hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Know Your Place
"Know Your Place" is the ninth episode of the fourth season of the HBO original series The Wire. Written by Kia Corthron from a story by Ed Burns & Kia Corthron, and directed by Alex Zakrzewski, it originally aired on November 12, 2006.

The Wire season 4
The fourth season of the television series The Wire commenced airing in the United States on September 10, 2006, concluded on December 10, 2006, and contained 13 episodes. It introduces Baltimore's school system and several middle school students while continuing to examine the remnants of the Barksdale Organization, the ascendant Stanfield Organization, the Baltimore Police Department and politicians.

The fourth season aired on Sundays at 10:00 pm ET in the United States. The season was released on DVD as a four-disc boxed set under the title of The Wire: The Complete Fourth Season on December 4, 2007 by HBO Video.
2023 Brawo Open
The 2023 Brawo Open was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 29th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2023 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Braunschweig, Germany between 10 and 15 July 2023.

Brawo Open
The Brawo Open (formerly known as the Nord/LB Open until 2010 and the Sparkassen Open until 2021) is a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor red clay courts. It is currently part of the ATP Challenger Tour. It is held annually at the Braunschweiger Tennis und Hockey Club in Braunschweig, Germany, since 1994 and it is the longest-running German Challenger and the ninth longest-running event on the Challenger Tour.

In 2005, 2014, 2015, and 2016 the tournament received the ATP Challenger of the Year award from the ATP.
Simit
Simit is a circular bread, typically encrusted with sesame seeds or, less commonly, poppy, flax or sunflower seeds, found across the cuisines of the former Ottoman Empire and the Middle East, especially in Armenia, Turkey and the Balkans. Simit's size, crunch, chewiness, and other characteristics vary slightly by region.

In İzmir, simit is known as gevrek ("crisp"), although it is very similar to the Istanbul variety. Simit in Ankara are smaller and crisper than those of other cities.

Obwarzanek krakowski
An obwarzanek krakowski (Polish pronunciation: [ɔbvaˈʐanɛk kraˈkɔfskʲi], plural: obwarzanki krakowskie [ɔbvaˈʐaŋkʲi kraˈkɔfskʲɛ]; also spelled obarzanek) is a braided ring-shaped bread that is boiled and sprinkled with salt and sesame or poppy seeds before being baked, similar to a bagel. It has a white, sweetish, moist and chewy crumb underneath a crunchy golden-brown crust. Traditionally sold from street carts, it is a popular snack in the Polish city of Kraków, where it has the status of a regional food with protected geographical indication. Similar to bagels and bubliks it is derived from pretzels.
Vaqaye-e Ettefaqiyeh
Vaqaye-e Ettefaqiyeh (Persian: وقایع اتفاقیه) was a weekly published newspaper in Qajar Iran. It was the second Persian-language newspaper in Iran and the third, after Kaghaz-e Akhbar and Zahriri de bohra, newspaper to be published in Iran.

Its first issue was published on 7 February 1851 on the orders of Amir Kabir and was printed by lithography.

Kaghaz-e Akhbar
Kaghaz-e Akhbar (Persian: کاغذ اخبار; lit. "paper of news") was a monthly newspaper published in Qajar Iran.

Publishing its first issue on 1 May 1837, it was the first newspaper to be published in Iran.

The newspaper's creation was ordered by Mohammad Shah Qajar and was directed by Mirza Saleh Shirazi in Tehran. It did not have a specific name and was a direct translation of the English word "newspaper" into Persian. The first issue included news such as the actions of the Shah, the defeating of the Turkmen Gokalan and Yomut tribes and forced migration of their women and children to the Iranian capital of Tehran.

Although the newspaper was published every month without an interruption for at least three years, only a few scattered copies remain, with only two copies held in the British library.
Microsoft Learn
Microsoft Learn is a library of technical documentation and training for end users, developers, and IT professionals who work with Microsoft products. Microsoft Learn was introduced in September 2018. In 2022, Microsoft Docs, the technical documentation library that had replaced MSDN and TechNet in 2016, was moved to Microsoft Learn.

