hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Abdulmumin Jibrin
Abdulmumin Jibrinpronunciationⓘ (born 9 September 1976) is a Nigerian politician, businessman, academic, and member of the Nigerian House of Representatives representing Kiru/Bebeji federal constituency of Kano State He was recently re-elected on the platform of the New Nigerian People Party. He served as the Federal Housing Authority's Executive Director of Research and Innovation Development from October 2021 until May 2022, under President Muhammadu Buhari's administration.

7th Nigeria National Assembly
The 7th National Assembly of the Federal Republic of Nigeria was a bicameral legislature inaugurated on 6 June 2011 and ran its course till 6 June 2015.
The assembly comprises the Senate and the House of Representatives.
The House of Representative consists of 360 elected members and the Senate, a total of 109 members from which 73 were newly elected and 36 were re-elected across the 6 geopolitical zones of Nigeria.
David Mark, the Senate President of the 6th Assembly was re-elected on the platform of People's Democratic Party and Aminu Waziri Tambuwal, the Speaker of the House of Representatives was also re-elected on the same platform following the 11 April general election.
Old Main, Nebraska Wesleyan University
Old Main is a historic three-story building on the campus of Nebraska Wesleyan University in Lincoln, Nebraska. It was built in 1887–1888, and designed in the Romanesque Revival style by Gibbs and Parker. It was the administration building on the NWU campus until 1975. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since May 21, 1975.

Nebraska Wesleyan University
Nebraska Wesleyan University (NWU) is a private Methodist-affiliated university in Lincoln, Nebraska, United States. It was founded in 1887 by Nebraska Methodists. As of 2017, it had approximately 2,100 students, including 1,500 full-time students and 300 faculty and staff. The university offers 119 undergraduate majors, minors, and pre-professional programs in addition to three graduate programs.
Polarstar Peak
Polarstar Peak (77°32′S 86°9′W﻿ / ﻿77.533°S 86.150°W﻿ / -77.533; -86.150) is a peak rising above 2,400 m, standing 3 nautical miles (6 km) north of Mount Ulmer in Gromshin Heights on the east side of northern Sentinel Range in Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica. It surmounts the head of Vicha Glacier to the southeast.

The peak was discovered by Lincoln Ellsworth on his trans-Antarctic flight of November 23, 1935. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for the airplane Polar Star in which Ellsworth made the historic flight.

Gromshin Heights
Gromshin Heights (Bulgarian: Громшински възвишения, ‘Gromshinski Vazvisheniya’ \'grom-shin-ski v&-zvi-'she-ni-ya\) are the heights rising to 2731 m at Mount Ulmer on the east side of northern Sentinel Range in Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica.  They extend 35 km in north–south direction and 20 km in east–west direction.  The feature is upturned U-shaped with its interior drained by the south flowing Vicha Glacier, and its northeast side marked by the extensive Miller Bluffs.  The heights are bounded by Rutford Ice Stream to the east and Newcomer Glacier to the south and west, and is connected to Mount Wyatt Earp on the northwest by Skamni Saddle, and to Mount Weems on the north by Kipra Gap. Their interior is drained by Vicha and Yamen Glaciers.

The heights are named after the settlement of Gromshin in Northwestern Bulgaria.
Nyangatom people
The Nyangatom also known as Donyiro and pejoratively as Bumé are Nilotic agro-pastoralists inhabiting the border of southwestern Ethiopia, southeastern South Sudan, and the Ilemi Triangle. They speak the Nyangatom language.

Turkana people
The Turkana are a Nilotic people native to the Turkana County in northwest Kenya, a semi-arid climate region bordering Lake Turkana in the east, Pokot, Rendille and Samburu people to the south, Uganda to the west, South Sudan to the north-west (Didinga and Toposa) and Ethiopia to the north.
Upper information region
In aviation, an upper information region (UIR) is a flight information region in the upper airspace above each country's lower airspace. It is not regulated by the ICAO and boundaries are often not standardized.

The boundary between flight information regions and UIRs vary by country, but is usually above FL245 (24,500 feet) or FL660 (66,000 feet) depending on jurisdiction. They are used to manage high level traffic such as commercial airliners and military aircraft.

Some countries may have their boundary below FL245. In France, the boundary between the FIR and UIR in French airspace is FL195 (19,500 feet). On the other hand, countries such as Tunisia do not separate between lower and upper airspace, merging both FIRs and UIRs into one controlled region. In many cases, multiple FIRs can be merged into one UIR, such as in France where the Bordeaux, Reims, Paris, Marseille and Brest FIRs all being under the France UIR above FL195.

