hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Popular Liberalism
Popular Liberalism (Liberalismo Popolare, LP), subsequently known also as Houses of the Citizen (Case del Cittadino, CdC), was a liberal faction within Forza Italia, a political party in Italy.

The group was basically composed of those Liberals (former members of the Italian Liberal Party, PLI) who formed the Union of the Centre in 1993, after the PLI's dissolution, took part to the Pole of Freedoms/Pole for Freedoms coalition and finally joined Forza Italia in 1999, continuing its activity through the association Liberal Union of the Centre (Unione Liberale di Centro, ULdC). The LP faction was founded in 2003 by six Forza Italia's MPs: three former Liberals (Alfredo Biondi, Raffaele Costa and Valter Zanetta) and three former Christian Democrats with a liberal streak (Roberto Rosso, Renzo Patria and Benedetto Nicotra) and had circles all around Italy, especially in Piedmont, home-region of Costa, Zanetta, Rosso and Patria.

Raffaele Costa
Raffaele Costa (born 8 September 1936) is an Italian politician who was a deputy for decades and a minister and undersecrtary in various givernments. He was the president of the province of Cuneo from June 2004 to June 2009. Previously, he was a member of the Chamber of Deputies representing the Italian Liberal Party and later Forza Italia between 1976 and 2003, and was also Minister for the Coordination of Community Policies and Regional Affairs from 1992 to 1993, Minister of Transport and Navigation from 1993 to 1994, Minister of Health between 1993 and 1995, and a member of the European Parliament (MEP) of the European People's Party from 1999 until June 2004. He was a author and publisher, and his son also became a prominent politician.
Julius Joseph (spy)
Julius J. Joseph was an American government official who was alleged to be a Soviet spy in the Venona Project transcripts.  During World War II, he worked in the Office for Emergency Management (1942) and the Labor War Manpower Commission (1943) and from 1943 to 1945 for the Far Eastern section (Japanese intelligence) of the U.S. Office of Strategic Services (OSS) where his wife Bella Joseph also worked.

Venona decrypt 880 of 8 June 1943 from New York KGB Rezident Vasily Zarubin to KGB foreign intelligence head General Pavel Fitin in Moscow  is about the OSS and the Office of War Information (OWI).  It discusses the activities of five agents, or "probationers" as they are referred to, Maurice Halperin, Duncan Chapin Lee, Bella Joseph, Franz Neumann, and Julius Joseph.

In 1945, Joseph had become Deputy Chief of the Far Eastern Division.  He is referred to as a Soviet source in the OSS in the Venona traffic under the cryptonym "Cautious".

Franz Neumann (political scientist)
Franz Leopold Neumann (23 May 1900 – 2 September 1954) was a German political activist, Western Marxist theorist and labor lawyer, who became a political scientist in  exile and is best known for his theoretical analyses of Nazism. He  studied in Germany and the United Kingdom, and spent the last phase of his career in the United States, where he worked for the Office of Strategic Services from 1943 to 1945. During the Second World War, Neumann spied for the Soviet Union under the code-name "Ruff". Together with Ernst Fraenkel and Arnold Bergstraesser, Neumann is considered to be among the founders of modern political science in the Federal Republic of Germany.
Ghost pepper
The ghost pepper, also known as bhut jolokia (lit. 'Bhutanese pepper' or 'ghost pepper' in Assamese) or naga jolokia, is a superhot chili pepper cultivated in Northeast India.
In 2007, Guinness World Records certified that the ghost pepper was the world's hottest chili pepper, 170 times hotter than Tabasco sauce. The ghost chili is rated at more than one million Scoville Heat Units (SHUs) and far surpasses the amount of a habanero. However, the ghost chili has since been superseded by the Trinidad Scorpion Butch T pepper in 2011, the Carolina Reaper in 2013 and Pepper X in 2023.

Ghost pepper belongs to the species Capsicum chinense, but RAPD analysis indicates the presence of some genetic material from Capsicum frutescens from an introgression event, however, there is no indication that this is related to its exceptional heat.

