hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Transmutation of species
The Transmutation of species and transformism are 18th and early 19th-century ideas about the change of one species into another that preceded Charles Darwin's theory of evolution through natural selection. The French Transformisme was a term used by Jean Baptiste Lamarck in 1809 for his theory, and other 18th and 19th century proponents of pre-Darwinian evolutionary ideas included Denis Diderot, Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Erasmus Darwin, Robert Grant, and Robert Chambers, the anonymous author of the 1844 book Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation. Such ideas were associated with 18th century ideas of Deism and human progress. Opposition in the scientific community to these early theories of evolution, led by influential scientists like the anatomists Georges Cuvier and Richard Owen, and the geologist Charles Lyell, was intense. The debate over them was an important stage in the history of evolutionary thought and influenced the subsequent reaction to Darwin's theory.

Erasmus Darwin
Erasmus Robert Darwin FRS (12 December 1731 – 18 April 1802) was an English physician. One of the key thinkers of the Midlands Enlightenment, he was also a natural philosopher, physiologist, abolitionist, inventor, freemason, and poet.

His poems included much natural history, including a statement of evolution and the relatedness of all forms of life.

He was a member of the Darwin–Wedgwood family, which includes his grandsons Charles Darwin and Francis Galton. Darwin was a founding member of the Lunar Society of Birmingham, a discussion group of pioneering industrialists and natural philosophers.

He turned down an invitation from George III to become Physician to the King.
Bridgestone 350 GTR
The Bridgestone 350 GTR was a standard motorcycle built by the motorcycle division of Bridgestone from 1967 until 1971. It had an air-cooled 345 cc (21.1 cu in) two-stroke Straight-twin engine, which produced 37 hp (27.6 kW; 37.5 PS) at 7,500 rpm, and could hit a claimed top speed of 95 mph (153 km/h). A roadtest article in Motorcycle Mechanics magazine dated April 1968 puts the top speed as 108 mph and the average mpg as 65. Standing start 1/4 mile was 91mph in 15 seconds.

Approximately 9,000 units were built. It was the last motorcycle built by the company, as they opted to focus on producing tyres instead.

Straight-twin engine
A straight-twin engine (also known as an inline-twin, vertical-twin, inline-2, or parallel-twin) is a two-cylinder piston engine whose cylinders are arranged in a line along a common crankshaft.

Straight-twin engines are primarily used in motorcycles; other uses include automobiles, marine vessels, snowmobiles, jet skis, all-terrain vehicles, tractors and ultralight aircraft.

Various different crankshaft configurations have been used for straight-twin engines, with the most common being 360 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees.
German submarine U-3507
German submarine U-3507 was a Type XXI U-boat (one of the "Elektroboote") of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, built for service in World War II. She was ordered on 6 November 1943, and was laid down on 19 July 1944 at F Schichau GmbH, Danzig, as yard number 1652. She was launched on 16 September 1944, and commissioned under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Otto Niethmann on 19 October 1944.

Elektroboot
An Elektroboot ("electric boat" in German) was a submarine designed to operate entirely submerged, rather than as submersibles that could submerge as a temporary means to escape detection or launch an attack.
My Demon Lover
My Demon Lover is a 1987 American comedy horror film directed by Charlie Loventhal and written by Leslie Ray. The film stars Scott Valentine, Michele Little, Robert Trebor, Gina Gallego, Alan Fudge, Calvert DeForest and Arnold Johnson. The film was released on April 24 by New Line Cinema.

In the film, a young woman starts a romantic relationship with a street musician. She is unaware that her cursed boyfriend transforms into a demon whenever he feels aroused. Meanwhile, the boyfriend fears that his demonic alter ego may be responsible for a recent series of murders.

Gina Gallego
Georgina Maria Gallego is an American actress, known for her work in television. Her credits include: 1981 Sanford (Season 2 episode 8), Buck Rogers in the 25th Century, Flamingo Road (as Alicia Sanchez), Remington Steele, Airwolf, Rituals (as Diandra Santiago Gallagher), Knight Rider, Lust in the Dust, Santa Barbara (as Santana Andrade), Seinfeld, Beverly Hills, 90210, ER, NYPD Blue, JAG and The O.C.  She appeared in the 2009 horror film Murder World alongside Scout Taylor-Compton. In 2010, Gallego joined the cast of Days of Our Lives as recurring character, Warden Smith. She recurs on Crazy Ex-Girlfriend as the mostly mute Mrs. Hernandez.
Ram Bilas Sharma (politician)
Ram Bilas Sharma (born 25 July 1950) is an Indian former Cabinet Minister in Bharatiya Janata Party's Government of Haryana, and former education minister and politician who has represented the Mahendragarh constituency as an MLA in the northern state of Haryana five times.

