hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vertica
Vertica is an analytic database management software company.  Vertica was founded in 2005 by the database researcher Michael Stonebraker with Andrew Palmer as the founding CEO. Ralph Breslauer and Christopher P. Lynch served as CEOs later on.

Lynch joined as chairman and CEO in 2010 and was responsible for Vertica's acquisition by Hewlett Packard in March 2011.  The acquisition expanded the HP Software portfolio for enterprise companies and the public sector group. As part of the merger of Micro Focus and the Software division of Hewlett Packard Enterprise, Vertica joined Micro Focus in September 2017. As part of OpenText acquisition of Micro Focus, Vertica joined OpenText in January 2023.

Data orientation
Data orientation is the representation of tabular data in a  linear memory model such as in-disk or in-memory. The two most common representations are column-oriented (columnar format) and row-oriented (row format).

The choice of data orientation is a trade-off and an architectural decision in databases, query engines, and numerical simulations. As a result of these tradeoffs, row-oriented formats are more commonly used in online transaction processing (OLTP) and column-oriented formats are more commonly used in online analytical processing (OLAP).

Examples of column-oriented formats include Apache ORC, Apache Parquet, Apache Arrow, formats used by BigQuery, Amazon Redshift and Snowflake. Predominant examples of row-oriented formats include CSV, formats used in most relational databases (Oracle, MySQL etc.), the in-memory format of Apache Spark, and Apache Avro.
International Congress of Photography
The International Congress of Photography (French: Congrès international de photographie) or the International Photographic Congress, which was later renamed as The International Congress of Scientific and Applied Photography, was an international conference dedicated to the study and advancement of photography. Active from 1889, it focused on both scientific research and practical applications within the field.

Exposition Universelle (1889)
The Exposition Universelle de 1889 (French pronunciation: [ɛkspozisjɔ̃ ynivɛʁsɛl]), better known in English as the 1889 Paris Exposition, was a world's fair held in Paris, France, from 6 May to 31 October 1889. It was the fifth of ten major expositions held in the city between 1855 and 1937. It attracted more than thirty-two million visitors. The most famous structure created for the exposition, and still remaining, is the Eiffel Tower.
John J. Palmer
John J. Palmer is the author of the self-published book, How to Brew and an active member of the homebrewing community.

Palmer began writing How to Brew in 1995. The website The Real Beer Page hosted the first edition of the book at howtobrew.com. Palmer self-published a print edition of How to Brew in 2000. The Third Edition was released in late May 2006.

How to Brew is frequently cited as the definitive authority on homebrewing

Palmer's follow-up books include Brewing Classic Styles: 80 Winning Recipes Anyone Can Brew with Jamil Zainasheff and Water: A Comprehensive Guide for Brewers with Colin Kaminski.

Palmer is from Midland, Michigan and attended Michigan Technological University. He graduated with a degree in Metallurgical Engineering in 1987. John worked in the space program at a failure analysis lab in Irvine, California, and he has helped design, build, and inspect hardware that is currently flying on the International Space Station.

Homebrewing
Homebrewing is the brewing of beer   or other alcoholic beverages on a small scale for personal, non-commercial purposes. Supplies, such as kits and fermentation tanks, can be purchased locally at specialty stores or online. Beer was brewed domestically for thousands of years before its commercial production although its legality has varied according to local regulation. Homebrewing is closely related to the hobby of home distillation, the production of alcoholic spirits for personal consumption, but home distillation is generally more tightly regulated.
1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone
1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI) is a cyclic urea used as a high-boiling polar aprotic solvent. This colourless, highly polar solvent has high thermal and chemical stability. Together with homologous solvent DMPU, since the 1970s it serves as an analog of tetramethylurea. It can be prepared from 1,2-dimethylethylenediamine by reaction with phosgene.

Polar aprotic solvent
A polar aprotic solvent is a solvent that lacks an acidic proton and is polar.  Such solvents lack hydroxyl and amine groups. In contrast to protic solvents, these solvents do not serve as proton donors in hydrogen bonding, although they can be proton acceptors. Many solvents, including chlorocarbons and hydrocarbons, are classifiable as aprotic, but polar aprotic solvents are of particular interest for their ability to dissolve salts. Methods for purification of common solvents are available.
Reniel Hugo
Daniel Pieter "Reniel" Hugo (born 19 July 1990) is a South African professional rugby union player for Sharks (Currie Cup) in the Currie Cup in South Africa. He mainly plays as a lock, but can also play as a loose forward and flanker.

