hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Advanced practice nurse
An advanced practice nurse (APN) is a nurse with post-graduate education and training in nursing. Nurses practising at this level may work in either a specialist or generalist capacity. APNs are prepared with advanced didactic and clinical education, knowledge, skills, and scope of practice in nursing.

In the United States, the National Council of State Boards of Nursing along with other nursing authorities and organizations recommend the use of the term and acronym advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) as described in the Consensus Model for APRN Regulation, Licensure, Accreditation, Certification and Education.

National Council of State Boards of Nursing
The National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN) is an independent, non-profit organization representing nursing regulatory bodies in the United States. It serves as a collaborative body for state boards of nursing, facilitating communication and action on public health and safety matters. One of the core functions of the NCSBN is the development and administration of the National Council Licensure Examination (NCLEX), a standardized exam required for nurse licensure in most jurisdictions.  Additionally, the organization conducts research to inform evidence-based regulatory practices regarding public protection. The NCSBN's membership includes 59 nursing regulatory bodies across all 50 U.S. states, the District of Columbia, and four U.S. territories.
Goodwife
Goodwife (Scots: Guidwife), usually abbreviated Goody, was a polite form of address for women, formerly used as Mrs., Miss and Ms. are used today. Its male counterpart is Goodman. However, a woman addressed by this title was of a lesser social rank than a woman addressed as Mistress.

Goodwife and Goody were used in England, Scotland, and Colonial America, with the earliest known use circa 1325. By the mid-18th century they had become archaic outside Scotland, and they are perhaps best known today as the forms of address used in period literature, like Arthur Miller's historical fiction The Crucible.

The title also appears in the expression Goody Two-Shoes, which is sometimes credited to the 1765 children's book The History of Little Goody Two-Shoes, though it was first used at least a century earlier.

Mistress (form of address)
Mistress is an old form of address for a woman. It was used as a title of respect for women of authority, respect, or social status. The title did not necessarily distinguish between married and unmarried women. The titles Mrs., Miss and Ms. are abbreviations derived from Mistress. The word mistress comes from the Anglo-Norman and Middle French maistresse, which itself derives from a combination of maistre, meaning master, and the suffix -esse.

Mastress is an obsolete form.

An example is Mistress Quickly in Shakespeare's The Merry Wives of Windsor.
Noel Kinsey
Noel Kinsey (24 December 1925 – 20 May 2017) was a Welsh international footballer who played as an inside right. He won seven international caps and scored 111 goals in 444 league games in a 14-year career in the Football League.

He began his career with Norwich City in 1947, helping the "Canaries" to second place in the Third Division South in 1950–51. He transferred to Birmingham City in 1953, helping the club to the Second Division title in 1954–55. He scored in the 1956 FA Cup final, which ended in a 3–1 defeat to Manchester City. In February 1958, he was signed to Port Vale for a £5,000 fee and helped the "Valiants" to the Fourth Division title in 1958–59. He became a player-coach at Vale Park in May 1960 before departing in April 1962. He later played for non-League sides King's Lynn and Lowestoft Town and worked at Norwich Union Insurance. He entered the Norwich City F.C. Hall of Fame in 2003.

King's Lynn F.C.
52°44′58.6″N 0°24′29.2″E﻿ / ﻿52.749611°N 0.408111°E﻿ / 52.749611; 0.408111

King's Lynn Football Club was an English association football club based in King's Lynn, Norfolk. The club was founded in 1881 and they were wound up at the High Court on 25 November 2009 with debts of £77,000, going out of business in December after a failed appeal. The club was re-formed in January 2010 as Lynn FC and later renamed King's Lynn Town.
Wave surface
In mathematics, Fresnel's wave surface, found by Augustin-Jean Fresnel in 1822, is a quartic surface describing the propagation of light in an optically biaxial crystal. Wave surfaces are special cases of tetrahedroids which are in turn special cases of  Kummer surfaces.

In projective coordinates (w:x:y:z) the wave surface is given by

They are used in the treatment of conical refractions.

Quartic surface
In mathematics, especially in algebraic geometry, a quartic surface is a surface defined by an equation of degree 4.

More specifically there are two closely related types of quartic surface: affine and projective.  An affine quartic surface is the solution set of an equation of the form

where f is a polynomial of degree 4, such as ⁠⁠.  This is a surface in affine space A3.

On the other hand, a projective quartic surface is a surface in projective space P3 of the same form, but now f is a homogeneous polynomial of 4 variables of degree 4, so for example ⁠⁠.