Government of Haryana
Government of Haryana, also known as the State Government of Haryana, or locally as the Haryana Government, is the supreme governing authority of the Indian state of Haryana and its 22 districts. It consists of an executive, ceremonially led by the Governor of Haryana and otherwise by the Chief Minister, a judiciary, and a legislative branch.
The Swimming Pool Q's
The Swimming Pool Q's are an American new wave/jangle pop band formed in Atlanta, Georgia in 1978. They released five albums: The Deep End, The Swimming Pool Q's, Blue Tomorrow, World War Two Point Five, and Royal Academy of Reality.

Jangle pop
Jangle pop is a subgenre of pop rock and indie rock that emphasizes jangly guitars and 1960s-style pop melodies. The "jangly" guitar sound is characterized by its clean, shimmering and arpeggiated tone, often created using 12-string electric guitars. The term is usually applied to late 1970s/early 1980s bands emerging from the post-punk scene, often influenced by 1960s groups such as the Byrds. Notable acts include Big Star, R.E.M. and the Smiths.
BearingPoint
BearingPoint (parent company: BearingPoint Europe Holdings B.V.) is a multinational management and technology consulting firm headquartered in Amsterdam, Netherlands. It has operations in 24 countries with around 6,200 employees.

The firm originated from  the consulting services operations of KPMG; they became  a distinct business unit in 1997, and demerged entirely in  2000. After an IPO in 2001, the company was renamed BearingPoint Inc. in October 2002.

In February 2009 the company's US unit filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. Parts of the business were sold to Deloitte, PwC, CSC, and Perot Systems. 
Following restructuring and a management buyout in August 2009, BearingPoint's continuing operations were organized as a Netherlands-based partnership.

Perot Systems
Perot Systems Corporation was an information technology services provider founded in 1988 by a group of investors led by Ross Perot and based in Plano, Texas, United States. Perot Systems provided information technology services in the industries of health care, government, manufacturing, banking, insurance and others. Perot Systems was especially strong in health care industries with services such as digitizing and automating medical records.

A Fortune 1000 corporation with offices in more than 25 countries, Perot Systems employed more than 23,000 people and had an annual revenue of $2.8 billion prior to its acquisition for $3.9 billion in 2009 by Dell, Inc. as Dell Services. Dell Services was then acquired by NTT Data in November 2016.
Sherbrooke (Province of Canada electoral district)
Sherbrooke was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly of the Parliament of the Province of Canada, in Canada East.  It was centred primarily on the town of Sherbrooke in the Eastern Townships.

The district was created in 1841, based on the previous electoral district of the same name for the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada, but with some significant alterations, to include the neighbouring town of Lennoxville.  The new boundaries were drawn by the Governor General of the Province of Canada, Lord Sydenham, to favour the anglophone voters, who would be likely to support the Governor General's government and the new Province of Canada, formed from the former provinces of Lower Canada and Upper Canada.  The boundaries of the electoral district were an example of an ethnic and linguistic gerrymander.

Sherbrooke electoral district was represented by one member in the Legislative Assembly.  It was abolished in 1867, upon the creation of Canada and the province of Quebec.

Lennoxville, Quebec
Lennoxville (French pronunciation: [lɛnɔksvil]) is an arrondissement, or borough, of the city of Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada. Lennoxville is located at the confluence of the St. Francis and Massawippi Rivers, approximately 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) south of downtown Sherbrooke.

Lennoxville had previously existed as an independent city until January 1, 2002, when the city of Lennoxville, along with several other formerly independent towns and cities in the region, were merged with the city of Sherbrooke. A demerger referendum held on June 20, 2004, failed to attract the required majority of votes to reestablish Lennoxville as an independent city.
Agarakavan
40°20′00″N 44°04′00″E﻿ / ﻿40.33333°N 44.06667°E﻿ / 40.33333; 44.06667

Agarakavan (Armenian: Ագարակավան) is a village in the Talin Municipality of the Aragatsotn Province of Armenia. It was populated by Armenian genocide survivors from Van in 1920.

