hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nikon D200
The Nikon D200 is a 10.2-megapixel digital single-lens reflex camera that falls between entry-level/midrange DSLR cameras such as the Nikon D40, Nikon D40x, and D80 and high-end models such as the Nikon D2Hs and D2Xs.  It was released by the Nikon Corporation in November 2005.  The D200 was succeeded by the D300 in August 2007.

Nikon D2H
The Nikon D2H is a professional-grade digital single-lens reflex camera introduced by Nikon Corporation on July 22, 2003. It uses Nikon's own JFET-LBCAST sensor with a 4.1-megapixel resolution, and is optimised for sports and action shooting that require a high frame rate. In 2005, the D2H was replaced by the D2Hs, which added new features derived from the 12-megapixel D2X digital SLR. The D2Hs was discontinued after the introduction of the D300 and D3 models.

Like most early Nikon Digital SLR cameras, it uses a "DX Format" sensor, which applies a crop factor compared to 35 mm film of approximately 1.5×.
Sh 2-31
Sh 2-31, also known by the designation IC 1274, is an emission nebula in the constellation Sagittarius. It is ionized by the stars  HD 165921 and HD 166107. Sh 2-31 is located very close to the Lagoon Nebula.

Lagoon Nebula
The Lagoon Nebula (catalogued as Messier 8 or M8, NGC 6523, Sharpless 25, RCW 146, and Gum 72) is a giant emission nebula with an H II region located in the constellation Sagittarius. Discovered by Giovanni Hodierna in 1654, it is one of only two star-forming nebulae faintly visible to the naked eye from mid-northern latitudes (the other being the Orion Nebula).
Zhang Gongjin
Zhang Gongjin (594 – 632), courtesy name Hongshen, titled Duke of Tan, was an official and general during the Tang dynasty of China. He played an important role in the Xuanwu Gate Incident in 626 which helped Emperor Taizong obtained the crown. He was a key general of Tang dynasty during the campaign against Illig Qaghan of Tujue. Because of his contributions, he was listed as one of 24 founding officials of Tang dynasty honored on the Lingyan Pavilion.

Göktürks
The Göktürks (Old Turkic: 𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰜:𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣, romanized: Türük Bodun; Chinese: 突厥; pinyin: Tūjué; Wade–Giles: T'u-chüeh), also known as Türks, Celestial Turks or Blue Turks, were a Turkic people in medieval Inner Asia. The Göktürks, under the leadership of Bumin Qaghan (d. 552) and his sons, succeeded the Rouran Khaganate as the main power in the region and established the First Turkic Khaganate, one of several nomadic dynasties that would shape the future geolocation, culture, and dominant beliefs of Turkic peoples.
Frank-Olaf Schreyer
Frank-Olaf Schreyer is a German mathematician, specializing in algebraic geometry and algorithmic algebraic geometry.

Schreyer received in 1983 his PhD from Brandeis University with thesis Syzgies of Curves with Special Pencils under the supervision of David Eisenbud. Schreyer was a professor at University of Bayreuth and is since 2002 a professor at Saarland University.

He is involved in the development of (algorithmic) algebraic geometry advanced by David Eisenbud. Much of Schreyer's research deals with syzygy theory and the development of algorithms for the calculation of syzygies.

In 2010 he was an invited speaker (jointly with David Eisenbud) at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Hyderabad. In 2012 he was elected a Fellow of the American Mathematical Society.

David Eisenbud
David Eisenbud (born 8 April 1947 in New York City) is an American mathematician.  He is a professor of mathematics at the University of California, Berkeley and former director of the then Mathematical Sciences Research Institute (MSRI), now known as Simons Laufer Mathematical Sciences Institute (SLMath). He served as Director of MSRI from 1997 to 2007, and then again from 2013 to 2022.
John Bullough (businessman)
John Louis Bullough of Culcreuch, Baron of Culcreuch MBE (2 April 1969 – 5 May 2023) was a British businessman, special constable, racing driver, and former army officer best known for establishing Scotland's Charity Air Ambulance (SCAA) in 2013.

Scotland's Charity Air Ambulance
Scotland's Charity Air Ambulance (SCAA) is a registered charity which assists the Scottish Ambulance Service (SAS) with emergency medical services through the provision of helicopter-based air ambulances.