Microsoft Azure
Microsoft Azure, sometimes stylized Azure, and formerly Windows Azure, is the cloud computing platform developed by Microsoft. It offers management, access and development of applications and services to individuals, companies, and governments through its global infrastructure. It also provides capabilities that are usually not included within other cloud platforms, including software as a service (SaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), and infrastructure as a service (IaaS). Microsoft Azure supports many programming languages, tools, and frameworks, including Microsoft-specific and third-party software and systems.

Azure was first introduced at the Professional Developers Conference (PDC) in October 2008 under the codename "Project Red Dog". It was officially launched as Windows Azure in February 2010 and later renamed to Microsoft Azure on March 25, 2014.
Kevin Kent
Kevin Joseph Kent (born 19 March 1965) is an English former professional football player and coach.

Kent began his career as a winger at West Bromwich Albion in 1983. The following year, he began playing regular football with Newport County. He then played for Mansfield Town over six years from 1985 to 1991. He then transferred to Port Vale, where he finished his career following five years. Over a 13-year professional career, he played 454 games, scoring 57 goals (claiming 45 goals in 379 appearances in the Football League). He won the Football League Trophy both with Mansfield (1987) and Port Vale (1993), and helped the "Stags" to win promotion out of the Fourth Division (1985–86) and the "Valiants" to win promotion out of the Second Division (1993–94).

1987 Associate Members' Cup final
The 1987 Associate Members' Cup Final, known as the Freight Rover Trophy for sponsorship reasons, was the 4th final of the domestic football cup competition for teams from the Third Division and Fourth Division. The final was played at Wembley Stadium, London on 24 May 1987, and was contested by Bristol City and Mansfield Town. With the score tied at 1–1 after extra time, Mansfield Town won the match in a penalty shootout.

The match was the first ever final at Wembley to be decided by a penalty shootout, and the trophy was Mansfield Town's first and last major honour in the club's history.
Sagay massacre
The Sagay massacre occurred when a group of gunmen shot and killed nine sugarcane farmers, including four women and two children, while they were eating dinner in a makeshift tent on a farm in Sagay, Negros Occidental, on October 20, 2018. The farmers were members of the National Federation of Sugar Workers (NFSW), and the massacre may have been motivated by ongoing conflicts over land reform in the Philippines.

The massacre was part of a series of killings carried out in the Negros provinces against labelled Communists and their sympathizers, and follows the similarly motivated Escalante massacre of 1985.

Sakadas
Sakadas (Spanish: sacadas; Kinaray-a: manga sakada; Ilocano: dagiti sakada; Hiligaynon: mga sakada; roughly "imported ones") is a term for migrant workers in and from the Philippines, doing manual agricultural labor. Within the Philippines, sakadas work in provinces other than their own. In the 20th century, Filipino men were imported by the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association to Hawaii as "skilled laborers" from 1906 to 1946 mainly from the Ilocos region of the Philippines.
Constitutional basis of taxation in Australia
The constitutional basis of taxation in Australia is predominantly found in sections 51(ii), 90, 53, 55, and 96, of the Constitution of Australia. Their interpretation by the High Court of Australia has been integral to the functioning and evolution of federalism in Australia.

The constitutional scheme as well as judicial interpretations have created a vertical fiscal imbalance, whereby the Commonwealth has the revenue-raising abilities while the States have major spending responsibilities. For example, primarily, Australian states fund schools and hospitals. The result of the limitations on state taxing power is that the Commonwealth collects the money through taxes, and distributes that money to states. The power to distribute funds to states, on conditions, is contained in section 96. As a result, the sphere of Commonwealth power has expanded through dictating policy through conditional grants. This limits the autonomy and power of the states in controlling policy.

Section 96 of the Constitution of Australia
Section 96 of the Constitution of Australia authorises the Australian (Commonwealth) Parliament to grant financial assistance to any state on the terms and conditions that it sees fit, subject to acceptance by the state(s) concerned. The expanded use of the power under section 96 has added to Australia's vertical fiscal imbalance and enabled the Commonwealth to have a significant influence over matters that would otherwise be constitutionally State responsibilities.
Ring-shaped seismicity structures
Ring-shaped seismicity structures are patterns in earthquake activity where their epicenters are distributed evenly to form a ring-like or elliptical shape. They are often associated with the preparatory process of a large earthquake by seismologists. Analysing these patterns can assist in forecasting the locations and magnitudes of future earthquakes. In most cases, these earthquakes involved are weak and they are evenly distributed on both sides of the ellipse.