Trinidad Scorpion Butch T pepper
The Trinidad Scorpion Butch T  is a Capsicum chinense cultivar that is among the hottest peppers in the world. It is a hybrid pepper and thus not indigenous to anywhere; however, its hybrid parentage is derived from the Trinidad Moruga scorpion indigenous to Trinidad and Tobago. It was named by Neil Smith of the Hippy Seed Company, after he got the seeds originally from  Butch Taylor (the owner of Zydeco Farms in Woodville/Crosby, Mississippi, and a hot sauce company) who is responsible for propagating the pepper's seeds.  The "scorpion" peppers are referred to as such because the pointed end of the pepper is said to resemble a scorpion's stinger.
Flying Tiger 2
Flying Tiger 2 (Chinese: 飛虎之雷霆極戰) is a 2019 Hong Kong action crime drama television series jointly produced by Shaw Brothers Studios and Youku. It stars Michael Miu, Bosco Wong, Kenneth Ma, Ron Ng, Lawrence Ng, Joel Chan, Yoyo Mung and Kelly Cheung as the main leads. It is created by Cha Chuen Yee, Raymond Lee and Billy Tang. Flying Tiger 2 is the second installment of the Flying Tiger franchise, featuring a new storyline. The series first premiered on Youku on 6 September 2019.

Kelly Cheung
Kelly Cheung (Chinese: 張曦雯; pinyin: Cheung Hei-Man, born 11 May 1990) is a Hongkonger-American actress, tv host and beauty pageant titleholder. She currently contracted to TVB. She is the winner of Miss Chinese International 2012 and represented Hong Kong at Miss World 2012.
Paducah and Elizabethtown Railroad
The Paducah and Elizabethtown Railroad was a 19th-century railway company in western Kentucky in the United States. It operated from 1877, when it purchased the Louisville, Paducah and Southwestern Railroad, until 1882, when it was purchased by the Chesapeake, Ohio and Southwestern Railroad. It later made up part of the Illinois Central network and its former rights-of-way currently form parts of the class-II Paducah and Louisville Railway.

It connected with the Evansville, Owensboro and Nashville Railroad (the later Owensboro and Nashville Railroad and Railway) at Central City in Muhlenberg County.

Evansville, Owensboro and Nashville Railroad
The Evansville, Owensboro and Nashville Railroad was a 19th-century railway company in western Kentucky in the United States. As of 1880, the railroad passed north and south through Daviess County and McLean County, into Muhlenberg County, Kentucky, but had not yet been completed,

On January 14, 1880, the railroad filed for consolidation with Owensboro and Nashville Railroad and Owensboro and Russellville Railroad.
's-Gravenzande
's‑Gravenzande is a town in the province of South Holland, in the Netherlands. It is a part of the municipality of Westland, and lies about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) southwest of The Hague. Until 2004, it was a separate municipality and covered an area of 20.77 km2 (8.02 sq mi) of which 3.38 km2 (1.31 sq mi) is water.

The town of 's‑Gravenzande had 15,241 inhabitants in 2011. The built-up area of the town was 2.7 km2 (1.0 sq mi), and contained 5,879 residences.

As of 1 January 2023, 's‑Gravenzande is the largest town in Westland with 23.470 inhabitants.

The former municipality of 's‑Gravenzande also included the township of Heenweg.

Heenweg
Heenweg is a village in the province of South Holland, Western Netherlands. It is a part of the municipality of Westland, and lies about 7 km (4.3 mi) northwest of Maassluis.

In 2001, the village of Heenweg had 601 inhabitants. The built-up area of the village was 0.076 km², and contained 228 residences. The statistical area Heenweg, which also includes the peripheral parts of the village, as well as the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 690.
Ridge Pike
Ridge Pike is a major historic road in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania that opened in 1706 that originally connected Wissahickon Creek to Perkiomen Creek. Inside Philadelphia, it is called Ridge Avenue.  Going westward, it traverses many eastern Pennsylvania neighborhoods in Montgomery County including Conshohocken and beyond, connecting with Germantown Pike near Collegeville and continuing to Pottstown. In Montgomery County, Ridge Pike is called Main Street in the Norristown area and again in Collegeville and Trappe, and is called High Street in the Pottstown area.

The intersection of 13th Street and Ridge Avenue is notable for being the location of Benjamin Franklin's kite experiment which led to the proof that lightning is electricity. Portions of Ridge Pike carried U.S. Route 422 (US 422) before the route was moved onto a freeway alignment between west of Pottstown and King of Prussia.

Trappe, Pennsylvania
Trappe (Pennsylvania German: Drapp) is a borough in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2020 census, Trappe had a population of 4,002. Augustus Lutheran Church, built in 1743, is the oldest unchanged Lutheran church building in the United States in continuous use by the same congregation. It has been designated a National Historic Landmark.
Psoralea glandulosa
Psoralea glandulosa is a herb species in the genus Psoralea found in Perú and Chile in South America and also in the United States.

