hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Anabela Miranda Rodrigues
Anabela Miranda Rodrigues (born 5 December 1953) is a Portuguese politician who was the first female Minister of Internal Administration, having served from 19 November 2014 to 30 October 2015 under Prime Minister Pedro Passos Coelho.
Committee on Italian, European and International Criminal Procedure – Ibrerojur (coordinated by Bruna Capparelli).

Pedro Passos Coelho
Pedro Manuel Mamede Passos Coelho (European Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈpeðɾu mɐˈnwɛl mɐˈmɛðɨ ˈpasuʃ ˈkwɐʎu]; born 24 July 1964) is a Portuguese politician and university guest lecturer who was the 
117th prime minister of Portugal, in office from 2011 to 2015. He was the leader of the Social Democratic Party (PSD) between 2010 and 2018.

Passos Coelho started very early in politics and was the national leader of the youth branch of PSD. He led the XIX Governo Constitucional (19th Constitutional Government of Portugal) and the XX Governo Constitucional (20th Constitutional Government of Portugal) as head of government from 21 June 2011 to 26 November 2015. His term in office oversaw the application of the European troika bailout to Portugal (requested by the previous Prime Minister, José Sócrates of the Socialist Party) and was marked by a wave of widespread austerity in both Portugal and abroad.
Galaxy Garden
Galaxy Garden is the fifth studio album by Electronic musician Lone released by R&S Records in 2012. The album was recorded between October 2010 and November 2011, and was his first album he made where he found himself making music as a profession opposed to as a hobby. The album's sound is a move away from the more house music oriented sounds of his previous albums and towards a sound more influenced by early 1990s rave music. The album was the first of Lone's to feature guest vocalists.

Galaxy Garden was released on 1 May 2012. A single "Crystal Caverns 1991" was released to promote the album. It received favourable reviews on its release with the BBC, Mixmag and Pitchfork referring to the album as Lone's strongest release.

R&S Records
R&S Records is an independent record label founded in 1983 in Ghent, Belgium. R&S represents the initials of Renaat Vandepapeliere and Sabine Maes, the couple that created the label. Having originally ceased in 2000, R&S Records relaunched in 2008, along with its subsidiary Apollo Records, in 2009.

R&S and its subsidiaries include releases by Lone, Paula Temple, Joey Beltram, Capricorn, Aphex Twin, Biosphere, C.J. Bolland, Sun Electric, The Source Experience/Robert Leiner, Model 500/Juan Atkins, Silent Phase, System 7, Dave Angel, and Ken Ishii.
Hanna Arsenych-Baran
Hanna Vasylivna Arsenych-Baran (Ukrainian: Баран Ганна Василівна; 26 June 1970 – 1 April 2021) was a Ukrainian novelist, poet, school teacher and writer of prose. She was the author of more than a hundred textbooks on the Ukrainian language and literature as well as multiple dictionaries. Arsenych-Baran was a teacher who taught the Ukrainian language and literature in Chernihiv and educated students at the K. D. Ushinsky South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University. She won the Mykhailo Kotsyubynsky Regional Prize and the Leonid Glibov Regional Prize. Arsenych-Baran was a member of the National Writers' Union of Ukraine, become chair of its Chernihiv regional organisation in November 2016.

K. D. Ushinsky South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University
The South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky (Ukrainian: Південноукраїнський національний педагогічний університет імені К. Д. Ушинського) is a public university in the large city of Odesa. Founded in 1817, SUNPU is one of the oldest educational institutions of Ukraine and the first teaching one on the northern Black Sea coast.

South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after Kostiantyn Ushynsky was established as Pedagogical Institute at Richelieu Lyceum in Odesa on 2 May 1817. It is regarded one of the oldest & most influential pedagogical university of Ukraine.
Near visual acuity
Near visual acuity or near vision is a measure of how clearly a person can see nearby small objects or letters. Visual acuity in general usually refers clarity of distance vision, and is measured using eye charts like Snellen chart, LogMAR chart etc. Near vision is usually measured and recorded using a printed hand-held card containing different sized paragraphs, words, letters or symbols. Jaeger chart, N notation reading chart and Snellen's near vision test are the commonly used charts for measuring and recording near visual acuity. Near vision testing is usually done after correcting visual acuity at a distance.

