hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Harry's Walls
Harry's Walls are the remains of an unfinished artillery fort, started in 1551 by the government of Edward VI to defend the island of St Mary's in the Isles of Scilly. Constructed to defend the harbour of Hugh Town from possible French attack, the fortification incorporated Italianate-style bastions with protective orillons and would have been the most advanced design in the kingdom at the time. It was not completed, probably due to a shortage of funds and the passing of the invasion threat, and only the south-west side remains. In the 21st century, Harry's Walls are managed by English Heritage and open to visitors.

Bastion
A bastion is a structure projecting outward from the curtain wall of a fortification, most commonly angular in shape and positioned at the corners of the fort. The fully developed bastion consists of two faces and two flanks, with fire from the flanks being able to protect the curtain wall and the adjacent bastions. Compared with the medieval fortified towers they replaced, bastion fortifications offered a greater degree of passive resistance and more scope for ranged defence in the age of gunpowder artillery. As military architecture, the bastion is one element in the style of fortification dominant from the mid 16th to mid 19th centuries.
Abraham bar Hiyya
Abraham bar Ḥiyya ha-Nasi (Hebrew: ר׳ אַבְרָהָם בַּר חִיָּיא הַנָשִׂיא; 
c. 1070 – 1136 or 1145), also known as Abraham Savasorda, Abraham Albargeloni, and Abraham Judaeus, was a Catalan Jewish mathematician, astronomer and philosopher who resided in Barcelona, then in the County of Barcelona, today Spain.

Bar Ḥiyya was active in translating the works of Islamic science into Latin and was likely the earliest to introduce algebra from the Muslim world into Christian Europe. He also wrote several original works on mathematics, astronomy, Jewish philosophy, chronology, and surveying. His most influential work is his Ḥibbur ha-Meshiḥah ve-ha-Tishboret, translated in 1145 into Latin as Liber embadorum. A Hebrew treatise on practical geometry and algebra, the book contains the first known complete solution of the quadratic equation , and influenced the work of Fibonacci.

Fibonacci
Leonardo Bonacci (c. 1170 – c. 1240–50), commonly known as Fibonacci, was an Italian mathematician from the Republic of Pisa, considered to be "the most talented Western mathematician of the Middle Ages".

The name he is commonly called, Fibonacci, is first found in a modern source in a 1838 text by the Franco-Italian mathematician Guglielmo Libri and is short for filius Bonacci ('son of Bonacci'). However, even as early as 1506, Perizolo, a notary of the Holy Roman Empire, mentions him as "Lionardo Fibonacci".

Fibonacci popularized the Indo–Arabic numeral system in the Western world primarily through his composition in 1202 of Liber Abaci (Book of Calculation)  and also introduced Europe to the sequence of Fibonacci numbers, which he used as an example in Liber Abaci.
2017 Markham—Thornhill federal by-election
A by-election was held in the federal riding of Markham—Thornhill in Ontario, Canada on 3 April 2017 following the resignation of Liberal MP and Minister of Immigration John McCallum, who was appointed to a diplomatic post. The seat was held by the Liberal candidate Mary Ng on a reduced majority.

The by-election was scheduled to coincide with four others across the country; Calgary Heritage, Calgary Midnapore, Ottawa—Vanier and Saint-Laurent.

John McCallum
John McCallum PC (9 April 1950 – 21 June 2025) was a Canadian politician, economist, diplomat and university professor. A onetime Liberal Member of Parliament (MP), McCallum served as the Canadian Ambassador to China from 2017 until being asked to resign by Prime Minister Trudeau in 2019. As an MP, he represented the electoral district of Markham—Thornhill and had previously represented Markham—Unionville and Markham. He was a member of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada.

A veteran federal politician who began his political career in 2000, McCallum served in the governments of Liberal prime ministers Jean Chrétien, Paul Martin, and Justin Trudeau. McCallum was previously appointed Secretary of State (International Financial Institutions), Minister of National Defence, Minister of Veterans Affairs, and Minister of Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship.
Eznik of Kolb
Eznik of Kolb (Old Armenian: Եզնիկ Կողբացի, romanized: Eznik Kołbacʻi; c. 380 – 450) was an Armenian Christian writer of the 5th century. He was one of the students of Mesrop Mashtots, the inventor of the Armenian alphabet. His only surviving work is an untitled treatise which refutes various religious and philosophical ideas. Scholars refer to this work as Refutation of the Sects or On God. Travelling to Edessa and Constantinople, Eznik participated in the translation of the Bible and other Christian literature from Greek and Syriac into Armenian. He is believed to be identical with a bishop of Bagrevand named Eznik.

