hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Macroevolution
Macroevolution comprises the evolutionary processes and patterns which occur at and above the species level. In contrast, microevolution is evolution occurring within the population(s) of a single species. In other words, microevolution is the scale of evolution that is limited to intraspecific (within-species) variation, while macroevolution extends to interspecific (between-species) variation. The evolution of new species (speciation) is an example of macroevolution. This is the common definition for 'macroevolution' used by contemporary scientists. However, the exact usage of the term has varied throughout history.

Macroevolution addresses the evolution of species and higher taxonomic groups (genera, families, orders, etc) and uses evidence from phylogenetics, the fossil record, and molecular biology to answer how different taxonomic groups exhibit different species diversity and/or morphological disparity.

Phenotypic disparity
Phenotypic disparity, also known as morphological diversity, morphological variety, morphological disparity, morphodisparity or simply disparity, refers to the variation of observable characteristics within biological groups. It was originally proposed in paleontology, and has also been introduced into the study of extant organisms. Some biologists view phenotypic disparity as an important aspect of biodiversity, while others believe that they are two different concepts.
Simon Livett
Simon Robert Livett (born 8 January 1969) is an English former football midfielder.

Livett started his career at West Ham United. He made his debut in a Second Division game against Wolverhampton Wanderers on 15 September 1990, as a replacement for the injured Stuart Slater, although he himself was struck but an injury that saw him substituted at half-time. He played in one other competitive game, an FA Cup 3rd Round game against Aldershot on 5 January 1991, and also played a Full Members' Cup game against Luton Town.

Livett joined Leyton Orient on a free transfer on 10 August 1992. He also played for Cambridge United, Dagenham & Redbridge, Southend United, Dover and Boston United.

Stuart Slater
Stuart Ian Slater (born 27 March 1969) is an English football coach and former professional footballer.

He played as a winger and forward from 1986 to 2009, notably played for West Ham United, Celtic, Ipswich Town, Leicester City and Watford, as well as representing England at under-21 and B level. Later on in his career he played for Carlton, Forest Green Rovers, Aberystwyth Town, Weston-super-Mare and Wivenhoe Town.

He later moved into coaching and has held roles at West Ham United as Academy Director before a spell as a youth team coach at Chelmsford City.
Carl Wharton
Carl Wharton is an English actor best known for playing Lord William Hunter in the series The Waking of a Nation, Sir John Cavendish in the Indian historical drama film Jaanisaar, and Forest Ranger in the Italian horror film The Perfect Husband. In addition, he has appeared in a wide range of independent and international films, earning recognition for his versatility and depth as a performer.

Jaanisaar
Jaanisaar is a 2015 Indian Hindi-language historical drama film, directed by Muzaffar Ali, and written by Javed Siddiqui, Shama Zaidi and Muzaffar Ali. Jaanisaar is the love story of a revolutionary tawaif of Awadh, India, and a prince brought up in England, set 20 years after the first war of the Indian Rebellion of 1857. The film stars Imran Abbas and Pernia Qureshi, the latter making her debut with the film. The film was released on 7 August 2015.
Cerro del León
Cerro del León is a stratovolcano located in El Loa province, Antofagasta Region, Chile. It is part of the Chilean Central Volcanic Zone and forms a volcanic lineament with neighbouring Paniri and Toconce that was active into the Holocene. Cerro del León itself was constructed in three stages by andesitic–dacitic lava flows and was subject to glacial erosion.

Andesite
Andesite (/ˈændəzaɪt/) is a volcanic rock of intermediate composition. In a general sense, it is the intermediate type between silica-poor basalt and silica-rich rhyolite. It is fine-grained (aphanitic) to porphyritic in texture, and is composed predominantly of sodium-rich plagioclase plus pyroxene or hornblende.

Andesite is the extrusive equivalent of plutonic diorite. Characteristic of subduction zones, andesite represents the dominant rock type in island arcs. The average composition of the continental crust is andesitic.  Along with basalts, andesites are a component of the Martian crust.

