hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Taganrog constituency
The Taganrog constituency (No.151) is a Russian legislative constituency in Rostov Oblast. The constituency covers western Rostov Oblast, including the industrial city Taganrog, and stretches to north-western Rostov-on-Don.

The constituency has been represented since 2021 by United Russia deputy Sergey Burlakov, a businessman and karate paralympian, who won the open seat left vacant by the resignation of one-term United Russia deputy Yury Kobzev in December 2020.

Rostov-on-Don
Rostov-on-Don, or simply Rostov, is a port city and the administrative centre of Rostov Oblast and the Southern Federal District of Russia. It lies in the southeastern part of the East European Plain on the Don River, 32 kilometers (20 mi) from the Sea of Azov, directly north of the North Caucasus. The southwestern suburbs of the city lie above the Don river delta. Rostov-on-Don has a population of over one million people and is an important cultural, educational, economic and logistical centre of Southern Russia.
Bad Man's Bluff
Bad Man's Bluff is a lost 1926 American silent Western film directed by Alan James and starring Jay Wilsey, Molly Malone and Frank Whitson. It was the last film to be distributed under the Associated Exhibitors banner following its merger with Pathe Exchange. Future star Gary Cooper appeared as an extra.

Molly Malone (actress)
Violet Isabel Malone (stage name Molly Malone) (February 2, 1888 – February 14, 1952) was an American actress of the silent film era. She appeared in more than 80 films between 1916 and 1929. Her father, Lewis Malone, was a metallurgist for mining companies. Her mother was Violet St. John, born in Nebraska to immigrant parents from England.

She started her movie career aged 17 and soon caught the eye of comedic actor and director Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle, who cast her in a number of his shorts including Back Stage and The Garage plus his feature film The Round-Up. She also appeared in films directed by John Ford and Clarence Badger. Her last film was the Universal-Stern silent comedy short The Newlyweds' Pest in 1929.
Gumyōji Station (Yokohama Municipal Subway)
Gumyōji Station (弘明寺駅, Gumyōji-eki) is an underground metro station located in Minami-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan operated by the Yokohama Municipal Subway’s Blue Line (Line 1). Note that Gumyōji Station of the Keikyū Main Line is located about 500 m away, on the other side of the Gumyōji Kannon Shopping Street (弘明寺かんのん通り商店街).

Yokohama Municipal Subway
Yokohama Municipal Subway (横浜市営地下鉄, Yokohama-shiei chikatetsu) is a rapid transit system that serves Yokohama in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, and is operated by the Yokohama City Transportation Bureau.

The network consists of two routes, the Blue Line and the Green Line which together extend for approximately 53.4 kilometres and include 42 stations.
Dongling Lake
Dongling Lake is a lake in the Qarhan Playa north of Golmud in the Haixi Prefecture of Qinghai Province in northwestern China. Like the other lakes of the surrounding Qaidam Basin, it is extremely saline.

Qaidam Basin
The Qaidam, Tsaidam, or Chaidamu Basin is a hyperarid basin that occupies a large part of Haixi Prefecture in Qinghai Province, China. The basin covers an area of approximately 120,000 km2 (46,000 sq mi), one-fourth of which is covered by saline lakes and playas. Around one third of the basin, about 35,000 km2 (14,000 sq mi), is desert.
Peter I of Moldavia
Petru (Peter) I may have been a Voivode (prince) of Moldavia from the end of 1367 to after July 1368. Several historians, including Constantin Rezachevici and Ioan Aurel Pop, believe him to have been the son of Prince Ştefan, the oldest son of voivode Bogdan I of Moldavia, while others, including historian Juliusz Demel, considered him to be the son of Costea of Moldavia with a daughter of Bogdan I. In the second hypothesis, there was no such voivode of Moldavia in 1367-1368, the first using the regnal name Petru being Petru II of Moldavia.

