hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Athletics at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's hammer throw
The women's hammer throw at the 2022 Commonwealth Games, as part of the athletics programme, took place in the Alexander Stadium on 4 and 6 August 2022.

The winning margin was 4.45 metres which as of 2024 is the only time the women's hammer throw has been won by more than four metres at these games.

Athletics at the 2022 Commonwealth Games
Athletics was one of the core sports that was held at the 2022 Commonwealth Games in Birmingham, England. As a founding sport, athletics had appeared consistently since its introduction at the 1911 Inter-Empire Games, the recognized precursor to the Commonwealth Games.

The competition was split in two parts:the four marathon events (including the wheelchair marathon) were scheduled to the day 30 July and the other 54 events were held between 2 and 7 August 2022, spread across 58 events (including 10 para athletics events).
Batalin–Vilkovisky formalism
In theoretical physics, the Batalin–Vilkovisky (BV) formalism (named for Igor Batalin and Grigori Vilkovisky) was developed as a method for determining the ghost structure for Lagrangian gauge theories, such as gravity and supergravity, whose corresponding Hamiltonian formulation has constraints not related to a Lie algebra (i.e., the role of Lie algebra structure constants are played by more general structure functions). The BV formalism, based on an action that contains both fields and "antifields", can be thought of as a vast generalization of the original BRST formalism for pure Yang–Mills theory to an arbitrary Lagrangian gauge theory. Other names for the Batalin–Vilkovisky formalism are field-antifield formalism, Lagrangian BRST formalism, or BV–BRST formalism. It should not be confused with the Batalin–Fradkin–Vilkovisky (BFV) formalism, which is the Hamiltonian counterpart.

Faddeev–Popov ghost
In physics, Faddeev–Popov ghosts (also called Faddeev–Popov gauge ghosts or Faddeev–Popov ghost fields) are extraneous fields which are introduced into gauge quantum field theories to maintain the consistency of the path integral formulation. They are named after Ludvig Faddeev and Victor Popov.

A more general meaning of the word "ghost" in theoretical physics is discussed in Ghost (physics).
Pineia
Pineia (Greek: Πηνεία) is a former municipality in Elis, West Greece, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Ilida, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 148.572 km2. Its seat of administration was in the village Simopoulo. Pineia is named after the river Pineios, which forms its northern border. The area is hilly and sparsely populated. It is about 20 km east of Amaliada, 25 km northeast of Pyrgos and 45 km southwest of Patras.

Pyrgos, Elis
Pyrgos (Greek: Πύργος, romanized: Pýrgos, lit. 'tower') is a city in the northwestern Peloponnese, Greece, the capital of the regional unit of Elis and the seat of the Municipality of Pyrgos. The city is located in the middle of a plain, 4 kilometres (2 miles) from the Ionian Sea. The river Alfeios flows into sea about 7 km (4 mi) south of Pyrgos. The population of the town Pyrgos is 26,052, and of the municipality 45,365 (2021). Pyrgos is 16 km (10 mi) west of Olympia, 16 km (10 mi) southeast of Amaliada, 70 km (43 mi) southwest of Patras and 85 km (53 mi) west of Tripoli.
Poppies Martinez
Poppies Martinez (born August 19, 1983) is a Native American professional mixed martial artist of the Tachi Yokuts tribe currently competing in the Lightweight division of Bellator. A professional competitor since 2003, he has also formerly competed for the California-based promotions, the WEC, Palace Fighting Championship, and Tachi Palace Fights.

Lightweight (MMA)
The lightweight division in mixed martial arts contains different weight classes:

The UFC's lightweight division, which groups competitors within 146 to 155 lb (66 to 70 kg)

The Shooto lightweight division, which limits competitors to 145 lb (65.8 kg)

The ONE Championship's lightweight division, with an upper limit at 77.1 kg (170.0 lb)

The Road FC's lightweight division, with an upper limit at 154 lb (70 kg)
Kurdish emirates
The Kurdish emirates, Kurdish chiefdoms or Kurdish principalities (Sorani Kurdish: میرنشینە کوردییەکان) were various semi-independent entities which existed during the 16th to 19th centuries during the state of continuous warfare between the Ottoman Empire and Safavid Iran. The Kurdish principalities were almost always divided and entered into rivalries against each other. The demarcation of borders between the Safavid Shah Safi and the Ottoman caliph Sultan Murad IV in 1639 effectively divided Kurdistan between the two empires.

