hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dand Aw Patan District
Dand Aw Patan District (Pashto: ډنډ او پټان ولسوالۍ ḍanḍ aw paṭān wuləswāləi; Persian: ولسوالی دند و پتان) is located in the northeastern section of Paktia Province in Afghanistan. It has a population of around 30,551 local residents. The district is within the heartland of the Zazi tribe of Pashtuns.

Dand Aw Patan, which translates to Dand and Patan, is connected by road to Khost in the south and Gardez in the west. The district lies next to the Durand Line (Afghanistan-Pakistan border). To its north is Zazi District, to the east is Kurram District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan, to the south is Janikhel District and to the west Tsamkani District. The border town known as Dand Aw Patan has an official border crossing with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan.

Janikhel District, Paktia
Janikhel (Pashto: جاني‌خېل ولسوالۍ, Persian: ولسوالی جانی‌خیل) is a district in Paktia Province, Afghanistan. It is on the border with Khost Province, and is mostly inhabited by the Mangal tribes of Pashtuns.
Osmund Lewry
Patrick Osmund Lewry (1929 – 1987) was an English Dominican who made significant contributions to the history of logic and the philosophy of language in the thirteenth century.  Lewry studied mathematical logic under Lejewski and A.N. Prior at Manchester (1961–2). From 1962–7 he taught the philosophy of language and logic at Hawkesyard.  He was assigned to the Oxford Blackfriars in 1967.  Dissatisfaction with teaching led him to work for an Oxford D.Phil. on the logic teaching of Robert Kilwardby.  In 1979 he began the study of the history of grammar, logic and rhetoric at Oxford in the period 1220–1320.  In 1979 he went to the Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies in Toronto first as a research associate, then as a senior fellow. He died on 23 April 1987 at the age of 57 at the Oxford Dominican House.

Robert Kilwardby
Robert Kilwardby (c. 1215 – 11 September 1279) was an Archbishop of Canterbury in England and a cardinal. Kilwardby was the first member of a mendicant order to attain a high ecclesiastical office in the English Church.
Iorwerth Drwyndwn
Iorwerth Drwyndwn ab Owain (Welsh pronunciation: [ˈjɔrwɛrθ ˈdruːɨ̯ndʊn ab ˈoʊain], d. c. 1174) was a Welsh nobleman of the 12th century. He was the son of Owain Gwynedd, king of Gwynedd, and his wife Gwladus ferch Llywarch, a noblewoman of Arwystli who was granddaughter of Trahaearn ap Caradog, once ruler of Gwynedd. This was his father's only legitimate marriage in the eyes of the Church. Little is known of Iorwerth's life or even the origin of Gerald of Wales' nickname for him, trwyndwn 'broken-nose',  but he is remembered as the father of Llywelyn ab Iorwerth, prince of Gwynedd. Iorwerth probably held some land in the upper Conwy river valley after the death of his father in 1170, but he is not recorded in any source as having participated in the civil war which gripped Gwynedd from his father's death onwards. He probably died in about 1174, and his son was thereafter raised in Powys.

Humphrey Llwyd
Humphrey Llwyd (also spelled Lhuyd) (1527–1568) was a Welsh cartographer, author, antiquary and Member of Parliament. He was a leading member of the Renaissance period in Wales along with other such men as William Salesbury and William Morgan. His library, together with those of his patron, the Earl of Arundel and his brother-in-law, Lord Lumley, formed the basis of the Royal Collection of books; currently housed at the British Library. His motto was Hwy pery klod na golyd ("Fame lasts longer than wealth").
2012 Atlantic 10 men's soccer tournament
The 2012 Atlantic 10 Men's Soccer Tournament was the seventeenth edition of the tournament. The tournament decided the Atlantic 10 Conference champion for the 2012 season and guaranteed representative into the 2012 NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Championship. The tournament will be held from November 8–11.

Atlantic 10 men's soccer tournament
The Atlantic 10 Conference men's soccer tournament is the conference championship tournament in men's soccer for the Atlantic 10 Conference (A-10). The tournament has been held every year since 1987. It is a single-elimination tournament, and seeding is based on regular season records. The winner, declared conference champion, receives the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA men's soccer tournament.

