hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Operation PX
Operation PX (Japanese: PX作戦, romanized: PX Sakusen), also known as Operation Cherry Blossoms at Night (夜桜作戦 Yozakura Sakusen) was a planned Japanese military attack on civilians in the United States using biological weapons, devised during World War II. The proposal was for Imperial Japanese Navy submarines to launch seaplanes that would deliver weaponized bubonic plague, developed by Unit 731 of the Imperial Japanese Army, to the West Coast of the United States. The operation was abandoned shortly after its planning was finalized in March 1945 due to the strong opposition of General Yoshijirō Umezu, Chief of the Army General Staff.

Yoshijirō Umezu
Yoshijirō Umezu (梅津 美治郎, Umezu Yoshijirō) (January 4, 1882 – January 8, 1949) was a Japanese general in World War II and Chief of the Army General Staff during the final years of the conflict. He was convicted of war crimes and sentenced to life imprisonment.
The Myth of Disenchantment
The Myth of Disenchantment: Magic, Modernity, and the Birth of the Human Sciences is a 2017 book by Jason Josephson Storm, professor of religion at Williams College. The book challenges mainstream sociological conceptions of disenchantment on both empirical and theoretical grounds. In making this argument, The Myth of Disenchantment uses intellectual historical methods to reinterpret several theorists of disenchantment, including James George Frazer, Max Weber, and the Frankfurt School.

The Myth of Disenchantment received largely positive reviews in academic journals, and scholars in a variety of subfields of religious studies have drawn on its arguments. The book also attracted interest in semi-popular and amateur venues, with Storm discussing some of its central arguments in web articles and podcasts.

James George Frazer
Sir James George Frazer OM FRS FRSE FBA (/ˈfreɪzər/; 1 January 1854 – 7 May 1941) was a Scottish social anthropologist and folklorist influential in the early stages of the modern studies of mythology and comparative religion.
Frowin of Engelberg
Frowin of Engleberg (German: Frowin von Engelberg, died 27 March 1178) was a Swiss German Benedictine abbot. Though never formally beatified, Frowin was styled "Blessed" by some chroniclers. He was the second abbot of the Monastery of Engelberg in present-day Switzerland

Engelberg Abbey
Engelberg Abbey (German: Kloster Engelberg) is a Benedictine monastery in Engelberg, Canton of Obwalden, Switzerland. It was formerly in the Diocese of Constance, but is now in the Diocese of Chur. It is dedicated to Our Lady of the Angels and occupies a commanding position at the head of the Nidwalden Valley.
2021–22 Zamalek SC (basketball) season
2021–22 Zamalek SC is a season for Egyptian Basketball Super League, in which Zamalek competes for all tournaments, starting with the Egyptian Super Cup as the holder of the Super League title, and Basketball Africa League, along with the Super League for Basketball, the Associated League and the Egypt Basketball Cup

Egyptian Basketball Premier League
The Egyptian Basketball Premier League (Arabic: بطولة الدورى العام الممتاز (أ) رجال) is the top professional basketball division of the Egyptian basketball league system. Administered by the Egyptian Basketball Federation (EBBFED), it is contested by 16 teams, with the two lowest-placed teams relegated to the Egyptian Basketball Premier League B and replaced by the top two teams in that division.

A total of five clubs have been crowned champions of the Egyptian Basketball Super League since its inception in 1972, with Zamalek winning the title a record 15 times and Al Ittihad 14 times, though the Egyptian Basketball Super League also saw other champions, including Gezira (11 times), Al Ahly (8 times) and Sporting (3 times). The champions of each season qualify for the Basketball Africa League (BAL) regular season.
Diasemia grammalis
Diasemia grammalis, also known as the Arrowhead, is a moth of the family Crambidae. It is likely endemic to New Zealand and has been observed in both the North and South Islands. The species inhabits open dry herb field areas. Adults are day flying and are on the wing most commonly from October until March. Larvae feed on the ground the roots of native grasses and shrubs including Muehlenbeckia axillaris.

Muehlenbeckia axillaris
Muehlenbeckia axillaris (creeping wire vine, sprawling wire vine, matted lignum) is a low evergreen shrub, forming wiry mats up to about 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) in diameter, native to New Zealand, and the Australian states of Tasmania, New South Wales and Victoria. It has thin, red-brown stems, with glossy squarish to roundish leaves that are less than 1 cm (0.39 in) in diameter and 2–4 mm (0.079–0.157 in) thick. Flowers are inconspicuous, yellowish-white, 4–8 mm (0.16–0.31 in) in diameter, and borne in groups of up to three in the axils. The fruit is black, shiny, and up to 3.5 mm (0.14 in) long, produced in late summer to fall.