The eyalet of Diyarbakir was the center of the major and minor Kurdish chiefdoms.  However, other Kurdish emirates existed outside of Diyarbakir.

Doğubayazıt
Doğubayazıt (Kurdish: Bazîd; Armenian: Պայազատ, romanized: Payazat or Դարոյնք, Daruynk) is a town of Ağrı Province of Turkey, near the border with Iran. Its elevation is 1625 m. It is the seat of Doğubayazıt District. Its population is 80,061 (2021). Also known as Kurdava, the town was the capital of the self-declared Republic of Ararat, a short-lived Kurdish state centered in the Ağrı Province. Demographic research has identified Doğubayazıt as a predominantly Kurdish-speaking city: a public health study by Bakiray Küçükkaya and Erbaydar (2012) noted that "the mother tongue of the majority of the population is Kurdish" in the district. Demographic studies of Kurdish-majority provinces in Turkey have consistently included Doğubayazıt (in Ağrı Province) among areas with high concentrations of Kurdish speakers.
Cuisine
A cuisine  is a style of cooking characterized by distinctive ingredients, techniques, and dishes, and usually associated with a specific culture or geographic region. Regional food preparation techniques, customs and ingredients combine to enable dishes unique to a region.

Middle Eastern cuisine
Middle Eastern cuisine includes a number of cuisines from the Middle East. Common ingredients include olives and olive oil, pitas, honey, sesame seeds, dates, sumac, chickpeas, mint, rice and parsley, and popular dishes include kebabs, dolmas, falafel, baklava, yogurt, doner kebab, shawarma and mulukhiyah.
Croydon facelift
In English slang, a Croydon facelift (sometimes council house facelift, or in Northern Ireland a Millie facelift) is a particular hairstyle worn by some women. The hair is pulled back tightly and tied in a bun or ponytail at the back. The supposed result is that the skin of the forehead and face are pulled up and back, producing the effects of a facelift.

Traction alopecia, a type of gradual hair loss, can result from hairstyles that tightly pull the hair in this manner.

This hairstyle is frequently portrayed in the media as belonging to young women from the lower social classes, particularly the Chav subculture (Ned in Scotland, Millie in Northern Ireland). The term is thus considered derogatory because it portrays people from Croydon as being lower class. Croydon can be replaced by the name of any other unfashionable residential area.

The Croydon Guardian newspaper jokingly suggested that the style may have originated with the ancient Egyptian Queen Nefertiti.

Ponytail
A ponytail is a hairstyle in which some, most, or all of the hair on the head is pulled away from the face, gathered and secured at the back of the head with a hair tie, clip, or other similar accessory and allowed to hang freely from that point. It gets its name from its resemblance to the tail of a pony.

Ponytails are most commonly gathered at the middle of the back of the head or the base of the neck but may also be worn at the side of the head (sometimes considered formal), or on the very top of the head. If the hair is divided so that it hangs in two sections, they are called ponytails, twintails, pigtails, or bunches if left loose and pigtails, plaits or braids if plaited.
1981 Avon Championships
The 1981 Avon Championships were the tenth WTA Tour Championships, the annual tennis tournament for the best female tennis players in singles and doubles on the 10-tournament Avon Championship winter circuit of the 1981 WTA Tour. It was held from March 22 through March 28, 1981 and was played on indoor carpet courts at the Madison Square Garden in New York City, New York. First-seeded Martina Navratilova won the singles title and earned $100,000 first-prize money.

1981 WTA Tour
The 1981 World Championship Series was the 9th season since the foundation of the Women's Tennis Association. It commenced on January 4, 1981, and concluded on December 19, 1981, after 36 events. The  World Championship Series was the elite tour for professional women's tennis organised by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). The year is divided into two sponsors with the first three months sponsored by Avon Series and the latter part by Toyota Series. It included the four Grand Slam tournaments and a series of other events. ITF tournaments were not part of the tour, although they awarded points for the WTA World Ranking.
Wisewood
Wisewood is a suburb of the city of Sheffield in South Yorkshire, England and situated 2+3⁄4 miles (4.4 km) north-west of the city centre. It is a residential suburb consisting almost exclusively of council housing, some of which has been bought by tenants under the right to buy scheme. It is bordered by the adjacent suburbs of Loxley, Wadsley, Malin Bridge and Hillsborough (in whose ward the suburb is situated).

