hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Nelder
John Ashworth Nelder FRS (8 October 1924 – 7 August 2010) was a British statistician known for his contributions to experimental design, analysis of variance, computational statistics, and statistical theory.

Statistical theory
The theory of statistics provides a basis for the whole range of techniques, in both study design and data analysis, that are used within applications of statistics. The theory covers approaches to statistical-decision problems and to statistical inference, and the actions and deductions that satisfy  the basic principles stated for these different approaches. Within a given approach, statistical theory gives ways of comparing statistical procedures; it can find the  best possible procedure within a given context for given statistical problems, or can provide guidance on the choice between alternative procedures.

Apart from philosophical considerations about how to make statistical inferences and decisions, much of statistical theory consists of mathematical statistics, and is closely linked to probability theory, to utility theory, and to optimization.
ShKO Oskemen
ShKO Hockey Club (Kazakh: ШҚО хоккей клубы), often referred to as ShKO Oskemen and literally as East Kazakhstan Region (Kazakh: Шығыс Қазақстан облысы), is the farm team of Torpedo Ust-Kamenogorsk. Formerly it known as Kazzinc-Torpedo-2 (2009–2014) and Torpedo Oskemen (2014–2015). They were founded in 2009, and play in the Kazakhstan Hockey Championship, the top level of ice hockey in Kazakhstan.

Kazzinc-Torpedo
Torpedo Hockey Club (Kazakh: Торпедо хоккей клубы, «Torpedo» hokkeı klýby; Russian: Хоккейный клуб Торпедо), commonly referred to as Torpedo Ust-Kamenogorsk, formerly known as Kazzinc-Torpedo (1999–2015), is a professional ice hockey team based in Oskemen, Kazakhstan. Torpedo has typically been the most dominant developmental club in Kazakhstan and its senior level team plays at the Kazakhstan Hockey Championship. Most Kazakh players who have reached the National Hockey League (NHL) trace their roots to Torpedo. Kazzinc-Torpedo is the most crowned Kazakhstan team, with 13 championship wins.
NGC 759
NGC 759 is an elliptical galaxy located 230 million light-years away in the constellation Andromeda. NGC 759 was discovered by astronomer by Heinrich d'Arrest on September 17, 1865. It is a member of Abell 262.

Despite being classified as a radio galaxy, the radio emission in NGC 759 could be due to star formation rather than an active galactic nucleus.

Abell 262
Abell 262 is a galaxy cluster in the Abell catalogue. It is part of the Perseus–Pisces Supercluster, one of the largest known structures in the universe. Although its central galaxy, NGC 708, is a giant cD galaxy, most of its bright galaxies are spirals, which is unusual for a galaxy cluster. With approximately 200 members it is a comparatively small cluster.
Robinson College, Cambridge
Robinson College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge. Founded in 1977, it is one of the newest Oxbridge colleges and is unique in having been intended, from its inception, for both undergraduate and graduate students of both sexes.

The College was founded through a significant donation from the businessman and philanthropist, Sir David Robinson. In 1981 Robinson College was formally opened by Queen Elizabeth II with both undergraduate and graduate students in attendance.

Selwyn College, Cambridge
Selwyn College, Cambridge is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge. The college was founded in 1882 by the Selwyn Memorial Committee in memory of George Augustus Selwyn (1809–1878), the first Bishop of New Zealand (1841–1868), and subsequently Bishop of Lichfield (1868–1878). Its main buildings consist of three courts built of stone and brick (Old Court, Ann's Court, and Cripps Court). There are several secondary buildings, including adjacent townhouses and lodges serving as student hostels on Grange Road, West Road and Sidgwick Avenue. The college has some 60 fellows and 110 non-academic staff.

In 2024, Selwyn was ranked fifth on the Tompkins Table of Cambridge colleges in order of undergraduates' performances in examinations. The college was ranked 16th out of 30 in an assessment of college wealth conducted by the student newspaper Varsity in November 2006.
Line 4 (Metrovalencia)
Line 4 is a light rail service that forms part of the Metrovalencia network. It links the Port of Valencia with the municipalities of Paterna and Burjassot, running through the historic Pont de Fusta station. The line opened on May 21, 1994. During major trade events, some services are extended to the Fira València exhibition center.

The line was created by transforming a former suburban railway branch between Empalme and Pont de Fusta into a modern tramway.