Airway (aviation)
Airways, air routes or flight paths are designated routes which aeroplanes fly to aid in navigation and help with separation to avoid accidents.

Airways are defined with segments within a specific altitude block, corridor width, and between fixed geographic coordinates for satellites navigation system, or between ground-based radio transmitter navigational aids (navaids; such as VORs or NDBs) or the intersection of specific radials of two navaids.
IBM Heron
IBM Heron is a 156-qubit tunable-coupler quantum processor created by IBM, originally unveiled during the IBM Quantum Summit 2023, which occurred on December 4, 2023, and is the highest performance quantum processor IBM has ever built.

It is currently in use on the IBM Quantum System Two, unveiled during the same event.

IBM claims that this processor eliminates cross-talk errors that emerged in their previous quantum processors, and that this processor is being made available for users via the cloud.

The first version is reportedly 5 times faster than their previous best record set by the IBM Eagle.

Qubit
In quantum computing, a qubit (/ˈkjuːbɪt/) or quantum bit is a basic unit of quantum information; a binary qudit – the quantum version of the classic binary bit physically realized with a two-state device. A qubit is a two-state (or two-level) quantum-mechanical system, one of the simplest quantum systems displaying the peculiarity of quantum mechanics. Examples include the spin of the electron in which the two levels can be taken as spin up and spin down; or the polarization of a single photon in which the two spin states (left-handed and the right-handed circular polarization) can also be measured as horizontal and vertical linear polarization. In a classical system, a bit would have to be in one state or the other. However, quantum mechanics allows the qubit to be in a coherent superposition of multiple states simultaneously, a property that is fundamental to quantum mechanics and quantum computing.
Picton railway station (England)
Picton railway station was a railway station serving the village of Picton in North Yorkshire, England. Located on the Northallerton to Eaglescliffe Line (which is now the North TransPennine line) it was opened on 2 June 1852 by the Leeds Northern Railway. It closed to passengers on 4 January 1960 and closed completely in July 1964.

Northallerton–Eaglescliffe line
The Northallerton–Eaglescliffe line runs between Northallerton and Eaglescliffe stations. It connects the East Coast Main Line to the Tees Valley Line. It was built by the Leeds Northern Railway as part of their main line from Leeds to Stockton (via Harrogate and Ripon) which opened on 2 June 1852, although the connection to the ECML at the Northallerton end was not opened for a further four years.
Brandon Bender
Brandon Logan Bender (born February 5, 1987) is an Italian-American mixed martial artist who competes in the Bantamweight and Featherweight divisions. A professional MMA competitor since 2006, Bender has fought in multiple promotions, including King of the Cage and Bellator Fighting Championships

Bantamweight (MMA)
The bantamweight division in mixed martial arts refers to a number of different MMA weight classes, which groups competitors within 126–135 lb (57.2-61.3 kg)

The UFC bantamweight division, which groups competitiors within the 126-135 lb (57-61 kg)

The Shooto bantamweight division, which suits competitors below 125 lb (56.7 kg)

The ONE Championship's bantamweight division, with upper limit at 65.8 kg (145.1 lb)

The Road FC's bantamweight division, with upper limit at 135.6 lb (61.5 kg)

The bantamweight division sits between the lighter flyweight (116–125 lb) division and the heavier featherweight division (136–145 lb).
Forrest & Maples
Forrest & Maples was an American slave-trading company based in Memphis, Tennessee, United States during the mid-1850s. The principals, Josiah Maples and Nathan Bedford Forrest, were in business together as Forrest & Maples from July 1854 to December 31, 1855.

Chase C. Mooney
Chase Curran Mooney (September 30, 1913 – April 29, 1973) was a Guggenheim Fellowship and Rosenwald Fund Fellowship-winning American historian. He specialized in the history of the 19th-century United States.
Atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization
Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) is an ionization method used in mass spectrometry which utilizes gas-phase ion-molecule reactions at atmospheric pressure (105 Pa), commonly coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). APCI is a soft ionization method similar to chemical ionization where primary ions are produced on a solvent spray. The main usage of APCI is for polar and relatively less polar thermally stable compounds with molecular weight less than 1500 Da. The application of APCI with HPLC has gained a large popularity in trace analysis detection such as steroids, pesticides and also in pharmacology for drug metabolites.

