hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of user features of operating systems
Comparison of user features of operating systems refers to a comparison of the general user features of major operating systems in a narrative format. It does not encompass a full exhaustive comparison or description of all technical details of all operating systems. It is a comparison of basic roles and the most prominent features. It also includes the most important features of the operating system's origins, historical development, and role.

BSD licenses
BSD licenses are a family of permissive free software licenses, imposing minimal restrictions on the use and distribution of covered software. This is in contrast to copyleft licenses, which have share-alike requirements. The original BSD license was used for its namesake, the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD), a Unix-like operating system. The original version has since been revised, and its descendants are referred to as modified BSD licenses.

BSD is both a license and a class of license (generally referred to as BSD-like). The modified BSD license (in wide use today) is very similar to the license originally used for the BSD version of Unix. The BSD license is a simple license that merely requires that all code retain the BSD license notice if redistributed in source code format, or reproduce the notice if redistributed in binary format. The BSD license (unlike some other licenses e.g. GPL) does not require that source code be distributed at all.
Indiana pi bill
The Indiana pi bill was bill 246 of the 1897 sitting of the Indiana General Assembly, one of the most notorious attempts to establish mathematical truth by legislative fiat. Despite its name, the main result claimed by the bill is a method to square the circle. The bill implies incorrect values of the mathematical constant π, the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter. The bill, written by a physician and an amateur mathematician, never became law due to the intervention of C. A. Waldo, a professor at Purdue University, who happened to be present in the legislature on the day it went up for a vote.

The mathematical impossibility of squaring the circle using only straightedge and compass constructions, suspected since ancient times, had been proven 15 years previously, in 1882, by Ferdinand von Lindemann. Better approximations of π than those implied by the bill have been known since ancient times.

Indiana General Assembly
The Indiana General Assembly is the state legislature, or legislative branch, of the U.S. state of Indiana. It is a bicameral legislature that consists of a lower house, the Indiana House of Representatives, and an upper house, the Indiana Senate. The General Assembly meets annually at the Indiana Statehouse in Indianapolis.

Members of the General Assembly are elected from districts that are realigned every ten years. Representatives serve terms of two years and senators serve terms of four years. Both houses can create bills, but bills must pass both houses before they can be submitted to the governor and enacted into law.

As of 2024, the Republican Party holds supermajorities in both chambers of the General Assembly. Republicans outnumber Democrats in the Senate by a 40–10 margin, and in the House of Representatives by a 70–30 margin.
2013–14 ISU Speed Skating World Cup – World Cup 4 – Men's team pursuit
The men's team pursuit race of the 2013–14 ISU Speed Skating World Cup 4, arranged in Sportforum Hohenschönhausen, in Berlin, Germany, was held on 7 December 2013.

The Dutch team took their third consecutive victory for the season, while the South Korean team came second, and the Polish team came third.

2013–14 ISU Speed Skating World Cup – World Cup 4
The fourth competition weekend of the 2013–14 ISU Speed Skating World Cup was held in Sportforum Hohenschönhausen in Berlin, Germany, from Friday, 6 December, until Sunday, 8 December 2013.

There were no new world records this weekend, but the Dutch women's team, comprised by Marrit Leenstra, Jorien ter Mors and Ireen Wüst, set a new low-altitude team pursuit record of 2:58.19, as they skated the fastest time recorded on any rink outside Calgary and Salt Lake City.
Albota de Jos
Albota de Jos is a commune in Taraclia District, Moldova. It is composed of three villages: Albota de Jos, Hagichioi and Hîrtop.

The commune is located 18 km (11 mi) from the district seat, Taraclia, and 144 km (89 mi) from Chișinău.

During the interwar period, the commune was the seat of Plasa Mihai Viteazul, in Cahul County, Romania.

Taraclia
Taraclia (Romanian pronunciation: [taraˈkli.a]; Bulgarian: Тараклия) is a city located in the south of Moldova. It is the capital of Taraclia District, bordered by the autonomous region of Gagauzia, by the Cahul District and the Odesa Oblast of Ukraine. The great majority of its inhabitants are ethnic Bulgarians.

