hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Canadian Stage production history
The Canadian Stage Company is based in Toronto, and is Canada's third-largest not-for-profit contemporary theatre company. Founded in 1987 with the merger of CentreStage and Toronto Free Theatre, Canadian Stage is dedicated to programming international contemporary theatre and to developing and producing Canadian works.

As of 2024, the following is a chronological list of the productions which have been staged as part of Canadian Stage since its inception.

Twelfth Night
Twelfth Night, or What You Will is a romantic comedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written around 1601–1602 as a Twelfth Night entertainment for the close of the Christmas season. The play centres on the twins Viola and Sebastian, who are separated in a shipwreck. Viola (disguised as a page named 'Cesario') falls in love with the Duke Orsino, who in turn is in love with Countess Olivia. Upon meeting Viola, Countess Olivia falls in love with her, thinking she is a man.

The play expanded on the musical interludes and riotous disorder expected of the occasion, with plot elements drawn from Barnabe Rich's short story "Of Apollonius and Silla", based on a story by Matteo Bandello. The first documented public performance was on 2 February 1602, at Candlemas, the formal end of the Christmastide–Epiphanytide season in the Christian liturgical year's calendar. The play was not published until its inclusion in the 1623 First Folio.
Hydrometalation
Hydrometalation (hydrometallation) is a type of chemical reaction in organometallic chemistry in which a chemical compound with a hydrogen to metal bond (M-H, metal hydride) adds to compounds with an unsaturated bond like an alkene (RC=CR) forming a new compound with a carbon to metal bond (RHC-CRM). The metal is less electronegative than hydrogen, the reverse reaction is beta-hydride elimination. The reaction is structurally related to carbometalation. When the substrate is an alkyne the reaction product is a vinylorganometallic.

Examples are hydroboration, hydroalumination, hydrosilylation, hydrozirconation, and hydrocupration.

Carbometalation
A carbometallation is any reaction where a carbon-metal bond reacts with a carbon-carbon π-bond to produce a new carbon-carbon σ-bond and a carbon-metal σ-bond. The resulting carbon-metal bond can undergo further carbometallation reactions (oligomerization or polymerization see Ziegler-Natta polymerization) or it can be reacted with a variety of electrophiles including halogenating reagents, carbonyls, oxygen, and inorganic salts to produce different organometallic reagents. Carbometallations can be performed on alkynes and alkenes to form products with high geometric purity or enantioselectivity, respectively. Some metals prefer to give the anti-addition product with high selectivity and some yield the syn-addition product. The outcome of syn and anti- addition products is determined by the mechanism of the carbometallation.
Resoluteness criterion
A voting system is called decisive, resolvable, or resolute if it ensures a low probability of tied elections. There are two different criterion that formalize this.

In Nicolaus Tideman's version of the criterion, adding one extra vote (with no tied ranks) should make the winner unique.

Douglas R. Woodall's version requires that the probability of a tied vote under an impartial culture model gives a tie approaches zero as the number of voters increases toward infinity.

A non-resolvable social choice function is often only considered to be a partial electoral method, sometimes called a voting correspondence or set-valued voting rule. Such methods frequently require tiebreakers that can substantially affect the result. However, non-resolute methods can be used as a first stage to eliminate candidates before ties are broken with some other method. Methods that have been used this way include the Copeland set, the Smith set, and the Landau set.

Smith set
The Smith set, sometimes called the top-cycle generalizes the idea of a Condorcet winner to cases where no such winner exists. It does so by allowing cycles of candidates to be treated jointly, as if they were a single Condorcet winner. Voting systems that always elect a candidate from the Smith set pass the Smith criterion. The Smith set and Smith criterion are both named for mathematician John H. Smith.

The Smith set provides one standard of optimal choice for an election outcome. An alternative, stricter criterion is given by the Landau set.
Birmingham Artists Committee
The Birmingham Artists Committee was an English artist collective that organised exhibitions of painting and sculpture in Birmingham between 1947 and 1952.

The committee was organised by the art critic Robert Melville and artists including Oscar Mellor and Trevor Denning to break the stranglehold of the conservative Royal Birmingham Society of Artists on the exhibition of work by living artists in the city.

