hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ernst Dammann
Ernst Karl Alwin Hans Dammann (6 May 1904 in Pinneberg, Holstein – 12 July 2003 in Pinneberg) was a German Africanist. With Walter Markov, he was one of the founders of African Studies in the DDR, and as a student of Carl Meinhof and the successor of Diedrich Hermann Westermann, was part of the "second wave" of German Africanists. A prodigious scholar of African languages and a one-time missionary in Tanga, Tanzania, he was an early member of the Nazi party, and his scientific work was criticized as imbued with racist ideology.

Walter Markov
Walter Karl Hugo Markov (born Mulec; 5 October 1909 – 3 July 1993) was a German historian. Shortly after he received his doctorate, a promising academic career was interrupted in 1934 when he joined the (by this time illegal) Communist Party and briefly became a resistance activist. In 1935 he was sentenced to twelve years in prison, but ten years later in April 1945, as the Hitler regime collapsed, he was one of a number of long-term inmates from the Siegburg jail who organised their own "self-release", with the help of two pistols that he had been able to purchase, already loaded, on the prison black market.

After the war, according to more than one source he became one of very few historians from the German Democratic Republic who built a reputation for serious historical scholarship beyond the confines of the East German academic establishment.
Kolkata–Anand Vihar Express
The 13131 / 32 Kolkata–Anand Vihar Express is an Express train belonged to Indian Railways – Northern Railway zone that had run between Kolkata Chitpur and Anand Vihar Terminal in India. Kolkata Anand Vihar Express was later changed into Kolkata Patna Express in 2016.

It operated as train number 13131 from Kolkata Station (Chitpur) to Anand Vihar Terminal and as train number 13132 in the reverse direction, serving the states of West Bengal, Jharkhand, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh & Delhi.

Anand Vihar Terminal railway station
Anand Vihar Terminal (station code: ANVT), a railway station under the Delhi Division of the Northern Railway zone of Indian Railways, is located in Anand Vihar in Delhi. Anand Vihar Terminal, along with Delhi Junction (Old Delhi), New Delhi, and Hazrat Nizamuddin, comprises one of the major long-distance railway terminals of Delhi. Spread over 42 hectares (100 acres), the terminal is one of the largest railway stations in Delhi, handling the vast majority of east-bound trains originating from Delhi to the states of UP, Bihar, West Bengal and beyond. The station also serves as a stop for Delhi Suburban Railway. The station is integrated with the Anand Vihar RRTS station of Delhi–Meerut Regional Rapid Transit System, Anand Vihar ISBT, and Anand Vihar metro station.
Greater Graz (National Council electoral district)
Greater Graz (German: Graz und Umgebung), also known as Electoral District 6A (German: Wahlkreis 6A), is one of the 39 multi-member regional electoral districts of the National Council, the lower house of the Austrian Parliament, the national legislature of Austria. The electoral district was established in 2012 following the re-organisation of the regional electoral districts in Styria to reflect the new administrative district structure and came into being at the following legislative election in 2013. It consists of the city of Graz and the district of Greater Graz in the state of Styria. The electoral district currently elects nine of the 183 members of the National Council using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2019 legislative election the constituency had 317,873 registered electors.

Statutory city (Austria)
In Austrian politics, a statutory city (German: Stadt mit eigenem Statut or Statutarstadt [ʃtatuˈtaːɐ̯ˌʃtat] ⓘ), also known in Burgenland as free city (German: Freistadt), is a city that is vested, in addition to its purview as a municipality, with the powers and duties of a district administrative authority. The city administration thus functions as both a municipal government and a branch of the executive arm of the national government. A resident of a statutory city would, for example, contact a city office and interact with city employees to apply for a driver's license or a passport.

As of 2022, there are 15 statutory cities. Statutory cities are mostly major regional population centers with residents numbering in the tens of thousands. The median statutory city has a population of about sixty thousand.
Mirchi bada
Mirchi Bada or Mirchi Vada  is a vegetarian fast food dish native to Jodhpur in the Indian state of Rajasthan. The dish is made by stuffing a green chili with indian spices, mashed potato, and gram flour, then it is wrapped in besan batter and fried until golden brown. It is served hot with tomato sauce or occasionally with mint and tamarind chutney. Banana pepper and Bhavnagri chillies are used to make mirchi bada.

