hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jakob von Sonnenberg
Jakob Sonnenberg (10 January 1556, Lucerne – 13 August 1629) was a Catholic Lucerne politician who served as avoyer of Lucerne from 1612 to 1622 and held numerous administrative and diplomatic posts in the Old Swiss Confederacy.

Avoyer
An avoyer (German: Schultheiss; Italian: scoltetto; Latin: scultetus) was a medieval official in Switzerland representing a lord and tasked, in their name, with administering high justice or low justice. The office derives from a Frankish-era judicial functionary and corresponds to the Swiss urban development of the office known in Germany as Schultheiß.

Probably initially linked to landed lordship, the avoyer subsequently became the representative of the lord, both in cities and in the countryside, in judicial and administrative matters. The position largely overlapped with that of the Ammann, Meier, Landvogt, or Reichsvogt.
Walter Hackett (baseball)
Walter Henry Hackett (August 15, 1857 – October 2, 1920) was an American Major League Baseball shortstop. He played for the 1884 Boston Reds in the Union Association and the 1885 Boston Beaneaters in the National League. He later played in the minor leagues through 1889. His brother, Mert Hackett and cousins Dad Clarkson, John Clarkson and Walter Clarkson all also played professional baseball.

Dad Clarkson
Arthur Hamilton "Dad" Clarkson (August 31, 1866 – February 5, 1911) was an American pitcher in Major League Baseball from 1891 to 1896. He played for the New York Giants, Boston Beaneaters, St. Louis Browns, and Baltimore Orioles.
16th Division (United States)
The 16th Division was an infantry division of the United States Army raised during World War I. It was the second formation of that name raised in the United States, the first being renamed to 37th Division in 1917.

37th Infantry Division (United States)
The 37th Infantry Division was a unit of the United States Army in World War I and World War II. It was a National Guard division from Ohio, nicknamed the "Buckeye Division". Today, its lineage is continued through the 37th Infantry Brigade Combat Team, with battalions from Ohio, Michigan, and South Carolina.
Maria Irene Ramalho
Maria Irene Ramalho de Sousa Santos, usually known as Maria Irene Ramalho, is a Portuguese professor emerita of American Studies and Feminist Studies at the Faculty of Arts of the University of Coimbra (FLUC), in Portugal, as well as a former Assistant Professor International in the Department of Comparative Literature at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, in the USA. In 2008, she was the first non-American to be awarded the Mary C. Turpie Prize by the American Studies Association (ASA) for outstanding abilities and achievement in American studies teaching, advising, and program development, and in 2018, she received the Medal of Scientific Merit, awarded by the Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education of Portugal.

American Studies Association
The American Studies Association (ASA) is a scholarly organization devoted to the interdisciplinary study of U.S. culture and history. It was founded in 1951 and claims to be the oldest scholarly organization devoted to these topics. The ASA works to promote meaningful dialogue about the United States of America, throughout the U.S. and across the globe. Its purpose is to support scholars and scholarship committed to original research, innovative and effective teaching, critical thinking, and public discussion and debate.

The ASA consists of almost 5,000 individual members along with 2,200 library and other institutional subscribers. It publishes the journal American Quarterly at Johns Hopkins University Press.  The concerns and activities of the organization are international in scope.
Covington, Texas
Covington is a city in Hill County in central Texas, United States. Located at the intersection of FM 67 and State Highway 171, 14 miles (23 km) north of Hillsboro, it is near the northern boundary of Hill County. It was founded by Colonel James Jackson Gathings, formerly of North Carolina and Mississippi, in the spring of 1852, and is named for his wife's family. Gathings secured about 10,000 acres (40 km2) of land in what is now Hill County, 100 of which were set aside for the new town of Covington. The population of Covington, 168 years later, was 261 at the 2020 census.

Texas State Highway 171
State Highway 171 (SH 171) is a 110.845-mile (178.388 km) southeast–northwest state highway in northeastern Texas, United States, that connects U.S. Highway 84 (US 84) in Mexia with U.S. Highway 180 (US 180) in Weatherford.
Tam Courts
Thomas "Tam" Courts (born 10 August 1981) is a Scottish football coach and former player.

