hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stable theory
In the mathematical field of model theory, a theory  is called stable  if it satisfies certain combinatorial restrictions on its complexity. Stable theories are rooted in the proof of Morley's categoricity theorem and were extensively studied as part of Saharon Shelah's classification theory, which showed a dichotomy that either the models of a theory admit a nice classification or the models are too numerous to have any hope of a reasonable classification. A first step of this program was showing that if a theory is not stable then its models are too numerous to classify.

Stable theories were the predominant subject of pure model theory from the 1970s through the 1990s, so their study shaped modern model theory and there is a rich framework and set of tools to analyze them. A major direction in model theory is "neostability theory," which tries to generalize the concepts of stability theory to broader contexts, such as simple and NIP theories.

Spectrum of a theory
In model theory, a branch of mathematical logic, the spectrum of a theory
is given by the number of isomorphism classes of models in various cardinalities. More precisely, 
for any complete theory T in a  language we write I(T, κ) for the number of models of T (up to isomorphism) of cardinality κ. The spectrum problem is to describe the possible behaviors of I(T, κ) as a function of κ. It has been almost completely solved for the case of a countable theory T.
Piya Naam Ka Diya
Piya Naam Ka Diya (Urdu: پیا نام کا دیا; English: Lamp of beloved's name) is a 2019 Pakistani romantic drama serial directed by Saleem Ghanchi, written by Samra Bukhari, produced by Abdullah Kadwani and Asad Qureshi under the 7th Sky Entertainment banner. The serial stars Saniya Shamshad, Yashma Gill and Farhan Ahmed Malhi. The serial was released in July 2019 on Geo Entertainment.

Farhan Ahmed Malhi
Farhan Ahmad Malhi (Urdu: فرحان احمد ملہی) is a Pakistani actor, model and former video jockey. He is known for his roles in dramas Kaisay Tum Se Kahoon, Hiddat, Uraan, Kaisa Hai Naseeban, Banno and Mohabbat Chor Di Maine.
Optative mood
The optative mood (/ˈɒptətɪv/ OP-tə-tiv or /ɒpˈteɪtɪv/ op-TAY-tiv; abbreviated OPT) is a grammatical mood that indicates a wish or hope regarding a given action. It is a superset of the cohortative mood and is closely related to the subjunctive mood but is distinct from the desiderative mood.
English has no morphological optative, but various constructions impute an optative meaning. Examples of languages with a morphological optative mood are Ancient Greek, Albanian, Armenian, Georgian, Friulian, Kazakh, Kurdish, Navajo, Old Prussian, Old Persian, Sanskrit, Turkish, and Yup'ik.

Irrealis mood
In linguistics, irrealis moods (abbreviated IRR) are the main set of grammatical moods that indicate that a certain situation or action is not known to have happened at the moment the speaker is talking. This contrasts with the realis moods. They are used in statements without truth value (imperative, interrogative, subordinate, etc).

Every language has grammatical ways of expressing unreality. Linguists tend to reserve the term "irrealis" for particular morphological markers or clause types. Many languages with irrealis mood make further subdivisions between kinds of irrealis moods. This is especially so among Algonquian languages such as Blackfoot.
2026 Australian National Trans Am Series
The 2026 Australian National Trans Am Series is a scheduled national motor racing series conducted using TA2-class cars. The series is to be organised by the Australian Racing Group and is one of two national racing series conducted using this car class; the other being the TA2 Racing Muscle Car Series. It will be sanctioned by Motorsport Australia.

The series will commence at the Mount Panorama Circuit on April 3 as part of the Bathurst 6 Hour support bill, and will conclude at Sandown Raceway on November 8. The defending champion heading into the season is Todd Hazelwood.

Sandown Raceway
Sandown International Raceway is a motor racing circuit in the suburb of Springvale in Melbourne, Victoria, approximately 25 km (16 mi) south east of the city centre. Sandown is considered a power circuit with its "drag strip" front and back straights being 899 and 910 m (983 and 995 yd) long respectively.
Pat Sullivan (programmer)
Pat Sullivan is an American software engineer who co-created the contact manager ACT! along with his partner Mike Muhney. Sullivan was named one of the “80 Most Influential People in Sales and Marketing History” in 1998 by the magazine Sales & Marketing Management.

Pat Sullivan started Contact Software in Dallas, Texas in 1986. With his friend Mike Muhney and two programmers, Randy Haben and John Maurer, the team developed the first commercial version of the contact manager ACT! In 1993, ACT! was acquired by Symantec. In 1995, Pat Sullivan founded the sales force automation company SalesLogix. In 1999, SalesLogix Corp was renamed to Interact Commerce Corporation and ACT! was reacquired from Symantec. In May 2001, Sage Group plc acquired Interact Commerce Corporation.

