hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stymie
A stymie was a situation in greens play in golf where one player's ball blocked the path of another's to the cup, governed by a now obsolete rule of golf. Formerly, the blocked player was not afforded relief, and had to chip over or putt around the obstructing ball.  Today, the blocking ball is temporarily removed to afford a clear line to the hole without penalty to the putter or advantage to the player whose ball is moved.

Various changes to the stymie rule were attempted or enacted by the United States Golf Association (USGA) between 1920 and 1941.  Finally, in 1952, the stymie was eliminated when the USGA and Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews (R&A) established a joint set of rules.

United States Golf Association
The United States Golf Association (USGA) is the United States national association of golf courses, clubs and facilities and the governing body of golf for the U.S. and Mexico. Together with The R&A, the USGA produces and interprets the rules of golf. The USGA also provides a national handicap system for golfers, conducts 14 national championships, including the U.S. Open, U.S. Women's Open and U.S. Senior Open, and tests golf equipment for conformity with regulations. The USGA and the USGA Museum are located in Liberty Corner, New Jersey. In 2024, the USGA moved its Testing Center from Liberty Corner, New Jersey to Pinehurst, North Carolina. The Testing Center is where all golf clubs and golf balls manufactured in the United States and Mexico are tested for conformance to the Rules of Golf.
Stephen R. Anderson
Stephen Robert Anderson (August 3, 1943 – October 13, 2025) was an American linguist. He was the Dorothy R. Diebold Professor of Linguistics at Yale University and was the 2007 president of the Linguistic Society of America.

Linguistic Society of America
The Linguistic Society of America (LSA) is a learned society for the field of linguistics. Founded in New York City in 1924, the LSA works to promote the scientific study of language. The society publishes three scholarly journals: Language, the open access journal Semantics and Pragmatics, and the open access journal Phonological Data & Analysis. Its annual meetings, held every winter, foster discussion amongst its members through the presentation of peer-reviewed research, as well as conducting official business of the society. Since 1928, the LSA has offered training to linguists through courses held at its biennial Linguistic Institutes held in the summer. The LSA and its 3,600 members work to raise awareness of linguistic issues with the public and contribute to policy debates on issues including bilingual education and the preservation of endangered languages.
Angus Beith
Angus Beith (born 22 February 1996) is a Scottish former professional footballer. Beith played as a midfielder for Heart of Midlothian, Stirling Albion, Stenhousemuir, Stranraer and Inverness Caledonian Thistle. Due to a hip injury, Beith was forced to retire aged 23. He is currently the Heart of Midlothian B team head coach.

Inverness Caledonian Thistle F.C.
Inverness Caledonian Thistle Football Club, commonly known as Caley Thistle, Inverness CT or just Inverness, is a professional football club based in Inverness, Scotland. The team competes in Scottish League One, the third tier of the Scottish Professional Football League, and plays its home games at Caledonian Stadium.

Inverness Caledonian Thistle won the Scottish Cup in 2015, were runners-up in 2023 and were also runners-up in the Scottish League Cup in 2014. They have also won the Scottish Challenge Cup three times and the Scottish Football League First Division twice. Its highest Premiership position is third in 2014–15.
Ragtag (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.)
"Ragtag" is the twenty-first episode of the first season of the American television series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. Based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D., it follows Phil Coulson and his team of S.H.I.E.L.D. agents as they search for a secret Hydra base. It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) and acknowledges the franchise's films. The episode was written by Jeffrey Bell, and directed by Roxann Dawson.

Clark Gregg reprises his role as Coulson from the film series, and is joined by series regulars Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.

"Ragtag" originally aired on ABC on May 6, 2014, and according to Nielsen Media Research, was watched by 5.37 million viewers.

Brett Dalton
Brett Patrick Dalton (born January 7, 1983) is an American actor. He is best known for playing Grant Ward and therefore Hive in ABC's series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D., as well as Detective Mark Trent in the NBC procedural drama series Found, and Michael "Mike" Munroe in the 2015 video game Until Dawn. He also provided the voice and motion capture for Freyr in God of War: Ragnarök (2022).
Waylon Prather
Waylon Glenn Prather (born February 16, 1985) is an American football coach and former punter who coached wide receivers and tight ends coach at Cabrillo College and was the head coach at Harbor High School. He played college football at San Jose State and was signed by the New Orleans Saints as an undrafted free agent in 2008.