SCAA air ambulances complement the state-funded aircraft that also operate across Scotland. A Eurocopter EC135 is based at Perth Airport, and an Airbus H145 operates from Aberdeen Airport. Both are crewed by one or two SAS paramedics who are tasked from the SAS ambulance control centre at Cardonald. As of May 2013, they have flown 5,200 missions.
2024–25 FC Nordsjælland season
The 2024–25 season was the 35th season in the history of FC Nordsjælland, and the club's 22nd consecutive season in the Danish Superliga. In addition to the domestic league, the team participated in the Danish Cup.

2024–25 Danish Cup
The 2024–25 Danish Cup, also known as Oddset Pokalen, was the 71st season of the Danish Cup competition.

The winner of the competition earned a place in the first qualifying round of the 2025–26 UEFA Europa League.

Silkeborg were the defending champions but were defeated by Copenhagen in the final at MCH Arena on 29 May 2025. Copenhagen achieved a record-setting tenth Danish Cup trophy.
HMS Agamemnon (M10)
HMS Agamemnon was originally the Blue Funnel Line refrigerated cargo ship Agamemnon. She was built in 1929, traded between the United Kingdom and the Far East, and was scrapped in 1963. During the Second World War she was converted into an auxiliary minelayer in 1940, and then into an amenities ship in 1943.

She was the third of four Blue Funnel Line ships to be named after Agamemnon, the king of Mycenae during the Trojan War. She was also the fifth of six Royal Navy ships to be called Agamemnon.

Blue Funnel Line
Alfred Holt and Company, trading as Blue Funnel Line, was a UK shipping company that was founded in 1866 and operated merchant ships for 122 years. It was one of the UK's larger shipowning and operating companies, and as such had a significant role in the country's overseas trade and in the First and Second World Wars.
Longcliffe railway station
Longcliffe railway station was a railway station on the Cromford and High Peak Railway serving the villages of Longcliffe and Brassington in Derbyshire, England. It was located on the former line between High Peak Junction near Cromford and the Parsley Hay near Buxton. The former station is a Grade II listed building. The track now forms part of the High Peak Trail.

Longcliffe
Longcliffe is a crossroads hamlet in the English county of Derbyshire.

It lies on the B5056 road where it is crossed by the Brassington-Elton road. The Midshires Way long-distance footpath and the Peak District Boundary Walk skirt the same route south and west of Longcliffe.

Longcliffe is close to Hoe Grange Quarry, the first Butterfly Reserve in Derbyshire. The company relinquished permitted reserves within Hoe Grange quarry in order to promote the site's wildlife. The reserve is managed by the Derbyshire Wildlife Trust.
Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on Conflict and Violence
The Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on Conflict and Violence (Institut für interdisziplinäre Konflikt- und Gewaltforschung or IKG) is a central academic institute of Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.

It was founded by a resolution of the University Senate on December 18, 1996. Prof. Dr. Wilhelm Heitmeyer was appointed director. His first deputy was Prof. Dr. Rainer Dollase.

The institute was opened officially on April 16, 1997, with a symposium at the Center for Interdisciplinary Research (ZiF) on Societal Trends, Scientific Responsibility, and Violence.

Wilhelm Heitmeyer
Wilhelm Heitmeyer (born 28 June 1945, in Nettelstedt, Germany) is sociologist and professor of education specializing in socialisation. From 1996 to 2013 he headed the Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on Conflict and Violence (IKG) at Bielefeld University. Since retiring as director, he has held the position of Senior Research Professor at IKG.
David J. Scott
David John Scott (born c. 1956) is a retired American military officer. A son of the tenth Superintendent of the United States Air Force Academy (USAFA), Lieutenant General Winfield W. Scott Jr., he graduated from USAFA in 1978 and served in the United States Air Force until 2012, rising to the rank of Major General.

Winfield W. Scott Jr.
Winfield Wayne Scott Jr. (December 10, 1927 – March 19, 2022) was the tenth Superintendent of the United States Air Force Academy in Colorado. Thereafter, he was appointed Superintendent of the New Mexico Military Institute, a public military high school and junior college that is supported by the State of New Mexico, located in Roswell, New Mexico.
USS Aspro (SS-309)
USS Aspro (SS/AGSS-309), a Balao-class submarine, was the first ship of the United States Navy to be named for the aspro, a fish found abundantly in the upper Rhône River. According to legend, the aspro comes to the surface only in bad weather, when other fishes take refuge near the bottom. This trait gave rise to its nickname, "Sorcerer."

