hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Obscurantism
In philosophy, obscurantism or obscurationism is the anti-intellectual practice of deliberately presenting information in an abstruse and imprecise manner that limits further inquiry and understanding of a subject. Obscurantism has been defined as opposition to the dissemination of knowledge and as writing characterized by deliberate vagueness.

In the 18th century, Enlightenment philosophers applied the term obscurantist to any enemy of intellectual enlightenment and the liberal diffusion of knowledge. In the 19th century, in distinguishing the varieties of obscurantism found in metaphysics and theology, from the "more subtle" obscurantism of the critical philosophy of Immanuel Kant and of modern philosophical skepticism, Friedrich Nietzsche said that: "The essential element in the black art of obscurantism is not that it wants to darken individual understanding, but that it wants to blacken our picture of the world, and darken our idea of existence."

Intellectual
An intellectual is a person who engages in critical thinking, research, and reflection about the nature of reality, especially the nature of society and proposed solutions for its normative problems. Coming from the world of culture, either as a creator or as a mediator, the intellectual participates in politics, either to defend a concrete proposition or to denounce an injustice, usually by either rejecting, producing or extending an ideology, and by defending a system of values.
Fulton County, Pennsylvania
Fulton County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 14,556, making it the fourth-least populous county in Pennsylvania. Its county seat is McConnellsburg. The county was created on April 19, 1850, from a part of Bedford County and named after inventor Robert Fulton. The county is part of the south-central region of the commonwealth.

Stratigraphy
Stratigraphy is a branch of geology concerned with the study of rock layers (strata) and layering (stratification). It is primarily used in the study of sedimentary and layered volcanic rocks.
Stratigraphy has three related subfields: lithostratigraphy (lithologic stratigraphy), biostratigraphy (biologic stratigraphy), and chronostratigraphy (stratigraphy by age).

Several principles and laws come into play when using stratigraphy such as Principle of original horizontality, Law of superposition, Cross-cutting relationships, Principle of inclusions, Principle of faunal succession.
Claude Bennett
Claude Frederick Bennett (September 19, 1936 – March 20, 2020) was a politician in Ontario, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1971 to 1987, and as cabinet minister in the governments of Bill Davis and Frank Miller. He was a Progressive Conservative Party member.

Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing (Ontario)
The Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing is the ministry of the Government of Ontario that is responsible for municipal affairs and housing in the Canadian province of Ontario. The Minister responsible is Rob Flack.
Gaborone United Ladies S.C.
Gaborone United Ladies S.C. is a women's professional soccer club based in Gaborone, Botswana. The team competes in the Botswana Women's Championship, the top tier women's football league in Botswana.

The team together with the men's team are owned by Nicolas Zakhem.

They won the 2025 COSAFA Women's Champions League becoming the first team from Botswana to win the title.

2024 CAF Women's Champions League COSAFA Qualifiers
The 2024  CAF Women's Champions League COSAFA Qualifiers is the 4th edition of the annual women's association football club championship organized by COSAFA for its nations. This edition will be held from August 15 to 24 in Blantyre, Malawi.

The winners of the tournament will qualify for the 2024 CAF Women's Champions League final tournament.
Glendale, Mississippi
Glendale is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located in Forrest County, Mississippi, United States. Glendale is approximately 3.5 miles (5.6 km) north of Hattiesburg on Mississippi Highway 42 and a part of the Hattiesburg, Mississippi Metropolitan Statistical Area.

As of the 2020 census, Glendale had a population of 1,681.

Hattiesburg metropolitan area
The Hattiesburg Metropolitan Statistical Area is a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) in southeastern Mississippi that covers three counties - Forrest, Lamar, and Perry. The MSA's principal city is Hattiesburg. The 2010 census placed the Hattiesburg MSA's population at 162,410, though estimates as of 2019 indicate the population has increased to 168,849. The area is part of the geographical region known as the Pine Belt, famous for its abundance of longleaf pine trees. The Hattiesburg MSA is part of the larger Hattiesburg-Laurel Combined Statistical Area.
2002 Speedway Grand Prix of Denmark
The 2002 Speedway Grand Prix of Denmark was the ninth round of the 2002 Speedway Grand Prix season (the world championship). It took place on 28 September 2002 at the Vojens Speedway Center in Vojens, Denmark.

