hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Eduard Jäger von Jaxtthal
Eduard Jäger von Jaxtthal (25 June 1818 in Vienna – 5 July 1884 in Vienna) was an Austrian ophthalmologist who was a native of Vienna. He was a professor at the University of Vienna, and was son to oculist Friedrich Jäger von Jaxtthal (1784-1871), and grandson to Georg Joseph Beer (1763-1821).

Jäger is remembered for his work involving eye operations, and for his research of ophthalmic disorders. He was an early practitioner of the ophthalmoscope, and was among the first to use ophthalmoscopy to determine refractive error in the eye. Also, he is credited with providing the first description of retinal appearances associated with diabetes.

In the 1850s Jäger made improvements to eye chart test types that were earlier developed by Heinrich Küchler (1811-1873). In 1862 Dutch ophthalmologist Hermann Snellen introduced the popular "Snellen chart" for testing visual acuity.

Ophthalmoscopy
Ophthalmoscopy, (from Ancient Greek ὀφθαλμός (ophthalmós), meaning "eye", and σκοπέω (skopéō), meaning "to look") also called funduscopy, is a test that allows a health professional to see inside the fundus of the eye and other structures using an ophthalmoscope (or funduscope). It is done as part of an eye examination and may be done as part of a routine physical examination. It is crucial in determining the health of the retina, optic disc, and vitreous humor.

The pupil is a hole through which the eye's interior can be viewed. For better viewing, the pupil can be opened wider (dilated; mydriasis) before ophthalmoscopy using medicated eye drops (dilated fundus examination). However, undilated examination is more convenient (albeit not as comprehensive), and is the most common type in primary care.

An alternative or complement to ophthalmoscopy is to perform a fundus photography, where the image can be analysed later by a professional.
New Girl season 4
The fourth season of the American television sitcom New Girl premiered on Fox on September 16, 2014, and concluded on May 5, 2015. Season four consisted a total of 22 episodes. Developed by Elizabeth Meriwether under the working title Chicks & Dicks, the series revolves around offbeat teacher Jess (Zooey Deschanel) after her moving into a Los Angeles loft with three men, Nick (Jake Johnson), Schmidt (Max Greenfield), and Winston (Lamorne Morris); Jess' best friend Cece (Hannah Simone) also appears regularly. The show combines comedy and drama elements as the characters, who are in their early thirties, deal with maturing relationships and career choices.

Jake Johnson
Mark Jake Johnson Weinberger (born May 28, 1978) is an American actor. He has starred as Nick Miller in the Fox sitcom New Girl (2011–2018), for which he was nominated for the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actor in a Comedy Series in 2013. He has also voiced a version of Spider-Man in the animated film Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse (2018) and its 2023 sequel.

Johnson has also starred in Let's Be Cops (2014), and appeared in Paper Heart (2009), Safety Not Guaranteed (2012), 21 Jump Street (2012), Jurassic World (2015), The Mummy (2017), and Tag (2018). From 2022 to 2023, he starred in the comedy series Minx. In 2023, he made his directorial debut with Self Reliance.
Colombia at the Olympics
Colombia first formally participated at the Olympic Games in 1932, and has sent athletes to compete in all but one edition of the Summer Olympic Games since then, missing only the 1952 Games.  
Colombian athletes have won a total of 38 Olympic medals (five gold, sixteen silver and seventeen bronze) in eight different sports, with weightlifting and cycling as the most successful ones. Colombia is the third most successful South American country at the Olympic Games, after Brazil and Argentina respectively. The Colombian Olympic Committee was created in 1936 and recognised by the International Olympic Committee in 1948.

Shooter Helmut Bellingrodt won the country's first Olympic medal, a silver at the Munich 1972 Olympics. Weightlifter María Isabel Urrutia became the first Olympic champion representing the country at the Sydney Olympics in 2000. BMX rider Mariana Pajón is the most successful Colombian Olympian, with two golds and one silver.

Mariana Pajón
Mariana Pajón Londoño ODB OLY (born 10 October 1991) is a Colombian cyclist, two-time Olympic gold medalist and BMX World Champion.

She won her first national title at age 5 and her first world title at 9. Overall, she is the winner of 14 world championships, 2 national championships in the United States, 9 Latin American Championships and 10  Pan American championships. She also won the gold medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, on 10 August 2012, as well as in the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio. She is the first Colombian to win two Olympic gold medals. Pajón's achievements in BMX have earned her the nickname "Queen of BMX".