Prather has also been a member of the New York Jets.

Cabrillo College
Cabrillo College is a public community college in Aptos, California. It is named after the conquistador Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo and opened in 1959. Cabrillo College has an enrollment of about 9,700 students per term.
Lerrel Sharp
Lerrel Keith Sharp (6 June 1933 – 15 December 2020) was an Australian rules footballer, who played for Scottsdale and North Launceston in the Northern Tasmanian Football Association (NTFL) and Collingwood in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

He began his senior career with Scottsdale in the Northern Tasmanian Football Association. After a number of years at Collingwood Sharp returned to Tasmania and played with North Launceston in the NTFA. He is an inductee in the AFL Tasmania Hall of Fame.

Northern Tasmanian Football Association (1886–1986)
The Northern Tasmanian Football Association (NTFA) was an Australian rules football competition which ran from 1886 to 1986. In its time it was one of the three main leagues in Tasmania, with the Tasmanian Football League and North West Football Union representing the rest of the state. It was based in the city of Launceston.
The three most successful clubs of the old NTFA, Launceston, North Launceston and City-South, went on to compete in the short-lived TFL Statewide League.

From 1947 to 1983 the NTFA was a six team competition, in 1984 George Town and Deloraine joined to make eight teams.

In 1987, the NTFA merged with the North West Football Union to form the Northern Tasmanian Football League.

At the end of 1995 the Tasmanian Amateur Football Association disbanded, The southern clubs help form the Southern Football League, The northern clubs formed a competition called the Northern Tasmanian Football Association. There is no relationship between the old and new NTFA.
Niko Jones
Niko Jones (born 22 July 2000) is a New Zealand rugby union player who plays as a flanker for Auckland in New Zealand's domestic National Provincial Championship competition and Old Glory DC in Major League Rugby (MLR).

Jones, the son of former All Black Michael Jones, was educated at St Peter's College, Auckland. He played for the school's 1st XV team that won the National Top 4 title in 2018.

Jones was, for the first time, named in the Auckland squad for the 2020 Mitre 10 Cup season. He made his debut for the province on 10 October 2020 against Taranaki.

In 2022, Jones took up a contract to play for Old Glory DC in Major League Rugby (MLR) in the United States.

Auckland (National Provincial Championship)
Auckland are a New Zealand professional rugby union team based in Auckland, New Zealand. The union was originally established in 1883, with the National Provincial Championship established in 1976. They now play in the reformed National Provincial Championship competition. They play their home games at Eden Park in Auckland. The team is affiliated with the Blues Super Rugby franchise. Their home playing colours are blue and white hoops.
Levi Branson Reeder
Levi Branson "Lee" Reeder (September 7, 1865 – January 26, 1930) was an attorney and Republican politician from Pendleton in the US state of Oregon. A native of Illinois, he served as Speaker of the Oregon House of Representatives from 1901–1903.

Oregon House of Representatives
The Oregon House of Representatives is the lower house of the Oregon Legislative Assembly, the upper house being the Oregon State Senate. There are 60 members of the House, representing 60 districts across the state, each with a population of approximately 65,000. The House meets in the west wing of the Oregon State Capitol in Salem.

Members of the House serve two-year terms without term limits. In 2002, the Oregon Supreme Court struck down Oregon Ballot Measure 3 (1992), that had restricted State Representatives to three terms (six years) on procedural grounds.

In the current legislative session, Democrats have 37 seats, a slim 2 seat supermajority, while the Republicans have a minority of 23 seats.
UTS 5
After a year absence, UTS returned in July 2023 with the fifth edition of the tournament, known as UTS Los Angeles. UTS 5 was held in Los Angeles at the Dignity Health Sports Park between 21 July and 23 July, and was the first edition to be staged outside of Europe. It was the first tournament in a series of three events leading up to the "Grand Final" in December 2023.