Balao-class submarine
The Balao class is a design of United States Navy submarines that was used during World War II, and with 120 boats completed, the largest class of submarines in the United States Navy. An improvement on the earlier Gato class, the boats had slight internal differences. The most significant improvement was the use of thicker, higher yield-strength steel in the pressure hull skins and frames, which increased their test depth to 400 feet (120 m). A Balao-class submarine, the USS Tang actually exceeded the maximum on their depth gauge of 612 ft (187 m) in 1944,
when taking on water in the forward torpedo room while evading a destroyer.
Martin Platt
Martin Platt is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera Coronation Street, portrayed by Sean Wilson. His major storylines were a relationship with Gail Tilsley (Helen Worth) following the death of her husband Brian (Christopher Quinten) and the birth of their child David (Jack P. Shepherd); a feud with Gail's former mother-in-law Ivy Tilsley (Lynne Perrie); the adoption of Brian's children Sarah (Tina O'Brien) and Nick (Ben Price); affairs with Cathy Power (Theresa Brindley) and Rebecca Hopkins (Jill Halfpenny); his relationship with 16-year-old Katy Harris (Lucy-Jo Hudson); and his involvement in the rescue of Gail from her killer husband Richard Hillman (Brian Capron). He left on 9 November 2005. In January 2018, it was confirmed that he would be returning for a short period. He returned on 22 March 2018 and left on 26 March 2018 to go to New Zealand with Robyn and Charlotte.

Lucy-Jo Hudson
Lucy-Jo Hudson (born 4 May 1983) is an English actress, known for her roles as Katy Harris in Coronation Street, Rosie Trevanion in Wild at Heart and Donna-Marie Quinn in Hollyoaks. Her role as Rhiannon Davis in Doctors earned her the British Soap Award for Villain of the Year in 2017.
Bralima
Brasseries, Limonaderies et Malteries (contracted as BRALIMA) is a public limited liability brewing and soft beverage company headquartered on Avenue du Drapeau in Barumbu, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Founded on 23 October 1923 as the Brasserie de Léopoldville, it is one of the oldest and most prominent industrial enterprises in Central Africa. The company became part of Heineken N.V. in 1986, which serves as its majority shareholder and strategic parent. BRALIMA operates six breweries located in Kinshasa, Bukavu, Kisangani, Boma, Mbandaka, and Lubumbashi, and is known for its flagship Primus lager. As one of the country's largest formal-sector employers, BRALIMA had a total revenue of CDF 249.84 billion as of 2019, an operating income of CDF 24.29 billion, and total assets valued at CDF 102.62 billion.

Bracongo is the competitor of BRALIMA in the DRC.

Lager
Lager is a style of beer brewed and conditioned at low temperature. Lagers can be pale, amber, or dark. Pale lager is the most widely consumed and commercially available style of beer. The term "lager" comes from the German word for "storage", as the beer was stored before drinking, traditionally in the same cool caves in which it was fermented.

As well as maturation in cold storage, most lagers are distinguished by the use of Saccharomyces pastorianus, a "bottom-fermenting" yeast that ferments at relatively cold temperatures.
Mōʻiliʻili, Hawaii
Mōʻiliʻili, Hawaii is a neighborhood of Honolulu CDP, City and County of Honolulu, Hawaii, on the island of Oahu. Its name means “pebble lizard” in Hawaiian.

The commercial district at South King Street and University Avenue in Mōʻiliʻili is the closest such district to the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa. The H-1 Freeway is located between University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa and the business district.

Interstate H-1
Interstate H-1 (H-1) is the longest and busiest Interstate Highway in the US state of Hawaii. The highway is located on the island of Oʻahu and runs for a length of 27.16 miles (43.71 km). Despite the number, this is an east–west highway; the 'H'-series (for Hawaii) numbering reflects the order in which routes were funded and built. H-1 goes from Route 93 (Farrington Highway) in Kapolei to Route 72 (Kalanianaole Highway) in Kāhala. East of Middle Street in Honolulu (exit 19A), H-1 is also known as the Lunalilo Freeway, after the former Hawaiian king; H-1 is sometimes signed as such at older signs in central Honolulu. West of Middle Street, H-1 is also known as the Queen Liliʻuokalani Freeway, after the former Hawaiian queen; this name is shown on some roadmaps. It is both the southernmost and westernmost signed Interstate Highway located in the US.
West Australian (horse)
West Australian (1850–1870) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. In a racing career which lasted from October 1852 until June 1854 he ran ten times and won nine races. After being beaten on his debut, he won all his remaining starts including the 2000 Guineas, The Derby the St Leger and the Ascot Gold Cup. He has been retrospectively recognised as the first Triple Crown winner. West Australian was regarded by contemporary experts as one of the best British horses of the nineteenth century. After his retirement from racing he had some success as a sire of winners in England and France and was largely responsible for the survival of the Godolphin Arabian sire-line.