Epicenter
The epicenter (/ˈɛpɪˌsɛntər/), epicentre, or epicentrum in seismology is the point on the Earth's surface directly above a hypocenter or focus, the point where an earthquake or an underground explosion originates.
Canterbury Region
Canterbury (Māori: Waitaha) is a region of New Zealand, located in the central-eastern South Island. The region covers an area of 44,503.88 square kilometres (17,183.04 sq mi), making it the largest region in the country by area. It is home to a population of 698,200 (June 2025).

The region in its current form was established in 1989 during nationwide local government reforms. The Kaikōura District joined the region in 1992 following the abolition of the Nelson-Marlborough Regional Council.

Christchurch, the South Island's largest city and the country's second-largest urban area, is the seat of the region and home to 58 percent of the region's population. Other major towns and cities include Timaru, Ashburton, Rangiora and Rolleston.

Regions of New Zealand
The regions of New Zealand are the administrative jurisdictions of the country's regional councils and unitary authorities; the country is divided into sixteen such areas. The councils derive their powers from the central government, as New Zealand is a unitary state rather than a federation.

Eleven are currently administered by regional councils, whilst the other five are administered by unitary authorities. Most of New Zealand's outlying Islands are not included within its regions, with the Solander Islands being the exception as they are within the Southland Region. The Chatham Islands are not within any region, having their own specially legislated territorial authority.
Black rot on orchids
Black rot on orchids is caused by Pythium and Phytophthora species. Black rot targets a variety of orchids but Cattleya orchids are especially susceptible. Pythium ultimum and Phytophthora cactorum are known to cause black rot in orchids.

Pythium ultimum is a pathogen that causes damping-off and root rot on plants. Symptoms of this pathogen include stunting and chlorosis. Identifying Pythium ultimum has traditionally been done by examining oogonia, antheridia, and sporangium structure. Now, PCR (polymerase chain reaction) technology can identify the pathogen using DNA fragments.

Phytophthora cactorum is a pathogen that causes root rot on many plant species. Symptoms of this pathogen include necrosis in the roots, chlorosis, and wilting. Phytophthora cactorum can be identified by examining oogonia, antheridium, oospore, and sporangia structure.

Pythium ultimum
Pythium ultimum is a plant pathogen.  It causes damping off and root rot diseases of hundreds of diverse plant hosts including maize, soybean, potato, wheat, fir, and many ornamental species. P. ultimum belongs to the peronosporalean lineage of oomycetes, along with other important plant pathogens such as Phytophthora spp. and many genera of downy mildews.  P. ultimum is a frequent inhabitant of fields, freshwater ponds, and decomposing vegetation in most areas of the world.  Contributing to the widespread distribution and persistence of P. ultimum is its ability to grow saprotrophically in soil and plant residue.  This trait is also exhibited by most Pythium spp. but not by the related Phytophthora spp., which can only colonize living plant hosts.
Jona von Ustinov
Jona Freiherr von Ustinov (Russian: Иона Платонович Устинов, romanized: Iona Platonovich Ustinov; 2 December 1892 – 1 December 1962), often known as Klop Ustinov (Клоп Устинов), was a German journalist and diplomat who worked for MI5 during the time of the Nazi regime. His father was the Russian-born emigre Baron Plato von Ustinov (1840–1918). His son was the actor Sir Peter Ustinov.

Kingdom of Württemberg
The Kingdom of Württemberg (German: Königreich Württemberg [ˌkøːnɪkʁaɪç ˈvʏʁtəmbɛʁk]) was a German state that existed from 1806 to 1918, located within the area that later became Baden-Württemberg. The kingdom was a continuation of the Electorate of Württemberg, which existed from 1803 to 1806.
2005 Newry and Mourne District Council election
Elections to Newry and Mourne District Council were held on 5 May 2005 on the same day as the other Northern Irish local government elections. The election used five district electoral areas to elect a total of 30 councillors.

2005 Northern Ireland local elections
Elections for local government were held in Northern Ireland on 5 May 2005, contesting 582 seats in all, along with the 2005 general election across the entire United Kingdom and local elections in England.
Campus of Virginia Tech
The main part of the campus of Virginia Tech is located in Blacksburg, Virginia; the central campus is roughly bordered by Prices Fork Road to the northwest, Plantation Road to the west, Main Street to the east, and U.S. Route 460 bypass to the south, although it also has several thousand acres beyond the central campus. The Virginia Tech campus consists of 130 buildings on approximately 2,600 acres (1,100 hectares). It was the site of the Draper's Meadow massacre in 1755 during the French and Indian War.

