hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Proth prime
A Proth number is a natural number N of the form  where k and n are positive integers, k is odd and . A Proth prime is a Proth number that is prime. They are named after the French mathematician François Proth. The first few Proth primes are

3, 5, 13, 17, 41, 97, 113, 193, 241, 257, 353, 449, 577, 641, 673, 769, 929, 1153, 1217, 1409, 1601, 2113, 2689, 2753, 3137, 3329, 3457, 4481, 4993, 6529, 7297, 7681, 7937, 9473, 9601, 9857 (OEIS: A080076).

It is still an open question whether an infinite number of Proth primes exist. It was shown in 2022 that the reciprocal sum of Proth primes converges to a real number near 0.747392479, substantially less than the value of 1.093322456 for the reciprocal sum of Proth numbers.

The primality of Proth numbers can be tested more easily than many other numbers of similar magnitude.

On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences
The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences (OEIS) is an online database of integer sequences. It was created and maintained by Neil Sloane while researching at AT&T Labs. He transferred the intellectual property and hosting of the OEIS to the OEIS Foundation in 2009, and is its chairman.

OEIS records information on integer sequences of interest to both professional and amateur mathematicians, and is widely cited. As of November 2025, it contains over 390,000 sequences, and is growing by approximately 30 entries per day.

Each entry contains the leading terms of the sequence, keywords, mathematical motivations, literature links, and more, including the option to generate a graph or play a musical representation of the sequence. The database is searchable by keyword, by subsequence, or by any of 16 fields. There is also an advanced search function called SuperSeeker which runs a large number of different algorithms to identify sequences related to the input.
Indiana State Road 431
State Road 431 was a state road connecting U.S. Route 31 with Interstate 465 at Exit 33. It passed through the Indianapolis suburb of Carmel, allowing traffic on U.S. 31 north of Carmel a shorter route to I-465 and the east side of Indianapolis.  Until the 1990s, the SR 431 designation extended south of I-465 to 86th Street. Prior to that, it also continued south along N. Keystone Avenue to State Road 37 at Fall Creek Parkway, North Drive in Indianapolis. A second section of SR 431 followed the old route of U.S. 31 between Greenwood and the south side of Indianapolis.

Greenwood, Indiana
Greenwood is a city in Johnson County, Indiana, United States. The population was 63,830 at the 2020 Census. Greenwood is located southeast of central Indianapolis between Interstate 65 and Interstate 69. It is the most populous suburban municipality in the southern portion of the Indianapolis Metropolitan Area.
N1 road (Ghana)
The N1 or National Highway 1 is a national highway in Ghana that begins at the border with Ivory Coast at Elubo and runs through Sekondi-Takoradi, Cape Coast, Winneba, Accra and Tema to the border with Togo at Aflao. It is the main highway along the coast of the country, with a total distance of 540 kilometers (335.5 miles). The route runs through the Western, Central, Greater Accra and Volta regions of Ghana.

The route, which forms part of the Trans-African Highway network (Route 7), links the A100 road in Ivory Coast to the N2 in Togo, completing the stretch of the Dakar - Lagos route.

Winneba
Winneba is a town and the capital of Effutu Municipal District in Central Region of South Ghana. Winneba has a population of 60331. Winneba, traditionally known as Simpa, is a historic fishing port in south Ghana, lying on the south coast, 140 kilometres (90 mi) east of Cape Coast. The current member of parliament is Alexander Kwamina Afenyo-Markin.
Sloan D. Gibson
Sloan Duncan Gibson IV (born 1952/1953) is the former United States Deputy Secretary of Veterans Affairs. Gibson was confirmed as the Deputy Secretary of Veterans Affairs by the United States Senate on February 11, 2014,  replacing former Deputy Secretary W. Scott Gould who resigned on May 17, 2013. He became the acting Secretary of Veterans Affairs after Secretary Eric Shinseki resigned on May 30, 2014. Gibson held the acting secretary and deputy secretary positions concurrently until Robert McDonald was sworn in as the Secretary of Veterans Affairs on July 30, 2014.