As a player, he appeared in the Scottish Football League for Livingston, Cowdenbeath and East Fife. After a previous spell at the club from 2002 to 2004, he rejoined Kelty Hearts as a player in 2007 and went on to be their player-manager from 2013 until 2018. After joining Dundee United in 2020 to work in their youth academy, he was their head coach during the 2021–22 season. Tam is currently looking to get back into football management, stating on Tay FM, 5 March 2025, that he's got unfinished business in the SPFL and that he would love a crack at managing in England.

East Fife F.C.
East Fife Football Club is a semi-professional football club established in 1903 in Methil, Fife, Scotland. They are members of the Scottish Professional Football League and compete in Scottish League One, the third tier of the Scottish football league system.

The club were the first to win the Scottish League Cup three times and the first of only two sides from the second tier of the Scottish league system to win the Scottish Cup. This makes them the most successful club in Fife in terms of major honours won.

East Fife are one of four SPFL clubs based in Fife, but are the only one to bear the name of the area. The three others are Dunfermline Athletic, Kelty Hearts and the Kirkcaldy-based Raith Rovers (Cowdenbeath play in the Lowland Football League), all of whom have historically shared rivalries with East Fife.
Bo Stief
Bo Stief (born 15 October 1946) is a Danish jazz and rock bassist, composer, and arranger born in Copenhagen.

He has worked or recorded with Don Cherry, Miles Davis, Warne Marsh, Stan Getz, Dizzy Gillespie, Dexter Gordon, Johnny Griffin, Jackie McLean, George Russell, Kenny Drew and Ben Webster, among many other prominent jazz musicians.

Since 1980 Stief has been leading bands as Chasing Dreams, Dream Machine or One Song III.

In 2005 he was awarded the Danish Django d’Or as Master of Jazz.

Jackie McLean
John Lenwood McLean (May 17, 1931 – March 31, 2006) was an American jazz alto saxophonist, composer, bandleader, and educator.  He is one of the few musicians to be elected to the DownBeat Hall of Fame in the year of their death.
Abraham Beverley Walker
Abraham Beverley Walker ONB (23 August 1851 – 21 April 1909) was a New Brunswick-born lawyer and journalist. He was the first Canadian-born Black lawyer in New Brunswick, and the first black lawyer born in what is now Canada (Robert Sutherland having been born in Jamaica; when Walker was born, New Brunswick was part of British North America but Canada at the time only covered parts of modern Quebec and Ontario). He was posthumously awarded the Order of New Brunswick in 2019.

Robert Sutherland
Robert Sutherland (1830–June 2, 1878), a native of Jamaica, was the first known Black graduate at a Canadian university, and the first Black man to study law in British North America. A graduate of Queen's University, Sutherland qualified to practise law in Ontario under the then prevailing system of apprenticeship and examination.  He studied at Osgoode Law School and practised law for 20 years in Walkerton, Ontario. Upon his death in 1878, Sutherland's left a large bequest (his entire estate of $12,000) to Queen's University, roughly equivalent to the institution's annual operating budget. This donation was the largest the school had ever received, saving it from financial catastrophe in a banking crisis. The funds permitted Queen's to remain an independent institution, rather than being annexed by the University of Toronto.
Generalized TTL security mechanism
The Generalized TTL Security Mechanism (GTSM) is a proposed Internet data transfer security method relying on a packet's Time to Live (IPv4) or Hop limit (IPv6) thus to protect a protocol stack from spoofing and denial of service attacks.

Protocol stack
The protocol stack or network stack is an implementation of a computer networking protocol suite or protocol family.  Some of these terms are used interchangeably, but strictly speaking, the suite is the definition of the communication protocols, and the stack is the software implementation of them.

Individual protocols within a suite are often designed with a single purpose in mind. This modularization simplifies design and evaluation. Because each protocol module usually communicates with two others, they are commonly imagined as layers in a stack of protocols. The lowest protocol always deals with low-level interaction with the communications hardware. Each higher layer adds additional capabilities. User applications usually deal only with the topmost layers.
Halfway to Hazard (album)
Halfway to Hazard is the debut studio album by American country music duo Halfway to Hazard. It was released through a joint venture of Mercury Nashville Records and StyleSonic Records on August 14, 2007. The tracks "Daisy" and "Devil and the Cross" were both released as singles. The album was produced by singer Tim McGraw, owner of the StyleSonic label, and Byron Gallimore, who has co-produced all of McGraw's albums. The song 8."Country 'Til the Day I Die" was featured in NASCAR 08.