The Taraclia State University, co-funded by Bulgaria and Moldova, was established in 2004. The languages of education are Bulgarian and Romanian.
41st Telluride Film Festival
The 41st Telluride Film Festival took place on August 29–September 1, 2014, in Telluride, Colorado, United States.

Artists Guy Maddin and Kim Morgan were appointed as the year's guest directors. Telluride honored director Volker Schlöndorff, actress Hilary Swank and feature Apocalypse Now as the awardees of the Silver Medallion. Special Medallion was awarded to film archive Cineteca di Bologna and its head Gian Luca Farinelli. The festival line-up was announced on August 28, 2014.

Telluride Film Festival
The Telluride Film Festival (TFF) is a film festival held annually in Telluride, Colorado, during Labor Day weekend (the first Monday in September). The 52nd edition took place on August 29 – September 1, 2025.
Nicola Pietrangeli
Nicola Chirinsky Pietrangeli (Italian pronunciation: [niˈkɔːla pjeˈtrandʒeli]; born Chirinsky; 11 September 1933 – 1 December 2025) was an Italian tennis player. He won two singles titles at the French Championships and is considered by many to be one of Italy's greatest tennis champions.

Italian Open (tennis)
The Italian Open (Italian: Internazionali d'Italia; currently branded as the Internazionali BNL d'Italia for sponsorship reasons), also known as the Rome Masters, is an annual professional tennis tournament held in Rome, Italy. It is played on clay courts at the Foro Italico, and is held during the second week of May. The tournament is part of the ATP 1000 events on the ATP Tour and part of the WTA 1000 events on the WTA Tour. The two events were combined in 2011.
2020 in the sport of athletics
In 2020, the foremost competitions in the sport of athletics were the 2020 Summer Olympics held in Tokyo, the 2020 World Athletics Indoor Championships held in Nanjing, China and the 2020 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships held in Gdynia, Poland. All three were rescheduled due to the COVID-19 pandemicm with the 2020 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships being the only event still held in 2020.

European Athletics Championships
The European Athletics Championships is a biennial (from 2010) athletics event organised by the European Athletic Association and is recognised as the elite continental outdoor athletics championships for Europe.
2024 URBA Top 12 final
The 2024 URBA Top 12 final was the final of the 125th. edition of Torneo de la URBA, the regional rugby union competition organised by Unión de Rugby de Buenos Aires (URBA). It is the oldest rugby competition in South America and one of the oldest club competitions in the world.

The match was contested by Alumni and Belgrano A.C., and was held in Estadio del CASI. Since the URBA implemented the playoffs system in 1998, it was the 8th. final contested by Alumni (with only one of them being victorious, in 2018 vs Hindú) while Belgrano played their 3rd. final, with one title won in 2016.

Alumni won the match 20–17 with a sudden death drop goal by Joaquín Díaz Luzzi (chosen as player of the match), winning their 7th. league title.

Asociación Alumni
Asociación Alumni, usually just Alumni, is an Argentine amateur rugby union club located in Tortuguitas, Greater Buenos Aires. The senior squad currently competes at Top 12, the first division of the Unión de Rugby de Buenos Aires league system.

The club has ties with former football club Alumni because both were established by Buenos Aires English High School students.
Zied Ayet Ikram
Zied Ayet Ikram (Arabic: زيد أيت أكرام; born December 18, 1988, in Tunis) is an amateur Greco-Roman wrestler, who competed for Tunisia until 2015 and since then has competed for Morocco.  He competes in the men's middleweight category.

Ayet Ikram represented Tunisia at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, where he competed in the men's 74 kg class. He received a bye for the preliminary round of sixteen match, before losing out to French wrestler and Olympic bronze medalist Christophe Guénot.

Ayet Ikram represented Morocco at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro. He again competed in the men's middleweight class.  He lost his last 16 match to Yang Bin.