Rhode Island is the most winning team of the tournament, with 8 conference titles.
Vernon Kilns
Vernon Kilns was an American ceramic company in Vernon, California, US. In July 1931, Faye G. Bennison purchased the former Poxon China pottery renaming the company Vernon Kilns.  Poxon China was located at 2300 East 52nd Street.   Vernon produced ceramic tableware, art ware, giftware, and figurines.  The company closed its doors in 1958.

Vernon Kilns was one of the "Big Five" California potteries.  The other "Big Five" potteries were Metlox Manufacturing Company, Pacific Clay Products, Gladding, McBean & Co., and J.A. Bauer Pottery.

Gladding, McBean
Gladding, McBean is an American ceramics company located in Lincoln, California. It is one of the oldest companies in California, a pioneer in ceramics technology, and a company which has "contributed immeasurably" to the state's industrialization. During the heyday of architectural terra cotta, the company "dominated the industry in California and the Far West."
Glen Walker
Glen Joe Walker (born January 16, 1952) is an American former professional football player who was a punter for two seasons with the Los Angeles Rams of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Los Angeles Harbor College before transferring to the USC Trojans. He also played for the Los Angeles Express of the United States Football League (USFL).

Punter (gridiron football)
A punter in gridiron football is a special teams player who receives the snapped ball directly from the line of scrimmage and then punts (kicks) the football to the opposing team so as to limit any field position advantage. This generally happens on a fourth down in American football and a third down in Canadian football. Punters may also occasionally take part in fake punts in those same situations, when they throw or run the football to get a first down instead of punting.
Weldon Ashe
Weldon Ashe (1826-1874) was an Anglican priest in Ireland during the 19th-century.

Ashe was  educated at Trinity College, Dublin. He was the incumbent at Ballina, County Mayo; and Archdeacon of Killala from 1871 until his death.

Archdeacon of Killala
The Archdeacon of Killala was a senior ecclesiastical officer within the Diocese of Killala until 1622;Killala and Achonry from 1622 until 1834; and of Tuam, Killala and Achonry from 1834, although it has now been combined to include the area formerly served by the Archdeacon of Achonry As such he was responsible for the disciplinary supervision of the clergy within his portion of the diocese. within the diocese. The archdeaconry can trace its history back to Isaac O'Maolfoghmhair, who died in 1235. to the last discrete incumbent William Colvin.
SK Vladislav
Sporten klub Vladislav (Bulgarian: Спортен клуб „Владислав“) was a sports club from Varna, Bulgaria. During its history, Vladislav won the Bulgarian Football Championship three times. Vladislav's first title came at the inaugural championship in 1925 and its last was in 1934. Its official descendant by documents and history is Cherno More Varna.

Stoyan Ormandzhiev
Stoyan Ormandzhiev (Bulgarian: Стоян Орманджиев; 10 January 1920 – 10 October 2006) was a Bulgarian footballer and manager, who managed two European clubs and the Bulgaria national team during his career.
2000–01 Scottish Challenge Cup
The 2000–01 Scottish Challenge Cup was the tenth season of the competition, which was also known as the Bell's Challenge Cup for sponsorship reasons. It was competed for by the 30 member clubs of the Scottish Football League. The defending champions were Alloa Athletic, who defeated Inverness Caledonian Thistle 5–4 on penalties in the 1999 final.

The final was played on 19 November 2000, between Airdrieonians and Livingston at Broadwood Stadium in Cumbernauld. Airdrieonians won 3–2 on penalties after a 2–2 draw after extra time, to win the tournament for the second time after winning it in 1994.

2000 Scottish Challenge Cup final
The 2000 Scottish Challenge Cup final was played on 19 November 2000, at Broadwood Stadium in Cumbernauld and was the 10th staging of the final in the history of the tournament. It was played between Airdrieonians and Livingston both of the First Division. Airdrieonians emerged winners after defeating Livingston 3–2 on penalties following a 2–2 draw after extra time.
1503 in Italy
An incomplete list of events which happened in Italy in 1503:

Battle of Ruvo

The Battle of Ruvo was fought on 23 February 1503 between a Spanish army under Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba and Diego de Mendoza and a French army commanded by Jacques de la Palice. The battle was part of the Second Italian War and was fought at the town of Ruvo in the Province of Bari, modern-day Italy. The result was a Spanish victory.

