hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Frederick Stirling
Vice-Admiral Frederick Henry Stirling (1829 – November 1885) was a Royal Navy officer who served as Commander-in-Chief, Pacific Station. He was a son of Admiral Sir James Stirling, the first Governor of Western Australia and Ellen Mangles.

Vice-admiral (Royal Navy)
A vice-admiral (VAdm) is a flag officer rank of the Royal Navy and equates to the NATO rank code OF-8. It is immediately superior to the rear admiral rank and is subordinate to the full admiral rank.

The equivalent rank in the British Army and Royal Marines is lieutenant-general; and in the Royal Air Force, it is air marshal.
Dan Mofokeng
Dan Mofokeng (27 January 1960 – 28 April 2022) was a South African politician and businessman who was Gauteng's inaugural Member of the Executive Council for Housing from 1994 to 1999. He was a member of the African National Congress and rose to prominence during apartheid as a leader of the South African National Civic Organisation in the Transvaal. After he was dropped from the Gauteng Provincial Legislature in 1999, he pursued a career in business.

Transvaal (province)
The Province of Transvaal (Afrikaans: Provinsie van Transvaal), commonly referred to as the Transvaal (/ˈtrɑːnsvɑːl, ˈtræns-/; Afrikaans: [transˈfɑːl]), was a province of South Africa from 1910 until 1994, when a new constitution subdivided it following the end of apartheid. The name "Transvaal" is from the Latin prefix trans, which means across from, or on the other side. Hence, Transvaal refers to the province's geographical location to the north of the Vaal River. Its capital was Pretoria, which was also the country's executive capital.
Antitrust cases against Google by the European Union
Since 2010, the European Union has investigated several antitrust complaints against  Google alleging abuses of its dominant position in breach of the EU's competition laws. Three complaints have resulted in formal charges against Google: those relating to Google Shopping, the Android operating system and to Google AdSense. Google has been found guilty of antitrust breaches in the three cases and has been fined over €8 billion. In 2020, the European Union has also launched a full investigation of Google's proposed acquisition of the fitness tracker and wearable health company Fitbit, under the EU Merger Regulation. The operation was eventually cleared on 17 December 2020 subject to conditions.

Google Shopping
Google Shopping, formerly Google Product Search, Google Products, and Froogle, is a Google service created by Craig Nevill-Manning which allows users to search for products on online shopping websites and compare prices between different vendors. Google announced at its Marketing Live event in May 2019 that the new Google Shopping would integrate the existing Google Express marketplace into a revamped shopping experience. In the US, Google Shopping is accessible from the web and mobile apps, available on Android and iOS. Google Shopping is also available in France, accessible from the web only. Like its predecessor, Google Shopping is free and requires a personal Google account in order to purchase from the platform. A colored price tag icon replaces the parachute icon of Google Express.
Cephalodiscidae mitochondrial code
The Cephalodiscidae mitochondrial code (translation table 33) is a genetic code used by the mitochondrial genome of Cephalodiscidae (Pterobranchia). The Pterobranchia are one of the two groups in the Hemichordata which together with the Echinodermata and Chordata form the major clades of deuterostomes.

Code 33 is very similar to the mitochondrial code 24 for the Pterobranchia, which also belong to the Hemichordata, except that it uses UAA for tyrosine rather than as a stop codon.

This code shares with many other mitochondrial codes the reassignment of the UGA STOP to tryptophan, and AGG and AGA to an amino acid other than arginine. However, the assignment of AGG to lysine in pterobranchian mitogenomes is not found elsewhere in deuterostome mitochondria but it occurs in some taxa of Arthropoda.

Arginine
Arginine is the amino acid with the formula (H2N)(HN)CN(H)(CH2)3CH(NH2)CO2H.  The molecule features a guanidino group appended to a standard amino acid framework. At physiological pH, the carboxylic acid is deprotonated (−CO2−) and both the amino and guanidino groups are protonated, resulting in a cation. Only the l-arginine (symbol Arg or R) enantiomer is found naturally. Arg residues are common components of proteins. It is encoded by the codons CGU, CGC, CGA, CGG, AGA, and AGG. The guanidine group in arginine is the precursor for the biosynthesis of nitric oxide. Like all amino acids, it is a white, water-soluble solid.