Yang Bin (wrestler)
Yang Bin (born July 10, 1989) is a Chinese Greco-Roman wrestler. He competed in the 75 kg event at the 2016 Summer Olympics and was eliminated in the repechage by Kim Hyeon-woo. Yang won one gold and two bronze medals at the Asian championships in 2014–2018. He also won a bronze medal at the 2018 Asian Games.
Dreadnought-class submarine
The Dreadnought class is the future replacement for the Royal Navy's Vanguard class of ballistic missile submarines. Like their predecessors they will carry Trident II D-5 missiles. The Vanguard submarines entered service in the United Kingdom in the 1990s with an intended service life of 25 years. Their replacement is necessary for maintaining a continuous at-sea deterrent (CASD), the principle of operation behind the Trident system.

Provisionally named "Successor" (being the successor to the Vanguard class SSBNs), it was officially announced in 2016 that the first of class would be named Dreadnought, and that the class would be the Dreadnought class. The next three boats will be called Valiant, Warspite and King George VI.

HMNB Clyde
His Majesty's Naval Base, Clyde (HMNB Clyde; also HMS Neptune), primarily sited at Faslane on the Gare Loch, is one of three operating bases in the United Kingdom for the Royal Navy (the others being HMNB Devonport and HMNB Portsmouth). It is the navy's headquarters in Scotland and is best known as the home of Britain's nuclear weapons, in the form of nuclear submarines armed with Trident missiles.
Central Plains Region
The Central Plains Region (French: Région des plaines centrales) is an informal geographic region of the Canadian province of Manitoba located in the south central part of the Canadian province of Manitoba, directly west of Winnipeg.

Its major urban centre is the City of Portage la Prairie. Together with the Pembina Valley Region to the south, the Central Plains Region composes the broader cultural region of Central Manitoba. Geographically, the region is considered to be a part of southern Manitoba, and is serviced by the Southern Regional Health Authority.

As of the 2016 census, the region had a population of 50,300 (compared to 48,289 in the 2001 census).

Pembina Valley Region
The Pembina Valley /ˈpɛmbɪnə/ (French: Vallée-de-la-Pembina) is an informal geographic region of the Canadian province of Manitoba. It is named for its major geographical feature, the Pembina Valley, which runs through the southwestern part of the region.

The Pembina Valley had a population of 67,028 as of the Canada 2021 Census (Manitoba Census Areas 3 and 4). Its major service centres are the city of Winkler and the city of  Morden. Other important towns include Altona and Carman.

The major industries of the Pembina Valley are agriculture and manufacturing.

The region is also home to Pembina Valley Provincial Park.
Jiggs and Maggie (film series)
Jiggs and Maggie are the major characters in a series of films made by Monogram Pictures, a low-budget Hollywood film studio, between 1946 and 1950. Jiggs and Maggie are Irish immigrants to the United States, who constantly argue. The characters were created by the cartoonist George McManus in his long-running strip Bringing Up Father. McManus appears in four of the films, playing himself.

The characters had originally appeared on screen in the 1928 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film Bringing Up Father. In 1946, Monogram made a fresh version starring actors Joe Yule and Renie Riano. Due to the popularity of the first film, a series of four sequels followed.

The final film in the series, Jiggs and Maggie Out West, was released around three weeks after Yule's death in March, 1950.

George McManus
George McManus (January 23, 1884 – October 22, 1954) was an American cartoonist best known as the creator of Irish immigrant Jiggs and his wife Maggie, the main characters of his syndicated comic strip, Bringing Up Father.
Penistone Hill Country Park
Penistone Hill Country Park is an open space of moorland that is located to 0.31 miles (0.5 km) west of Haworth and 0.62 miles (1 km) north-west of Oxenhope in West Yorkshire, England. The park's highest point is detailed with a trig point which is 1,030 feet (310 m) above sea level. Since 1994, the park has been notified as being an SSSI as part of the South Pennine Moors.

Whilst Pen is an old word (notably Welsh for hill) and Penistone (South Yorkshire) means 'Farm on the Hill', it is believed that Penistone Hill derives its name from the gambling game Gamepenny Stone. It is known that men would gather on Penistone Hill to gamble over this game as the quarries afforded the opportunity to gather together easily. Partaking in the game often involved being brought in front of the local magistrates for playing on the local highway or even for playing on a Sunday.

