hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stochastic
Stochastic (/stəˈkæstɪk/; from Ancient Greek  στόχος (stókhos) 'aim, guess') is the property of being well-described by a random probability distribution. Stochasticity and randomness are technically distinct concepts. Stochasticity refers to a modeling approach, while randomness describes phenomena. These terms are often used interchangeably. In probability theory, the formal concept of a stochastic process is also referred to as a random process.

Stochasticity is used in many different fields, including actuarial science, image processing, signal processing, computer science, information theory, telecommunications, chemistry, ecology, neuroscience, physics, and cryptography. It is also used in finance, medicine, linguistics,  music, media, colour theory,  botany, manufacturing and geomorphology.

Monte Carlo method
Monte Carlo methods, also called the Monte Carlo experiments or Monte Carlo simulations, are a broad class of computational algorithms based on repeated random sampling for obtaining numerical results. The underlying concept is to use randomness to solve deterministic problems.

Monte Carlo methods are mainly used in three distinct problem classes: optimization, numerical integration, and non-uniform random variate generation, available for modeling phenomena with significant input uncertainties, e.g. risk assessments for nuclear power plants. Monte Carlo methods are often implemented using computer simulations. They can provide approximate solutions to problems too complex for mathematical analysis.
Melanoleuca
Melanoleuca is a poorly known genus of saprotrophic mushrooms traditionally classified in the family Tricholomataceae. DNA studies have determined that this genus is closely related to Amanita and Pluteus and that it does not belong to the family Tricholomataceae.

Most species are small to medium sized, white, brown, ocher or gray with a cylindrical to subcylindrical stipe and white to pale yellowish gills. The basidiospores are ellipsoid and ornamented with amyloid warts. Melanoleuca is considered a difficult group to study due to their macroscopic similarities among species and the need of a thorough microscopic analysis to separate species.

Cystidium
A cystidium (pl.: cystidia) is a relatively large cell found on the sporocarp of a basidiomycete (for example, on the surface of a mushroom gill), often between clusters of basidia. Since cystidia have highly varied and distinct shapes that are often unique to a particular species or genus, they are a useful micromorphological characteristic in the identification of basidiomycetes. In general, the adaptive significance of cystidia is not well understood.
Military coups in Nigeria
Since Nigeria became independent in 1960, there have been five military coups. Between 1966 and 1999, Nigeria was ruled by a military government without interruption, apart from a short-lived return to democracy under the Second Republic of 1979 to 1983. However, the most recent coup occurred in 1993, and there have been no significant further attempts under the Fourth Republic, which restored multi-party democracy in 1999.

Fourth Nigerian Republic
The Fourth Republic is the current republican government of Nigeria. Since 1999, it has governed the country according to the fourth republican constitution. Nigeria adopted the constitution of the Fourth Republic on 29 May 1999.
2009 Alessandria Challenger
The 2009 Alessandria Challenger (known as 2009 Trofeo Cassa di Risparmio di Alessandria) was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor red clay courts. It was part of the 2009 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Alessandria, Italy between May 25–31, 2009.

Alessandria Challenger
The Alessandria Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor red clay courts. It was currently part of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour. It was held annually at the Centro Sportivo Comunale "I. Barberis" in Alessandria, Italy, since 2008.
Polish Downtown (Chicago)
Polish Downtown was Chicago's oldest and most prominent Polish settlement.  Polish Downtown was the political, cultural and social capital of Poles in Chicago and of other Polish Americans throughout North America. Centered on Polonia Triangle at the intersection of Division, Ashland and Milwaukee Avenue, the headquarters for almost every major Polish organization in the United States was clustered within its vicinity, beginning with the Polish National Alliance to the Polish Daily News.

Polish National Alliance
The Polish National Alliance (PNA) (pol. Związek Narodowy Polski, (ZNP)) is the largest and one of the oldest Polish fraternal organizations in the United States.  The original goal was to mobilize support among Polish Americans for the liberation of Poland. For much of the 20th century, it was locked in battle with the rival organization Polish Roman Catholic Union of America.