Hillsborough, Sheffield
Hillsborough (grid reference SK332896) is a suburb in north-west Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. The centre of the district is popularly thought to be 'Hillsborough Corner' where Langsett Road, Middlewood Road, Holme Lane and Bradfield Road all meet. The Hillsborough ward population at the 2011 Census was 18,605.
Scafells
The Scafells, or Scafell Massif, are a range of fells in the Cumbrian Mountains of England, made up of the remains of a caldera volcano. Fells in the range include Broad Crag, Ill Crag, Scafell, and Scafell Pike, England's tallest mountain. Great End, Lingmell and Slight Side are also usually included within the definition. These hills form part of the Southern Fells.

Broad Crag
Broad Crag is a fell in the English Lake District. It is the fifth-highest peak in England at a height of 3,064 feet (934 metres). The mountain was gifted to the National Trust in 1923 by the Fell and Rock Climbing Club.

The peak forms part of the Scafell chain, and lies about 440 yards (400 metres) northeast of Scafell Pike. Ill Crag lies south-east, with Great End at the end of the chain about 1 mile (1.5 kilometres) to the north.

Broad Crag may be climbed en route to Scafell Pike, via a path from Esk Hause or from the route from Crinkle Crags and Bowfell.
Apollon Patras
The first version of this article has been based in the text of el:Α.Σ. Απόλλων of the Greek Wikipedia published under the GFDL.

A.S. Apollon Patras (Greek:A.Σ. Απόλλων Πατρών) is a multi-sports club that is based in Patras, Greece. It has included sports sections in association football, basketball, table tennis, and volleyball. The club is named after the ancient Greek God Apollo, and its team colours are black and white.

1997–98 FIBA EuroCup
The 1997–98 FIBA EuroCup was the thirty-second edition of FIBA's 2nd-tier level European-wide professional club basketball competition. it occurred between September 16, 1997, and April 14, 1998. The final was held at Pionir Hall, Belgrade, Yugoslavia. In the final, Žalgiris defeated Stefanel Milano, in front of 5,000 spectators.
Tovmas Nazarbekian
Tovmas Nazarbekian (Armenian: Թովմաս Նազարբէկեան; 4 April 1855 – 19 February 1931), also known as Foma Nazarbekov (Russian: Фома Назарбеков), was an Armenian general in the Russian Caucasus Army and later promoted to commander-in-chief of the First Republic of Armenia.

Golden Weapon for Bravery
The Gold Sword for Bravery (Russian: Золотое оружие "За храбрость") was a Russian award for bravery. It was set up with two grades on 27 July 1720 by Peter the Great, reclassified as a public order in 1807 and abolished in 1917. From 1913 to 1917 it was renamed the Saint George Sword (Георгиевское оружие) and considered one of the grades of the Order of St. George.
Food challenge
Food challenges, such as the gallon challenge or the saltine cracker challenge, are specific  challenges or competitions involving food. Milk chugging is a popular competitive eating challenge on college campuses, and was promoted by MTV's Jackass in the early 2000s via their various food skits. Some challenges involve eating foods that may be considered disgusting by those taking the challenge.

With the rise of the Internet, Internet phenomena have increasingly spread through chain emails, YouTube, and social media, encouraging people to "challenge" their friends by spreading the message to others, as well as creating viral Internet memes.

Some "challenges" on the internet can seriously harm participants. The cinnamon challenge, a dare to attempt to eat a specified amount of ground cinnamon within a minute, has a strong risk of people gagging on cinnamon inhaled into the lungs. In July 2015, a four-year-old boy died of asphyxiation after accidentally inhaling some cinnamon.

Competitive eating
Competitive eating, or speed eating, is a sport in which participants compete against each other to eat large quantities of food, usually in a short time period. Contests are typically eight to ten minutes long, although some competitions can last up to thirty minutes, with the person consuming the most food being declared the winner. Competitive eating is most popular in the United States, Canada, and Japan, where organized professional eating contests often offer prizes, including cash.
Canoeing at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's slalom C-1
The men's C-1 slalom competition in canoeing at the 2008 Summer Olympics took place between August 11 and 12 2008 at the Shunyi Olympic Rowing-Canoeing Park in Beijing. The C-1 (solo canoe) event was raced by one-man canoes through a whitewater course.

There were three rounds of competitions: the heats, the semifinal, and the final. In the heats, each canoeist completed two runs of the course. The time, in seconds, of each run was added to the number of penalty points assessed. Touching any of the 21 slalom gates resulted in a 2-second penalty for each gate touched, while skipping any of the gates resulted in a 50-second penalty. The total times for the two preliminary runs were summed to give a score for the heats. The top 12 boats advanced to the semifinals.