Battle of Cerignola

Battle of Garigliano (1503)

Challenge of Barletta

The Challenge of Barletta (Italian: Disfida di Barletta) was a battle fought near Barletta, southern Italy, on February 13, 1503, on the plains between Corato and Andria.

Battle of Garigliano (1503)
The Battle of Garigliano was fought on 29 December 1503 between a Spanish army under Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba and a French army commanded by Ludovico II, Marquis of Saluzzo, resulting in a Spanish victory.
2011 Champs Sports Bowl
The 2011 Champs Sports Bowl, the 22nd edition of the game, was a post-season American college football bowl game, held on December 29, 2011, at the Citrus Bowl in Orlando, Florida as part of the 2011–12 NCAA bowl season.

The game, which was telecast at 5:30 p.m. ET on ESPN and ESPN 3D, featured a team from the Atlantic Coast Conference versus a team from the Big East Conference.

Invitations were accepted by Florida State and Notre Dame to play in the contest on December 4. It was FSU's second Champs Bowl, and Notre Dame's first. Notre Dame was invited through an option in the Big East tie-in. The game sold out on December 7, marking the Champs Sports Bowl's first ever sellout.

2011–12 NCAA football bowl games
The 2011–12 NCAA football bowl games were a series of college football bowl games.  They concluded the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season, and included 35 team-competitive games and five all-star games.  The games began on December 17, 2011, and, aside from the all-star games, concluded with the 2012 BCS National Championship Game in New Orleans, that was played on January 9, 2012.

The total of 35 team-competitive bowls was unchanged from the previous year. While bowl games had been the purview of only the very best teams for nearly a century, this was the sixth consecutive year that teams with non-winning seasons participated in bowl games. To fill the 70 available team-competitive bowl slots, a total of 14 teams (20% of all participants) with non-winning seasons participated in bowl games—13 had a .500 (6-6) season and, for the first time ever, a team with a sub-.500 (6-7) season was invited to a bowl game.
Balep
Balep (Standard Tibetan: བག་ལེབ།) is a Tibetan quickbread. There are also other types of Tibetan cuisine "balep" breads and fried pies including:

Amdo balep, a rounded bread from the Amdo region.

Sha balep (ཤ་བག་ལེབ), fried beef pies

Numtrak balep, deep fried bread

Balep korkun, a pan-cooked bread

Shamey balep, fried pies

Balep korkun
Balep korkun or Yosang balep is a type of bread that is consumed mainly in central Tibet. It is round, flat and relatively easy to make. The ingredients are tsampa (barley flour), water and baking powder. It is cooked in a frying pan. It has been described as similar in appearance to naan.
2026 Finalissima
The 2026 Finalissima (lit. 'Grand Final'; Spanish: Finalísima) will be the fourth edition of the intercontinental football match between the winners of the previous South American and European championships, and the second edition rebranded as Finalissima. The match will feature Spain, winners of UEFA Euro 2024, and Argentina, winners of the 2024 Copa América. It will be played on 27 March 2026, at the Lusail Stadium in Lusail, Qatar.

Argentina are the defending champions.

Finalissima
The Finalissima, formerly known as European/South American Nations Cup and also called Artemio Franchi Cup, is an intercontinental football match organised by CONMEBOL and UEFA and contested by the winners of the Copa América and Euros. Organised as an occasional one-off match, it is a national team equivalent to the defunct Intercontinental Cup between the club champions of Europe and South America. The competition was held twice, in 1985 and 1993, before being discontinued. It was relaunched in 2022, after the signing of a memorandum of understanding between CONMEBOL and UEFA.
Brentino Belluno
Brentino Belluno is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Verona in the Italian region Veneto, located about 110 kilometres (68 mi) west of Venice and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of Verona.

The municipality of Brentino Belluno contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Belluno Veronese, Rivalta, Brentino, and Preabocco.

Brentino Belluno borders the following municipalities: Avio, Caprino Veronese, Dolcè, Ferrara di Monte Baldo, and Rivoli Veronese.