The one-letter symbol R was assigned to arginine for its phonetic similarity in English.
Kristine Jarinovska
Kristine Jarinovska (born 22 August 1977) is legal scientist, doctor of juridical science, legal scholar, sworn advocate, attorney at law, historian and was the Secretary of State of Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Latvia, leading researcher of the University of Latvia.

University of Latvia
University of Latvia (Latvian: Latvijas Universitāte, shortened LU) is a public research university located in Riga, Latvia. The university was established in 1919. It is one of the largest and most prestigious higher education institutions in the Baltic States.
Clive Chin
Clive Chin (born 14 May 1954 in Kingston, Jamaica) is a Hakka Chinese Jamaican record producer whose work includes recordings by the Wailers, Dennis Brown, Lee Perry and Black Uhuru, among others. Chin was a pioneer in the establishment of dub as a standalone musical form. He is the eldest son of Vincent "Randy" Chin.

Lee "Scratch" Perry
Lee "Scratch" Perry OD (born Rainford Hugh Perry; 20 March 1936 – 29 August 2021) was a Jamaican record producer, songwriter and singer noted for his innovative studio techniques and production style. Perry was a pioneer in the 1970s development of dub music with his early adoption of remixing and studio effects to create new instrumental or vocal versions of existing reggae tracks. He worked with and produced for a wide variety of artists, including Bob Marley and the Wailers, Junior Murvin, the Congos, Max Romeo, the Heptones, Adrian Sherwood, the Beastie Boys, Ari Up, the Clash, the Orb, and many others.
Dougie Johnstone
Douglas Johnstone (born 12 March 1969 in Irvine, North Ayrshire) is a Scottish footballer. He played professionally as a central defender before retiring and becoming a teacher at various schools around North Ayrshire, including the now demolished St Matthews Academy in Saltcoats. He teaches Mathematics up to an Advanced Higher level and is qualified to teach Computing.

He most famously played for Greenock Morton, before joining the later-to-become Morton players Kevin Finlayson, Allan Jenkins and failed trialist Derek Wingate at Stranraer.

Kevin Finlayson
Kevin Charles Finlayson (born 7 December 1979 in Glasgow) is a Scottish former footballer that is assistant manager for Kirkintilloch Rob Roy.

Throughout his career he played for five clubs in the Scottish Football League, before turning Junior in 2011 and having a two-year spell in the US with Kitsap Pumas between 2014 and 2016.
Tōmei Expressway
The Tōmei Expressway (東名高速道路, Tōmei Kōsoku Dōro) is a national expressway on the island of Honshū in Japan. It is operated by Central Nippon Expressway Company. The expressway is designated as E1 under the "2016 Proposal for Realization of Expressway Numbering", because it parallels National Route 1. It is a part of the Asian Highway Network.  AH1

Central Nippon Expressway Company
The Central Nippon Expressway Company Limited (中日本高速道路株式会社, Naka-nihon Kōsoku-dōro Kabushiki-gaisha), abbreviated as NEXCO Central (NEXCO中日本, NEXCO Naka-Nihon), is one of the main operators of expressways and toll roads in Japan. It is headquartered in Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture.

The company was established on October 1, 2005 as a result of the privatization of Japan Highway Public Corporation. The company manages roadways mainly in the Tōkai and Hokuriku regions. Roadways in other regions of Japan are managed by East Nippon Expressway Company and West Nippon Expressway Company.
Jim Paymar
James Paymar is an American journalist and strategic communications specialist. He has worked as a financial correspondent and anchor for CNBC and BusinessWeek in New York and served as general manager of KCNS-TV in San Francisco. He anchored and reported the news for New York network flagship stations WNBC-TV, WABC-TV and Fox Broadcasting Company in New York. He also anchored and reported for KRON-NBC-TV in San Francisco, KOMO-ABC-TV in Seattle and KNTV-ABC-TV in San Jose. He now hosts a podcast, THE BIG SHIFT with Jim Paymar, available on Apple, Amazon, Google, Spotify and YouTube.

WNBC
WNBC (channel 4) is a television station in New York City. It is the flagship station of the NBC television network, owned and operated through its NBC Owned Television Stations division. Under common ownership with Linden, New Jersey–licensed Telemundo outlet WNJU (channel 47), the two stations share studios and offices at 30 Rockefeller Plaza in Midtown Manhattan, co-located with NBC's corporate headquarters, and broadcast from the same transmitter at One World Trade Center; WNJU's facilities in Fort Lee, New Jersey, also serve as WNBC's New Jersey news bureau.