Psoralea glandulosa was described by Carl Linnaeus and published in Species Plantarum 2: 1075. 1763. As of May 2023, Plants of the World Online treats the species as Otholobium glandulosum, which it regards as an unplaced name.

Psoralea
Psoralea is a genus in the legume family (Fabaceae) with 121 species of shrubs, trees, and herbs native to southern and eastern Africa, ranging from Kenya to South Africa. In South Africa they are commonly referred to as fountainbush (English); fonteinbos, bloukeur, or penwortel (Afrikaans); and umHlonishwa (Zulu).
2024 Bakersfield, California, mayoral election
The 2024 Bakersfield mayoral election was held on November 5, 2024, to elect the mayor of Bakersfield, California. Incumbent Republican mayor Karen Goh easily won re-election in a landslide against Gegory Tatum who was also a Republican.

Municipal elections in California are officially non-partisan. The primary election was held on March 5th.

Karen Goh
Karen K. Goh (born 1955) is an American politician and non-profit organization executive serving as the 26th and current mayor of Bakersfield, California. Before becoming mayor of Bakersfield, Goh was a non-profit executive at Garden Pathways. Goh is Bakersfield's first mayor of Asian descent. Goh defeated her opponent Kyle Carter with 52.75% of the votes. Goh was elected into office during November 2016, and was re-elected to an additional four-year term in March 2020, operating under a council manager form of government.

Goh is Bakersfield's first minority mayor and second woman to hold the position, after Mary K. Shell.

Goh serves on the boards of the Rotary Club of Bakersfield, Bakersfield Arts District Foundation, and Kern Leadership Alliance.
Thermochromic ink
Thermochromic ink (also called thermochromatic ink) is a type of dye that changes color in response to a change in temperature. It was first used in the 1970s in novelty toys like mood rings, but has found some practical uses in things such as thermometers, product packaging, and pens. The ink has also found applications within the medical field for specific medical simulations in medical training. Thermochromic ink can also turn transparent when heat is applied; an example of this type of ink can be found on the corners of an examination mark sheet to prove that the sheet has not been edited or photocopied.

Leuco dye
A leuco dye (from the Greek λευκό leuko: white ) is a dye which can switch between two chemical forms, one of which is colorless. Reversible transformations can be caused by heat, light or pH, resulting in examples of thermochromism, photochromism and halochromism, respectively. Irreversible transformations typically involve reduction or oxidation. The colorless form is sometimes referred to as the leuco form.

Leuco dyes form the basis of thermal printer papers and certain pH indicators.
Herbert Lindesay Watson Wemyss
Herbert Lindesay Watson Wemyss FRCPE (1855 – 3 February 1933) was a Scottish physician. Contrary to conventional understanding, where splenomegaly was understood to occur as a late finding of polycythemia vera, he reported cases of the disease in which splenomegaly preceded the onset of polycythaemia. He authored a notable paper that outlined the distinction between transient and permanent polycythaemia, extensively documented the microscopic and macroscopic characteristics of bone marrow extracted from living individuals with the disease, and in addition wrote on renal osteodystrophy.

Polycythemia vera
In oncology, polycythemia vera (PV) is an uncommon myeloproliferative neoplasm in which the bone marrow makes too many red blood cells. Approximately 98% of PV patients have a JAK2 gene mutation in their blood-forming cells (compared with 0.1-0.2% of the general population).

Most of the health concerns associated with PV, such as thrombosis, are caused by the blood being thicker as a result of the increased red blood cells.

PV may be asymptomatic. Possible symptoms, if any do occur, include fatigue, itching (pruritus), particularly after exposure to warm water, and severe burning pain in the hands or feet that is usually accompanied by a reddish or bluish coloration of the skin.

Treatment consists primarily of blood withdrawals (phlebotomy) and oral meds.

PV is more common in the elderly.
Mexcala angolensis
Mexcala angolensis is  a species of jumping spider in the genus Mexcala that is endemic to Angola, after which it is named. The spider was first defined in 2009 by Wanda Wesołowska, one of over 500 that the arachnologist described during her career. The spider is medium-sized, with a brownish carapace typically 3.4 mm (0.13 in) long and a light brown abdomen typically 3.0 mm (0.12 in) long that has an indistinct dark streak that runs down the middle. It mimics ants and ant-like wasps, living alongside and preying upon them. The male can be distinguished from other Mexcala species by the small teeth at the end of its tibial apophysis, or spike, and the lack of a bump on its palpal bulb. The female has not been described.