Aragatsotn Province
Aragatsotn (Armenian: Արագածոտն, Armenian pronunciation: [ɑɾɑɡɑˈt͡sɔtən] ⓘ) is a province (marz) of Armenia. It is located in the western part of the country. The capital and largest city of the province is the town of Ashtarak. The Statistical Committee of Armenia reported its population was 128,941 in the 2022 census.
That's Right!
That's Right! is an album by jazz cornetist Nat Adderley and the Big Sax Section, released on the Riverside label and featuring Adderley with his brother Cannonball Adderley, Jimmy Heath, Charlie Rouse, Yusef Lateef, Tate Houston, Wynton Kelly, Jim Hall/Les Spann, Sam Jones, and Jimmy Cobb.

Jimmy Heath
James Edward Heath (October 25, 1926 – January 19, 2020), nicknamed Little Bird, was an American jazz saxophonist, composer, arranger, and big band leader. He was the brother of bassist Percy Heath and drummer Albert Heath.
Sanam (1997 film)
Sanam is a 1997 Hindi language romantic drama action film directed and produced by Aziz Sejawal. Written by Anees Bazmee, it starred Sanjay Dutt, Manisha Koirala, Vivek Mushran, Anupam Kher, Dalip Tahil, Kader Khan, Anjan Srivastav, Gulshan Grover and Shakti Kapoor. The music, composed by Anand–Milind, was the biggest strength of this film. The movie did average business at the box office.

Dalip Tahil
Dalip Tahil (born Dalip Tahilramani; 30 October 1952) is an Indian film, television and theatre actor. He is best known for his work in Baazigar (1993), Raja (1995), Hum Hain Rahi Pyar Ke (1993) and Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak (1988), Pyaar Ki Miss Call (2009) along with actor Gaurav Prateek. In the UK, he appeared in the BBC soap opera EastEnders as Dan Ferreira, the head of the Ferreira family, from June to December 2003.
Bengal Army
The Bengal Army was the army of the Bengal Presidency, one of the three presidencies of British India within the British Empire.

It was formed in 1756 and underwent various re-organisations, including the creation of irregular infantry and cavalry regiments during the 1840s. It was originally recruited from high-caste Hindus but more diversity was introduced after 1857.

The presidency armies, like the presidencies themselves, belonged to the East India Company (EIC) until the Government of India Act 1858, passed in the aftermath of the Indian Rebellion of 1857, transferred all three presidencies to the direct authority of the British Crown. In 1895 the three presidency armies were merged into the British Indian Army.

1st Horse (Skinner's Horse)
The 1st Horse (Skinner's Horse) is a regiment of the Armoured Corps of the Indian Army. It traces its origins as a cavalry regiment from the times of the East India Company, followed by its service in the British Indian Army and finally, after independence as the fourth oldest and one of the senior cavalry regiments of the Armoured Corps of the Indian Army.
Franklin Townsend
Franklin Townsend (1821–1898) was descended from Henry Townsend, one of the founders of Oyster Bay, New York. He was a 19th-century industrialist, active in his family's iron business which was a branch of the Stirling Iron Works, the maker of the Hudson River Chain that prevented the British Royal Navy from sailing up the Hudson River during the American Revolutionary War. He was active in Albany politics, serving as an alderman and one term as mayor. He also served as Adjutant General of New York from 1869 to 1873.

Sterling Iron Works
The Sterling Iron Works owned by Peter Townsend was one of the first steel and iron manufacturers in the Thirteen Colonies and the first steel producer in the Province of New York.  The company was most famous for forging the Hudson River Chain that kept the British Navy from sailing up the Hudson during the American Revolution, and served to protect the strategically important fort at West Point. The works were operational from 1761 to 1842.
Zindagi (1940 film)
Zindagi (transl. The Life) is a 1940 Indian film, directed by Pramathesh Barua and produced by Birendranath Sircar. Starring K. L. Saigal, Jamuna Barua, Pahari Sanyal, Shyam Laha, Sitara Devi, and Nemo, it revolves around Ratan, an unemployed university graduate, and his relationship with Shrimati, who is on the run from her cruel husband.

Earning ₹55 lakhs net (valued at about ₹39.78 crore in 2009), Zindagi was the highest-grossing Indian film at the time of its release, before its record was broken by Khazanchi in 1941.

The film has been described as one of Barua's "most beautiful films, and his last for New Theatres". It was the last film by Barua for New Theatres. Barua later married Jamuna as his second wife. This film was remade into Bengali as Priyo Bandhabi in 1943 and directed By Soumen Mukherjee. No copy of the film is known to exist, making it a lost film.