WNBC holds the distinction of being the oldest continuously operating commercial television station in the United States.
La Mort de Staline
La Mort de Staline (English: The Death of Stalin) is a series of French satirical-biographical graphic novels. The two volumes were created by artist Thierry Robin and writer Fabien Nury, and published in October 2010 and May 2012 by Dargaud.

Walking the line between history and historical fiction, the series traces the events that followed the death of Joseph Stalin, the supreme leader of the Soviet Union, who died in March 1953 and whose death led to a power struggle for the control of the Central Committee between Lavrentiy Beria and future leader Nikita Khrushchev. Most of the story is focused on the rise and fall of Beria, narrating his struggle to hold on to power. The first volume, Agonie, won the Historia Prize in September 2011, and the second, Funérailles, won le Prix Château de Cheverny de la bande dessinée historique in the Rendez-vous de l'histoire festival in 2012.

Dargaud
Société Dargaud (French pronunciation: [sɔsjete daʁɡo]), doing business as Les Éditions Dargaud, is a publisher of Franco-Belgian comics series, headquartered in the 18th arrondissement of Paris. It was founded in 1936 by Georges Dargaud, publishing its first comics in 1943.
Nanophotonics (journal)
Nanophotonics is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal published by De Gruyter and Science Wise Publishing. It covers recent international research results, specific developments, and novel applications in the field of nanophotonics, such as carbon nanotubes, nano metal particles, nanocrystals, semiconductor nanodots, photonic crystals, tissue, and DNA. Its editor-in-chief is Stefan Maier (LMU München) and founding editor is Federico Capasso (Harvard University).

Federico Capasso
Federico Capasso (born 1949) is an Italian-American applied physicist and is one of the inventors of the quantum cascade laser during his work at Bell Laboratories. He is currently on the faculty of Harvard University.
National seals of South Korea
The National Seal of the South Korea (Korean: 대한민국의 국새; Hanja: 大韓民國의 國璽; MR: Taehanmin'gugŭi kuksae) is a governmental seal used for purposes of state in South Korea. The seal is carved with characters called injang.

Since the late 20th century, the seal's design consists of South Korea's official name written in hangeul inside of a square; during the mid-20th century hanja in Seal Script were used.

Seal script
Seal script or sigillary script (traditional Chinese: 篆書; simplified Chinese: 篆书; pinyin: Zhuànshū; lit. 'decorative engraving script') is a style of writing Chinese characters that was common throughout the latter half of the 1st millennium BC. It evolved organically out of bronze script during the Zhou dynasty (1046–256 BC). The variant of seal script used in the state of Qin eventually became comparatively standardized, and was adopted as the formal script across all of China during the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC). It was still widely used for decorative engraving and seals during the Han dynasty (202 BC – 220 AD).

The literal translation given above was coined during the Han dynasty, and reflects the role of the script being reduced to ceremonial inscriptions.
Eastington Manor Tower
The Tower at Eastington Manor is a historic site south of the village of Rhoscrowther, in the community of Angle, Pembrokeshire, Wales. The tower is to a tower house plan and dates from the 14th or 15th centuries. A range of later buildings is attached. The tower is a Grade I listed building and a Scheduled monument. The range is listed at Grade II.

West Tarr Mediaeval House
West Tarr Mediaeval House is a historic site south of the village of St Florence, in the community of Penally, Pembrokeshire, Wales. The site consists of two structures, the remains of the house and an ancillary building. The house is a Grade I listed building and a Scheduled monument. The outbuilding is listed at Grade II.
Albert Hansen
Albert Hansen (December 13, 1871 – 1943) was an American college football player, coach, and politician. He served as the fourth head football coach at Kansas State Agricultural College, now Kansas State University, holding the position for one season in 1899 and compiling a record of 2–3. Hansen was later elected to the Iowa House of Representatives.

Iowa House of Representatives
41°35′28″N 93°36′14″W﻿ / ﻿41.591°N 93.604°W﻿ / 41.591; -93.604

The Iowa House of Representatives is the lower house of the Iowa General Assembly, the upper house being the Iowa Senate. There are 100 seats in the Iowa House of Representatives, representing 100 single-member districts across the state, formed by dividing the 50 Senate districts in half. Each district has a population of approximately 30,464 as of the 2010 United States census. The House of Representatives meets at the Iowa State Capitol in Des Moines.