The semifinals consisted of a single run. The field was narrowed to the top 8 scores from that run; those 8 boats advanced to the final. The times from the final were added to the semifinal score to give an overall total.

Canoeing at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Canoeing at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing was held from August 11 to 23 at the Shunyi Olympic Rowing-Canoeing Park.

Peter Hochschorner and Pavol Hochschorner from Slovakia became the first slalom canoeists to win three Olympic gold medals.
Bibrocathol
Bibrocathol (INN; trade names Noviform and Posiformin) is a pharmaceutical antiseptic.  Its chemical name is 4,5,6,7-tetrabrom-1,3,2-benzodioxabismol-2-ol. It contains bismuth and is used to treat eye infections and control swelling.

Antiseptic
An antiseptic (Greek: ἀντί, romanized: anti, lit. 'against' and σηπτικός, sēptikos, 'putrefactive') is an antimicrobial substance or compound that is applied to living tissue to reduce the possibility of sepsis, infection, or putrefaction. Antiseptics are generally distinguished from antibiotics by the latter's ability to safely destroy bacteria within the body, and from disinfectants, which destroy microorganisms found on non-living objects.

Antibacterials include antiseptics that have the proven ability to act against bacteria. Microbicides which destroy virus particles are called viricides or antivirals. Antifungals, also known as antimycotics, are pharmaceutical fungicides used to treat and prevent mycosis (fungal infection).
Raulandsgrend
Raulandsgrend or simply Rauland is a village in Vinje Municipality in Telemark county, Norway. The village is located in a mountainous area along the north shore of the lake Totak, about 4.5 kilometres (2.8 mi) to the northwest of the village of Krossen. The lake Møsvatn lies about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) to the north and the vast Hardangervidda National Park lies about 20 kilometres (12 mi) to the northwest. The village was once the administrative centre of the old Rauland Municipality which existed from 1860 until 1964.

Totak
Totak is a lake in Vinje Municipality in Telemark county, Norway. The 37.26-square-kilometre (14.39 sq mi) lake is located in the Rauland area, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) to the north of the village of Åmot. The lake is part of the Skien river watershed (Skiensvassdraget), discharging via the river Tokke which flows into the lake Bandak to the south. At 306 metres (1,004 ft) deep, Totak is the 11th deepest lake in Norway. This tremendous overdeepening marks it as a glacially formed lake with characteristics similar to a fjord. Its volume of 2.35 cubic kilometres (1,910,000 acre⋅ft) makes it the 24th largest by volume as well. Totak is Norway's deepest lake that is not a cryptodepression. The lake's basin is well over sealevel. The lake is a reservoir that holds water for the Tokke Hydroelectric Power Station.
Klenova Peak
Klenova Peak (Bulgarian: връх Кльонова, romanized: vrah Klenova, IPA: [ˈvrɤx ˈkʎɔnovɐ]) is the sharp peak rising to 2300 m on the southwest side of Vinson Massif in Sentinel Range, Ellsworth Mountains in Antarctica.  It has partly ice-free south slopes, and surmounts upper Nimitz Glacier to the southwest and its tributary Cairns Glacier to the northeast.

The peak is named after Maria Klenova (1898-1976), a Russian marine geologist who took part in the First Soviet Antarctic Expedition in 1955–57, becoming the first woman scientist to have carried out research in Antarctica.

Bastien Range
The Bastien Range (78°50′S 086°00′W﻿ / ﻿78.833°S 86.000°W﻿ / -78.833; -86.000﻿ (Bastien Range)) is a mountain range of moderate height which extends in a northwest–southeast direction for about 40 nautical miles (74 km; 46 mi), flanking the southwest side of the Nimitz Glacier and the Sentinel Range, in the Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica.
Reference re Firearms Act
Reference Re Firearms Act is a leading constitutional decision of the Supreme Court of Canada on the division of powers regarding firearms legislation and the Canadian Firearms Registry. A unanimous Court held that the federal Firearms Act was constitutionally valid under the federal criminal law power.