Pahari Sanyal
Pahari Sanyal (22 February 1906 – 10 February 1974) was an Indian actor and singer who is known for his work in Bengali cinema.

Sanyal acted in many Bengali films, such as Harano Sur, Bhanu Goenda Jahar Assistant, and Shilpi. Besides being a supporting character actor, Sanyal has also played lead roles in his portrayal of Bengali reformer Vidyasagar and the poet, playwright and actor Girishchandra Ghosh in "Mahakabi Girishchandra". He played the small role of an ornithologist in Satyajit Ray's Kanchenjungha and later a character role in "Aranyaer Din Ratri". He has also acted in some Hindi films like the Raj Kapoor vehicle Jagte Raho, the dual version of "Aradhana" directed by Sakti Samanta and English films such as the Merchant Ivory Productions venture The Householder.
Łaskarzew
Łaskarzew [wasˈkaʐɛf] is a town in Garwolin County (15 kilometres (9 miles) from Garwolin), Masovian Voivodeship, Poland, with 4,908 inhabitants (2006). It is located on the Promnik river, which is a tributary of the Vistula, near the Garwolin Forests, on the border of historic Polish provinces of Lesser Poland and Mazovia.

Garwolin
Garwolin [ɡarˈvɔlʲin] ⓘ is a town on the Wilga river in eastern Poland, capital of Garwolin County, situated in the southeast part of the Garwolin plateau in Masovian Voivodeship, 62 km (39 mi) southeast of Warsaw, 100 km (62 mi) northwest of Lublin. As of December 2021, the town has 17,566 inhabitants.
Darien Butler
Darien Butler (born March 1, 2000) is an American professional football linebacker for the Orlando Storm of the United Football League (UFL). He has previously played in the National Football League (NFL) for the Las Vegas Raiders. He played college football at Arizona State.

Orlando Storm
The Orlando Storm are an upcoming professional American football team based in Orlando, Florida. The Storm compete in the United Football League (UFL). The team was announced on October 7, 2025 as part of several major updates to the UFL which saw the replacement of three existing teams and the re-branding of others. The Storm are owned and operated by the UFL (a consortium of Mike Repole, Dwayne Johnson, Dany Garcia, RedBird Capital Partners and Fox Corporation) and play their home games at Inter&Co Stadium.
Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Challenge USA 2008
Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Challenge USA 2008 is an Indian television singing competition show that premiered on 20 June 2008 on Zee TV channel. It is the first instalment of the Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Challenge series in US and the 6th public voting competition in the Sa Re Ga Ma Pa series. Chronologically, the show is preceded by Sa Re Ga Ma Pa L'il Champs International, however systematically it is followed by Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Challenge 2009.

Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Li'l Champs International
Sa Re Ga Ma Pa L'il Champs International is an Indian televised children's singing competition announced by Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Challenge 2007 host, Aditya Narayan, on 28 July 2007. The season began on 19 October 2007 with 28 contestants. The show was broadcast on Fridays, Saturdays and Sundays. Anamika Choudhari won this competition on 1 March 2008. It is the second instalment of the "Sa Re Ga Ma Pa L'il Champs" series and the fifth public voting competition in the "Sa Re Ga Ma Pa" series. Chronologically, the show was preceded by Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Challenge 2007.

Narayan mentioned that children aged 6–14 worldwide could send recordings of their songs on a CD if they wished to participate in the competition. Furthermore, on 13 October 2007, Narayan also added that Pritam and Sonu Nigam would be the judges of the show. However, Pritam was later replaced by Suresh Wadkar.
Marquis Grissom
Marquis Deon Grissom (born April 17, 1967) is an American former professional baseball center fielder. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Montreal Expos, Atlanta Braves, Cleveland Indians, Milwaukee Brewers, Los Angeles Dodgers, and San Francisco Giants between 1989 and 2005.

With the Expos, Grissom led the National League (NL) in stolen bases in 1991 and 1992, and represented the NL in the MLB All-Star Game in 1993 and 1994. He won the 1995 World Series as a member of the Braves. Grissom won four consecutive Gold Glove Awards from 1993 to 1996.

Center fielder
A center fielder, abbreviated CF, is the outfielder in baseball who plays defense in center field – the baseball and softball fielding position between left field and right field. In the numbering system used to record defensive plays, the center fielder is assigned the number 8.
Podanur Junction railway station
Podanur Junction railway station (station code: PTJ) is an Indian railway station in Podanur, Coimbatore. It comes under the purview of the Salem railway division of Southern Railway zone and is categorised as NSG-4 under the Indian railway station classification system.