Eye conditions like presbyopia, accommodative insufficiency, cycloplegia etc. can affect the near visual acuity. According to the World Health Organization, the near visual acuity less than N6 or M0.8 at 40 cm is classified as near visual impairment.

Accommodative insufficiency
Accommodative insufficiency (AI) involves the inability of the eye to focus properly on an object. Accommodation is the adjustment of the curvature of the lens to focus on objects near and far.

In this condition, amplitude of accommodation of a person is lesser compared to physiological limits for his age. AI is generally considered separate from presbyopia, but mechanically both conditions represent a difficulty engaging the near vision system (accommodation) to see near objects clearly. Presbyopia is physiological insufficiency of accommodation due to age related changes in lens (decreased elasticity and increased hardness) and ciliary muscle power.

AI is commonly present in people with convergence insufficiency.
Dønttinden
Dønttinden is a mountain in Rauma Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The 1,676-metre (5,499 ft) tall mountain is located inside the Reinheimen National Park in the Romsdalen valley. The European route E136 highway passes just north of the mountain. The Troll Wall and mountains of Store Trolltinden lie about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) to the northwest.

Store Trolltinden
Store Trolltinden a mountain summit in Rauma Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. At 1,788 metres (5,866 ft) in height, it is the highest point along the Trolltindane ridge. It has the vertical Trollveggen cliff separating the peak from the Romsdalen valley below, a drop of about 1,700 metres (5,600 ft) which makes it the highest vertical cliff in Europe.  The Rauma River and the European route E136 highway lie 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) to the east in the valley. The Trollryggen peak is located about 700 metres (2,300 ft) to the south.

The easiest access to the summit is by walking from the parking lot at Trollstigen about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) to the southwest. Directly beneath the summit, one might prefer a rope for securing the last climb.
Deep Down (film)
Deep Down is a 1994 American erotic thriller film directed by John Travers and starring George Segal, Tanya Roberts, and Chris Young. The film combines elements of drama and romance, showing the characters' struggle with internal and external conflicts against the backdrop of the desire for wealth and success. The original screenplay was titled  Conversations in Public Places and was a finalist in the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting competition.

Tanya Roberts
Tanya Roberts (born Victoria Leigh Blum; October 15, 1949 – January 4, 2021) was an American actress. Some of her credits include playing Julie Rogers in the final season of the television series Charlie's Angels (1980–1981), Stacey Sutton in the James Bond film A View to a Kill (1985), Kiri in The Beastmaster (1982), Sheena in Sheena: Queen of the Jungle (1984), and Midge Pinciotti on That '70s Show (1998–2004).
Excalibur (comic book)
Excalibur is the name of several superhero comic books published by Marvel Comics since 1988, generally featuring the team of the same name.

The first volumes ran for 125 issues, complemented by several one-shot special editions, between 1987 and 1998. The second was a four-issue limited series published in 2001, and the third an ongoing series printed from 2004 and 2005 before being relaunched as New Excalibur. While featuring some of the same characters and concepts, the second and third series did not centre on an Excalibur team. The 2019 series, complete with the return of the eponymous team, was revived as part of the Dawn of X X-Men relaunch.

Dawn of X
"Dawn of X" is a 2019 relaunch of the X-Men line of comic books published by Marvel Comics in the wake of the twin miniseries House of X and Powers of X and is the first phase of the Krakoan Age. This initiative culminated in the crossover event X of Swords, which was followed by a sequel relaunch named "Reign of X" in December 2020.

The story focuses on various groups of mutants living on the small island named Krakoa, which has become recognized as a sovereign nation and has increasingly grown in size.
Le Correspondant
Le Correspondent was a French Catholic review, founded in March 1829 by Louis de Carné, Edmond de Cazalès, and Camille-Augustin de Meaux. The motto of this moderately royalist Catholic review was "Liberté civile et religieuse par tout l’univers" ("Civil and religious liberty throughout the universe"). Publication ceased in 1831 but was revived in 1843 as a monthly review under the direction of Edmond Wilson and Victor-Amédée Waille (1798–1876). Jean Luglien de Jouenne d'Esgrigny was one of its initial shareholders.

After a period of dormancy, it was relaunched in 1855 by Charles de Montalembert as a Catholic opposition organ to the Second Empire and the journal L'Univers by Louis Veuillot. Le Correspondent became a platform for liberal Catholics and moderate royalists concerned about the almost complete alignment of the French Church with imperial authority and opposed to reactionary theories promoted by the pontifical authorities.