Armenian alphabet
The Armenian alphabet (Armenian: Հայոց գրեր, romanized: Hayocʼ grer or Հայոց այբուբեն, Hayocʼ aybuben) or, more broadly, the Armenian script, is an alphabetic writing system developed for Armenian and occasionally used to write other languages. It was developed around 405 AD by Mesrop Mashtots, an Armenian linguist and ecclesiastical leader. The script originally had 36 letters. Eventually, two more were adopted in the 13th century. In the reformed Armenian orthography (1920s), the ligature և, ev, is also treated as a letter, bringing the total number of letters to 39.

The Armenian word for 'alphabet' is այբուբեն, aybuben, named after the first two letters of the Armenian alphabet: ⟨Ա⟩ այբ, ayb, and ⟨Բ⟩ բեն, ben. Armenian is written horizontally, left to right.
Dexter Hartman
Dexter Hartman is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera EastEnders, played by Khali Best. His debut was on 7 January 2013. Dexter is the grandson of Cora Cross (Ann Mitchell) and son of her illegitimate daughter, Ava Hartman (Clare Perkins). Dexter's storylines include his feuds with Jay Brown (Jamie Borthwick) and Lola Pearce (Danielle Harold), his job as a mechanic under Phil Mitchell (Steve McFadden) and his struggle to accept his drunk father, Sam James (Cornell S John).

In 2014, Best was suspended from the show for three months by executive producer Dominic Treadwell-Collins after attacking a taxi driver in London. In November 2014, it was confirmed that Dexter would be written out of EastEnders in early 2015, and he made his final appearance on 2 January 2015.

Steve McFadden
Steve Robert McFadden (né Reid; born 20 March 1959) is an English actor. He is known for his role as Phil Mitchell in the BBC One soap opera EastEnders, which he has played since 1990. He has received accolades including the British Soap Award for Outstanding Achievement. McFadden was also the presenter of the game show Britain's Hardest (2004).
Sabari Island
Sabari Island is an island in Papua New Guinea, part of the Calvados Chain within the Louisiade Archipelago. 
Politically, it is in its own separate Ward, not like the other Calvados Chain islands which all belong to the Calvados Chain Ward. 
It is located at a reef called Tawa Tawamal .
It is the most populated island of the group. The main villages are Hekampen (at the southeastern tip), Tandeyai (south coast of the northwestern part), Hebenahine, and Maho.

Louisiade Archipelago
The Louisiade Archipelago is a string of ten larger volcanic islands frequently fringed by coral reefs, and 90 smaller coral islands in Papua New Guinea.

It is located 200 km southeast of New Guinea, stretching over more than 160 kilometres (99 mi) and spread over an ocean area of 26,000 square kilometres (10,000 sq mi) between the Solomon Sea to the north and the Coral Sea to the south. The aggregate land area of the islands is about 1,871 square kilometres (722 sq mi), with Vanatinai (Sudest) beingness the largest.

Rogeia (Logea), Samarai and Sariba lie closest to New Guinea, while Misima, Vanatinai, and Rossel islands lie further east.
Eau de VIXX
Eau de VIXX is the third studio album by South Korean boy band VIXX. Released on April 17, 2018, through Jellyfish Entertainment, the 12-track album comprises eleven songs, including the lead single "Scentist" and the band's 2017 single "Shangri-La", and one instrumental. All songs were written or co-written by Ravi. Vocalists Hyuk and N are credited as the main songwriters for "Good Day" and "Resemble" respectively. It is the band's final Korean-language record to feature vocalist Hongbin, who left in August 2020, and rapper Ravi, who left in April 2023.

The album debuted at number one on the Gaon Album Chart in South Korea and number three on the Billboard World Albums chart in the United States.

N (singer)
Cha Hak-yeon (Korean: 차학연, born June 30, 1990), known professionally as N (엔), is a South Korean singer, actor, presenter, and radio host, signed to 51k. He debuted as a member of the South Korean boy band VIXX in May 2012.

He began his acting career in 2014 in MBC's romantic-melodrama Hotel King as Noah.He has since had roles in The Family is Coming (2015), Cheer Up! (2015) andTomorrow Boy (2016). He was a part of the lead cast in Castaway Diva (2023) and Oh My Ghost Clients (2025). N began his career as a radio host in May 2015 with his show VIXX N K-pop on SBS Power FM.
The Mysterious Rider (1927 film)
The Mysterious Rider is a 1927 American silent Western film directed by John Waters and written by Paul Gangelin, Zane Grey, Alfred Hustwick, and Fred Myton. The film stars Jack Holt, Betty Jewel, Charles Sellon, David Torrence, Tom Kennedy, Guy Oliver, and Al Hart. The film was released on March 5, 1927, by Paramount Pictures.

