hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Standard test image
A standard test image is a digital image file used across different institutions to test image processing and image compression algorithms.  By using the same standard test images, different labs are able to compare results, both visually and quantitatively.

The images are in many cases chosen to represent natural or typical images that a class of processing techniques would need to deal with.  Other test images are chosen because they present a range of challenges to image reconstruction algorithms, such as the reproduction of fine detail and textures, sharp transitions and edges, and uniform regions.

Image compression
Image compression is a type of data compression applied to digital images, to reduce their cost for storage or transmission. Algorithms may take advantage of visual perception and the statistical properties of image data to provide superior results compared with generic data compression methods which are used for other digital data.
Timeline of terrorism in Egypt (2013–present)
In July 2013, at the same time as mass protests began against the 3 July coup d'état which deposed Mohamed Morsi, and in parallel with the escalation of the already ongoing jihadist insurgency in the Sinai Peninsula, pro-Muslim Brotherhood militants started violent attacks against policemen and soldiers in central and western Egypt. In the following months, new Islamist armed groups were created to reinstate Islamist rule in Egypt, such as Soldiers of Egypt and the Popular Resistance Movement. Since 2013, violence in mainland Egypt has escalated and developed into a low-level Islamist insurgency against the Egyptian government.

Qalyubiyya Governorate
Qalyubia (Arabic: محافظة القليوبية Moḥāfaẓat El Qalyubiyya  Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [elʔæljoˈbejjæ]) is one of the governorates of Egypt, located in Lower Egypt. It is situated north of Cairo in the Nile Delta region. Its capital is Banha.
Schenectady Armory
The Schenectady Armory is located on Washington Avenue in the city of the same name in the U.S. state of New York. It is a brown brick building dating to 1936.

New York's state architect at that time, William Haugaard, used the Art Deco architectural style for the exterior of the building and the Tudorbethan mode for the interior. The armory remains virtually intact today. It was home to two units of the New York Army National Guard until it was closed in 2008. In 1995 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

It is currently operating as the Armory Studios NY soundstage and entertainment complex.

Panelling
Panelling, or paneling in the United States, is a millwork wall covering constructed from rigid or semi-rigid components. These are traditionally interlocking wood, but could be plastic or other materials.

Panelling was developed in antiquity to make rooms in stone buildings more comfortable both by insulating the room from the stone and reflecting radiant heat from wood fires, making heat more evenly distributed in the room. In more modern buildings, such panelling is often installed for decorative purposes.  Panelling, such as wainscoting and boiserie in particular, may be extremely ornate and is particularly associated with 17th and 18th century interior design, Victorian architecture in Britain, and its international contemporaries.
KXXT
KXXT (1010 AM) is a radio station broadcasting a Christian talk and instructional format. Licensed to Tolleson, Arizona, United States, the station serves the Phoenix area. KXXT uses the slogan "Family Values Radio" and is owned by Salem Media Group (under the licensee Salem Communications Holding Corporation).

KXXT is co-owned with Talk radio KKNT 960 AM Phoenix and KPXQ 1360 AM in Glendale, which also broadcasts a Christian radio format. KXXT operates with 23,000 watts by day, and can be heard as far south as Tucson and as far north as Cottonwood. But, because 1010 kHz is a Canadian clear channel frequency for Toronto's CFRB and CBR in Calgary, KXXT must reduce its power to 300 watts at night to reduce interference with those stations, rendering it effectively unlistenable outside of Phoenix proper after its critical hours reduction to 9,800 watts.

KKNT
KKNT (960 AM, "960 The Patriot") is a radio station broadcasting a conservative talk radio format in Phoenix, Arizona, United States. The station is owned by Salem Communications Holding Corporation, a subsidiary of the Salem Media Group. Studios are located at 24th Street and Camelback in Phoenix; the transmitter is on the city's northern edge.

Established in 1947 as KOOL, the station became a force in Phoenix radio nearly immediately after Gene Autry purchased the outlet within a year of its operation. The station was a CBS affiliate for decades and spawned a successful television station, KOOL-TV (now KSAZ-TV), and an FM radio station, KOOL-FM. Autry and his business partner, Tom Chauncey, sold KOOL AM in 1978, and it struggled as KARZ for four years before Chauncey repurchased it. After several sales, Salem acquired the frequency in 1996 and instituted the present conservative talk format in 1999.
Helvia gens
The gens Helvia was a plebeian family at ancient Rome.  This gens is first mentioned at the time of the Second Punic War, but the only member of the family to hold any curule magistracy under the Republic was Gaius Helvius, praetor in BC 198.  Soon afterward, the family slipped into obscurity, from which it was redeemed by the emperor Pertinax, nearly four centuries later.