It was the 8th time that the Speedway Grand Prix of Denmark had been held.

The Grand Prix was by the Swedish rider Tony Rickardsson (his 11th career Grand Prix win).

Speedway Grand Prix of Denmark
The Speedway Grand Prix of Denmark is a motorcycle speedway event that is a part of the Speedway Grand Prix series (the world championship).

The event was first held at the Vojens Speedway Center from 1995 to 2002 before switching to the Parken Stadium in Copenhagen from 2003 to 2014, while Vojens hosted the Speedway Grand Prix of Nordic. After four years at the CASA Arena in Horsens between 2015 and 2018, the event returned to Vojens in 2019.
2011 Copa Sudamericana final stages
The final stages of the 2011 Copa Bridgestone Sudamericana de Clubes consisted of four stages:

Round of 16 (first legs: September 28–29, October 5, 19; second legs: October 12, 19–20, 25–26)

Quarterfinals (first legs: November 1–3; second legs: November 9–10, 17)

Semifinals (first legs: November 23–24; second legs: November 29–30)

Finals (first leg: December 8; second leg: December 14)

Three points for a win
Three points for a win is a standard used in many sports leagues and group tournaments, especially in association football, in which 3 points are awarded to the team winning a match, with no points awarded to the losing team. If the game is drawn, each team receives 1 point. Many leagues and competitions originally awarded 2 points for a win and 1 point for a draw, before switching to the three points for a win system. The change is significant in league tables, where teams typically play 30–40 games per season. The system places additional value on wins compared to draws so that teams with a higher number of wins may rank higher in tables than teams with a lower number of wins but more draws.
Joanne S. Parrott
Joanne S. Parrott (née Kreider; September 11, 1940 – March 4, 2009) was an American politician from Maryland. She was elected as a member of Maryland House of Delegates, District 35A, which serves Harford County. She won one of two seats, along with Barry Glassman, defeating incumbent Michael G. Comeau and winning the seat left vacant by James M. Harkins, who was elected as Harford County Executive.  She served for about 8 years before being defeated in the Republican Primary by challenger Donna Stifler in 2006.

Michael G. Comeau
Michael G. Comeau (born July 13, 1956) is an attorney and former member of the Maryland House of Delegates where he represented District 35A. Comeau was appointed to the seat in 1997 due to the resignation of Donald C. Fry and served on the Judiciary Committee. He was elected in 1996 as a Delegate to the Democratic National Convention in Chicago representing the Second Congressional District for Maryland. He was also elected to the Harford County Democratic State Central Committee in 2002 and 2006 and served as Chair from 2003 until 2008 when he was appointed to the Harford County Board of Elections where he served until 2011. Comeau was the Democratic nominee for the Harford County Council, District D, in 2002 and was defeated by Republican Lance C. Miller.
Libanja
Libanja (pronounced [liˈbaːnja]) is a settlement in the hills north of Ormož in northeastern Slovenia. The area belongs to the traditional Styria region and is now included in the Drava Statistical Region.

There is a small chapel with a belfry in the settlement. It was built in the early 20th century.

The railway line from Maribor to Murska Sobota runs through the settlement.

Ormož
Ormož (pronounced [ˈóːɾmɔʃ] ⓘ; in older sources Ormuš, Hungarian: Ormosd, German: Friedau, Prekmurje Slovene: Ormošd) is a town in the traditional region of Prlekija, part of Styria, in northeastern Slovenia. It lies on the left bank of the Drava River and borders with Croatia on the opposite bank of the river. It is the administrative seat of the Municipality of Ormož.
2016 Hong Kong Sevens
The 2016 Hong Kong Sevens was the 41st edition of the Hong Kong Sevens tournament, and the seventh tournament of the 2015–16 World Rugby Sevens Series. The tournament was played on 8–10 April 2016 at Hong Kong Stadium in Hong Kong.

It was won by Fiji.