Robert Edward Femoyer
Robert Edward Femoyer (October 31, 1921 – November 2, 1944) is one of only eleven known Eagle Scouts to receive the Medal of Honor; the others are Aquilla J. Dyess, Eugene B. Fluckey, Thomas R. Norris, Arlo L. Olson, Mitchell Paige, Ben L. Salomon, Britt Slabinski, Leo K. Thorsness, Walter Joseph Marm Jr. and Jay Zeamer, Jr. He served in the U.S. Army Air Forces and is the only navigator awarded the Medal of Honor.
Enjoy Yourself Tonight
Enjoy Yourself Tonight or EYT is a popular variety show that was produced in British Hong Kong. It first aired on TVB Jade on 20 November 1967. The show lasted 27 years with its last broadcast on Friday, 7 October 1994. During the 1980s, it was compared with the American Saturday Night Live as one of the world's longest-running live-shows.

TVB Jade
TVB Jade (Chinese: 無綫電視翡翠台), or simply Jade, is a Hong Kong Cantonese-language free-to-air television channel owned and operated by Television Broadcasts Limited (TVB) as its flagship service, alongside its sister network, the English-language TVB Pearl. Broadcasting started on 19 November 1967. It is headquartered at TVB City at the Tseung Kwan O Industrial Estate in Tseung Kwan O, in the Sai Kung District. Primarily broadcasting entertainment programming, TVB Jade has historically been the most dominant television channel in the region in terms of viewership, with its closest competitor having been the now-defunct ATV Home.

Jade primarily broadcasts in the Cantonese language; it has also offered programs with alternative audio tracks in Mandarin, English, and other foreign languages. Some shows also offer subtitles in multiple languages.
Toro (Khamba Thoibi)
Toro (ꯇꯣꯔꯣ) is a woman from the Angom clan, living in the ancient Moirang kingdom. She appears in the Khamba Thoibi classical epic, which belongs to the Moirang Kangleirol genre of Meitei mythology and folklore.
She is the younger sister of Angom Nongban Kongyamba, a well-known national wrestling champion of the Moirang kingdom.

Meitei folklore
Meitei folklore is the folklore and mythology of the Meitei people of Manipur, India.

Such folklore is traditionally passed from generation to generation. Currently, the government of Manipur is planning to preserve the folklore of the Meitei people through primary education in government institutions.
2016 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection
This article lists potential candidates for the Democratic nomination for Vice President of the United States in the 2016 election. Former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, the 2016 Democratic nominee for President of the United States, chose Senator Tim Kaine of Virginia as her running mate. The formal nomination took place at the 2016 Democratic National Convention. The Clinton–Kaine ticket ultimately lost to the Trump–Pence ticket in the general election, and Kaine returned to the Senate following the campaign.

Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe
The Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) is the military headquarters of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization's (NATO) Allied Command Operations (ACO) that commands all NATO operations worldwide. SHAPE is situated in the village of Casteau, near Mons, Belgium.

ACO's and SHAPE's commander is titled Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR), and is always a U.S. four-star general officer or flag officer who also serves as Commander, U.S. European Command.

From 1951 to 2003, SHAPE was the headquarters of Allied Command Europe (ACE). Since 2003 SHAPE has been the headquarters of ACO, controlling NATO also outside Europe. Even though the geographical scope of its activities was extended, SHAPE retained its traditional name with reference to Europe.
Bundesstraße 22
Bundesstraße 22 (abbreviated to B 22) is a German federal highway that runs from Würzburg (branching off the B 8 near Rottendorf) in Lower Franconia, through the Upper Franconian cities of Bamberg and Bayreuth and the Upper Palatine town of Weiden, to Cham. The highway acts as a bypass for the Upper Franconian villages of Seybothenreuth and Speichersdorf as well as the Upper Palatine towns of Kemnath, Erbendorf, Oberviechtach and Rötz, running past Cham (Oberpfalz), where it joins the B 20 and B 85 highways.