Paterna
Paterna is a city and a municipality in the province of Valencia in the Valencian Community, Spain. It is located northeast of the comarca of L'Horta de Valencia, 5 kilometres (3 miles) northwest of the inland suburbs of Valencia, and on the left bank of the river Turia. Its population in 2014 was 67,156 inhabitants, being the eleventh biggest city by population in the Valencian Community.
Amsteldiepdijk
Amsteldiepdijk is a dike between Van Ewijcksluis and the island of Wieringen. It was built in 1924 and closes a portion of the Amsteldiep and of the Ulkediep.

It is often considered to be the first work of engineering of the Zuiderzee works. With the small dike, the former island (1200 to 1932) of Wieringen is connected on the western side with the mainland of North Holland and is no longer an island.

The dam serves as a prototype in some way to works to come on the future IJsselmeer. Some errors served as lessons. A collapse is still visible on the side of the lake Amstelmeer. The government decided that it was the fault of the contractor, and ultimately he had to pay damages to the state. Prime contractors joined forces in a consortium, the Society for the implementation of work of the Zuiderzee.

This small dike is important as the first time that boulder clay was used in the construction of dam. It remained to build the large dam in the south to close the polder Wieringermeer.

Zuiderzee Works
The Zuiderzee Works (Dutch: Zuiderzeewerken) is a system of dams and dikes, land reclamation and water drainage work, which was the largest hydraulic engineering project undertaken by the Netherlands during the twentieth century. The project involved the damming of the Zuiderzee, a large, shallow inlet of the North Sea, and the reclamation of land in the newly enclosed water using polders. Its main purposes are to improve flood protection and create additional land for agriculture.

The enormous scale of the works required the creation of a joint venture company comprising several large dredging contractors, known as the Maatschappij tot Uitvoering van Zuiderzeewerken. The American Society of Civil Engineers declared the works, together with the Delta Works in the South-West of the Netherlands, as among the Seven Wonders of the Modern World.
1991 The Winston
The 1991 edition of The Winston was a stock car racing competition that took place on May 19, 1991. Held at Charlotte Motor Speedway in Concord, North Carolina, the 70-lap race was an exhibition race in the 1991 NASCAR Winston Cup Series. Davey Allison of Robert Yates Racing won the pole and led all 70 caution-free laps to win the race and collect a total purse of US$325,000.

NASCAR All-Star Race
The NASCAR All-Star race is a non-championship, all-star race held annually since 1985. For a majority of the history of the all-star race, the race was held at Charlotte Motor Speedway, but has been changing venues since 2020. The 2026 race will be held at Dover Motor Speedway in Dover, Delaware for the first time in the history of the race.
Ross T. McIntire
Ross Thomas McIntire (August 11, 1889 – December 8, 1959) was an American physician and United States Navy officer. An otolaryngologist, he was appointed physician to President Franklin Roosevelt in 1933, becoming the first Physician to the President with a board-certified speciality. In 1938, he became the Surgeon General of the United States Navy, overseeing a major expansion of the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery during World War II. Following his retirement from the Navy with the rank of vice admiral, he held many senior positions in medical institutions, including Chairman of the President's Committee on Employment of the Physically Handicapped.

Vice admiral (United States)
Vice admiral (abbreviated as VADM) is a three-star commissioned officer rank in the United States Navy, the United States Coast Guard, the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps, and the United States Maritime Service, with the pay grade of O-9. Vice admiral ranks above rear admiral and below admiral. Vice admiral is equivalent to the rank of lieutenant general in the other uniformed services.
Jagratha
Jagratha: CBI Diary - Part 2 (transl. Caution) is a 1989 Indian Malayalam-language mystery thriller film directed by K. Madhu, starring Mammootty,  Mukesh and Jagathy Sreekumar.

It is the second movie in the CBI investigative thrillers series serving as a sequel to Oru CBI Diary Kurippu released in 1988. Mammootty reprises his role as the CBI officer Sethurama Iyer. Three more sequels were produced in the CBI series: Sethurama Iyer CBI (2004), Nerariyan CBI (2005) and CBI 5: The Brain (2022). Jagratha was a commercial success and is considered one of the best investigative thrillers in Malayalam.

Sethurama Iyer CBI
Sethurama Iyer CBI is a 2004 Indian Malayalam-language mystery crime film directed by K. Madhu and written by S. N. Swamy. It stars Mammootty in the title role, alongside Mukesh and Jagathy Sreekumar in supporting roles. Shyam composed the background score for the film.

