hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Xanthoproteic reaction
The xanthoproteic reaction is a method that can be used to detect a presence of protein soluble in a solution, using concentrated nitric acid. The test gives a positive result in amino acids carrying aromatic groups, especially in the presence of tyrosine. If the test is positive the proof is neutralized with an alkali, turning dark yellow. The yellow colour is due to xanthoproteic acid which is formed due to nitration of certain amino acids, most common examples being tyrosine and tryptophan. This chemical reaction is a qualitative test, determining the presence or absence of proteins.

Tyrosine
L-Tyrosine or tyrosine (symbol Tyr or Y) or 4-hydroxyphenylalanine is one of the 20 standard amino acids that are used by cells to synthesize proteins. It is a conditionally essential amino acid with a polar side group. The word "tyrosine" is from the Greek tyrós, meaning cheese, as it was first discovered in 1846 by German chemist Justus von Liebig in the protein casein from cheese. It is called tyrosyl when referred to as a functional group or side chain. While tyrosine is generally classified as a hydrophobic amino acid, it is more hydrophilic than phenylalanine. It is encoded by the codons UAC and UAU in messenger RNA.

The one-letter symbol Y was assigned to tyrosine for being alphabetically nearest of those letters available. Note that T was assigned to the structurally simpler threonine, U was avoided for its similarity with V for valine, W was assigned to tryptophan, while X was reserved for undetermined or atypical amino acids. The mnemonic tYrosine was also proposed.
Mark P. Shea
Mark P. Shea (born August 5, 1958) is an American author, blogger, and speaker working in the field of Roman Catholic apologetics.

Born on August 5, 1958, and raised in Everett, Washington, Shea describes himself as a "double-jump convert[,] raised more or less as an agnostic pagan, [who] became a non-denominational Evangelical in 1979, and entered the Catholic Church in 1987".

St. Anthony Messenger
St. Anthony Messenger is a national Roman Catholic family magazine published by the Franciscan Friars (O.F.M.) of St. John the Baptist Province, Cincinnati, Ohio in the United States, with the explicit ecclesiastical approval of the Archbishop of Cincinnati.
NcFTPd
NcFTPd is the FTP server written by NcFTP Software Inc.  Unlike the client application from the same company, NcFTP, NcFTPd is distributed under a proprietary license.  Having been released in 1991 with continuing releases through 2012, it is one of the most venerable server software in use on the Internet.

FTP server
An FTP server is computer software consisting of one or more programs that can execute commands given by remote client(s) such as receiving, sending, deleting files, creating or removing directories, etc. The software may run as a software component of a program, as a standalone program or even as one or more processes (in the background).

An FTP server plays the role of a server in a client–server model using the FTP and/or the FTPS and/or the SFTP network protocol(s).

An FTP server can also be intended as a computer that runs an FTP server program to host collections of files.  Big FTP sites can be run by many computers in order to be able to serve the desired maximum number of clients connected to servers.

A client program connects to an FTP server, then, unless anonymous access is enabled, it has to authenticate itself by sending username and password;  after that it can retrieve and/or send files to the server along with other operations (depending on user's privileges).
Talwandi Sanghra
Talwandi Sanghera(Punjabi: Talavaṇḍī saṅgahirā) is a village in Nakodar in Jalandhar district of Punjab. It is located 6.7 kilometres (4.2 mi) from Nakodar, 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from Kapurthala, 36 kilometres (22 mi) from district headquarter Jalandhar and 164 kilometres (102 mi) from state capital Chandigarh.

Nakodar
Nakodar is a town and a municipal council in Jalandhar district in the Indian state of Punjab.

The city is almost 365 km from Delhi, 25 km from Jalandhar, 49 km from Ludhiana, and about 101 km from Amritsar. Surrounding villages include Chak Mughlani, Maheru, Allowal, Mehatpur (Haripur) (Bhullar) Nawan Pind Jattan, Heran, Bir Pind, (Aulakh), Shankar, Nur Pur Chatha, Sarih, Malri, Khanpur Dhadda, Uggi, and Malhian Kalan.

The town is well paved and currently forms a Tehsil of District Jalandhar. Outside the town, there are two large tombs dating from the times of Emperor Jahangir, later one of them is said to be the burial place of the adviser of Emperor Shah Jahan, but it is not known who stand buried in the earlier tomb.
Bidonì
Bidonì (Sardinian: Bidunìu) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Oristano in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) north of Cagliari and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northeast of Oristano.

