hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spanish object pronouns
Spanish object pronouns are Spanish personal pronouns that take the function of the object in the sentence. Object pronouns may be both clitic and non-clitic, with non-clitic forms carrying greater emphasis.  When used as clitics, object pronouns are generally proclitic, i.e. they appear before the verb of which they are the object; enclitic pronouns (i.e. pronouns attached to the end of the verb) appear with positive imperatives, infinitives, and gerunds.  Non-clitic forms, by contrast, can appear anywhere in the sentence but can only rarely be used without their clitic counterparts.  When used together, clitic pronouns cluster in specific orders based primarily on person, and clitic doubling is often found as well.  In many dialects in Central Spain, including that of Madrid, there exists the phenomenon of leísmo, which is using the indirect object pronoun le as the direct object pronoun where most other dialects would use lo (masculine) or la (feminine).

Spanish personal pronouns
Spanish personal pronouns have distinct forms according to whether they stand for the subject (nominative) or object, and third-person pronouns make an additional distinction for direct object (accusative) or indirect object (dative), and for reflexivity as well. Several pronouns also have special forms used after prepositions.

Spanish is a pro-drop language with respect to subject pronouns, and, like many European languages, Spanish makes a T-V distinction in second person pronouns that has no equivalent in modern English. Object pronouns can be both clitic and non-clitic, with non-clitic forms carrying greater emphasis.  With clitic pronouns, proclitic forms are much more common, but enclitic forms are mandatory in certain situations. There is significant regional variation in the use of personal pronouns, especially second-person pronouns.
Vladimir Amarin
Vladimir Viktorovich Amarin (born 1961) is a Belarusian economist and politician. He most notably served as Minister of Finance from 2014 to 2018.

Born in Minsk, Amarin graduated from the Belarus State Economic University in 1983 before working in the financial sector. In 2001 he became Head of the Main Directorate of Budget Policy, a position he held until 2006 when he left and graduated from the Academy of Public Administration. He then became one of the Deputy Ministers of Finance, and by 2008 he was the First Deputy Prime Minister of Finance. On 6 November 2014, Alexander Lukashenko nominated Amarin to be Minister of Finance. In this role, he forged closer ties with China and also attempted negotiations with the IMF. However, he was dismissed in 2018. Since his time as minister he has been a part of the Standing Committee of the Union State, where he is Deputy Secretary of State.

Union State
The Union State is a supranational union consisting of Belarus and Russia, with the stated aim of deepening the relationship between the two states through integration in economic and defence policy. The Union State initially aimed to create a federation; however, both countries remain independent, and the Union State instead exhibits features of a confederation.

The Union State is based on the Treaty on the Union of Belarus and Russia, an international treaty signed by Belarus and Russia on 2 April 1997. Although it consists of only Russia and Belarus, other countries are allowed to join. The supranational union is ruled through the Supreme State Council, as well as other governing bodies. As of 2025, the current president of the Supreme State Council of the Union is Alexander Lukashenko, who has held the position since 2000. The present goal of the Union State mainly focuses on economic integration, taxation, and integration of defence and intelligence apparatus.
History of Christianity in Norway
The history of Christianity in Norway started in the Viking Age in the 9th century. Trade, plundering raids, and travel brought the Norsemen into close contacts with Christian communities, but their conversion only started after powerful chieftains decided to receive baptism during their stay in England or Normandy. Haakon the Good was the first king to make efforts to convert the whole country, but the rebellious pagan chieftains forced him to apostatize. Olaf Tryggvason started the destruction of pagan cult sites in the late 10th century, but only Olaf Haraldsson achieved the official adaption of Christianity in the 1020s. Missionary bishops subjected to the archbishops of Hamburg-Bremen were responsible for the spread of the new faith before the earliest bishoprics were established around 1100.

