hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Honorific speech in Japanese
The Japanese language has a system of honorific speech, referred to as keigo (Japanese: 敬（けい）語（ご）; literally "respectful language"), parts of speech one function of which is to show that the speaker wants to convey respect for either the listener or someone mentioned in the utterance.  Their use is widely seen in a variety of business or formal social situations.  Honorifics in Japanese can also be used to show unfamiliarity (social distance), or they can be used to show that the speaker is cultured and sophisticated enough to have mastered the ins and outs of the system. Japanese honorific titles, often simply called honorifics, consist of suffixes and prefixes when referring to others in a conversation.

The system is very extensive, having its own special vocabulary and grammatical forms to express various levels of respectful, humble, and polite speech. It closely resembles other honorifics systems found in the East Asian cultural sphere, such as honorifics in Korean.

Etiquette in Japan
Etiquette in Japan forms common societal expectations of social behavior practiced throughout the nation of Japan. The etiquette of Japan has changed greatly over the millennia as different civilizations influenced its culture. Modern Japanese etiquette has a strong influence from that of China and the Western world, but retains many of its unique traditional elements.
2022 Rugby World Cup Sevens qualifying – Men
This was the qualifying process for the 2022 Rugby World Cup Sevens with the aim of selecting the men's national rugby sevens teams that would compete in the tournament in Cape Town, South Africa. A total of 59 nations took part in the qualifying process.

2022 Rugby World Cup Sevens
The 2022 Rugby World Cup Sevens was the eighth and final edition of the Rugby World Cup Sevens organised by World Rugby.  The 2022 tournament, comprising 24 men's and 16 women's teams as previously, was played over three days in one venue in September. It took place at the Cape Town Stadium in Cape Town, South Africa between 9 and 11 September 2022. It was the first Rugby World Cup Sevens in Africa. The dates were chosen to take into account in the Commonwealth Games tournament which took place in July the same year.
Tenmu period
The Temmu period  is a chronological timeframe during the Asuka period of Japanese history. The Temmu period describes a span of years which were considered to have begun in the 1333rd year of the imperial dynasty.

This periodization is congruent with the reign of Emperor Tenmu, which is traditionally considered to have been from 673 through 686.

Hakuchi (era)
Hakuchi (白雉) was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō, lit. "year name") after the Taika era and before Shuchō.  This period spanned the years from February 650 through December 654. The reigning emperor was Kōtoku-tennō (孝徳天皇).
Amrutham Gamaya
Amrutham Gamaya, (translation: Path to immortality) is a 1987 Indian Malayalam-language drama film directed by Hariharan, written by M. T. Vasudevan Nair and produced by P. K. R. Pillai. It features Mohanlal in the lead role, along with Geetha, Parvathy Jayaram, Vineeth, Thilakan, Devan, Babu Namboothiri and Karamana Janardanan Nair in major supporting roles. The film has no songs, but features a musical score composed by M. B. Sreenivasan.

This film is known for its poignant expression of guilt, it portrays with great sensitivity the story of a doctor who tries to atone for a mistake that he committed as a student – a mistake that destroyed a family. Amrutham Gamaya is regarded as one of the best films of Hariharan and one of the classic screenplay of Vasudevan Nair.

Thilakan
Palappurathu Keshavan Surendranatha Thilakan (15 July 1935 – 24 September 2012), known mononymously as Thilakan, was an Indian film and stage actor who appeared in over 200 Malayalam films. Spanning more than five decades, Thilakan’s acting career was marked by critical acclaim for his versatility and powerful screen presence. He won several major honours including the Padma Shri (2009) from the Government of India, multiple National Film Awards and numerous Kerala State Film Awards, becoming the most frequent winner of the Kerala State Film Award for Second Best Actor.

Thilakan was known for his elaborate method acting and realistic, spontaneous performances and is widely regarded as one of the greatest actors in Indian cinema, whose style influenced generations of Malayalam actors and audience.
Pingviini
Pingviini (Finnish for "penguin") is a Finnish brand of ice cream owned by Froneri Finland. Known for its logo featuring a penguin, Pingviini brand ice cream has been sold in Finland since the 1930s.