Bidonì borders the following municipalities: Ghilarza, Nughedu Santa Vittoria, Sedilo, Sorradile.

Oristano
Oristano (Italian: [oriˈstaːno] ⓘ; Sardinian: Aristanis [aɾiˈstanizi]) is the capital and largest city of the Province of Oristano in the central-western part of the autonomous island region of Sardinia in Italy. It is located on the northern part of the Campidano plain. It was established as the provincial capital on 16 July 1974. As of 2025, with a population of 30,007, Oristano is the 7th-largest city in Sardinia.

The economy of Oristano is based mainly on services, agriculture, tourism and small industries.
1975 South Orange Open
The 1975 South Orange Open, also known as the Tennis Week Open, was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Orange Lawn Tennis Club in South Orange, New Jersey in the United States. It was classified as a Group B category tournament and was part of the 1975 Grand Prix circuit. It was the sixth edition of the tournament on the Grand Prix circuit and was held from August 18 through August 24, 1975. Second-seeded Ilie Năstase won the singles title. The final was delayed for two days due to rain.

1975 Grand Prix (tennis)
The 1975 Commercial Union Assurance Grand Prix was a professional tennis circuit administered by the International Lawn Tennis Federation (ILTF) which served as a forerunner to the current Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) World Tour and the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) Tour. The circuit consisted of the four modern Grand Slam tournaments and open tournaments recognised by the ILTF. The Commercial Union Assurance Masters, Davis Cup Final and Nations Cup are included in this calendar but did not count towards the Grand Prix.

The men's schedule started in December 1974 with the Australian Open and continued in May 1975 following the conclusion of the rival 1975 World Championship Tennis circuit which ran from January to early May.
Eskişehir railway station
Eskişehir railway station (Turkish: Eskişehir garı) is the main railway station in Eskişehir, Turkey. The station is part of a major railway facility, which is one of the largest in the country. Prior to the cancellation of all non-high-speed trains between Ankara and Istanbul, Eskişehir station was one of the busiest stations in Turkey. Eskişehir is served by high-speed trains on the Ankara–Istanbul line. Due to its geographical location, the city is an important railway junction, where two main lines meet. The largest railway factory in Turkey, owned by TÜLOMSAŞ, is located next to the station as well as serving as the headquarters for the company.

Eskişehir railway station  is located towards the northwestern part of the city center. Estram tram lines serve the station with a direct link the heart of the cities as well as the main north and south districts.

The station was built in 1891 by the Anatolian Railway and officially opened on 31 December 1892.

Eskişehir
Eskişehir (US: /ˌɛskɪʃəˈhɪər/ ES-kish-ə-HEER, Turkish: [esˈkiʃehiɾ]; from eski 'old' and şehir 'city') is a city in northwestern Turkey and the capital of the Eskişehir Province. The urban population of the city is 821 315 (Odunpazarı + Tepebaşı), with a metropolitan population of 921 630.

The city is located on the banks of the Porsuk River, 792 m above sea level, where it overlooks the fertile Phrygian Valley. In the nearby hills one can find hot springs. The city is 233 km (145 mi) to the west of Ankara, 330 km (205 mi) to the southeast of Istanbul and 78 km (48 mi) to the northeast of Kütahya. It is located in the vicinity of the ancient city of Dorylaeum.

Known as a university town, it houses Eskişehir Technical University, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, and Anadolu University. The province covers an area of 2,678 km2 (1,034 sq mi).
Gord Smith (sculptor)
Gordon Hammond Smith RCA (October 8, 1937 – November 4, 2023) was a Canadian artist who sculpted geometric forms in metal and wood. He was considered one of Canada's leading sculptors of the postwar period and his work is marked by a great diversity of styles inspired by music, nature, and other themes. Trained in architecture and engineering, he produced work in metal that reflects a mastery of technique and conveys great flexibility.

Musée d'art contemporain de Montréal
The Musée d'art contemporain de Montréal (French pronunciation: [myze daʁ kɔ̃tɑ̃pɔʁɛ̃ də mɔ̃ʁeal], MACM) is a contemporary art museum in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is located on the Place des festivals in the Quartier des spectacles and is part of the Place des Arts complex.