Unlike the upper house, the Iowa Senate, state House representatives serve two-year terms with the whole chamber up for re-election in even-numbered years. There are no term limits for the House.
Hexadecahedron
A hexadecahedron (or hexakaidecahedron) is a polyhedron with 16 faces. No hexadecahedron is regular; hence, the name is ambiguous. There are numerous topologically distinct forms of a hexadecahedron, for example the pentadecagonal pyramid, tetradecagonal prism and heptagonal antiprism.

Heptagonal antiprism
In geometry, the heptagonal antiprism is the fifth in an infinite set of antiprisms formed by two parallel polygons separated by a strip of triangles. In the case of the heptagonal antiprism, the caps are two regular heptagons. Consequently, this polyhedron features 14 vertices and 14 equilateral triangular faces. There are 14 edges where a triangle meets a heptagon, and an additional 14 edges where two triangles meet.

The heptagonal antiprism was first illustrated by Johannes Kepler as an example of the general construction of antiprisms.
Wesley Berg
Wesley Berg (born April 19, 1993 in Coquitlam, British Columbia, Canada) is a Canadian professional lacrosse player for the San Diego Seals of the National Lacrosse League (NLL) and the California Redwoods of the Premier Lacrosse League (PLL), serving as captain for the former.

San Diego Seals
The San Diego Seals are an American professional box lacrosse team based in San Diego, California, that competes in the National Lacrosse League (NLL). The team plays its home games at Pechanga Arena. The Seals began play in the 2018-2019 season.
Aldgate East tube station
Aldgate East (/ˈɔːldɡeɪt ˈiːst/) is a London Underground station on Whitechapel High Street in Whitechapel, in London, England. It takes its name from the City of London ward of Aldgate, the station lying to the east of the ward (and the City). The station is served by the District and Hammersmith & City lines, and is located in London fare zone 1.

On the District line, the station is between Tower Hill and Whitechapel stations. On the Hammersmith & City line, it is between Liverpool Street and Whitechapel stations.

Barking station
Barking is an interchange station serving the town of Barking, east London. It is served by London Underground, London Overground and National Rail main line services. It is located on Station Parade, in the town centre.

On the London Underground, Barking is a stop on the District line and is also the eastern terminus of the Hammersmith & City line. On the London Overground, it is on the Suffragette line. On the National Rail network, it is served by c2c services operating to and from Fenchurch Street. There is also interchange with London Buses and East London Transit routes on the station frontage.

The station was opened in 1854 by the London, Tilbury and Southend Railway as one of the first stations on the route. It was rebuilt in 1908 and again in 1959.
Fe (Armenian letter)
Fe, or Feh (majuscule Ֆ; minuscule ֆ; Armenian: ֆե; Classical Armenian: ֆէ; IPA: [fɛ]) is the 39th letter of the reformed Armenian alphabet and the 38th letter of the Classical Armenian alphabet. It does not have a numerical value meaning, as it was not among the original Mashtotsian letters.

History of the Armenian alphabet
Armenian palaeography is a branch of palaeography that examines the historical development of Armenian script forms and lettering. It also encompasses a description of the evolution of Armenian writing.

The Armenian alphabet was devised in 405 in the cities of Edessa and Samsat by the scholar-monk Mesrop Mashtots. As is the case with other writing systems worldwide, the graphic layout of Armenian letters has undergone some changes in over 1600 years. The four principal graphic forms of Armenian writing during the Middle Ages are Erkat'agir, Bolorgir, Notrgir and Shghagir. The first of these is an all caps form, while the other three are minuscule forms of lettering. The most prevalent forms were Erkat'agir and Bolorgir. Within each of these forms, certain variations are possible.
It's Time! (Jackie McLean album)
It's Time! is an album recorded by a group led by American saxophonist Jackie McLean recorded in 1964 and released on the Blue Note label. It features McLean in a quintet with trumpeter Charles Tolliver, pianist Herbie Hancock, bassist Cecil McBee and drummer Roy Haynes.

Roy Haynes
Roy Owen Haynes (March 13, 1925 – November 12, 2024) was an American jazz drummer. In the 1950s, he was given the nickname "Snap Crackle" for his distinctive snare drum sound and musical vocabulary. He is among the most recorded drummers in jazz. In a career spanning more than eight decades, he played swing, bebop, jazz fusion and avant-garde jazz. He is considered to be a pioneer of jazz drumming.