Eric Shinseki
Eric Ken Shinseki (/ʃɪnˈsɛki/; Japanese: 新関 健, romanized: Shinseki Ken, born 28 November 1942) is a retired United States Army general who served as the seventh United States secretary of veterans affairs from 2009 to 2014 and as the 34th chief of staff of the Army from 1999 to 2003. Shinseki is a veteran of two tours of combat in the Vietnam War, in which he was awarded three Bronze Star Medals for valor and two Purple Hearts. He was the first Asian-American four-star general, and the first Asian-American Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
Kurumba people (West Africa)
Kurumba people, also known as the Nioniosi, reside along the borders of Burkina Faso and Mali. Despite the prevalence of Islam among the Kurumba today, they maintain a fairly rich history of African religious and cultural practices rooted in their pre-Islamic experiences. Historically, the Kurumba migrated from the region currently inhabited by the Dogon people. Similar to the Dogon and their neighbors, the Bamana, the Kurumba are organized into clans and hold strong ancestral ties to their traditions. They speak the Koromfe language.

Their artistic reputation which are worn during funeral ceremonies and are believed to represent the soul of the deceased.

Dogon people
The Dogon are an ethnic group indigenous to the central plateau region of Mali, in West Africa, south of the Niger bend, near the city of Bandiagara, and in Burkina Faso. The population numbers between 400,000 and 800,000. They speak the Dogon languages, which are considered to constitute an independent branch of the Niger–Congo language family, meaning that they are not closely related to any other languages.

The Dogon are best known for their religious traditions, their mask dances, wooden sculpture, and their architecture. Since the twentieth century, there have been significant changes in the social organisation, material culture and beliefs of the Dogon, in part because Dogon country is one of Mali's major tourist attractions.
Anna M. Sargsyan
Anna M. Sargsyan (Armenian: Աննա Մ. Սարգսյան; born 10 April 2001) is an Armenian-American chess player. She received the FIDE title of International Master (IM) in 2021 and is a European Women's Team Chess Championship individual gold medal winner (2019).

European Team Chess Championship
The European Team Championship (often abbreviated in texts and games databases as ETC) is an international team chess event, eligible for the participation of European nations whose chess federations are located in zones 1.1 to 1.9. This more or less accords with the wider definition of Europe used in other events such as the Eurovision Song Contest and includes Israel, Russia and the former Soviet States. The competition is run under the auspices of the European Chess Union (ECU).
Macauley Hallett
Macauley Hallett (born 27 November 1995) is an English rugby league footballer who plays as wing, centre for Midlands Hurricanes in the RFL League 1.
He has played at club level for West Hull A.R.L.F.C. (Juniors), Norland Sharks ARLFC (in Hessle, East Riding of Yorkshire, of the Yorkshire Men's League), Hull Kingston Rovers, Newcastle Thunder (loan), Swinton Lions, Batley Bulldogs, Dewsbury Rams and Keighley Cougars, as a wing or centre.

Swinton Lions
The Swinton Lions are a professional rugby league club based in Swinton, Greater Manchester, England, which competes in the RFL Championship. The club has won the Championship six times and three Challenge Cups. Before 1996, the club was known simply as Swinton RLFC.
Oddo–Harkins rule
The Oddo–Harkins rule holds that an element with an even atomic number is more abundant than the elements with immediately adjacent atomic numbers. For example, carbon, with atomic number 6, is more abundant than boron (5) and nitrogen (7). Generally, the relative abundance of an even atomic numbered element is roughly two orders of magnitude greater than the relative abundances of the immediately adjacent odd atomic numbered elements to either side.  This pattern was first reported by Giuseppe Oddo in 1914 and William Draper Harkins in 1917. The Oddo–Harkins rule is true for all elements beginning with carbon produced by stellar nucleosynthesis but not true for the lightest elements below carbon produced by big bang nucleosynthesis and cosmic ray spallation.

Cosmic ray spallation
Cosmic ray spallation, also known as the x-process, is a set of naturally occurring nuclear reactions causing nucleosynthesis; it refers to the formation of chemical elements from the impact of cosmic rays on an object. Cosmic rays are highly energetic charged particles from beyond Earth, ranging from protons, alpha particles, and nuclei of many heavier elements. About 1% of cosmic rays also consist of free electrons.

Cosmic rays cause spallation when a ray particle (e.g. a proton) impacts with matter, including other cosmic rays. The result of the collision is the expulsion of particles (protons, neutrons, and alpha particles) from the object hit.  This process goes on not only in deep space, but in Earth's upper atmosphere and crustal surface (typically the upper ten meters) due to the ongoing impact of cosmic rays.
Thorne (Old) railway station
Thorne (Old) railway station was the second railway station built by the South Yorkshire Railway to serve the town of Thorne, South Yorkshire, England. It was situated near the town centre on the first stage of the canal-side line to Keadby, which was opened in September 1859. The new line left the original South Yorkshire Railway just before arriving at Thorne Waterside taking a right-handed junction towards the town centre. When the line opened this station was the terminus of the line.

