hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dragan Marušič
Dragan Marušič (born 1953, Koper, Slovenia) is a Slovene mathematician. Marušič obtained his BSc in technical mathematics from the University of Ljubljana in 1976, and his PhD from the University of Reading in 1981 under the supervision of Crispin Nash-Williams.

Marušič has published extensively, and has supervised seven PhD students (as of 2013). He served as the third rector of the University of Primorska from 2011 to 2019, a university he lobbied to have established in his home town of Koper. His research focuses on topics in algebraic graph theory, particularly the symmetry of graphs and the action of finite groups on combinatorial objects. He is regarded as the founder of the Slovenian school of research in algebraic graph theory and permutation groups.

University of Ljubljana
The University of Ljubljana (Slovene: Univerza v Ljubljani, pronounced [uniʋɛ́ːɾza w ljubljàːni], Latin: Universitas Labacensis), abbreviated UL, is the oldest and largest university in Slovenia. It has approximately 38,000 enrolled students. The university has 23 faculties and three art academies with approximately 4,000 teaching and research staff, assisted by approximately 2,000 technical and administrative staff. The University of Ljubljana offers programs in the humanities, sciences, and technology, as well as in medicine, dentistry, and veterinary science.

The university was founded in the centre of Ljubljana, where the central university building and the majority of its faculties are located. Since then, newer buildings have been constructed in the suburbs of the city.
Hojuela
A Hojuela (lit. 'flake'), also called a Hojaldra, is a traditional Spanish and Latin American sweet baked-good originating in Spain. In Latin American countries, especially Colombia, and in Spain, it is commonly made during Holy Week and the Christmas season. Ingredients vary by region, but usually consist of a flour-based batter fried in oil and dusted with sugar.

Spanish cuisine
Spanish cuisine (Spanish: cocina española) consists of the traditions and practices of Spanish cooking. It features considerable regional diversity, with significant differences among the traditions of each of Spain's regional cuisines.

Olive oil (of which Spain is the world's largest producer) is extensively used in Spanish cuisine. It forms the base of many vegetable sauces (known in Spanish as sofritos). Herbs most commonly used include parsley, oregano, rosemary and thyme. The use of garlic has been noted as common in Spanish cooking. The most-used meats in Spanish cuisine include chicken, pork, lamb and veal. Fish and seafood are also consumed on a regular basis. Tapas and pinchos are snacks and appetizers commonly served in bars and cafes.
Captain Tractor
Captain Tractor is a Canadian folk rock band, based in Edmonton, Alberta. They play a punk-influenced variant of Celtic folk music, which has been compared to Great Big Sea, The Pogues or Spirit of the West. Their songs are often rich in local, cultural, and geographical references.

Spirit of the West
Spirit of the West were a Canadian folk rock band from North Vancouver, active from 1983 to 2016. They were popular on the Canadian folk music scene in the 1980s before evolving a blend of hard rock, Britpop, and Celtic folk influences which made them one of Canada's most successful alternative rock acts in the 1990s.
Tetra (monkey)
Tetra (born October 12, 1999) is a rhesus macaque that was created through a cloning technique called "embryo splitting". She is the first "cloned" primate by artificial twinning, and was created by a team led by Professor Gerald Schatten of the Oregon National Primate Research Center.

Gerald Schatten
Gerald Schatten (born 1949) is an American stem cell researcher with interests in cell, developmental, and reproductive biology. He is professor and vice-chair of obstetrics, gynecology and reproductive sciences and professor of cell biology and of bioengineering in the Schools of Medicine and Engineering at the University of Pittsburgh, where he is also director of the Division of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine at the university's school of medicine. Additionally, he is deputy director of the  Magee-Women's Research Institute and director of the Pittsburgh Development Center.. He is a member of the NCI-designated University of Pittsburgh Cancer Center and the McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine.
Jureur
During the French Revolution, Catholic clergy in France who agreed to swear an oath to the Civil Constitution of the Clergy were called prêtres jureurs (English: "juring priests"). They were regarded as traitors to the faith by many Catholics, including the pope and Queen Marie Antoinette—who famously refused to confess to a juring priest while on the gallows for her execution, thinking it would be an invalid sacrament.