L'Univers
L'Univers was a French daily newspaper with a Catholic orientation, founded in 1833 by Abbé Jacques-Paul Migne. It ceased publication in 1919.

The newspaper was acquired by Charles de Montalembert in 1838 and, starting in 1840 under the direction of Louis Veuillot, a sharp and skilled polemicist, became the mouthpiece of the "Catholic Party." Ultramontane in orientation and supportive of the temporal power of the Pope, it opposed the Italian policies of Napoleon III and was banned under the Second French Empire. During the French Third Republic, it adopted the legitimist stance of Louis Veuillot. The paper later embraced the Ralliement to the Republic under the leadership of Eugène Veuillot.
Buried (Breaking Bad)
"Buried" is the tenth episode of the fifth season of the American television drama series Breaking Bad, and the 56th overall episode of the series. Written by Thomas Schnauz and directed by Michelle MacLaren, it aired on AMC in the United States and Canada on August 18, 2013.

Thomas Schnauz
Thomas Schnauz (born 1966 or 1967) is an American television producer and television writer. His credits include The X-Files, The Lone Gunmen, Night Stalker, Reaper, Breaking Bad, and Better Call Saul.
Babes in the Wood murders (Brighton)
The Babes in the Wood Murders were the murders of two nine-year-old girls, Nicola Fellows and Karen Hadaway, on 9 October 1986 in Wild Park, Moulsecoomb, Brighton, East Sussex, England. The perpetrator, 20-year-old local roofer Russell Bishop, was initially tried and acquitted in 1987. The case remained open until 10 December 2018, when Bishop was found guilty of the murders in a second trial. The investigation into the two girls' murders is the largest and longest-running inquiry ever conducted by Sussex Police.

In April 2024, Sussex Police formally apologised for failings in the original investigation and for the wrongful arrest of Barrie Fellows, Nicola's father, in a connected investigation in 2009.

Sussex Police
Sussex Police are the territorial police force responsible for policing in the whole of Sussex. Their jurisdiction covers the ceremonial counties of East Sussex and West Sussex. Their headquarters are in Malling House, Lewes, East Sussex.
James Dunlap
James Dunlap was the second president of Jefferson College from 1803 to 1811.  Dunlap was born in Chester County, Pennsylvania, in 1744.  He was a graduate of the College of New Jersey  (now Princeton University) and was reputed to have excelled as a teacher of languages.  During his presidency, Jefferson College was approached in 1807 by the Washington College Board to appoint committees for the purpose of devising a plan for the union of the two institutions.  This attempt failed due to disagreement over selecting a site for the united institution.  Dunlap resigned his presidency on April 25, 1811.  He died in Abingdon, Pennsylvania, on November 22, 1818.

Washington & Jefferson College
Washington & Jefferson College (W&J College or W&J) is a private liberal arts college in Washington, Pennsylvania, United States. It traces its origin to three Presbyterian missionaries of the 1780s, John McMillan, Thaddeus Dod, and Joseph Smith, whose early schools evolved into two rival institutions: Washington College in Washington, and Jefferson College in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania. The two colleges merged in 1865 to form Washington & Jefferson College.

The 60-acre (24 ha) Washington & Jefferson College campus has more than 40 buildings, with the oldest dating to 1793. The college enrolled over 1,100 students as of fall 2022. It has a longstanding tradition of literary societies, dating back before the union of the two colleges. Nearly all of the college's students live on campus, and roughly one-third are members of fraternities or sororities. The W&J athletic program competes in NCAA Division III.
Photo-oxidation of polymers
In polymer chemistry, photo-oxidation (sometimes: oxidative photodegradation) is the degradation of a polymer surface due to the combined action of light and oxygen. It is the most significant factor in the weathering of plastics. Photo-oxidation causes the polymer chains to break (chain scission), resulting in the material becoming increasingly brittle. This leads to mechanical failure and, at an advanced stage, the formation of microplastics. In textiles, the process is called phototendering.

Technologies have been developed to both accelerate and inhibit this process. For example, plastic building components like doors, window frames and gutters are expected to last for decades, requiring the use of advanced UV-polymer stabilizers. Conversely, single-use plastics can be treated with biodegradable additives to accelerate their fragmentation.
Many pigments and dyes can similarly have effects due to their ability to absorb UV-energy.