Founded in 1964, it is Canada's first museum devoted to contemporary art. Initially housed in the Place Ville-Marie, the museum moved into the premises of the Château Dufresne in 1965, followed by an exhibition gallery from Expo 67 in 1968. In 1992, the museum moved to its current premises at Place des Arts in Montreal.
Boonville Correctional Center
Boonville Correctional Center (BCC) is located at 1216 East Morgan Street in Boonville, Missouri. It is a minimum security C-1 state penitentiary housing approximately 1,300 male inmates.

BCC was constructed in 1889 as the Missouri Training School for Boys. The facility was transferred to the Department of Corrections on July 1, 1983, and operates to this day in that capacity.

The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983 as Historic District H.: 40–42  
Notable buildings on its campus still standing are the Food Commissary and Supply Commissary, the oldest remaining buildings. They are accompanied by the old Administration Building which bears a dedication from its original construction under Governor John S. Marmaduke. Marmaduke had lost the First Battle of Boonville in 1861 as the commander of the Confederate forces directed to hold the city. The First Battle of Boonville occurred across the street from the present day location of the facility.

Missouri Department of Corrections
The Missouri Department of Corrections is the state law enforcement agency that  operates state prisons in the U.S. state of Missouri. It has its headquarters in Missouri's capital of Jefferson City.

The Missouri Department of Corrections has 21 facilities statewide, including two community release centers. It has more than 11,000 employees, about three-quarters of whom are either certified corrections officers or probation officers. Missouri Department of Corrections has K9 units statewide that are frequently utilized for tracking escapees and, in cases of small or rural law enforcement agencies, criminals who have fled from law enforcement or assisting in search and rescue for missing persons.
Shick Shack
Shick Shack (c. 1727 – c. 1835) was a 19th-century Potawatomi chieftain and leader of a band of the Illinois River Potawatomi. He was also involved in several conflicts during the Indian Wars, particularly during the Peoria and the Black Hawk Wars. He is best known, however, for providing the tribal history of Potawatomi and Kickapoo in Illinois prior to and during the early settlement of the region during the 18th and early 19th century. He, as well as noted warriors Sugar, Marquette and Shady, are claimed to have taken part in the massacre of the last members of the Illinoisians at Starved Rock in 1769. One of the highest hills in Illinois, Shick Shack Hill (or Shick-Shack's Nob) in Cass County, Illinois bears his name as does Shick Shack Sand Pond Nature Preserve Cass County, Illinois.

Cass County, Illinois
Cass County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 13,042. Its county seat is Virginia. It is the home of the Jim Edgar Panther Creek State Fish and Wildlife Area.
Lucius Maecius Postumus
Lucius Maecius Postumus was a Roman senator, who held several offices in service to the emperor. He was suffect consul in the nundinium of July-August 98 as the colleague of Aulus Vicirius Martialis. Postumus is known entirely from inscriptions.

Postumus is also attested as a member of the Arval Brethren, and the dates he is recorded as attending their ceremonies in their surviving records, the Acta Arvalia, provide some indication about his age. The Acta first mention his presence in January 69, and thus was admitted to that collegia before then. He is present over the following years through May 105; a gap in the Acta Arvalia follows, and when their records pick up again in the year 117 his name no longer appears. It can be surmised that Maecius Postumus died between those dates.

Nundinium
Nundinium was a Latin word derived from the word nundinum, which referred to the cycle of days observed by the Romans. During the Roman Empire, nundinium came to mean the duration of a single consulship among several in a calendar year.
Tetrahymanol
Tetrahymanol is a gammacerane-type membrane lipid first found in the marine ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis. It was later found in other ciliates, fungi, ferns, and bacteria. After being deposited in sediments that  compress into sedimentary rocks over millions of years, tetrahymanol is dehydroxylated into gammacerane. Gammacerane has been interpreted as a proxy for ancient water column stratification.