It later emphasized fraternal roles such as social activities for its membership. By the 1980s it focused on its insurance program, with 300,000 members and assets of over $176 million.
Roche, Cornwall
Roche (/roʊtʃ/, "roach"; Cornish: Tregarrek, meaning homestead of the rock) is a civil parish and village in mid-Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The village gets its name from the 20-metre (66-foot) high Roche Rock,  a quartz-schorl outcrop east of the village. Roche is the Norman-French word for Rock. The parish population at the 2011 census including Belowda, Bilberry, Carbis, Coldvreath and Criggan is 3,381, and the ward population at the same census was 3,867.

Nearby are the towns of Bodmin and St Austell, as well as the Eden Project. The civil servant Charles Knight was born in Roche and Liberal Democrat Member of Parliament Matthew Taylor retired there.

Bodmin
Bodmin (Cornish: Bosvena) is a town and civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is situated south-west of Bodmin Moor.

The extent of the civil parish corresponds fairly closely to that of the town so is mostly urban in character. It is bordered to the east by Cardinham parish, to the southeast by Lanhydrock parish, to the southwest and west by Lanivet parish, and to the north by Helland parish. At the 2021 census the population of the parish was 16,909.

Bodmin became the county town of Cornwall in 1838 when the main courts for the county moved there from Launceston. Bodmin gradually lost county town functions to Truro; in 1889 the new Cornwall County Council chose to base itself in Truro, and the county's main courthouse moved to Truro in 1988.
Kern government
The Kern government was the 29th Government of Austria, in office from 18 May 2016 to 18 December 2017. It was a grand coalition between the Social Democratic Party (SPÖ) and People's Party (ÖVP), in which Christian Kern held the position of chancellor and Reinhold Mitterlehner was vice-chancellor.

Succeeding the Second Faymann government, following the resignation of Chancellor Werner Faymann amidst the 2016 presidential election, it was succeeded by the First Kurz government following the 2017 legislative election. The cabinet was appointed by outgoing President Heinz Fischer.

Government of Austria
The Government of Austria (German: Bundesregierung der Republik Österreich) is the executive cabinet of the Republic of Austria. It consists of the chancellor, who is the head of government, the vice chancellor and the ministers.
1997 Goodwrench Service 400
The 1997 Goodwrench Service 400 was the second stock car race of the 1997 NASCAR Winston Cup Series and the 32nd iteration of the event. The race was held on Sunday, February 23, 1997, in Rockingham, North Carolina, at North Carolina Speedway, a 1.017 miles (1.637 km) permanent high-banked racetrack. The race took the scheduled 393 laps to complete. In the final laps of the race, Hendrick Motorsports driver Jeff Gordon would manage to make a late race pass on the dominant driver of the day, Robert Yates Racing driver Dale Jarrett to take his 21st career NASCAR Winston Cup Series victory and his second victory of the season. To fill out the podium, Jarrett and Roush Racing driver Jeff Burton would finish second and third, respectively.

1997 NASCAR Winston Cup Series
The 1997 NASCAR Winston Cup Series was the 49th season of professional stock car racing in the United States and the 26th modern-era NASCAR Cup series. It began on February 9 and ended on November 16. Jeff Gordon of Hendrick Motorsports won his second Cup championship at the end of the season.
2025 UCI Road World Championships – Women's time trial
The Women's time trial of the 2025 UCI Road World Championships was a cycling event that took place on 21 September 2025 in Kigali, Rwanda. It was the 32nd edition of the championship, for which Grace Brown of Australia was the defending champion, having won in 2024.

2025 UCI Road World Championships
The 2025 UCI Road World Championships was the 98th edition of the UCI Road World Championships, the annual world championships for road bicycle racing. It was held from 21 to 28 September 2025 in Kigali, Rwanda. It was the first UCI Road World Championships hosted in Africa.

A total of thirteen events were held, consisting of six road races, six individual time trials, and a team time trial mixed relay. This is the first year with a standalone women's U23 race; previously, the U23 winner was simply the highest-placed rider under 23 in the women's elite race.
Praia de Monte Clérigo
Praia do monte Clérigo is a beach within the municipality of Aljezur, in Algarve, Portugal. The beach is on the western Seaboard in the north west of the Algarve. The beach is 5.1 miles (8.2 km) north west of the village of Aljezur, and is 70.0 miles (112.7 km) north west, by road, from the regions capital of Faro. Praia do monte Clérigohas been designated a blue Flag beach (2012).