Byron Gallimore
Byron Gallimore (born in Puryear, Tennessee) is an American record producer known for his work in the field of country music. He has worked with artists Tim McGraw, Faith Hill, Sugarland, Lee Ann Womack, and Jo Dee Messina. Hill's 1999 album Breathe won him the Grammy Award for Best Country Album. Gallimore also produced the single "Breathe" from the album.
Pratul Chandra Gupta
Pratul Chandra Gupta (16 January 1910 – 11 March 1990) was an Indian historian, writer and the author of Nana Sahib and the Rising at Cawnpore, a historical account of the siege of Cawnpore. Considered by many as an authority on Maratha history, he translated The Maharashta Purana, an 18th-century Bengali text written by Gangaram into English, Edward C. Dimock, a known Indologist, being his co-translator. One of his books, INA in Military Operation, was commissioned by Jawaharlal Nehru but the book could not be published, reportedly due to political objections. The Last Peshwa and the English Commissioners, 1818–1851 and Shah Alam II and His Court are some of his other notable works. The Government of India awarded him the third highest civilian honour of the Padma Bhushan, in 1975, for his contributions to Literature.

Siege of Cawnpore
The siege of Cawnpore was a key episode in the Indian Rebellion of 1857. The besieged East India Company forces and civilians in Cawnpore (now Kanpur) were duped into a false assurance of a safe passage to Allahabad by the rebel forces under Nana Sahib. Their evacuation from Cawnpore thus turned into a massacre; most of the men were killed, while women and children were taken to a nearby dwelling known as Bibi Ghar. As an East India Company rescue force from Allahabad approached Cawnpore, around 200 British women and children captured by the rebels were butchered in what came to be known as the Bibi Ghar massacre, their remains then thrown down a nearby well. Following the recapture of Cawnpore and the discovery of the massacre, the angry Company forces engaged in widespread retaliation against captured rebel soldiers and local civilians. The murders greatly enraged the British rank-and-file against the sepoy rebels and inspired the war cry "Remember Cawnpore!".
Kurt Heuser
Kurt Heuser (23 November 1903 – 20 June 1975) was a German screenwriter.

Early in his career he wrote Schlußakkord (Final Accord or better Final Chord), a German film melodrama of the Nazi period. After 1945, Heuser continued to work as a screenwriter. He was in contact with many German-speaking filmmakers and writers and took part in the meetings of Group 47. His last work, “Malabella,” was unable to live up to his first successes as an author, although it did, for example, B. was highly praised by Christa Rotzoll in the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung.

Schlußakkord
Schlußakkord (Final Accord or better Final Chord; sometimes anglicised Schlussakkord) is a German film melodrama of the Nazi period, the first melodrama directed by Detlef Sierck, who later had a career in Hollywood as Douglas Sirk and specialised in melodramas. It was made under contract for Universum Film AG (UFA), stars Lil Dagover and Willy Birgel and also features Maria von Tasnady, and premièred in 1936. It shows stylistic features later developed by Sierck/Sirk and makes symbolic and thematic use of music.
Attack of 7 August 1932 in Rennes
The bomb attack of 7 August 1932 in Rennes was aimed at a work by the sculptor Jean Boucher, symbolizing the union of Brittany and France, and placed in a niche in Rennes City Hall. Since its inauguration in 1911, the statue, representing Anne of Brittany, had been considered degrading by the Breton movement, due to its kneeling position before the King of France.

Its symbolic setting was the festivities marking the 400th anniversary of Brittany's union with France, which took place in Vannes on the same day. The first attack committed by the Breton movement, it was also the first action of the armed group Gwenn ha Du. It was carried out by Célestin Lainé, who supplied the bomb, and André Geffroy, who planted it.

Although the event had few concrete political consequences and did not represent a key date in the history of the Breton movement, it immediately acquired a strong symbolic charge among its militants.

Vannes
Vannes (French pronunciation: [van] ⓘ; Breton: Gwened, pronounced [ˈɡweːnet], [ˈɡɥeːnet]) is a commune in the French department of Morbihan, Brittany, northwestern mainland France. It was founded over 2,000 years ago.
Wandle River
The Wandle River is a river of the north Canterbury region of New Zealand's South Island. It flows generally south from the slopes of Mount Lyford to reach the Mason River 10 kilometres (6 mi) northeast of Waiau. The Mount Lyford Alpine Resort lies close to the river's source, Lake Stella.