Haakon the Good
Haakon Haraldsson (c. 920–961), also Haakon the Good (Old Norse: Hákon góði, Norwegian: Håkon den gode) and Haakon Adalsteinfostre (Old Norse: Hákon Aðalsteinsfóstri, Norwegian: Håkon Adalsteinsfostre), was the king of Norway from 934 to 961. He was noted for his attempts to introduce Christianity into Norway.
Amman Arul
Amman Arul is a 1973 Indian Tamil-language film directed by Pattu. The film stars A. V. M. Rajan, Jaishankar and Manjula. The film was produced by P. L. Palaniappa Chettiar in the name of his son S. Ram.  Its music was composed by Shankar–Ganesh. The film was released on 27 April 1973.

A. V. M. Rajan
Shanmugasundaram, known by his stage name A.V.M. Rajan, (26 July 1935) is an Indian preacher and former actor who was active in Tamil cinema. He was one of the top actors in the industry during the 1960s and 1970s.
Mark Anthony Jarman
Mark Anthony Jarman (born 11 June 1955 in Edmonton, Alberta) is a Canadian fiction writer. Jarman's work includes the novel Salvage King, Ya!, the short story collection Knife Party at the Hotel Europa and the travel book Ireland's Eye.

A graduate of the Iowa Writers' Workshop, Jarman has taught at the University of New Brunswick and the University of Victoria.

Jarman's writing has won the O. Henry Award, the Gold National Magazine Award in nonfiction, the Jack Hodgins Fiction Prize, and has been a finalist for the Journey Prize. Jarman has been awarded the Maclean-Hunter Endowment Award twice.

O. Henry Award
The O. Henry Award is an annual American award given to short stories of exceptional merit. The award is named after the American short-story writer O. Henry.

The PEN/O. Henry Prize Stories is an annual collection of the year's twenty best stories published in U.S. and Canadian magazines. Along with The Best American Short Stories, the O. Henry Prize Stories is one of the two "best-known annual anthologies of short fiction."

Until 2002 there were first, second, and third prize winners and from 2003 to 2019 there were three jurors who each selected a short story of special interest or merit; the collection is called The PEN/O. Henry Prize Stories, and the original collection was called Prize Stories 1919: The O. Henry Memorial Awards.
Oliver S. Glisson
Oliver Spencer Glisson (January 18, 1809 – November 20, 1890), was a rear admiral of the United States Navy. After commanding a schooner in the Mexican–American War, he was posted to the East India Squadron and took part in the Japan Expedition when the first treaty with the Japanese was signed by Commodore Matthew Perry in 1853. Throughout the American Civil War, Glisson served in the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron, intercepting illegal trade across the Potomac, and patrolling the mouth of the Rappahannock. Early in the war, Glisson rescued a group of slaves who were being used by the Confederates as a human shield. Although this rescue contravened the Fugitive Slave Act, it was authorised by Secretary of the Navy Gideon Welles on humanitarian grounds.

Gideon Welles
Gideon Welles (July 1, 1802 – February 11, 1878) was an American government official who was the United States Secretary of the Navy from 1861 to 1869, a cabinet post he was awarded after supporting Abraham Lincoln in the 1860 election. Although opposed to the Union blockade of Southern ports, he duly carried out his part of the Anaconda Plan, largely sealing off the Confederate coastline and preventing the exchange of cotton for war supplies. This is viewed as a major cause of Union victory in the Civil War, and his achievement in expanding the Navy almost tenfold was widely praised. Welles was also instrumental in the Navy's creation of the Medal of Honor. Lincoln nicknamed him his "Neptune".
Nuno Fernandes
Francisco Nuno Fernandes (born 1 April 1969 in Porto, Portugal) is a retired Portuguese athlete who specialised in pole vaulting. He represented Portugal at three consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 1992, each time failing to qualify for the final.

His personal record was 5.66 metres outdoors and 5.62 metres indoors, both set in 1996. Those marks stood as national records until being broken by Edi Maia in 2013 and 2012 respectively.

Edi Maia
Edi Maia (born 10 November 1987 in Setúbal) is a Portuguese pole vaulter. He competed in the pole vault event at the 2012 Summer Olympics.