Ion source
An ion source is a device that creates atomic and molecular ions. Ion sources are used to form ions for mass spectrometers, optical emission spectrometers, particle accelerators, ion implanters and ion engines.
2016 Washburn Ichabods football team
The 2016 Washburn Ichabods football team represented Washburn University in the 2016 NCAA Division II football season. The Ichabods played their home games on Foster Field in Yager Stadium at Moore Bowl in Topeka, Kansas, as they have done since 1928. 2016 was the 126th season in school history. The Ichabods were led by fifteenth-year head coach, Craig Schurig. Washburn has been a member of the Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletics Association since 1989.

Yager Stadium at Moore Bowl
Yager Stadium at Moore Bowl is a sport stadium in Topeka, Kansas. The facility is primarily used by Washburn University for college football and men's and women's soccer teams. The stadium currently hosts the Kansas State High School Activities Association Class 6A state championship game.

Previously just called the Moore Bowl, the stadium was re-dedicated in 2002 and named for former Washburn player Gary Yager at the request of an anonymous donor.
Martinho de Portugal
Dom Martinho de Portugal (1485 - 15 November 1547), also known as Martinho of Portugal,  was a Portuguese archbishop, the only Archbishop of Funchal, holder of the largest Catholic jurisdiction in the world, ever created, which had as suffragans the dioceses like Angra do Heroísmo, São Tomé, Santiago and Goa. From its area, the future Diocese (today Archdiocese) of São Salvador da Bahia, would be dismembered and created in 1551.

Diocese of Faro
The Diocese of Faro (Latin: Dioecesis Pharaonensis), also called the Diocese of the Algarve and formerly the Diocese of Silves, is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic church in Portugal. It is a suffragan of the archdiocese of Évora. The current bishop of Faro is Manuel Neto Quintas.
Richard Foxe
Richard Foxe (sometimes Richard Fox) (c. 1448 – 5 October 1528) was an English churchman, the founder of Corpus Christi College, Oxford. He was successively Bishop of Exeter, Bath and Wells, Durham, and Winchester, and became also Lord Privy Seal.

Bishop of Bath and Wells
The bishop of Bath and Wells is the diocesean bishop of the diocese of Bath and Wells in the Church of England. The bishop's seat, or cathedra, is at the Cathedral Church of Saint Andrew in the city of Wells. The diocese covers most of Somerset and a small part of Dorset.

From 1090 until the Reformation the Abbey Church of St Peter and Paul in the city of Bath was also a cathedral of the diocese, and the double name has been retained. The bishop has the right, together with the bishop of Durham, to escort the sovereign at the coronation. The bishop's residence is the Bishop's Palace, Wells.
Pellotine
Pellotine, also known as peyotline or N-methylanhalonidine, is a tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid found in Lophophora species, in particular  L. diffusa. It is the second most common alkaloid found in Lophophora williamsii (peyote). Pellotine is slightly sedative, and has been used by Native Americans as a constituent of peyote for sacramental purposes. It was reportedly once marketed for use as a sedative. Pellotine has been sold online.

Lophophora
Lophophora (/ləˈfɒfərə/) is a genus of spineless, button-like cacti. Its native range covers Texas through Mexico to southwestern Mexico. The species are extremely slow growing, sometimes taking up to thirty years to reach flowering age (at the size of about a golf ball, excluding the root) in the wild. Cultivated specimens grow considerably faster, usually taking between three and ten years to reach from seedling to mature flowering adult. The slow rate of reproduction and over-harvesting by collectors render the species under threat in the wild.
Batu Pahat River
The Batu Pahat River (Malay: Sungai Batu Pahat) is a river originating from Sungai Simpang Kiri and Sungai Simpang Kanan (in which the river split as Sungai Bekok and Sungai Sembrong in Tanjung Sembrong) near Tongkang Pechah, and flows through Batu Pahat (Bandar Penggaram) and until it reaches the mouth of the river in Pantai Minyak Beku, a seaside village lying on the west coast of Johor, Malaysia.

The total length of the river is 12 km.