Catullus
Gaius Valerius Catullus (Classical Latin: [ˈɡaːius waˈlɛrius kaˈtullus]; c. 84 – c. 54 BC), known as Catullus (kə-TUL-əs), was a Latin neoteric poet of the late Roman Republic. His surviving works remain widely read due to their popularity as teaching tools and because of their personal or sexual themes.
Math 55
Math 55 is a two-semester freshman undergraduate mathematics course at Harvard University founded by Lynn Loomis and Shlomo Sternberg. The official title of the course is Studies in Algebra and Group Theory (Math 55a) and Studies in Real and Complex Analysis (Math 55b). Previously, the official title was Honors Advanced Calculus and Linear Algebra. The course has gained reputation for its difficulty and accelerated pace.

Curtis T. McMullen
Curtis Tracy McMullen (born May 21, 1958) is an American mathematician who is the Cabot Professor of Mathematics at Harvard University.  He was awarded the Fields Medal in 1998 for his work in complex dynamics, hyperbolic geometry and Teichmüller theory.
Tamás Esterházy (1570–1616)
Tamás Esterházy de Galántha (8 May 1570 – 1616) was a Hungarian noble, son of Vice-ispán (Viscount; vicecomes) of Pozsony County Ferenc Esterházy. One of his brothers was Nikolaus, Count Esterházy who served as Palatine of Hungary.

He studied at the University of Wittenberg since 3 October 1589 where he converted to Calvinism. He translated one of his teacher, Aegidius Hunnius's works into Hungarian. Cardinal Péter Pázmány, a key member and initiator of the Hungarian counter-Reformation condemned Esterházy's work and called Hunnius' publication as "evil".

Tamás Esterházy died in 1616 at Galántha, ancient estate of the House of Esterházy.

Nikolaus, Count Esterházy
Baron, later Count Nikolaus Esterházy de Galántha (English: Nicholas Esterházy of Galántha) (Galanta, 8 April 1583 – Großhöflein, 11 September 1645) was the founder of the West-Hungarian noble House of Esterházy which became one of the grandest and most influential aristocratic families of the Kingdom of Hungary.
Miss Earth Puerto Rico 2023
Miss Earth Puerto Rico 2023 was the 19th Miss Earth Puerto Rico pageant, held in San Juan, Puerto Rico, on January 29, 2023.

Paulina Avilés-Feshold of Carolina crowned Victoria Arocho of Caguas as her successor at the end of the event. She represented Puerto Rico at Miss Earth 2023 in Vietnam and placed in the Top 12.

Miss Earth 2023
Miss Earth 2023 was the 23rd edition of the Miss Earth pageant, held at the Vạn Phúc City Water Music Square in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, on December 22, 2023.

Mina Sue Choi of South Korea crowned Drita Ziri of Albania as her successor at end of the event. This edition was the first time Albania has won the pageant, and its first crown in the Big Four beauty pageants. At 18 years and 210 days, Ziri became the youngest winner of Miss Earth. She surpassed the inaugural titleholder Catharina Svensson, who won as Miss Earth 2001 at the age of 19. Crowned in the same event are Yllana Aduana of the Philippines as Miss Earth-Air, Đỗ Thị Lan Anh of Vietnam as Miss Earth-Water, and Cora Bliault of Thailand as Miss Earth-Fire.

The competition also featured the debut of the Long Beach Pearl crown, which is made of gold and eighty-seven pearls and gemstones.
Cyclone Oscar
Severe Tropical Cyclone Oscar was one of the worst tropical cyclones to affect Fiji. The system was first noted as a shallow depression on 23 February, while it was located to the north of Fiji's capital Suva. The system subsequently developed further as it moved westwards and was named Oscar the next day. Oscar subsequently intensified as it moved westwards and gradually developed further on 27 February. The system subsequently turned and started to move south-eastwards towards Fiji.