Pingviini brand products are made at the Turenki ice cream factory in Janakkala. The brand has received an Avainlippu ("key flag") award because the ice cream is made in Finland by Finnish employees from Finnish milk.

Nestlé Finland bought the Pingviini brand in 2004. Development and production of the ice cream remain in Turenki. In 2016 Nestlé moved the brand to Froneri Finland, which it owns together with the British ice cream company R&R.

Turenki
Turenki (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈtureŋki]) is a population center in the municipality of Janakkala, Finland, with a population of some 7,500 people. It has been said that Turenki is translated from Turinge, Thuring or Turängi. It is among the largest population centers of Janakkala, along with Tervakoski. Turenki is located about 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) southeast of the city of Hämeenlinna.
Chirixalus pantaiselatan
Chirixalus pantaiselatan is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. The species was discovered in 2021 by a group of students from the Bogor Agricultural Institute during a citizen science event. The species has only been found at the Leuweung Sancang Nature Reserve in Indonesia. It is a sister species of Chirixalus trilaksonoi.

Chirixalus trilaksonoi
Chirixalus trilaksonoi is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. There are two separate populations, both in Indonesia.

This frog has been found in paddy fields, perched on paddy plants, and on oil palm plantations. The frog has been observed between 191 and 400 meters above sea level.

The species' breeding habits have yet to be observed, but scientists presume they lay eggs in streams and grow through larval development, like other frogs in Chirixalus.

The IUCN classifies this frog as endangered because of its small range, which is undergoing continued degradation. Pesticides can also kill this frog.
Ivo Canelas
Ivo Canelas (born 23 December 1973) is a Portuguese actor, born in Lisbon. With a career of more than 30 years, he is recognized for his participation in numerous film, theater and television productions.

He has a degree in Theater Studies from Escola Superior de Teatro e Cinema and studied at the Lee Strasberg Theater and Film Institute, in New York, with a scholarship from the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation.

Jorge Silva Melo
Jorge Freitas e Silva Melo (7 August 1948 – 14 March 2022) was a Portuguese actor, playwright, theatre director, and translator.

In 1973, Melo founded the Teatro da Cornucópia with Luís Miguel Cintra. He received critical acclaim for his work as a playwright.
Rhys Williams (Australian politician)
Rhys Williams is an Australian politician who has been the member for Mandurah in the Western Australian Legislative Assembly since the March 2025 state election. A member of the Labor Party, he was the mayor of the City of Mandurah from October 2017 to January 2025 and a City of Mandurah councillor from October 2009 to October 2013.

City of Mandurah
The City of Mandurah is a local government area of Western Australia, covering both Mandurah proper and an additional area reaching down as far south as Lake Clifton. The city has a total area of approximately 174 square kilometres (67 sq mi).

The city is located in the Peel region, just beyond the southern boundary of metropolitan Perth, and lies about 75 kilometres (47 mi) south of the Perth central business district. It is bordered by the City of Rockingham to the north, the Shire of Murray to the east (the border being for the most part the Harvey Estuary and Serpentine River), and Shire of Waroona to the south.
Supply of Goods (Implied Terms) Act 1973
The Supply of Goods (Implied Terms) Act 1973 (c. 13) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that provided implied terms in contracts for the supply of goods and for hire-purchase agreements, and limited the use of exclusion clauses. The result of a joint report by the England and Wales Law Commission and the Scottish Law Commission, First Report on Exemption Clauses, the Act was granted royal assent on 18 April 1973 and came into force a month later. It met with a mixed reaction from academics, who praised the additional protection it offered while at the same time questioning whether it was enough; several aspects of the Act's draftsmanship and implementation were also called into question. Much of the Act was repealed by the Sale of Goods Act 1979, which included many of the 1973 Act's provisions.

Sale of Goods Act 1979
The Sale of Goods Act 1979 (c. 4) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which regulated English contract law and UK commercial law in respect of goods that are sold and bought. The Act consolidated the original Sale of Goods Act 1893 and subsequent legislation, which in turn had codified and consolidated the law. Since 1979, there have been numerous minor statutory amendments and additions to the 1979 act. It was replaced for some aspects of consumer contracts from 1 October 2015 by the Consumer Rights Act 2015 (c 22) but remains the primary legislation underpinning business-to-business transactions involving selling or buying goods.