Peter II of Moldavia
Petru (Peter) Mușat (d. 1391) was Voivode (prince) of Moldavia from 1375 to 1391, the maternal grandson of Bogdan I, the first ruler from the dynastic House of Bogdan, succeeding Lațcu, Bogdan's son and successor who converted to Catholicism. According to one significant hypothesis, he may have been the first voivode of Moldavia under this regnal name, and should be referred to as Petru I of Moldavia. After 2000, Romanian historian Constantin Rezachevici proposed a novel timeline of Moldavian rulers, according to which Petru Mușat would be referred as Petru II.
Teresa Torrelles
Teresa Torrelles Espina (27 May 1908 – 18 May 1991) was a Catalan trade unionist, anarcha-feminist activist and hospital administrator. Having worked in the textile industry from an early age, Torrelles joined the anarcho-syndicalist movement at the age of 16. She moved to Terrassa, where she organised a local women's group, which established a libertarian library and secular school. She successfully pushed for the adoption of working women's demands, such as equal pay for equal work and maternity leave, by the local branch of the Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT). She also helped establish the Mujeres Libres, the women's organisation of the CNT. During the Spanish Civil War, she worked as a hospital administrator, overseeing the construction of a clinic with a functioning maternity ward in Terrassa. After the war, she fled to France, then Argentina and Venezuela, before moving back to France, where she died in 1991.

Equal pay for equal work
Equal pay for equal work is the concept of labour rights that individuals in the same workplace be given equal pay. It is most commonly used in the context of sexual discrimination, in relation to the gender pay gap. Equal pay relates to the full range of payments and benefits, including basic pay, non-salary payments, bonuses and allowances. Some countries have moved faster than others in addressing equal pay.
Eddie Rickenbacker
Edward Vernon Rickenbacker (born Edward Rickenbacher, October 8, 1890 – July 23, 1973) was an American fighter pilot in World War I and a Medal of Honor recipient. With 26 aerial victories, he was the most successful and most decorated United States flying ace of the war. He was also a racing driver, an automotive designer, and a long-time head of Eastern Air Lines.

Carl Spaatz
Carl Andrew Spaatz (born Spatz; 28 June 1891 – 14 July 1974), nicknamed "Tooey", was an American World War II general. As commander of Strategic Air Forces in Europe in 1944, he successfully pressed for the bombing of the enemy's oil production facilities as a priority over other targets. He became Chief of Staff of the newly formed United States Air Force in 1947.
Low-floor bus
A low-floor bus is a bus or trolleybus that has no steps between the ground and the floor of the bus at one or more entrances, and low floor for part or all of the passenger cabin. A bus with a partial low floor may also be referred to as a low-entry bus or seldom a flat-floor bus in some locations.

Low floor refers to a bus deck that is accessible from the sidewalk with only a single step with a small height difference, caused solely by the difference between the bus deck and sidewalk. This is distinct from high-floor, a bus deck design that requires climbing one or more steps (now known as step entrance) to access the interior floor that is placed at a higher height.  Being low-floor improves the accessibility of the bus for the public, particularly the elderly and people with disabilities, including those using wheelchairs and walkers. Almost all are rear-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout.

Minibus
A minibus, microbus, minicoach, or short bus is a passenger-carrying motor vehicle that is designed to carry more people than a multi-purpose vehicle or minivan, but fewer people than a full-size bus. In the United Kingdom, the word "minibus" is used to describe any full-sized passenger-carrying van or panel truck. Minibuses have a seating capacity of between 12 and 30. Larger minibuses may be called midibuses. Minibuses are typically front-engine step-in vehicles, although low floor minibuses are particularly common in Japan.
James C. Letton
James Carey Letton (June 9, 1933 – March 26, 2013) was an American organic chemist known for his work in pharmaceutical chemistry. He was named the first African American member of P&G's Victor Mills Society. He held a number of patents, including developing the fat substitute Olestra.

Olestra
Olestra (also known by its brand name Olean) is a fat substitute food additive that adds no metabolizable calories  to products. It has been used in the preparation of otherwise high-fat foods, thereby lowering or eliminating their fat content.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved olestra for use in the US as a replacement for fats and oils in prepackaged ready-to-eat snacks in 1996, concluding that such use "meets the safety standard for food additives, reasonable certainty of no harm".: 46399  In the early 2000s, olestra lost popularity due to supposed side effects and is largely phased out, but products containing the ingredient are available in some countries. As of 2024, no products using olestra are sold in the United States.
2003 Birmingham, Alabama mayoral election
The 2003 Birmingham, Alabama mayoral election was held on November 4, 2003, following a primary election on October 14, 2003, to elect the mayor of Birmingham, Alabama. Incumbent Mayor Bernard Kincaid ran for re-election to a second term. He faced seventeen opponents in the election, including former interim Mayor William A. Bell, whom Kincaid had defeated in 1999, and City Councilmembers Carole Smitherman, Lee Loder, Roderick Royal, and Gwen Sykes.