Bulls (rugby union)
The Bulls (known for sponsorship reasons as the Vodacom Bulls) are a South African professional rugby union team based in Pretoria. They play their home matches at Loftus Versfeld. They compete in the United Rugby Championship, having competed in the Super Rugby competition until 2020 and the domestic Currie Cup competition.

The side won the Super 14 in 2007, 2009 and 2010, placing them among the most successful teams in Super Rugby history with three titles. They were the most successful team of the Super 14 era (2006–10), winning three out of the five titles. They are the most successful South African team, and the only South African team to win a Super Rugby title.

Formerly known as Northern Transvaal the side has competed in the Currie Cup since 1937 before becoming the Bulls in 1997.
Jaime Escalante
Jaime Alfonso Escalante Gutiérrez (December 31, 1930 – March 30, 2010) was a Bolivian-American educator known for teaching students calculus from 1974 to 1991 at Garfield High School in East Los Angeles. Escalante was the subject of the 1988 film Stand and Deliver, in which he is portrayed by Edward James Olmos.

AP Calculus
Advanced Placement (AP) Calculus (also known as AP Calc, Calc AB / BC, AB / BC Calc or simply AB / BC) is a set of two distinct Advanced Placement calculus courses and exams offered by the American nonprofit organization College Board. AP Calculus AB covers basic introductions to limits, derivatives, and integrals. AP Calculus BC covers all AP Calculus AB topics plus integration by parts, infinite series, parametric equations, vector calculus, and polar coordinate functions, among other topics.
2021 Kilkenny Senior Hurling League
The 2021 Kilkenny Senior Hurling League was the 28th staging of the Kilkenny Senior Hurling League since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board in 1992. The league began on 4 September 2021 and ended on 3 October 2021.

Dicksboro were the defending champions, however, they failed to make it out of the group stage.

On 3 October 2021, Bennettsbridge won the league after beating Clara by 0–19 to 0–16 at UPMC Nowlan Park. It was their first ever league title.

2019 Kilkenny Senior Hurling League
The 2019 Kilkenny Senior Hurling League was the 26th staging of the Kilkenny Senior Hurling League since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board in 1992. The league began on 6 April 2019 and ended on 22 September 2019.

James Stephens were the defending champions.

On 22 September 2019, Dicksboro won the league after a 2-15 to 2-14 defeat of O'Loughlin Gaels in the final. This was their fourth league title overall and their first tile since 2-17.
Le Château-d'Oléron
Le Château-d'Oléron (French pronunciation: [lə ʃɑto dɔleʁɔ̃]; before 1962: Le Château) is a commune located on the Island of Oléron, in the Charente-Maritime department, southwestern France.

The town is surrounded by fortifications in the form of a Bastion fort (similar to a "star fort".)

Bastion fort
A bastion fort or trace italienne (a phrase derived from non-standard French, meaning 'Italian outline') is a fortification in a style developed during the early modern period in response to the ascendancy of gunpowder weapons such as cannon, which rendered earlier medieval approaches to fortification obsolete. It appeared in the mid-fifteenth century in Italy. Some types, especially when combined with ravelins and other outworks, resembled the related star fort of the same era.

The design of the fort is normally a polygon with bastions at the corners of the walls. These outcroppings eliminated protected blind spots, called "dead zones", and allowed fire along the curtain wall from positions protected from direct fire. Many bastion forts also feature cavaliers, which are raised secondary structures based entirely inside the primary structure.
2010–11 Campionato Sammarinese di Calcio
The 2010–11 Campionato Sammarinese di Calcio season was the twenty-sixth since its establishment. The season began with the first regular season games on 17 September 2010 and ended with the play-off final in May 2011. Tre Fiori are the league champions, having won their seventh Sammarinese championship and third-in-a-row last season.