In 2005, Pat Sullivan launched Jigsaw Health and published the book Wellness piece by piece to help the 125 million Americans suffering from chronic health conditions.

Sage Group
The Sage Group plc, commonly known as Sage, is a British multinational enterprise software company based in Newcastle upon Tyne, England. As of 2017, it is the UK's second largest technology company. It has offices in 23 countries. The company is a patron of The Glasshouse, Gateshead music venue in Gateshead, formerly known as The Sage Gateshead.

Sage is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.
100th Fighter Squadron
The 100th Fighter Squadron is a unit of the Alabama Air National Guard 187th Fighter Wing located at Dannelly Field, Alabama. The 100th is equipped with the Lockheed Martin F-35A Lightning II.

The squadron was one of the Tuskegee Airmen squadrons during World War II, one of the famous all-black squadrons of the 332d Fighter Group, activated on 19 February 1942 at Tuskegee Army Air Field, Alabama. It was returned to duty in 2007 as a replacement of the 160th Fighter Squadron so the state could honor the legacy of the Tuskegee Airmen.

Alabama Air National Guard
The Alabama Air National Guard (AL ANG) is the aerial militia of the State of Alabama, United States of America. It is, along with the Alabama Army National Guard, an element of the Alabama National Guard.

As state militia units, the units in the Alabama Air National Guard are not in the normal United States Air Force chain of command unless federalized.  They are under the jurisdiction of the governor of Alabama through the office of the Alabama Adjutant General unless they are federalized by order of the president of the United States.  The Alabama Air National Guard is headquartered in Montgomery, and its commander is Major General Sheryl E. Gordon.
1994 California Secretary of State election
The 1994 California Secretary of State election occurred on November 8, 1994. The primary elections took place on March 8, 1994. The Republican nominee, State Assemblyman Bill Jones, narrowly defeated the Democratic nominee, acting Secretary of State Tony Miller, who assumed the seat when March Fong Eu resigned to become United States Ambassador to Micronesia.

Tony Miller (California politician)
Anthony Miller (born June 28, 1948) is an American attorney and former California Secretary of State. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as Chief Deputy Secretary of State from 1981 to 1994 and then California Secretary of State from 1994 to 1995.  Miller was a longtime public servant, Eagle Scout, and volunteer firefighter.
Gustave Vaëz
Jean-Nicolas-Gustave Van Nieuwen-Huysen (known as Gustave Vaëz) (6 December 1812 – 12 March 1862)  was a Belgian playwright, librettist, translator of opera libretti., and opera director. He wrote many stage plays and opera libretti in collaboration with Alphonse Royer; including the libretti to Gaetano Donizetti's  La favorite (1843) and Giuseppe Verdi's Jérusalem (1847).  Vaëz and Royer also translated several Italian-language operas by other writers into French. Vaëz also collaborated on opera libretti with the writers Eugène Scribe and Victorien Sardou.

Alone,  Vaëz wrote the libretto to Donizetti's Rita, ou Le mari battu. He served as director of the Odéon-Théâtre de l'Europe from 1853 to 1856, and as deputy director of the Paris Opera from 1856 to 1860. He was awarded the Order of Leopold in 1846, and the Legion of Honour in 1856. He died in 1862.

Odéon-Théâtre de l'Europe
The Odéon-Théâtre de l'Europe (French pronunciation: [ɔdeɔ̃ teɑtʁ d(ə) løʁɔp]; "European Music Hall"; formerly the Théâtre de l'Odéon [teɑtʁ d(ə) lɔdeɔ̃]; "Music Hall")  is one of France's six national theatres. It is located at 2 rue Corneille in the 6th arrondissement of Paris on the left bank of the Seine, next to the Luxembourg Garden and the Luxembourg Palace, which houses the Senate.
Jordan Hall (lacrosse)
Jordan Rhys Hall (born August 31, 1984) is a Canadian lacrosse player who plays for the Rochester Knighthawks of the National Lacrosse League (NLL) and the Hamilton Nationals of Major League Lacrosse (MLL).