If the base field is ⁠⁠ or ⁠⁠ the surface is said to be real or complex respectively. One must be careful to distinguish between algebraic Riemann surfaces, which are in fact quartic curves over ⁠⁠, and quartic surfaces over ⁠⁠. For instance, the Klein quartic is a real surface given as a quartic curve over ⁠⁠. If on the other hand the base field is finite, then it is said to be an arithmetic quartic surface.
Hit the Hay
Hit the Hay is a 1945 American musical comedy film directed by Del Lord and starring Judy Canova, Ross Hunter, Fortunio Bonanova and Doris Merrick. It was produced and distributed by Columbia Pictures.

Fortunio Bonanova
Fortunio Bonanova, pseudonym of Josep Lluís Moll, (13 January 1895 – 2 April 1969) was a Spanish baritone singer and a film, theater, and television actor. He occasionally worked as a producer and director.

According to Lluis Fàbregas Cuixart, the pseudonym Fortunio Bonanova referred to his desire to seek fortune, and his love of the Bonanova neighborhood in his native Palma.
Torey Krug
Torey Krug (/kruːɡ/ KROOG; born April 12, 1991) is a former American professional ice hockey defenseman under contract with the St. Louis Blues of the National Hockey League (NHL). Krug previously played for the Boston Bruins from 2012 to 2020. He has not played an NHL game since.

Being undrafted, he played NCAA hockey at Michigan State University, also playing for the Indiana Ice of the United States Hockey League (USHL), winning the Clark Cup with the latter, the team's first-ever title.

In 2012, Krug was named the CCHA Player of the Year, and was a finalist for the Hobey Baker Award.

United States Hockey League
The United States Hockey League (USHL) is the top junior ice hockey league sanctioned by USA Hockey. The league consists of 16 active teams located in the Midwestern United States and Great Plains, for players between the ages of 16 and 21. The USHL is strictly amateur, allowing former players to compete in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) college hockey.

The Lincoln Stars won the Anderson Cup as the 2024–25 regular season champions. The Muskegon Lumberjacks won the 2025 Clark Cup playoff championship, their first in franchise history.
Carla Stickler
Carla Stickler is an American semi-retired musical theatre actress, who is best known for her work on the musical Wicked (as an ensemble member, and an understudy for Elphaba).  She is mainly a software engineer (at G2 in Chicago) who came back in 2022 to Broadway to fill in for Elphaba due to the COVID-19 pandemic in New York.

Elphaba
Elphaba Thropp (/ˈɛlfəbə ˈθrɒp/ ⓘ) is a fictional character created by Gregory Maguire as the protagonist of his 1995 novel Wicked: The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West. She also appears in the novel's musical theatre adaptation, as well as the musical's two-part film adaptation, Wicked (2024) and Wicked: For Good (2025).

Elphaba is a reimagining of the Wicked Witch of the West from L. Frank Baum's 1900 novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. In Baum's novel, the Witch is unnamed and little is explained about her life; Maguire's Wicked creates a backstory for her and explores events in the Land of Oz through her perspective. Elphaba's name was formulated from the pronunciation of Baum's initials ("L.F.B."), while her appearance was modeled after Margaret Hamilton's portrayal of the Witch in the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz: green-skinned, clad entirely in black, and wearing a tall peaked hat.
2021–22 Moldovan National Division
The 2021–22 Moldovan National Division (Romanian: Divizia Națională) was the 31st season of top-tier football in Moldova. The season started on 1 July 2021 and ended on 14 May 2022. Sheriff Tiraspol were the defending champions. The winners of the league this season earned a spot in the first qualifying round of the 2022–23 UEFA Champions League, and the second, third and fourth placed clubs earned a place in the first qualifying round of the 2022–23 UEFA Europa Conference League.

2022–23 UEFA Europa Conference League
The 2022–23 UEFA Europa Conference League was the second season of the UEFA Europa Conference League, Europe's tertiary club football tournament organised by UEFA.

The final was played at Fortuna Arena in Prague, Czech Republic. It was won by West Ham United, who defeated Fiorentina 2–1, and qualified for the 2023–24 UEFA Europa League group stage as a result.

As the title holders, Roma qualified for the 2022–23 UEFA Europa League. They were unable to defend their title after advancing to the Europa League knockout phase.
Chatham Islands petrel
The Chatham Islands petrel (Pterodroma axillaris), also known as the Chatham petrel or ranguru (Māori), is a medium-sized, grey, white and black gadfly petrel. It only breeds on the Chatham Islands, New Zealand, and until recently was restricted to the 218-hectare Rangatira or South-East Island.