Named Colombian Athlete of the Year in 2011, a BMX circuit built in Medellin was named for her, and was the venue where she won the 2016 BMX World Championships.

She was selected to be the flag-bearer for Colombia at the 2012 Summer Olympics at the Opening Ceremony.
Rafał Romanowski
Rafał Romanowski (born 15 February 1978) is a Polish politician who has served as a Member of the European Parliament since 2023. He was undersecretary of state at the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development from 2015 to 2020 and 2021 to 2022. From 2022 to 2023, he served as secretary of state in the same ministry. Romanowski was a member of the Sejm from 2019 to 2023 and became a Member of the European Parliament of the 9th term in November 2023.

Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (Poland)
The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of the Republic of Poland (Polish: Ministerstwo Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Wsi) was formed in October 1999 from the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Economy of Poland; the ministry can trace its history to 1944.

The Ministry's 1999 incarnation was brought about because development of rural regions was Poland's greatest political, economic, and social challenge that was uncontested by both coalition and opposition politicians.

The ministry is concerned with various aspects of Polish agriculture and improving rural areas.

Since 2025, the minister has been Stefan Krajewski.
Rafaqat Ali Khan
Ustad Rafaqat Ali Khan is a Pakistani singer-songwriter and musician. Trained as a classical singer, he is the son of the classical music singer Nazakat Ali Khan and nephew of Salamat Ali Khan of Sham Chaurasia gharana. He is the cousin of classical music singer Shafqat Ali Khan. With his career spanning over two decades, Rafaqat Ali Khan has established himself as a successful artist releasing a total of eleven albums.

He also was marked as a playback singer for Krrish, Dhokha and Youngistaan earning widespread acclaim for his singing. In 2016, Khan marked his Coke Studio (Pakistan) debut as a featured artist and sang Tu Kuja Man Kuja in Coke Studio Pakistan (season 9), as a part of the team of Sheraz Uppal (pal).

Salamat Ali Khan
Ustad Salamat Ali Khan (12 December 1932 – 11 July 2001) was a Pakistani vocalist and touring artist known for his contribution to the Hindustani classical music.

Widely regarded as one of the greatest classical singers of the Indian subcontinent, he was active in the music industry, particularly in classical music after the partition of the Indian subcontinent; however, he earned his recognition before he migrated to Pakistan. In 1969, he appeared in Edinburgh Festival, earning him international recognition. He visited several countries, including India after partition, where he participated in music concerts and the All India Music Conference in Calcutta. During unstable India–Pakistan relations, he visited India along with his brother Nazakat Ali Khan around 1953, where his music concert was also attended by Jawaharlal Nehru, the first prime minister of India.
Grease Gun Brothers
Grease Gun Brothers is a 1985 Philippine action film directed by Tony Y. Reyes. The film stars Dante Varona, Bembol Roco, Rey Malonzo and Roy Flores as the title roles.

Part of the footage from the movie is featured in the 1991 movie The Fighter, the Winner.

Dante Varona
Dante Varona (born 1953) is a former Filipino actor, stuntman and film director. He is considered one of the more famous action stars of the 1970s and 1980s. One of his famous stunts involved jumping from the San Juanico Bridge in Hari ng Stunt (King of Stunts). This gave him the title of "King of Stunts".
1981 Australian Film Institute Awards
The 23rd Australian Film Institute Awards (generally known as the AFI Awards) were held at the Regent Theatre, in Sydney, New South Wales on 16 September 1981. Presented by the Australian Film Institute (AFI), the awards celebrated the best in Australian feature film, documentary and short film productions of 1981. The ceremony was televised in Australia on ABC for the third year running, with John Bluthal presiding over the event.

Gallipoli won nine of the twelve awards it was nominated for, including Best Film. Other films with multiple nominations were Hoodwink with eight, Winter of Our Dreams, The Club and Fatty Finn with seven,  The Survivor and Roadgames with four, Wrong Side of the Road with three, and Grendel Grendel Grendel with two. Phillip Adams was the recipient of the Raymond Longford Award

Fatty Finn (film)
Fatty Finn is a 1980 Australian film, directed by Maurice Murphy and starring Ben Oxenbould with Rebecca Rigg. It is based on the 1930s cartoon-strip character, Fatty Finn, created by Syd Nicholls and is loosely based on the 1927 silent film, The Kid Stakes.
Sigal Gottlieb
Sigal Gottlieb is an applied mathematician. She is a professor of mathematics and (since 2013) the director of the Center for Scientific Computing and Visualization Research at the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth.