Its exhibitions were an important post-war outlet for the Birmingham Surrealists, showing the work of Conroy Maddox, John Melville, Emmy Bridgwater and the young Desmond Morris. Other notable artists represented included CoBrA member William Gear and the sculptor Gordon Herickx.

Although there was no organisational link, The Birmingham Artists Committee was acknowledged as a catalyst by the artists who founded the Ikon Gallery in 1964.

Ikon Gallery
The Ikon Gallery (grid reference SP060866) is an English gallery of contemporary art, located in Brindleyplace, Birmingham. It is housed in the Grade II listed, neo-Gothic former Oozells Street Board School, designed by John Henry Chamberlain in 1877.

Ikon was set up to encourage the public to engage in contemporary art. As a result, the gallery delivers an off-site Education and Interpretation scheme to educate audiences, and to promote artists and their work. The gallery is open every day of the week except Mondays, though it opens on bank holiday Mondays.

Featured artworks include all forms of media including sound, sculpture and photography as well as paintings. Exhibitions rotate throughout the year so that as many pieces can be displayed as possible. Ikon is a registered charity which is partly funded by Birmingham City Council and Arts Council of England.
KRSP-FM
KRSP-FM (103.5 MHz, "103.5 The Arrow") is a radio station in Salt Lake City, Utah. It is owned by Bonneville International, a subsidiary of Deseret Management Corporation, the for-profit arm of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.   KRSP-FM maintains studio facilities located at the KSL Broadcast House building in Salt Lake City's Triad Center (which also houses KSFI and the KSL (radio)-TV partners), and its transmitter is located on Farnsworth Peak in the Oquirrh Mountains, southwest of Salt Lake City.

The Arrow is home to "Smith and Sam" in the morning featuring former X96 personality Jon Smith and Sam Blake. It plays classic rock music from the 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s and features blocks of artists during the weekends.

KRSP-HD2, the station's digital second channel, plays "Deep Tracks", lesser-known songs from well-known artists.

Farnsworth Peak
Farnsworth Peak is a peak located on the northern end of the Oquirrh Mountain range, approximately 3.5 miles (6 km) south east of Lake Point, Utah and 18 miles (29 km) south west of Salt Lake City, Utah, United States. The mountain is named for Philo Farnsworth, the inventor of the first completely electronic television. It is used mainly for radio and television transmission, but could potentially become part of a ski resort owned by nearby Kennecott Land. On the eastern side of the mountain, the land is completely private, and access is restricted. The peak can be reached by hiking from the Tooele side, which is mostly public land. The Bureau of Land Management land extends from Ridge Peak west to the base of the mountain. Public access to this land is available off SR-36 near Lake Point, Utah. Several cattle gates need to be opened and closed, but are access roads to hiking, mountain biking, and horseback riding areas.
Abdul Madzhid (Dagestan rebel)
Ilgar Mollachiev (1974 – 7 September 2008), better known as Emir Abdul Madzhid (Majid), was the militant leader of the Shariat Jamaat of the Caucasian Front in the Second Chechen War, in the volatile southern Russian republic of Dagestan. He was the deputy of Rappani Khalilov until Khalilov's death in September 2007. He was then appointed the new leader of the Shariat Jamaat by the orders of Dokka Umarov. His nationality was Tsakhur.

Caucasian Front (militant group)
The Caucasian Front (Russian: Кавказский фронт), also known as Caucasus Front or the Caucasian Mujahideen,  established in May 2005 as an Islamic structural unit of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria's armed forces by the decree of the fourth president of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, Abdul-Halim Sadulayev. In September 2006, Ali Taziev was appointed as the emir and commander-in-chief of the Caucasian Front by Dokka Umarov. The group eventually reorganized as "Vilayat Nokhchicho" in 2007 and became a part of the Caucasus Emirate.
Lågendalen
Lågendalen (English: Lågen Valley) is a valley located in eastern Norway.

Lågendalen forms the lower part of the valley through which the river Numedalslågen flows. The valley lies between the town of Kongsberg in Kongsberg Municipality in Buskerud county and the town of Larvik in Larvik Municipality in Vestfold county. North of Kongsberg, the valley is known as Numedal.