The act applies to contracts where property in 'goods' is transferred or agreed to be transferred for a monetary consideration, in other words: where property (ownerstop) in personal chattels is sold.
Everybody Loves Hugo
"Everybody Loves Hugo" is the 12th television episode of the American Broadcasting Company's sixth season of the serial drama television series Lost and 115th episode overall. The episode was aired on April 13, 2010, on ABC in the United States. The episode was written by executive producers Edward Kitsis & Adam Horowitz and directed by Dan Attias, who previously directed the first-season episode "Numbers". The title alludes to the season two episode "Everybody Hates Hugo." The episode is centered on Hugo "Hurley" Reyes, while Desmond Hume and John Locke also received points of view in the flash-sideways universe.

In 2007, Hugo "Hurley" Reyes (Jorge Garcia) starts to think destroying Ajira Airways Flight 316 is a bad idea. Meanwhile, Desmond Hume (Henry Ian Cusick) arrives at the Man in Black's (Terry O'Quinn) camp. In the flash-sideways, Desmond encourages Hurley to believe Libby Smith's (Cynthia Watros) visions of the other timeline.

John Locke (Lost)
John Locke is a fictional character played by Terry O'Quinn on the ABC television series Lost.  He is named after the English philosopher of the same name. In 2007, O'Quinn won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series for his portrayal of Locke.

Locke is introduced in the first season as a mysterious, intellectual and stoic character with an affinity for living out in the wild and a penchant for hunting and tracking. He believes in mystical and spiritual explanations for why things happen on the island due to an objective "miracle" happening to him after the crash of Oceanic 815. His eccentric and at times selfish behaviour results in him being repeatedly distrusted by the other survivors. His stoicism and mystical outlook dominate his character and are the basis for many of his relationships and interactions on the show.
Cloudburst (2011 film)
Cloudburst is a 2011 Canadian-American comedy-drama film written and directed by Thom Fitzgerald and starring Olympia Dukakis and Brenda Fricker. The film is an adaptation of Fitzgerald's 2010 play of the same name.
Cloudburst premiered at the Atlantic Film Festival in Halifax, Nova Scotia on September 16, 2011. It opened in a limited release in Canada on December 7, 2012.

Olympia Dukakis
Olympia Dukakis (June 20, 1931 – May 1, 2021) was an American actress. She performed in more than 130 stage productions, in some 60 films, and in approximately 50 television series. Best known as a screen actress, she started her career in theater. Not long after her arrival in New York City, she won an Obie Award for Best Actress in 1963 for her off-Broadway performance in Bertolt Brecht's Man Equals Man.

She later moved to film acting and won an Academy Award and a Golden Globe, among other accolades, for her performance in Moonstruck (1987). She received another Golden Globe nomination for Sinatra (1992) and Emmy Award nominations for Lucky Day (1991), More Tales of the City (1998) and Joan of Arc (1999). Dukakis's autobiography, Ask Me Again Tomorrow: A Life in Progress, was published in 2003. In 2018, a feature-length documentary about her life, titled Olympia, was released theatrically in the United States.
Pseudaleuria
Pseudaleuria is a genus of two species of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae. The genus was circumscribed by Demaris Lusk in 1987 to contain the type, P. quinaultiana, a species found in the Olympic Peninsula of North America. P. fibrillosa was transferred to the genus (from Cheilymenia) in 2003.

P. quinaultiana is similar in appearance to Aleuria aurantia (the orange peel fungus), but is shaped more like a saucer than a cup and usually occurs in pairs rather than groups.

Cheilymenia
Cheilymenia is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae. The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in  temperate regions, and contains 66 species, many very similar in appearance and habitat and only separable by microscopic features.
Madam Secretary season 3
The third season of Madam Secretary, an American political drama television series, originally aired on CBS from October 2, 2016, through May 21, 2017. The season was produced by CBS Television Studios, with Barbara Hall as showrunner and executive producer. Madam Secretary was renewed for a third season on March 25, 2016.