The plant is hardy, drought-tolerant, and quick-growing, thriving in a range of light conditions. It can be cultivated as a ground cover and grows well in rocky ground, as well as standard potting soil. Although it grows fastest in warm seasons, it tolerates freezing weather.
Tsinghua University School of Medicine
Tsinghua University School of Medicine, or Tsinghua Medicine, is a college directly under Tsinghua University. It was established in 2001 and its first dean was Wu Jieping.

Tsinghua University School of Medicine consists of five teaching and research institutions and operates four affiliated hospitals. It ranks among the top medical schools in China.

Wu Jieping
Wu Jieping (simplified Chinese: 吴阶平; traditional Chinese: 吳階平; pinyin: Wú Jiēpíng; 22 January 1917 – 2 March 2011) was a Chinese medical scientist and politician. Wu was the Chairman of Central Committee of Jiusan Society from 1992 to 2002, and a vice chairman of the National People's Congress Standing Committee between 1993 and 2003. Wu was a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and a fellow of the World Academy of Sciences.
Berezina
The Berezina or Byarezina (Belarusian: Бярэзіна, romanized: Biarezina, IPA: [bʲaˈrɛzʲinɐ]; Russian: Березина) is a river in Belarus and a right tributary of the Dnieper. The river starts in the Berezinsky Biosphere Reserve. The length of the Berezina is 613 kilometres (381 mi). The width of the river is 15–20 m, the maximum is 60 m. The banks are low (up to 0.5 m), steep in some areas (up to 1.5 m high), sandy, and the floodplain is swampy. The Berezina usually freezes over in the first half of December.

Its main tributaries are Bobr, Klyava, Ol'sa and Ala from the left and Hayna and Svislach from the right.  The Berezinsky Biosphere Reserve by the river is on the UNESCO list of biosphere reserves. Peat bogs cover 430 km2 and thus occupy a large part of the reserve. These open peat zones have remained virtually untouched and are among Europe's largest bogs.

Man and the Biosphere Programme
The Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB) is an intergovernmental scientific program, launched in 1970 by UNESCO, that aims to establish a scientific basis for the 'improvement of relationships' between people and their environments.

MAB engages with the international development agenda, especially the Sustainable Development Goals and the Post 2015 Development Agenda. The MAB programme provides a platform for cooperation in research and development. As of July 2024, 759 sites across 136 countries, including 22 transboundary sites, have been included in the World Network of Biosphere Reserves.  The reserves cover more than 5% of the world’s surface and are home to over 260 million people.
1980 Idaho Vandals football team
The 1980 Idaho Vandals football team represented the University of Idaho in the 1980 NCAA Division I-AA football season. The Vandals were led by third-year head coach Jerry Davitch and were members of the Big Sky Conference. They played their home games at the Kibbie Dome, an indoor facility on campus in Moscow, Idaho.

With freshman transfer quarterback Ken Hobart running the veer offense, the Vandals were 6–5 overall and 4–3 in the Big Sky to tie for second.  Idaho lost to rival Boise State for the fourth straight year. BSU won the Big Sky title in 1980 and competed in the four-team Division I-AA playoffs; the Broncos won the finals over defending champion Eastern Kentucky.

It was the first winning season for the Vandals since 1976 and only the fourth winning record for the football program in over four decades. In early October at 3–1, Idaho was ranked ninth in their first-ever appearance in a national Associated Press poll.

1980 NCAA Division I-AA football season
The 1980 NCAA Division I-AA football season, part of college football in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association at the Division I-AA level. The third season of I-AA football began in August 1980 and four teams were selected for the postseason, with the national semifinals played on December 13. The 1980 NCAA Division I-AA Football Championship Game was played in the Camellia Bowl on December 20 at Hughes Stadium in Sacramento, California.

In a game with multiple lead changes, the Boise State Broncos won their first (and only) I-AA championship, defeating the defending national champion Eastern Kentucky Colonels, 31−29. With less than a minute to play, the Broncos drove eighty yards for the winning touchdown, a 14-yard pass from quarterback Joe Aliotti to tight end Duane Dlouhy with twelve seconds remaining.
TRI-D (rocket engine)
TRI-D is a 3D printed metal rocket engine. Students from the Students for the Exploration and Development of Space at  University of California, San Diego (SEDS at UC San Diego) built the metal rocket engine using a technique previously confined to NASA, using a GPI Prototype and Manufacturing Services printer via the Direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) method. UCSD students were the first group in the world to 3D print a rocket engine of its size, other than NASA as of February 2014. The Tri-D engine cost US$6,800.