Tongkang Pechah
Tongkang Pechah (Jawi: توڠكڠ ڤچه, Chinese: 中江) is a small town in Batu Pahat District, Johor, Malaysia. Its name was taken from the bauxite ore tongkang which sunk in Sungai Simpang Kiri (nearby the bridge which connected Batu Pahat and Tongkang Pechah).
Yuracjaja (Cusco)
Yuracjaja (possibly from Quechua yuraq white, qaqa rock, "white rock") is mountain in the northern extensions of the Vilcanota mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about 4,600 metres (15,092 ft) high. It is located in the Cusco Region, Quispicanchi Province,  Ocongate District. Yuracjaja lies southwest of Jolljepunco and Cinajara where the annual Quyllur Rit'i festival takes place and southeast of Condorsenja and Jajachaca. Vilacirca is in the east beyond the Cinajara valley.

Cordillera Vilcanota
The Cordillera Vilcanota (Spanish cordillera: "mountain range", Aymara: willkan uta "house of the sun") is a mountain range located in Peru southeast of Cusco, on the boundary between the regions of Cusco and Puno. It extends between 13°39' and 14°29'S and 70°31' and 71°20'W for about 80 km. It includes 469 glaciers.

To the east the rivers San Gabán and Azángaro are the natural boundary which separates it from the Carabaya range. The La Raya range near the La Raya pass is sometimes included or listed separately.
Josef Gangl
Josef "Sepp" Gangl (September 12, 1910 – May 5, 1945) was a German major of the Wehrmacht who became a member of the Austrian Resistance very late in the Second World War. He was killed in action on May 5, 1945, at Itter Castle, Tyrol. He took part in the defense of Castle Itter against troops of the 17th SS Panzer Grenadier Division "Götz von Berlichingen" with soldiers of the Wehrmacht, the US Army and French prisoners, and lost his life in the process when he took a bullet to protect former French prime minister Paul Reynaud. He is remembered as a hero of the Austrian Resistance against the Nazi regime.

Nebelwerfer
The Nebelwerfer (transl. "fog launcher") was a World War II German series of weapons. They were initially developed by and assigned to the Army's Nebeltruppen. Initially, two different mortars were fielded before they were replaced by a variety of rocket launchers ranging in size from 15 to 32 centimetres (5.9 to 12.6 in). The thin walls of the rockets had the great advantage of allowing much larger quantities of gases, fluids or high explosives to be delivered than artillery or even mortar shells of the same weight. With the exception of the Balkans Campaign, Nebelwerfer were used in every campaign of the German Army during World War II. A version of the 21 cm (8.3 in) calibre system was adapted for air-to-air use against Allied bombers.
Thurlestone
Thurlestone is a village and civil parish in the South Hams district in south Devon, England. The village is about 5 miles (8 km) west of Kingsbridge. There is an electoral ward in the same name. The population at the 2011 Census was 1,886.

The village is named after Thurlestone Rock, the so-called "thirled stone", an arch-shaped rock formation just offshore in Thurlestone Bay. Thurl, or Thirl is an Old English word meaning "hole".

The Church of England parish church of All Saints is built of the dark grey local slate. The chancel was built early in the 13th century; the remainder of the church in the 15th and 16th centuries.

Kingsbridge
Kingsbridge is a market town in the South Hams district of Devon, England, with a population of 6,116 at the 2011 census. Two electoral wards bear the name of Kingsbridge (East & North). Their combined population at the above census was 4,381.  It is situated at the northern end of the  Kingsbridge Estuary, a ria that extends to the sea six miles (10 km) south of the town. It is the third largest settlement in the South Hams and is 17 miles (27 km) southwest of Torquay and 17 miles (27 km) southeast of Plymouth.
2015 Strade Bianche
The 2015 Strade Bianche was the ninth edition of the Strade Bianche road cycling race. Held on 7 March 2015, it started in San Gimignano and ended 200 kilometres (124 miles) away in Siena. It was a 1.HC-ranked race that was part of the 2015 UCI Europe Tour.

Particularly known for its long sections of dirt roads, the race's name comes from the strade bianche (English: white roads) that formed large sections of the route. The race was also hilly throughout, with the finish coming after a particularly difficult climb into Siena.

Traditionally the Strade Bianche was the first of a pair of races alongside the Roma Maxima; the latter event, however, was cancelled in 2015 due to "organisational problems".

The race was won by Zdeněk Štybar, with Greg Van Avermaet finishing second and Alejandro Valverde finishing third.

2015 UCI Europe Tour
The 2015 UCI Europe Tour was the eleventh season of the UCI Europe Tour. The 2015 season began on 29 January 2015 with the Trofeo Santanyí-Ses Salines-Campos and ended on 25 October 2015 with the Tour of Aegean.