Hong Kong Sevens
The Hong Kong Sevens (Chinese: 香港國際七人欖球賽) is a rugby sevens tournament held annually in Hong Kong on a weekend in late March or early April. Considered the premier tournament on the World Rugby Sevens Series competition, the Hong Kong Sevens is currently the fifth tournament on the World Series calendar (following the Canada Sevens). The tournament spans three days, beginning on a Friday and concluding on Sunday. The tournament is organised each year by the Hong Kong Rugby Union (HKRU). Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the tournament was cancelled in 2020 and 2021. The latest Hong Kong Rugby Sevens was held from 28 to 30 March 2025 at Kai Tak Stadium.
Korean language and computers
The writing system of the Korean language is a syllabic alphabet of character parts (jamo) organized into character blocks representing syllables. The character parts cannot be written from left to right on the computer, as in many Western languages. Every possible syllable in Korean would have to be rendered as syllabic blocks by a font, or each character part would have to be encoded separately. Unicode has both options; the character parts ㅎ (h) and ㅏ (a), and the combined syllable 하 (ha), are encoded.

KS X 1001
KS X 1001, "Code for Information Interchange (Hangul and Hanja)", formerly called KS C 5601, is a South Korean coded character set standard to represent Hangul and Hanja characters on a computer.

KS X 1001 is encoded by the most common legacy (pre-Unicode) character encodings for Korean, including EUC-KR and Microsoft's Unified Hangul Code (UHC). It contains Korean Hangul syllables, CJK ideographs (Hanja), Greek, Cyrillic, Japanese (Hiragana and Katakana) and some other characters.

KS X 1001 is arranged as a 94×94 table, following the structure of 2-byte code words in ISO 2022 and EUC. Therefore, its code points are pairs of integers 1–94. However, some encodings (UHC and Johab), in addition to providing codes for every code point, provide additional codes for characters otherwise representable only as code point sequences.
Major League Baseball on television in the 1950s
In 1950 the Mutual Broadcasting System acquired the television and radio broadcast rights to the World Series and All-Star Game for the next six years. Mutual may have been reindulging in dreams of becoming a television network or simply taking advantage of a long-standing business relationship; in either case, the broadcast rights were sold to NBC in time for the following season's games at an enormous profit.

1958 Los Angeles Dodgers season
The 1958 Los Angeles Dodgers season was the 69th season for the Los Angeles Dodgers franchise in Major League Baseball (MLB), their 1st season in Los Angeles, California, and their 1st season playing their home games at Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum in Los Angeles California. The Dodgers took the field before 78,672 fans at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum on April 18, 1958, to usher in the beginning of the team's new home in Los Angeles. It was a rough season, as the Dodgers finished 21 games in back of the pennant-winning Milwaukee Braves in the National League standings, but it was the beginning of the second phase for the team. Vin Scully and company moved to KTTV (television) and KMPC (radio) from that year onward, and the Dodgers became one of the first teams that commenced Spanish language radio broadcasts for Latinos, with KWKW as the first station to offer a Spanish-language service.
Voluntary reservist (Spain)
A voluntary reservist (Spanish: Reservista voluntario) of the Armed Forces of Spain is a Spanish citizen who manages to obtain one of the places that are offered by the Ministry of Defense in order to participate in the different missions carried out by the Armed Forces in the commitments assumed by the Government of Spain.

A reservist maintains their commitment for three years, with the possibility to re-sign for new commitments, provided that the following ages are not exceeded:

up to 61 years for Officers and NCOs;

up to 58 years for Enlisted.

The Voluntary Reservist remains for the duration of their commitment in a situation of "availability", developing their "civil" life and profession, and passing annually through periods of "activation" that serve to maintain and improve their military qualification and training.

Spanish Armed Forces
The Spanish Armed Forces are in charge of guaranteeing the sovereignty and independence of the Kingdom of Spain, defending its territorial integrity and the constitutional order, according to the functions entrusted to them by the Constitution of 1978. They are composed of: the Army, the Air and Space Force, the Navy, the Royal Guard, and the Military Emergencies Unit, as well as the so-called Common Corps.

Spain occupies a prominent position in the structure of NATO, which it joined in 1982. Nevertheless, it spends less than the minimum of 2% of GDP on defence recommended by NATO.

