hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sheriff of Crail
The Sheriff of Crail was historically the royal official responsible for enforcing law and order in Crail, Scotland.

The sheriffdom of Crail appears to have been created in the mid 12th century and seems to have been dissolved and incorporated into the sheriffdom of Fife in the 13th century.

Crail
Crail (listenⓘ; Scottish Gaelic: Cathair Aile) is a former royal burgh, parish and community council area (Royal Burgh of Crail and District) in the East Neuk of Fife, Scotland.

The locality has an estimated population of 1,630 (2018).
Maritime Museum of Barcelona
41°22′32″N 2°10′33″E﻿ / ﻿41.375556°N 2.175833°E﻿ / 41.375556; 2.175833

The Maritime Museum of Barcelona (Catalan: Museu Marítim de Barcelona, MMB) is located in the building of Drassanes Reials de Barcelona, the royal arsenal of Barcelona, dedicated to shipbuilding between the thirteenth century and eighteenth century. The first mention of these arsenals date from 1243 in a document indicating the boundaries of the city of Barcelona where it mentions its shipyard.

It shows the history of the navigation from the early days together with the history of the Spanish Navy since the Catholic Monarchs, in the 15th century, up to the present. It also hosts several navigation instruments, weapons, portolans and paintings. The museum was declared Museum of National Interest by the Government of Catalonia.

Majorcan cartographic school
Majorcan cartographic school is the term coined by historians to refer to the collection of predominantly Jewish cartographers, cosmographers and navigational instrument-makers and some Christian associates that flourished in Mallorca (Majorca) in the 13th, 14th and 15th centuries until the expulsion of the Jews. The label is usually inclusive of those who worked in Catalonia. The Majorcan school is frequently contrasted with the contemporary Italian cartography school.
Mōri Hidemoto
Mōri Hidemoto (毛利 秀元, November 25, 1579 – November 26, 1650) was a senior retainer of the Toyotomi clan throughout the latter Sengoku period of feudal Japan. 
Hidemoto was the eldest son of Mōri Motokiyo and initially began service under the Toyotomi as a military commander under his cousin Terumoto, the head of the Mōri clan.

Mōri clan
The Mōri clan (毛利氏, Mōri-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [moꜜː.ɾʲi, moː.ɾʲiꜜ.ɕi]) was a Japanese samurai clan descended from Ōe no Hiromoto. Ōe no Hiromoto was descended from the Fujiwara clan. The family's most illustrious member, Mōri Motonari, greatly expanded the clan's power in Aki Province. During the Edo period his descendants became daimyō of the Chōshū Domain under the Tokugawa shogunate. After the Meiji Restoration with the abolition of the han system and daimyō, the Mōri clan became part of the new nobility.
Dollis Creek
Dollis Creek (formerly Squaw Creek) is a creek that spans the border between British Columbia and the Yukon. The creek is 8 miles in length and flows from the Atlin Country region of British Columbia north across the BC-Yukon boundary into the Tatshenshini River approximately 10 miles from Old Dalton Post.

Tatshenshini River
The Tatshenshini River (/ˌtætʃɛnˈʃiːni/; Tlingit Tʼachanshahéeni, Southern Tutchone Shäwshe Chù) is a river in the Canadian boreal forest, in the southwestern Yukon and the northwestern corner of British Columbia. It originates in British Columbia, near Haines Highway. It flows north into Yukon, then it turns west and south before it returns into British Columbia, where it flows through the Tatshenshini-Alsek Provincial Wilderness Park. There it joins the Alsek River, which then flows into the Pacific Ocean in Alaska, United States. It is popular for wilderness rafting trips.
1978 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles
Two-time defending champion Björn Borg defeated Jimmy Connors in a rematch of the previous year's final, 6–2, 6–2, 6–3 to win the gentlemen's singles tennis title at the 1978 Wimbledon Championships. It was his third Wimbledon title and sixth major title overall.

Having won the 1978 French Open title the previous month, Borg’s Wimbledon crown made him the second man, after Rocket Rod Laver in 1969, in the Open Era to complete the Channel Slam at 22 years, 32 days old. He would hold the record for the youngest man to complete the Channel Slam until Carlos Alcaraz became the 6th man of this exclusive club at just 21 years, 70 days old.