Touchstone (horse)
Touchstone (1831–1861) was a British bred Thoroughbred racehorse and a leading sire in Great Britain and Ireland on four occasions. He was owned and bred by Robert Grosvenor, 1st Marquess of Westminster, who bought him for the low price, at the time, of 600 guineas at the insistence of his chief stud groom Mr. Thomas Nutting.
GDF10
Growth differentiation factor 10 (GDF10) also known as bone morphogenetic protein 3B (BMP-3B) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GDF10 gene.

GDF10 belongs to the transforming growth factor beta superfamily that is closely related to bone morphogenetic protein-3 (BMP3). It plays a role in head formation and may have multiple roles in skeletal morphogenesis. GDF10 is also known as BMP-3b, with GDF10 and BMP3 regarded as a separate subgroup within the TGF-beta superfamily.

In mice, GDF10 mRNA is abundant in the brain, inner ear, uterus, prostate, neural tissues, blood vessels and adipose tissue with low expression in spleen and liver. It is also present in bone of both adults and neonatal mice. Human GDF10 mRNA is found in the cochlea and lung of foetuses, and in testis, retina, pineal gland, and other neural tissues of adults.

Bone morphogenetic protein 3
Bone morphogenetic protein 3, also known as osteogenin, is a protein in humans that is encoded by the BMP3 gene.

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily. It, unlike other bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP's) inhibits the ability of other BMP's to induce bone and cartilage development. It is a disulfide-linked homodimer. It negatively regulates bone density. BMP3 is an antagonist to other BMP's in the differentiation of osteogenic progenitors.
It is highly expressed in fractured tissues.
Bartolommeo Tricomi
Bartolommeo Tricomi (first half of 17th century) was an Italian painter of the Baroque period. He was born in Messina. He was a pupil of Antonio Barbalonga, and was the teacher of Andrea Suppa. Tricomi is known as an excellent portrait painter.

Antonio Barbalonga
Antonio Barbalonga or Barbalunga (1600 – 2 November 1649), also called Antonio Alberti, was an Italian painter of the Baroque period.

He was a member of the noble family of the Alberti, born at Messina, and was there instructed in painting by Simone Comandé. He went to Rome, where he became a pupil of Domenichino, whose style he imitated with great skill.

Barbalonga executed a great number of paintings for churches, his chief work being the Conversion of St. Paul for the convent church of St. Anna at Messina. He painted in Rome for both the Church of the Theatines (San Silvestro al Quirinale) for the church of Sant' Andrea della Valle, and for the church of San Silvestro in Capite in Rome. In Messina, he painted a St. Gregory for the church of San Gregorio, and an Assumption for the S. Michèle in Messina.

Other works exist in Rome, Palermo, and Madrid. He died at Messina. Domenico Maroli was one of his pupils.
Sir James Affleck, 3rd Baronet
General Sir James Affleck, 3rd Baronet (29 April 1759 – 10 August 1833) was a British Army officer. Affleck's first service was during the American Revolutionary War, in which he was severely wounded at the Battle of Rhode Island in 1778. A cavalryman for most of his career, he served in India during the Third Anglo-Mysore War. Affleck took command of the 16th Light Dragoons in 1795 during the French Revolutionary Wars, serving in garrison in England.

At the start of the Napoleonic Wars in 1803 Affleck was appointed a brigadier-general to command Limerick, advancing to major-general in 1805. He moved to command the Irish Western Military District in 1809, and resigned from that post in 1811 upon his promotion to lieutenant-general. He saw no further service, being promoted to general in 1825.

Military district
Military districts (also called military regions) are formations of a state's armed forces (often of the Army) which are responsible for a certain area of territory. They are often more responsible for administrative than operational matters, and in countries with conscript forces, often handle parts of the conscription cycle.

Navies have also used a similar model, with organizations such as the United States naval districts. A number of navies in South America used naval districts at various points in time.
Conrad Graf
Conrad Graf (17 November 1782 in Riedlingen, Further Austria – 18 March 1851 in Vienna) was an Austrian-German fortepiano maker. His pianos were used by Beethoven, Schubert, Chopin, Liszt, Mendelssohn, and Robert and Clara Schumann, among others.