Mirchi Badas are most consumed during the rainy season in India. In the southern part of India, Mirchi Bada is also referred to as Mirchi Bajji, with stuffing variations from place to place.

Sooth (chutney)
Saunth (or sooth), is a sweet chutney used in Indian chaat fried dough snacks. It is made from dried ginger (sooth) and tamarind (or imli) paste, hence the name.  The chutney is brownish-red in colour.

Modern sooth is often made with dates. However, sooth made with dried ginger adds a special flavour to the chaat and is preferred in most parts of North India.
Mare Nostrum (1948 film)
Mare Nostrum (English: Our Sea) is a 1948 drama film directed by Rafael Gil and starring María Félix, Fernando Rey and Guillermo Marín. The title refers to a Latin phrase for the Mediterranean Sea. A Spanish sailor becomes mixed up with a mysterious foreign spy at the time of the Second World War.

It is an adaptation of the novel of the same name by Vicente Blasco Ibáñez which had previously been turned into a 1926 American silent film.

Guillermo Marín
Guillermo Marín  (12 August 1905 – 21 May 1988) was a classic Spanish film and theater actor. He was one of the leading men in Spanish cinema of the 1940s, and in stages in the 1950s. He played several characters in successful films directed by Edgar Neville, but eventually preferred stage before screen.
Ora Pelton House
The Ora Pelton House, or the Izzo-Pelton House, is a historic residence in Elgin, Illinois. The Stick-Eastlake residence is the only Victorian house remaining on South State Street, formerly a wealthy area. It was built for Ora Pelton, a physician and surgeon, by local architect Gilbert M. Turnbull. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

Elgin, Illinois
Elgin (/ˈɛldʒɪn/ EL-jin) is a city in Cook and Kane counties in the U.S. state of Illinois. It is located 35 mi (56 km) northwest of Chicago along the Fox River. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 114,797, making it the sixth-most populous city in the state.
Debasisa Mohanty
Debasisa Mohanty (born 30 November 1966) is an Indian computational biologist, bioinformatician and a staff scientists at the National Institute of Immunology, India. Known for his studies on structure and function prediction of proteins, genome analysis and computer simulation of biomolecular systems, Mohanty is an elected fellow of all the three major Indian science academies namely the Indian Academy of Sciences, the Indian National Science Academy and the National Academy of Sciences, India. The Department of Biotechnology of the Government of India awarded him the National Bioscience Award for Career Development, one of the highest Indian science awards, for his contributions to biosciences, in 2009.

Indian National Science Academy
The Indian National Science Academy (INSA) is a national academy in New Delhi for Indian scientists in all branches of science and technology.

In 2015 INSA has constituted a junior wing for young scientists in the country named Indian National Young Academy of Sciences (INYAS) in line with other national young academies. INYAS is the academy for young scientists in India as a national young academy and is affiliated with Global Young Academy. INYAS is also a signatory of the declaration on the Core Values of Young Academies, adopted at World Science Forum, Budapest on 20 November 2019. Prof.Shekhar C. Mande is the serving president (2026-present).
Baldassare Ravaschieri
Baldassare Ravaschieri, OFM (1420 – 17 October 1492) was an Italian Catholic priest and a professed member of the Order of Friars Minor. Ravaschieri served as a noted preacher and confessor and befriended as contemporaries Bernardine of Feltre and architect Giovanni Antonio Amadeo.

Ravaschieri's beatification received confirmation on 8 January 1930 after Pope Pius XI issued a decree that acknowledged his 'cultus' (or popular devotion and following).

Giovanni Antonio Amadeo
Giovanni Antonio Amadeo (c. 1447 – 27 or 28 August 1522) was an Italian Renaissance sculptor of the Early Renaissance, architect, and engineer. He dominated late fifteenth-century Lombard architecture and sculpture.
Castner process
The Castner process is a process for manufacturing sodium metal by electrolysis of molten sodium hydroxide at approximately 330 °C. Below that temperature, the melt would solidify; above that temperature, the molten sodium would start to dissolve in the melt.