1978 Wimbledon Championships
The 1978 Wimbledon Championships was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom. The tournament ran from 26 June until 8 July. It was the 92nd staging of the Wimbledon Championships, and the second Grand Slam tennis event of 1978.
Guardian Rock
Guardian Rock is a low ice-free rock lying in Bigourdan Fjord, 3 kilometres (1.5 nmi) north of Parvenu Point, Pourquoi Pas Island, close off the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. It was first surveyed in 1948–49 by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey, and so named by them because of the position of this rock which guards the northwest entrance to The Narrows.

The Narrows (Antarctica)
The Narrows (67°36′S 67°12′W﻿ / ﻿67.600°S 67.200°W﻿ / -67.600; -67.200) is a narrow channel between Pourquoi Pas Island and Blaiklock Island, connecting Bigourdan Fjord and Bourgeois Fjord off the west coast of Graham Land. It was discovered and given this descriptive name by the British Graham Land Expedition (BGLE), 1934–37, under Rymill.
Makra Peak
The Makra Peak (Urdu: مکڑا چوٹی; lit. 'Spider Peak') is a mountain peak in the Himalayas Range, located on the border between the Kaghan Valley of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the Pakistani-administered Azad Kashmir. It is 3,885 metres (12,746 ft) high and almost 200 kilometres (120 mi) from Islamabad on the Naran Road. The trek to the peak starts from the Kaghan Valley, located in Hazara region of the northern Pakistan. From Kiwai, a single 7-kilometre-long road runs uphill to Shogran, a tourist resort with numerous hotels; the track continues to climb up to Siri Lake and ends at Payee. From here it is a trek of four hours to the top of the Makra.

Although it can be straightforward to climb, fatalities have occurred during storms. In spite of its difficulties, the summit offers views of Hazara and Azad Kashmir. Fatalities tend to occur in bad weather, especially thick fog, and as a result of the steepness of some sections. The waters from the mountain's glacier feed the Kunhar River.

Shogran
Shogran (Hindko, Urdu: شوگراں) is a hill station situated on a plateau in the Kaghan Valley of Mansehra District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in northern Pakistan at a height of 2,362 metres (7,749 ft) above sea level. It has become a popular tourist attraction in recent decades.

Shogran is located 34 kilometres (21 mi) from Balakot. The road from Islamabad to the region measures 212 kilometres (132 mi). It is mainly populated during the summer.
N-myc internal ribosome entry site (IRES)
The N-myc internal ribosome entry site (IRES) is an RNA element found in the n-myc gene. The myc family of genes when expressed are known to be involved in the control of cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis. n-myc mRNA has an alternative method of translation via an internal ribosome entry site where ribosomes are recruited to the IRES located in the 5' UTR thus bypassing the typical eukaryotic cap-dependent translation pathway.

Internal ribosome entry site
An internal ribosome entry site, abbreviated IRES, is an RNA element that allows for translation initiation in a cap-independent manner, as part of the greater process of protein synthesis. Initiation of eukaryotic translation nearly always occurs at and is dependent on the 5' cap of mRNA molecules, where the translation initiation complex forms and ribosomes engage the mRNA. IRES elements, however, allow ribosomes to engage the mRNA and begin translation independently of the 5' cap.
ClearScore
ClearScore is a British financial technology business that provides credit scores, reports and affordability scores for individuals at no cost to its users. It also provides a marketplace in which people source credit cards, loans and car finance. ClearScore earns commission from the financial services providers to which it refers individual clients that have used its services.

It was founded in July 2015, by Justin Basini (b. June 1974), Nigel Morris and Dan Cobley (b. June 1967).  It claims that it was the first company in the United Kingdom to provide free credit scores and credit report. ClearScore then expanded to include increased visibility of affordability, using current account spending patterns via Open Banking. As of 2024, the company had over 20m users and operates in the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and Canada.

ClearScore has partnerships with over 150 financial institutions around the world.

Experian
Experian plc is a multinational data broker and consumer credit reporting company headquartered in Dublin, Ireland. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. Experian is a partner in USPS address validation. It is one of the "Big Three" alongside TransUnion and Equifax.

In addition to its credit services, Experian also sells decision analytic and marketing assistance to businesses, including individual fingerprinting and targeting. Like all credit reporting agencies, the company is required by U.S. law to provide consumers with one free credit report every year.
Arthur (poem)
Arthur is an anonymous Middle English poem, derived indirectly from Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae, of the life and reign of King Arthur.  It dates from the late 14th century or early 15th century and survives in only one manuscript, the early 15th century Liber Rubeus Bathoniae.  It comprises 642 lines of, for the most part, rhyming couplets.  It lies somewhere between the genres of chivalric romance and verse chronicle.  Critics are largely agreed that it is a work of slight literary merit.