In the primary election, Kincaid received 32 percent of the vote. He faced Smitherman, who defeated Bell for second place, 23–18 percent, in the runoff election. Kincaid defeated Smitherman in the runoff election with 54 percent of the vote.

Carole Smitherman
Carole Catlin Smitherman (born 1952) is a retired American politician and jurist, serving as the Dean of Miles Law School.  Smitherman served in 2009 as the 31st Mayor of Birmingham, Alabama and spent several years as a member of the City Council before resigning to assume her current judicial position.
Nijō Tameakira
Nijō Tameakira (二条為明, 1295–1364), also known as Fujiwara no Tameakira (藤原為定), was a Japanese courtier and waka poet of the late Kamakura period and Nanbokuchō period.

He was tied to Emperor Go-Daigo early in the latter's conflict with the Kamakura shogunate and was exiled to Shikoku, but returned to the capital during the Kenmu Restoration.

Later in his life, he was closely linked with the second Muromachi shōgun, Ashikaga Yoshiakira, and was assigned to the compilation of the Shinshūi Wakashū, the nineteenth imperial anthology of waka poetry, but died before it could be completed.

Emperor Go-Daigo
Emperor Go-Daigo (後醍醐天皇 Go-Daigo-tennō) (26 November 1288 – 19 September 1339) was the 96th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. He successfully overthrew the Kamakura shogunate in 1333 and established the short-lived Kenmu Restoration to bring the Imperial House back into power. This was to be the last time the emperor had real power until the Meiji Restoration in 1868. The Kenmu restoration was in turn overthrown by Ashikaga Takauji in 1336, ushering in the Ashikaga shogunate. The overthrow split the imperial family into two opposing factions between the Ashikaga backed Northern Court situated in Kyoto and the Southern Court based in Yoshino. The Southern Court was led by Go-Daigo and his later successors.
Eggishorn
The Eggishorn is a mountain in the southeastern part of the Bernese Alps, located north of Fiesch in the Swiss canton of Valais. A cable car station is located on a secondary summit named Fiescherhorli (2,893 m), 500 metres south of the main peak.

The Eggishorn lies within the Jungfrau-Aletsch-Bietschhorn region, which in 2001 was designated by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. On its northern flank is the Aletsch Glacier. From the summit the view extends also to the Lepontine and Pennine Alps (Dom, Matterhorn, Weisshorn).

Together with Fiescherhorli and Bettmerhorn, Eggishorn forms a ridge, running in a direction from north-northeast to south-southwest, with steep slopes on both sides, facing Aletsch Glacier in the west and the mountain plateau of Fiescheralpe above the Rhone valley in the 
east. In terms of its geology, this mountain ridge is part of the metamorphic coat of the granitic Aarmassif; predominant rock types are gneiss and schist.

Bettmerhorn
The Bettmerhorn is a mountain of the Bernese Alps, located north of Bettmeralp in the Swiss canton of Valais. The summit can be reached with a 30-minute vertical hike after ascending most of the mountain by cable car from the car free village of Bettmeralp. Bettmeralp is accessible by cable car from the Betten train station (Matterhorn Gotthard Bahn).

The Bettmerhorn summit station offers impressive views on the Bernese Alps and the Aletsch Glacier, the largest in the Alps. The view also extends to the Lepontine and Pennine Alps (Dom, Matterhorn, Weisshorn).
Shay Fields
Shay Fields (born June 22, 1996) is an American former professional football wide receiver. He played college football for Colorado. He previously played for the Washington Redskins and Denver Broncos of the National Football League (NFL), San Diego Fleet of the Alliance of American Football (AAF), Calgary Stampeders of the Canadian Football League (CFL), and Panasonic Impulse of the X-League.