Broad-billed prion
The broad-billed prion (Pachyptila vittata) is a small pelagic seabird in the shearwater and petrel family, Procellariidae. It is the largest prion, with grey upperparts plumage, and white underparts. The sexes are alike. It ranges from the southeast Atlantic to New Zealand mainly near the Antarctic Convergence. In the south Atlantic it breeds on Tristan da Cunha and Gough Island; in the south Pacific it breeds on islands off the south coast of South Island, New Zealand and on the Chatham Islands. It has many other names that have been used such as blue-billed dove-petrel, broad-billed dove-petrel, long-billed prion, common prion, icebird, and whalebird.
Lodge Corollary
The Lodge Corollary was a corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. It forbade any foreign power or foreign interest of any kind from acquiring sufficient territory in the Western Hemisphere as to put that government in "practical power of control".

Western Hemisphere
The Western Hemisphere is the half of the planet Earth that lies west of the Prime Meridian and east of the 180th meridian. The other half is called the Eastern Hemisphere. In the United States, the term "Western Hemisphere" is often used as a metonym for the Americas, even though geographically, the hemisphere also includes parts of other continents.
Huang Shu-kuang
Huang Shu-kuang (Chinese: 黃曙光) is a Taiwanese admiral, who served as the Chief of the General Staff of the ROC Armed Forces from 2020 to 2021, after the death of General Shen Yi-ming. Prior to his appointment, Huang served as Commander of the Navy, Chief of Staff of the Republic of China Navy and as commander of the Naval Fleet Command.

Shen Yi-ming
Shen Yi-ming (Chinese: 沈一鳴; Wade–Giles: Shen I-ming; 30 March 1957 – 2 January 2020) was a Taiwanese military officer who served as a Republic of China Air Force general and the Chief of the General Staff, Deputy Minister of National Defense for Policy, and Commander of the ROC Air Force.

On 2 January 2020, he was killed in a military helicopter crash while on a routine mission.
Torthyneum
Torthyneum or Torthyneon (Ancient Greek: Τορθύνεον), or Torthyneium or Torthyneion (Τορθύνειον), was a town of ancient Arcadia. It is contained in ancient epigraphic mentions: the appointment of a theorodokos of Torthyneum is mentioned in an inscription at Delphi, dated to the end of the 5th century or the beginning of the 4th century BCE; an inscription at Orchomenus that could be dated around the years 369-361 BCE; and in an inscription of Aetolia of around the years 262-236 BCE which names a resident of Tortineo as proxenos.

Its site is located with ruins found north of Kamenitsa, northeast of Lasta.

Orchomenus (Arcadia)
Orchomenus or Orchomenos (Greek: Ὀρχομενός) was an ancient city of Arcadia, Greece, called by Thucydides (v. 61) the Arcadian Orchomenus (Ὀρχομενός ὁ Ἀρκαδικός), to distinguish it from the Boeotian town.

Originating as a prehistoric settlement, Orchomenus became one of the powerful cities in West Arcadia along with Tegea and Mantineia. The heyday of the city was between 7th–6th century BC and it became a rich city which minted its own currency.

Its ruins are near the modern village of Orchomenos (before 1963: Καλπάκι, Kalpaki).
Seren Smale
Seren Anna Smale (born 13 December 2004) is a Welsh cricketer who currently plays for Lancashire and Manchester Originals. She plays as a right-handed batter and wicket-keeper. She has previously played for Cheshire, North West Thunder and Southern Brave, as well as making appearances for North Representative XI and Cumbria in 2021.

North West Thunder
North West Thunder, commonly referred to as Thunder, were a women's cricket team that represented Lancashire and North West England, one of eight regional hubs in English domestic women's cricket. They played their home matches at various grounds, including Old Trafford Cricket Ground. They were captained by Eleanor Threlkeld and coached by Chris Read. The team carried over many elements of the WCSL team Lancashire Thunder, but were partnered with Lancashire, Cheshire and Cumbria.