Sacraments of the Catholic Church
There are seven sacraments of the Catholic Church, which according to Catholic theology were instituted by Jesus Christ and entrusted to the Church. Sacraments are visible rites seen as signs and efficacious channels of the grace of God to all those who receive them with the proper disposition.

The sacraments are often classified into three categories: the sacraments of initiation (into the Catholic Church and the mystical body of Christ), consisting of baptism, confirmation, and the Eucharist; the sacraments of healing, consisting of penance and the anointing of the sick; and the sacraments of service: holy orders and matrimony. Furthermore, baptism and penance were also known as the "sacraments of the dead" (in the meaning that the souls of the sinners which are regarded dead before God may obtain life through these sacraments), whereas the other five are collectively the "sacraments of the living".
Gaseous signaling molecules
Gaseous signaling molecules are gaseous molecules that are either synthesized internally (endogenously) in the organism, tissue or cell or are received by the organism, tissue or cell from outside (say, from the atmosphere or hydrosphere, as in the case of oxygen) and that are used to transmit chemical signals which induce certain physiological or biochemical changes in the organism, tissue or cell. The term is applied to, for example, oxygen, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrous oxide, hydrogen cyanide, ammonia, methane, hydrogen, ethylene, etc.

Select gaseous signaling molecules behave as neurotransmitters and are called gasotransmitters. These include nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen sulfide.

Historically, the study of gases and physiological effects was categorized under factitious airs.

The biological roles of each of the gaseous signaling molecules are outlined below.

Ethylene
Ethylene (IUPAC name: ethene) is a hydrocarbon which has the formula C2H4 or H2C=CH2. It is a colourless, flammable gas with a faint "sweet and musky" odour when pure. It is the simplest alkene (a hydrocarbon with carbon–carbon double bonds).

Ethylene is widely used in the chemical industry, and its worldwide production (over 225 million tonnes in 2022) exceeds that of any other organic compound. Much of this production goes toward creating polyethylene, which is a widely used plastic containing polymer chains of ethylene units in various chain lengths. Production emits greenhouse gases, including methane from feedstock production and carbon dioxide from any non-sustainable energy used.

Ethylene is also an important natural plant hormone and is used in agriculture to induce ripening of fruits. The hydrate of ethylene is ethanol.
Augustaea
Augustaea is a monotypic genus of ant-like Singaporean jumping spiders containing the single species, Augustaea formicaria. It was first described by C. Szombathy in 1915, and is only found in Singapore. They are about 6 millimetres (0.24 in) long, and placed close to Agorius.

Szombathy's drawings suggest that A. formicaria might belong to Orsima, but no study has been published on it since its first description in 1915.

Orsima
Orsima is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1901. As of August 2019 it contains only three species, found only in Africa, Indonesia, and Malaysia: O. constricta, O. ichneumon, and O. thaleri. O. ichneumon was considered a Polyrhachis ant mimic in reverse, but this theory was later dismissed.
Liu Shasha
Sha Sha Liu (also known as Liu Shasha, born July 26, 1993) is a Chinese professional pool player. She is one of the most successful female nine-ball players of all time, having won the WPA Women's World Nine-ball Championship on three occasions, in 2009, 2014 and 2015. Aged 16 years old in 2009, she is the youngest world nine-ball champion ever, and won the event on her international debut. In addition to her three World nine-ball championships, she also reached the final of the WPA World Heyball Championship in 2018.

A former World Pool Association world number one, she is five time finalist of the China 9-Ball Open, she won the event in 2013. She won the eight-ball event at the 2010 Asian Games, and got a bronze medal in the ten-ball event at the 2025 World Games. Having grown up in the same small village as Fu Xiaofang, the two are known as "billiard sisters". The two both won the WPA Women's World Nine-ball Championship in back-to-back years in 2009 and 2010.

2025 World Games
The 2025 World Games (2025年世界运动会), also known as Chengdu 2025, were an international multi-sport event held from 7–17 August in Chengdu, Sichuan, China, with preliminary competition in some events beginning on 6 August. They were the 12th World Games, a multi-sport event featuring disciplines of Olympic sports and other competitions that are not currently contested at the Olympic Games.

It marked the first time that the World Games were hosted in the People's Republic of China, and marked the return to a four-year cycle after the 2021 World Games in Birmingham, Alabama were delayed to 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Damon, Texas
Damon is a census-designated place (CDP) in Brazoria County, Texas, United States. The population was 436 at the 2020 census. The town is located about 20 miles (32 km) south of Rosenberg on Texas State Highway 36. Damon sits partly atop a salt dome which was exploited for petroleum, sulphur, and limestone.