Selective laser sintering
Selective laser sintering (SLS) is an additive manufacturing (AM) technique that uses a laser as the power and heat source to sinter powdered material (typically nylon or polyamide), aiming the laser automatically at points in space defined by a 3D model, binding the material together to create a solid structure. It is similar to selective laser melting; the two are instantiations of the same concept but differ in technical details.  SLS (as well as the other mentioned AM techniques) is a relatively new technology that so far has mainly been used for rapid prototyping and for low-volume production of component parts. Production roles are expanding as the commercialization of AM technology improves.
HMS Thisbe (1917)
HMS Thisbe was an R-class destroyer which served in the Royal Navy during World War I. The R class were an improvement on the previous M class with geared steam turbines to improve efficiency. Built by Hawthorn Leslie and launched on 8 March 1917, the destroyer served as part of the Harwich Force. In 1918, the destroyer towed a flying boat on a lighter to take part in operations off the coast of Heligoland, although the aircraft failed to take off. After the war, the destroyer was placed in reserve. After being part of a naval review in front of George V in 1924, the destroyer participated in trials of different compasses with the Compass Department in 1925. The ship was sold to be broken up on 31 August 1936.

Fleet review
A fleet review or naval review is an event where a gathering of ships from a particular navy is paraded and reviewed by an incumbent head of state and/or other official civilian and military dignitaries. A number of national navies continue to hold fleet reviews. Fleet reviews may also include participants and warships from multiple navies.
2002 TD Waterhouse Cup – Doubles
At the 2002 TD Waterhouse Cup doubles, Jonathan Stark and Kevin Ullyett were the defending champions but only Ullyett competed that year with Robbie Koenig.

Koenig and Ullyett lost in the first round to Petr Pála and Pavel Vízner.

Mahesh Bhupathi and Mike Bryan won in the final 6–3, 6–4 against Pála and Vízner.

Mahesh Bhupathi
Mahesh Shrinivas Bhupathi (born 7 June 1974) is an Indian former doubles world No. 1 tennis player. In 1997, he became the first Indian to win a major tournament (with Rika Hiraki). With his win at the 2006 Australian Open mixed doubles, he joined the elite group of eight tennis players who have achieved a career Grand Slam in mixed doubles. He is also the founder of International Premier Tennis League. In December 2016, Bhupathi was appointed as India's next non-playing Davis Cup captain and took over the reins from Anand Amritraj in February 2017.
Mansura Isah
Mansura Isah is a Nigerian film actress and producer working in the Hausa film industry popularly known as Kannywood. She begin her acting career in the late 1990s and is regarded as the first female video editor in the Hausa cenema  industry. She married Sani Musa Danja, a Nigerian singer and actor. They were later divorced.

Sani Musa Danja
Sani Musa Abdullahi, known as Sani Danja or Danja (born 20 April 1973), is a Nigerian film actor, producer, director, singer, and dancer. He participates in both Kannywood and Nollywood. In April 2018 he was turbaned by the Etsu Nupe, Yahaya Abubaka, as Zakin Arewa. He has featured in numerous Nollywood blockbusters including Battle on Buka Street and Wives on Strike.
Ruscon
Ruscon is a Russian transportation and forwarding company, multimodal integrator within Delo Group. The company encompasses cargo transportation and logistics to various regions of Russia via key ports in Vladivostok, Novorossiysk, Nakhodka, St. Petersburg, and critical land border crossings. Notably, Ruscon has its own transport and terminal assets, with 6 terminals positioned across key Russian ports and regions. Has representative offices in Kazakhstan, China and the Netherlands.