Campionato Sammarinese
Campionato Sammarinese di Calcio (English translation: Sammarinese Football Championship) is the highest competition for football clubs located at the only level of the Sammarinese football league system (no relegation system exists) and has been operating since the 1985–1986 season. As of 2025, Campionato Sammarinese di Calcio is ranked last (55th) among European leagues according to UEFA's league coefficient, which was based on the performance of Sammarinese clubs in the Champions League, Europa League and the Conference League.
Universe (Masonic Lodge)
The Universe is a liberal Masonic lodge operating under the jurisdiction of the Grand Orient of Poland. Established in 2019 in Warsaw, it represents the first English-speaking Masonic lodge in Poland to admit candidates and visitors irrespective of their gender and ethnicity. The Lodge promotes the Freemasonic values of liberty, equality, and fraternity, welcoming all Freemasons regardless of background. Its primary mission is to serve as a safe harbour for worldwide Freemasons seeking the craft in Poland.

Continental Freemasonry
Liberal Freemasonry, also known as Continental Freemasonry or Adogmatic Freemasonry, is a major philosophical tradition within Freemasonry that emphasizes absolute freedom of conscience, philosophical inquiry, and progressive social values. Liberal Freemasonry is characterized by its acceptance of all people regardless of religious belief, gender, or philosophical outlook. It represents one of the two main branches of modern Freemasonry, alongside Conservative (Anglo-American) Freemasonry.
The Liberal tradition emerged primarily in France during the Age of Enlightenment and came to full expression through the Grand Orient de France's 1877 adoption of absolute freedom of conscience as a founding principle. Today, Liberal Freemasonry is the predominant form of Freemasonry in Continental Europe, Latin America, and parts of Africa, with millions of members worldwide organized in various grand lodges and masonic bodies.
USS Harry E. Yarnell
USS Harry E. Yarnell (DLG/CG-17) was a Leahy-class guided missile cruiser of the United States Navy. Named in honor of Admiral Harry E. Yarnell, she was originally classified as a "destroyer leader" or frigate, in 1975 she was redesignated a cruiser in the Navy's ship reclassification. She was the second of the "double-end" Leahy-class guided missile frigates to join the fleet.

Missile
A missile is an airborne ranged weapon capable of self-propelled flight aided usually by a propellant, jet engine or rocket motor.

Historically, 'missile' referred to any projectile that is thrown, shot or propelled towards a target; this usage is still recognized today with any unguided jet- or rocket-propelled weapons generally described as rocket artillery. Airborne explosive devices without propulsion are referred to as shells if fired by an artillery piece and bombs if dropped by an aircraft.

Missiles are also generally guided towards specific targets termed as guided missiles or guided rockets. Missile systems usually have five system components: targeting, guidance system, flight system, engine, and warhead. Missiles are primarily classified into different types based on firing source and target such as surface-to-surface, air-to-surface, surface-to-air and air-to-air missiles.
Michael Wandesford
Christianity portal

Michael Wandesford was an Anglican priest in the early seventeenth century.

He was the son of George Wandesford and Catharine Hanby, and the brother of Christopher Wandesford, who was to be Lord Deputy of Ireland in 1640,

Michael Wandsford was appointed Dean of Limerick in May 1635; and  Dean of Derry in November 1635.

He died in 1637.

Christopher Wandesford
Christopher Wandesford (24 September 1592 – 3 December 1640) was an English administrator and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1621 and 1629. He was Lord Deputy of Ireland in the last months of his life.
Lionel Pearson
Lionel Godfrey Pearson (29 October 1879 – 19 March 1953) was a British architect, best known for the Grade I listed Royal Artillery Memorial, which he designed with the sculptor Charles Sargeant Jagger.

Charles Sargeant Jagger
Charles Sargeant Jagger MC ARA (17 December 1885 – 16 November 1934) was a British sculptor who, following active service in the First World War, sculpted many works on the theme of war. He is best known for his war memorials, especially the Royal Artillery Memorial at Hyde Park Corner and the Great Western Railway War Memorial in Paddington Railway Station. He also designed several other monuments around Britain and other parts of the world.
NGC 3256
NGC 3256 is a peculiar galaxy formed from the collision of two separate galaxies in the constellation of Vela. NGC 3256 is located about 122 million light-years away and belongs to the Hydra–Centaurus Supercluster complex. It was discovered by British astronomer John Herschel on 3 February 1835.