Rosenberg, Texas
Rosenberg is a city in the U.S. state of Texas, within the Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land metropolitan area and Fort Bend County. It was named for Henry Von Rosenberg, who immigrated to Texas from Switzerland in 1843. Von Rosenberg was an important figure in the settlement of Fort Bend County and the Gulf Coast region. The population was 38,282 at the 2020 census, up from 30,618 at the 2010 census. The community holds the Fort Bend County fair in October. Rosenberg is adjacent to the city of Richmond, the Fort Bend county seat.
Plaxton Cheetah
The Plaxton Cheetah is a minicoach body manufactured by Plaxton on Mercedes-Benz chassis between 1997 and 2019. Between 1997 and 2014, the Cheetah was built on Mercedes-Benz Vario chassis, with a redesigned midicoach variant called the Plaxton Cheetah XL built on Mercedes-Benz Atego chassis between 2015 and the body's discontinuation in 2019.

Mercedes-Benz Atego
The Mercedes-Benz Atego is a range of general-purpose rigid trucks introduced by Daimler Truck in 1998. A new model was introduced in 2004, followed by a facelift in 2010 and another new model in 2013.
The latest version is available in gross vehicle weights of 6.5 to 16 tonnes (t) and is powered by a straight 4- or 6-cylinder engine.
Franchi AL-48
The 48 AL is a semi-automatic shotgun that has been manufactured by Luigi Franchi S.p.A. since 1948.

The gun is available in 12 gauge, 20 gauge and 28 gauge.  It uses a patented action that John Browning developed for the Browning Auto-5. Rounds are cycled through long recoil. Factory models are equipped with walnut stocks and forends. Franchi offers one model with a short stock, and one model with a “Prince-of-Wales” stock.

The 48 AL comes with a light but durable full aluminum receiver that is polished in black, walnut furniture, and a golden trigger.

Gauge (firearms)
The gauge (in American English; known as bore in Commonwealth English) of a firearm is a unit of measurement used to express the inner diameter (bore diameter) and other necessary parameters to define in general a smoothbore barrel (compare to caliber, which defines a barrel with rifling and its cartridge).

The gauge of a shotgun is a list that includes all necessary data to define a functional barrel. For example, the dimension of the chamber, the shotgun bore dimension, the valid proof load, and commercial ammunition, as defined globally by the C.I.P.; defined in Great Britain by the Rules, regulations and scales applicable to the proof of small arms (2006) of The London Proof House and The Birmingham Proof House, as referred in the Gun Barrel Proof Act 1978, Paragraph 6; and defined in the United States by SAAMI Z299.2 – 2019.
NGC 709
NGC 709 is a lenticular galaxy  located 150 million light-years away in the constellation Andromeda. It was discovered by the Irish engineer and astronomer Bindon Blood Stoney on October 28, 1850 and is a member of the galaxy cluster Abell 262.

Abell 262
Abell 262 is a galaxy cluster in the Abell catalogue. It is part of the Perseus–Pisces Supercluster, one of the largest known structures in the universe. Although its central galaxy, NGC 708, is a giant cD galaxy, most of its bright galaxies are spirals, which is unusual for a galaxy cluster. With approximately 200 members it is a comparatively small cluster.
Stokkseyrar-Dísa
Thordis Markusdottir (Þórdís Markúsdóttir), known as Stokkseyrar-Dísa (1668–1728), was an Icelandic magician (Galdrmaster). She is known in history for her alleged magical powers. She is the subject of a least ten different folk sagas depicting her experiments within magic or Galdr.

Thordis Markusdottir belonged to the elite of the Iceland and was the grandchild of sheriff Torfi Erlendsson of Stafnes and related to Thormodus Torfæus, historian of the King of Denmark. She lived in Stokkseyri, thereby the name Stokkseyrar-Dísa. Some of the sagas around her centers on her magical duels with Eiríkur í Vogsósum.

Galder (incantation)
In old Germanic culture, a galder (lit. 'gale-der, yell-der'; Old English: ġealdor, galdor, Middle English: galder; Old Norse: galdr; Old High German: galdar, galstar), among other forms in old Germanic languages, refers to a spell or incantation; these were usually performed in combination with certain rites.