At the end of the 2024 season, following reforms to the structure of women's domestic cricket, the team was effectively replaced by a professionalised Lancashire team.
Don't You Know You're Beautiful
"Don't You Know You're Beautiful" is a song written by Chris Lindsey, Aimee Mayo, and Karyn Rochelle (who co-wrote her previous hits "Red High Heels" and "I Wonder"), and recorded by American country music artist Kellie Pickler. It served as the lead-off single to her self-titled second album. Pickler debuted the song at the 43rd annual Academy of Country Music Awards, and it was officially released to radio in June as the fourth single of her career.

Red High Heels
"Red High Heels" is a song written by Chris Lindsey, Aimee Mayo, Karyn Rochelle, and co-written and recorded by American country music artist Kellie Pickler. The song was the debut single off her debut album Small Town Girl (2006).

"Red High Heels" peaked at number 15 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart and number 64 on the Billboard Hot 100. The accompanying music video for the song, directed by Chris Hicky, features Pickler putting down her ex-boyfriend while celebrating with her girlfriends at a nightclub in said high heels. The song became her first to be certified Gold by the RIAA on June 2, 2009.
Gardian
A gardian (lit. 'guardian') is a mounted cattle herdsman in the Camargue delta in Provence, southern France. The work is akin to that of the Mexican charro, the North American cowboy, the Tuscan buttero or the Portuguese campino. Gardians ride Camargue horses.

Buttero
A buttero (Italian pronunciation: [ˈbuttero], plural butteri) or cavalcante is a mounted herder, usually of horses, of cattle, or of buffaloes, in Italy, predominantly in the Maremma region, in the Roman Marshes or in the Pontine Marshes.
Stanisław Kutrzeba
Stanisław Marian Kutrzeba (1876–1946) was a Polish historian and politician who was Professor of the Jagiellonian University from 1908, and then until the end of his life the Chair of Studies in Polish law. He was chair of the Law Department (1913/1914, 1920/1921), university's rector (1932/33), General Secretary of Polish Academy of Learning (1926–39) and its president (1939–1946). He was one of many professors of Jagiellonian University arrested by Nazis during Sonderaktion Krakau in 1939 and imprisoned in the Sachsenhausen concentration camp. After being freed in 1940, he took part in the underground education. In 1945, he was deputy to the State National Council.

His works in the area of history were centered on the history of Polish law, the history of Poland from 14th to 18th centuries and the history of Kraków.

Law of Poland
The Polish law or legal system in Poland has been developing since the first centuries of Polish history, over 1,000 years ago. The public and private laws of Poland are codified.

The supreme law in Poland is the Constitution of Poland. Poland is a civil law legal jurisdiction and has a civil code, the Civil Code of Poland. The Polish parliament creates legislation (law) and is made up of the Senat (upper house) and the Sejm (lower house).
Jan Abaza
Jan Abaza (born March 1, 1995) is an American former tennis player of Syrian descent.

She won two singles and nine doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit in her career. On August 5, 2013, she reached her best singles ranking of world No. 374. On July 20, 2015, she peaked at No. 138 in the WTA doubles rankings.

Partnering Louisa Chirico, Abaza won her first $50k title at the 2013 Melbourne Pro Classic, defeating Asia Muhammad and Allie Will in the final. However, she couldn't defend her title, losing in the final a year later.

Asia Muhammad
Asia Muhammad (born April 4, 1991) is an American professional tennis player who specializes in doubles. She has been ranked as high as world No. 8 in doubles by the WTA, achieved on March 17, 2025.
Muhammad has won 13 doubles titles on the WTA Tour including the 2024 Cincinnati WTA 1000 title with Erin Routliffe and the 2025 Indian Wells with Demi Schuurs.

She also reached the finals in 2022 Indian Wells with Ena Shibahara and in 2024 Wuhan with Jessica Pegula. In addition, Muhammad has won five doubles titles on the Challenger Tour and 35 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit. In singles she has a career-high No. 124, achieved on April 24, 2017 and has won 14 ITF singles titles.
Chase (2010 film)
Chase is a 2010 Indian Hindi-language action film directed by Jag Mundhra. The film stars Anuj Saxena, Udita Goswami, Sameer Kochhar and Tareena Patel in the lead roles, with Gulshan Grover making a special appearance. It was released on April 30, 2010. The musical score was composed by Udbhav Ojha and Vijay Verma, with lyrics by Jalees Sherwani, Manthan and Prashant Vasl. The title song is sung by Sajid Khan, while other songs were performed by Shaan, Shreya Ghoshal, and Vasundhara Das. The background musical score is by Amar Mohile.

Anuj Saxena
Dr. Anuj Saxena (born 31 July 1967) is an Indian actor, film producer and businessman.