The Lågendalen valley is relatively flat, characterized by farmland and wooded hills in both Kongsberg and Larvik municipalities. It includes the villages of Svarstad, Kvelde, Steinsholt, and Skollenberg. Lågendalen is most commonly known for potato cultivation and salmon fishing. Lågendalen is also the location of several Medieval era stone churches: Hedrum Church, Hem Church, Efteløt Church, and Hedenstad Church.

Numedal
Numedal (Norwegian: [ˈnʉ̀ːmədɑːɫ]) is a valley and a traditional district in Eastern Norway located within the county of Buskerud. It traditionally includes the municipalities Flesberg, Nore og Uvdal and Rollag. Administratively, it now also includes Kongsberg.
Spenta Armaiti
In Zoroastrianism, Spenta Armaiti (Avestan: 𐬯𐬞𐬆𐬧𐬙𐬀⸱ 𐬁𐬭𐬨𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌, romanized: spəṇta ārmaiti, "Holy Devotion") is one of the Amesha Spentas, the seven divine manifestations of Wisdom and is considered the daughter of Ahura Mazda. While older sources present the Amesha Spentas more as abstract entities, in later sources Spenta Armaiti is personified as a female divinity with connotations of harmony and devotion.

Amesha Spenta
In Zoroastrianism, the Amesha Spenta (Avestan: 𐬀𐬨𐬆𐬱𐬀⸱ 𐬯𐬞𐬆𐬧𐬙𐬀, romanized: Aməša Spəṇta—literally "Immortal (which is) holy/bounteous/furthering") are a class of seven divine entities emanating from Ahura Mazda, the highest divinity of the religion. Later Middle Persian variations of the term include the contraction 'Ameshaspand' as well as the specifically Zoroastrian 'Mahraspand' and 'Amahraspand'.
NN postcode area
The NN postcode area, also known as the Northampton postcode area, is a group of nineteen postcode districts in England, within eight post towns. These cover most of Northamptonshire (including Northampton, Kettering, Wellingborough, Corby, Brackley, Daventry, Rushden and Towcester), plus very small parts of Bedfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Leicestershire, Oxfordshire and Warwickshire.

Corby
Corby is a town and civil parish in North Northamptonshire, England, 23 miles (37 km) northeast of Northampton. In 2021 it had a population of 68,164. From 1974 to 2021, it was the administrative headquarters of the Borough of Corby; at the 2021 Census, the former borough had a population of 75,571.

Corby was once known as "Little Scotland" due to the large number of Scottish workers who came to work in its steelworks. Corby has undergone regeneration with the opening of Corby railway station and Corby International Pool in 2009 and the Corby Cube in 2010. The Cube houses a 450-seat theatre, public library and other community amenities.
Oakland Beach, Rhode Island
Oakland Beach is a neighborhood and beach located in the South Central area of Warwick, Rhode Island, on Greenwich Bay, a tributary of Narragansett Bay. In the late 1800s until about 1895 Oakland Beach was the location of Camp Wetmore, the site of a six day annual training encampment of the Rhode Island Militia.

The New England Hurricane of 1938 destroyed much of Oakland Beach. The area never quite recovered, and Hurricane Carol in 1954 added to the area's destruction.

Narragansett Bay
Narragansett Bay is a bay and estuary on the north side of Rhode Island Sound covering 147 square miles (380 km2), 120.5 square miles (312 km2) of which is in Rhode Island. The bay forms New England's largest estuary, which functions as an expansive natural harbor and includes a small archipelago. Small parts of the bay extend into Massachusetts.

There are more than 30 islands in the bay; the three largest ones are Aquidneck Island, Conanicut Island, and Prudence Island. Bodies of water that are part of Narragansett Bay include the Sakonnet River, Mount Hope Bay, and the southern, tidal part of the Taunton River. The bay opens on Rhode Island Sound and the Atlantic Ocean; Block Island lies less than 20 miles (32 km) southwest of its opening.
Samtak
Samtak is a national trade union centre for the Faroe Islands.

The federation was established in 2006 by Sonja Jógvansdóttir, who remains its co-ordinator.  The federation has four affiliates, with a total of about 5,600 members, and it is affiliated to the Council of Nordic Trade Unions.

The affiliates of Samtak are:

Faroe Islands Workers' Association

Faroe Islands Fishers' Association

Klaksvik Workers' Association

Klaksvik Working Women's Association

The Torshavn Workers' Association was formerly affiliated to the federation.