"The Tornado" Corentin Moutet was the defending champion, but chose not to participate.

"The Great Wall" Wu Yibing won the event, defeating "The Hotshot" Taylor Fritz 11–16, 7–20, 12–11, 16–9, 2–0.

Taylor Fritz
Taylor Harry Fritz (born 28 October 1997) is an American professional tennis player. He has a career-high singles ranking of world No. 4 by the ATP, achieved on 18 November 2024 and a best doubles ranking of No. 104, achieved on 26 July 2021. Fritz has won ten ATP Tour singles titles, including a Masters 1000 title at the 2022 Indian Wells Open, and was a finalist at the 2024 US Open and at the 2024 ATP Finals.

Fritz won a junior major singles title at the 2015 US Open, and was the runner-up in junior singles at the 2015 French Open. He reached his first ATP Tour final in only his third career event, the 2016 Memphis Open.
On the Rvn
On the Rvn (pronounced On the Run) is the second extended play by American rapper Young Thug. It was released on September 24, 2018 by 300 Entertainment and Atlantic Records to streaming platforms. It features collaborations with 6lack, Jaden Smith, Elton John, T-Shyne, and Offset and follows a month after Thug's compilation album Slime Language.

Slime Language
Slime Language is the debut collaborative compilation album by American record label YSL Records and American rapper Young Thug, who is the leader of the label. It was released on August 17, 2018, for streaming and digital download by YSL Records and 300 Entertainment. The compilation features guest appearances from YSL artists Lil Duke, Gunna, Strick, Thug's sisters Dolly and HiDoraah, Thug's fiancé (Jerrika) Karlae, as well as Lil Uzi Vert, Lil Keed, Nechie, Lil Baby, Jacquees, Tracy T and others. The album is executive produced by Wheezy and London on da Track and features production from Keyyz, K Bangerz, Kacey Khaliel, DY, Charlie Handsome, Smoke, Mattazik, Super, Billboard Hitmakers and Turbo, among others. The album's sequel, Slime Language 2, was released on April 16, 2021, with the deluxe edition of the album being released exactly a week later on April 23, 2021.
Norma K. Hemming
Norma Kathleen Hemming (September 1928 – 4 July 1960) was a British-Australian writer of science fiction and romance novels. She was Australia's first significant female science fiction writer. As N. K. Hemming she published 20 stories in the 1950s, and also wrote and appeared in a series of plays that were performed at Australian science fiction conventions. Under the name Nerina Hilliard, she also wrote eight romance novels for Mills & Boon. She was commemorated by the Australian Science Fiction Foundation through the Norma K. Hemming Award from 2010 to 2020.

Mills & Boon
Mills & Boon is a romance imprint of British publisher Harlequin UK Ltd. It was founded in 1908 by Gerald Rusgrove Mills and Charles Boon as a general publisher. The company moved towards escapist fiction for women in the 1930s. In 1971, the publisher was bought by the Canadian company Harlequin Enterprises, its North American distributor based in Toronto, with whom it had a long informal partnership. The two companies offer a number of imprints that between them account for almost three-quarters of the romance paperbacks published in Britain. Its print books are presently out-numbered and out-sold by the company's e-books, which allowed the publisher to double its output.

Modern Mills & Boon novels, over 100 of which are released each month, cover a wide range of possible romantic subgenres, varying in explicitness, setting and style, although retaining a comforting familiarity that meets reader expectations.
Bowie: A Biography
Bowie: A Biography is a biography on the life and times of musician David Bowie, a twentieth century music and cultural icon. The book is written by Marc Spitz and was released on October 27, 2009, by the Crown Publishing Group.

Crown Publishing Group
The Crown Publishing Group is a subsidiary of Penguin Random House that publishes across several fiction and non-fiction categories. Originally founded in 1933 as a remaindered books wholesaler called Outlet Book Company, the firm expanded into publishing original content in 1936 under the Crown name, and was acquired by Random House in 1988. Under Random House's ownership, the Crown Publishing Group was operated as an independent division until 2018, when it was merged with the rest of Random House's adult programs.
Low-background steel
Low-background steel, also known as pre-war steel, pre-atomic steel, or pre-nuclear steel, is any steel produced prior to the detonation of the first nuclear bombs in the 1940s and 1950s. Typically obtained from scrapped ships, salvaged shipwrecks, and other steel artifacts of this era, it is often used as a shielding material for particle detectors and whole-body counting equipment because more modern steel is contaminated with traces of nuclear fallout. Other low-background materials, such as ancient lead, are sometimes used for especially sensitive equipment.