Dolcè
Dolcè is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Verona in the Italian region Veneto, located about 120 kilometres (75 mi) west of Venice and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northwest of Verona, in the Adige Valley.
Søby
Søby is a Danish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Egil Søby (born 1945), Norwegian sprint canoeist

Frode Søby (born 1935), Danish chess master

Nina Søby (born 1956), Norwegian former professional racing cyclist

Søs Søby (born 1991), Danish handballer

Tove Søby (born 1933), Danish sprint canoer

Scandinavian family name etymology
Heritable family names were generally adopted rather late within Scandinavia. Nobility were the first to take names that would be passed on from one generation to the next. Later, clergy, artisans and merchants in cities took heritable names. Family names (surnames) were still used together with primary patronyms (father's name plus an affix denoting relationship), which were used by all social classes. This meant that most families until modern times did not have surnames. Scandinavian patronyms were generally derived from the father's given name with the addition of a suffix meaning 'son' or 'daughter' or by occupation like Møller - ( Miller ) naming tradition remained commonly used throughout the Scandinavian countries during the time of surname formation.
Forms of the patronymic suffixes include: -son, -sen, -fen, -søn, -ler, -zen, -zon/zoon, and -sson,'datter'.
Chemical cycling
Chemical cycling describes systems of repeated circulation of chemicals between other compounds, states and materials, and back to their original state, that occurs in space, and on many objects in space including the Earth. Active chemical cycling is known to occur in stars, many planets and natural satellites.

Chemical cycling plays a large role in sustaining planetary atmospheres, liquids and biological processes and can greatly influence weather and climate. Some chemical cycles release renewable energy, others may give rise to complex chemical reactions, organic compounds and prebiotic chemistry. On terrestrial bodies such as the Earth, chemical cycles involving the lithosphere are known as geochemical cycles. Ongoing geochemical cycles are one of the main attributes of geologically active worlds. A chemical cycle involving a biosphere is known as a biogeochemical cycle.

Geochemical cycle
In Earth science, a geochemical cycle is the pathway that chemical elements undergo to be able to interact with the reservoirs of chemicals in the surface and crust of the Earth. The term "geochemical" tells us that geological and chemical factors are all included. The migration of heated and compressed chemical elements and compounds such as silicon, aluminium, and general alkali metals through the means of subduction and volcanism is known in the geological world as geochemical cycles.

The geochemical cycle encompasses the natural separation and concentration of elements and heat-assisted recombination processes. Changes may not be apparent over a short term, such as with biogeochemical cycles, but over a long term changes of great magnitude occur, including the evolution of continents and oceans.
Newfoundland and Labrador Alliance
The Newfoundland and Labrador Alliance (NL Alliance) was a political party in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. The party was created by former PC Party president Graydon Pelley in November 2018, following a split over the direction of the party. It was registered with Elections Newfoundland and Labrador in April 2019. In the 2019 and 2021 provincial elections the party failed to win any seats in the legislature. Pelley resigned from the party in 2023. The party was de-registered on March 30, 2023.

Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly
The Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly (French: Chambre d'assemblée de Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador) is the unicameral deliberative assembly of the General Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It meets in the Confederation Building in St. John's. Bills passed by the assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor of Newfoundland and Labrador, in the name of the Sovereign.

The governing party sits on the left side of the speaker of the House of Assembly as opposed to the traditional right side of the speaker. This tradition dates back to the 1850s as the heaters in the Colonial Building were located on the left side. Thus, the government chose to sit near the heat, and leave the opposition sitting in the cold.
EMadlangeni Local Municipality elections
The eMadlangeni Local Municipality (previously known as Utrecht Local Municipality) council consists of eleven members elected by mixed-member proportional representation. Six councillors are elected by first-past-the-post voting in six wards, while the remaining five are chosen from party lists so that the total number of party representatives is proportional to the number of votes received.

In the election of 3 August 2016 the African National Congress (ANC) won a majority of six seats on the council. In the election of 1 November 2021 the ANC lost its majority, with both the ANC and Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) winning four seats on the council.

EMadlangeni Local Municipality
eMadlangeni Municipality (Zulu: UMasipala wase Madlangeni), previously known as Utrecht Municipality, is a local municipality within the Amajuba District Municipality, in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa.
2018 World Para Athletics European Championships – Men's javelin throw
The men's javelin throw at the 2018 World Para Athletics European Championships was held at the Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Sportpark in Berlin from 20 to 26 August. Nine classification finals are held in all over this event.

2018 World Para Athletics European Championships
The 2018 World Para Athletics European Championships was a track and field competition for athletes with a disability open to International Paralympic Committee (IPC) affiliated countries within Europe, plus Azerbaijan and Israel. It was held in Berlin, Germany and took place between 20 and 26 August 2018 at the Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Sportpark. 596 athletes from 35 countries competed during the championships.

