hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Amirani
Amirani or Amiran (Georgian: ამირანი) is the name of a culture hero of a Georgian epic who resembles the Classical Prometheus. Various versions of the myth reveal a process through which the myth was transformed over time, but the legend itself is traced between 3,000 and 2,000 years BC at the beginning of the first Iron Age. In the myth a Demiurge figure - Amirani - defies God by introducing the use of metal to humanity. Like Prometheus, he is punished and chained in the Caucasus Mountains with his cursed dog Q'ursha. Similar to the Prometheus myth, an eagle eats his liver in the day, but it heals itself every night.

Culture hero
A culture hero is a mythological hero specific to some group (cultural, ethnic, religious, etc.) who changes the world through invention or discovery. Places like the French Panthéon and the German Walhalla (memorial) show the term is also used for regular people who had civil courage. Although many culture heroes help with the creation of the world, most culture heroes are important because of their effect on the world after creation. A typical culture hero might be credited as the discoverer of fire, agriculture, songs, tradition, law, or religion, and is usually the most important legendary figure of a people, sometimes as the founder of its ruling dynasty.
1950 Speedway National League Division Three
The 1950 National League Division Three was the fourth season of British speedway's National League Division Three

The league was reduced from 13 teams to 10. Halifax Dukes, Plymouth, Yarmouth and Hanley had all moved up to Division Two whilst Hastings Saxons dropped out. The two new sides were Aldershot Shots and St Austell Gulls whilst Tamworth changed their nickname from 'Hounds' to 'Tammies'.

Oxford Cheetahs, who had finished bottom of the table during their inaugural league season in 1949, rose spectacularly up the league to win the title. The Oxford team was made up from an entirely new set of riders including Harry Saunders, signed as captain from Tamworth for £750, Pat Clark from Rayleigh for £250, Bill Osborne from Walthamstow, Raymond Buster Brown from Wembley and Eric Irons from Cradley.

Ken Middleditch of Poole topped the averages.

Speedway National League Division Three
The National League Division Three was the third division of Speedway in the United Kingdom. The league was created as a third tier of the National League in 1947 but ran for only five years. In 1952 it was replaced by the Southern League.
Pentatropis
Pentatropis  is a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1834. It is native to Africa and southern Asia.

Species

formerly included

moved to other genera (Cynanchum, Daemia, Vincetoxicum)

Cynanchum
Cynanchum is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek kynos (meaning "dog") and anchein ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species is dog-strangling vine. Most species are non-succulent climbers or twiners. There is some evidence of toxicity.
Genoa Metro
The Genoa Metro (Italian: Metropolitana di Genova, Ligurian: Metropolitànn-a de Zêna) is a light rapid transit system consisting of a single line that connects the centre of Genoa, Italy with the suburb of Rivarolo Ligure, to the north-west of the city centre.  The service is currently managed by Azienda Mobilità e Trasporti (AMT), which provides public transport for the city of Genoa.

It is a 7.1 kilometres (4.4 mi) long 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) (standard gauge) double-track line and is electrified with overhead lines at 750 volts DC. It has a direct connection with the underground suburban station under Trenitalia's mainline railway stations, Principe and Brignole.

Hitachi Rail Italy
Hitachi Rail Italy S.p.A. is a multinational rolling stock manufacturer  company based in Pistoia, Italy. Formerly AnsaldoBreda S.p.A., a subsidiary of state-owned Finmeccanica, the company was sold in 2015 to Hitachi Rail of Japan. After the deal was finalized, the current name was adopted in November 2015 to reflect the new ownership.
Canna virus
The genus Canna is susceptible to certain plant viruses, which may result in spotted or streaked leaves, in a mild form, but can finally result in stunted growth and twisted and distorted blooms and foliage. Known species of virus are:

Canna yellow mottle badnavirus (CYMV) infecting canna species.

Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) infecting cannas, gladiolus, freesia and many legumes.

Tomato aspermy virus (TAV), causes mosaic in cannas, but it has not been reported affecting cannas in the UK.

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), cannas are susceptible to this virus, but none found yet in England.

Canna yellow streak virus (CaYSV), recently discovered by scientists at the Central Science Laboratory in England. Dr Rick Mumford, senior virologist at CSL is quoted as stating "Typical virus symptoms include flecking, mosaic, leaf streaking and necrosis, which in severe cases render plants unsaleable." The reference to this quoted article is shown below.

Cucumber mosaic virus
Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is a plant pathogenic virus in the family Bromoviridae. This virus has a worldwide distribution and a very wide host range, having the reputation of the widest host range of any known plant virus. It can be transmitted from plant to plant both mechanically by sap and by aphids in a stylet-borne fashion. It can also be transmitted in seeds and by the parasitic weeds, Cuscuta sp. (dodder).
David Walls (academic)
David Walls (born October 21, 1941) is an activist and academic who has made significant contributions to Appalachian studies and to the popular understanding of social movements. He is professor emeritus of sociology at Sonoma State University (SSU) in California, where he was dean of extended education from 1984 to 2000.