The film is the third installment in the CBI film series, featuring Mammootty as CBI officer Sethurama Iyer. The film was the highest-grossing film of the year, collecting around distributors share of ₹4 crore and a gross around ₹16 crore. The success of the film made Mammootty "Man of the year". The base story and initial scenes are adopted from Arthur Hailey's novel Detective. Some of the scenes of the film are also loosely based on the 2001 Aluva massacre.
To Have and to Hold (1963 film)
To Have and to Hold is a 1963 British film directed by Herbert Wise and starring Ray Barrett, Katherine Blake and Nigel Stock. Part of the series of Edgar Wallace Mysteries films made at Merton Park Studios, it It was written by Jon Sansom based on the 1918 story The Breaking Point by Edgar Wallace.

Nigel Stock (actor)
Nigel Stock  (21 September 1919 – 23 June 1986) was a British actor who played character roles in many films and television dramas. He played Dr. Watson in the BBC's television adaptations of the Sherlock Holmes stories between 1964 and 1968, and is known for his supporting roles as a solidly reliable English soldier or bureaucrat in several war and historical film dramas. He also played the title role in Owen, M.D. (1971—73), and Hoofd-commissaris Samson in Van der Valk. He appeared in noted films such as Brighton Rock, The Dam Busters, Victim and The Great Escape.
Anwara Begum (politician)
Anwara Begum (1948/1949 – 4 August 2019) was a Bangladeshi politician who was elected as member of 3rd Jatiya Sangsad of reserved seats for women. She joined Jatiya Party (Kazi Zafor) from Jatiya Party of Hussain Muhammad Ershad in 2013. She was appointed a presidium member of Jatiya Party (Kazi Zafor).

Begum died on 4 August 2019 at the age of 70.

Kazi Zafar Ahmed
Kazi Zafar Ahmad (/ˈkɑːzi ˈzɑːfɑːr ˈɑːxmɛd/ ⓘ; Bengali: কাজী জাফর আহমেদ; 1 July 1939 – 27 August 2015) was a Bangladeshi politician of the Jatiya Party, who was Prime Minister of Bangladesh from 1989 to 1990.
HMS Heroine
Four ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Heroine:

HMS Heroine (1783) was a 32-gun fifth rate launched in 1783. She was converted into a floating battery in 1803 and was sold in 1806. Because Heroine served in the navy's Egyptian campaign (8 March to 8 September 1801), her officers and crew qualified for the clasp "Egypt" to the Naval General Service Medal, which the Admiralty issued in 1847 to all surviving claimants.

HMS Heroine was a 32-gun fifth rate launched in 1758 as the 36-gun HMS Venus. She was reduced in 32 guns in 1792 and renamed HMS Heroine in 1809. She was used for harbour service from 1817 and was sold in 1828.

HMS Heroine (1841) was an 8-gun packet brig launched in 1841. She was used for harbour service from 1865 and broken up in 1878.

HMS Heroine (1881) was a Satellite-class composite screw corvette launched in 1881 and sold in 1902.

HMS Venus (1758)
HMS Venus (renamed HMS Heroine in 1809) was the name ship of the 36-gun Venus-class fifth-rate frigates of the Royal Navy.  She was launched in 1758 and served for more than half a century until 1809. She was reduced from 36 to 32 guns in 1792. She was sold in 1822.
Classic Masters (Grand Funk Railroad album)
Classic Masters is a compilation album from Grand Funk Railroad. Released in 2002, it is one in a series by Capitol Records.

It was intended to replace 1991's Capitol Collectors Series compilation, although track-wise they are identical except for one song. Both albums have 15 tracks, but Classic Masters includes "Take Me" whereas Collectors Series has "Inside Looking Out". The only other difference is the order of the tracks on the disc.

Classic Masters is 24-bit remastered whereas Collectors Series is credited as being mastered from the original stereo mixes. Classic Masters should be considered the better of the two CDs sound wise, but the Collectors Series does have better liner notes.

This CD as a sampler to the recently reissued/remastered Grand Funk catalogue on Capitol.

Capitol Collectors Series (Grand Funk Railroad album)
Capitol Collector Series is a compilation album from Grand Funk Railroad released in 1991. It was the first compilation covering the bulk of the band's career on Capitol Records. The songs are arranged chronologically.

In January 2002, the album was certified Gold by the RIAA.
Heinrich Haake
Heinrich "Heinz" Haake (24 January 1892 – 17 September 1945) was an early member and of the Nazi Party who briefly was the Gauleiter of the southern Rhineland. He served as a deputy in the Landtag of Prussia from 1928 to 1933 and in the Reichstag from 1933 to 1945. He also was the government administrator of the Rhine Province for the duration of the Nazi regime, and attained the rank of SA-Obergruppenführer in the Nazi paramilitary, the Sturmabteilung. At the end of the Second World War, he was taken prisoner by British forces and died while still in captivity.