Chi-Wang Shu
Chi-Wang Shu (Chinese: 舒其望, born 1 January 1957) is the Theodore B. Stowell University Professor of Applied Mathematics at Brown University. He is known for his research in the fields of computational fluid dynamics, numerical solutions of conservation laws and Hamilton–Jacobi type equations. Shu has been listed as an ISI Highly Cited Author in Mathematics by the ISI Web of Knowledge.
Ancistrus tombador
Ancistrus tombador is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it is known to occur in small rivers in the state of Mato Grosso in Brazil. The species reaches 6.3 cm (2.5 inches) SL and is distinguished from other members of the genus Ancistrus (except A. reisi and A. jataiensis) by the absence of an adipose fin, which in this species is replaced by a series of unpaired platelets that form a low crest. The specific epithet of this species refers to Serra do Tombador, where the type specimen was collected.

Ancistrus jataiensis
Ancistrus jataiensis is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is a freshwater species native to South America, where it is only known from córrego Jataí, which is a small tributary of the Vermelho River in the Tocantins River basin in Brazil. The species reaches 5.4 cm (2.1 inches) SL.
Thomas Grosvenor (British Army officer)
Field Marshal Thomas Grosvenor (30 May 1764 – 20 January 1851) was a British Army officer. After serving as a junior officer defending the Bank of England during the Gordon Riots he took part in the Flanders Campaign including the retreat into Germany during the French Revolutionary Wars. He served as a brigade commander at the Battle of Copenhagen and was then deployed to Walcheren in the Netherlands where he served as deputy commander of a division led by Sir Eyre Coote during the disastrous Walcheren Campaign.

Walcheren
Walcheren (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈʋɑlxərə(n)] ⓘ) is a region and former island in the Dutch province of Zeeland at the mouth of the Scheldt estuary. It lies between the Eastern Scheldt in the north and the Western Scheldt in the south and is roughly the shape of a rhombus. The two sides facing the North Sea consist of dunes and the rest of its coastline is made up of dykes. Middelburg, the provincial capital, lies at Walcheren's centre. Vlissingen, 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) to the south, is the main harbour and the third municipality is Veere.

Originally, Walcheren was an island, but the Sloedam, constructed in 1871 for a railway, and poldering after World War II have connected it to the (former) island of Zuid-Beveland, which in turn was connected to the North Brabant mainland by the Kreekrakdam (Completed in 1867). The Veerse Gatdam, completed in 1961, has connected Walcheren to Noord-Beveland.
Gulf of Mexico basin
The formation of the Gulf of Mexico, an oceanic rift basin located between North America and the Yucatan Block, was preceded by the breakup of the Supercontinent Pangaea in the Late-Triassic, weakening the lithosphere. Rifting between the North and South American plates continued in the Early-Jurassic, approximately 160 million years ago, and formation of the Gulf of Mexico, including subsidence due to crustal thinning, was complete by 140 Ma. Stratigraphy of the basin, which can be split into several regions, includes sediments deposited from the Jurassic through the Holocene, currently totaling a thickness between 15 and 20 kilometers.

Maya Block
The Maya Block, also known as the Maya Terrane, Yucatan Block, or Yucatan–Chiapas Block, is a physiographic or geomorphic region and tectonic or crustal block in the southernmost portion of the North American Plate.
The Outlets at Montehiedra
The Outlets At Montehiedra, formerly known as the Montehiedra Town Center, is an enclosed shopping mall in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Anchor stores for the mall are a Marshalls MegaStore, Burlington, Old Navy, and a Home Depot as an out parcel. The former Kmart, which served as an anchor to the mall from the very beginning which closed in 2021, has found replacement primarily by a Ralph's Food Warehouse and a TJ Maxx. It was also formerly anchored by a Tiendas Capri which closed in 2024, now being replaced by a Burlington. The mall additionally features a 14-screen Caribbean Cinemas.