The name andesite is derived from the Andes mountain range, where this rock type is found in abundance. It was first applied by Christian Leopold von Buch in 1826.
Landcruisin'
"Landcruisin'" is a song by English musician Anup Paul, professionally known as A.K. Paul. It was released as his debut solo single on 24 March 2016. Written and produced by Paul, it is an R&B track backed by synths, guitars and percussion, whose sonority was likened to that of various artists.

It is the first release of Paul Institute, a platform founded by A.K. Paul and his brother Jai Paul. The song premiered on Zane Lowe's Beats 1 radio show before receiving digital, streaming, and 7-inch vinyl releases. Most music critics gave the song favorable reviews, comparing it to the works of Prince, D'Angelo, and Miguel, saying it matched expectations. However, a minority of reviewers dismissed it as inferior to the works of Jai Paul. It managed to enter the Billboard Twitter Emerging Artists chart.

Zane Lowe
Alexander Zane Reed Lowe (born 1973) is a New Zealand radio DJ, live DJ, record producer, and television presenter. After an early career in music creation, production and DJing, he moved to the UK in 1997. He came to prominence through presenting on XFM and MTV Europe (MTV Two), developing a DJ career by opening sets for bands and eventually landing a slot on prime-time radio on BBC Radio 1 from 2003 to 2015. In 2015, he was hired by Apple to be the Creative Director of their new world-wide music station, Apple Music 1.
Ukrainian Village, Chicago
Ukrainian Village is a Chicago neighborhood located on the near west side of Chicago.  Its boundaries are Division Street to the north, Grand Avenue to the south, Western Avenue to the west (although some maps extend to Campbell Street to the west), and Damen Avenue to the east. It is one of the neighborhoods in the West Town community area, and has one of the largest concentrations of Ukrainian Americans in the United States, as the commercial and spiritual hub for nearly 70,000 Ukrainians in the greater Chicago region.

Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of Chicago
The Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of Saint Nicholas of Chicago is a Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church ecclesiastical territory or eparchy of the Catholic Church in the whole Western United States and Midwest (except Ohio), Alaska, and Hawaii. As of 2020, the St. Nicholas Eparchy has 43 churches and missions in the western USA.

The bishop of the eparchy is Venedykt Aleksiychuk as of April 20, 2017. St. Nicholas Ukrainian Catholic Cathedral is the mother church of the eparchy. The Eparchy of Chicago is a suffragan eparchy in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archeparchy of Philadelphia.
Rhona Fox
Rhona Fox is an American businesswoman of Indo-Guyanese descent who founded the soca music record label Fox Fuse. Fox was born in Essequibo, Guyana, raised in Nassau, Bahamas, and is based in New York City.

Soca music
Soca music, or the "soul of calypso", is a genre of music that originated in Trinidad and Tobago in the 1970s. It is considered an offshoot of calypso, with influences from Afro-Trinidadian and Indo-Trinidadian rhythms. It was created by Ras Shorty I (or Lord Shorty) in an effort to revive traditional calypso, the popularity of which had been declining amongst younger generations in Trinidad due to the rise in popularity of reggae from Jamaica and soul and funk from the United States. From the 1980s onward, soca has developed into a range of new styles.
Stefan Karpinski
Stefan Karpinski is an American computer scientist known for being a co-creator of the Julia programming language. He is an alumnus of Harvard and works at Julia Computing, which he co-founded with Julia co-creators, Alan Edelman, Jeff Bezanson, Viral B. Shah as well as Keno Fischer and Deepak Vinchhi.

He received a B.A. in mathematics from Harvard in 2000, and has completed much of the work on a PhD in computer science from UCSB with research on modeling local area network traffic. He  is one of the four main authors of core academic papers on Julia. He speaks regularly on Julia at industry events on scientific computing, programming languages, and data science.

In 2006, Karpinski participated in the Subway Challenge, holding for some time the Guinness World Record for the fastest transit stopping at all New York City Subway stations.