His outdoor personal best in the event is 5.70 metres achieved in Lisbon in 2013, which is the Portuguese record. His indoor best of 5.70 metres, achieved in Orléans in 2014, is also a current national record.
Standing Stone Trail
The Standing Stone Trail is an 84.2-mile (135.5 km) linear hiking trail in south-central Pennsylvania, leading from Cowans Gap State Park in Fulton County, north to Detweiler Run Natural Area in Huntingdon County. Most of the trail follows rocky ridgetops in the Appalachian Mountains, with some walking through agricultural valleys and small towns, and it also passes through various segments of Rothrock State Forest and four different State Game Lands. It was constructed to connect the Tuscarora Trail and Mid State Trail, and it is a component of the Great Eastern Trail network.

Cowans Gap State Park
Cowans Gap State Park is a 1,085-acre (439 ha) Pennsylvania state park in Todd Township, Fulton County and Metal Township, Franklin County, Pennsylvania in the United States. The park is largely surrounded by Buchanan State Forest in Allens Valley just off Pennsylvania Route 75 near Fort Loudon.
Saint Faith
Saint Faith, Saint Faith of Conques or Saint Faith of Agen (Latin: Sancta Fides; French: Sainte Foy; Spanish: Santa Fe) is a saint who is said to have been a girl or young woman of Agen in Aquitaine. Her legend recounts how she was arrested during persecution of Christians by the Roman Empire and refused to make pagan sacrifices. Saint Faith was tortured to death with a red-hot brazier. Her death is sometimes said to have occurred in the year 287 or 290, sometimes in the large-scale Diocletianic Persecution beginning in 303. She is listed as "Sancta Fides, Virgin and martyr", in the martyrologies.

The center of her cult was transferred to the Abbey of Sainte-Foy, Conques, where her relics arrived in the ninth century, stolen from Agen by a monk from the Abbey nearby at Conques.

Cult (religious practice)
Cult is the care (Latin: cultus) owed to deities or saints and their temples, shrines, or churches; cult is embodied in ritual and ceremony. Its presence or former presence is made concrete in temples, shrines and churches, and cult images, including votive offerings at votive sites.
Surveillance and target acquisition
Surveillance and target acquisition (STA) is a military role assigned to units and/or their equipment. It involves watching an area to see what changes (surveillance) and then the acquisition of targets based on that information.

Target acquisition
Target acquisition is the detection and identification of the location of a target in sufficient detail to permit the effective employment of lethal and non-lethal means. The term is used for a broad area of applications.

A "target" here is an entity or object considered for possible engagement or other action (see Targeting). Targets include a wide array of resources that an enemy commander can use to conduct operations including mobile and stationary units, forces, equipment, capabilities, facilities, persons and functions. It may comprise target acquisition, Joint Targeting or Information Operations.

Technically target acquisition may just denote the process of a weapon system to decide which object to lock on to, as opposed to surveillance on one and target tracking on the other side; for example in an anti-aircraft system.
Lai Lai Win
Lai Lai Win (born 9 February 1977) is a Burmese sprinter. She won a silver medal for the women's 400 metres at the 2007 Southeast Asian Games in Bangkok, Thailand, with a time of 55.11 seconds.

Win represented Myanmar at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where she competed for the women's 200 metres. She ran in the fourth heat against seven other athletes, including Bahrain's Roqaya Al-Gassra, and Jamaica's Kerron Stewart, both of whom were heavy favorites in this event. She finished the race in last place by three quarters of a second (0.75) behind Barbados' Jade Bailey, with a time of 24.37 seconds. Win, however, failed to advance into the quarterfinals, as she placed forty-third overall, and was ranked below four mandatory slots for the next round.

Jade Bailey (athlete)
Jade Latoya Bailey (born June 10, 1983) is a track and field sprint athlete who competes internationally for Barbados. Bailey lives in Barbados and is coached by Keith Thornhill.

She won the bronze medal in 200 metres at the 2006 Central American and Caribbean Games. Bailey has competed in several European meetings between 2007 & 2009.

Bailey represented Barbados at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. She competed at the 100 metres sprint and placed second in her first round heat after Yevgeniya Polyakova in a time of 11.24 seconds. She qualified for the second round but was eliminated not qualifying for the semi-finals as her time of 11.67 was the eighth time of her race. In 2009, she represented Barbados at the IAAF World Championships in the 200m event in which she holds the national record of 22.91 seconds.