Novorossiysk
Novorossiysk (Russian: Новоросси́йск, IPA: [nəvərɐˈsʲijsk] ⓘ; Adyghe: ЦӀэмэз, romanized: C̣ămăz) is a city in Krasnodar Krai, Russia. The port of Novorossiysk is one of the largest ports on the Black Sea. It is one of the cities designated as a Hero City by the Soviet Union. The population is 262,293 (2021 census);
Singing Americans
The Singing Americans were a Southern Gospel group based Asheville, NC, until 1980, then  in Maiden, North Carolina.  They brought about popular singers, such as Wayne Maynard (Kingsmen)Mark Flaker (Florida Boys) Ivan Parker (Gold City), Danny Funderburk (the Cathedrals), Clayton Inman (Kingdom Heirs, Won By One, and Triumphant Quartet), David Sutton (Kingdom Heirs and Triumphant Quartet), Michael English (Gaither Vocal Band), Mark Fain (Gold City and Ricky Skaggs & Kentucky Thunder), Taylor Barnes (Gold City), and Jeff Easter (Jeff and Sheri Easter). The group was popular throughout the late 70’s to early 1990s.

Cathedral Quartet
The Cathedral Quartet, also known as the Cathedrals, or the Cathedral Trio was an American southern gospel quartet who performed from 1964 to December 1999. The group's final lineup consisted of Glen Payne (lead), George Younce (bass), Ernie Haase (tenor), Scott Fowler (baritone and bass guitar), and Roger Bennett (piano and rhythm guitar).
This is Really Something
This is Really Something is a greatest hits album by Australian rock and pop band The Sports, released in August 1997.
The album was re-released in August 2004 under the title The Definitive Collection.

The Sports
The Sports were an Australian rock group which performed and recorded between 1976 and 1981. Mainstay members were Stephen Cummings on lead vocals and Robert Glover on bass guitar, with long-term members such as Paul Hitchins on drums, Andrew Pendlebury on lead guitar and vocals, and Martin Armiger on guitar. Their style was similar to both 1970s British pub rock bands (such as Brinsley Schwarz) and British new wave (such as Elvis Costello). The Sports' top forty singles are "Who Listens to the Radio", "Don't Throw Stones", "Strangers on a Train" and "How Come" . Their top 20 releases on the Australian Kent Music Report Albums Chart are Don't Throw Stones (February 1979), Suddenly (March 1980) and Sondra (May 1981).

In October 2010 Don't Throw Stones was listed in the book, 100 Best Australian Albums.
Spišská Stará Ves school stabbing
On 16 January 2025, a stabbing took place at a high school in Spišská Stará Ves, a small town in Slovakia near the border with Poland. A 18-year-old student fatally stabbed a teacher and a fellow student, with one other person injured. The culprit was arrested after the stabbing.

Attempted assassination of Robert Fico
On 15 May 2024, Prime Minister of Slovakia Robert Fico was shot and critically injured in the central Slovak town of Handlová, in front of its House of Culture after a government meeting. He was hospitalised and stabilised after emergency surgery. The perpetrator, 71-year-old Juraj Cintula, was detained by police at the scene. During interrogation, he stated that he acted primarily because of the Fico government's opposition to military assistance to Ukraine during the Russian invasion of Ukraine. On 21 October 2025, Cintula was convicted of a terrorist attack and sentenced by the Specialized Criminal Court to 21 years' imprisonment for the attack. This decision is not final and if Cintula appeals, it will be reviewed by the Supreme Court of the Slovak Republic.
Oakbrook Center
Oakbrook Center is a shopping center established in 1962 and located near Interstate 88 and Route 83 in Oak Brook, Illinois. It is the second largest shopping center in the Chicago metropolitan area by gross leasable area, only surpassed by Woodfield Mall in Schaumburg, Illinois. The mall has retail anchor tenants including Macy's, Nordstrom, and Neiman Marcus, and specialty retailers such as Apple, Lucid, Google, Altar'd State, Oak+Fort, Tory Burch, Allbirds, Arc'teryx, Golden Goose, Fabletics, Rhone, and Warby Parker.

Neiman Marcus
Neiman Marcus is an American upmarket department store chain founded in 1907 in Dallas, Texas by Herbert Marcus, his sister Carrie Marcus Neiman, and her husband Abraham Lincoln Neiman. The company is known for its luxury merchandise, including its annual offerings for the holiday season, inclusive of its Fantasy gifts. It was owned by the Neiman Marcus Group from 1987 to 2024, which also included Bergdorf Goodman and the clearance outlet Neiman Marcus Last Call, among others. In 2024 it was acquired by Saks Global. As of 2025 Neiman Marcus had 36 stores throughout the United States.
Mason Reese
Mason Reese (born April 11, 1965) is an American former child actor and restaurant entrepreneur who appeared in numerous television commercials in the 1970s, including Underwood Deviled Ham, Ivory Snow, Dunkin' Donuts, and Post Raisin Bran.