The canalside line fell out of use after new 'straightened' lines were opened in 1864, with a new station Thorne South about a third of a mile to the south. Another station Thorne North opened, to the north of the town centre, with the line to Hull in 1869.

Thorne South railway station
Thorne South railway station is one of two stations serving the market town of Thorne in South Yorkshire, England. The station is 9.75 miles (16 km) north of Doncaster on the South Humberside Main Line. It is unstaffed, and the only passenger facilities are standard shelters on each platform.

The station was more substantial until the mid-1970s, with the westbound platform being an island, a subway linking the platforms and wooden buildings and canopies on each side (the platforms were also located slightly further east than now). There was also a signal box - this was abolished when the line was resignalled in the early 1980s.

The other station in the town is Thorne North, which is served by trains towards Hull.
Michael Trulsen
Michael Trulsen (born 28 December 1989) is a Norwegian footballer who plays as a forward for Lisleby.

He started his senior career in Fredrikstad, appearing eight times in the Norwegian Premier League of 2008 and 2009. In 2010, he went on to neighbors Sarpsborg 08, who won promotion, and in 2011 he played seven first-tier games for them. He joined Nybergsund in mid-season.

After the 2011 season he joined Østsiden IL in his hometown, but retired already in August 2012. He later made a comeback for lower-tier Lisleby.

Lisleby FK
Lisleby Fotballklubb is a multi-sports club from Fredrikstad, Norway. The team plays football and athletics at Lisleby Stadion.

The club was founded as an association football club on 8 May 1920. Two years later, the club expanded with athletics, wrestling and boxing. From 1924, speed skating was also introduced. Wrestling was abandoned in 1927 and boxing in 1935. A handball team was established in 1949. In 1966, the football team played in the 1. divisjon, the top tier in Norwegian football.
MIDI Show Control
MIDI Show Control (MSC), is a real-time System Exclusive extension of the international Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) standard. MSC enables all types of entertainment equipment to communicate with each other through the process of show control.

The MIDI Show Control protocol is a technical standard ratified by the MIDI Manufacturers Association in 1991 which allows entertainment control devices to talk with each other and with computers to perform show control functions in live and prerecorded entertainment applications. Just like musical MIDI, MSC does not transmit the actual show media - it simply transmits digital information about a multimedia performance.

MIDI Manufacturers Association
The MIDI Manufacturers Association (MMA) is a non-profit trade organization where companies work together to create MIDI standards that assure compatibility among MIDI products. The MMA is a U.S. organization established in 1985 by the original developers of the MIDI 1.0 Specification in 1983. Since 1985 the MMA has produced 11 new specifications and adopted 38 sets of enhancements to MIDI.
Lloyd Williams (rugby union, born 1989)
Lloyd Williams (born 30 November 1989) is a Wales international rugby union player. A scrum-half, he plays club rugby for the Worcester Warriors. He attended Cowbridge Comprehensive School and Ysgol Gyfun Bro Morgannwg and he is a fluent Welsh speaker.

Worcester Warriors
Worcester Warriors is a professional rugby union club based in Worcester, England. The side most recently played in Premiership Rugby, the top division of English rugby union, before being suspended by the RFU in September 2022 due to financial insolvency. Following a period of administration, the club was reformed as a new entity and will play in Champ Rugby from the 2025–26 season.
Rony Azar
Rony Charbel Azar (Arabic: روني شربل عازار; born 20 February 1983) is a Lebanese professional footballer who plays as a forward.

Coming through the youth system, Azar began his career at Nejmet Sahra, helping them win the Lebanese Third Division in 2002–03 and gain promotion to the Lebanese Second Division. In 2005 Azar moved to Safa in the Lebanese Premier League, staying there 10 seasons. During his stay, he helped Safa win multiple cups, most notably the club's first two league titles. He was also runner-up at the 2008 AFC Cup. Azar moved on a two-year loan to Tripoli, before joining Racing Beirut in 2018. He returned to Safa in summer 2021.

Azar played for the Lebanon national under-23 team between 2003 and 2004, during the 2004 Summer Olympics qualifiers. He also represented the senior side in 2004 at the 2006 FIFA World Cup qualification, playing three games.