Tom Kennedy (actor)
Thomas Aloyisus Kennedy (July 15, 1885 – October 6, 1965) was an American actor known for his roles in Hollywood comedies from the silent days, with such producers as Mack Sennett and Hal Roach, mainly supporting lead comedians such as the Marx Brothers, W. C. Fields, Mabel Normand, Shemp Howard, El Brendel, Laurel and Hardy, and the Three Stooges. Kennedy also played dramatic roles as a supporting actor. Today's viewers may know him from Warner Bros.' nine Torchy Blane features as Gahagan, the poetry-spouting cop whose running line was, "What a day! What a day!"
Joe Sylvester
Joseph Francis Sylvester (February 2, 1893 – October 28, 1976) was an American professional golfer and club maker who played in the early-to-mid 20th century.  His best performances in major golf championships were a T24 finish in the 1923 U.S. Open and a T9 showing in the 1920 PGA Championship.

In September 1910, the 17-year-old former caddie won the Greater New York Championship at the Van Cortlandt Park links, beating William Wallace.

Caddie
In golf, a caddie (or caddy) is a companion to the player, providing both practical support and strategic guidance on the course. Caddies are responsible for carrying the player’s bag, managing clubs, and assisting with basic course maintenance like repairing divots and raking bunkers. Caddies may also offer insight on course strategy, such as club selection, reading greens, and evaluating weather conditions.

Other nicknames for the role are looper or jock.
Bigeye houndshark
The bigeye houndshark (Iago omanensis) is a species of houndshark, belonging to the family Triakidae. It is described as brown or grey dorsally, with a lighter underside with darker tips on its dorsal and caudal fins. It is found in the deep waters of the continental shelves in the western Indian Ocean, from the Red Sea to southwestern India, between latitudes 30° N and 10° N, at depths between 110 and 2,200 m (360 and 7,220 ft). Its length can vary between males and females, males can be up to 37 cm (15 in), whilst females have been found as large as 58cm (23in). Its diet mainly consists of bony fish and squid/cuttlefish

Houndshark
The Triakidae or houndsharks are a family of ground sharks, consisting of about 40 species in nine genera. In some classifications, the family is split into two subfamilies, with the genera Mustelus, Scylliogaleus and Triakis in the subfamily Triakinae, and the remainders in the subfamily Galeorhininae.

Houndsharks are distinguished by possessing two large, spineless dorsal fins, an anal fin and oval eyes with nictitating eyelids. They are small to medium in size, ranging from 37 to 220 cm (1.21 to 7.22 ft) in adult length. They are found throughout the world in warm and temperate waters, where they feed on small fish and invertebrates on the seabed and in midwater.

Fossil records of this group date back to the Cenomanian.
Joe Leibham
Joseph K. Leibham (born June 6, 1969) is an American business executive and lobbyist who served as a Republican member of the Wisconsin Senate, representing the 9th District from 2002 to 2014. He previously served in the Wisconsin Assembly, representing the 26th district from 1998 to 2002.

In December 2014, he resigned from the Senate, to become chief lobbyist for the Milwaukee-based law firm of Foley & Lardner.

Leibham is married to Heather (née Hanson); they have two sons and a daughter.

Foley & Lardner
Foley & Lardner LLP (often referred to simply as "Foley") is an international law firm headquartered in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Founded in 1842, it was ranked 45th by revenue on The American Lawyer's 2025 AmLaw 100 rankings of U.S. law firms, with $1.28 billion gross revenue in 2024.
Chacra Face Road
The Chacra Face Road is one of eight Ancestral Puebloan roads that enters Chaco Canyon, New Mexico. It enters the canyon through a break in the Chacra Mesa called the Fajada Gap, and ends at the great house Una Vida. It probably connected Una Vida to an eastern Puebloan community, Guadalupe Outlier.

Chacra Mesa
The Chacra Mesa is a high mesa massif composing the southwestern flank of Chaco Canyon, a region that is notable for its rich collection of Ancestral Puebloan archaeological sites.

It is located in the northwest portion of the U.S. state of New Mexico, in what is now Chaco Culture National Historical Park. The ruins of Tsin Kletsin, a Chacoan great house, sit on top of it.
Oleg Seleznyov
Oleg Viktorovich Seleznyov (Russian: Олег Викторович Селезнёв, 22 July 1959 – 6 October 2021) was a Russian politician. He served as the member of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly as the representative for the executive authority of Adygea from 2017 until his death.