Panasonic Impulse
The Panasonic Impulse is an American football team based in Kadoma, Osaka, Japan.  The Impulse compete in the X-League, and are a member of the top tier X1 Super division along with Fujitsu Frontiers, Obic Seagulls, IBM Big Blue, Nojima Sagamihara Rise, Elecom Kobe Finies, Tokyo Gas Creators, and All Mitsubishi Lions. The team currently holds 8 Japan X Bowl championship titles along with 4 Rice Bowl Championships.
Probability-generating function
In probability theory, the probability generating function of a discrete random variable is a power series representation (the generating function) of the probability mass function of the random variable.  Probability generating functions are often employed for their succinct description of the sequence of probabilities Pr(X = i) in the probability mass function for a random variable X, and to make available the well-developed theory of power series with non-negative coefficients.

Probability mass function
In probability and statistics, a probability mass function (sometimes called probability function or frequency function) is a function that gives the probability that a discrete random variable is exactly equal to some value.  Sometimes it is also known as the discrete probability density function. The probability mass function is often the primary means of defining a discrete probability distribution, and such functions exist for either scalar or multivariate random variables whose domain is discrete.

A probability mass function differs from a continuous probability density function (PDF) in that the latter is associated with continuous rather than discrete random variables. A continuous PDF must be integrated over an interval to yield a probability.

The value of the random variable having the largest probability mass is called the mode.
Liu Zhi (historian)
Liu Zhi (simplified Chinese: 刘秩; traditional Chinese: 劉秩; pinyin: Liú Zhì; Wade–Giles: Liu Chih, fl. 8th century), courtesy name Zuoqing (柞卿), was a Chinese historian during the Tang dynasty and author of the Zhengdian. He was the fourth son of Liu Zhiji, little is known about his life, other than he was an official during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang and had been deposed on several occasions until the times of Emperor Suzong of Tang before his death.

Liu Zhiji
Liu Zhiji (simplified Chinese: 刘知几; traditional Chinese: 劉知幾; pinyin: Liú Zhījī; Wade–Giles: Liu Chih-chi; 661–721), courtesy name Zixuan (子玄), was a Chinese historian and politician of the Tang dynasty. Well known as the author of Shitong, he was born in present-day Xuzhou, Jiangsu. Liu's father Liu Zangqi and elder brother Liu Zhirou were officials, famous for their literary compositions. He received his imperial examination degree in 680 and began working on several compilations with others in the court in 699. In 708, he decided to resign himself and started compiling the Shitong.

Stephen W. Durrant calls Liu Zhiji "one of ancient China's most critical and brilliant readers" (The Cloudy Mirror, 71–72: Liu is quoted criticizing Sima Qian's style for verbosity and deliberately setting apart the chronologically close accounts).
Dorothy Eck
Dorothy Eck (née Fritz; January 23, 1924 – September 23, 2017) was an American politician in the state of Montana. She served in the Montana Senate from 1980 to 2000. Eck was also active in feminist movements including the League of Women Voters and served as a delegate to the 1972 Montana Constitutional Convention.

Betty Babcock
Betty Lee Babcock (March 11, 1922 – August 4, 2013) was an American politician and businesswoman who served as the first lady of Montana from 1962 to 1969 as the wife of the Governor Tim Babcock. A member of the Republican Party, she served as a delegate to the 1972 Montana Constitutional Convention and as a member of Montana House of Representatives from 1975 to 1977.
Robbie Kearns
Robbie Kearns (born 12 December 1971) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s, and 2000s. An Australia international and New South Wales State of Origin representative forward, he played for the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks, Western Reds and the Melbourne Storm.

New South Wales rugby league team
The New South Wales rugby league team has represented the Australian state of New South Wales in rugby league football since the sport's beginnings there in 1907. Also known as the Blues due to their sky blue jerseys, the team competes in the annual State of Origin series against Queensland. The team is currently coached by Laurie Daley and captained by Isaah Yeo, and is administered by the New South Wales Rugby League.

Prior to 1980 when the "state of origin" selection criteria was introduced, the New South Wales team, in addition to playing annually against Queensland, played matches against foreign touring sides and occasionally toured overseas themselves. Their home stadium is  Accor Stadium in Sydney, the largest stadium in the state, having been constructed for the 2000 Summer Olympics.
Maxwel Cornet
Gnaly Albert Maxwel Cornet (born 27 September 1996) is an Ivorian professional footballer who plays as a left winger and full-back for Serie A club Genoa, on loan from West Ham United and the Ivory Coast national team. He has previously played in France for  Metz and Lyon and in England with Burnley.

