hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alexander Ludwig (footballer, born 1993)
Alexander Ludwig (born 30 June 1993) is a Danish professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Danish 1st Division club AC Horsens.

After playing in the youth academies of various clubs in the Copenhagen area, Ludwig made his senior debut for FC Midtjylland in 2011. He would then go on to become a regular starter for Vendsyssel and HB Køge in the Danish 1st Division, the second tier of the Danish football league system, before returning to top tier football at AC Horsens in 2017. Strong performances led to him being picked up by Odense Boldklub, but after a disappointing season where he was benched after suffering a knee injury halfway through the season, Ludwig returned to Horsens in August 2019.

AC Horsens
Alliance Club Horsens (Danish: [æliˈɑŋsə ˈkʰlup ˈhɒːsn̩s]), commonly referred to as AC Horsens (Danish: [ɛˀˈse̝ˀ ˈhɒːsn̩s]) or simply Horsens, is a Danish professional football club based in Horsens, Central Denmark Region. Founded in 1994, as a superstructure on Horsens fS (founded 1915), Stensballe IK and FC Horsens, the club competes in the Danish 1st Division, the second tier of the Danish football league system. Both Stensballe IK and FC Horsens has later left the cooperation, and only Horsens fS remains.
Ashton-in-Makerfield
Ashton-in-Makerfield is a market town in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan, Greater Manchester, England, 4 miles (6.4 km) south of Wigan. As of the 2021 census, there was a population of 26,380.

Historically part of Lancashire, Ashton-in-Makerfield was a township in the parish of Newton-in-Makerfield (as Newton-le-Willows was once known), Winwick and hundred of West Derby. With neighbouring Haydock, Ashton-in-Makerfield was a chapelry, but the two were split in 1845. The place has long been a centre for the manufacture of locks and hinges, and it also sits on the Lancashire Coalfield, and was a coal mining district.

Winwick, Cheshire
Winwick is a village and civil parish in the Borough of Warrington, Cheshire, England. Located within the historic boundaries of Lancashire, it is situated about three miles north of Warrington town centre, nearby is junction 22 of the M6 and Junction 9 of the M62. Winwick also borders Newton-le-Willows and Burtonwood.

According to the 2001 Census, the civil parish had a population of 4,366.
Westminster Magistrates' Court
Westminster Magistrates' Court is a magistrates' court at 181 Marylebone Road, London. The Chief Magistrate of England and Wales, who is the Senior District Judge of England and Wales, sits at the court, and all extradition and terrorism-related cases pass through it. The court opened on 22 September 2011 as a replacement for the City of Westminster Magistrates' Court.

Judiciary of England and Wales
There are various levels of judiciary in England and Wales—different types of courts have different styles of judges. They also form a strict hierarchy of importance, in line with the order of the courts in which they sit, so that judges of the Court of Appeal of England and Wales are given more weight than district judges sitting in the County Court and magistrates' courts. On 1 April 2020 there were 3,174 judges in post in England and Wales. Some judges with United Kingdom-wide jurisdiction also sit in England and Wales, particularly Justices of the United Kingdom Supreme Court and members of the tribunals judiciary.

By statute, judges are guaranteed continuing judicial independence.

There have been multiple calls from both Welsh academics and politicians, however, for a distinct Welsh criminal justice system.

The following is a list of the various types of judges who sit in the courts of England and Wales:
Moshe Sofer (II)
Moshe Sofer (II) (May 10, 1885 – June 12, 1944) (German; Moses Schreiber) was a prominent Orthodox Jewish (Charedi) Rabbi in the early 20th century. He was Dayan of Erlau, Hungary and author of a halachic responsa sefer named Yad Sofer.

He was the son of Rabbi Shimon Sofer (II) (Hisorerus Tshuva), grandson of Rabbi Avraham Shmuel Binyamin Sofer (Ksav Sofer) and great-grandson of Rabbi Moshe Sofer (Chasam Sofer).

He was the father of Rabbi Yochanan Sofer, the rebbe of Erlau until his death in 2016.

He was murdered at Auschwitz during the Holocaust.

Avraham Shmuel Binyamin Sofer
Avraham Shmuel Binyamin Sofer (German: Abraham Samuel Benjamin Schreiber), also known by his main work Ksav Sofer or Ketav Sofer (trans. Writ of the Scribe), (1815–1871), was one of the leading rabbis of Hungarian Jewry in the second half of the nineteenth century and rosh yeshiva of the famed Pressburg Yeshiva.
Arron Asham
Arron Miles Asham (born April 13, 1978) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player who played 15 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). Over his 15 seasons, he played for 6 different teams.