Oxenhope
Oxenhope is a village and civil parish near Keighley in the metropolitan borough of Bradford, West Yorkshire, England. It is historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire. The population was 2,476 at the time of the 2001 census and had increased to 2,626 at the 2011 Census. Oxenhope railway station is the terminus for the Keighley and Worth Valley Railway heritage railway.
Washington State Route 278
State Route 278 (SR 278) is a 5.50-mile (8.85 km) long state highway serving rural Spokane County in the U.S. state of Washington. The highway begins at SR 27 in Rockford and travels east to the Idaho state line, where it becomes Idaho State Highway 58. SR 278 was established in 1991 to serve the Coeur d'Alene Reservation in Idaho and used the route of an old gravel road that dates back to the 1930s.

State highways in Washington
The State Highways of Washington in the U.S. state of Washington comprise a network of over 7,000 miles (11,270 km) of state highways, including all Interstate and U.S. Highways that pass through the state, maintained by the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT). The system spans 8.5% of the state's public road mileage, but carries over half of the traffic. All other public roads in the state are either inside incorporated places (cities or towns) or are maintained by the county.  The state highway symbol is a white silhouette of George Washington's head (whom the state is named after).
Curling at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Qualification
A total of 10 teams in each tournament (5 athletes per team) qualified for a quota of 100 athletes in curling at the 2018 Winter Olympics. A further 8 mixed doubles pairs qualified for a total of 16 athletes. Therefore, a total of 116 athletes qualified in total to compete in the curling competitions.

Curling at the 2018 Winter Olympics
The curling competition of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held between 8 and 25 February 2018 at the Gangneung Curling Centre. This was the seventh time that curling is on the Olympic program. In each of the men's and women's competitions, ten nations competed. A third competition was added for the 2018 Olympics, mixed doubles, in which teams consist of one woman and one man. There were eight participating countries in the doubles competition.
Tim Cone
Earl Timothy Cone (born December 14, 1957) is an American professional basketball coach who leads Barangay Ginebra San Miguel in the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA) and the Philippine men's national team. He is the most accomplished coach in PBA history with 25 titles including two Grand Slams, five Coach of the Year awards, and the most coaching wins with over 1,000.

Cone is a proponent of the triangle offense.

2012 PBA Commissioner's Cup
The 2012 Philippine Basketball Association (PBA) Commissioner's Cup was the second conference of the 2011–12 PBA season. The tournament began on February 10 and ended on May 6, 2012. The tournament is an import-laden format, which means that a team may sign an import or a pure-foreign player for each team with no height limit.
Lyubov Vorona
Lyubov Kyrylivna Vorona (Ukrainian: Любов Кирилівна Ворона; 7 April 1931 – July 2021) was a Ukrainian farm worker and politician. She worked as a senior zootechnician and livestock specialist (later chief livestock specialist) in the Chkalov collective farm's Zhdanovsky and Polivanovsky sections. Vorona was secretary of the Novomayachkovsky District Committee of the Komsomol of Ukraine and led the collective farm "Gigant" from 1973 to 1977 as well as the reproductive complex of the collective farm "For the World" from 1990 to 1994. She was a deputy of both the ninth convocation of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and the Dnipropetrovsk Oblast Council and was a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine. Vorona was the recipient of various government awards such as the Order of Lenin and the Hero of Socialist Labour.

Komsomol of Ukraine
The Komsomol of Ukraine, officially the Leninist Communist League of Youth of Ukraine (ЛКСМУ, Ukrainian: Ленінська Комуністична Спілка Молоді України, romanized: Leninska Komunistychna Spilka Molodi Ukrainy; Russian: Ленинский Коммунистический Союз Молодёжи Украины, romanized: Leninskiy Kommunisticheskiy Soyuz Molodyozhi Ukrainy), was a youth organization in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic under the Communist Party of Ukraine, a component part of the All-Union Lenin's Communist League of Youth (Komsomol). It was first established in 1919 as the youth wing of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine and later revived in 1997 as the youth wing of the modern Communist Party of Ukraine; that party was banned in 2015 and terminated in 2022.