She is a member of the Fenerbahçe S.K. athletics club in Turkey.
Emily Rosa
Emily Rosa (born February 6, 1987) is the youngest person to have a research paper published in a peer reviewed medical journal. At age nine, Rosa conceived and executed a scientific study of therapeutic touch, which was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association in 1998. She graduated from the University of Colorado at Denver in 2009 with a major in psychology. Her parents, Larry Sarner and Linda Rosa, are leaders of the advocacy group Advocates for Children in Therapy.

JAMA
JAMA (The Journal of the American Medical Association) is a peer-reviewed medical journal published 48 times a year by the American Medical Association. It publishes original research, reviews, and editorials covering all aspects of biomedicine. The journal was established in 1883 with Nathan Smith Davis as the founding editor. Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California, San Francisco became the journal editor-in-chief on July 1, 2022, succeeding Howard Bauchner of Boston University.

According to Journal Citation Reports, the journal's 2024 impact factor is 55.0, ranking it 4th out of 332 journals in the category "Medicine, General & Internal".
Iversity
Iversity (stylised as "iversity") is a Berlin-based online education platform. Since October 2013, iversity has specialised in providing online courses and lectures in higher education, specifically MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses). Courses are free and open for anyone to enroll and participate. Many of them are conducted in English or German, but also in other languages. iversity cooperates with individual professors as well as different European universities. Some of the courses were winners of the MOOC Production Fellowship held in early 2013. iversity.org officially launched the MOOC platform online in October 2013 and as of February 2015 has a user base of 600,000 online learners, enrolled in 63 courses offered by 41 partner universities. iversity is the only MOOC platform offering courses with ECTS-integration. iversity has branch offices in Bernau bei Berlin, Germany and Berlin.

Massive open online course
A massive open online course (MOOC /muːk/) or an open online course is an online course aimed at unlimited participation and open access via the Web. In addition to traditional course materials, such as filmed lectures, readings, and problem sets, many MOOCs provide interactive courses with user forums or social media discussions to support community interactions among students, professors, and teaching assistants (TAs), as well as immediate feedback to quick quizzes and assignments. MOOCs are a widely researched development in distance education, first introduced in 2008, that emerged as a popular mode of learning in 2012.

Early MOOCs (cMOOCs: Connectivist MOOCs) often emphasized open-access features, such as open licensing of content, structure and learning goals, to promote the reuse and remixing of resources.  Some later MOOCs (xMOOCs: extended MOOCs) use closed licenses for their course materials while maintaining free access for students.
Anatoliy Shapiro
Anatoliy Pavlovych Shapiro (January 18, 1913 – October 8, 2005) was a Soviet Jewish soldier of the Army of the Soviet Union, who led the first elements of the advancing army into the Nazi-developed Auschwitz concentration camp in Poland, during the latter stages of World War II. He was awarded two Orders of the Red Star; two Orders of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree, for the Liberation of Kraków; the Order of the Patriotic War of the 2nd degree, and numerous other medals.

Order of the Patriotic War
The Order of the Patriotic War (Russian: Орден Отечественной войны, romanized: Orden Otechestvennoy voiny) is a Soviet military decoration that was awarded to all soldiers in the Soviet armed forces, security troops, and to partisans for heroic deeds in the Eastern Front of World War II. After the beginning of the German Operation Barbarossa, the Soviet Government applied the term "Great Patriotic War" to the war.
Epimorphosis
Epimorphosis is defined as the regeneration of a specific part of an organism in a way that involves extensive cell proliferation of somatic stem cells, dedifferentiation, and reformation, as well as blastema formation. Epimorphosis can be considered a simple model for development, though it only occurs in tissues surrounding the site of injury rather than occurring system-wide. Epimorphosis restores the anatomy of the organism and the original polarity that existed before the destruction of the tissue and/or a structure of the organism. Epimorphosis regeneration can be observed in both vertebrates and invertebrates such as the common examples: salamanders, annelids, and planarians.