Adygea
Adygea (/ˌɑːdɪˈɡeɪə/ AH-dig-AY-ə), officially the Republic of Adygea or the Adygean Republic, is a republic of Russia. It is situated in the North Caucasus of Eastern Europe. The republic is a part of the Southern Federal District, and covers an area of 7,600 square kilometers (2,900 sq mi), with a population of roughly 500,731 residents  as at 2025. It is an enclave within Krasnodar Krai and is the fifth-smallest Russian federal subject by area. Maykop is the capital and the largest city of Adygea, home to one-third of the republic's population.

Adygea is one of Russia's ethnic republics, primarily representing the indigenous Circassian people who form 25% of the Republic's population, while Russians form a majority at 60%, and with minority populations of Armenians and Ukrainians. The official languages of Adygea are Adyghe and Russian.
Renaud Donnedieu de Vabres
Renaud Donnedieu de Vabres (French pronunciation: [ʁəno dɔndjø də vabʁ]; born 13 March 1954 in Neuilly-sur-Seine), often known as RDDV, is a French politician, France's Minister of Culture from 2004 to 2007. He is a member of the UMP center-right party, and the grandson of Henri Donnedieu de Vabres.

Ministry of Culture (France)
The Ministry of Culture (French: Ministère de la Culture [ministɛʁ də la kyltyʁ]) is the ministry of the Government of France in charge of national museums and the monuments historiques. Its goal is to maintain the French identity through the promotion and protection of the arts (visual, plastic, theatrical, musical, dance, architectural, literary, televisual and cinematographic) on national soil and abroad. Its budget is mainly dedicated to the management of the Archives Nationales (six national sites and hundred decentralised storage facilities) and the regional Maisons de la culture (culture centres).

Its main office is in the Palais-Royal in the 1st arrondissement of Paris on the Rue de Valois. It is headed by the Minister of Culture, a cabinet member. The most recent officeholder has been Rachida Dati, before she resigned to focus on her candidacy of the 2026 Paris municipal election.
Billy Liar (film)
Billy Liar is a 1963 British CinemaScope comedy-drama film based on the 1959 novel by Keith Waterhouse. Directed by John Schlesinger, it stars Tom Courtenay (who had understudied Albert Finney in the West End theatre adaptation of the novel) as Billy and Julie Christie as Liz, one of his three girlfriends. Mona Washbourne plays Mrs. Fisher and Wilfred Pickles plays Mr. Fisher. Rodney Bewes, Finlay Currie and Leonard Rossiter also feature. The Cinemascope photography is by Denys Coop and Richard Rodney Bennett supplied the score.

The film belongs to the British New Wave, inspired by both the earlier kitchen sink realism movement and the French New Wave. Characteristic of the style is a documentary/cinéma vérité feel and the use of real locations (in this case, many in the city of Bradford in Yorkshire).

Finlay Currie
William Finlay Currie (20 January 1878 – 9 May 1968) was a Scottish actor of stage, screen, and television. He received great acclaim for his roles as Abel Magwitch in the British film Great Expectations (1946), as Saint Peter in Quo Vadis (1951) and as Balthazar in the American film Ben-Hur (1959).

In his career spanning 70 years, Currie appeared in seven films nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture, of which Around the World in 80 Days (1956) and Ben-Hur were winners.
Do Makan
Do Makan (Persian: دومكان) is a village in, and the capital of, Khanmirza Rural District in the Central District of Khanmirza County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Iran. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Aluni, now a city.

Khanmirza County
Khanmirza County (Persian: شهرستان خانمیرزا) is in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Aluni, whose population at the time of the 2016 National Census was 2,775 in 734 households.
Riad Al Sunbati
Riad Mohamed El Sunbati (Arabic: رياض محمد السنباطي), also written as Riad Sonbati or Riadh Sonbati (30 November 1906 – 10 September 1981) was a 20th-century Egyptian composer and musician who was considered an icon of Egyptian Music. He composed  539 works for the Egyptian Opera, operettas and  Egyptian cinema. He also composed religious music and wrote lyrics for Arab singers, among them  Umm Kulthum, Fairouz, Asmahan, Warda Al-Jazairia, Najat Al Saghira, Mounira El Mahdeya, Fayza Ahmed, Saleh Abdel Hai, and Aziza Galal.

Saleh Abdel Hai
Saleh Abdel Hai  (1896–1962) (Arabic: صالح عبد الحي) was an Egyptian singer.

