2020, Tucows sold its wireless business to Dish Network, while they continued to operate Ting Internet. The billing platform Tucows built for Ting Mobile was spun off into an independent OSS/BSS SaaS business, Wavelo.

The company was formed in Flint, Michigan, United States, in 1993. The Tucows logo was two cow heads, a play on the homophone "two cows".

Freeware
Freeware is software, often proprietary, that is distributed at no monetary cost to the end user. There is no agreed-upon set of rights, license, or EULA that defines freeware unambiguously; every publisher defines its own rules for the freeware it offers. For instance, modification, redistribution by third parties, and reverse engineering are permitted by some publishers but prohibited by others. Unlike with free and open-source software, which are also often distributed free of charge, the source code for freeware is typically not made available. Freeware may be intended to benefit its producer by, for example, encouraging sales of a more capable version, as in the freemium and shareware business models; or by collecting and selling user's personal data.
Oregon Central Railroad
The Oregon Central Rail Road was the name of two railroad companies in the U.S. state of Oregon, each of which claimed federal land grants that had been assigned to the state in 1866 to assist in building a line from Portland south into California. The "East Side Company" of Salem (incorporated 1867), supported by businessman Ben Holladay, eventually received the grant for its line east of the Willamette River, and was reorganized in 1870 as the Oregon and California Railroad (O&C), which completed the line in 1887. Portland supported the competing "West Side Company" (incorporated 1866), which only built to McMinnville, and was sold to the O&C in 1880. The O&C was later acquired by the Southern Pacific Company, and mostly remains as part of the Union Pacific Railroad's I-5 Corridor; the West Side line is now operated by the Portland and Western Railroad between Beaverton and Forest Grove.

Beaverton, Oregon
Beaverton is a city in the Tualatin Valley, located in Washington County in the U.S. state of Oregon, with a small portion bordering Portland. The city is among the main cities that make up the Portland metropolitan area. Its population was 97,494 at the 2020 census, making it the second most populous city in the county and the seventh-most populous city in Oregon. Beaverton is an economic center for Washington County along with neighboring Hillsboro.
Tassajara Fire
The Tassajara Fire was a wildfire that started on September 20, 2015, in the Santa Lucia Range, in Monterey County, California.

The fire swiftly burned 1,086 acres (4 km2) of land in a rural, residential area near the Los Padres Forest, including 12 homes and numerous outbuildings.

It was contained a week later on September 27.

The smoke plume was visible throughout the Monterey Bay and Salinas Valley regions.

Santa Lucia Range
The Santa Lucia Range (sæntə luˈsiːə) or Santa Lucia Mountains is a rugged mountain range in coastal Central California, running from Carmel southeast for 140 miles (230 km) to the Cuyama River in San Luis Obispo County. The range is never more than 11 miles (18 km) from the coast.: 11  The range forms the steepest coastal slope in the contiguous United States. Cone Peak at 5,158 feet (1,572 m) tall and three miles (5 km) from the coast, is the highest peak in proximity to the ocean in the lower 48 United States. The range was a barrier to exploring the coast of central California for early Spanish explorers.
Neeta Devi
Neeta Devi is an Indian kho kho player from Himachal Pradesh. She plays for the India women's national kho kho team as a Wazir. She was part of the Indian women's team that won the inaugural Kho Kho World Cup held at New Delhi in January 2025.

Kho Kho World Cup
The Kho Kho World Cup is an international kho kho tournament. It is sanctioned by the International Kho Kho Federation.

The first Kho Kho World Cup took place in New Delhi, India from 13 to 19 January 2025. It witnessed the participation of 23 countries from six continents, featuring 20 men’s and 19 women’s teams. It was played under the seven-a-side fast format, which is used for Ultimate Kho Kho. India won both the men's and women's titles in the inaugural edition, staying unbeaten throughout the tournament.
Giulio Quaglio the Elder
Giulio Quaglio the Elder (1610–1658 or after) was an Italian painter of frescoes.
He was a follower of Tintoretto. He is known to have worked in Vienna, Salzburg, and Ljubljana.

His son, Giulio Quaglio the Younger, was born in Laino and established himself in the Friuli about the end of the 17th century.