Bogdan Denitch
Bogdan Denitch (born Bogdan Denis Denić, Serbian Cyrillic: Богдан Денис Денић; August 9, 1929 – March 28, 2016) was an American sociologist of Serb origin. He was a leading authority on the political sociology of the former Yugoslavia, and served as professor at the Queens College, City University of New York (CUNY) from 1973 until his retirement in 1994. Denitch was active in democratic left politics throughout his life, joining the Young People's Socialist League at age 18, and later co-founding the Democratic Socialists of America. From 1983 through 2004 he organized the annual Socialist Scholars Conference in New York. Beginning in the 1990s he was an advocate for human rights and an opponent of nationalism in the former Yugoslavia.
Aydan Siyavuş
Aydan Siyavuş (15 May 1947 - 11 January 1998) was a Turkish basketball coach and former basketball player. He coached a number of teams like Kadıköyspor, Eczacıbaşı, Efes Pilsen, Beşiktaş, Fenerbahçe, Çukurova, Darüşşafaka, Karşıyaka and Galatasaray as well as the youth, junior's university and  senior national teams. He was the most successful head coach of the Turkish Super Basketball League.

Turkish Basketball Cup
The Turkish Basketball Cup (Turkish: Basketbol Erkekler Türkiye Kupası), is the Turkey men's professional basketball national cup tournament. It has been held and organised by the Turkish Basketball Federation since 1967. The tournament was on hiatus from 1973 to 1991.
Schismus
Schismus is a genus of African and Eurasian plants in the grass family. Two species are naturalized in North America, where they are known as Mediterranean grass.

Species

Schismus arabicus - Greece, North Africa, East Africa, Asia (from Saudi Arabia to Xinjiang); naturalized in scattered locations in Australia, United States, Mexico, Chile, Argentina

Schismus barbatus - Mediterranean and neighboring regions (from Canary Islands to Tibet); South Africa; naturalized in scattered locations in Australia, United States, Mexico, Chile, Argentina

Schismus inermis - South Africa

Schismus scaberrimus - South Africa

Schismus schismoides - South Africa, Namibia

Formerly included

see Deschampsia Disakisperma Tribolium

Schismus gouanii - Deschampsia media

Schismus patens - Disakisperma dubium

Schismus pleuropogon - Tribolium pleuropogon

Schismus villarsii - Deschampsia media

Deschampsia
Deschampsia is a genus of plants in the grass family Poaceae, commonly known as hair grass or tussock grass. The genus is widespread across many countries.

The genus is named for French physician and naturalist Louis Auguste Deschamps (1765–1842).

Deschampsia species are used as food plants by the larvae of some species of Lepidoptera, including antler moth, the clay, clouded-bordered brindle, common wainscot, dark arches, dusky brocade, shoulder-striped wainscot, smoky wainscot and wall.

Deschampsia sometimes grow in boggy acidic formations, an example of which is the Portlethen Moss, Scotland. 
Deschampsia antarctica is the world's most southern monocot, and one of only two flowering plants of Antarctica.

Some species, such as D. cespitosa, are grown as ornamental garden plants.
PPPoX
PPPoX (PPP over X) designates a family of encapsulating communications protocols implementing Point-to-Point Protocol.

Specific implementations:

PPPoE: PPP over Ethernet – which can use 802.1q VLANs

PPPoA: PPP over ATM

PPTP: PPP encapsulated over GRE with a parallel control connection and some optional encryption

L2TP v2 (and its ancestor L2F): PPP sessions multiplexed within tunnels and transported over UDP

Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol
The Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) is an obsolete method for implementing virtual private networks. PPTP has many well known security issues.

PPTP uses a TCP control channel and a Generic Routing Encapsulation tunnel to encapsulate PPP packets. Many modern VPNs use various forms of UDP for this same functionality.

The PPTP specification does not describe encryption or authentication features and relies on the Point-to-Point Protocol being tunneled to implement any and all security functionalities.

The PPTP implementation that ships with the Microsoft Windows product families implements various levels of authentication and encryption natively as standard features of the Windows PPTP stack. The intended use of this protocol is to provide security levels and remote access levels comparable with typical VPN products.
Ancient Jewish art
Ancient Jewish art, is art created by Jews in both the Land of Israel and in the Diaspora prior to the Middle Ages. It features symbolic or figurative motifs often influenced by biblical themes, religious symbols, and the dominant cultures of the time, including Egyptian, Hellenistic, and Roman art.

During the Second Temple Period, Jewish decorative art followed the biblical prohibition against images, avoiding figurative or symbolic depictions. Motifs from Eastern Mediterranean art were used, but without human or animal figures, reflecting Torah injunctions and a resistance to Roman influence.

In Late Antiquity, the biblical commandment avoidance of figurative or symbolic painting was gradually ignored in part due to the influence of Christianity. Symbols such as the Menorah served as both artistic as well as national symbols of Jewish identity, growing more acute after the destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem.