Safa SC
Safa Sporting Club (Arabic: نادي الصفاء الرياضي, lit. 'The Purity Sporting Club') is a football club based in Wata El Msaytbeh, a district of Beirut, Lebanon. Competing in the Lebanese Premier League, the club was founded in 1939 and have since won three league titles, three domestic cups, one Super Cup, and two Elite Cups. Safa also finished runners-up in the 2008 AFC Cup.

Safa is primarily supported by the Druze community, and maintains a strong fanbase throughout Mount Lebanon. As Akhaa Ahli Aley is also based in the Mount Lebanon region, specifically in Aley, matches between the two clubs are referred to as the "Mountain derby" due to their shared regional support.
Xu Xin (footballer)
Xu Xin (Chinese: 徐新; pinyin: Xú Xīn; Mandarin pronunciation: [ɕy̌ ɕín]; born 19 April 1994) is a Chinese professional footballer who currently plays as a defensive midfielder for Yunnan Yukun and China national team.

Yunnan Yukun F.C.
Yunnan Yukun Football Club (Chinese: 云南玉昆足球俱乐部; pinyin: Yúnnán Yùkūn Zúqiú Jùlèbù) is a Chinese professional football club based in Yuxi, Yunnan, that competes in the Chinese Super League, the top tier of Chinese football. Yunnan Yukun plays its home matches at the Yuxi Plateau Sports Center Stadium, located within Hongta District.

Founded in 2021 as Yunnan Yukun Steel Football Club, the club briefly changed their name to Yuxi Yukun Steel Football Club in 2022 before settling with their current name in 2023. The club gained three successive promotions, going from the fourth-tier of Chinese football to the top-flight between 2022 and 2024. With their promotion to the Chinese Super League in 2024, they became the first club from Yunnan to play in the CSL since its inception in 2004, and became the first club from Yunnan to play in the Chinese top-flight since Yunnan Hongta twenty-one years prior.
2013 Polish Basketball Supercup
2013 Polish Basketball Supercup was a basketball game marking the start of the 2013/2014 basketball season in Poland, in which the Polish champion team from the 2012/2013 season (Stelmet Zielona Góra) played against the Polish Cup winner from the same season (Trefl Sopot). The match, held on 9 October 2013, at CRS Hall Zielona Góra, ended with Trefl winning 76:71. The MVP was Lithuanian Šarūnas Vasiliauskas. The title sponsor of the game was Tauron Polska, and it was broadcast on the Polsat Sport News TV channel.

Trefl Sopot
Trefl Sopot is a Polish professional basketball team, based in Sopot, Poland. The team plays in the Polish Basketball League and EuroCup. The club was founded as the replacement of Prokom Asseco Sopot that left the city of Sopot for Gdynia in 2009.
Dominic Presentation
Dominic Presentation (born 19 February 1949) is an Indian politician, and was Member of Kerala Legislative Assembly from Kochi constituency  Ernakulam district, Kerala, till 2016, Executive Member of Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee (K.P.C.C.) and Member of All India Congress Committee (AICC). He was the Minister of Fisheries, Sports, Airport and Welfare of Minorities in 11th Kerala Legislative Assembly headed by Oomman Chandy.

All India Congress Committee
The All India Congress Committee (AICC) is the presidium or the central decision-making assembly of the Indian National Congress. It is composed of members elected from state-level Pradesh Congress Committees and can have as many as a thousand members. It is the AICC that elects members of the Congress Working Committee and the Congress President, who is also the head of the AICC.

The organisational executives of the AICC are several general-secretaries selected by the Congress President and the members of the Congress Working Committee. AICC is responsible for decision-making and policy formulation for the party at the national level. It also sets the party's agenda and strategies for national and state-level elections.
Sivasakthi (TV series)
Sivasakthi is a 2008 Indian Tamil-language soap opera starring Shamitha, Renuka, Sabitha Anand, Viswanath, Shreekumar, Sanjeev, Saakshi Siva, and Poovilangu Mohan. It replaced Lakshmi and it was broadcast on Sun TV on Monday to Friday from 16 June 2008 to 18 December 2009 at 22:00 (IST) for 385 episodes. It was produced by Home Movie Makers Sujatha Vijakumar, director by Balaji Yadav. Shamitha, who plays the lead role, made her Tamil-language debut with the series. Co-actors Shreekumar and Shamitha were revealed to be married.