NGC 3256 provides a nearby template for studying the properties of young star clusters in tidal tails. The system hides a double nucleus and a tangle of dust lanes in the central region. The telltale signs of the collision are two extended luminous tails swirling out from the galaxy. The tails are studded with a particularly high density of star clusters. NGC 3256 is the most luminous galaxy in the infrared spectrum located within z 0.01 from Earth.

Vela (constellation)
Vela is a constellation in the southern sky, which contains the Vela Supercluster. Its name is Latin for the sails of a ship, and it was originally part of a larger constellation, the ship Argo Navis, which was later divided into three parts, the others being Carina and Puppis. With an apparent magnitude of 1.8, its brightest star is the hot blue multiple star Gamma Velorum, one component of which is the closest and brightest Wolf-Rayet star in the sky. Delta and Kappa Velorum, together with Epsilon and Iota Carinae, form the asterism known as the False Cross. 1.95-magnitude Delta is actually a triple or quintuple star system.
Richard W. Dorgan
Richard William Dorgan (September 24, 1892 – May 5, 1953) was an American cartoonist, writer, and illustrator. His first known published work appeared in The New York Call in 1913. A wide variety of his early work was published in The Broadside: A Journal for the Naval Reserve Force, 1918–1920.

He is remembered as the illustrator of Thorne Smith's first two novels, Biltmore Oswald (1918) and Out o' Luck (1919), as well as for his work as a columnist for Photoplay Magazine and newspaper artist in the 1920s and '30s.

Ring Lardner
Ringgold Wilmer Lardner (March 6, 1885 – September 25, 1933) was an American sports columnist and short story writer best known for his satirical writings on sports, marriage, and the theatre. His contemporaries—Ernest Hemingway, Virginia Woolf, and F. Scott Fitzgerald—all professed strong admiration for his writing, and author John O'Hara directly attributed his understanding of dialogue to him.
1953 Western Australian state election
Elections were held in the state of Western Australia on 14 February 1953 to elect all 50 members to the Legislative Assembly. The two-term Liberal-Country Party coalition government, led by Premier Sir Ross McLarty, was defeated by the Labor Party, led by Opposition Leader Albert Hawke.

The election was notable in that 22 of the 50 seats were not contested at the election. Only two other elections—those held in 1890 and 1894—had a greater percentage or number of uncontested seats.

1890 Western Australian colonial election
Elections were held in the Colony of Western Australia in December 1890 to elect 30 members to the Legislative Assembly. They were the first elections to be held for the Legislative Assembly, which had been created earlier in the year by a new constitution that granted Western Australia responsible self-government.
Anna of Hungary (Byzantine empress)
Anna of Hungary (c. 1260–1281) was a Princess of Hungary and Croatia, and a Byzantine Empress by marriage to Andronikos II Palaiologos.

She was the daughter of Stephen V of Hungary and Elizabeth the Cuman. Anna was granddaughter of Béla IV of Hungary.

On 8 November 1273, Anna married Andronikos II Palaiologos.

According to George Pachymeres, the couple had two children:

Michael IX Palaiologos

Constantine Palaiologos, despotes.

Anna died before her husband became senior emperor in 1282. However every Palaiologos emperor to the Fall of Constantinople in 1453 descended from her through her son Michael. Anna's sister Elisabeth and Simonida (a daughter of Anna's husband by his second wife) both married King Stefan Milutin of Serbia.

Simonida
Simonida Nemanjić (Serbian Cyrillic: Симонида Немањић; c. 1294 – after 1336), born Simonis Palaiologina (Greek: Σιμωνίς Παλαιολογίνα, sr. Симонида Палеолог, Simonida Paleolog), was a Byzantine princess and queen consort of the Kingdom of Serbia as the fourth wife of Serbian king Stefan Milutin (r. 1282–1321). She was a daughter of the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos (r. 1282–1328) and Irene of Montferrat. In Medieval Serbia Simonida is best remembered as a patron of the Arts, Music and Literature.
Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences
The Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering the history of social and behavioral sciences. It was established in 1965 and is published by John Wiley & Sons. The editor-in-chief is Alexandra Rutherford (York University). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2023 impact factor of 0.69. It was ranked 22nd out of 34 journals in the category "History of Social Sciences".