The series follows Elizabeth McCord (Téa Leoni), the United States Secretary of State who, alongside President Conrad Dalton (Keith Carradine) and a dedicated staff led by Nadine Tolliver (Bebe Neuwirth), is instrumental in the shaping of a U.S. foreign policy. McCord is married to Henry (Tim Daly), a religious scholar and NSA handler.

Téa Leoni
Téa Leoni (/ˈteɪ.ə leɪˈoʊni/; born Elizabeth Téa Pantaleoni; February 25, 1966) is an American actress. Early in her career, she starred on the television sitcoms Flying Blind (1992–1993) and The Naked Truth (1995–1998). Her breakthrough role was in the 1995 film Bad Boys, which led to leading parts in Deep Impact (1998), The Family Man (2000), Jurassic Park III (2001), Spanglish (2004), and Fun with Dick and Jane (2005). From 2014 to 2019, Leoni starred as Elizabeth McCord on the CBS drama series Madam Secretary.
KDTV-DT
KDTV-DT (channel 14) is a television station licensed to San Francisco, California, United States, serving as the San Francisco Bay Area outlet for the Spanish-language network Univision. It is owned and operated by TelevisaUnivision alongside UniMás outlet KFSF-DT (channel 66). The two stations share studios at the Univision San Jose Broadcast Center on Zanker Road near the North San Jose Innovation District in San Jose; KDTV-DT's transmitter is located on Mount Allison in Fremont.

KDTV-CD (channel 28) in Santa Rosa operates as a Class A translator of KDTV relaying the station's signal into the northern half of the market; this station's transmitter is located atop Mount Saint Helena.

Fremont, California
Fremont (/ˈfriːmɒnt/) is a city in Alameda County, California, United States. Located in the East Bay region of the Bay Area, Fremont has a population of 230,504 as of 2020, making it the fourth most populous city in the Bay Area, behind San Jose, San Francisco, and Oakland. It is the closest East Bay city to the high-tech Silicon Valley network of businesses, and has a strong tech industry presence. The city's largest employer is a Tesla manufacturing plant, employing 25,000 people as of 2024.

The city's origins lie in the community that arose around Mission San José, founded in 1797 by the Spanish under Padre Fermín Lasuén. Fremont was incorporated on January 23, 1956, when the former towns of Mission San José, Centerville, Niles, Irvington, and Warm Springs unified into one city. Fremont is named after John C. Frémont, a general who helped lead the American Conquest of California from Mexico and later served as Military Governor of California and then U.S. Senator.
Eva Dyrberg
Eva Dyrberg (born 17 February 1980) is a Danish former tennis player. As a junior player, she won 1998 Wimbledon Championships with Jelena Kostanić and 1998 US Open with Kim Clijsters. In 1998, Dyrberg was also ranked World No. 1 in junior doubles and was named ITF Junior Girls Doubles World Champion. During her professional career, she won four singles and five doubles events organized by the International Tennis Federation, defeating players such as Magdalena Maleeva, Tathiana Garbin, Maria Elena Camerin, Nicole Pratt, and reaching one doubles final at WTA Tour, at Sanex Trophy in 2000. She retired from professional tennis after the 2003 Australian Open.

Jelena Kostanić Tošić
Jelena Kostanić Tošić (née Kostanić; born 6 July 1981) is a former professional tennis player from Croatia.

On 26 July 2004, she reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 32. On 4 October 2004, she reached her highest doubles ranking of No. 30. Kostanić Tošić won eight doubles titles on the WTA Tour and four singles and ten doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. As a junior, she won the 1998 Australian Open.

Kostanić Tošić married Croatian table tennis player Roko Tošić on 8 July 2006 (until 6 January 2007 she competed as Jelena Kostanić).

At the 2008 Australian Open, Tošić was defeated in the first round by the eventual champion, Maria Sharapova, in straight sets.

Playing for Croatia Fed Cup team, Kostanić Tošić has a win–loss record of 19–20.