Downs cell
Downs' process is an electrochemical method for the commercial preparation of metallic sodium, in which molten NaCl is electrolyzed in a special apparatus called the Downs cell.  The Downs cell was invented in 1923 (patented: 1924) by the American chemist James Cloyd Downs (1885–1957).
CellML
CellML is an XML based markup language for describing mathematical models. Although it could theoretically describe any mathematical model, it was originally created with the Physiome Project in mind, and hence used primarily to describe models relevant to the field of biology. This is reflected in its name CellML, although this is simply a name, not an abbreviation. CellML is growing in popularity as a portable description format for computational models, and groups throughout the world are using CellML for modelling or developing software tools based on CellML. CellML is similar to Systems Biology Markup Language SBML but provides greater scope for model modularity and reuse, and is not specific to descriptions of biochemistry.

MathML
Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) is a pair of mathematical markup languages, an application of XML for describing mathematical notation and capturing both its structure and content. Its aim is to natively integrate mathematical formulae into World Wide Web pages and other documents. It is part of HTML5 and standardised by ISO/IEC since 2015.
Teschen District
Teschen District (German: Politischer Bezirk Teschen, Czech: Politický okres Těšín, Polish: Powiat polityczny Cieszyn) was a political district (equivalent to okres in the Czech Republic and powiat in Poland) in Austrian Silesia of the Austrian Empire (and since 1867 of Austria-Hungary) existing between 1850–1855 and 1868–1920. Its administrative center was the city of Teschen (now Cieszyn, Poland and Český Těšín, Czech Republic).

Horní Lomná
Horní Lomná (Polish: Łomna Górna, German: Ober Lomna) is a municipality and village in Frýdek-Místek District in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants. The municipality has a significant Polish minority.
Serdar Ferhad Pasha
Serdar Ferhat Paşa (Ottoman Turkish: سردار فرهاد پاشا; Turkish: Serdar Ferhat Paşa) was an Ottoman statesman of Albanian descent. He was twice grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire between 1 August 1591 and 4 April 1592 and between 16 February 1595 and 7 July 1595.

Koca Sinan Pasha
Koca Sinan Pasha (Turkish: Koca Sinan Paşa, "Sinan the Great", Albanian: Koxha Sinan Pasha; c. 1506 – 3 April 1596) was an Albanian-born Ottoman Grand Vizier, military figure, and statesman. From 1580 until his death he served five times as Grand Vizier. He is remembered as one of the most capable men in a long line of Grand Viziers throughout Ottoman history.
Hyloxalus parcus
Hyloxalus parcus (Gualaceo rocket frog) is a species of frogs in the family Dendrobatidae. It is endemic to Ecuador where it was first known from its type locality in the Zamora-Santiago Province at an elevation of 1,981 m (6,499 ft) asl. It has since been found between 1707 and 2073 meters above sea level.

Hyloxalus parcus has been considered a synonym of Hyloxalus exasperatus, but it is now treated as a valid species. Very little is known about it. Scientists infer that it breeds through larval development, like its congeners. The International Union for Conservation of Nature classifies Hyloxalus parcus as Data Deficient. Its known range overlaps with one protected park: Área Ecológica de Conservacíon Siete Iglesias.

Hyloxalus exasperatus
Hyloxalus exasperatus or the Yapitya rocket frog is a species of frog in the family Dendrobatidae. It is endemic to Ecuador and found on the eastern slopes of the Andes in Pastaza and Morona-Santiago Provinces. However, it is suggested that specimens from Pastaza represent a different, possibly undescribed species.
André Plourde
André Plourde (born 12 January 1937 in Rivière-du-Loup, Quebec) was a Progressive Conservative member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was a businessman and industrialist by career.

He represented the Quebec riding of Kamouraska—Rivière-du-Loup where he was first elected in the 1984 federal election and re-elected in 1988, therefore becoming a member in the 33rd and 34th Canadian Parliaments.

Plourde was defeated by Paul Crête of the Bloc Québécois in the 1993 federal election, ending his federal political service. He made another unsuccessful attempt to return to Parliament in the 1997 federal election at the Kamouraska—Rivière-du-Loup—Témiscouata—Les Basques riding.