Kadavu Island
Kadavu (pronounced [kanˈdaβu]), with an area of 411 square kilometres (159 sq mi), is the fourth largest island in Fiji, and the largest island in the Kadavu Group, a volcanic archipelago consisting of Kadavu, Ono, Galoa and a number of smaller islands in the Great Astrolabe Reef.  Its main administrative centre is Vunisea, which has an airport, a high school, a hospital, and a government station, on the Namalata Isthmus where the island is almost cut in two. Suva, Fiji's capital, lies 88 kilometres (55 miles) to the north of Kadavu. The population of the island province was 10,167 at the most recent census in 2007.

Kadavu Island belongs to Kadavu Province.
Wonokromo railway station
Wonokromo Station (WO) is a large class type C railway station in Jagir, Wonokromo, Surabaya, East Java, operated by Kereta Api Indonesia. The station is located about 5 kilometers (3 mi) south of Surabaya Gubeng Station. It is close to the railway junction with each directions to Surabaya Gubeng station, Sidoarjo, and Madiun.

The station's name must be distinguished from Wonokromo Kota Station. Wonokromo Station is the legacy of Staatsspoorwegen, while Wonokromo Kota Station is the former station of Surabaya tram network built by Oost-Java Stoomtram Maatschappij during Dutch era.

Malang railway station
Malang Station is a railway station in Malang City, East Java. The station is located at an altitude of approximately +444 meters amsl. It is the largest train station in Malang City. The existing building of Malang station was built in 1941 based on the work of J. van der Eb. The station is sometimes referred to as Malang Kotabaru Station to distinguish it from the original 1879 building of Malang station (not Malang Kotalama Station).

The new building is used for inter-city train service, while the old building is for local commuter train services, which is now adjacent to the train depot and locomotive functions as an office and warehouse for storing railway maintenance tools.
Rubripirellula
Rubripirellula is a genus of bacteria from the family of Planctomycetaceae with five known species. Rubripirellula obstinata has been isolated from the alga Laminaria from the northern coast from Porto in Portugal.

Planctomycetaceae
Planctomycetaceae is the only family in the order Planctomycetales within the Bacteria. Species within this family are mostly spherical, inhabiting a vast array of aquatic environments with the majority being in marine ecosystems. Planctomycetaceae species are generally aerobic, but are uniquely classified by fatty acid synthesis and stalk-like formations.
Gastón Sirino
Leandro Gastón Sirino Rodríguez (born 22 February 1991) is an Uruguayan professional footballer who plays as a winger for South African Premiership club Kaizer Chiefs. Gaston Sirino cemented his legacy in the Premiership while playing for Mamelodi Sundowns from 2018 to 2024, clinching seven league titles with 'The Brazilians'.

2019–20 Nedbank Cup
The 2019–20 Nedbank Cup was the 2019–20 edition of South Africa's premier knockout club football (soccer) competition, the Nedbank Cup.

The 16 Premier Soccer League (PSL) clubs, eight National First Division (NFD) teams, as well as eight teams from the amateur ranks entered the main draw of 32 teams. The PSL teams entered the main draw automatically, while the NFD clubs needed to play a single qualifier against other NFD clubs. The amateur teams go through a series of qualifiers to enter the main draw.

From the round of 32 onwards, teams were not seeded, and the first sides drawn received home-ground advantage. There were no replays, and games which ended in a draw after 90 minutes were subject to 30 minutes extra time followed by penalties if necessary.

The Nedbank Cup winners Mamelodi Sundowns already qualified for Champions League through the ABSA Premiership, therefore the spot was given to the runner up Bloemfontein Celtic.
BUB3
Mitotic checkpoint protein BUB3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BUB3 gene.

Bub3 is a protein involved with the regulation of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC); though BUB3 is non-essential in yeast, it is essential in higher eukaryotes. As one of the checkpoint proteins, Bub3 delays the irreversible onset of anaphase through direction of kinetochore localization during prometaphase to achieve biorientation. In directing the kinetochore-microtubule interaction, this ensures the proper (and consequently, bioriented) attachment of the chromosomes prior to anaphase. Bub3 and its related proteins that form the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC) inhibit the action of the Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC), preventing early anaphase entry and mitotic exit; this serves as a mechanism for the fidelity of chromosomal segregation.