Mariusz Czerkawski
Mariusz Krzysztof Czerkawski (pronounced [ˈmarjuʂ t͡ʂɛrˈkafskʲi]; born 13 April 1972) is a Polish former professional ice hockey player. He played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Boston Bruins, Edmonton Oilers, New York Islanders, Montreal Canadiens and Toronto Maple Leafs. In addition to playing in the NHL, Czerkawski played for several different European-based teams. A consistent scorer, Czerkawski was the first player born and trained in Poland to play in the NHL. Internationally, Czerkawski represented Poland in several tournaments, including the 1992 Winter Olympics and the 1992 and 2002 World Championships.
Root system
In mathematics, a root system is a configuration of vectors in a Euclidean space satisfying certain geometrical properties. The concept is fundamental in the theory of Lie groups and Lie algebras, especially the classification and representation theory of semisimple Lie algebras. Since Lie groups (and some analogues such as algebraic groups) and Lie algebras have become important in many parts of mathematics during the twentieth century, the apparently special nature of root systems belies the number of areas in which they are applied.  Further, the classification scheme for root systems, by Dynkin diagrams, occurs in parts of mathematics with no overt connection to Lie theory (such as singularity theory).  Finally, root systems are important for their own sake, as in spectral graph theory.

Simple Lie algebra
In algebra, a simple Lie algebra is a Lie algebra that is non-abelian and contains no nonzero proper ideals. The classification of real simple Lie algebras is one of the major achievements of Wilhelm Killing and Élie Cartan.

A direct sum of simple Lie algebras is called a semisimple Lie algebra.

A simple Lie group is a connected Lie group whose Lie algebra is simple.
Crazy Loka
Crazy Loka is a 2012 Kannada film starring V. Ravichandran and Daisy Bopanna. The film is directed by Kavita Lankesh and produced by Confident Group and Shanti Pictures. Manikanth Kadri is the music director for the film.

Manikanth Kadri
Manikanth Kadri  is an Indian film score, soundtrack composer and singer. He has predominantly scored music for Kannada and Tulu as well as several Telugu, Malayalam, and Tamil films.  He is the son of saxophonist Kadri Gopalnath.
Gerald Forsythe
Gerald (Jerry) R. Forsythe (born in Marshall, Illinois in 1942) is an American businessman and auto racing magnate, best known for being one of the three men (Kevin Kalkhoven and Paul Gentilozzi are the other two) that owned the Champ Car World Series. Forsythe also owned a racing team, Forsythe Championship Racing, that competed in the Champ Car series. In the area of numismatics, Jerry Forsythe is known for owning the finest 1913 Liberty Head nickel and the number one ranked sets for mint state and proof Liberty Nickels as ranked in the PCGS Set Registry.

Professional Coin Grading Service
Professional Coin Grading Service (PCGS) is an American third-party coin grading, authentication, attribution, and encapsulation service founded in 1985. The intent of its seven founding dealers, including the firm's former president David Hall, was to standardize grading. The firm has divisions in Europe and Asia, and is owned by parent company Collectors Universe. PCGS has graded over 42.5 million coins, medals, and tokens valued at over $36 billion.
2022 Nueva Vizcaya local elections
Local elections were held in the province of Nueva Vizcaya on May 9, 2022, as part of the Philippine general election. Voters selected candidates for all Local positions: a Municipal Mayor, Municipal Vice Mayor and Municipal Councilors, as well as Members of the Sangguniang Panlalawigan, the Governor, the Vice Governor, and a Representative for the lone district of Nueva Vizcaya to the House of Representatives. Those elected took their respective offices on June 30, 2022, for a three-year term. 252,486 of 296,233 registered voters voted in this election.

Incumbent Governor Carlos Padilla was re-elected for his third and final term, while former Vice Governor Jose Gambito successfully reclaimed his former seat. Incumbent Representative Luisa Lloren–Cuaresma also won her third and final term for Congress.

Luisa Cuaresma
Luisa "Banti" Lloren Cuaresma (born January 18, 1955) is a Filipina politician who served as the representative of the lone district of Nueva Vizcaya from 2016 to 2025. Previously, she served as governor of Nueva Vizcaya from 2004 until 2013 and vice-governor from 1998 until 2004. She is the province's fourth female governor.
2027 UEFA European Under-19 Championship qualification
The 2027 UEFA European Under-19 Championship qualification is an under-19 men's national football team competition that will determine the seven teams joining the automatically qualified hosts Czech Republic in the 2027 UEFA European Under-19 Championship final tournament.