Spain has the oldest Marine Infantry in the world and the oldest permanent military units in the world: the Infantry Regiment "Inmemorial del Rey" No. 1 and the Infantry Regiment "Soria" No. 9.
2020 GT4 America Series
The 2020 Pirelli GT4 America Series was the second season of the GT4 America Series. The series is split into a Sprint series, which features 50-minute races with one driver per car, and a SprintX series, which features one-hour races with two drivers per car and a mandatory driver change during Pit stops. The season begins on 7 March at Circuit of the Americas and ends on 3 October at Indianapolis Motor Speedway.

GT4 America Series
The GT4 America Series is a sports car racing series based in the United States. In 2019, the series was relaunched with the explicit GT4 title, following the alignment in 2017 of the Pirelli World Challenge series "GTS" class with SRO GT4, and the Stéphane Ratel Organisation assuming control of the series in May 2018.  It is a GT World Challenge America support series, managed by SRO and sanctioned by the United States Auto Club.
Exposure latitude
Exposure latitude is the extent to which a light-sensitive material can be exposed (overexposed or underexposed) and still achieve an acceptable result. It is relevant to both digital and analogue processes such as photolithography and photography.

Exposure (photography)
In photography, exposure is the amount of light per unit area reaching a frame of photographic film or the surface of an electronic image sensor. It is determined by exposure time, lens f-number, and scene luminance. Exposure is measured in units of lux-seconds (symbol lx⋅s), and can be computed from exposure value (EV) and scene luminance in a specified region.

An "exposure" is a single shutter cycle. For example, a long exposure refers to a single, long shutter cycle to gather enough dim light, whereas a multiple exposure involves a series of shutter cycles, effectively layering a series of photographs in one image. The accumulated photometric exposure (Hv) is the same so long as the total exposure time is the same.
Rachel Atherton
Rachel Laura Atherton (born 6 December 1987) is a British professional downhill mountain bike racer, and is a multiple time UCI World Champion.

Atherton began riding BMX at the age of 8 and mountain biking at the age of 11. She was both Sunday Times' Sportswoman of the Year and BBC Midlands Junior Sportswoman of the Year in 2005, and then BBC Midlands Sportswoman of the Year in 2008. In October 2015, a video of Atherton overtaking 91 competitors in five minutes during a race went viral.

UCI Mountain Bike World Championships
The UCI Mountain Bike World Championships are the world championship events for mountain bike racing in the disciplines of cross country, downhill, and four-cross. They are organized by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI), the governing body of world cycling.

The first three finishers in each discipline at the World Championships are awarded gold, silver, and bronze medals. The winner of each discipline is also entitled to wear the rainbow jersey in events of the same discipline until the following year's World Championships. Unlike other UCI-sanctioned mountain-bike races, the competitors in the World Championships represent national rather than commercial teams. The World Championships are usually held towards the end of the season.
NGC 5806
NGC 5806 is an intermediate spiral galaxy in the constellation Virgo. It was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel on 24 February 1786. It is located about 70 million light-years (21 Megaparsecs) away from the Milky Way. It is a member of the NGC 5846 Group.

Virgo (constellation)
Virgo is one of the constellations of the zodiac. The name means "maiden" in Latin and its traditional astrological symbol is . Between Leo to the west and Libra to the east, lying in the south, it is the second-largest constellation in the sky (after Hydra) and the largest constellation in the zodiac. The ecliptic intersects the celestial equator within this constellation and Pisces. Underlying these technical two definitions, the sun passes directly overhead of the equator, within this constellation, at the September equinox. Virgo can be easily found through its brightest star, Spica, (in Latin "grain headed").
Michael I. Yarymovych
Michael Ihor Yarymovych (born October 13, 1933) is President of Sarasota Space Associates, an aerospace consultant providing services to the aerospace industry and government. He is Senior Fellow of the United States Air Force Scientific Advisory Board (SAB) and has served on numerous SAB and Defense Science Board studies.

Energy Research and Development Administration
The United States Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA) was a United States government organization formed from the split of the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) in 1975. It assumed the functions of the AEC not assumed by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.

The agency was created as part of the Energy Reorganization Act of 1974, which was passed on October 11, 1974, in the wake of the 1973 oil crisis. The act split the Atomic Energy Commission into two new agencies: the Nuclear Regulatory Commission would regulate the commercial nuclear power industry, while the ERDA would manage the energy research and development, nuclear weapons, and naval reactors programs.