Particle detector
In experimental and applied particle physics, nuclear physics, and nuclear engineering, a particle detector, also known as a radiation detector, is a device used to detect, track, and/or identify ionizing particles, such as those produced by nuclear decay, cosmic radiation, or reactions in a particle accelerator. Detectors can measure the particle energy and other attributes such as momentum, spin, charge, particle type, in addition to merely registering the presence of the particle.
Sir Trevor Lawrence, 2nd Baronet
Sir James John Trevor Lawrence, 2nd Baronet, KCVO, KStJ (30 December 1831 – 22 December 1913) was an English surgeon, horticulturalist, and art collector. He later became a Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) for 17 years, retiring to become treasurer of St Bartholomew's Hospital where he founded the Lawrence Scholarship and contributed to the King Edward's Hospital Fund.

During his time as MP he became president of the Royal Horticultural Society serving 28 years until death, overseeing a growth in interest in membership and horticulture in general across the British Empire. He is the inspiration for a hybrid Aril Iris, Iris Sir Trevor Lawrence and a genus of orchids, Trevoria. The society also founded a gold medal in his honour.

King's Fund
The King's Fund is a think tank, which is involved with work relating to the health and social care system in England. It produces research and analysis, offers leadership and organisational development support, and organises events.

The Chief Executive is currently Sarah Woolnough, who was previously the Chief Executive of Asthma + Lung UK. She took up the position in December 2023.
1977 Toronto International Film Festival
The 2nd Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF) took place in Toronto, Ontario, Canada between September 9 and September 18, 1977. Retrospective of Quebec cinema was introduced and also Greek cinema was emphasized. J.A. Martin Photographer directed by Jean Beaudin was selected as the opening film.

Chantal Akerman's film Je, tu, il, elle was pulled out of the festival by the Ontario Censor Board, over the objections of festival organizers, because of a scene featuring a kiss between two women.

Jean Beaudin
Jean Beaudin (6 February 1939 – 18 May 2019) was a Canadian film director and screenwriter. He directed 20 films since 1969. His film J.A. Martin Photographer, was entered into the 1977 Cannes Film Festival, where Monique Mercure won the award for Best Actress. The film also won best Film, he won best Director, and Mercure won best Actress awards at the 1977 Canadian Film Awards. He was nominated (but did not win) for the Genie Award for Best Achievement in Direction in 1986, 1992 and 2003 for his films The Alley Cat (Le Matou), Being at Home with Claude and The Collector (Le Collectionneur), respectively.

Actress Domini Blythe (1947–2010) was his partner of more than 20 years.
Pelecyphora sneedii
Pelecyphora sneedii (syn. Coryphantha sneedii) is a rare species of cactus known by the common names Sneed's pincushion cactus and carpet foxtail cactus. It is endemic to the Chihuahuan Desert of the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. It is a small, variable cactus with a lengthy taxonomic history, and is often subdivided into a number of subspecies or varieties. It is usually found on steep, rocky habitats, primarily of limestone geology, in desert scrub or coniferous forest. A species of conservation concern, P. sneedii faces threats from poaching, urban encroachment, and wildfires.

The former cacti species Coryphantha orcuttii has been lumped into sneedii as a subspecies. P. sneedii also intergrades with Pelecyphora vivipara, further complicating classification. Because of the variation and intergradation of P. sneedii, it forms a species complex.