Caribbean Cinemas
Caribbean Cinemas  is a chain of movie theaters in Puerto Rico and the Caribbean. It is the only major chain in Puerto Rico following CineVista's bankruptcy. The chain has expanded into Dominican Republic, Panama, St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. Maarten, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, Antigua, Aruba,  Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, Curaçao, Guadeloupe, Guatemala and Bolivia.
The Apu Trilogy
The Apu Trilogy is a celebrated series of three Indian Bengali-language drama films directed by Satyajit Ray: Pather Panchali (1955), Aparajito (1956) and The World of Apu (1959). The trilogy's score was composed by Ravi Shankar.

Adapted from two Bengali novels by Bibhutibhushan Bandopadhyay—Pather Panchali (1929) and Aparajito (1932)—these films are widely regarded as a cornerstone of Indian and world cinema and have been widely acclaimed as masterpieces. Produced on a modest shoestring budget using an amateur cast and crew, the trilogy garnered widespread critical acclaim and won numerous prestigious awards, including three National Film Awards and multiple honours at the Cannes, Berlin and Venice Film Festivals. Notably, Pather Panchali was made with a budget of roughly ₹ 150,000, approximately $45,300 at the time.

Pather Panchali (novel)
Pather Panchali (Pôther Pãchali; transl. Song of the Little Road) is a 1929 novel written by Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay and was later adapted into a 1955 film of the same name by Satyajit Ray. Considered to be one of the greatest literary works describing rural life, Pather Panchali deals with the life of the Roy family, both in their ancestral village in rural Bengal and later when they move to Varanasi in search of a better life, as well as the anguish and loss they face during their travels.
Film studies
Film studies is an academic discipline that deals with various theoretical, historical, and critical approaches to cinema as an art form and a medium. It is sometimes subsumed within media studies and is often compared to television studies.

Film studies is less concerned with advancing proficiency in film production than it is with exploring the narrative, artistic, cultural, economic, and political implications of the cinema. In searching for these social-ideological values, film studies takes a series of critical approaches for the analysis of production, theoretical framework, context, and creation. Also, in studying film, possible careers include critic or production. Overall the study of film continues to grow, as does the industry on which it focuses.

Academic journals publishing film studies work include Sight and Sound, Film Comment, Film International, CineAction, Screen, Journal of Cinema and Media Studies, Film Quarterly, and Journal of Film and Video.

Journal of Film and Video
The Journal of Film and Video is the official academic journal of the University Film and Video Association. It features articles on film and video production, history, theory, criticism, and aesthetics. The journal is published by the University of Illinois Press for the association and the current editor is Cynthia Baron, Bowling Green State University.
Ieuan Rhys
Ieuan Rhys (born 24 December 1961) is a Welsh actor. His television work has included thirteen years in the BBC Cymru soap opera Pobol y Cwm, Sergeant Tom Swann in the last series of A Mind to Kill (for Fiction Factory/Channel 5) and six series of the Welsh-language version of Mr and Mrs – Sion a Sian for HTV. For the last four series he portrayed Eurig Bell, the "not to be messed with" deputy headmaster in S4C's Gwaith/Cartref.

ITV Wales & West
ITV Wales and West, previously known as Harlech Television (HTV), was an ITV franchisee in the United Kingdom until 31 December 2013, licensed to broadcast by the regulator Ofcom.

There is no channel, past or present, named "ITV Wales and West". The licence relates to a "dual region", meaning that the franchise area was divided into two sub-regions, Wales and the West of England, each of which had to be served by distinct and separate ITV programme services, as more fully defined within the licence.

From January 2014, the dual-region licence was split in two, with ITV Cymru Wales for Wales and ITV West Country covering both the West of England sub-region and South West England. Both licences remain held by ITV plc through its subsidiary ITV Broadcasting Ltd, and the legal names of the former HTV companies have not yet been changed again, although the former holding company was however dissolved on 7 February 2023.
Henrique Martins
Henrique de Souza Martins (born 14 November 1991 in Campinas) is a Brazilian competitive swimmer and male pageant titleholder who won Mister Brazil 2023. He represented Brazil at the Mister Supranational 2023 competition in Małopolska, Poland and finished first runner-up.

Mister Supranational 2023
Mister Supranational 2023 the seventh edition of the Mister Supranational pageant which was held on 15 July 2023 at Strzelecki Park Amphitheater in Nowy Sącz, Poland. Luis Daniel Gálvez of Cuba crowned Iván Álvarez Guedes of Spain as his successor at the end of the event. This was the first time that Spain had won this pageant, and the first European country to do so.
David Jones (golfer)
David Jones (born 22 June 1947) is a former European Tour golfer from Bangor, Northern Ireland. His best season was 1981, when he won the Irish PGA Championship and was joint third in the Carroll's Irish Open. He also won the 1989 Kenya Open and later played on the European Seniors Tour, winning the 1999 Jersey Seniors Open.