Russia were excluded from the tournament due to the ongoing invasion of Ukraine. Therefore, excluding the host Czech Republic, 54 teams entered this qualification competition, which consists of the Round 1 played in September–November 2026, followed by the Round 2 played in spring 2027.

2027 UEFA European Under-19 Championship
The 2027 UEFA European Under-19 Championship will be the 24th edition of the UEFA European Under-19 Championship (74th edition if the Under-18 and Junior era is also included), the annual international youth football championship organised by UEFA for the men's under-19 national teams of Europe. Israel, which were originally selected by UEFA on 26 September 2023, to host the tournament, were replaced by Czech Republic on 4 December 2025 due to the Gaza war. A total of 8 teams will play in the tournament, with players born on or after 1 January 2008 eligible to participate.
Seth Brundle
Dr. Seth Brundle, also known as Brundlefly, is a fictional character and the tragic hero in David Cronenberg's 1986 remake of The Fly. He is played by Jeff Goldblum. Brundle was the third of Goldblum's "nerdy scientist" roles and is one of his most famous roles to date.

The character of Brundle was played by Daniel Okulitch in Howard Shore's 2008 opera The Fly in its premiere at the Théâtre du Châtelet in Paris.

The Fly II
The Fly II is a 1989 American science fiction horror film directed by Chris Walas. The film stars Eric Stoltz and Daphne Zuniga, and is a sequel to the 1986 film The Fly, itself a remake of the 1958 film of the same name. Stoltz's character in this sequel is the adult son of Veronica Quaife and Seth Brundle, a scientist who became a human-fly hybrid as a result of an experiment gone awry, played by Jeff Goldblum in the 1986 remake. With the exception of footage of Goldblum from the first film, John Getz was the only actor to reprise his role, with another actress filling the Geena Davis role as Quaife in the opening birth scene. Unlike the previous film, this film received negative reviews and grossed less at the box office than its predecessor.
Nosipho Makamba-Botya
Nosipho Makamba-Botya is a South African politician who served as a member of the National Assembly of South Africa from June 2023 until May 2024, and represented the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF). She previously served as an EFF councillor in the City of Cape Town and before that as a Member of the Western Cape Provincial Parliament. She became an MPP in May 2019 and served as the party's chief whip. Makamba-Botya was also the deputy chairperson of the EFF in the province.

On 28 January 2023, Makamba-Botya alongside fellow EFF MPP Melikhaya Xego resigned from the provincial parliament. She was subsequently sworn in as a City of Cape Town councillor on 14 February 2023. After a short tenure in council, Makamba-Botya was sworn in as a Member of the National Assembly on 14 June 2023.

City of Cape Town
The City of Cape Town (Afrikaans: Stad Kaapstad; Xhosa: Isixeko saseKapa) is a metropolitan municipality that forms the local government of Cape Town and surrounding areas.  As of 2022 it has a population of 4,772,846.
Grace Edwards (producer)
Grace Nkenge Edwards is an American writer, producer, and actress. She has written for Loosely Exactly Nicole, Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt, and Insecure. Edwards is the creator of the Daria spinoff film Jodie, which currently is seeking a studio.

Loosely Exactly Nicole
Loosely Exactly Nicole (stylized as *Loosely Exactly Nicole) is an American comedy television series created by Christian Lander and Christine Zander that stars Nicole Byer and premiered on September 5, 2016, on MTV. After MTV cancelled the series, Facebook Watch picked up the show for a second season that premiered on December 20, 2017.
Hypotrachyna catawbiensis
Hypotrachyna catawbiensis, the powder-tipped antler lichen, is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. First described in 1941, it forms pale ivory to greenish-gray leaf-like growths that attach loosely to tree bark or rocks. The lichen has narrow, forking lobes that often curl inward, and produces powdery structures called soredia for asexual reproduction. Though originally discovered in the Appalachian Mountains of the eastern United States, it has since been found across tropical and temperate regions worldwide, including Mexico, South America, East Africa, China, and Papua New Guinea. It usually grows at high elevations. Genetic studies have shown that despite this widely scattered distribution, populations from different continents belong to the same species. It typically grows as an epiphyte (an organism that grows on other plants) on hardwood trees, though it can also be found on conifers and rocks.