National Lacrosse League
The National Lacrosse League (NLL) is a professional box lacrosse league in North America. The league comprises 14 teams – 7 in the United States and 7 in Canada. The NLL is headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

The NLL ranks third in average attendance for pro indoor sports worldwide, behind only the National Hockey League (NHL) and National Basketball Association (NBA). Unlike other box lacrosse leagues, which play in the summer, the NLL plays its games in the winter and spring, from December to June. Each year, the playoff teams battle for the National Lacrosse League Cup. The NLL has averaged between 8,900 and 10,700 spectators per game each year since 2004.
R43 (South Africa)
The R43 is a provincial route in the Western Cape province of South Africa which connects Ceres with Gansbaai via Worcester, Botrivier and Hermanus. It is co-signed with the N2 for nine kilometres near Botrivier.

Ceres, South Africa
Ceres is the administrative centre and largest town of the Witzenberg Local Municipality in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. Ceres serves as a regional centre for the surrounding towns of Wolseley, Tulbagh, Op-die-Berg and Prince Alfred Hamlet. It is situated in the Warmbokkeveld (English: "warm antelope field") Valley about 170 km north-east of Cape Town. Ceres is located at the north-eastern entrance to Michell's Pass and was the old route north between Cape Town and Johannesburg, which was later replaced by the N1 highway, which traverses the Breede River Valley to the south.

Named after the Roman goddess of agriculture, Ceres, a name which is fitting as the valley in which the town is situated is extremely fertile and is a major producer of South Africa's deciduous fruit.
Sai Prashanth
Sai Prashanth (7 June 1985 – 13 March 2016) was an Indian actor, who has appeared in Tamil language films and television serials. He has acted in films including Barathi, Aintham Padai, Thegidi, Neram (2013) and Vadacurry (2014). He studied in Shrine Vailankanni Senior Secondary School, T.Nagar, Sri Ahobila math Oriental higher secondary school, West Mambalam, and his father was Chief Executive in Chennai Doordharshan TV channel.

Vadacurry
Vadacurry is a 2014 Indian Tamil-language comedy thriller film written and directed by debutant Saravana Rajan. The film stars Jai and Swathi Reddy and was produced by Dayanidhi Azhagiri's Meeka Entertainment. The film has cinematography by Venkatesh and the technical crew includes editing by Praveen K. L. and N. B. Srikanth and art direction by Ramalingam, while the costumes were designed by Anusha Dayanidhi. The film started filming on 19 August 2013, and was released on 19 June 2014.
Hanu-Man (soundtrack)
Hanu-Man is the soundtrack album, composed by GowraHari, Anudeep Dev and Krishna Saurabh to the 2024 Indian Telugu-language superhero film of the same name. The film is directed by Prasanth Varma, starring Teja Sajja in the title role, alongside Amritha Aiyer, Varalaxmi Sarathkumar, Raj Deepak Shetty and Vinay Rai.

The soundtrack featured eight main tracks with lyrics written by Krishna Kanth, Simhachalam Mannela, Hanumath Ramadootha Strotam, Siva Shakthi Datta, Kasarla Shyam and Tripuraneni Kalyanachakravarthy.

Anudeep Dev
Anudeep Devarakonda, popularly known as Anudeep Dev, is an Indian music composer and singer who works in Telugu cinema. He composed music for the Pan-India movie Hanu-Man (two songs) and Committee Kurrollu.
He did playback singing in about 70 feature films and has sung 100 songs. Some of the feature films with his songs are Baby,Thunivu, Thiruchitrambalam, Ratsasan, Sailaja Reddy Alludu, Adhe Kangal (2017 film), Temper, Uyyala Jampala and Pilla Nuvvu Leni Jeevitham.
Khalil Everage
Khalil Everage (born January 6, 2001) is an American actor.  He portrayed August Monroe opposite Anthony Anderson in the 2019 Netflix film Beats (2019).  He also played Sian Cotton in Shooting Stars (2023).  He also played Sean in the 2023 film The Crusades opposite Rudy Pankow and Indiana Massara.  On television, he is known for playing Chris in Cobra Kai.

Everage is from Chicago and attended the Chicago High School for the Arts.  He was born to Dina and Khaldun “Khal” Everage and is the nephew of Jonathan McReynolds.

Rudy Pankow
Rudy Pankow (/ˈpɑːnkoʊ/; born August 12, 1997 in Ketchikan, Alaska) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as JJ Maybank on the first four seasons of the Netflix teen drama series Outer Banks (2020–2024).
The Impostor (1927 film)
The Impostor (German: Die Hochstaplerin) is a 1927 German silent drama film directed by Martin Berger and starring Ruth Weyher, Anton Pointner and Philipp Manning. It was shot at the Johannisthal Studios in Berlin. The film's sets were designed by the art director Otto Erdmann and Hans Sohnle.