Paul Crête
Paul Crête (French pronunciation: [pɔl kʁɛt]; born April 8, 1953) is a Canadian politician, who served as a Member of Parliament for the Bloc Québécois in the House of Commons of Canada from 1993 until 2009, when he announced that he was moving to provincial politics.
18th Infantry Division "Messina"
The 18th Infantry Division "Messina" (Italian: 18ª Divisione di fanteria "Messina") was an infantry division of the Royal Italian Army during World War II. The Messina was named for the city of Messina and based primarily in the Marche region, where it also recruited most of its troops. The division's headquarter and 93rd Infantry Regiment were based in Ancona, the 94th Infantry Regiment in Fano, and the 2nd Artillery Regiment in Pesaro.

Ancona
Ancona (/æŋˈkoʊnə/, also US: /ænˈ-, ɑːnˈ-/; Italian: [aŋˈkoːna] ⓘ) is a city and a seaport in the Marche region of central Italy. The city of Ancona has an estimated population of around 99,469 as of 2025. Ancona is the capital of the homonymous province and of the region. The city is located 280 km (170 mi) northeast of Rome, on the Adriatic Sea, between the slopes of the two extremities of the promontory of Monte Conero, Monte Astagno and Monte Guasco. The hilly nature around Ancona is a strong contrast to the flatter coastline in areas further north.

Ancona is one of the main ports on the Adriatic Sea, especially for passenger traffic, and is the main economic and demographic centre of the region.

As a result of Ancona's unique elbow shape facing the sea, Ancona is one of the few cities in the world and the only city in Italy where it is possible to see both sunrise and sunset over the sea.
Emil Wilbekin
Emil Wilbekin (born September 16, 1967, in Cincinnati, Ohio) is an American journalist, media executive, stylist, content creator, culture critic, and human rights activist. He is the former editor-in-chief of Vibe and Giant, editor-at-large at Essence and managing editor of its associated website Essence.com, and chief content officer of Afropunk. He is the founder of Native Son Now, an organization dedicated to empowering and lifting up black gay men through positive representation and business opportunities.

Essence (magazine)
Essence (stylized in all caps) is an American monthly lifestyle magazine covering fashion, beauty, entertainment, and culture. First published in 1970, the magazine is written for African-American women.
Makthar (archaeological site)
The Makthar archaeological site, the remains of ancient Mactaris, is an archaeological site in Makthar, west-central Tunisia, a town on the northern edge of the Tunisian Ridge.

The site is one of the most extensive in the country, and much of it remains to be archaeologically explored in 2020, a situation comparable to that of Bulla Regia. Some of the reasons for this may be the relative remoteness of the region and the difficulty of integrating it into communication networks.

In addition to the numerous remains housed in an archaeological park, with only a few scattered elements excluded, a small museum displays various archaeological finds from the site.

Bulla Regia
Bulla Regia was a Berber, Punic, and Roman town near present-day Jendouba, Tunisia. Its surviving ruins and archaeological site are noted for their Hadrianic-era semi-subterranean housing, a protection from the fierce heat and effects of the sun. Many of the mosaic floors have been left in place; others may be seen at the Bardo Museum in Tunis. There is also a small museum connected with the site.
South Siberian forest steppe
The South Siberian forest steppe ecoregion (WWF ID: PA0817) is a patchwork of grasslands and forests in the low-lying areas of south central Siberia.  The region is one of high biodiversity as a transition zone between the West Siberian taiga to the north, and the Altai Mountains to the south.  There are also small patches to the east in Irkutsk Oblast.  The ecoregion is in the temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome, and the Palearctic realm, with a Humid Continental climate.  It covers 161,874 km2 (62,500 sq mi).

West Siberian taiga
The West Siberian taiga ecoregion (WWF ID: PA0611) covers the West Siberian Plain in Russia, from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Yenisei River in the east, and roughly from 56° N to 66° N latitude. It is a vast, flat lowland region of boreal forests (taiga), and wetlands (40% of the region is swamps and bogs), covering an area about 1,800 km west–east, by 1,000 km north–south.

Also known as the Siberian Lowlands, the region is a large sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide, both in the forests and boggy peatlands. It is also a source of methane gas.  The peatlands of Western Siberia are the most extensive in the world, covering an area the size of Texas.
Special Edition (film)
Special Edition is a 1938 British thriller film directed by Redd Davis and starring Lucille Lisle, John Garrick and Norman Pierce.