Dreft
Dreft is a laundry detergent in the United States, Canada, United Kingdom and other markets. First produced by Procter & Gamble in 1933, it was the first synthetic detergent. The Fairy brand of washing-up liquid and Cascade brand of dishwasher detergent are also sold under the name "Dreft" in some countries, including the Netherlands and Belgium. In Canada, the laundry detergent is sold under the brand name Ivory Snow.
Yoav Saffar
Yoav Saffar (Hebrew: יואב ספר; September 30, 1975) is an Israeli former basketball player. He played the power forward position.
 He was a member of the 2000 and 2001 Israeli Basketball Premier League Quintet.

Israeli Basketball Premier League Quintet
The Israeli Basketball Premier League Quintet, or Israeli Basketball Super League Quintet, is an award given to the 5 best players of each season of the Israeli Basketball Premier League, which is the top-tier level men's professional basketball league in Israel.
MS Melody
MS Melody was a cruise ship, formerly owned and operated by MSC Cruises. She was built in 1982 by the CNIM shipyard in La Seyne, France for Home Lines as Atlantic. Between 1988 and 1997 she sailed for Premier Cruise Line as StarShip Atlantic. In 1997, the vessel entered service for MSC Cruises as Melody. In 2009 she repelled a pirate attack off Seychelles. She ended her career as an accommodation ship Qing, during which she sank in storm at her berth, and was scrapped in 2019.

Home Lines
Home Lines was an Italian passenger shipping company that operated both ocean liners and cruise ships. The company was founded in 1946, and it ceased operations in 1988 when merged into Holland America Line. Although based in Genoa, Home Lines was an international company with ships registered in Panama, while the original company chairman Eugen Eugenides was Greek. By the time Home Lines was merged into Holland America, they were one of the most highly regarded cruise lines in the world.

Home Lines were connected to Cosulich Lines, Swedish American Line and Hamburg-America Line. Eugen Eugenides' adopted son Nicolaos Vernicos-Eugenides cofounded the Hamburg Atlantic Line in 1958, and he later was the CEO of both Home Lines and Hamburg Atlantic Line.
Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor
Ferdinand III (Ferdinand Ernest; 13 July 1608 – 2 April 1657) was Archduke of Austria, King of Hungary and Croatia from 1625, King of Bohemia from 1627 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1637 to his death.

Ferdinand ascended the throne at the beginning of the last decade of the Thirty Years' War and introduced lenient policies to depart from the old ideas of divine right held by his father, as he wished to end the war quickly. After military defeats and against a background of declining power, Ferdinand was compelled to abandon the political stances of his Habsburg predecessors in many respects to open the long road towards the much-delayed Peace of Westphalia. Although his authority as emperor was weakened after the war, his position in Bohemia, Hungary and Austria was stronger than that of his predecessors before 1618.

Ferdinand was the first Habsburg monarch to be recognised as a musical composer.

Archduke
Archduke (feminine: archduchess; German: Erzherzog, feminine form: Erzherzogin) was the title borne from 1358 by the Habsburg rulers of the Archduchy of Austria, and later by all senior members of that dynasty. It denotes a rank within the former Holy Roman Empire (962–1806), which was below that of emperor, and roughly equal to that of king, prince-(arch)bishop, and grand duke, but above that of sovereign prince and duke.

The territory ruled by an archduke or archduchess was called an archduchy. All remaining archduchies ceased to exist in 1918. The current head of the House of Habsburg is Karl Habsburg.
Tarn Wadling
Tarn Wadling (formerly spelled Turnewathelane, Terne Wathelyne, among others) was a lake between Carlisle and Penrith, near the village of High Hesket in Cumbria, England. In the Middle Ages, it was famous for its carp, but it was drained in the 19th century, and is now no more than a depression. The name remains today in a small woodland governed by the Woodland Trust.

Throughout the Middle Ages and in later folklore the tarn was associated with spectral appearances and functioned as a liminal place between the regular world and fairyland; it occurs in three Arthurian poems, all involving Sir Gawain.

Penrith, Cumbria
Penrith (/ˈpɛnrɪθ/, /pɛnˈrɪθ/) is a market town and civil parish in the Westmorland and Furness district of Cumbria, England. It is less than 3 miles (5 km) outside the Lake District National Park and about 17 miles (27 km) south of Carlisle. It is between the Rivers Petteril and Eamont and just north of the River Lowther. It was historically part of Cumberland.