Philipp Manning
Philipp Manning (23 November 1869 – 9 April 1951) was a British-born German actor. He was born in Lewisham to a British father and a German mother. He was sent to Germany for his education and settled there. He often played British characters in German films, including in Nazi propaganda ones. He died in Waldshut-Tiengen.
Peter Jones & Partners
Peter Jones & Partners (formerly and still colloquially Peter Jones) is a Grade II listed department store in Sloane Square in Chelsea, London, England. It was designed by William Crabtree for John Spedan Lewis, and opened in 1936; it replaced the first store on the grounds founded by Peter Jones in 1877. It is owned by the John Lewis Partnership, which also owns the John Lewis department store and the Waitrose supermarket chains.

Waitrose
Waitrose Limited, trading as Waitrose & Partners, is a British supermarket chain, founded in 1904 as Waite, Rose & Taylor, later shortened to Waitrose. In 1937, it was acquired by the John Lewis Partnership, the UK's largest employee-owned business, which continues to operate the brand. The company's head offices are in Bracknell, Berkshire.

As of April 2023, Waitrose & Partners operates 329 shops across Great Britain and the Channel Islands, including 65 "little Waitrose" convenience shops. They also export products to 52 countries and have locations in the Middle East.

Known for its "upmarket" reputation, as described by The Daily Telegraph and The Guardian, Waitrose has been positioned as a premium supermarket. However, former managing director Mark Price has said that its prices are competitive with those of Tesco, a mid-market chain. The company holds a royal warrant to supply groceries, wine, and spirits to King Charles III.
Luiz Firmino
Luiz Firmino de Carvalho Júnior (born March 18, 1982), commonly known as Luiz Buscapé, is a Brazilian mixed martial artist, who fights at Lightweight. He has spent the majority of his career in Japan and has fought in Dream, Pride FC and Shooto. He now fights for the Blackzilians camp out of JACO HYbrid Training Center in Boca Raton, Florida.

Dream (mixed martial arts)
Dream (styled DREAM in capitals) was a Japanese mixed martial arts (MMA) organization promoted by former PRIDE FC executives and K-1 promoter Fighting and Entertainment Group (FEG).

Dream replaced FEG's previous-run mixed martial arts fight series, Hero's. It retained many of the stylistic flourishes and personnel from Pride FC broadcasts, including fight introducer Lenne Hardt.

They promoted over 20 shows highlighting Japanese and international talent, establishing or enhancing the careers of fighters such as Shinya Aoki, Gesias Cavalcante, Tatsuya Kawajiri, Ronaldo Jacaré, Eddie Alvarez, Jason Miller, Kazushi Sakuraba, Gegard Mousasi and Alistair Overeem.

Dream became defunct as FEG went bankupt in 2012, ending with a final New Year's Eve event later that year. In 2015, most of the old personnel from both Pride FC and Dream founded Rizin Fighting Federation as a successor.
Hey Girl (Billy Currington song)
"Hey Girl" is a song written by Rhett Akins, Chris DeStefano, and Ashley Gorley and recorded by American country music artist Billy Currington. It was released in March 2013 as the first single from Currington's 2013 album We Are Tonight. The song became Currington's seventh number one hit on the U.S. Billboard Country Airplay chart. It also peaked at numbers 5 and 39 on the Hot Country Songs and Billboard Hot 100 charts, respectively.

Country Airplay
Country Airplay is a chart published weekly by Billboard magazine in the United States since October 20, 2012, although the magazine also retrospectively recognizes the Hot Country Songs charts from January 20, 1990, through October 13, 2012, as part of the history of the Country Airplay listing.  The chart lists the 60 most-listened-to records played on 150 mainstream country radio stations across the country as monitored by Nielsen BDS, weighted to each station's Nielsen ratings.

The first number-one song actually published under the Country Airplay banner was "Take a Little Ride" by Jason Aldean; but as Billboard also recognizes the history of the Hot Country Songs chart since 1990 as part of this chart, the magazine recognizes the first chart-topper as "Nobody's Home" by Clint Black.
Giddy On Up
"Giddy On Up" is a debut song by American stage actress and singer Laura Bell Bundy. Co-written by Bundy, it was released to country music radio in February 2010 as the lead-off single from her debut album Achin' and Shakin', which was released on April 13, 2010.  Bundy wrote this song with Jeff Cohen and Mike Shimshack.

Bundy performed the song on the 2010 ACM Awards on April 18, 2010 and on the 2010 CMT Music Awards on June 9, 2010.