Irish PGA Championship
The Irish PGA Championship, formerly the Irish Professional Championship and colloquially known as the Irish Professional Close or National Championship, is a golf tournament that is played annually in Ireland since 1907. It is one of the oldest golf tournaments in the world, the oldest in the country, and has been played at many different golf courses in Ireland.

It is the marquee event on the PGA Tour of Ireland's schedule, having many notable winners in the over 100 years of play. Christy O'Connor Snr and Harry Bradshaw have the most wins in the event with 10. The event was played in match-play format from its inauguration in 1907 until it became a stroke play event in 1910.

The 2025 event will be staged at Monkstown Golf Club on 4–7 August.
2005 East Asian Football Championship
The 2005 EAFF East Asian Football Championship was a football competition between teams from East Asian countries and territories held from 31 July to 7 August 2005 in South Korea, with the qualifiers held in Taiwan in March 2005.

China PR, South Korea, and Japan were the automatic finalists. The fourth finalist spot was competed among North Korea, Guam, Hong Kong, Chinese Taipei, and Mongolia. North Korea was the winner in the qualifiers.

Mongolia national football team
The Mongolia national football team represents Mongolia in international football and is controlled by the Mongolian Football Federation.

Founded in 1959, the association was inactive between 1960 and 1998 when the team did not feature in any international fixtures. The Mongolian Football Federation is a member of the Asian Football Confederation and the East Asian Football Federation. The team has never participated in the FIFA World Cup, and the only major international tournaments the team has taken part in are the 1998 Asian Games and 2016 AFC Solidarity Cup, not progressing past the group stage in either competition.
Pori Stadium
Pori Stadium (Finnish: Porin stadion) is a multi-purpose stadium in Pori, Finland. It is currently used primarily for football and stadium is the home of FC Jazz. It is also the former home ground of FC PoPa and Musan Salama.

Pori Stadium is located at Isomäki sports center some two kilometres south of the city. Stadium is sometimes nicknamed as the Stadium of Eternal Wind due to windy conditions that are common on the stadium and its surroundings. By the main entrance is a javelin thrower statue by Finnish sculptor Kalervo Kallio which is inspired by Matti Järvinen's gold medal throw at the 1932 Summer Olympics.

Musan Salama
Musan Salama (lit. 'The Lightning Bolt of Musa'), commonly abbreviated MuSa, is a football club based in Pori, Finland, playing in the Finnish fifth tier Kolmonen as of the 2024 season. It was founded in 1960 in the Musa suburb of Pori as a football and ice hockey club. The ice hockey section was continued by the Porin Kiekko-Salamat after 1972.

MuSa is a member of the Finnish Workers' Sports Federation. The club is nicknamed Valkoiset Tiikerit (White Tigers in English).
Emmie Allen
Emmie Allen (born October 25, 2002) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a goalkeeper for Bay FC of the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL). She played two seasons of college soccer for the North Carolina Tar Heels.

North Carolina Tar Heels women's soccer
The North Carolina Tar Heels women's soccer team represent the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in the Atlantic Coast Conference of NCAA Division I soccer.

North Carolina is one of the most successful women's college soccer teams, having won 22 of the 36 Atlantic Coast Conference championships, and 23 of the 43 NCAA national championships. The team has participated in every NCAA tournament.
Jacob Castro (soccer)
Jacob Alex Castro (born December 18, 1999) is an American soccer player who plays as a goalkeeper. He joined the club's academy in 2017 and played for their reserve team Seattle Sounders FC 2 the following year. Castro played college soccer with the Washington Huskies and the San Diego State Aztecs from 2019 to 2022. He signed a contract with Seattle Sounders FC in December 2022.

Washington Huskies men's soccer
The Washington Huskies men's soccer team is an intercollegiate varsity sports team of the University of Washington. The team is a member of the Big Ten Conference of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA).

The team was formed in 1962, winning in their NCAA debut v the University of Victoria, 2–0. Washington finished the season with a 2–1 record.

Washington won their first NCAA national title in 2025 after defeating NC State 3–2 with a golden goal by Harrison Bertos.