Giulio the Younger, who died in 1720, is best known for his frescoes at the chapel of the Monte di Pietà, in Udine.

They are both part of a large family of artists and architects from the town of Laino, between Lake Lugano and Lake Como, and which included Giuseppe Quaglio and his sons Lorenzo the Younger, Simon, and Domenico; Lorenzo Quaglio the Elder; and Giovanni Maria Quaglio the Elder and his son.

Laino
Laino (Comasco: Laìn [laˈĩː]) is a comune (municipality) in the province of Como in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) north of Milan and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) north of Como.

Laino borders the following municipalities: Alta Valle Intelvi, Blessagno, Centro Valle Intelvi, Claino con Osteno, Colonno, Pigra, Ponna.

Painter Livio Retti was born in Laino (30 November 1692).
Peter Mensah
Peter Mensah (born 27 August 1959) is a Ghanaian-British actor, based in Canada. He is best known for his role as Oenomaus on the Starz television series Spartacus (2010–2013). He has also appeared in such films as Tears of the Sun, Hidalgo, The Incredible Hulk, 300,  Avatar, and  Gladiator II.

Tears of the Sun
Tears of the Sun is a 2003 American action thriller film directed by Antoine Fuqua. It depicts a fictitious U.S. Navy SEAL team rescue mission amidst the 21st-century version of the Nigerian Civil War. Lieutenant A.K. Waters (Bruce Willis) commands the team sent to rescue U.S. citizen Dr. Lena Fiore Kendricks (Monica Bellucci)  before the approaching rebels reach her jungle hospital.

Willis produced Tears of the Sun through Cheyenne Enterprises, his production company.
2008 Brownlow Medal
The 2008 Brownlow Medal was the 81st year the award was presented to the player adjudged the fairest and best player during the Australian Football League (AFL) home and away season. Adam Cooney of the Western Bulldogs won the medal by polling twenty-four votes during the 2008 AFL season. Pre-vote favourite, Gary Ablett and sentimental favourite, Matthew Richardson finished equal third on twenty-two votes. Cooney polled twenty-four votes, one ahead of Brisbane's Simon Black, who won the award in 2002 and was equal second in 2007.

Adam Cooney
Adam Cooney (born 30 September 1985) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the Western Bulldogs and Essendon Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). He won the Brownlow Medal in 2008, with 24 votes becoming the tenth Western Bulldogs player to win the award.
Valery Skrug
Valery Stepanovich Skrug (Russian: Валерий Степанович Скруг; 20 June 1963, Vikno, Chernivtsi Oblast, Zastavna Raion) is a Russian political figure, deputy of the 5th, 7th and 8th State Dumas.

In 1994, Skrug was appointed president of the Belgorod Region Chamber of Commerce and Industry. In 2001 and 2005, he was elected deputy of the Belgorod City Duma of the 3rd and 4th convocations. In 2011, he received a deputy mandate for the 5th State Duma. Skrug was re-elected in 2016 and 2021 for the 7th and 8th State Dumas, respectively.

7th State Duma
The State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of the 7th convocation (Russian: Государственная Дума Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации седьмого созыва) is a former convocation of the lower house of Russian parliament.

The composition of the 7th State Duma was based on the results of the 2016 parliamentary election. Elections were held using a mixed system: 225 deputies were elected on party lists and 225 — in single-member constituencies. Of the 14 parties participating in the elections, only four were able to overcome the required 5% electoral threshold. Two more parties and one independent candidate were able to enter the State Duma via single-mandate constituencies.
Caught Up in the Country
Caught Up in the Country is the fifth studio album by American country music artist Rodney Atkins. It was released on May 10, 2019, through Curb Records.

Caught Up in the Country was Atkins' first studio album since Take a Back Road nearly eight years earlier. The album features two duets with his wife Rose Falcon, as well as an appearance by the Fisk Jubilee Singers.

The album was produced by Ted Hewitt, Blake Bollinger, and Atkins.