Saxena made his acting debut in 1993 in the comedy TV series Dekh Bhai Dekh. He became famous for his role of Abhay Kapoor in Sony Entertainment Television's  serial Kkusum and has appeared in sixteen TV serials including Kshitij, Karm and Aasmaan Se Aagay. His first film appearance was in Chase in 2010. In 2005, he launched his own production house, Maverick Productions.

He married Ishmit Dhadial in 2004, but the couple divorced a year later in 2005.

Saxena is also the COO of pharmaceutical company Elder Pharmaceuticals, and was involved in a cheque bounce and fraud case related to the company. A bureaucrat, B.K. Bansal, investigating Elder Pharma fraud committed suicide in September 2016. The company had tried to bribe him earlier. Saxena is wanted by investigating agency CBI in the case, and a non-bailable warrant was issued by court for him in October 2016.
Ayer, Massachusetts
Ayer (/ɛər/ AIR) is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States.  Originally part of Groton, it was incorporated February 14, 1871, and became a major commercial railroad junction. The town was home to Camp Stevens, a training camp for Massachusetts volunteers during the American Civil War. Later, Fort Devens was established by the federal government to train New England soldiers for World War I. Fort Devens is a major influence on the area, although it is considerably smaller than when it was first closed in the mid-1990s. The town's population was 8,479 at the 2020 census. It contains the census-designated places of Ayer and Devens.

Shirley, Massachusetts
Shirley is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. It is approximately thirty miles west-northwest of Boston. The population was 7,431 at the 2020 census. It contains census-designated place of Shirley and part of Devens. The town has a well-preserved historic New England town center.

It is home to the Massachusetts Correctional Institution – Shirley, a medium-security state prison. (The neighboring maximum-security Souza-Baranowski Correctional Center lies just outside the town limits in the town of Lancaster.)  The remains of a Shaker village have been preserved within the grounds of the prison.
Menendez: Blood Brothers
Menendez: Blood Brothers is a 2017 television film directed by Fenton Bailey and Randy Barbato and written by Abdi Nazemian. Starring Courtney Love, Nico Tortorella, Myko Olivier, and Benito Martinez, it is based on the lives of Lyle and Erik Menendez, two brothers who were convicted of murdering their parents in Beverly Hills, California in 1989.

The film aired on the Lifetime network in North America on June 11, 2017.

Nico Tortorella
Nico Tortorella (born July 30, 1988) is an American actor and model, known for screen roles including the slasher film Scream 4 (2011), the Fox crime drama series The Following (2013–2015), and the TV Land comedy drama series Younger (2015–2021). He also played Felix Carlucci on the AMC series The Walking Dead: World Beyond (2020–2021).
John Whitney (industrialist)
John Whitney (27 June 1836–6 September 1932) was a New Zealand industrialist, who established the Colonial Ammunition Company. Born in England, he served as an officer in the British Army for several years, mainly in Ireland. In 1884 he and his family emigrated to New Zealand. The Panjdeh incident of 1885 saw him join the colonial militia. The crisis also saw Britain temporarily cease its supply of ammunition to New Zealand. To fill the resulting void, Whitney started up a company to manufacture ammunition, and by 1888, this had evolved into the Colonial Ammunition Company. Factories were built in Mount Eden and in Melbourne, Australia, and these supplied ammunition for New Zealand and Australian governments. The company was a major supplier of munitions during the First World War. After Whitney's retirement, the business was run by his son. Whitney died at the age of 96 at Remuera, in Auckland.

Remuera
Remuera  is a suburb in Auckland, New Zealand. It is located four kilometres southeast of the city centre. Remuera is characterised by many large houses, often Edwardian or mid 20th century. A prime example of a "leafy" suburb, Remuera is noted for its quiet tree-lined streets. The suburb has numerous green spaces, most obvious of which is Ōhinerau / Mount Hobson – a volcanic cone with views from the top overlooking Waitematā Harbour and Rangitoto.

The suburb extends from Hobson Bay and the Ōrākei Basin on the Waitematā Harbour to the north and east, to the main thoroughfare of State Highway 1 in the southwest. It is surrounded by the suburbs of Ōrākei, Meadowbank, Saint Johns, Mount Wellington, Ellerslie, Greenlane, Epsom, Newmarket and Parnell. Remuera has been home to many well-known New Zealanders, including the late Sir Edmund Hillary and the race car driver Bruce McLaren.