Alcohol (chemistry)
In chemistry, an alcohol (from Arabic  al-kuḥl 'the kohl') is a type of organic compound that carries at least one hydroxyl (−OH) functional group bound to a saturated carbon atom. Alcohols range from the simple, like methanol and ethanol, to complex, like sugar alcohols and cholesterol. The presence of an OH group strongly modifies the properties of hydrocarbons, conferring hydrophilic (water-attracted) properties.  The OH group provides a site at which many reactions can occur.
Appenheim
Appenheim (German pronunciation: [ˈapn̩haɪm]) is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Mainz-Bingen district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

Mainz-Bingen
Mainz-Bingen is a district (Kreis) in the east of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Neighboring districts include Mainz, Alzey-Worms, Bad Kreuznach, and Rhein-Hunsrück in Rhineland-Palatinate and Rheingau-Taunus, Wiesbaden and Groß-Gerau in Hesse.
Corydala
36°22′12″N 30°16′21″E﻿ / ﻿36.3699°N 30.2724°E﻿ / 36.3699; 30.2724
Corydala or Corydalla or Korydalla or Korydala (Ancient Greek: Κορύδαλλα) was a city of ancient Lycia. Anciently, it belonged to the Rhodians, according to Hecataeus, quoted by Stephanus. But it was not in Rhodes, nor was it one of the Rhodian possessions in the Peraea, Caria. The Tabula Peutingeriana marks Corydala (spelt Coridallo) on the road from Phaselis to Patara, and makes the distance between these two places 29 Roman miles (43 km; 27 mi) Pliny places Corydalla in the interior of Lycia, and Ptolemy mentions it with Sagalassus, Rhodia, Phellus, Myra, and other places, as about Mons Massicytus.

There are coins of Corydala of the imperial period, with the epigraph Κορυδαλλεων.

Caria
Caria (/ˈkɛəriə/; from Greek: Καρία, Karia; Turkish: Karya) was a region of western Anatolia extending along the coast from mid-Ionia (Mycale) south to Lycia and east to Phrygia. The Carians were described by Herodotus as being Anatolian mainlanders and they called themselves Caria because of the name of their king. He reports the Carians themselves maintained that they were Anatolian mainlanders intensely engaged in seafaring and were akin to the Mysians and the Lydians. The Carians spoke Carian, a native Anatolian language closely related to Luwian. Also closely associated with the Carians were the Leleges, which could be an earlier name for Carians.
Eric Dolphy in Europe
Eric Dolphy in Europe, Volumes 1, 2, and 3, is a trio of live albums by jazz multi-instrumentalist Eric Dolphy. The albums were recorded on September 6 and 8, 1961, in Copenhagen, Denmark, and were released on the Prestige label in 1964 (Vol. 1) and 1965 (Vols. 2 & 3). On the recordings, Dolphy is joined by three Danish musicians: pianist Bent Axen, bassist Erik Moseholm, and drummer Jorn Elniff. Bassist Chuck Israels, who was in Copenhagen with the Jerome Robbins ballet company, also appears on one track ("Hi-Fly", a flute and bass duet).

The albums were recorded during Dolphy's second trip to Europe, which also yielded the music released on The Berlin Concerts, The Complete Uppsala Concert, and Stockholm Sessions. Tracks from the Copenhagen dates were reissued on a number of additional recordings, including Copenhagen Concert (Prestige, 1973), The Complete Prestige Recordings (Prestige, 1995), and In Europe: The Complete Copenhagen Concerts (Essential Jazz Spain, 2012).

The Berlin Concerts
The Berlin Concerts is a two-LP live album by Eric Dolphy. It was recorded on August 30, 1961, at two separate venues in Berlin, Germany, and was released by Inner City Records and Enja Records in 1978.

The album was recorded during Dolphy's second visit to Europe, and documents two Südwestfunk (SWF) sessions. Four of the tracks ("Hot House", "When Lights Are Low", "Hi-Fly", and "I'll Remember April" (mistitled as "I'll Remember You")) were recorded at the Club Jazz Salon. The remaining tracks ("G.W." (mistitled as "Geewee"), "God Bless the Child", and "245" (mistitled as "The Meeting")) were recorded at the Funkturm Exhibition Hall. The recordings feature Dolphy on alto sax, bass clarinet, and flute, Benny Bailey on trumpet, Pepsi Auer on piano, George Joyner on bass, and Buster Smith on drums.
Atheneo de Grandesa
The Atheneo de Grandesa (Catalan pronunciation: [ətəˈnɛw ðə ɣɾənˈdɛzə], modern spelling Ateneu de Grandesa) is an emblem book written in the Catalan language by Josep Romaguera and published in 1681 by the printer Joan Jolis in Barcelona. It contains 15 engravings by an unknown artist.

Emblem book
An emblem book is a book collecting emblems (allegorical illustrations) with accompanying explanatory text, typically morals or poems. This category of books was popular in Europe during the 16th and 17th centuries.