Mad1
Mad1 is a non-essential protein which in yeast has a function in the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC).
This checkpoint monitors chromosome attachment to spindle microtubules and prevents cells from starting anaphase until the spindle is built up. The name Mad refers to the observation that mutant cells are mitotic arrest deficient (MAD) during microtubule depolymerization. Mad1 recruits the anaphase inhibitor Mad2 to unattached kinetochores and is essential for Mad2-Cdc20 complex formation in vivo but not in vitro. In vivo, Mad1 acts as a competitive inhibitor
of the Mad2-Cdc20 complex. Mad1 is phosphorylated by Mps1 which then leads together with other activities to the formation of the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC). Thereby it inhibits the activity of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). Homologues of Mad1 are conserved in eukaryotes from yeast to mammals.
B&H Airlines
B&H Airlines d.o.o. was the flag carrier of Bosnia and Herzegovina with its head office in Sarajevo. It operated scheduled and charter passenger services as well as small cargo services from its home base at Sarajevo International Airport. It ceased operating in June 2015.

ATR 72
The ATR 72 is a twin-engine turboprop, short-haul regional airliner developed and produced in France and Italy by aircraft manufacturer ATR.
The number "72" in its name is derived from the aircraft's typical standard seating capacity of 72 passengers.
The ATR 72 has also been used as a corporate transport, cargo aircraft, and maritime patrol aircraft.

To date, all of the ATR series have been completed at the company's final assembly line in Toulouse, France; ATR benefits from sharing resources and technology with Airbus SE, which has continued to hold a 50% interest in the company. Successive models of the ATR 72 have been developed. Typical updates have included new avionics, such as a glass cockpit, and the adoption of newer engine versions to deliver enhanced performance, such as increased efficiency and reliability and reductions in operating costs. The aircraft shares a high degree of commonality with the smaller ATR 42, which remains in production as of 2025.
2008 Tour of Qatar
The 2008 Tour of Qatar was held from 27 January to 1 February 2008 in Qatar. It is a multiple stage road cycling race that took part over six stages with a total of 712.5 kilometres and is part of the 2007–08 UCI Asia Tour.

2007–08 UCI Asia Tour
The 2007–08 UCI Asia Tour was the 4th season of the UCI Asia Tour. The season began on 28 October 2007 with the Japan Cup and ended on 15 September 2008 with the Tour de Hokkaido.

The points leader, based on the cumulative results of previous races, wears the UCI Asia Tour cycling jersey. Hossein Askari from Iran was the defending champion of the 2006–07 UCI Asia Tour and was crowned as the 2007–08 UCI Asia Tour champion.

Throughout the season, points are awarded to the top finishers of stages within stage races and the final general classification standings of each of the stages races and one-day events. The quality and complexity of a race also determines how many points are awarded to the top finishers, the higher the UCI rating of a race, the more points are awarded.

The UCI ratings from highest to lowest are as follows:

Multi-day events: 2.HC, 2.1 and 2.2

One-day events: 1.HC, 1.1 and 1.2
Giorgi Papunashvili
Giorgi Papunashvili (Georgian: გიორგი პაპუნაშვილი, romanized: giorgi p'ap'unashvili, pronounced [ɡioɾɡi pʼapʼunaʃʷili]; born 2 September 1995), commonly known as Papu, is a Georgian professional footballer who plays for Azerbaijani club Zira as a winger.

Ha has played for the Georgian national senior and youth teams.

Erovnuli Liga
The Erovnuli Liga (Georgian: ეროვნული ლიგა; lit. 'National League') is the top division of professional top tier football in Georgia. Since 1990, it has been organized by the Professional Football League of Georgia and Georgian Football Federation. From 1927 to 1989, the competition was held as a regional tournament within the Soviet Union. From 2017, the Erovnuli Liga switched to a spring-autumn system, with only 10 clubs in the top flight.
John McIntosh (farmer)
John McIntosh (August 15, 1777 – c. 1845) was a Scottish-Canadian farmer and fruit breeder, credited with discovering the McIntosh Red apple. Through the apple, his surname is the eponym of the Macintosh (or Mac) computers and operating systems by Apple Inc.

Scottish Canadians
Scottish Canadians (Scottish Gaelic: Canèidianaich Albannach) are people of Scottish descent or heritage living in Canada. As the third-largest ethnic group in Canada and amongst the first Europeans to settle in the country, Scottish people have made a large impact on Canadian culture since colonial times. According to the 2016 Census of Canada, the number of Canadians claiming full or partial Scottish descent is 4,799,010, or 13.93% of the nation's total population. Prince Edward Island has the highest population of Scottish descendants at 41%.