The Energy Research and Development Administration was established on January 19, 1975. The first administrator was Robert Seamans, followed by Robert W. Fri.

In 1977, ERDA was merged with the Federal Energy Administration to form the United States Department of Energy.
Varsity Spirit
Varsity Spirit, LLC, also known as Varsity, is an American cheerleading company owned by Varsity Brands. Founded in 1974 as the Universal Cheerleaders Association, the company is a manufacturer of apparel for cheerleading and dance teams, organizer of cheerleading competitions, and operator of training camps and sanctioning bodies.

The company's vertical integration of competitive cheerleading has faced criticism, including accusations of anti-competitive and monopolistic practices (such as opposition to cheerleading being sanctioned as a sport), conflicts of interest via control of governing bodies, and institutionalizing high financial costs for participation in competitive cheerleading. In 2023 and 2024, Varsity and its previous owners agreed to settle multiple class action lawsuits, including those surrounding high financial costs, and conflicts of interest with the U.S. All Star Federation.

Macfadden Communications Group
Macfadden Communications Group is a publisher of business magazines. It has a historical link with a company started in 1898 by Bernarr Macfadden that was one of the largest magazine publishers of the twentieth century.
Geoffrey Scott (architectural historian)
Geoffrey Scott (11 June 1884 – 14 August 1929) was an English scholar and poet, known as a historian of architecture. His biography of Isabelle de Charrière entitled The Portrait of Zelide won the 1925 James Tait Black Memorial Prize.

James Tait Black Memorial Prize
The James Tait Black Memorial Prizes are literary prizes awarded for literature written in the English language. They, along with the Hawthornden Prize, are Britain's oldest literary awards. Based at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland, United Kingdom, the prizes were founded in 1919 by Janet Coats Black in memory of her late husband, James Tait Black, a partner in the publishing house of A & C Black Ltd. Prizes are awarded in two categories: Fiction and Biography. A Drama prize was awarded from 2013-2019.
Luquan Yi and Miao Autonomous County
Luquan Yi and Miao Autonomous County is an autonomous county, under the jurisdiction of Kunming, Yunnan, China, bordering Sichuan province to the north. As of the 2020 census the population was 378,881.

The county seat has two bus stations. The first is the long-distance Kunming-Luquan bus station, near the access to the G108 highway. The second is the local public bus station behind the Wuxinglu street market, with buses north to Maoshan, Tuanjie, Zhongping and Sayingpan, south to Songde, east to Cuihua and west to Wuding County.

Luquan County borders Xundian County and Dongchuan District to the east, Fumin County to the south, Wuding County to the west, and Huili and Huidong County of Sichuan across the Jinsha River to the north.

Yi people
The Yi or Nuosu people (Nuosu: ꆈꌠ, [nɔ̄sū]; Chinese: 彝族; pinyin: Yízú; see also § Names and subgroups) are an ethnic group in southern China. Numbering nine million people, they are the sixth largest of the 55 ethnic minority groups recognized by the Chinese government. They live primarily in rural areas of Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, and Guangxi, usually in mountainous regions. The Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture is home to the largest population of Yi people within China, with two million Yi people in the region. In neighbouring Vietnam, as of 2019, there are 4,827 Lô Lô people (a subgroup of the Yi) living in the Hà Giang, Cao Bằng, and Lào Cai provinces, in the country's north.

The Yi speak various Loloish languages, closely related to Burmese. The prestige variety is Nuosu, which is written in the Yi script.
Poa palustris
Poa palustris (fowl bluegrass, fowl meadowgrass, swamp meadowgrass, woodland bluegrass) is a species of grass native to Asia, Europe and Northern America. This plant is used as fodder and forage, and it also used for erosion control or revegetation.

Forage
Forage is a plant material (mainly plant leaves and stems) eaten by grazing livestock. Historically, the term forage has meant only plants eaten by the animals directly as pasture, crop residue, or immature cereal crops, but it is also used more loosely to include similar plants cut for fodder and carried to the animals, especially as hay or silage.

While the term forage has a broad definition, the term forage crop is used to define crops, annual or biennial, which are grown to be utilized by grazing or harvesting as a whole crop.