Hardwood
Hardwood is wood from angiosperm trees. These are usually found in broad-leaved temperate and tropical forests. In temperate and boreal latitudes they are mostly deciduous, but in tropics and subtropics mostly evergreen. Hardwood (which comes from angiosperm trees) contrasts with softwood (which is from gymnosperm trees).
2012–13 Taça de Portugal
The 2012–13 Taça de Portugal was the 73rd season of the Taça de Portugal, the premier Portuguese football knockout cup competition organized by the Portuguese Football Federation (FPF). It was contested by a total of 162 teams competing in the top four tiers of Portuguese football. The competition began with the first round matches in August 2012 and concluded with the final on 26 May 2013, at the Estádio Nacional in Oeiras.

Vitória de Guimarães were the winners, following their 2–1 defeat of Benfica. They secured their first title in the competition after five previous failed attempts and became the twelfth team to win the Taça de Portugal – the first first-time winners since Beira-Mar in 1999. With this victory, Vitória de Guimarães qualified for the 2013–14 UEFA Europa League group stage.

Académica de Coimbra were the defending champions after defeating Sporting CP 1–0 in the previous season's final, but were eliminated in the quarter-finals by Benfica.

Estádio Nacional
The Estádio Nacional (English: National Stadium), also known as Centro Desportivo Nacional do Jamor (English: Jamor National Sports Centre), is a football stadium. It is located in the civil parish of Algés, Linda-a-Velha e Cruz Quebrada-Dafundo, in the municipality of Oeiras, in the southwestern part of Lisbon District.

The Portugal national team played 46 matches at the stadium from 1945 to 1987, then played additional friendlies in 1999, 2003, 2014 and 2024. The venue was used by B-SAD from 2018 to 2022 and by Casa Pia A.C. in 2022–23, both as a temporary home ground in the Primeira Liga.

The stadium hosted the first ever UEFA club game on 4 September 1955 between Primeira Divisão's third-placed team, Sporting CP, and the Yugoslav champions, Serbian side Partizan Belgrade. It ended as a 3–3 draw and was the first game to be played of the first edition of the European Cup.
Governor of Kayseri
The Governor of Kayseri (Turkish: Kayseri Valiliği) is the bureaucratic state official responsible for both national government and state affairs in the Province of Kayseri. Similar to the Governors of the 80 other Provinces of Turkey, the Governor of Kayseri is appointed by the Government of Turkey and is responsible for the implementation of government legislation within Kayseri. The Governor is also the most senior commander of both the Kayseri provincial police force and the Kayseri Gendarmerie.

Gendarmerie General Command
The Gendarmerie General Command (Turkish: Jandarma Genel Komutanlığı) is the national gendarmerie force of Turkey. It is a service branch of the Ministry of Interior responsible for the maintenance of the public order in areas that fall outside the jurisdiction of the General Directorate of Security (generally in rural areas), as well as assuring internal security along with carrying out other specific duties assigned to it by certain laws and regulations. 
The Commander of the Gendarmerie reports to the Minister of the Interior.

The Gendarmerie has its roots in the Ottoman Empire military law enforcement organization "Subaşı" (later known as the "Zaptiye"). A similar, earlier force called "Şurta" existed during the medieval Seljuk Empire.
Željko Burić
Željko Burić (pronounced [ʒêːʎko bûːritɕ] (listenⓘ); born 15 July 1955) is a Croatian ophthalmologist and politician who has been serving as the mayor of Šibenik since 2013. Before taking mayoral office, he served as the director of the General Hospital of Šibenik-Knin County in Šibenik.

Šibenik-Knin County
Šibenik-Knin County (pronounced [ʃîbeniːk-knîːn]; Croatian: Šibensko-kninska županija [ʃîbensko-knîːnskaː ʒupǎnija]) is a county in southern Croatia, located in the north-central part of Dalmatia. The biggest city in the county is Šibenik, which also serves as county seat. Other notable towns in the county are Knin, Vodice, Drniš and Skradin.

The county covers 2984 km2. It includes 242 islands and national parks, Krka and Kornati.
Henry Spencer Swift Jr.
Henry Spencer Swift Jr. (1838 - April 19, 1863) was an early settler of Edgerton, Wisconsin and Officer in the Union Army in the American Civil War. Swift was the first person from Edgerton to be killed in the American Civil War.