The Scots-Irish Canadians are a similar ethnic group. They descended from Lowland Scots and Northern English people via Ulster and so some observe many of the same traditions as Scots.

Categorically, Scottish Canadians comprise a subgroup of British Canadians which is a further subgroup of European Canadians.
1985–86 Arsenal F.C. season
The 1985–86 season was Arsenal Football Club's 60th consecutive season in the top flight of English football. In this season Arsenal celebrated its centenary, 100 years of footballing history. Arsenal finished seventh in the Football League First Division and saw little success in cup competitions, falling unceremoniously to Aston Villa in the quarterfinals of the League Cup.

Arsenal saw a promising group of young talent break into the first team, with Martin Keown, Tony Adams, Niall Quinn, and David Rocastle all making regular appearances.

Don Howe resigned from Arsenal in March 1986. Steven Burtenshaw took over from Howe, overseeing a slide from fifth to seventh place. George Graham became manager at the end of the season.

Don Howe
Donald Howe (12 October 1935 – 23 December 2015) was an English football player, coach, manager and pundit. As a right back Howe featured for clubs West Bromwich Albion and Arsenal together with the England national football team in his playing career. He also went on to manage sides West Brom, Arsenal, Galatasaray, Queens Park Rangers and Coventry City. Howe was also a successful coach and has been described as one of the most influential figures of the English footballing game.
Felix Varela Senior High School
Felix Varela Senior High School is a public high school located at 15255 SW 96th St. in The Hammocks, unincorporated Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States.

Past principals include Millie Fornell (2000–2005), Connie Navarro (2005–2011), and Nery Fins (2011–2023). The current principal is Adrian M. Sánchez (2023–present)

The school was named after Father Félix Varela (1788–1853), a Cuban Roman Catholic Priest, human rights advocate, teacher, and an admired figure throughout the Cuban American exile community.

The school opened its doors to approximately 2,000 9th and 10th graders (classes of 2003–2004) on August 28, 2000.

The school is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.

G. Holmes Braddock Senior High School
G. Holmes Braddock Senior High School is a secondary school located in unincorporated Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. The school is named after G. Holmes Braddock, a former 38-year member of the school board who, as chairperson from 1969 to 1970, led the district's efforts to desegregate its schools. This high school is a magnet school of choice. The magnet programs offered by this school are iPreparatory Academy, visual and performing arts, Cambridge University program, and information technology.
Latulipe-et-Gaboury
Latulipe-et-Gaboury (French pronunciation: [latylip e ɡabuʁi]) is a united township municipality in northwestern Quebec, Canada, in the Témiscamingue Regional County Municipality.  The only other remaining united township municipality in Quebec is Stoneham-et-Tewkesbury.

The only population centre in the united township is the village of Latulipe.

Témiscamingue Regional County Municipality
Témiscamingue (French pronunciation: [temiskamɛ̃ɡ]) is a regional county municipality in the Abitibi-Témiscamingue region of western Quebec, Canada. The county seat is Ville-Marie.

Though Témiscamingue borders Pontiac Regional County Municipality to the south, it is not practical to travel between the two within Quebec without taking a major detour north towards Quebec Route 117.  The shorter route is to cross into Ontario at Notre-Dame-du-Nord or Témiscaming and travel south on Highway 11, then east on Highway 17, before crossing back at L'Isle-aux-Allumettes.
Arcadius
Arcadius (Ancient Greek: Ἀρκάδιος Arkadios; c. 377 – 1 May 408) was Roman emperor from 383 to his death in 408. He was the eldest son of the Augustus Theodosius I (r. 379–395) and his first wife Aelia Flaccilla, and the brother of Honorius (r. 393–423). Arcadius ruled the eastern half of the empire from 395, when their father died, while Honorius ruled the west. In his time, he was seen as a weak ruler dominated by a series of powerful ministers and by his wife, Aelia Eudoxia.

Magister militum
Magister militum (Latin for "master of soldiers"; pl.: magistri militum) was a top-level military command used in the late Roman Empire, dating from the reign of Constantine the Great. The term referred to the senior military officer (equivalent to a war theatre commander, the emperor remaining the supreme commander) of the empire. The office continued to exist and evolve during the early Byzantine Empire. In Greek sources, the term is translated either as strategos or as stratelates (although these terms were also used non-technically to refer to commanders of different ranks).