Council of Nordic Trade Unions
The Council of Nordic Trade Unions (NFS) is a regional trade union federation. It represents 9 million members from 16 national trade unions in the Nordic countries of Europe. It was founded in 1972, and has close ties with the Baltic Sea Trade Union Network (BASTUN). The main task of NFS is to co-ordinate trade union activities in the Nordic countries, particularly with regard to employment, economic policy and different social issues. General Secretary, since 2014, is Magnus Gissler.
Macarius of Unzha
Macarius of the Yellow Water Lake and the Unzha, the Miracle Worker (Russian: Преподобный Макарий Унженский Желтоводский Чудотворец, romanized: Prepodobny Makariy Unzhenskiy Zheltovodskiy Chudotvorets; 1349–1444) was a Russian Orthodox monk and saint. He is credited with the founding of four monasteries in the Middle and Upper Volga regions of Russia.

Kostroma Oblast
Kostroma Oblast (Russian: Костромска́я о́бласть, romanized: Kostromskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Kostroma and its population as of the 2021 Census is 580,976. It was formed on August 13, 1944 on the territory detached from neighboring Yaroslavl Oblast.

Textile industries have been developed there since the early 18th century. Its major historic towns include Kostroma, Sharya, Nerekhta, Galich, Soligalich, and Makaryev.
First Congregational Parish Historic District
The First Congregational Parish Historic District encompasses the oldest church building in Truro, Massachusetts and adjacent historic resources.  The congregation was established in 1711, and is now occupying its third church, a Federal/Greek Revival building erected in 1827.  The tower houses a bell cast by Paul Revere.  Adjacent to the church and part of its setting is the Congregational Cemetery, whose earliest recorded burial is in 1810, and has been associated with the church since its construction.  The cemetery contains a memorial erected in 1841, commemorating the loss of 57 Truro residents and seven ships in a gale on October 3. 1841.

The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.

Truro, Massachusetts
Truro (/ˈtrɜːroʊ/) is a town on Cape Cod in Massachusetts, comprising two villages: Truro and North Truro.  Located slightly more than 100 miles (160 km) by road from Boston, it is a summer vacation community just south of the northern tip of Cape Cod, in an area known as the "Outer Cape". English colonists named it after Truro in Cornwall, United Kingdom.

The historic Wampanoag Native American people called the area Pamet or Payomet.  Their language was part of the large Algonquian family.  This name was adopted for the Pamet River and the harbor area around the town center known as the Pamet Roads.  The population of Truro was 2,454 at the 2020 census.

Over half of the land area of the town is part of the Cape Cod National Seashore, established in 1961 by President John F. Kennedy, and administered by the U.S. National Park Service.
Constitution of Fiji
The Constitution of Fiji is the supreme law of Fiji.  There have been four Constitutions since the first was adopted in 1970.  The first constitution, adopted in 1970 upon independence, was abrogated following two military coups in 1987. A second constitution, the Constitution of the Sovereign Democratic Republic of Fiji, was adopted in 1990.  Its discriminatory provisions, which reserved the office of Prime Minister and a built-in majority in the House of Representatives for indigenous Fijians (although they were at that time a minority of the population) proved very unpopular with the Indo-Fijian community, which comprised almost half the country's population, and in the mid 1990s the government agreed that it should be rewritten.  The third constitution, The Constitution of the Republic of the Fiji Islands dates from 1997.  The current constitution was implemented in 2013.

Parliament of Fiji
18°08′45″S 178°25′28″E﻿ / ﻿18.145858°S 178.424413°E﻿ / -18.145858; 178.424413

The Parliament of the Republic of Fiji is the unicameral legislature of the Republic of Fiji. It consists of 55 members elected every 4 years using open list proportional representation in one multi-member nationwide constituency.
1991 Midwestern Collegiate Conference men's basketball tournament
The 1991 Midwestern Collegiate Conference men's basketball tournament (now known as the Horizon League men's basketball tournament) was held March 7–9 at UD Arena in Dayton, Ohio.

Xavier defeated Saint Louis in the championship game, 81–65, to win their sixth MCC/Horizon League men's basketball tournament title.

The Musketeers received an automatic bid to the 1991 NCAA tournament as the #14 seed in the Midwest region.