Emblem books are collections of sets of three elements: an icon or image, a motto, and text explaining the connection between the image and motto. The text ranged in length from a few lines of verse to pages of prose. Emblem books descended from medieval bestiaries that explained the importance of animals, proverbs, and fables.  In fact, writers often drew inspiration from Greek and Roman sources such as Aesop's Fables and Plutarch's Lives.
Our Lady of Solitude
Our Lady of Solitude (Spanish: María de la Soledad; Portuguese: Nossa Senhora da Soledade) is a title of Mary, mother of Jesus and a special form of Marian devotion practised in Spanish-speaking countries to commemorate the solitude of Mary on Holy Saturday. Variant names include Nuestra Señora de la Soledad, Maria Santisima, Nuestra Señora Dolorosisima de la Soledad, and Virgen de la Soledad.

Cavite
Cavite, officially the Province of Cavite (Tagalog: Lalawigan ng Kabite;  Chavacano: Provincia de Cavite; Filipino: Lalawigan ng Cavite), is a province of the Philippines located in the Calabarzon region. Situated in the southern shores of Manila Bay,  it is one of the most industrialized and fastest-growing provinces in the Philippines.

The province holds major historical significance, with most of the Philippine Revolution taking place in several areas of Cavite. The revolution ultimately led to the renouncement Spanish colonial control, culminating in the Philippine Declaration of Independence on June 12, 1898 in the town of Kawit. The old provincial capital, Cavite City, also hosted docks for the Manila galleon, becoming an essential part of commerce between Asia and Latin America at the time.
Veliko Trgovišće
Veliko Trgovišće is a village and municipality in Krapina-Zagorje County in Croatia located just south-west from nearby town Zabok. It is best known as the birthplace of the first president of Croatia Franjo Tuđman.

Zabok
Zabok is a town situated in northwest Croatia in the Krapina-Zagorje County. According to the 2011 census, it has a total population of 8,994, with 2,714 in Zabok itself. Zabok is situated on the main crossroads in the heart of Hrvatsko Zagorje region. Zabok is the economical centre of the Krapina-Zagorje County.
1918 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season
The 1918 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season  was the college football games played by the member schools of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association as part of the 1918 college football season. The season began on September 28.

Georgia Tech was conference champion. Center Bum Day was the first Southern player ever selected to Walter Camp's All-America first-team.

Bum Day
Ashel Monroe "Bum" Day (August 3, 1898 – January 30, 1988), was an American college football player who was a center for both the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets of the Georgia Institute of Technology and the Georgia Bulldogs of the University of Georgia. He was the first Southern player ever selected first-team All-America by Walter Camp, who had historically selected college players from Harvard, Yale, Princeton and other Northeastern colleges.
Mystrops
Mystrops is a genus of beetles belonging to the family Nitidulidae.

The species of this genus are found in Southern America.

Species:

Mystrops dufaui Grouvelle, 1912

Mystrops insularis Grouvelle, 1898

Sap beetle
The sap beetles, also known as Nitidulidae, are a family of beetles.

They are small (2–6 mm) ovoid, usually dull-coloured beetles, with knobbed antennae. Some have red or yellow spots or bands. They feed mainly on decaying vegetable matter, over-ripe fruit, and sap. Some sap beetle species coexist with fungi species and live in habitats of coniferous trees. These fungi-dependent beetles are found in all across Europe and Siberia and are the biggest nitidulid species known in those areas. Other species like the Australian Chychramptodes murrayi are known to feed on scale insects. There are a few pest species, like the strawberry sap beetle that infest crops in Brazil between the months of August and February.
Syria women's national football team
The Syria national women's football team (Arabic: منتخب سوريا لكرة القدم للسيدات) is the national women's football team of Syria. The team was established in 2005, and is controlled by the Syrian Football Association (SFA), the governing body for football in Syria. Whilst the team has yet to qualify for the FIFA Women's World Cup, or the AFC Women's Asian Cup, their best achievement was when they finished third in the 2005 and 2022 editions of the West Asian Football Federation Women's Championship.

Qatar women's national football team
The Qatar women's national football team (Arabic: منتخب قطر لكرة القدم للسيدات) represents Qatar in international women's football, and is controlled by the Qatar Football Association (QFA). The team has been inactive since 2014 and currently unranked in the FIFA world ranking.