Mason River
The Mason River is a river of the north Canterbury region of New Zealand's South Island. It flows south from the Amuri Range, at the foot of the Mason Hills before turning southwest to reach the Waiau River just to the west of the township of Waiau.
3174 Alcock
3174 Alcock (prov. designation: 1984 UV) is a carbonaceous Themistian asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt. It was discovered by American astronomer Edward Bowell at Lowell's U.S. Anderson Mesa Station in Flagstaff, Arizona, on 26 October 1984. The likely C-type asteroid has a rotation period of 7.1 hours and measures approximately 19 kilometers (12 miles) in diameter. It was named after British amateur astronomer George Alcock (1912–2000).

C-type asteroid
C-type (carbonaceous /ˌkɑːrbəˈneɪʃəs/) asteroids are the most common variety, forming around 75% of known asteroids. They are volatile-rich and distinguished by a very low albedo because their composition includes a large amount of carbon, in addition to rocks and minerals. They have an average density of about 1.7 g/cm3.

They lie most often at the outer edge of the asteroid belt, 3.5 au (520 million km; 330 million mi) from the Sun, where 80% of the asteroids are of this type, whereas only 40% of asteroids at 2 au (300 million km; 190 million mi) from the Sun are C-type. The proportion of C-types may actually be greater than this, since C-types are much darker (and hence less detectable) than most other asteroid types, except for D-types and others that lie mostly at the extreme outer edge of the asteroid belt.
Konrad Nowak (footballer, born 1985)
Konrad Nowak (born 17 March 1985) is a Polish former professional footballer who played as a striker. He formerly played for Lublinianka, Górnik Łęczna, Jagiellonia Białystok, Avia Świdnik, Wisła Puławy, and Motor Lublin.

GKS Górnik Łęczna
Górniczy Klub Sportowy Górnik Łęczna (pronounced [ɡurˈɲit͡ʂɨ ˈklup spɔrˈtɔvɨ ˈɡurɲik ˈwɛnt͡ʂna]), commonly referred to as Górnik Łęczna, is a sports club based in Łęczna, Poland. It is best known for its men's professional football team, which competes in I liga, the second division in the Polish football league system. The club also fields teams in women's football and wrestling.
Poh Ling Yeow
Poh Ling Yeow (Chinese: 杨宝玲; pinyin: Yáng Bǎolíng; born 17 December 1973) is a Malaysian-born Australian cook, artist, actress, author and television presenter. She has hosted multiple cooking shows including ABC's Poh's Kitchen and SBS's Poh & Co. She has also published multiple cook books. She was the runner-up on the first season of Network 10's Masterchef Australia behind winner Julie Goodwin. Since appearing on season 1, she has made multiple comebacks to the series as a guest judge/mentor, returning as a contestant on the twelfth season in 2020 then a judge since the sixteenth season in 2024.

Special Broadcasting Service
The Special Broadcasting Service (SBS) is an Australian hybrid-funded public service broadcaster that receives about 80 percent of its funding from tax revenue. SBS operates six TV channels (SBS, SBS Viceland, SBS World Movies, SBS Food, NITV and SBS WorldWatch) and seven radio networks (SBS Radios 1, 2 and 3, Arabic 24, SBS Chill, SBS South Asian and SBS PopAsia). SBS is also home to SBS On Demand; a video streaming service.

The stated purpose of SBS is "to provide multilingual and multicultural radio and television services that inform, educate, and entertain all Australians and, in doing so, reflect Australia's multicultural society". SBS is one of five main free-to-air networks in Australia.

SBS was founded in 1975 as a radio network and launched its television channel in 1980. In-show advertising commenced in 2006 with commercial breaks spanning five minutes per hour. SBS's most successful imported television series is South Park.
Johnny Mathis (album)
Johnny Mathis is the first studio album by vocalist Johnny Mathis that was released by Columbia Records in 1956. The subtitle A New Sound in Popular Song can be found on the back cover but not on the front of the album or the disc label; in fact, this Mathis LP has been referred to as "the jazz album".