Frederick James Furnivall
Frederick James Furnivall FBA (4 February 1825 – 2 July 1910) was an English philologist, best known as one of the co-creators of the New English Dictionary. He founded a number of learned societies on early English literature and made pioneering and massive editorial contributions to the subject, of which the most notable was his parallel text edition of The Canterbury Tales. He was one of the founders of and teachers at the London Working Men's College and a lifelong campaigner against injustice.
Monastery of St. Mark of Koriša
The Monastery of St. Mark of Koriša (Serbian: Манастир Свети Марко Коришки, romanized: Manastir Sveti Marko Koriški; Albanian: Manastiri i Markut të Shenjtë, Korishë) was a Serbian Orthodox monastery built in 1467, located in Korishë, Prizren, Kosovo. The entire complex was declared a Protected Monument of Culture in 1959, and it is de jure protected by Republic of Serbia. It was a single-nave church, built on a rectangular foundation. It was severely damaged after the end of the Kosovo War in 1999.

Cultural heritage of Serbia
Cultural heritage of Serbia (Serbian: Културна добра Србије, romanized: Kulturna dobra Srbije, lit. 'Cultural Goods of Serbia') represents the totality of national cultural heritage in Serbia (including Kosovo) as defined by Serbia's Law on Cultural Goods. Some of national heritage sites in Serbia are also World Heritage Sites.
2018–19 UCI Track Cycling World Cup
The 2018–19 UCI Track Cycling World Cup (also known as the Tissot UCI Track Cycling World Cup for sponsorship reasons) was a multi-race tournament over a track cycling season. It was the 27th series of the UCI Track Cycling World Cup organised by the UCI.

It will be the first edition of the World Cup to feature para-cycling.

2015–16 UCI Track Cycling World Cup
The 2015–16 UCI Track Cycling World Cup was a multi-race tournament over a track cycling season. It was the 24th series of the UCI Track Cycling World Cup organised by the UCI. The series ran from 30 October 2015 to 17 January 2016 and consisted of three rounds in Cali, Cambridge and Hong Kong.
Al-Isra, 26
This is a sub-article to Al-Isra.

Qur'an 17:26 (also notated Al-Isra, 26) is the twenty-sixth verse of Al-Isra, the seventeenth chapter of the Qur'an, which relates to the controversies of the land of Fadak in modern-day Saudi Arabia.

The verse is also known as the Verse of Dhul Qurba

Al-Anfal
Al-Anfal (Arabic: ٱلأنفال, al-ʾanfāl; meaning The Spoils of War, Earnings, Savings, Profits) is the eighth chapter (sūrah) of the Quran, with 75 verses (āyāt). Regarding the timing and contextual background of the revelation (asbāb al-nuzūl), it is a Medinan surah, completed after the Battle of Badr. It forms a pair with the next surah, At-Tawba.

According to the Muslim philosopher Abul A'la Maududi, the chapter was probably revealed in 2 AH (624 CE) after the Battle of Badr, the first defensive clash between the Meccans and the Muslim people of Medina after they fled from persecution in Mecca. As it contains an extensive point-by-point survey of the battle, it gives the idea that most presumably it was revealed at very much the same time. Yet, it is additionally conceivable that a portion of the verses concerning the issues emerging because of this battle may have been revealed later and placed at the best possible spots to make it consistent entirely.
Veligosti
Veligosti (Greek: Βελιγοστή, before 1918: Σαμαρά - Samara) is a settlement in the municipal unit of Falaisia, Arcadia, Greece. It is situated on a low hill, on the left bank of a tributary of the river Alfeios. It is 2 km west of Leontari, 3 km north of Ellinitsa, 4 km east of Paradeisia and 9 km south of Megalopoli.

Ellinitsa
Ellinitsa (Greek: Ελληνίτσα) is a village in the municipal unit of Falaisia, in Arcadia, Greece. It is located on a hillside, 2 km west of Potamia, 3 km southwest of Leontari, 4 km southeast of Paradeisia and 11 km south of Megalopoli.
KNCK (AM)
KNCK (1390 kHz) is a classic hits music formatted AM radio station licensed to Concordia, Kansas, serving Concordia and Cloud County, Kansas.  KNCK is owned and operated by Barbara White, through licensee White Communications, LLC. The station derives a portion of its programming from Jones Radio Network's "Kool Gold" Network.