During the Middle Ages, the term galder often became synonymous with "witchcraft" and "magic" as a whole. In Old Icelandic and Old Swedish, a word for witch was "galder woman" (Old Icelandic: galdrakona; Old Swedish: galderkona, gallirkona; lit. 'galder-quean'), and the construction also exist in German as Galsterweib (lit. 'galder wife').

It was performed by both women and men. Some scholars have proposed they chanted it in falsetto (gala).
Mathematical descriptions of the electromagnetic field
There are various mathematical descriptions of the electromagnetic field that are used in the study of electromagnetism, one of the four fundamental interactions of nature. In this article, several approaches are discussed, although the equations are in terms of electric and magnetic fields, potentials, and charges with currents, generally speaking.

Ampère's circuital law
In classical electromagnetism, Ampère's circuital law, often simply called Ampère's law, and sometimes Oersted's law, relates the circulation of a magnetic field around a closed loop to the electric current passing through that loop.

The law was inspired by Hans Christian Ørsted's 1820 discovery that an electric current generates a magnetic field. This finding prompted theoretical and experimental work by André-Marie Ampère and others, eventually leading to the formulation of the law in its modern form.

James Clerk Maxwell published the law in 1855. In 1865, he generalized the law to account for time-varying electric currents by introducing the displacement current term. The resulting equation, often called the Ampère–Maxwell law, is one of Maxwell's equations that form the foundation of classical electromagnetism.
Before We Were Born
Before We Were Born is the first album by Bill Frisell to be released on the Elektra Nonesuch label. It was released in 1989 and features performances by Frisell, cellist Hank Roberts, bassist Kermit Driscoll and drummer Joey Baron. Guests include guitarist Arto Lindsay, keyboardist Peter Scherer, alto saxophonist Julius Hemphill and baritone saxophonist Doug Wieselman.

Arto Lindsay
Arthur Morgan "Arto" Lindsay (born May 28, 1953) is an American guitarist, singer, record producer and experimental composer. He was a member of the pioneering 1970s no wave group DNA, which featured on the 1978 compilation No New York. In the 1980s, he formed the group Ambitious Lovers. He also performed with the Golden Palominos and the Lounge Lizards.

He has a distinctive soft voice and an often noisy, self-taught guitar style consisting almost entirely of unconventional extended techniques, described by Brian Olewnick as "studiedly naïve ... sounding like the bastard child of Derek Bailey".
The Second Barbra Streisand Album
The Second Barbra Streisand Album is the title of Barbra Streisand's second solo studio album. It was released in August 1963, just six months after the release of her debut album, The Barbra Streisand Album, and was recorded in four days in June 1963.

In 1963, Streisand told a reporter: "My new album is called The Second Barbra Streisand Album, because that's just what it is. Why should I give it some fancy name that no one remembers anyway?"

Radio stations received mono and stereo blue vinyl promo albums, making this Columbia's first Streisand colored vinyl.

By 1966 the album sold over one million copies worldwide. The album made its digital debut on CD in 1987 and was re-released in a remastered CD edition on October 19, 1993.

The Barbra Streisand Album
The Barbra Streisand Album is the debut album by American singer Barbra Streisand, released February 25, 1963, on Columbia Records, catalogue CL 2007 in mono and CS 8807 in stereo. It peaked at number 8 on the Billboard Top LPs, and has been certified a gold album by the RIAA. By 1966, the album had sold over one million copies worldwide.

The album was nominated for five Grammys at the 1963 Grammy Awards and won Album of the Year, Best Female Vocal Performance and Best Album Cover. The album was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame Award in 2006.
Skyward Airlines
Skyward Airlines, (IATA: OW, ICAO: SEW), is a private airline operating in Kenya. It provides scheduled passenger and cargo services from its two main operational bases at Wilson Airport (for passenger services) and Jomo Kenyatta International Airport (for cargo operations), both located in Nairobi, the capital city of Kenya.