Formerly the IPC Athletics European Championships, this was the first edition of the championships since IPC undertook a rebrand of all sports for which they are the governing body, including the 'World Para' title for the committees running each sport. IPC Athletics was rebranded World Para Athletics in 2016; its first World Para Athletics Championships were held in 2017, and the European Championships followed suit in 2018.

Russia were unable to compete due to their ongoing suspension from IPC and World Para Athletics. Poland topped the medal table.
Sondre Guttormsen
Sondre Guttormsen (born 1 June 1999) is a Norwegian athlete specialising in the pole vault. He is a European Indoor Championships gold and bronze medallist. Guttormsen won the gold medal at the 2023 European Indoor Championships and the bronze medal at the 2025 European Indoor Championships. He is also a European U23 Championships and European U18 Championships bronze medallist, three-time NCAA champion and four-time Norwegian national champion. Guttormsen is a two-time Olympian and competed at the 2020 and 2024 Summer Olympics. He is also the brother of Olympian Simen Guttormsen.

2023 NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships
The 2023 NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships were the 58th NCAA Division I Men's Indoor Track and Field Championships and the 41st NCAA Division I Women's Indoor Track and Field Championships, held at the Albuquerque Convention Center in Albuquerque, New Mexico, on the indoor track. The field consisted of 17 different men's and women's indoor track and field events with a total of 650 participants contested from March 10 to March 11, 2023.
Sarah Rhodes
Sarah Rhodes (1787 in Leeds – 1862 in Roundhay, Leeds), was an English amateur botanical artist who used watercolours and gouache on vellum to produce unusual plant images.

Rhodes was the second daughter of Matthew Rhodes (1751–1802), a wool merchant from Campfield in Leeds, and Mary Smith who were married on 27 October 1785 in St Peters, Leeds. Mary Smith died on 18 December 1826 in Campfield.

On 1 December 1807 in Leeds, Rhodes married a banker, Stephen Nicholson (1779 Chapel Allerton – 23 February 1858 Roundhay), son of William Nicholson and Grace Whitaker, who inherited Roundhay Park and Chapel Allerton estates on 8 February 1833 after the death of his older half-brother Thomas' widow. Thomas had also been a banker in Leeds and London, and was the son of William Nicholson and his first wife, Hannah Slater. After Rhodes's death in 1862, the property was left to Nicholson's nephew's widow and children. A dispute amongst the heirs led to the estate's being sold to the city.

Chapel Allerton
Chapel Allerton is an inner suburb of north-east Leeds, West Yorkshire, England, 2 miles (3.2 km) from the city centre.

It sits within the Chapel Allerton ward of Leeds City Council and had a population of 18,206 and 23,536 at the 2001 and 2011 census respectively. The area was also listed in the 2018 Sunday Times report on Best Places to Live in northern England.
Mountain railway
A mountain railway is a railway that operates in a mountainous region. It may operate through the mountains by following mountain valleys and tunneling beneath mountain passes, or it may climb a mountain to provide transport to and from the summit.

Mountain railways often use narrow gauge tracks to allow for tight curves in the track and reduce tunnel size and structure gauge, and hence construction cost and effort. Where mountain railways need to climb steep gradients, they may use steep grade railway technology, or even operate as funicular railways.

Los Andes, Chile
Los Andes, founded on July 31, 1791 as Santa Rosa de Los Andes, is a Chilean city and commune located in the province of the same name, in Valparaíso Region ("Fifth Region" of Chile). It lies on the route between Santiago and Chile's primary border crossing with Argentina by way of the summit of the Uspallata Pass in the Andes mountain range.
Guillermo Marino
Guillermo Andrés Marino (born 2 February 1981) is an Argentine football coach and former player who played as a midfielder.

Marino was known for his teamwork and playmaking ability and could play in the center as well as on the wings.

2011 Campeonato Nacional Primera División
The 2011 Primera División del Fútbol Profesional Chileno season (known as the 2011 Campeonato Nacional Petrobras for sponsorship reasons) was the 80th season of top-flight football in Chile. Universidad Católica was the defending champion. Universidad de Chile won both the Apertura and the Clausura Championships