Podanur
10°57′00″N 76°59′00″E﻿ / ﻿10.95000°N 76.98333°E﻿ / 10.95000; 76.98333

Podanur or Pothanoor or Pothanur (Pōttaṉūr) is a neighbourhood in the city of Coimbatore in Tamil Nadu, India. Its history goes back to the creation of a major railway station and colony during British rule. The station was a major hub and is functional since 1862, after Royapuram Railway station.
Mátyás Godina
Mátyás Godina (Slovene: Matjaž Godina, Prekmurje Slovene: Mátjaš Godina) (c. 1768 – January 1, 1835) was a Slovene Lutheran pastor, writer, and teacher in Hungary.

Born in Lemerje, Godina's family was of minor nobility. He went to school in Surd in Somogy County, where he lived and worked with two Slovene writers: István Küzmics and Mihály Bakos. Godina graduated from the Lutheran Lyceum of Sopron and returned to his home region Tótság (Prekmurje) as a consecrated priest.

Between 1793 and 1799, Godina worked as a teacher, and after the death of the priest István Szmodis Godina became the pastor in 1821. From 1821 until his death, Godina was a priest and a teacher in Gornji Petrovci.

Godina wrote church hymns, sermons, and school curricula in the Prekmurje dialect.

István Küzmics
István Küzmics (also known in Slovene as Štefan or Števan Küzmič, c.1723 – December 22, 1779) was the most critical Lutheran writer of the Slovenes in Hungary.

He was born at Strukovci, in the Prekmurje region of what was then Vas County, in the Kingdom of Hungary (now in Slovenia). His father György Küzmics (1703–1769) was a tailor. From 1733 to 1747 he went to school in Sopron and Győr, and studied at the lyceum in Pozsony (now Bratislava).  He later became a pastor and teacher in the Slovene-speaking towns of  Nemescsó (1751–1755) and Surd (1755–1779), in what is now Zala County, but was then part of Somogy, an area where many Slovene families settled in the 17th and 18th centuries. He also wrote catechisms and schoolbooks, and translated the New Testament into Prekmurje Slovene. The translated text, Nouvi zakon ali testamentom, was published in the German town of Halle in 1771.  He died at Surd.
Dalbir Singh Suhag
General Dalbir Singh Suhag, PVSM, UYSM, AVSM, VSM, ADC (born 28 December 1954) is a former Indian High Commissioner to Seychelles and a former Chief of the Army Staff (COAS) of the Indian Army. He was the 26th  COAS of the Indian Army, serving from 31 July 2014 to 31 December 2016, and Vice Chief of the Army Staff prior to that.

General (India)
General is a four-star general officer rank in the Indian Army. It is the highest active rank in the Indian Army. General ranks above the three-star rank of lieutenant general and below the five-star rank of field marshal, which is largely a war-time or ceremonial rank.

A general may be referred to as a full general or four-star general to distinguish them from lower general officer ranks like lieutenant general and major general. The equivalent rank in the Indian Navy is admiral and in the Indian Air Force is air chief marshal.

As of 2024, there are two serving full generals in the Indian Armed Forces, General Anil Chauhan, the Chief of Defence Staff and Chairman, Chiefs of Staff Committee, and General Upendra Dwiwedi, the Chief of the Army Staff.
Sanjay Karol
Sanjay Karol (born 23 August 1961) is serving as a judge in Supreme Court of India. He is a former chief justice of the Patna High Court and Tripura High Court. He has also served as judge and acting chief justice of the Himachal Pradesh High Court. He also served as Advocate General of Himachal Pradesh.

Tripura High Court
The Tripura High Court is the High Court of the state of Tripura.  It was established on 23 March 2013, after making suitable amendments in the Constitution of India and North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) Act, 1971. The seat of the High Court is at Agartala, the capital of Tripura. The first Chief Justice was Justice Deepak Gupta (23 March 2013 to 16 May 2016)  Earlier, the state of Tripura along with the other six states of the North - East of India was under the Guwahati High Court, a permanent bench of the Guwahati High Court was established in Agartala in the year 1992 having territorial jurisdiction of the state of Tripura.

The current chief justice is M.S. Ramachandra Rao. He took oath on 22 April 2025.