CMT Music Awards
The CMT Music Awards is a fan-voted awards show for country music videos and television performances. The ceremony launched in 1967 as  Music City News Awards; it is the oldest award show currently airing under Paramount Global. The ceremony originally aired on TNN, prior to its parent company's acquisition of former rival network Country Music Television in 1991. The show would then air on CMT from 2001 to 2021. Beginning in 2022 until the pause in 2025, the show was broadcast live on CBS.
Online Paw Ka Wit Nyin
Online Paw Ka Wit Nyin (Burmese: Online ပေါ်ကဝိညာဉ်) is a 2015 Burmese romantic horror film, directed by Nyi Nyi Htun Lwin starring Nay Toe, Phway Phway, Zay Ye Htet and Chan Mi Mi Ko. The film, produced by  Lavender Film Production premiered in Myanmar on January 30, 2015.

Nay Toe
Nay Toe (Burmese: နေတိုး; pronounced [nè tó]; born Nay Lin Aung (Burmese: နေလင်းအောင်; pronounced [lɪn ɔːŋ]; on 9 September 1981) is a Rakhine film actor and comedian with the Burmese traditional anyeint troupe Htawara Hninzi. He won Myanmar Motion Picture Academy Awards for Best Actor four times: in 2009 with Moe Nya Einmet Myu, in 2015 with Nat Khat Mhar Tae Tite Pwal, in 2017 with Tar Tay Gyi and in 2024 with Bound. He also won the Star Award for the film Bridge of Clouds in 2018. He is one of the highest-paid actors in Myanmar.
Mary Kills People (South Korean TV series)
Mary Kills People (Korean: 메리 킬즈 피플) is a 2025 South Korean television series written by Lee Soo-ya, directed by Park Joon-woo, and starring Lee Bo-young, Lee Min-ki, and Kang Ki-young. The series is a remake of the 2017 Canadian television series of the same name. It aired on MBC TV from August 1, to September 12, 2025, every Friday and Saturday at 22:00 (KST).

Mary Kills People
Mary Kills People is a Canadian drama television series starring Caroline Dhavernas. It premiered on Global on January 25, 2017.

On June 5, 2017, the series was renewed for a second season, which was scheduled to premiere on Global's video-on-demand platforms on January 1 before premiering on television on January 3, 2018.

On 4 June 2018 the series was renewed for a third and final season by Global.
M. P. Bajana
Manek Pallon Bajana (14 September 1886 – 28 April 1927) was an Indian amateur cricketer who played 55 first-class cricket matches between 1911 and 1920. Originally a member of the Indian team which toured England in 1911, he remained in the country and joined Somerset County Cricket Club, for which he played as an opening batsman until 1920. During his nine-year first-class cricket career, Bajana scored 1,975 runs at an average of 20.78. He scored three centuries, and made his highest score in 1920, scoring 115 runs against Cambridge University.

Indian cricket team in England in 1911
The Indian cricket team touring England and the British Isles in the summer of 1911 was the first all-Indian team to tour the country. The team was led by the then 19-year old Maharaja of Patiala Bhupinder Singh and had representation from the Parsees, Hindus, and the Muslims. The team had limited success winning only six amongst the 23 matches that they played on the tour.
Varsity Bus Company
Varsity Bus Company is a former school bus operator in New York City. This company was established in 2003 when it acquired some of the school bus routes that had been operated by Varsity Transit, a sister company that had operated from 1965 to 2003. Varsity ceased operations by the 2010s, and the headquarters of Varsity were later used by Total Transportation and L&M Bus Corp.

From 1979 until 2005, Varsity Transit affiliate Command Bus Company operated two local and seven express transit bus routes, routes that are now operated by MTA Bus Company. Varsity Transit and Command Bus Company were 40-percent owned by Green Bus Lines, 40-percent owned by Triboro Coach, and 20-percent owned by Jamaica Central Railways. Varsity Bus Company is owned by former executives of Green Bus Lines.

Jamaica Buses
Jamaica Buses, Inc., also known as Jamaica Bus Lines or the Jamaica Bus Company, was a bus company in New York City, New York, operating local service in Queens and express service to Manhattan until January 30, 2006, when the MTA Bus Company took over its operations.

The president of Jamaica Buses, and GTJ Reit Inc. was the late Jerome Cooper (August 14, 1928 – May 20, 2015, aged 86). Its facility was located on 114-15 Guy R. Brewer Boulevard in South Jamaica, Queens.

From 1954 to 1995, Jamaica Buses, also provided charter services.