Boardwalk
A boardwalk (alternatively board walk, boarded path, or promenade) is an elevated footpath, walkway, or causeway typically built with wooden planks, which functions as a type of low water bridge or small viaduct that enables pedestrians to better cross wet, muddy or marshy lands. Such timber trackways have existed since at least Neolithic times.

In many seaside resort locations, boardwalks along the beach provide access to shops, hotels, and tourist attractions. The Jersey Shore in the United States is especially noted for its abundance of boardwalks.

Some wooden boardwalks have had sections replaced by concrete and even "a type of recycled plastic that looks like wood."
Østby Church
Østby Church (Norwegian: Østby kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Trysil Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the village of Østby, about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from the border with Sweden. It is the church for the Østby parish which is part of the Sør-Østerdal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Hamar. The white, wooden church was built in a long church design in 1940 using plans drawn up by the Norwegian Directorate of Public Construction and Property. The church seats about 100 people.

Trysil Municipality
Trysil is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Østerdalen. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Innbygda. Other villages in the municipality include Nybergsund, Østby, Plassen, and Tørberget.

The 3,014-square-kilometre (1,164 sq mi) municipality is the 15th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Trysil Municipality is the 152nd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 6,542. The municipality's population density is 2.2 inhabitants per square kilometre (5.7/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 0.8% over the previous 10-year period.
Barry Cooper (cricketer)
Barry George Cooper (born 30 November 1958) is a former New Zealand cricketer who played 62 first-class matches for Northern Districts in the 1980s and in the 1990s. He also played for Northland in the Hawke Cup.

Cooper was born in Whangārei and attended Whangārei Boys' High School. A right-handed batsman, he scored 2,982 runs at a batting average of 28.13 runs per innings in first class matches. The highest score of his four centuries, an unbeaten 116 runs, came against an England touring side in 1988. He took 26 wickets with his off breaks, with his only five wicket haul, 5 wickets for the cost of 40 runs, coming against Otago. He scored 2,009 runs in 80 list A one-day matches with one century and took 34 one day wickets. He played for Derbyshire Second XI in 1980 and 1981.

Cooper now coaches cricket in Whangārei. His son Henry has played for Northern Districts since the 2016/17 season.

Northern Districts men's cricket team
The Northern Districts cricket team is a men's cricket team that represents the northern half of New Zealand’s North Island (excluding Auckland). It is one of six major first-class cricket teams governed by New Zealand Cricket. The team competes in the Plunket Shield first-class competition, the Ford Trophy one-day competition, and the Men's Super Smash T20 competition. The T20 team is known as the Northern Brave (previously Northern Knights until the 2021–22 season.

Northern Districts were the last of New Zealand’s six major teams to gain first-class status, joining the Plunket Shield in the 1956–57 season. The association comprises six constituent districts: Northland Cricket Association, Counties Manukau Cricket Association, Waikato Valley Cricket, Hamilton Cricket Association, Bay of Plenty Cricket, and Poverty Bay Cricket Association.
Rhodoneura pudicula
Rhodoneura pudicula is a species of moth of the family Thyrididae. It is found in Thailand, West Sumatra, West Malaysia, Brunei, Borneo (Sabah), Kalimantan, Java, Bali, Sulawesi, West Papua and Papua New Guinea in lowlands and lower montane forests at altitudes below 1400 m. It is the type species of the genus Rhodoneura.

Thyrididae
The Thyrididae comprise the family of picture-winged leaf moths. They are the only family in the superfamily Thyridoidea, which sometimes has been included in the Pyraloidea, but this is not supported by cladistic analysis.

Most species live in the tropics and subtropics. They are colourful and often day-flying moths. There are four subfamilies. Their biology is little known. Thyridid specimens are rare in museum collections.
2023–24 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship
The 2023–24 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship was the 53rd staging of the All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county club Gaelic football tournament. The draws for the respective provincial championships took place at various stages. The competition ran from 21 October 2023 to 21 January 2024.

The defending champion was Kilmacud Crokes; however, the club lost to Glen in the All-Ireland Club SFC semi-final.

The final was played on 21 January 2024 at Croke Park in Dublin, between Glen and St Brigid's, in what was their first ever championship meeting. Glen won the match by 2–10 to 1–12 to claim a first title.