Poovilangu Mohan
Poovilangu Mohan is an Indian film and television actor. He got the sobriquet "Poovilangu" because of his performance in the Tamil film Poovilangu. He has acted in more than 100 movies in supporting roles and played leading parts in many Television serials.
Swimming at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's 400-metre individual medley
The men's 400 metre individual medley event at the 2024 Summer Olympics was held on 28 July 2024 at Paris La Défense Arena, which was converted to a swimming pool for the swimming events.

The world record holder Léon Marchand of France was considered the most likely to win the event. He qualified for the finals with the fastest qualification time, while the US' defending Olympic champion Chase Kalisz and Australia's defending Olympic bronze medallist Brendon Smith both failed to qualify for the finals. In the first round, Germany's Cedric Büssing swam a time of 4:11.52 to break his country's national record.

In the finals, Marchand led the race from beginning to end, finishing with a new Olympic record of 4:02.95, winning his first Olympic medal. Japanese swimmer Tomoyuki Matsushita won silver with 4:08.62 and the US' Carson Foster won bronze with 4:08.66. Great Britain's Max Litchfield finished fourth with a new national record of 4:08.85.

Brendon Smith
Brendon Smith (born 4 July 2000) is an Australian swimmer. He won the bronze medal in the 400 metre individual medley at the 2020 Summer Olympics and has competed in the Summer Universiade and the 2021 Australian Swimming Trials. Smith and Rob Woodhouse are the only Australian men to have won an Olympic medal in an individual medley event.
Bob Mionske
Robert ("Bob") Charles Mionske (born August 26, 1962) is a two-time U.S. Olympic racing cyclist (1988 and 1992) and U.S. National Champion (1990).  In the 1988 Summer Olympics, held in Seoul, South Korea, he placed fourth in the Individual Road Race.  He retired from professional cycling in 1993 and is now an attorney based in Portland, Oregon, with a practice in bicycle law. He wrote Legally Speaking, a national column on bicycle law, between 2002 and 2009, and has also written Bicycling & the Law: Your Rights as a Cyclist, a book on bicycle law published in August 2007. Mionske has written his Legally Speaking column on bicycle law for VeloNews and his Road Rights column on bicycle law for Bicycling Magazine. In February 2015, Mionske returned to writing his Legally Speaking column at VeloNews.

Bicycle law
Bicycle law is the parts of law that apply to the riding of bicycles.

Bicycle law varies from country to country, but in general, cyclists' right to the road has been enshrined in international law since 1968, with the accession of the Vienna Convention on Road Traffic. Under that treaty, bicycles have the legal status of vehicles, and cyclists enjoy the legal status of vehicle operators. There are over 150 contracting parties to the treaty, including the United States, Canada, Mexico, the United Kingdom, Ireland, almost all of Europe, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and China. In countries that are contracting parties, the treaty has the force of law, and its provisions have been incorporated into national law.

The position of British cyclists was first established by the Local Government Act in August, 1888. It removed the right of local councils to treat cyclists among the "nuisances" it could ban and defined them as "carriages"."
Makoto Raiku
Makoto Kawada (河田 誠, Kawada Makoto; born 23 August 1974 in Gifu, Japan), known by the pen name Makoto Raiku (雷句誠, Raiku Makoto), is a manga artist known for creating the Zatch Bell! franchise.  Starting off an assistant for Kazuhiro Fujita on his manga Ushio & Tora, he began creating several one-shots for the Weekly Shōnen Sunday shōnen manga anthology such as Bird Man (about a young pilot), Hero Ba-Ban (about a cheerful, but weak superhero) and Genmai Blade (about a teenage medicinal exorcist, of which he created both a one-shot and a two-part story).  By 1999, he had created the series Newtown Heroes, which was published in Shōnen Sunday Super, a seasonal publication featuring upcoming manga artists and one-shots from the main Sunday book.

Weekly Shōnen Sunday
Weekly Shōnen Sunday (Japanese: 週刊少年サンデー, Hepburn: Shūkan Shōnen Sandē) is a weekly shōnen manga magazine published in Japan by Shogakukan since March 1959. Contrary to its title, Weekly Shōnen Sunday issues are released on Wednesdays. Weekly Shōnen Sunday has sold over 1.8 billion copies since 1986, making it the fourth best selling manga magazine, only behind Weekly Shōnen Jump, Weekly Shōnen Magazine and Weekly Young Jump.