Cloud County, Kansas
Cloud County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kansas.  Its county seat and most populous city is Concordia.  As of the 2020 census, the county population was 9,032.  The county was named after William Cloud, an officer in the American Civil War.
Snowshoe Lake (Thunder Bay District)
Snowshoe Lake is a lake in Thunder Bay District, Ontario, Canada, and part of the Lake Superior drainage basin. It is about 2.2 kilometres (1.4 mi) long and 1.9 kilometres (1.2 mi) wide, and lies at an elevation of 293 metres (961 ft). The primary inflow is an unnamed creek from Camel Read Lake, and primary outflow is an unnamed creek to Wabinosh Bay on Lake Nipigon (just 1.5 kilometres (0.9 mi) from the mouth of the Wabinosh River) which flows via the Nipigon River into Lake Superior.

Lake Nipigon
Lake Nipigon (/ˈnɪpɪɡɒn/ NIP-ih-gon; French: lac Nipigon; Ojibwe: Animbiigoo-zaaga'igan) is a freshwater lake in Northwestern Ontario. Part of the Great Lakes drainage basin, it drains through the Nipigon River into Lake Superior. It is the largest lake entirely within the Canadian province of Ontario.
Princess Theatre (Melbourne)
The Princess Theatre, originally Princess's Theatre, is a 1452-seat theatre in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Established in 1854 and rebuilt in 1886 to a design by noted Melbourne architect William Pitt, it is the oldest surviving entertainment site on mainland Australia. Built in an elaborate Second Empire style, it reflects the opulence of the "Marvellous Melbourne" boom period, and had a number of innovative features, including state of the art electric stage lighting and the world's first sliding ceiling, which was rolled back on warm nights to give the effect of an open-air theatre.

Located on Spring Street in Melbourne's East End Theatre District, the theatre building is listed by the National Trust of Australia and is on the Victorian Heritage Register.

Ben Fuller (producer)
Sir Benjamin John Fuller (20 March 1875 – 10 March 1952) was an English-born New Zealand and Australian theatrical entrepreneur, serving as a producer and manager, he best known for establishing the franchise of theatre company's that bears his name. He came from a show business family his father was singer John Fuller and his brother John Fuller Jnr. was also a theatre entrepreneur. He was the grandfather of Australian actress, arts patron and philanthropist Lynn Rainbow.
Cream Box
Cream Box (クリームボックス) is a Japanese sweet bread from Kōriyama, Fukushima.

Cream Box comprises thick-sliced bread, coated with a milk-flavored cream. It is sold across Kōriyama in bakeries, in the original flavor as well as variations including fruits and coffee.

Several claims for the invention of Cream Box exist, but it is generally credited to have been invented by Bakery Romeo in 1976, in Koriyama City, Fukushima Prefecture.

Kōriyama
Kōriyama (郡山市, Kōriyama-shi) is a city in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 August 2023, the city had an estimated population of 321,938 people in 141760 households, and a population density of 425 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 757.20 square kilometers (292.36 sq mi). Kōriyama is designated as a core city and functions as a commercial center for Fukushima Prefecture. Kōriyama is the third largest conurbation in the Tōhoku region.
Friedrich Karl Arnold Schwassmann
Friedrich Karl Arnold Schwassmann (25 March 1870 – 19 January 1964) was a German astronomer and a discoverer of 22 minor planets and 4 comets, who worked at AOP in Potsdam and at Bergedorf Observatory in Hamburg.

He was co-discoverer with Arno Arthur Wachmann of the periodic comets 29P/Schwassmann–Wachmann, 31P/Schwassmann–Wachmann and 73P/Schwassmann–Wachmann, and with Arno Arthur Wachmann and Leslie Peltier of the non-periodic comet C/1930 D1 (Peltier–Schwassmann–Wachmann). The main-belt asteroid 989 Schwassmannia, discovered by himself in 1922, was later named in his honor (H 94).

Leslie Peltier
Leslie Copus Peltier (January 2, 1900 – May 10, 1980) was an American amateur astronomer and discoverer of several comets and novae, including Nova Herculis 1963.  He was once described as "the world's greatest non-professional astronomer" by Harlow Shapley.
WUWM
WUWM (89.7 FM, "Milwaukee's NPR") is a non-commercial radio station in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It is owned and operated by the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee with the license held by the Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System. A unit of the UW-Milwaukee College of Letters and Science, the station's studios and offices are on the seventh floor of Chase Tower on Wisconsin Avenue near Water Street in Downtown Milwaukee.