Castlehaven's Brian Hurley was the competition's top scorer, finishing with 1–27.

2022–23 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship
The 2022–23 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship was the 52nd staging of the All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county club Gaelic football tournament. The draws for the respective provincial championships took place at various stages between June and September 2022. The competition ran from 22 October 2022 to 22 January 2023.

The defending champion was Kilcoo; however, the club lost to Glen in the Ulster Club SFC final.

Kilmacud Crokes defeated Glen by 1–11 to 1–9 in the final at Croke Park to win the competition.

However, Kilmacud Crokes finished the game with an extra player on the pitch, causing significant controversy. The GAA ordered a replay of the final after Glen lodged an objection. After Kilmacud Crokes lodged an appeal against a replay, Glen withdrew from the appeals process, saying that they "do not believe the conditions exist for a replay"; this resulted in Kilmacud keeping the title.
Düsseldorf-Gerresheim station
Düsseldorf-Gerresheim station is a through station in the district of Gerresheim in the city of Düsseldorf in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The station was opened along with the Düsseldorf–Elberfeld railway from Düsseldorf to Erkrath by the Düsseldorf-Elberfeld Railway Company on 20 December 1838. It has two platform tracks and it is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 5 station. Its station building, which has been refurbished as Kulturbahnhof (culture station) is the oldest extant station building in Germany.

The station is served by Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn lines S8 between Mönchengladbach and Wuppertal-Oberbarmen or Hagen every 20 minutes, S28 between Mettmann Stadtwald or Wuppertal Hauptbahnhof and Kaarster See every 20 and several S68 services between Wuppertal-Vohwinkel and Langenfeld in the peak hour.

The station is also served by Stadtbahn line U73 and bus routes 730, 736, 736, and 737, all operated  by Rheinbahn.

S68 (Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn)
Line S 68 is an S-Bahn line on the Rhine-Ruhr network. It is operated by DB Regio. It was established on 13 December 2009. It is a relief service operating during peak hours on weekdays between Wuppertal-Vohwinkel and Langenfeld via Düsseldorf Hbf. It was operated using a double set of class 420. Since November 2022, operations have been suspended due to staff shortages.

Line S 68 runs:

from Wuppertal-Vohwinkel to Düsseldorf over the Düsseldorf–Elberfeld railway opened by the Düsseldorf-Elberfeld Railway Company between 1838 and 1841,

from Düsseldorf to Langenfeld over the Cologne–Duisburg railway, opened by the Cologne-Minden Railway Company in 1845.
Marcin Kazanowski
Marcin Kazanowski, (1563/66 – 19 October 1636) was a Polish noble and magnate.

Castellan of Halice from 1622, voivode of Podole Voivodeship from 1632 and Field Crown Hetman of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1633.

Married to Katarzyna Starzycka in 1600, he was the father of Dominik Aleksander Kazanowski (1605–1648), voivode of Bracław. His family, the Kazanowski family, descendants of Mediolan Comeses, founded the town of Kazanów in 1566.

Under Hetman Stanisław Koniecpolski, he was one of the commanding officers in the Battle of Górzno in 1629 against the Swedes.

The discovery legend of the Madonna Bołszowiecka relates that during one of the battles against Tatars, Hetman Kazanowski discovered the icon of the Blessed Virgin. This was viewed by his troops as a miracle and boosted their morale, leading to a victory.

Under King Władysław IV Vasa, he also participated in the wars against the Russian Tsardom.

Aleksander Dominik Kazanowski
Aleksander Dominik Kazanowski (1605 – February 1648), was a noble (szlachcic), magnate, voivode of Bracław Voivodeship in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

Before 6 November 1646 he became a voivode of Bracław.

He married Anna Potocka. They had two daughters: Helena and Marianna Kazanowska (1643–1687), wife of Stanisław Jan Jabłonowski.
Albert Barracks
The Albert Barracks was a major British military installation that overlooked Auckland, New Zealand, from the mid-1840s to 1870, during the city's early colonial period. The perimeter wall was built between 1846 and the early 1850s, in the area now bounded by Kitchener Street, Waterloo Quadrant, Symonds Street, and Wellesley Street East, according to Colonel Thomas Rawlings Mould's 1860 map of Defensible Works round Auckland. The site is now mostly occupied by Albert Park and the University of Auckland's City Campus, and Princes Street runs through the centre of it. All that remains of the barracks structures is part of the perimeter wall, which is on the university campus.