Alan Edelman
Alan Stuart Edelman (born June 1963) is an American mathematician and computer scientist. He is a professor of applied mathematics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and a Principal Investigator at the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) where he leads a group in applied computing. In 2004, he founded a business called Interactive Supercomputing which was later acquired by Microsoft. Edelman is a fellow of American Mathematical Society (AMS), Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), and Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), for his contributions in numerical linear algebra, computational science, parallel computing, and random matrix theory. He is one of the creators of the technical programming language Julia.
Nancy Segal
Nancy L. Segal (born 1951) is an American evolutionary psychologist and behavioral geneticist, specializing in the study of twins. She is the professor of developmental psychology and director of the Twin Studies Center, at California State University, Fullerton. Segal was a recipient of the 2005 James Shields Award for Lifetime Contributions to Twin Research from the Behavior Genetics Association and International Society for Twin Studies.

Behavior Genetics Association
The Behavior Genetics Association (BGA) is a learned society established in 1970 that promotes research into the connections between heredity and behavior, both human and animal. Its members support education and training in behavior genetics and publish Behavior Genetics, a journal on the topic.
Fred Howard (footballer, born 1893)
Frederick J. Howard (1893 – after 1924) was an English footballer. He played in Wales with Mid Rhondda, Pontypridd, Wrexham, and Welshpool Town; in Scotland with Dundee Hibernian, Ayr United, and Clyde; and in England with Manchester City, Port Vale, and New Brighton.

New Brighton A.F.C.
New Brighton Association Football Club is the name of two former football clubs from the seaside resort of New Brighton, in Wallasey, Merseyside in England. The original club founded in 1921 were members of the Football League from 1923 until 1951, playing 21 seasons in Division 3 North but were disbanded in 1983. In 1993, a club with the same name was formed and played in the West Cheshire League, until folding in 2012.
A'rese
A'rese Emokpae (born January 13, 1988) known simply as A'rese is a Nigerian actress, singer, and audiobook narrator. She first garnered attention as a stage actress starring in Bolanle Austen-Peters' Terra Kulture production Wakaa: The Musical which led her to participate in and win the first season of The Voice Nigeria. In 2017 she gained popularity for her lead role as Senami Minasu in Africa Magic's hit series Jemeji. In the same year, she released her first single "Uwe No".

The Voice Nigeria
The Voice Nigeria is the Nigerian franchise of the TV series The Voice. It is a singing competition that features music enthusiasts and professional performers. Since its first edition in 2016 in Nigeria, the show has become the biggest rival to the Nigerian Idol. It has also produced many talents and celebrated artistes in the country and Africa at large.
1983 Men's EuroHockey Nations Championship
The 1983 Men's EuroHockey Nations Championship was the fourth edition of the Men's EuroHockey Nations Championship, the quadrennial international men's field hockey championship of Europe organized by the European Hockey Federation. It was held in Amstelveen, Netherlands from 18 to 28 August 1983.

The hosts the Netherlands won their first title by defeating the Soviet Union 8–6 in penalty strokes after the match finished 2–2 after extra time. The defending champions West Germany won the bronze medal by defeating Spain 3–1.

Spain men's national field hockey team
The Spain men's national field hockey team represents Spain in international men's field hockey competitions. It is controlled by the Royal Spanish Hockey Association, the governing body for field hockey in Spain.

Spain has competed in every European Championship or World Cup, and has qualified consistently since 1960 for the Olympic Games. They also have won medals in these three main international competitions: six at European Championships (two-time winners), three at World Cups (two-time finalists) and four at Olympic Games (three silvers and a bronze).
Hexahedrite
Hexahedrites are a structural class of iron meteorite. They are composed almost exclusively of the nickel–iron alloy kamacite and are lower in nickel content than the octahedrites. The nickel concentration in hexahedrites is always below 5.8% and only rarely below 5.3%.

The name comes from the cubic (i.e. hexahedron) structure of the kamacite crystal.
After etching, hexahedrites do not display a Widmanstätten pattern, but they often do show Neumann lines: parallel lines that cross each other at various angles, and are indicative of impact shock on the parent body. These lines are named after politician Johann Georg Neumann who discovered them in 1848.