WUWM is a Class B FM station, with an effective radiated power (ERP) of 13,500 watts. The transmitter is atop the WITI TV Tower in Shorewood.

University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee academics
The University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee is a doctoral-degree granting public research university that consists of 14 colleges and schools, and 70 academic centers, institutes and laboratory facilities. It offers a total of 180 degree programs, including 94 bachelor's, 53 master's and 32 doctorate degrees. The School of Freshwater Sciences is the only graduate school of freshwater science in the U.S. and the third in the world. The School of Architecture and Urban Planning, the College of Nursing and the College of Health Sciences are the largest in Wisconsin.

The university is categorized as an R1 Research University (very high research activity) in the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education. Per U.S. News & World Report 2012, the university is ranked 121st nationally by America's Best High School guidance counselors as offering the best undergraduate education to their students.
Enzyme-linked receptor
An enzyme-linked receptor, also known as a catalytic receptor, is a transmembrane receptor, where the binding of an extracellular ligand causes enzymatic activity on the intracellular side. Hence a catalytic receptor is an integral membrane protein possessing both catalytic, and receptor functions.

They have two important domains, an extra-cellular ligand binding domain and an intracellular domain, which has a catalytic function; and a single transmembrane helix.  The signaling molecule binds to the receptor on the outside of the cell and causes a conformational change on the catalytic function located on the receptor inside the cell.

Examples of the enzymatic activity include:

Receptor tyrosine kinase, as in fibroblast growth factor receptor. Most enzyme-linked receptors are of this type.

Serine/threonine-specific protein kinase, as in bone morphogenetic protein

Guanylate cyclase, as in atrial natriuretic factor receptor

Receptor tyrosine kinase
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are the high-affinity cell surface receptors for many polypeptide growth factors, cytokines, and hormones. Of the 90 unique tyrosine kinase genes identified in the human genome, 58 encode receptor tyrosine kinase proteins.
Receptor tyrosine kinases have been shown not only to be key regulators of normal cellular processes but also to have a critical role in the development and progression of many types of cancer. Mutations in receptor tyrosine kinases lead to activation of a series of signalling cascades which have numerous effects on protein expression. The receptors are generally activated by dimerization and substrate presentation. Receptor tyrosine kinases are part of the larger family of protein tyrosine kinases, encompassing the receptor tyrosine kinase proteins which contain a transmembrane domain, as well as the non-receptor tyrosine kinases which do not possess transmembrane domains.
Juvatn
Juvatn or Gjuvvatnet is a lake in the municipality of Åseral in Agder county, Norway.  The 8.06-square-kilometre (3.11 sq mi) lake lies on the river Logna in the upper part of the Mandalen valley.  The lake is in the far northeastern part of the municipality, just over 1.2 kilometres (0.75 mi) south of the border with Bygland municipality. The Bortelid ski area lies just west of the lake.  There is a dam on the southern part of the lake to use the water as part of a hydro-electric power system in the region.  The dam was built in 1958 as part of the Logna power system.  The water ultimately flows into the river Mandalselva.  The nearby lake Gyvatn lies about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) southeast of Juvatn.

Mandalen
Mandalen is a river valley in Agder county, Norway.  The 75-kilometre (47 mi) long valley runs from the lake Øre in Åseral municipality south through the municipality of Lindesnes and it ends at the sea at the town of Mandal in the south.  The river Mandalselva runs through the valley. The side valleys are Ljoslandsdalen and Lognadalen.
David Hall (Australian tennis)
David Robert Hall, OAM (born 14 January 1970) is an Australian former professional wheelchair tennis player. With eight US Open singles titles, two Masters singles titles, and a Paralympic gold medal in singles, he has been referred to as Australia's greatest ever wheelchair tennis player.

Sport Australia Hall of Fame Awards
The Sport Australia Hall of Fame was established on 10 December 1985 to recognise the achievements of Australian sportsmen and sportswomen.  The inaugural induction included 120 members with Sir Don Bradman as the first inductee and Dawn Fraser the first female inductee. In 1989, the Hall of Fame was expanded to include associate members who have assisted in the development of sport in Australia. In 2012, there were 518 members. Each year the Hall of Fame inducts notable retired athletes, associate members and upgrades one member to 'legend' status.

The main award each year is the 'Don' Award but other awards include Team Sport Australia Award, Spirit of Sport Award and Hall of Fame Moments.

The National Sports Museum located at the Melbourne Cricket Ground houses the Sport Australia Hall of Fame.