Arachnology
Arachnology (from Ancient Greek ἀράχνη (arákhnē), meaning "spider", and λόγος (lógos), meaning "study") is the scientific study of arachnids, which comprise spiders and related invertebrates such as scorpions, pseudoscorpions, harvestmen, ticks, and mites. Those who study spiders and other arachnids are arachnologists. More narrowly, the study of spiders alone (order Araneae) is known as araneology.

The word "arachnology" from Ancient Greek ἀράχνη (arákhnē), meaning "spider", and λόγος (lógos), meaning "study". The Ancient Greek word for "spider" itself refers to Arachne, the female protagonist of an ancient tale of the Greek Mythology.
Mahfuzul Haque
Mahfuzul Haque (born 15 November 1969) is a Bangladeshi Islamic scholar, educator, and former politician, currently serving as the Governor of the Islamic Foundation Bangladesh since 18 November 2024. He has held the position of Secretary-General of Befaqul Madarisil Arabia Bangladesh since 3 October 2020 and previously served as the Secretary-General of Bangladesh Khelafat Majlis from 2013 to 2020. He is the principal of Jamia Rahmania Arabia, an Islamic seminary founded with the involvement of his father, Azizul Haque. He is an ex-officio member of the standing committee of Al-Haiatul Ulya Lil-Jamiatil Qawmia Bangladesh, vice president of Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh, and chairs the Shariah Supervisory Committee of Social Islami Bank. He also oversees the publication of the monthly religious magazine Rahmani Paigam.

Islamic Foundation Bangladesh
Islamic Foundation Bangladesh (Bengali: ইসলামিক ফাউন্ডেশন বাংলাদেশ) is a government organization under the Ministry of Religious Affairs in Bangladesh working to disseminate values and ideals of Islam and carry out activities related to those values and ideals. The head office of the foundation is in Dhaka, which is supported by 6 divisional offices and 64 district offices, as well as 7 Imam Training Academy Centers and 29 Islamic Mission Centers. The director general is the chief executive of the foundation.
Condylocarpon
Condylocarpon is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apocynaceae first described as a genus in 1822. It is primarily native to South America, though found also in Trinidad & Tobago and Nicaragua.

Species

Condylocarpon amazonicum (Markgr.) Ducke - Suriname, Venezuela, Bolivia, NW Brazil

†Condylocarpon glabrum Müll.Arg.  - Espírito Santo in Brazil but extinct

Condylocarpon guyanense Desf. - French Guiana, Guyana, Amapá

Condylocarpon intermedium Müll.Arg. - Nicaragua, Trinidad & Tobago, Venezuela, the Guianas, N Brazil

Condylocarpon isthmicum (Vell.) A.DC. - Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, NE Argentina

Condylocarpon myrtifolium (Miq.) Müll.Arg. - Venezuela, Bolivia, NW Brazil, the Guianas

Condylocarpon pubiflorum Müll.Arg. - Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, NW Brazil

Condylocarpon guyanense
Condylocarpon guyanense is a species of plant in the Apocynaceae family. It is native to Brazil, French Guiana, and Guyana. René Louiche Desfontaines, the botanist who first formally described the species, named it after Guyana where Joseph Martin collected the specimen he examined.
The Lovebirds (2020 film)
The Lovebirds is a 2020 American romantic comedy film directed by Michael Showalter from a screenplay by Aaron Abrams and Brendan Gall, and a story by Abrams, Gall, and Martin Gero. The film stars Issa Rae and Kumail Nanjiani, as well as Paul Sparks, Anna Camp, and Kyle Bornheimer, and follows a couple who go on the run after witnessing a murder.

Originally scheduled to be a theatrical release by Paramount Pictures on April 3, 2020, the film was removed from the release schedule due to the COVID-19 pandemic closing theaters worldwide. Its rights were then sold to Netflix, which released the film digitally on May 22, 2020. The film received mixed reviews from critics, although Rae and Nanjiani's performances were praised.

Anna Camp
Anna Ragsdale Camp (born September 27, 1982) is an American actress. She portrayed the villainous Sarah Newlin in the HBO vampire drama True Blood (2009, 2012–2014), Aubrey Posen in the Pitch Perfect film series (2012–2017), and the dual role of Reagan and Maddie Lockwood in the Netflix thriller You (2025).