FC Metz
Football Club de Metz (French pronunciation: [mɛs] ⓘ) is a French association football club based in Metz, Lorraine. The club was formed in 1932 and plays in Ligue 1, the highest division in the French football league system, for the 2025–26 season following their promotion from the second division in the 2024–2025 season. They play their home matches at Stade Saint-Symphorien located within the city. The team is currently managed by Benoît Tavenot. Despite never winning the top flight, they have won the Coupe de France twice and the Coupe de la Ligue twice.
Nobunari Oda
Nobunari Oda (織田 信成, Oda Nobunari; born March 25, 1987) is a Japanese retired competitive figure skater. He is the 2006 Four Continents champion, a four-time Grand Prix Final medalist (silver in 2009 and 2010; bronze in 2006 and 2013), the 2005 World Junior champion and the 2008 Japanese national champion.

Evan Lysacek
Evan Frank Lysacek (/ˈlaɪsətʃɛk/; born June 4, 1985) is an American retired figure skater. He is the 2010 Olympic champion, the 2009 World champion, a two-time (2005, 2007) Four Continents champion, the 2009 Grand Prix Final champion, and a two-time (2007, 2008) U.S. national champion. Lysacek was the 2010 United States Olympic Committee's SportsMan of the Year, and the winner of the James E. Sullivan Award as the top U.S. amateur athlete of 2010. On January 22, 2016, he was inducted into the U.S. Figure Skating Hall of Fame.
Luhn mod N algorithm
The Luhn mod N algorithm is an extension to the Luhn algorithm (also known as mod 10 algorithm) that allows it to work with sequences of values in any even-numbered base. This can be useful when a check digit is required to validate an identification string composed of letters, a combination of letters and digits or any arbitrary set of N characters where N is divisible by 2.

Radix
In a positional numeral system, the radix (pl. radices) or base is the number of unique digits, including the digit zero, used to represent numbers. For example, for the decimal system (the most common system in use today) the radix is ten, because it uses the ten digits from 0 through 9.

In any standard positional numeral system, a number is conventionally written as (x)y with x as the string of digits and y as its base.  For base ten, the subscript is usually assumed and omitted (together with the enclosing parentheses), as it is the most common way to express value. For example, (100)10 is equivalent to  100 (the decimal system is implied in the latter) and represents the number one hundred, while (100)2 (in the binary system with base 2) represents the number four.
Reeza Hendricks
Reeza Raphael Hendricks (born 14 August 1989) is a South African cricketer who plays for MI Cape Town, Gauteng and the South Africa national cricket team. He is a right-handed opening batsman. He made his international debut for South Africa in November 2014. In 2018 during his first ODI, he became only the third South African to score a century on debut.

Gauteng cricket team
Gauteng (formerly Transvaal) is the first-class cricket team of the southern parts of Gauteng province of South Africa. The team was called Transvaal from April 1890 to April 1997 (the area north of Johannesburg, including Pretoria being part of the Northerns, formerly Northern Transvaal). Under the main competition's various names – the Currie Cup, then the Castle Cup, now the SuperSport Series – Transvaal/Gauteng cricket team has been the most successful of the South African domestic sides, winning 25 times. The club's most glorious period was the 1980s when they were dubbed the "Mean Machine".

For the purposes of the SuperSport Series, Gauteng merged with North West (formerly Western Transvaal) to form the Highveld Lions or, more simply, "the Lions" (from October 2004 to 2021).
C. Arlen Beam
Clarence Arlen Beam (January 14, 1930 – October 31, 2025) was a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit from 1987 to 2025 and a former United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Nebraska from 1981 to 1987.

United States District Court for the District of Nebraska
The United States District Court for the District of Nebraska (in case citations, D. Neb.)  is the federal district court whose jurisdiction is the state of Nebraska.  Court offices are in Omaha and Lincoln.

Appeals from the District of Nebraska are taken to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).

The United States Attorney's Office for the District of Nebraska represents the United States in civil and criminal litigation in the court. As of August 17, 2024, the United States attorney is Susan T. Lehr, beginning on July 1, 2023.