Behavioural sciences
Behavioural science is the branch of science concerned with theorizing on, categorizing, and judging human behaviour. It sits in the interstice between fields such as psychology, cognitive science, neuroscience, behavioral biology, behavioral genetics and social science. While the term can technically be applied to the study of behaviour amongst all living organisms, it is nearly always used with reference to humans as the primary target of investigation (though animals may be studied in some instances, e.g. invasive techniques).
Sande, Vestland
Sande (also known as Sande i Sunnfjord) is a village in Sunnfjord Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The village is located along the Gaula River, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from where the river meets the Dalsfjorden. Sande Church is located in this village.

The 0.71-square-kilometre (180-acre) village has a population (2025) of 1,019 and a population density of 1,735 inhabitants per square kilometre (4,490/sq mi).

The European route E39 highway runs through the village of Sande, connecting it to the town of Førde 19 kilometres (12 mi) to the north and to the village of Vadheim in Høyanger Municipality which is 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) to the south. Førde Airport, Bringeland is located about 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) north of Sande along the E39 highway.

Førde Airport
Førde Airport (Nynorsk: Førde lufthamn; IATA: FDE, ICAO: ENBL) is a regional airport located at Bringelandsåsen in Sunnfjord Municipality, about 16 kilometers (10 mi) south of the town of Førde in Vestland county, Norway. Owned and operated by the state-owned Avinor, the airport has a single 1,019-meter (3,343 ft) runway numbered 07–25. It is served by Widerøe, which operates De Havilland Canada Dash 8 aircraft to Oslo.

Starting in 1970, the town of Førde was served by Førde Airport, Øyrane, located in an industrial site in town and with poor operational conditions. Bringeland was opened in 1986 and the old airport was closed.  Bringeland originally consisted of a 859-meter (2,818 ft) runway, but that was lengthened in 2010. Since 1988, the helicopter operator Airlift has also been based at the airport. The airport was originally owned by the municipality, but nationalized in 1996. Bringeland served 82,356 passengers in 2011.
St Duthus F.C.
St. Duthus Football Club (also referred to as Tain St. Duthus Football Club) is a senior Scottish football club playing in the North Caledonian Football League based at Grant Park (by the Links) in the town of Tain in the Scottish Highlands.

North Caledonian Cup
The North Caledonian Cup, originally known as the North of Scotland Junior Cup and later the North of Scotland 2nd XI Cup is an annual association football cup for competition between football clubs across the Highlands & Islands of Scotland.

The cup is a registered Scottish FA competition which runs under the auspices of the North Caledonian FA.
The Cardinal of the Kremlin
The Cardinal of the Kremlin is a spy thriller novel, written by Tom Clancy and released on May 20, 1988. A direct sequel to The Hunt for Red October (1984), it features CIA analyst Jack Ryan as he must extract CARDINAL, the agency's highest placed asset in the Soviet military, who is being pursued by the KGB. The novel also features the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), a conceptual missile-defense system developed by the United States during that time, and its Soviet counterpart. The book debuted at 
number one on The New York Times Best Seller List.

Persona non grata
In diplomacy, a persona non grata (PNG) is a foreign diplomat that is asked by the host country to be recalled to their home country. If the person is not recalled as requested, the host state may refuse to recognize the person concerned as a member of the diplomatic mission (including the removal of diplomatic immunity). A host country may declare any member of a diplomatic staff persona non grata at any time without any explanation.
WNYK
WNYK (88.7 FM) was a radio station broadcasting a variety format. Licensed to Nyack, New York, United States, the station was owned by Nyack College.

Dr. Charles Beach's show "Memory Lane", which started in 1994, was the longest running WNYK program.

The station's license was cancelled on June 2, 2022, due to Nyack College failing to file a license renewal application.

Alliance University (New York City)
Alliance University (formerly Nyack College (/ˈnaɪ.æk/ ⓘ) was a private Christian university affiliated with the Christian and Missionary Alliance and located in New York City. It offered undergraduate and graduate programs; in addition, it included Alliance Theological Seminary.

In June 2023, the Middle States Commission on Higher Education announced that it would revoke the university's accreditation in December 2023 due to significant and ongoing financial challenges. On June 30, 2023, university leaders announced that it would cease operations as of August 31, 2023.