Anton Walter
Gabriel Anton Walter (5 February 1752 – 11 April 1826) was a builder of pianos. The Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians describes him as "the most famous Viennese piano maker of his time". Haydn,  Mozart, Beethoven and Schubert all owned and played on Walter's pianos.
Putin's Palace (film)
Putin's Palace. History of World's Largest Bribe (Russian: Дворец для Путина. История самой большой взятки, romanized: Dvorets dlya Putina. Istoriya samoy bol'shoy vzyatki, lit. 'A palace for Putin. The story of the biggest bribe') is a 2021 Russian documentary film by the Anti-Corruption Foundation (FBK). The film investigates the residence commonly known as "Putin's Palace" that it claims was constructed for Russian president Vladimir Putin and details a corruption scheme allegedly headed by Putin involving the construction of the palace. The film estimates that the residence, located near the town of Gelendzhik in Krasnodar Krai, cost over ₽100 billion (approximately $1.35 billion) with what it says was "the largest bribe in history".

Putin has said that neither he nor his family ever owned the palace and downplayed the investigation. Oligarch Arkady Rotenberg, who has close links to Putin, claimed ownership.

Gelendzhik
Gelendzhik (Russian: Геленджик; Adyghe: Хъулъыжъий, Ḣułəžij) is a resort town in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, located on the Gelendzhik Bay of the Black Sea, between Novorossiysk (31 kilometers (19 mi) to the northwest) and Tuapse (93 kilometers (58 mi) to the southeast). Greater Gelendzhik sprawls for 102 kilometers (63 mi) along the coastline and covers an area of 122,754 hectares (303,330 acres), although only 1,926 hectares (4,760 acres) fall within the boundaries of Gelendzhik proper. Population: 80,204 (2021 census); 54,980 (2010 census); 50,012 (2002 census); 47,711 (1989 Soviet census).
Augustus FitzGeorge
Colonel Sir Augustus Charles Frederick FitzGeorge, KCVO, CB (12 June 1847 – 30 October 1933) was a British Army officer and a relative of the British royal family. FitzGeorge was born in 1847 to Prince George, Duke of Cambridge, and his wife Sarah Fairbrother. His parents' marriage contravened the Royal Marriages Act 1772 and therefore invalid, thus FitzGeorge was ineligible to inherit the Dukedom of Cambridge.

FitzGeorge graduated from the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, in 1864, and served as an officer in the British Army until his retirement in 1900. He served as an aide-de-camp, accompanied Albert Edward, Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII) during his visit to India (1875–1876), and served as private secretary and equerry to his father, who was the Commander-in-Chief of the Forces. In his later years, FitzGeorge served as the chairman of the Cobalt Townsite Silver Mining Company and the Casey Cobalt Mining Company, and as president of the National Health League.

Duke of Cambridge
Duke of Cambridge is a hereditary title of nobility in the British royal family, one of several royal dukedoms in the United Kingdom. The title is named after the city of Cambridge in England. It is heritable by male descendants by primogeniture, and has been conferred five times upon members of the English and later British royal families, three times in the peerage of England and twice in the peerage of the United Kingdom.

The title of Duke of Cambridge, first created in 1660, superseded an earlier title of Earl of Cambridge. The title became extinct several times before being revived in 2011, when Queen Elizabeth II bestowed it on her grandson Prince William on 29 April 2011 upon his marriage to Catherine Middleton. Catherine became known as the Duchess of Cambridge.
Arthrorhabdus paucispinus
Arthrorhabdus paucispinus is a species of centipede in the family Scolopendridae. Endemic to Australia, it was first described in 1984 by Australian myriapodologist L. E. Koch. It is a medium-sized species, up to 64 millimetres long, with a reddish-brown head and pale brown body segments. It has 14 to 18 segments on its antennae, large teeth on the feeding mouthparts, and its last pair of legs feature short bristles and a small projection.

Insect mouthparts
Insects have mouthparts that may vary greatly across insect species, as they are adapted to particular modes of feeding. The earliest insects had chewing mouthparts. Most specialisation of mouthparts are for piercing and sucking, and this mode of feeding has evolved a number of times independently. For example, mosquitoes (which are true flies) and aphids (which are true bugs) both pierce and suck, though female mosquitoes feed on animal blood whereas aphids feed on plant fluids.