It was made by at Isleworth Studios as a quota quickie for released by Paramount British Pictures.

Lucille Lisle
Lucille Lisle (1908–2004) was an Australian actress.  She began her stage career aged eight and continued to appear as an actor and dancer throughout her childhood.  She had been cast in two silent films and was performing as a dancer in revue shows by age seventeen.  In the following years Lisle took on acting roles in Australian productions and joined a touring comedy company.  In 1930 she departed for America and found moderate success in New York and touring productions.  In 1932 Lisle left New York for London, where she eventually found success in the theatre in several long-running West End productions.  During the 1930s she was cast in six films made in the United Kingdom.  During the war years and afterwards Lisle mainly focussed on radio drama.
1931–32 in Belgian football
The 1931–32 season was the 32nd season of competitive football in Belgium. The second and third level of Belgian football were just changed prior to the beginning of the season, with now 2 leagues of 14 clubs in Division I and 4 leagues of 14 clubs in Promotion. R Liersche SK won their first Premier Division title.

Belgian Second Division
The Belgian Second Division was the second-highest division in the Belgian football league system, one level below the Belgian Pro League. It was founded by the Royal Belgian Football Association in 1909 and folded in 2016, when it was replaced by the Belgian First Division B (known as the Proximus League for sponsorship reasons)).
Ahmed Abdulahi Waayeel
Ahmed Abdulahi Waayeel (Somali: Axmed Cabdullaahi Waayeel, Arabic: احمد عبد اللّه واييل; died 3 December 2009) was a Somali politician who served as the Minister of Education in the Transitional Federal Government.

He was killed, along with Minister of Health Qamar Aden Ali and Minister of Higher Education Ibrahim Hassan Addow, in a suicide bombing at the Hotel Shamo in Mogadishu, the capital of Somalia, on 3 December 2009.

Ibrahim Hassan Adow
Ibrahim Hassan Adow (Somali: Ibraahin Xasan Caddoow, Arabic: إبراهيم حسن عدو) (died December 3, 2009) was a Somali scholar and politician. He was the dean of Benadir University.

Adow became the head of the Foreign Affairs department for Islamic Courts Union as it rose to power during the early 2000s. He later worked in the same role for the Alliance for the Re-liberation of Somalia during the Ethiopian military occupation. He later served the Minister of Education for Transitional Federal Government.

He was assassinated during the 2009 Hotel Shamo attack carried out by an Al-Shabaab suicide bomber.
Ngatangiia
Ngatangiia is one of the five districts of the island of Rarotonga in the Cook Islands. It is in the east of the island, to the south of the districts of Matavera and Avarua, and northeast of the district of Titikaveka.

Avarua
Avarua (meaning "Two Harbours" in Māori) is a district and town in the north of the island of Rarotonga, the largest island of the Cook Islands. It serves as the capital of the Island territory and is further sub-divided into 19 tapere (sub-districts). As per 2016 census, the district had a population of 4,096 individuals. It is an important commercial and economic center with the island's main airport (Rarotonga International Airport) and Avatiu harbour located here.
Liu Zhijun (Later Liang)
Liu Zhijun (Chinese: 劉知俊; died January 21, 918?), courtesy name Xixian (希賢), nicknamed Liu Kaidao (劉開道, "Liu who opened the way"), was a general under Zhu Wen (Zhu Quanzhong) while Emperor Taizu was a major warlord during the late Tang dynasty and then during Emperor Taizu's reign in his new Later Liang. Later, fearing that Emperor Taizu was going to act against him, he defected, first to Qi, then to Former Shu. Former Shu's emperor Wang Jian (Emperor Gaozu), however, also was apprehensive of his talent and later had him executed.

Later Liang (Five Dynasties)
Liang, known in historiography as the Later Liang (simplified Chinese: 后梁; traditional Chinese: 後梁; pinyin: Hòu Liáng) (1 June 907 – 19 November 923) or the Zhu Liang (Chinese: 朱梁), was an imperial dynasty of China and the first of the Five Dynasties during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. It was founded by Zhu Wen (Emperor Taizu), after he forced the last emperor of the Tang dynasty to abdicate in his favour (and then murdered him). The Later Liang would last until 923 when it was destroyed by the Later Tang dynasty.