Her last professional tournament was the 2010 US Open.
Yanchi, Beijing
Yanchi Town (Chinese: 雁翅镇; pinyin: Wángpíng Dìqū) is a town located at the northern part of Mentougou District, Beijing, China. It borders Liucun Town and Huailai County to its north, Miaofengshan and Wangping Towns to its east, Datai Subdistrict to its south, and Zhaitang Town to its west. It was home to 5,160 people in 2020.

The name Yanchi (Chinese: 雁翅; lit. 'Wild Goose's Wings') originated in the Yuan dynasty, and was named after a local mountain which shaped like wild goose's wings.

Wangping, Beijing
Wangping Town (Chinese: 王平镇; pinyin: Wángpíng Zhèn) is a town on the eastern side of Mentougou District, Beijing, China. It borders Miaofengshan Town in its northeast, Dongxinfang Subdistrict and Longquan Town in its southeast, Yongding Town and Datai Subdistrict in its south, and Yanchi Town in its northwest. Its population was 7,013 as of 2020.
B. J. Young (ice hockey)
Jerry Franklin "B. J." Young II (July 23, 1977 – November 30, 2005) was an American professional ice hockey right winger. He was drafted by the Detroit Red Wings in the sixth round, 157th overall, of the 1997 NHL Entry Draft. He played one game in the National Hockey League with Red Wings.

Young played junior hockey with the Tri-City Americans and Red Deer Rebels of the Western Hockey League (WHL). While with Red Deer he led the WHL in goal scoring during the 1996–97 season and was named to the WHL East First All-Star Team. Young spent the majority of his career in the minor leagues playing for the Adirondack Red Wings and Cincinnati Mighty Ducks of the American Hockey League, the Manitoba Moose of the International Hockey League, and the Anchorage/Alaska Aces in both the West Coast Hockey League and ECHL. Born in Anchorage, Alaska Young represented the United States at the 1997 World Junior Championships, winning a silver medal.

Cincinnati Mighty Ducks
The Cincinnati Mighty Ducks were a professional ice hockey team based in Cincinnati, Ohio. They were members of the American Hockey League, and played their home games at the Cincinnati Gardens. Throughout their existence they were the primary minor league affiliate of the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim of the National Hockey League, with a three-year shared affiliation with the Detroit Red Wings.
Goan soup
Canja de Goa (Goan soup) is a typical soup of the Indo-Portuguese cuisine of Goa, Daman and Diu, which once formed part of the Portuguese India, and is inspired by Portuguese soup.

It is prepared with chicken, choris sausage, onion, garlic, rice, water and salt. All the ingredients are cooked together in a saucepan or pressure cooker and chicken broth is added.

According to Goan tradition, it was made for women who gave birth in the family home. After the first birth, the mothers-in-law sent the brides a bottle of port wine and six chickens, to be used in preparing the soup, since this was considered a good food for mothers and convalescents.

It is consumed for breakfast or as a late-morning meal, together with curry from the previous day, sweet mango chutney and salted fish. Sometimes it is transported to the fields by children, in a vessel of clay, for their parents and older siblings working there.

Goa sausage
The Goa sausage or Choris is a typical reflection of Indo-Portuguese cuisine from Goa, which once were part of Portuguese India. It is based on the Chouriço sausage, introduced from Portugal. The humidity of Goa made it difficult to produce European-styled sausages that would keep, and so the meat was pickled in vinegar, alcohol, and a chilli-spice mix before being placed in pig-gut. The Goan sausage is therefore of Iberian origin and related to the Spanish Chorizo, both of which go through a process called pimenton.
Kniveton
Kniveton is a village and civil parish in Derbyshire, England. It is in the Peak District, 3 miles (4.8 km) north east of Ashbourne and 6 miles (9.7 km) south west of Wirksworth. It is close to the reservoir at Carsington Water.

Ashbourne, Derbyshire
Ashbourne is a market town in the Derbyshire Dales district in Derbyshire, England, 14 miles (23 km) west of Derby. Its population was measured at 8,377 in the 2011 census  and was estimated to have grown to 9,163 by 2019. It has many historical buildings and independent shops. The town offers a historic annual Shrovetide football match. Its position near the southern edge of the Peak District makes it the closest town to Dovedale, to which Ashbourne is sometimes referred to as the gateway.