Edgerton, Wisconsin
Edgerton is a city in Rock and Dane counties in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. The population was 5,945 at the 2020 census, of which 5,799 were in Rock County and 146 were in Dane County. Edgerton was historically known as "Tobacco City U.S.A." because of the importance of tobacco growing in the region.
Tom (ship)
Several vessels have been named Tom:

Tom (1771 ship) was launched in 1771 in Britain. Between 1778 and 1792 she was a West Indiaman, trading between Lancaster and Jamaica, St Lucia, and Grenada. New owners in 1792 sailed Tom as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. She was condemned in 1794 at Barbados after having delivered the captives she had acquired in the Cameroons.

Tom (1792 ship) (or Toms) was launched in 1780 in America, possibly under another name. She first appeared in British records in 1792. From 1792 Tom participated as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. She made two complete voyages from Liverpool. French frigates captured her in 1794 before she could acquire any slaves.

Tom (1798 ship) was launched at Whitby in 1798 as a West Indiaman. New owners in 1802 resulted in Tom becoming a whaler in the southern whale fishery. The Spanish seized her in 1805 off Peru.

Slave ship
Slave ships were large cargo ships specially built or converted from the 17th to the 19th century for transporting slaves. Such ships were also known as "Guineamen" because the trade involved human trafficking to and from the Guinea coast in West Africa.
Bengt Odevall
Bengt Odevall (24 January 1921 – 18 February 2006), was a Swedish diplomat. Odevall began his career in 1945 as an attaché at Sweden's Ministry for Foreign Affairs after completing his law degree at Uppsala University. Over his career, he held multiple prominent posts abroad, including in Madrid, New York City, and London, and later as consul general in Minneapolis. He was appointed ambassador to Brazil in 1970. Following his work in Brazil, he served as ambassador in Tokyo from 1975 to 1981, Seoul from 1975 to 1979, and his final post was in Bern from 1982 to 1987. In addition to his diplomatic roles, he led Swedish delegations in major international negotiations and represented Sweden in trade and arbitration, showcasing his expertise in both diplomacy and international trade.

Ministry for Foreign Affairs (Sweden)
The Ministry for Foreign Affairs (Swedish: Utrikesdepartementet, UD) is a ministry in the Government of Sweden responsible for policies related to foreign policy, democracy, human rights, international development cooperation and foreign trade.

The ministry is currently headed by the minister for foreign affairs, Maria Malmer Stenergard of the Moderate Party.
Portugal in the Eurovision Song Contest 1966
Portugal was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1966 with the song "Ele e ela", written by Carlos Canelhas, and performed by Madalena Iglésias. The Portuguese participating broadcaster, Radiotelevisão Portuguesa (RTP), selected its entry at the Grande Prémio TV da Canção Portuguesa 1966.

Rádio e Televisão de Portugal
Rádio e Televisão de Portugal (RTP) is the public service broadcasting organisation of Portugal. It operates four national television channels and three national radio stations, as well as several satellite and cable offerings.

The current company dates from 2007, with the merger of two previously separate companies Radiodifusão Portuguesa (RDP; the radio broadcaster) and Radiotelevisão Portuguesa (television broadcaster), although they had been grouped under a single holding company and common branding since 2004.

RTP is funded by a broadcasting contribution tax which is incorporated in electricity bills, and by advertising revenues.
Mekale McKay
Mekale McKay (born August 4, 1993) is an American former professional football wide receiver. He is the current head coach at Marion C. Moore School. He was a member of the Indianapolis Colts, Jacksonville Jaguars, Denver Broncos, Tennessee Titans, Chicago Bears, and Dallas Cowboys of the National Football League (NFL), the San Antonio Commanders of the Alliance of American Football (AAF), the New York Guardians of the XFL, and the Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He played college football at the University of Arkansas before transferring to the University of Cincinnati.

Alliance of American Football
The Alliance of American Football (AAF) was a professional American football minor league. The AAF consisted of eight centrally owned and operated teams in the southern and western United States, seven of which were located in metropolitan areas with at least one major professional sports franchise. It positioned itself as an "upper-level minor league" serving as a transition between the college game and the NFL.

Founded by Charlie Ebersol and Bill Polian in 2018, the AAF began play on February 9, 2019. The league was scheduled to have a 10-week regular season and conclude with a championship game on April 27. After eight weeks of play, however, the league's football operations were suspended by controlling owner Thomas Dundon on April 2. Two days later, the AAF allowed players to leave their contracts to sign with NFL teams. The AAF filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy on April 17, 2019, with the league's sole season left incomplete.