Saleh Abdel Hai was born in 1896 at Darb Hanafi lane, Cairo, Egypt. He grew up in an environment of art, and schooled at the hands of Mohammad Omar, a player of Kanun in the choir of Yusuf Almnilaoi and Abdalehi Helmi. He sang the (Mawal) through it; he had strong voice, was to sing before the appearance of radio broadcast in open and closed areas.

Abdel Hai belonged to the so-called Sahbageya; the company applauds the night concerts in Cairo. A famous distinction classic (Tarab) singer, sang the old type of oriental music. He contributed to the musical theatre with Mounira El Mahdeya and musician Mohamed Abdel Wahab, in 1929 he cratered his Owen musical theatre. Zakaria Ahmed, Mohamed El Qasabgi wrote several songs for him.

Abdel Hai did not marry or have children, he died in 1962.
Flag of Tunisia
The national flag of Tunisia is a rectangular panel of red color with an aspect ratio of 2:3. In the center of the cloth in a white disk is placed a red crescent, surrounding a red five-pointed star on three sides. The Tunisian Bey Hussein II decided to create a flag for Tunisia, close in appearance to the modern one, after the Battle of Navarino on 20 October 1827; in 1831 he was officially approved. In that form, the flag existed during the French protectorate, and on 1 June 1959, it was proclaimed the state flag of the Republic of Tunisia (in accordance with the Tunisian Constitution). On 30 June 1999, the proportions and design of the flag were clarified by a special law. The general appearance of the flag remained virtually unchanged.

The crescent and the star depicted on the flag of Tunisia are symbols related to the Ottoman Empire and its historic rule of the region.

Al-Husayn II ibn Mahmud
Al-Husayn II ibn Mahmud (Arabic: حسين الثاني بن محمود), commonly referred to as Hussein II Bey (Arabic: حسين باي الثاني ; 5 March 1784 – 20 May 1835) was the Bey of Tunis from 1824 until his death in 1835. He was of a Greek descent royal family.
Fong Sip Chee
Andrew Fong Sip Chee, PJG (Chinese: 邝摄治; 28 June 1938 – 5 December 1992) was a Singaporean politician. A member of the People's Action Party (PAP), Fong served as the Minister of State for Culture from 1981 to 1985, the Member of Parliament (MP) representing Stamford Constituency from 1963 to 1976, and the MP representing Kampong Chai Chee Constituency from 1977 to 1988.

Fong also served as the Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Culture and to the Ministry of Labour from 1963 to 1971 and 1972, respectively, and the Senior Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Labour from 1972 to 1981.

Fourth Lee Kuan Yew Cabinet
The Fourth Lee Kuan Yew Cabinet is the fourth Cabinet of Singapore formed by Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew. It was formed in 1972 after the 1972 Singaporean general election. The cabinet lasted from 1972 to 1976, with one shuffle in 1975.
Vincent Adler
Vincent Adler (3 April 1826, Győr – 4 January 1871, Geneva) was a Hungarian composer and pianist.

Adler received his initial musical training from his brother-in-law Ferenc Erkel and later studied in Vienna, before finally settling in Paris. From Paris, he embarked on numerous concert tours of Europe as a soloist. In 1864, he started teaching at the Geneva Conservatory.

Adler composed many études and virtuosic salon pieces for the piano, which were filled with Hungarian colour.

Ferenc Erkel
Ferenc Erkel (Hungarian: Erkel Ferenc Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈɛrkɛl ˈfɛrɛnt͡s], German: Franz Erkel; November 7, 1810 – June 15, 1893) was a Hungarian composer, conductor and pianist. He was the father of Hungarian grand opera, written mainly on historical themes, which are still often performed in Hungary. He also composed the music of "Himnusz", the national anthem of Hungary, which was adopted in 1844. He died in Budapest.
Peter Landesman
Peter Landesman (born 3 January 1965) is an American screenwriter, film director, producer, journalist, novelist and painter. He wrote a number of cover stories for The New York Times Magazine, The New Yorker, The Atlantic Monthly and others, including investigations into global arms trafficking, sex trafficking, refugee trafficking, the Rwandan genocide, and the creation and smuggling of forged and stolen art and antiquities. He also reported from the conflicts in Kosovo, Rwanda, and Pakistan and Afghanistan post-9/11.

As a filmmaker, he wrote and directed the biographical films Parkland (2013), Concussion (2015) and Mark Felt: The Man Who Brought Down the White House (2017).

The New York Times Magazine
The New York Times Magazine is an American Sunday magazine included with the Sunday edition of The New York Times. It features articles longer than those typically in the newspaper and has attracted many notable contributors. The magazine is noted for its photography, especially relating to fashion and style.