Court of Appeal of Alberta
The Court of Appeal of Alberta (frequently referred to as Alberta Court of Appeal or ABCA) is a Canadian appellate court that serves as the highest appellate court in the jurisdiction of Alberta, subordinate to the Supreme Court of Canada.
Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier Center
The U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier Center (sometimes shortened to DEVCOM Soldier Center, DEVCOM SC, or CCDC SC) is a military laboratory in Natick, Massachusetts, charged by the U.S. Department of Defense with the research and development (including fielding and sustainment) of food, clothing, shelters, airdrop systems, and other servicemember support items for the U.S. military. It is a component unit of the U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command (DEVCOM) and a tenant unit of the U.S. Army Natick Soldier Systems Center (NSSC), formerly U.S. Army Soldier Systems Center (SSC).

Close-quarters battle
Close-quarters battle (CQB), also called close-quarters combat (CQC), is a close combat situation between multiple combatants involving ranged (typically firearm-based) or melee combat. It can occur between military units, law enforcement and criminal elements, and in other similar situations. CQB is typically defined as a short duration, high intensity conflict characterized by sudden violence at close range.
HMS Lucifer (1913)
HMS Lucifer was a Laforey-class destroyer of the British Royal Navy. The Laforey class (or L class) was a class of destroyers ordered under the Royal Navy's 1912–1913 construction programme, which were armed with three 4-inch (102 mm) guns and four torpedo tubes and were required to reach speeds of 29 knots (54 km/h; 33 mph). Lucifer was built by the engineering firm Parsons, with the hull subcontracted to Hawthorn Leslie. The ship was launched on 29 December 1913, and was completed in August 1914, just after the start of the First World War.

Lucifer joined the Harwich Force, and took part in the Battle of Heligoland Bight on 28 August 1914 and the Battle of Dogger Bank on 24 January 1915. The destroyer transferred to the Dover Patrol in March 1917 and to the Firth of Forth for convoy duties in February 1918.  Lucifer was sold for scrap in December 1921.

Laforey-class destroyer (1913)
The Laforey class (redesignated in October 1913 as the L class) was a class of 22 torpedo boat destroyers of the Royal Navy, twenty of which were built under the Naval Programme of 1912–13 and a further two under the 2nd War Emergency Programme of 1914. As such they were the penultimate pre-war British destroyer design (the M class built under the Naval Programme of 1913–14 being the last design). All served during World War I during which three were lost; the survivors were all scrapped in 1921-23.
Bielowicko
Bielowicko [bjɛlɔˈvit͡skɔ] is a village in Gmina Jasienica, Bielsko County, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland.

The village lies in the Silesian Foothills, in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.

Silesian Foothills
Silesian Foothills (Polish: Pogórze Śląskie, Czech: Slezské podhůří, Silesian: Pogōrze Ślōnske) are foothills located in Silesian Voivodeship, Poland.

It has an area of 545 km2. Its western border is Olza river, eastern Skawa. Other main rivers that cut the foothills are from west to east: Vistula, Biała and Soła. To the south are Silesian Beskids and Little Beskids, in north it converts into Ostrava Basin and Oświęcim Basin. The towns located on the foothills are: Cieszyn, Skoczów, Bielsko-Biała, Kęty, Andrychów and Wadowice.
Girlfriend
A girlfriend is a woman who is a friend, acquaintance or partner to the speaker, usually a female companion with whom one is platonically, romantically, or sexually involved. In a romantic context, this normally signifies a committed relationship where the individuals are not married. Other titles, for example "wife" usually signify that the individuals are legally married.

The analogous term for men is "boyfriend".

Wife
A wife (pl.: wives) is a woman in a marital relationship. A woman who has separated from her partner continues to be a wife until their marriage is legally dissolved with a divorce judgment; or until death, depending on the kind of marriage. On the death of her partner, a wife is referred to as a widow. The rights and obligations of a wife to her partner and her status in the community and law vary between cultures and have varied over time.
Topi West
Topi West is an administrative unit, known as Union council of Swabi District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

District Swabi has four Tehsils i.e. Swabi Tehsil, Lahor, Topi Tehsil and Razar. There are 56 union councils in the Swabi district divided between these four Tehsils.

Razar Tehsil
Razzar is a tehsil located in Swabi District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Its administrative seat is located in Shewa Adda near Kalu Khan. It consists of different villages and union councils, including, Sheikh Jana, Yaqubi, Yar Hussain, Sudhir, Sardcheena,  Babo Dehri, Dobian, Kalukhan, Asota Sharif, Shewa, Kernal Sher Kallay  (Naudeh), Adina, Ismaila, Turlandi, Naranji, and Farmoli. The villages of Dagai, Taraki and Rashaki are also part of Razzar Tehsil.