Cell potency
Cell potency is a cell's ability to differentiate into other cell types.
The more cell types a cell can differentiate into, the greater its potency. Potency is also described as the gene activation potential within a cell, which like a continuum, begins with totipotency to designate a cell with the most differentiation potential, pluripotency, multipotency, oligopotency, and finally unipotency.
William Perez
William David "Bill" Perez (born September 10, 1947) is an American businessman who was the chief executive officer of Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company. He had earlier served in a similar capacity at Nike, Inc. Prior to that, Perez had risen to become the chief executive officer at S. C. Johnson & Son.

Wrigley Company
Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company, also known as the Wrigley Company or simply Wrigley's, is an American multinational candy and chewing gum company, based in the Global Innovation Center (GIC) in Goose Island, Chicago, Illinois. Founded in 1891, it is currently the largest manufacturer and marketer of chewing gum in the world.

For almost a century, the Wrigley Company continuously marketed three brands of gum: Wrigley's Spearmint, Doublemint, and Juicy Fruit. Since the late 20th century, it has expanded and created multiple more brands. Wrigley's became a subsidiary of Mars Inc. in 2008, and, along with Mars chocolate bars and other candy products, makes up "Mars Wrigley Confectionery".

The company currently sells its products in over 180 countries and districts, operates in over 50 countries, and has 21 production facilities in 14 countries.
Campana (restaurant)
Campana is an Italian restaurant in Portland, Oregon's Woodlawn neighborhood, in the United States. Chef-owner George Kaden and co-owner Annalisa Maceda started Campana in 2018, initially as a series of pasta nights that became a pop-up restaurant at Grand Army Tavern, which the duo opened together in 2017. Plans for Campana to take over the Grand Army Tavern space were exacerbated by the arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020.

Campana's menu includes cacciatore, comfort food such as spaghetti and meatballs, cavatelli in pork ragu, polenta, puttanesca, panna cotta, and other Italian dishes. The restaurant has hosted special dinners for holidays like Feast of the Seven Fishes and Thanksgiving, and has garnered a positive reception.

Panna cotta
Panna cotta (Italian: [ˈpanna ˈkɔtta]; Piedmontese: panera cheuita, pronounced [paˈnera ˈkøjta]; lit. 'cooked cream') is an Italian dessert of sweetened cream thickened with gelatin and moulded. It may be flavoured with coffee, vanilla, or other flavours.
Jackie Tabick
Jacqueline Hazel "Jackie" Tabick (née Acker; born 1948) is a British Reform rabbi. She became Britain's first female rabbi in 1975. She retired in 2023 as convenor of the Movement for Reform Judaism's Beit Din, the first woman in the role, and until its closure in 2022 was also Rabbi of West Central Liberal Synagogue in Bloomsbury, central London.

Beth din
A beth din (Hebrew: בֵּית דִּין, romanized: Bēṯ Dīn, Beit Din, lit. 'house of judgment', [beːθ ˈdiːn], Ashkenazic: beis din, plural: batei din) is a rabbinical court of Judaism. A hearing held before a beth din is called a din Torah (Hebrew: דין תורה, romanized: din Torah, lit. 'Torah law', plural dinei Torah). A beth din can be found both in Israel and in many Jewish diaspora communities.

A ruling (Hebrew: פסק, romanized: psak) from a beth din is based upon Jewish law (Hebrew: הלכה, romanized: halakha), though other legal systems are occasionally incorporated. Because it is not part of secular legal systems, when a case overlaps with secular courts its judgment is not always recognized by such courts.
Lilith Fair: Building a Mystery
Lilith Fair: Building a Mystery is a 2025 documentary film directed by Ally Pankiw. It follows the Lilith Fair, a music festival founded by Sarah McLachlan, which focused on female solo musicians and female-led bands. Dan Levy serves as a producer under his Not a Real Production company banner.

The documentary premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 13, 2025, broadcast on CBC in Canada on September 17, 2025, and was released in the United States on September 21, 2025, by ABC News Studios and Hulu.

ABC News Studios
ABC News Studios is a non-fiction division of ABC News that is part of Disney Entertainment Television, itself a division of The Walt Disney Company. The studio produces and commissions feature length documentaries, docu-series and specials for Disney owned streaming services and networks.