Pigment
A pigment is a chemical compound that gives a substance or organism color, or is used by humans to add or alter color or change visual appearance. Pigments are completely or nearly insoluble and chemically unreactive in water or another medium; in contrast, dyes are colored substances which are soluble or go into solution at some stage in their use. Dyes are often organic compounds whereas pigments are often inorganic. Pigments of prehistoric and historic value include ochre, charcoal, and lapis lazuli. Biological pigments are compounds produced by living organisms that provide coloration.
Oksana Kondratyeva
Oksana Yurevna Kondratyeva (Russian: Оксана Юрьевна Кондратьева; born 22 November 1985) is a Russian track and field athlete competing in the hammer throw. Her personal best of 77.13 m (253 ft 1⁄2 in) ranks her in the all-time top ten of the event. She represented Russia at the 2013 World Championships in Athletics, placing seventh.

She is a four-time participant at the Summer Universiade, with her best performance coming in 2013, when she won the silver medal. She holds the title of Russia Master of Sport – International Class. She is the daughter of hammer thrower Yuriy Sedykh and sprinter Lyudmila Kondratyeva.

Hammer throw
The hammer throw (Abbreviated as HT) is one of the four throwing events in regular outdoor track-and-field competitions, along with the discus throw, shot put and javelin.

The hammer used in this sport is not like any of the tools also called by that name. It consists of a metal ball attached by a steel wire to a grip. These three components are each separate and can move independently. Both the size and weight of the ball vary between men's and women's events. The men's hammer weighs 7.26 kilograms (16 lb) for college and professional meets; the women's hammer weighs 4 kilograms (8.8 lb).
One of the Best (film)
One of the Best is a 1927 British silent historical drama film directed by T. Hayes Hunter and starring Carlyle Blackwell, Walter Byron and Eve Gray. It was based on a play by Seymour Hicks. Film historian Rachael Low described it as an "unsophisticated costume drama". The 'drumming out' scene of Lieutenant Keppel was filmed at Hounslow Barracks using the officers and men of the Royal Fusiliers wearing 1820s uniforms.

Eve Gray
Eve Gray (27 November 1900 – 23 May 1983) was an English film actress.

Born Fanny Evelyn Garrett, she was taken to Australia as a child and later had a stage career there. She returned to England in 1924 and within three days of arrival had signed a contract and then made her first appearance on the London stage at Daly's Theatre in Madame Pompadour. A film contract soon followed, although she continued to appear on stage in the West End in plays such as Charles Bennett's Sensation.
Samuel Edward Krune Mqhayi
Samuel Edward Krune Mqhayi (S. E. K. Mqhayi, 1 December 1875 – 29 July 1945) was a Xhosa dramatist, essayist, critic, novelist, historian, biographer, translator and poet whose works are regarded as instrumental in standardising the grammar of isiXhosa and preserving the language in the 20th century.

Xhosa language
Xhosa (/ˈkoʊsə/ KOH-sə, Xhosa: [ᵏǁʰôːsa] ⓘ), formerly spelled Xosa and also known by its local name isiXhosa, is a Bantu language, indigenous to Southern Africa and one of the official languages of South Africa and Zimbabwe.

Xhosa is spoken as a first language by approximately 8 million people and as a second language in South Africa, particularly in Eastern Cape, Western Cape, Northern Cape and Gauteng, and also in parts of Zimbabwe and Lesotho. It has perhaps the heaviest functional load of click consonants in a Bantu language (approximately tied with Yeyi), with one count finding that 10% of basic vocabulary items contained a click.
Tabo–Huai Yai Wildlife Sanctuary
Tabo–Huai Yai Wildlife Sanctuary (Thai: เขตรักษาพันธุ์สัตว์ป่าตะเบาะ-ห้วยใหญ่;RTGS: Khet Raksa Phan Satpa Tabo-Huai Yai) is a wildlife sanctuary in Bueng Sam Phan, Nong Phai, Mueang Phetchabun districts of Phetchabun Province and Nong Bua Daeng, Phakdi Chumphon districts of Chaiyaphum Province of Thailand. The sanctuary covers an area of 652 square kilometres (252 sq mi) and was established in 1997.