Between the two World Wars, the Komsomol of Ukraine closely cooperated with the Young Communist League of Western Ukraine, which was a component part of the Young Communist League of Poland.
Ashburton (ward)
Ashburton was a ward in the London Borough of Croydon, in London in the United Kingdom. The ward covered the Ashburton area, as well as covering the main retail area of Addiscombe, the Stroud Green, Tollgate and Longheath Garden estates, and large parts of northern Shirley. The population of the ward at the 2011 Census was 14,721.

The ward formed part of the Croydon Central constituency, which was one of the most marginal in the country, 165 votes separating the Conservatives and Labour at the 2015 General Election.

The ward returned three councillors every four years to Croydon Council. At the 2014 London local elections Maddie Henson, Stephen Mann, and Andrew Rendle were elected to the council achieving a 9% swing. All of them were running as Labour Party candidates.

Ashburton Learning Village
Ashburton Learning Village is a learning complex in Woodside, Greater London. It stands in the London Borough of Croydon, and is located near Ashburton Park. The village includes Ashburton Library, Oasis Academy Shirley Park, Croydon Music Service and a CALAT training centre. The complex was built after the old Ashburton Library was closed down.

The £20 million secondary school, library and community facilities is the borough's first education Private Finance Initiative (PFI) development.

Former energy minister Malcolm Wicks praised the new development in Croydon, for its ‘innovative design’ and ‘energy-efficient features’.

The then MP for Croydon North said:

The learning village will become a true beacon of excellence in our community. Apart from its huge potential in terms of education, it is significant that the building has taken sustainable energy seriously. It points to a better future, not only for education but also for clean energy.
Interstate 291
Interstate 291 is the designation for two Interstate Highways in the United States, both of which are related to Interstate 91:

Interstate 291 (Massachusetts), a connector to Interstate 90/Massachusetts Turnpike in Springfield

Interstate 291 (Connecticut), a connector to Interstate 84 near Hartford

Interstate 291 (Massachusetts)
Interstate 291 (I-291), also known as the Springfield Expressway, is a 5.44-mile (8.75 km) auxiliary Interstate Highway in Massachusetts that links I-91 in downtown Springfield with I-90 (Massachusetts Turnpike) in Chicopee. I-291 is roughly a northeast–southwest highway. It merges with I-91 at its southwestern terminus, via a flyover. The road meets the turnpike at its northeastern terminus. Getting onto the turnpike from I-291 is straightforward, but getting from the turnpike to I-291 requires a left turn at an at-grade traffic signal. I-291 travels directly through highly populated areas of Springfield and passes under several overpasses. From its southwestern terminus to exit 5A, I-291 is concurrent with US Route 20 (US 20).

I-291 is only 22.4 miles (36.0 km) from Interstate 291 in Connecticut, and there are no intervening Interstate Highway interchanges between them.
Mojo bag
A mojo bag (/ˈmoʊdʒoʊ/), in the African American spiritual tradition called Hoodoo, is an amulet consisting of a flannel bag containing one or more magical items. It is a "prayer in a bag", or a spell that can be carried with or on the host's body. Alternative American names for the mojo bag include a toby, lucky hand, nation sack, conjure bag, and a package. Other forms of African American amulet bags include the gris-gris and juju bags.

With an origin among the Kongo people in Central Africa, the word mojo also refers to a form of conjure, Hoodoo, and charm work. Mojo containers have been fashioned as bags, gourds, jars, bottles, shells, and canes. The making of mojo bags is a system of African American occult magic that involves housing charms or spirits inside of a bag for protection and healing. Other times mojo bags are created to manifest results in a person's life, such as good-luck, money or love.

Simbi
A Simbi (also spelled Cymbee and Sim'bi, pl. Bisimbi or Basimbi) is a Central African guardian spirit of the water and nature in traditional Bakongo religion, as well as in African diaspora spiritual traditions, such as Hoodoo in the southern United States and Palo in Cuba. Simbi have been historically identified as water people, or mermaids, pottery, snakes, gourds, and fire. Due to the forced removal of Bantu peoples from Africa to the Americas, the veneration of simbi exists today in countries, such as the United States, Brazil, Cuba, and Haiti.