Haynes led bands, including the Hip Ensemble. His albums Fountain of Youth and Whereas were nominated for a Grammy Award. He was inducted into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 1999.
Digidogheadlock
Digidogheadlock is the seventh album by Japanese band The Mad Capsule Markets and their first to receive a European release. The album explored the sound that would later be used on their following album, Osc-Dis. TORUxxx stepped in on guitar for this album, although Takeshi Ueda recorded guitar on the track "Asphalt Beach". This album gained the band recognition by Digital Hardcore Recordings founder and Atari Teenage Riot frontman Alec Empire, who remixed two tracks and invited the band to tour with ATR. The album was released two years before the breakthrough album Osc-Dis, but there was little international interest at the time. The song "3:31" is a reference to vocalist Kyono's birthdate.

According to CD Journal, the album has sold more than 100,000 copies.

Takeshi Ueda
Takeshi Ueda (上田剛士, Ueda Takeshi; born August 25, 1968) is the bassist, programmer, additional vocalist and songwriter for The Mad Capsule Markets. He is often known for his unique way of bass guitar playing, and ever changing haircuts.
Reggie Goodes
Norman Reginald Goodes (born 4 April 1991) is a former South African-born rugby union player who played as a prop for Wellington in New Zealand's domestic Mitre 10 Cup from 2010 to 2016 and for the Hurricanes in the international Super Rugby competition from 2012 to 2016.

He announced his retirement in early 2018 on medical advice after suffering a number of concussions.

Hurricanes Poua
Hurricanes Poua are a New Zealand women's professional rugby union team based in Wellington, New Zealand that competes in the Super Rugby Aupiki competition. Hurricanes Poua cover a similar catchment area as the Hurricanes including the Farah Palmer Cup teams of Manawatū, and Wellington but excluding Hawke's Bay.
Hatomim
Hatomim (Hebrew: התמים) was a scholarly journal published by the Chabad-Lubavitch Hasidic movement. The journal was published under the direction of the sixth Rebbe of Chabad, Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn. The journal published articles on Chabad philosophy and Talmud.

Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn
Yosef Yitzchak (Joseph Isaac) Schneersohn (Yiddish: יוסף יצחק שניאורסאהן; 21 June 1880 – 28 January 1950) was an Orthodox rabbi and the sixth Rebbe (spiritual leader) of the Chabad Lubavitch Hasidic movement. He is also known as the Frierdiker Rebbe (Yiddish for "Previous Rebbe"), the Rebbe RaYYaTz, or the Rebbe Rayatz (an acronym for Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak). After many years of fighting to keep Orthodox Judaism alive from within the Soviet Union, he was forced to leave; he continued to conduct the struggle from Latvia, and then Poland, and eventually the United States, where he spent the last ten years of his life.
Allerton Oak
The Allerton Oak is an Irish oak tree in Calderstones Park in Liverpool, England. It is thought to be around 1,000 years old and is described as the oldest oak in North West England. It is reputed to have been the setting for a medieval hundred court and said to have been damaged in an 1864 gunpowder explosion. The tree won the 2019 English Tree of the Year competition and had been entered into the 2020 European Tree of the Year competition.

European Tree of the Year
The European Tree of the Year is an annual contest held to find the most "loveable" tree in Europe.

The contest is held by the Environmental Partnership Association (EPA), an organization supported by the European Land Owners Association and the European Commission.
NGC 2547
NGC 2547 is a southern open cluster in Vela, discovered by Nicolas Louis de Lacaille in 1751 from South Africa. The star cluster is young with an age of 20-30 million years.

Observations with the Spitzer Space Telescope showed a shell around the B3 III/IV-type star HD 68478. This could be a sign of recent mass loss in this star.

A study using Gaia DR2 data showed that NGC 2547 formed about 30 million years ago together with a new discovered star cluster, called [BBJ2018] 6. The star cluster NGC 2547 has a similar age compared with Trumpler 10, NGC 2451B, Collinder 135 and Collinder 140. It was suggested that all these clusters formed in a single event of triggered star formation.

NGC 2547 shows evidence for mass segregation down to 3 M☉.

NGC 2451
NGC 2451 is  an open cluster in the Puppis constellation, probably discovered by Giovanni Battista Hodierna before 1654 and John Herschel in 1835. In 1994, it was postulated that this was actually two open clusters that lie along the same line of sight. This was confirmed in 1996. The respective clusters are labeled NGC 2451 A and NGC 2451 B, and they are located at distances of 600 and 1,200 light-years, respectively.