Between Erbendorf and Cham the B 22 is part of the Bavarian Ostmark Road, that was completed in 1938.

Bundesstraße 85
The Bundesstraße 85 (abbr. B 85) runs southeast through Thuringia and Bavaria, from Kyffhäuser to Passau, near the Austrian border. B85 is approximately 500 kilometers (310 mi) long.

Cities and towns along Biểuchieu:
Berga (Kyffhäuser) – Bad Frankenhausen – Kölleda – Weimar – Rudolstadt – Saalfeld/Saale – Kronach – Kulmbach – Bayreuth – Pegnitz – Auerbach in der Oberpfalz – Sulzbach-Rosenberg – Amberg – Schwandorf – Roding – Cham – Viechtach – Regen – Schönberg (Lower Bavaria) – Passau

B85 is the successor to Reichsstraße R 85, which followed a similar route: Berga (Kyffhäuser) – Bayreuth – Vilseck – Amberg – Passau.
Hybrid material
Hybrid materials are composites consisting of two constituents at the nanometer or molecular level. Commonly one of these compounds is inorganic and the other one organic in nature. Thus, they differ from traditional composites where the constituents are at the macroscopic (micrometer to millimeter) level. Mixing at the microscopic scale leads to a more homogeneous material that either show characteristics in between the two original phases or even new properties.

Sol–gel process
In materials science, the sol–gel process is a method for producing solid materials from small molecules. The method is used for the fabrication of metal oxides, especially the oxides of silicon (Si) and titanium (Ti). The process involves conversion of monomers in solution into a colloidal solution (sol) that acts as the precursor for an integrated network (or gel) of either discrete particles or network polymers. Typical precursors are metal alkoxides. Sol–gel process is used to produce ceramic nanoparticles.
Hai Kun-class submarine
The Hai Kun-class submarine (Chinese: 海鯤級潛艦, translation "Narwhal"), alternatively known as the Indigenous Defense Submarine (IDS) program, is a class of attack submarines built by CSBC Corporation, Taiwan for the Republic of China Navy. While the Hai Kun class is thought to be based on the Dutch Zwaardvis class, which is currently operated by Taiwan, the design has been brought up to date by incorporating many new and more modern systems.

Attack submarine
An attack submarine or hunter-killer submarine is a submarine specifically designed for the purpose of attacking and sinking other submarines, surface combatants, and merchant vessels. In the Soviet and Russian navies they were and are called "multi-purpose submarines". They are also used to protect friendly surface combatants and missile submarines. Some attack subs are also armed with cruise missiles, increasing the scope of their potential missions to include land targets.

Attack submarines may be either nuclear-powered or diesel–electric ("conventionally") powered. In the U.S. Navy naming system, and in the equivalent NATO system (STANAG 1166), nuclear-powered attack submarines are known as SSNs and their anti-submarine (ASW) diesel–electric predecessors are SSKs. In the U.S. Navy, SSNs are unofficially called "fast attacks".
Trigonometric moment problem
In mathematics, the trigonometric moment problem is formulated as follows: given a sequence , does there exist a distribution function  on the interval  such that:

with  for . An affirmative answer to the problem means that   are the Fourier-Stieltjes coefficients for some (consequently positive) unique Radon measure  on  as distribution function.

In case the sequence is finite, i.e., , it is referred to as the truncated trigonometric moment problem.

Distribution function (measure theory)
In mathematics, in particular in measure theory, there are different notions of  distribution function and it is important to understand the context in which they are used (properties of functions, or properties of measures).

Distribution functions (in the sense of measure theory) are a generalization of distribution functions (in the sense of probability theory).
Eynesbury, Victoria
Eynesbury is a town in Victoria, Australia, 44 km (27 mi) west of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the Cities of Melton and Wyndham local government areas. Eynesbury recorded a population of 2,838 at the 2021 census.

City of Wyndham
The City of Wyndham is a local government area in Victoria, Australia in the outer south-western suburbs of Melbourne, within the Melbourne Metropolitan Area, between Melbourne and the regional city of Geelong. It has an area of 542 square kilometres (209 sq mi). The city had a population of 292,011 as of the 2021 census. For the year to 2018 the City of Wyndham increased its population by 14,251, the largest number of any LGA in Victoria, as well as being the second most populous and the second fastest growing at a rate of 5.9 per cent.