Obergruppenführer
Obergruppenführer (German: [ˈoːbɐˌɡʁʊpm̩fyːʁɐ], lit. 'senior group leader') was a paramilitary rank in Nazi Germany that was first created in 1932 as a rank of the Sturmabteilung (SA) and adopted by the Schutzstaffel (SS) one year later. Until April 1942, it was the highest commissioned SS rank after only Reichsführer-SS. Translated as "senior group leader", the rank of Obergruppenführer was senior to Gruppenführer. A similarly named rank of Untergruppenführer existed in the SA from 1929 to 1930 and as a title until 1933. In April 1942, the new rank of SS-Oberst-Gruppenführer was created which was above Obergruppenführer and below Reichsführer-SS.
2006–2007 Israeli Final Four
The 2006–2007 Israeli Final Four (Israeli Basketball) the second Israeli Final Four was held at Yad Eliyahu Arena, Tel Aviv Israel on 29 and 31 May 2007 to determine the winner of the 2006–2007 Israeli League. The contestants were Maccabi Tel Aviv, the 2005–2006 Israeli League champion, Hapoel Jerusalem, the 2005–2006 Israeli League runner-up and the 2006–2007 Israeli State Cup winner, Bnei Hasharon, the 2006–2007 Israeli State Cup runner-up and Hapoel Galil Elyon. Maccabi Tel Aviv won their 47th Israeli League crown, beating Hapoel Jerusalem 80-78 in the final.

Menora Mivtachim Arena
Yad Eliyahu Arena (Hebrew: היכל יד אליהו), known as the Menora Mivtachim Arena (Hebrew: היכל מנורה מבטחים) and formerly as the Nokia Arena (Hebrew: היכל נוקיה) for commercial reasons, is a large multi-purpose sports indoor arena located in southeastern Tel Aviv, Israel. It is primarily hosts tennis matches, basketball games, and concerts.

It is one of the major sporting facilities in the Greater Tel Aviv area. The arena is owned by the municipality of Tel Aviv, and is managed by Sports Palaces Ltd., a company also fully owned by the municipality (which also manages Bloomfield Stadium and Drive in Arena). On 1 January 2015, the arena changed its name to Menora Mivtachim Arena.
Salsa e Merengue
Salsa e Merengue is a Brazilian telenovela produced and broadcast at the 7pm timeslot by TV Globo, from September 30, 1996 to May 2, 1997, in 185 episodes.

It is written by Miguel Falabella and Maria Carmem Barbosa, with text supervision of Gilberto Braga and directed by Wolf Maya.

The telenovela stars Patrícia França, Marcos Palmeira, Marcello Antony, Débora Bloch, Victor Fasano, Laura Cardoso, Arlete Salles, Bia Nunnes, José D'Artagnan Júnior, Rosamaria Murtinho, Walmor Chagas and Cristiana Oliveira in the main roles.

Marcos Palmeira
Marcos Palmeira de Paula (born 19 August 1963) is a Brazilian actor, TV host and producer. He is nephew of the siblings Chico Anysio and Lupe Gigliotti.
In 2013, he was nominated for an International Emmy Award for best actor for his role in the series Mandrake.
Matt Thompson (priest)
Matthew Thompson (born 1968) is a British Anglican priest. Since 2017, he has been the Dean of Birmingham – head of the chapter of canons of Birmingham Cathedral and the most senior priest in the Diocese of Birmingham. He was previously, since 2008, vicar of Bolton Parish Church in the Diocese of Manchester.

Dean of Birmingham
The Dean of Birmingham is the senior member of clergy responsible for St. Philip's Cathedral in Birmingham, England. Before 2000 the post was designated provost, which was the equivalent of a dean but used in the case of pro-cathedrals, such as Birmingham, which had originally been built as parish churches.
Nathaniel Salmon
Nathaniel Salmon (born 12 February 2004) is a New Zealand American football tight end and basketball player. He played in the National Basketball League (NBL) for the Manawatu Jets and Wellington Saints. He is a participant in the National Football League's International Player Pathway (IPP) program.

Manawatu Jets
The Manawatu Jets are a New Zealand professional men's basketball team based in Palmerston North. The Jets compete in the National Basketball League (NBL) and play their home games at Central Energy Trust Arena. For sponsorship reasons, they are known as the Property Brokers Manawatu Jets.
Alicia Atout
Alicia Claire Atout-Friedman (/əˈtuː/ ə-TOO; born 1 June 1995) is a Canadian interviewer and YouTube personality. She is signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW), and additionally works for Knotfest as a host on its Twitch channel.