The points leader, based on the cumulative results of previous races, wears the UCI Europe Tour cycling jersey. Tom Van Asbroeck of Belgium is the defending champion of the 2014 UCI Europe Tour.

Throughout the season, points are awarded to the top finishers of stages within stage races and the final general classification standings of each of the stages races and one-day events. The quality and complexity of a race also determines how many points are awarded to the top finishers, the higher the UCI rating of a race, the more points are awarded.

The UCI ratings from highest to lowest are as follows:

Multi-day events: 2.HC, 2.1 and 2.2

One-day events: 1.HC, 1.1 and 1.2
Japanese submarine Ro-43
Ro-43 was an Imperial Japanese Navy Kaichū type submarine of the K6 sub-class. Completed and commissioned in December 1943, she served in World War II and was sunk in February 1945 during her fifth war patrol.

Kaichū type submarine
The Kaichū type submarine (海中型潜水艦, Kaichū-gata sensuikan) submarines were double-hulled medium-sized submarines of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II. The name was derived from the Kaigun-shiki Chū-gata Sensuikan (海軍式中型潜水艦, Navy Medium Type submarine).

Several variants existed. From 1934 to 1944, the K6 type (Ro-33 Class) and the K7 type (Senchū, Ro-35 Class) were built. They were equipped with a 76.2 mm (3.00 in) L/40 gun and four 53 cm torpedo tubes for ten type 95 Long Lance torpedoes.

Most of these submarines were destroyed in combat, suffering from Allied anti-submarine warfare measures, and only Ro-50 survived the war.
Timeline of Brigham Young University LGBTQ history
Below is a timeline of major events, media, and people at the intersection of LGBTQ people and topics and Brigham Young University (BYU). BYU is the largest university of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). Before 1959 there was little explicit mention of homosexuality by BYU administration.

Church Educational System
The Church Educational System (CES) of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) consists of several institutions that provide religious and secular education for both Latter-day Saint and non–Latter-day Saint elementary, secondary, and post-secondary students and adult learners. Over 1 million individuals were enrolled in CES programs in over 180 countries with over 150,000 higher education students worldwide in 2023. CES has grown significantly since 2011, when it had approximately 700,000 students, largely through increased international participation and expansion of BYU–Pathway Worldwide (BYU–PW) and Seminaries and Institutes of Religion programs. CES courses of study are separate and distinct from religious instruction provided through wards (local congregations). Clark G. Gilbert, a general authority, has been the CES commissioner since August 1, 2021.
Allendale East
Allendale East is a town and locality in the Australian state of South Australia located in the state's south-east about 391 kilometres (243 mi) south-east of the state capital of Adelaide and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of the municipal seat of Mount Gambier.

Allendale East is located within the federal division of Barker, the state electoral district of Mount Gambier and the local government area of the District Council of Grant.

Electoral district of Mount Gambier
Mount Gambier is a single-member electoral district for the South Australian House of Assembly. It covers the far south-east corner of the state containing the City of Mount Gambier and District Council of Grant local government areas. It is centred on the city and extinct volcano of Mount Gambier.
Mazar Tagh
Mazar Tagh is the site of a ruined hill fort in the middle of the Taklamakan desert, dating from the time of the Tibetan Empire. Like the Miran fort site, its excavation has yielded hundreds of military documents from the 8th and 9th century, which are among the earliest surviving Tibetan manuscripts, and vital sources for understanding the early history of Tibet. The site is now located north of the modern city of Hotan in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China.

Hotan
Hotan is a major oasis town in southwestern Xinjiang, an autonomous region in Northwestern China. The city proper of Hotan broke off from the larger Hotan County to become an administrative area in its own right in August 1984. It is the seat of Hotan Prefecture.

With a population of 408,900 (2018 census), Hotan is situated in the Tarim Basin some 1,500 kilometres (930 mi) southwest of the regional capital, Ürümqi. It lies just north of the Kunlun Mountains, which are crossed by the Sanju, Hindutash and Ilchi passes. The town, located southeast of Yarkant County and populated almost exclusively by Uyghurs, is a minor agricultural center. An important station on the southern branch of the historic Silk Road, Hotan has always depended on two strong rivers, the Karakash River and the White Jade River, to provide the water needed to survive on the southwestern edge of the vast Taklamakan Desert. The White Jade River still provides water and irrigation for the town and oasis.