Wellesley Street, Auckland
Wellesley Street is a street in the Auckland City Centre, New Zealand, located between the south-east corner of Victoria Park and Grafton Road. The street is split into two sections at the junction of Queen Street, Wellesley Street West and Wellesley Street East.
Nordic green left
Nordic green left refers to a specific brand of socialism from the Nordic countries that incorporates elements of environmentalism and feminism. Nordic green left parties are organized in:

a subgroup of the European United Left–Nordic Green Left-group in the European parliament

an alliance of political parties called Nordic Green Left Alliance

Nordic Green Left Alliance
The Nordic Green Left Alliance (Swedish: Nordisk grön vänster; Finnish: Pohjoismaiden vihreän vasemmiston liitto; Danish: Nordisk Grønne Venstre Alliance; Norwegian: Nordisk Grønt Venstre Allianse; Icelandic: Norræna vinstri-græna bandalagið; NGLA) is a left-wing party group in the Nordic Council, founded in Reykjavík, Iceland, on 1 February 2004. Initially founded by five parties representing Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland and Iceland, in 2009 two other parties from Greenland and the Faroe Islands joined the NGLA.
HD 11506 b
HD 11506 b is an extrasolar planet that orbits the star HD 11506 167 light years away in the constellation of Cetus. This planet was discovered in 2007 by the N2K Consortium using the Keck telescope to detect the radial velocity variation of the star caused by the planet. A second planet, HD 11506 c, was discovered in 2015.

In 2022, the true mass and inclination of HD 11506 b were measured via astrometry, along with the discovery of a third planet in the system.

Cetus (constellation)
Cetus (/ˈsiːtəs/ SEE-təss) is a constellation, sometimes called 'the whale' in English. The Cetus was a sea monster in Greek mythology which both Perseus and Heracles needed to slay. Cetus is in the region of the sky that contains other water-related constellations: Aquarius, Pisces and Eridanus.
Ingalls Shipbuilding
Ingalls Shipbuilding is a shipyard located in Pascagoula, Mississippi, United States, originally established in 1938, and now part of HII. It is a producer of ships for the United States Navy, and, as of 2023, is the largest private employer in Mississippi.

USS Paul Ignatius
USS Paul Ignatius (DDG-117) is an Arleigh Burke-class (Flight IIA Technology Insertion) Aegis guided missile destroyer of the United States Navy. She is named for Paul Ignatius who served as United States Secretary of the Navy under President Lyndon Johnson from 1967 to 1969. Ignatius had previously served as a lieutenant in the Navy during World War II. Paul Ignatius is the second of eight planned Flight IIA "technology insertion" ships, which contain elements of the Flight III ships.

Paul Ignatius was launched on 12 November 2016, and was christened on 8 April 2017. She was commissioned on 27 July 2019 Port Everglades in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. The ship was sponsored by Ignatius's wife Nancy before her death and that role was taken over by their granddaughter, Dr. Elisa Ignatius. Paul Ignatius is homeported in Rota, Spain.
Wattle (anatomy)
A wattle is a fleshy caruncle hanging from various parts of the head or neck in several groups of birds and mammals. Caruncles in birds include those found on the face, wattles, dewlaps, snoods, and earlobes.  Wattles are generally paired structures but may occur as a single structure when it is sometimes known as a dewlap.  Wattles are frequently organs of sexual dimorphism. In some birds, caruncles are erectile tissue and may or may not have a feather covering.

Wattles are often such a striking morphological characteristic of animals that they feature in their common name.  For example, the southern and northern cassowaries are known as the double-wattled and single-wattled cassowary, respectively, and a breed of domestic pig is known as the Red Wattle.

Southern cassowary
The southern cassowary (Casuarius casuarius), also known as double-wattled cassowary, Australian cassowary, or two-wattled cassowary, is a large, flightless, mostly black bird, found in Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and northeastern Australia. It is one of the three living species of cassowary, alongside the dwarf cassowary and the northern cassowary. It is a ratite and therefore related to the emu, ostrich, rhea and kiwi.

The Australian population is listed as Endangered under federal and Queensland state legislation.