Best known for her work in the music and professional wrestling industries, Atout runs her own music-oriented blog A Music Blog, Yea? (AMBY), as well her own YouTube channel where she interviews music and wrestling personalities. Atout previously worked with the professional wrestling promotions Beyond Wrestling, Impact Wrestling, and Major League Wrestling (MLW) and was the MC for professional wrestler Mick Foley's 20 Years of Hell speaking tour. She has also served as the backstage interviewer for numerous independent wrestling promotions, most notably appearing at the 2018 All In pay-per-view event.

Knotfest
Knotfest is a music festival created in 2012 by American heavy metal band Slipknot and their longtime manager and CEO of 5B Artist Management, Cory Brennan. The event has been held both as a destination festival and touring festival in several countries including the United States, Canada and Mexico in North America; Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Colombia in South America; Finland, France, Germany, United Kingdom* in Europe, Japan in Asia; and Australia.

Aside from Slipknot, Knotfest has featured a diverse alumni of past performers including metal acts Korn, Deftones, Bring Me the Horizon, Avenged Sevenfold, Limp Bizkit, Lamb of God, Gojira, Judas Priest, Bad Omens; Hardcore bands Turnstile and Knocked Loose; Hip-Hop acts $UICIDEBOY$ and Ghostface Killah and many more
Ivan Nikitich Konev
Ivan Nikitich Konev (Russian: Иван Никитич Конев; 5 January 1899 – 19 November 1983) was a Soviet major general during World War II and a Hero of the Soviet Union. Konev led the 3rd Guards Airborne Division through most of the war and was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union for his leadership of the division during the Second Jassy–Kishinev Offensive. Postwar, Konev continued to serve in the Soviet Army and became the deputy commander of multiple army corps.

Second Jassy–Kishinev offensive
The Jassy–Kishinev offensive, named after the two major cities, Jassy and Kishinev, in the staging area, was a Soviet offensive against Axis forces, which took place in Eastern Romania from 20 to 29 August 1944 during World War II. The 2nd and 3rd Ukrainian Fronts of the Red Army engaged Army Group South Ukraine, which consisted of combined German and Romanian formations, in an operation to reoccupy Bessarabia and destroy the Axis forces in the region, opening the way into Romania and the Balkans.

The offensive resulted in the encirclement and destruction of the German forces, allowing the Soviet Army to resume its strategic advance further into Eastern Europe. It also pressured Romania to switch allegiance from the Axis powers to the Allies. For the Germans, this was a massive defeat, which can be compared to the defeat at Stalingrad.
Pseudomogrus improcerus
Pseudomogrus improcerus is  a species of jumping spider in the genus Pseudomogrus that is endemic to Yemen. The species was first defined by Wanda Wesołowska and Antonius van Harten in 1994. They originally placed it in the genus Yllenus, but was moved to the new genus Logunyllus in 2016, and then to its present designation in 2019. The spider is small, with a carapace measuring between 1.84 and 1.9 mm (0.07 and 0.07 in) long and an abdomen between 2.05 and 2.1 mm (0.08 and 0.08 in) long. The female has a red-brown or brown carapace and brownish-grey abdomen covered in small brown, grey, white and golden scales. Some examples have a band across the top of the abdomen. The spider has yellow legs. The copulatory organs are distinctive and enable the spider to be distinguished from others in the genus. The female epigyne has simple insemination ducts and large accessory glands.

Opisthosoma
The opisthosoma is the posterior part of the body in some arthropods, behind the prosoma (cephalothorax). It is a distinctive feature of the subphylum Chelicerata (arachnids, horseshoe crabs and others). It is similar in most respects to an abdomen (and is often referred to as such).
Morten Suurballe
Morten Sasse Suurballe  is a Danish actor, best known for playing Detective Chief Inspector Lennart Brix in the three television series The Killing (Danish: Forbrydelsen) in which he played alongside Sofie Gråbøl.

Sofie Gråbøl
Sofie Gråbøl (Danish pronunciation: [sofiˀə ˈkʁʌpøl]; born 30 July 1968) is a Danish actress. She had her breakthrough role in the 1986 Danish film Early Spring, directed by Astrid Henning-Jensen, playing the lead role in the film version of Tove Ditlevsen's novel Barndommens gade when she was 17 years old. On television she has starred in Taxa and Nikolaj og Julie.

Gråbøl has become known in Denmark for playing emotional roles, but she achieved international fame as a detective—the cool and distant lead character Inspector Sarah Lund in all three series of The Killing (Danish: Forbrydelsen). In the UK it was broadcast on BBC4 with great success, winning a BAFTA award, and bringing Gråbøl celebrity status.