Rose Falcon
Rose Falcon (born May 2, 1984) is an American singer and songwriter. Falcon's songs have been recorded by Faith Hill, Lady A, Day of Fire, Eric Paslay, and Jessie James Decker. Falcon has also written and performed songs which are included in the soundtracks of Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen, Master of Disguise, Raising Helen, Dawson's Creek, Hart of Dixie, and Inspector Gadget 2 and have also been used in ad campaigns for Verizon Wireless, JC Penney, Build-A-Bear Workshop, and Estée Lauder.

Falcon is currently signed to Spirit Music Group out of Nashville, Tennessee.
Toolamba–Echuca railway line
The Toolamba–Echuca railway is a broad-gauge cross-country rail link between the towns of Toolamba and Echuca in Victoria, Australia. As a railway route to and from Echuca, it provides an alternative to the usual route via Bendigo. The line has not been used for passenger services since 1981, and goods movements on the line are intermittent, with it being booked out of service at times. The line was re-opened for goods traffic while there was track work on the Shepparton line between Seymour and Shepparton. On 3 October 2013 the line was re-opened after an upgrade, but was booked out of service again in 2020 due to track conditions.

Tocumwal railway line, Victoria
The Tocumwal railway line is a 1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in) gauge railway line in Victoria, Australia. The line runs between the border town of Tocumwal in New South Wales to Southern Cross station in Melbourne. The line is used by various passenger and freight trains serving the northern suburbs of Melbourne and northern regions of Victoria.
Strengthen the Arm of Liberty Monument (Pine Bluff, Arkansas)
The Strengthen the Arm of Liberty Monument is a replica of the Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World) in Pine Bluff Memorial Gardens, on the south side of 10th Avenue between Georgia and State Street in Pine Bluff, Arkansas.  It was placed by the Boy Scouts of America (BSA) as part of its 1950s era campaign, "Strengthen the Arm of Liberty."  The statue is 8 feet (2.4 m) in height, made of copper, and is mounted on concrete base 3.5 feet (1.1 m) tall.  The statue faces north, toward the Pine Bluff Civic Center, and there is a bronze commemorative plaque on the north face of the base.  It is one of two BSA-placed statues in the state; the other is in Fayetteville.

The statue was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.

Strengthen the Arm of Liberty Monument (Fayetteville, Arkansas)
The Strengthen the Arm of Liberty Monument in Fayetteville, Arkansas, is a replica of the Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World). It was placed by the Boy Scouts of America as part of its 1950s-era campaign, "Strengthen the Arm of Liberty".

It is located in front of Washington Regional Medical Center on North Hills Blvd.

The statue was removed from the National Register of Historic Places in 2012 when it was improperly moved to its new location, but was later relisted.
Stylolite
Stylolites (Greek: stylos, pillar; lithos, stone) are serrated surfaces within a rock mass at which mineral material has been removed by pressure dissolution, in a deformation process that decreases the total volume of rock. Minerals which are insoluble in water, such as clays, pyrite and oxides, as well as insoluble organic matter, remain within the stylolites and make them visible. Sometimes host rocks contain no insoluble minerals, in which case stylolites can be recognized by change in texture of the rock.  They occur most commonly in homogeneous rocks, carbonates, cherts, sandstones, but they can be found in certain igneous rocks and ice. Their size vary from microscopic contacts between two grains (microstylolites) to large structures up to 20 m in length and up to 10 m in amplitude in ice.  Stylolites usually form parallel to bedding, because of overburden pressure, but they can be oblique or even perpendicular to bedding, as a result of tectonic activity.

Tectonics
Tectonics (from Ancient Greek  τεκτονικός tektonikós 'pertaining to building' via Latin tectonicus) are the processes that result in the structure and properties of Earth's crust and its evolution through time. The field of planetary tectonics extends the concept to other planets and moons.

These processes include those of mountain-building, the growth and behavior of the strong, old cores of continents known as cratons, and the ways in which the relatively rigid plates that constitute Earth's outer shell interact with each other. Principles of tectonics also provide a framework for understanding the earthquake and volcanic belts that directly affect much of the global population.

Tectonic studies are important as guides for economic geologists searching for fossil fuels and ore deposits of metallic and nonmetallic resources. An understanding of tectonic principles can help geomorphologists to explain erosion patterns and other Earth-surface features.