Camp has had recurring roles in the television series Mad Men (2010), The Good Wife (2011–2016), The Mindy Project (2012–2013), and Vegas (2013). She also played Jane Hollander, a researcher for the fictitious News of the Week magazine, in the Amazon Prime series Good Girls Revolt (2016), and had minor roles in the films The Help (2011) and Café Society (2016).

Camp made her Broadway debut in the 2008 production of The Country Girl and played Jill Mason in the 2008 Broadway revival of Peter Shaffer's Equus. In 2012, she was nominated for a Drama Desk Award for her performance in the Off-Broadway play All New People.
Little Church Around the Corner (film)
The Little Church Around the Corner, or simply Little Church Around the Corner, is a 1923 American drama film directed by William A. Seiter and written by Olga Printzlau. The film stars Claire Windsor, Kenneth Harlan, Hobart Bosworth, Pauline Starke, Walter Long, and Cyril Chadwick. The film was released by Warner Bros. in March 1923.

Walter Long (actor)
Walter Huntley Long (March 5, 1879 – July 4, 1952) was an American stage and film character actor who between 1909 and the late 1940s performed in nearly 200 screen productions.  He appeared in blackface in The Birth of a Nation, a film depicting black characters, such as the one portrayed by Long, as savage sexual predators and the Ku Klux Klan as society’s righteous protector.

Among his many other roles in both the silent and sound eras, he portrayed mostly crooks, tough guys, and comic villains, including in four short comedies with Laurel and Hardy. He played Miles Archer, Sam Spade's partner, in the first film of The Maltese Falcon (1931).
Mysore division
Mysore division, officially Mysuru division, is an administrative division in the southern Indian state of Karnataka. It is one of four administrative divisions in Karnataka, the others being Bangalore division, Belagavi division, and Kalaburagi division. Mysore division comprises eight districts of Karnataka, namely, Chamarajanagar, Chikmagalur, Dakshina Kannada, Hassan, Kodagu, Mandya, Mysore and Udupi district. The city of Mysore is the administrative headquarters of the division. Mysore division covers parts of historical Old Mysore region and southern part of Coastal Karnataka.The total area of the division is 43,503 sq.km. The total population as of 2011 census is 12,563,598.

Kanara
Kanara, also known as Canara and Karāvali, is the historically significant stretch of land situated by the southwestern coast of India, alongside the Arabian Sea in the present-day Indian state of Karnataka. The subregion comprises three civil districts, namely: Uttara Kannada, Udupi, and Dakshina Kannada. Kasaragod was included prior to the States Reorganisation Act.
Sabine Lohmann
Sabine Lohmann (born 13 March 1973) is a German former professional tennis player.

Lohmann played on the professional tour in the early 1990s, reaching a best singles ranking of 184 in the world. At the 1993 Australian Open she made the second round of qualifying and also featured in the main draw of the doubles, partnering Veronika Martinek.

Veronika Martinek
Veronika Martinek (born 3 April 1972) is a former professional tennis player playing for Germany. On 25 March 1991, she reached a career high of No. 49 on the WTA rankings. Her career stretched from the end of the 1980s to 2001.

In 1995, she lost in the third round of Roland-Garros to Adriana Serra Zanetti, her best performance in Grand Slam tournaments.
WKNO-FM
The WKNO FM Stations is a pair of public radio stations based in Memphis, Tennessee, that serve the "Mid-South" region with local fine arts and classical music programs, as well as news and information programs from the National Public Radio, Public Radio International, and American Public Media networks.

The stations are owned and operated by the Mid-South Public Communications Foundation, a non-profit organization governed by a board of trustees composed of volunteers. This board also operates Memphis' public television station, WKNO.

Two stations comprise the network:

WKNO-FM 91.1: Memphis (flagship). Signal reaches about a 50-mile radius from the city, covering the southwestern corner of Tennessee, eastern Arkansas, the extreme southern portions of the Missouri Bootheel, and northwestern Mississippi.

WKNP 90.1: Jackson, Tennessee. Signal covers much of the state between the Memphis area, the Tennessee River, and the Kentucky state line.

American Public Media
American Public Media (APM) is an American company that produces and distributes public radio programs in the United States, the second largest company of its type after NPR. Its non-profit parent, American Public Media Group, also owns and operates radio stations in Minnesota and California. Its station brands include Minnesota Public Radio and Southern California Public Radio. Based in Saint Paul, Minnesota, APM is best known for distribution of the national financial news program Marketplace.