Horizon League men's basketball tournament
The Horizon League men's basketball conference tournament is held annually at the end of the men's college basketball regular season. The tournament has been played each year since 1980.  The winner of the tournament is designated the Horizon League tournament champion and receives the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA men's basketball tournament.  The finals of the tournament are typically among the first held before the field for the NCAA tournament is announced.
Coronation of the Holy Roman Emperor
The Holy Roman Emperor received the imperial regalia from the hands of the Pope, symbolizing both the pope's right to crown Christian sovereigns and also the emperor's role as protector of the Catholic Church. The Holy Roman Empresses were crowned as well.

The Holy Roman Empire was established in 962 under Otto the Great. Later emperors were crowned by the pope or other Catholic bishops. In 1530 Charles V became the last Holy Roman emperor to be crowned by a pope, Clement VII, albeit in Bologna (Frederick III was the last to be crowned in Rome). Thereafter, until the abolition of the empire in 1806, no further crownings by the pope were held. Later rulers simply proclaimed themselves Imperator Electus Romanorum ("Elected Emperor of the Romans") after their coronation as German king.

Iron Crown
The Iron Crown (in Italian, Latin, and Lombard: Corona Ferrea; German: Eiserne Krone) is a reliquary votive crown, traditionally considered one of the oldest royal insignia of Christendom. It was made in the Middle Ages, consisting of a circlet of gold and jewels fitted around a central silver band, which tradition held to be made of iron beaten out of a nail of the True Cross. In the later Middle Ages, the crown came to be seen as a heritage from the Kingdom of the Lombards and was used as regalia for the coronation of some Holy Roman Emperors as kings of Italy. It is kept in the Duomo of Monza.
Portway Park & Ride railway station
Portway Park & Ride is a railway station on the Severn Beach line in the Avonmouth district of Bristol, England. The station is about 5 miles (8 km) north-west of Bristol city centre and close to the M5 motorway. Its three letter station code is PRI. It serves the Portway park and ride facility on the A4 Portway, and opened on 1 August 2023 as part of the MetroWest package of improvements to railways in the area.

Severn Beach railway station
Severn Beach railway station serves the village of Severn Beach, England. The station is the terminus of the Severn Beach Line. Its three letter station code is SVB.

This station is 13.5 miles (21.7 km) north west from Bristol Temple Meads on the Severn Beach Line. The station is managed by Great Western Railway, who are also the sole provider of trains serving the station.
Lauvøya, Vikna
Lauvøya is an island in Nærøysund Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The island lies along the Nærøysundet, northeast of the island of Inner-Vikna. The island of Gjerdinga lies just northeast of Lauvøya.

Nærøysundet
Nærøysundet is a strait in Nærøysund Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The village of Rørvik, is located along the Nærøysundet, on the northwestern side. The 20-kilometre (12 mi) strait is crossed by the Nærøysund Bridge which connects the mainland and the island of Inner-Vikna. The shipping lane along the Norwegian coast passes through the strait, and the ship traffic is guided by the Nærøysund Lighthouse.
Alejandro Escalona
Alejandro Adrián Escalona Martínez, (born 14 August 1979) is a retired Chilean footballer who played as wing–back.

A youth international for Chile, Escalona played for Colo-Colo, Torino, Benfica, River Plate and Grêmio, but was mostly linked to Everton de Viña del Mar, representing them on three spells.

1998 Campeonato Nacional Primera División
The 1998 Campeonato Nacional, known as Campeonato Nacional Copa Banco del Estado 1998 for sponsorship purposes, was the 67th season of top-flight football in Chile. Colo-Colo won their 22nd title following a 2–1 home win against Deportes Iquique on 13 December. Universidad Católica also qualified for the next Copa Libertadores as Liguilla winners.
Royal tours of Canada
Since 1786, members of the Canadian royal family have visited Canada, either as an official tour, a working tour, a vacation, or a period of military service. The first member to visit was the future king William IV in 1786. In 1939, King George VI became the first reigning monarch to tour the country.

Opening of the Parliament of Canada
The opening of the Parliament of Canada is the commencement of a session of the Parliament of Canada following a general election. It involves summons from the governor general on behalf of the monarch and a ceremony based on the same in the United Kingdom, though less elaborate and now evolved to include uniquely Canadian elements.