Jomo Kenyatta International Airport
Jomo Kenyatta International Airport (IATA: NBO, ICAO: HKJK) is an international airport serving Nairobi, the capital and largest city of Kenya. The other three important international airports in Kenya include Kisumu International Airport, Moi International Airport and Eldoret International Airport. Located in the Embakasi suburb 18 kilometres (11 mi) southeast of Nairobi's central business district, the airport has scheduled flights to destinations in over 50 countries. Originally named Embakasi Airport, the airport's name was changed in 1978 to honour Jomo Kenyatta, who was Kenya's first president and Prime Minister. The airport served over 9 million passengers in 2024, making it the sixth busiest airport in passenger traffic on the continent. It also handled over 364,000 tonnes of cargo & mail in 2024, making it the top airport in freight traffic on the continent.

The postal code for Jomo Kenyatta International Airport (JKIA) is 00501.
In a Different Light (Everclear album)
In a Different Light is a 2009 album by the band Everclear. It is the band's first album with label 429 Records. The album features re-recordings of songs from the band's previous albums, performed in a more stripped down and acoustic fashion, as well as two previously unreleased songs, "At the End of the Day" and "Here Comes the Darkness".

In a Different Light was released in the United States on October 6, 2009.

Songs from an American Movie Vol. One: Learning How to Smile
Songs from an American Movie Vol. One: Learning How to Smile is the fourth studio album by American alternative rock band Everclear, released on July 11, 2000.  The album (along with its sequel, Songs from an American Movie Vol. Two: Good Time for a Bad Attitude) is a loose concept album inspired by lead singer Art Alexakis's second divorce. The first album is much more influenced by American pop music, especially from the 1970s, as well as being more "loving" in tone than the hard rock Good Time for a Bad Attitude. The album is dedicated to David Ridderhof and Louis Montoya.

Learning How to Smile is the band's second highest selling album ever with 1.28 million copies sold and a Platinum certification by the RIAA.  It is also the band's only album to debut in the top ten on the Billboard 200, where it peaked at number nine.
Dekh Bhai Dekh
Dekh Bhai Dekh (transl. Look, brother, look) is an Indian Hindi sitcom which premiered on DD Metro on 6 May 1993. It was created, developed, edited, directed by Anand Mahendroo and produced by Jaya Bachchan under the banner of Saraswati Audio Visuals Pvt Ltd. It starred Shekhar Suman, Navin Nischol, Farida Jalal, Bhavana Balsavar, Deven Bhojani, Sushma Seth, N K Shivpuri, Vishal Singh, and Nattasha Singh.

Deven Bhojani
Deven Bhojani is an Indian actor. He is a theatre artist, who is best known for his Gujarati plays. He made his television debut with Shankar Nag’s famous show Malgudi Days in 1987. He mainly gained popularity for his comic roles and for playing some supporting characters. He has won three best director awards for Sarabhai vs Sarabhai, The ITA Award, The Indian Telly Award and The Apsara Award.
In the Cold of the Night
In the Cold of the Night is a 1990 American erotic thriller film produced and directed by Greek filmmaker Nico Mastorakis, who also wrote the screenplay with Fred C. Perry. It stars Jeff Lester, Adrianne Sachs, Marc Singer, Brian Thompson, Shannon Tweed, John Beck, Tippi Hedren, and David Soul.

Marc Singer
Marc Singer (born January 29, 1948) is a Canadian-American actor best known for his roles in the Beastmaster film series, as Mike Donovan in the original 1980s TV series V, and as Matt Cantrell in 1983 Dallas.
Good Doctor (Japanese TV series)
Good Doctor (グッドドクター; Guddo Dokuta) is a Japanese medical drama remake of the 2013 South Korean television series of the same name, about a person on the autism spectrum who becomes a pediatric surgeon. It aired on Thursdays at 22:00 (JST) from July 12 to September 13, 2018 on Fuji TV, and starred Kento Yamazaki, Juri Ueno, and Naohito Fujiki.

Juri Ueno
Juri Ueno (上野 樹里, Ueno Juri; born 25 May 1986) is a Japanese actress. She first gained recognition in the 2005 film Swing Girls where she was a recipient of Newcomer of the Year prize at the Japanese Academy Awards. Ueno achieved mainstream success for playing the title role in the live-action adaptations of manga Nodame Cantabile for which she won Best Lead Actress at the 51st Television Drama Academy Awards in 2007. She further gained acclaim with her role in the television series Last Friends for which she won Best Supporting Actress at the Nikkan Sports Drama Grand Prix and the 57th Television Drama Academy Awards in 2008.