This release did not make it onto Billboard magazine's  Best Selling Pop Albums chart, which had 15 positions available at the time.

Columbia/Legacy released the album on compact disc for the first time as a 40th Anniversary Edition on May 7, 1996, and included a previously unreleased recording of "I'm Glad There Is You".

In the UK the album was originally issued by Fontana Records with alternate artwork and a different track listing. On May 14, 2001, this version had its first pressing on compact disc as one of two albums on one CD, the other album being its 1957 follow-up, Wonderful Wonderful.

I'm Glad There Is You
"I'm Glad There Is You (In This World of Ordinary People)" is a song written by Jimmy Dorsey and Paul Madeira (sometimes credited as Paul Mertz) first published in 1941. It has become a jazz and pop standard.
Rajesh Kumar (born 1969)
Rajesh Kumar (born 5 January 1969) is an Indian politician from Bihar and current Bihar Pradesh Congress Committee president. He was a member of the Bihar Legislative Assembly from Kutumba Assembly constituency which is reserved for Scheduled Caste community in Aurangabad district. He won the 2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election representing the Indian National Congress. He lost his seat in the 2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election.

Bihar Pradesh Congress Committee
The Bihar Pradesh Congress Committee or (BPCC) is the political unit of the Indian National Congress for the state of Bihar. It is responsible for organizing and coordinating the party's activities and campaigns within the state, as well as selecting candidates for local, state, and national elections for all districts of Bihar. Its head office is situated in Patna at the Sadaqat Ashram.

The current working presidents are Shyam Sunder Singh Dheeraj, Ashok Kumar, Sameer Kumar Singh, and Qaukab Kadri.
Occipital nerve stimulation
Occipital nerve stimulation (ONS), also called peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) of the occipital nerves, is used to treat chronic migraine patients who have failed to respond to pharmaceutical treatments.

The treatment involves the use of mild electrical impulses to stimulate the greater occipital nerve and lesser occipital nerve  which are part of the peripheral nervous system and are located at the back of the head just above the neck area.

The electrical impulses are generated by a small device called a neurostimulator – similar to an artificial cardiac pacemaker – which is implanted in the buttock, chest, low abdomen, beneath the shoulder blade or below the clavicle. The electricity is delivered to the greater occipital nerve and lesser occipital nerve by small metal electrodes which are arranged on thin leads and implanted just under the skin. The intensity of the electrical impulses can be adjusted using a small remote control device.

Lesser occipital nerve
The lesser occipital nerve (or small occipital nerve) is a cutaneous spinal nerve of the cervical plexus. It arises from second cervical (spinal) nerve (C2) (along with the greater occipital nerve). It innervates the skin of the back of the upper neck and of the scalp posterior to the ear.
Björk Digital
Björk Digital was an "immersive" virtual reality exhibition by Icelandic musician Björk featuring 360-degree VR music videos from her eighth studio album, Vulnicura. The exhibit debuted at Carriageworks in Sydney, Australia as part of Vivid Sydney on June 4, 2016 and has traveled across the globe. Originally announced as an 18 month tour the exhibit ran until 2020, where it was last presented at the Centro Cultural Banco do Brasil of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Björk has promoted the traveling exhibit with a series of DJ sets and intimate strings-only concerts during her Vulnicura tour, premiering at London's famous Royal Albert Hall on 21 September 2016. Her debut at the Walt Disney Concert Hall, with the Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra, took place on 30 May 2017.

The virtual reality videos premiered during the exhibition went on to form Vulnicura VR, which was released on Steam for Oculus Rift, Valve Index, HTC Vive on September 6, 2019.

Vivid Sydney
Vivid Sydney is an annual festival held in Sydney, Australia. It includes outdoor immersive light installations and projections, performances by local and international musicians, and an ideas exchange forum featuring public talks and debates with leading creative thinkers.

This event takes place over the course of three weeks in May and June. The centrepieces of Vivid Sydney are the light sculptures, multimedia interactive work and building projections that transform various buildings and landmarks such as the Sydney Opera House and Sydney Harbour Bridge in and around the Sydney central business district into an outdoor night time canvas of art.

Past sites of interest include Central Park, Chatswood, and the University of Sydney as well as around the CBD, Darling Harbour and The Rocks.