Octahedrite
Octahedrites are the most common structural class of iron meteorites. The structures occur because the meteoric iron has a certain nickel concentration that leads to the exsolution of kamacite out of taenite while cooling.
Pak Kyusu
Pak Kyusu (Korean: 박규수; 1807–1877) was a scholar-bureaucrat, teacher, politician, and a diplomat of the Joseon period. He was known as a pioneer of the enlightenment group. Pak Kyusu was the grandson of Pak Chiwŏn, the great Silhak scholar. He was also known by the names of Hwanjae (환재; 瓛齋), Hwanjae (환재; 桓齋), Hŏnjae (헌재; 獻齋), and Hwanjaegŏsa (환재거사; 瓛齋居士).

Pak Chiwŏn (philosopher)
Pak Chiwŏn (Korean: 박지원; Hanja: 朴趾源; 1737–1805), styled Yŏnam (연암; 燕巖; lit. Rock of swallow), was a philosopher and novelist in the late Joseon dynasty. He has been regarded as one of the greatest thinkers of the so-called "Practical Learning (silhak)" movement. Pak Chiwŏn belonged to the "School of Profitable Usage and Benefiting the People" (이용후생파; 利用厚生派; Iyong Husaengp'a) to promote the industrialization of his country and the development of trade by positively introducing western technologies to Joseon Korea. Pak Chiwŏn proposed that Joseon import advanced technologies from the Qing dynasty, and promote mercantilism.

The scholars Pak Chega, Yu Deukgong and Yi Tŏngmu were influenced by Pak Chiwŏn.
Kot Cho Wai
Kot Cho Wai (Chinese: 葛祖威 (born 16 December 1991 in Hong Kong) is a former Hong Kong professional footballer who currently plays as an amateur player for Hong Kong First Division League club North District. He plays as a centre midfielder or a right midfielder.

Hong Kong First Division League
The Hong Kong First Division League (Chinese: 香港甲組聯賽) is the second-highest division in the Hong Kong football league system. Established in 1908, it is the third oldest in Asia, after Calcutta and Bombay. Moreover, it is the oldest top-flight league system in Asia. The league was formerly the highest division in Hong Kong until the formation of the Hong Kong Premier League in 2014.

Since 1908, a total of 29 clubs have been crowned champions of the Hong Kong football system. South China are the most successful club, having won 41 times since their first participation in 1941.
Military Casino of Timișoara
The Military Casino (Romanian: Cazinoul Militar), one of the oldest buildings of Timișoara, is situated on the west side of the city's Liberty Square. Its construction began in 1744 and was completed in 1775. The building eventually became a casino, although it did not start as one. At present it is listed as a historical monument with the LMI code TM-II-m-A-06143.

The Military Casino is actually the pavilion A of the building complex formally known as Casern 901 (Romanian: Cazarma 901).

National Register of Historic Monuments in Romania
The National Register of Historic Monuments (Romanian: Lista Monumentelor Istorice (LMI)) is the official English name of the Romania government's list of national heritage sites known as Monumente istorice. In Romania, these include sites, buildings, structures, and objects considered worthy of preservation due to the importance of their Romanian cultural heritage. The list, created in 2004, contains places that have been designated by the Ministry of Culture and National Patrimony of Romania and are maintained by the Romanian National Institute of Historical Monuments, as being of national historic significance.
Collo Expedition (1282)
The Expedition of Collo was a short-lived Aragonese military operation led by King Peter III of Aragon in June 1282 on the North African coast. The expedition aimed to support the rebellious governor Ibn al-Wazir in seizing Constantine from the Hafsid Sultanate. However, the operation arrived too late, as Hafsid forces had already crushed the revolt. Peter III briefly occupied and plundered the port of Collo, then withdrew, making the expedition a minor but notable episode in Aragonese ambitions in the western Mediterranean.

Constantine, Algeria
Constantine (Arabic: قسنطينة, romanized: Qusanṭīnah), also spelled Qacentina or Kasantina, is the capital of Constantine Province in northeastern Algeria. During Roman times it was called Cirta and was renamed "Constantina" in honour of Emperor Constantine the Great. Located somewhat inland, Constantine is about 80 kilometres (50 miles) from the Mediterranean coast, on the banks of the Rhumel River.