Pelecyphora vivipara
Pelecyphora vivipara is a species of cactus known by several common names, including spinystar, viviparous foxtail cactus, pincushion cactus and ball cactus. It is native to North America, where certain varieties can be found from Mexico to Canada. Most of these varieties are limited to the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts. The species epithet "vivipara" was likely a reference to the plants tendency to produce offsets, or "pups", but there is no evidence that it is truly viviparous.
Kangshung Glacier
The Kangshung Glacier (Chinese: 卓穷冰川) is one of the three main glaciers of Mount Everest, and is in the Tibet region Himalayas, within the Tibet Autonomous Region of China. The other two are the Khumbu Glacier and Rongbuk Glacier.

Rongbuk Glacier
The Rongbuk Glacier (simplified Chinese: 绒布冰川; traditional Chinese: 絨布冰川; pinyin: Róngbù Bīngchuān) is located in the Himalaya of southern Tibet. Two large tributary glaciers, the East Rongbuk Glacier and the West Rongbuk Glacier, flow into the main Rongbuk Glacier. It flows north and forms the Rongbuk Valley north of Mount Everest. The famous Rongbuk Monastery is located at the northern end of the Rongbuk valley. Mount Everest is the source of the Rongbuk Glacier and East Rongbuk Glacier. Meltwater from the Rongbuk Glacier forms a  supraglacial lake at its foot.
Timothy Fok
Timothy Fok Tsun-ting (born 14 February 1946), GBS, JP, the eldest son of Hong Kong tycoon Henry Fok, is the President of the Hong Kong Football Association. He formerly represented the Sports, Performing Arts, Culture and Publication functional constituency between 1998 and 2012.  While he was not affiliated with any political party, he caucused with the conservative wing of Legislative Council of Hong Kong.

He is a former Member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

Functional constituency (Hong Kong)
In the Legislative Council of Hong Kong, a functional constituency (FC; Chinese: 功能界別 and formerly 功能組別 before handover of Hong Kong) is a seat of which member is elected by professional or special interest group only. Eligible voters in a functional constituency may include natural persons as well as other designated legal entities such as organisations and corporations. The functional constituency has long been criticised to be undemocratic and not representative, with persistent calls from the democracy advocates to abolish all of them for a genuine universal suffrage to elect the legislature.
Edward Harris (ornithologist)
Edward Harris (September 7, 1799 – June 8, 1863) was a farmer, horse breeder, philanthropist, naturalist, and ornithologist who accompanied John James Audubon on two of his expeditions to observe birds and mammals of America. Harris was commemorated by Audubon in the common names of the Harris's hawk, the Harris's sparrow, and the Harris's antelope squirrel, and by John Cassin in the binomial of the buff-fronted owl, Aegolius harrisii.

Edward Harris introduced the Percheron horse to America in 1839 and established the first Percheron breeding line in the United States.

John Cassin
John Cassin (September 6, 1813 – January 10, 1869) was an American ornithologist from Pennsylvania. He worked as curator and vice president at the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences and focused on the systemic classification of the academy's extensive collection of birds. He was one of the founders of the Delaware County Institute of Science and published several books describing 194 new species of birds.  Five species of North American birds, a cicada, and a mineral are named in his honor.
Popula Pette
Popula Pette (lit. 'Spice box') is a 1997 Indian Telugu-language comedy-drama television series created and directed by Jandhyala. Produced by Ramoji Rao under the Usha Kiran Movies banner, the series premiered on 24 January 1997, and aired on ETV every Friday, with episodes having a runtime of approximately 20 to 24 minutes. The show features Naresh, Kinnera, Dharmavarapu Subramanyam, and Sakshi Ranga Rao in key roles.

Set in the middle-class colony of Ananda Nilayam, humorously referred to as "Popula Pette" by outsiders, the series revolves around the lives of several eccentric families navigating everyday challenges with humour. Popula Pette marked Jandhyala's only directorial project for television. The series was praised for its clean humour, family-oriented content, and portrayal of middle-class life. It is considered an influential show in Telugu television, often cited as a precursor to later series like Amrutham.

ETV (Telugu)
ETV is an Indian Telugu-language general entertainment pay television channel. The channel was launched on 27 August 1995 focusing on the state of Andhra Pradesh. It is a part of the ETV Network owned by Ramoji Group. It is the second-oldest Telugu satellite channel after Gemini TV. It is also one of the earliest private satellite channels in South India.