Phetchabun province
Phetchabun (Thai: เพชรบูรณ์, pronounced [pʰét.tɕʰā.būːn]) is one of Thailand's seventy-six provinces (changwat) and lies in lower northern Thailand. Neighbouring provinces are (from north clockwise) Loei, Khon Kaen, Chaiyaphum, Lopburi, Nakhon Sawan, Phichit and Phitsanulok.
Jesse Ianthus Alexander
Jesse Ianthus Alexander (October 10, 1824 – May 30, 1871) was a politician, lawyer, and veteran of both the Mexican–American War and the American Civil War from Gosport, Indiana. Alexander served in the 4th Indiana Volunteers under Colonel Willis A. Gorman and was later elected as the Colonel of the 59th Indiana Infantry Regiment during the American Civil War. Alexander served in the Indiana Senate from 1850 to 1852 and again in 1855 and 1857 and was affiliated with the Republican Party.

59th Indiana Infantry Regiment
The 59th Regiment, Indiana Volunteer Infantry, was organized at Gosport and Indianapolis, Indiana on February 11, 1862. It was moved to Commerce, Missouri on February 18–22, the first Regiment to report to General Pope for duty with the Army of Mississippi during the American Civil War.
Theodore Lyman I
Theodore Lyman I (January 8, 1753 – May 28, 1839) was an American shipping magnate in the Old China Trade, alongside other Boston merchants such as Thomas Handasyd Perkins and John Perkins Cushing. He built the Lyman Estate in Waltham, Massachusetts. His descendants included influential businessmen and politicians.

Thomas Handasyd Perkins
Colonel Thomas Handasyd Perkins, also known as T. H. Perkins (December 15, 1764 – January 11, 1854), was an American merchant, slave trader, smuggler and philanthropist from a wealthy Boston Brahmin family. Starting with bequests from his grandfather and father-in-law, he amassed a huge fortune. As a young man, he traded slaves in Saint-Domingue, worked as a maritime fur trader trading furs from the American Northwest to China, and then turned to smuggling Turkish opium into China. His philanthropic contributions include the Perkins School for the Blind, renamed in his honor; the Boston Museum of Fine Arts; McLean Hospital; along with having a hand in founding the Massachusetts General Hospital.
Jean Urquhart
Jean Urquhart MBE (born 17 May 1949) is a Scottish politician. She was formerly a Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP), first elected in 2011 for the Highlands and Islands region as a Scottish National Party (SNP) member, then continuing to sit as an independent after she left the SNP in October 2012. She had been an SNP councillor at the Highland Council from 2003 to 2011.

Highland Council
The Highland Council (Comhairle na Gàidhealtachd Scottish Gaelic pronunciation: [ˈkʰõ.ərˠʎə nə ˈkɛːəl̪ˠt̪əxk]) is the local authority for Highland, one of the 32 council areas of Scotland. The council is based at the Highland Council Headquarters in Inverness.
Mohan Narayan Rao Samant
Captain Mohan Narayan Rao Samant, MVC (1930 – 20 March 2019) was an officer of the Indian Navy, who was awarded the Maha Vir Chakra, India's second-highest war-time gallantry award. Samant played an important role in the covert operation called Naval Commando Operation X, which was instituted in 1971 during the Bangladesh Liberation War. Samant had also served as the first commanding officer of the submarine INS Karanj after being appointed to that post in 1969. After the 1971 war ended, he became the first temporary Chief of Naval Staff of the newly created Bangladesh Navy.

INS Karanj (S21)
INS Karanj (S21) was a Kalvari-class diesel-electric submarine of the Indian Navy.

The ship was named after the Karanja island, also known as Uran island, located in the Raigad district of Maharashtra.
John Gray (New South Wales politician)
John Proctor Gray (1 December 1840 – 20 April 1914) was an Australian businessman and politician. He served as a Senator for New South Wales from 1904 to 1910, representing the Free Trade Party and Liberal Party. Prior to his election to parliament he was active in the federation movement and was a senior manager for Lever Brothers.

Lever Brothers
Lever Brothers Limited was a British manufacturing company founded in 1885 by two brothers: William Hesketh Lever, 1st Viscount Leverhulme (1851–1925), and James Darcy Lever (1854–1916). They invested in and successfully promoted a new soap-making process invented by chemist William Hough Watson. Lever Brothers entered the United States market in 1895 and acquired Mac Fisheries, owner of T. Wall & Sons, in 1925. Its brands included Lifebuoy, Lux and Vim. Lever Brothers merged with Margarine Unie to form Unilever in 1929.