Constantine is regarded as the capital of eastern Algeria and the commercial centre of its region and has a population of about 450,000 (938,475 with the agglomeration), making it the third largest city in the country after Algiers and Oran. There are several museums and historical sites located around the city. Constantine is often referred to as the "City of Bridges" because of the numerous picturesque bridges connecting the various hills, valleys, and ravines that the city is built on and around.

Constantine was named the Arab Capital of Culture in 2015.
Chicago Stockyarders
The Chicago Stockyarders are a semi-professional rugby league football team based in Chicago, Illinois. The team was established in 2010, and played two exhibition rugby league sevens games while preparing for a fuller exhibition schedule for the 2011 AMNRL season. They originally planned to join the American National Rugby League (AMNRL), however the league has since folded and plans are currently being made to join the current first grade U.S. competition, the USA Rugby League.

Rugby league sevens
Rugby league sevens (or simply sevens) is a seven-a-side derivative of rugby league football, which is usually a thirteen-a-side sport. The game is substantially the same as full rugby league, with some rule changes and shorter games. Sevens is usually played in festivals, as its shorter game play allows for a tournament to be completed in a day or over a single weekend.

As well as being played by club sides, rugby league sevens is particularly popular with social teams, formed in the workplace or from the patrons of a public house for example, as it is often difficult in these places to form a full squad of 13 players and four substitutes of regular players. Some tournaments prefer to play rugby league nines (rugby league with nine players on each side) to distinguish it from rugby union sevens.
2011 NBA playoffs
The 2011 NBA playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association's 2010–11 season. The tournament concluded with the Western Conference champion Dallas Mavericks defeating the Eastern Conference champion Miami Heat 4 games to 2 in the NBA Finals. Dirk Nowitzki was named NBA Finals MVP.

2007 NBA playoffs
The 2007 NBA playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association's 2006–07 season. The tournament concluded with the Western Conference champion San Antonio Spurs defeating the Eastern Conference champion Cleveland Cavaliers 4 games to 0 in the NBA Finals. Tony Parker was named NBA Finals MVP, making him the second Spur after Tim Duncan and the first European–born player to receive the award.
Hush, Hush
Hush, Hush is a 2009 New York Times bestselling young adult paranormal romance novel by Becca Fitzpatrick and the first book in the Hush, Hush series. The novel focuses on Nora Grey, a teenager whose life is at risk after beginning a romance with new student Patch Cipriano, a fallen angel with a dark connection to Nora.

The novel received enthusiastic reviews and book rights to Hush, Hush have been sold to over 13 countries, with LD Entertainment purchasing film rights.

LD Entertainment
LD Entertainment, LLC (formerly known as Liddell Entertainment) is an independent American film studio and sales company, founded in 2007 by Mickey Liddell. The company is headquartered in Los Angeles, California and run by Liddell, who formerly worked with Greg Berlanti at Berlanti/Liddell Productions (now Berlanti Productions).
Conway Commercial Historic District
The Conway Commercial Historic District encompasses the historic commercial heart of Conway, Arkansas.  The area, roughly bounded by Main Street on the south, Harkrider and Spencer Streets on the east, just south of Mill Street to the north, and Locust Street to the west, was developed between 1879 and 1960, and includes representative architecture from four major phases of the city's development.  It includes the city's oldest commercial building, the 1879 Frauenthal & Schwarz Building.

The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.

Frauenthal & Schwarz Building
The Frauenthal & Schwarz Building, also known as the Front Street Mall. is a historic commercial building at 824 Front Street in Conway, Arkansas.  It was designed by architects Sanders & Ginocchio and built in 1925 as a major expansion and renovation of an 1879 building.  It is a two-story structure, built of brick, steel, and concrete.  Its ground floor storefront consists of plate glass windows and two double-leaf doorways, sheltered by a flat metal overhang.  The upper floor has four groups of six windows, each consisting of larger-paned sections topped by smaller-paned ones.  A decorative cornice with Mediterranean touches and flattened Italianate brackets extends above them.  The building is one of the city's architecturally finest surviving commercial structures of the 1920s, designed by a prominent firm.

The building was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1992.