Showbread
Showbread (Hebrew: לֶחֶם הַפָּנִים, romanized: Leḥem haPānīm, lit. 'Bread of the Faces'), in the King James Version shewbread, in a Biblical or Jewish context, refers to the cakes or loaves of bread which were always present, on a specially-dedicated table, in the Temple in Jerusalem as an offering to God. An alternative, and more appropriate, translation would be presence bread, since the Bible requires that the bread be constantly in the presence of God (Exodus 25:30). The twelve loaves were ritually consumed in the presence of God each week by the Aaronic priesthood (Leviticus 24:9).
Burnhill Green
Burnhill Green is a small hamlet near Pattingham, situated in Staffordshire, England, in the former parish of Patshull. The hamlet is on the edge of the Staffordshire county border where it becomes Shropshire and consists of a pub, The Dartmouth Arms, surrounded by a few pre-1950 houses although The Crown Estate who own much of the land built some sustainable houses in 2010.

The hamlet forms part of the then country estate of the Earl's of Dartmouth made up of Patshull Hall and Patshull Park. Patshull Hall went through several incarnations ending up today as a number of privately owned apartments and cottages.

The hamlet is 2.5 miles (4 km) west of Pattingham and just 1.9 miles (3 km) south of the A464 road.

Pattingham
Pattingham is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Pattingham and Patshull, in the South Staffordshire district, in the county of Staffordshire, England, near the county boundary with Shropshire. Pattingham is seven miles west of Wolverhampton and seven and a half miles east of Bridgnorth. In 2021 it had a population of 1773.
Cefn Viaduct, Wrexham
The Cefn (Newbridge) Viaduct is Grade II* listed railway viaduct across the River Dee between Cefn and Chirk communities in Wrexham County Borough, Wales. The viaduct is near the villages of Cefn Mawr (and Cefn-bychan), Pentre and Newbridge. The viaduct forms the eastern boundary of Tŷ Mawr Country Park and is around a mile downstream of Pontcysyllte Aqueduct.

Grade II* listed buildings in Wrexham County Borough
In the United Kingdom, the term listed building refers to a building or other structure officially designated as being of special architectural, historical, or cultural significance; Grade II* structures are those considered to be "particularly important buildings of more than special interest". Listing was begun by a provision in the Town and Country Planning Act 1947. Once listed, strict limitations are imposed on the modifications allowed to a building's structure or fittings. In Wales, the authority for listing under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 rests with Cadw.
Zhangshu Township
Zhangshu Township (simplified Chinese: 樟树乡; traditional Chinese: 樟樹鄉; pinyin: Zhāngshù Xiāng) is a township under the administration of Hengyang County, in central Hunan, China. As of 2018, it has one residential community and 5 villages under its administration.

Hengyang County
Hengyang County (simplified Chinese: 衡阳县; traditional Chinese: 衡陽縣; pinyin: Héngyáng Xiàn; lit. 'south of Mount Heng') is a county and the 5th most populous county-level division in the Province of Hunan, China; it is under the administration of Hengyang prefecture-level city. Located in the north of Hengyang City and the southeast of Hunan province, the county is bordered to the north by Shuangfeng County, to the west by Shaodong County, to the south by the counties of Qidong and Hengdong and the districts of Zhengxiang, Shigu, and Zhuhui, and to the east by Nanyue District and Hengshan County. Hengyang County covers 2,558.61 km2 (987.88 sq mi) with a population of 1,235,100 (as of 2015). The county has 17 towns under its jurisdiction, and the county seat is Xidu Town (西渡镇).
Lucius Marcius Censorinus (consul 39 BC)
Lucius Marcius Censorinus was a consul of the Roman Republic in 39 BC, during the Second Triumvirate. He and his colleague Gaius Calvisius Sabinus had been the only two senators who tried to defend Julius Caesar when he was assassinated on the Ides of March in 44 BC, and their consulship under the triumvirate was a recognition of their loyalty.

Marcius Censorinus was proconsul of Macedonia and Achaea from 42 to 40 BC. He and a Fabius Maximus were the last proconsuls honored abroad with the title "savior and founder" and with a festival bearing their names before the establishment of the imperial monarchy under Augustus. Following the civil wars of the 40s, Censorinus took possession of Cicero's beloved house on the Palatine.

Ronald Syme
Sir Ronald Syme, OM, FBA (11 March 1903 – 4 September 1989) was a New Zealand-born historian and classicist. He was regarded as the greatest historian of ancient Rome since Theodor Mommsen and the most brilliant exponent of the history of the Roman Empire since Edward Gibbon. His great work was The Roman Revolution (1939), a masterly and controversial analysis of political life in the Roman Republic following the assassination of Julius Caesar, offering critical views about Octavian in particular that challenged widely accepted views in contemporary academia.
History of Providence, Rhode Island
The Rhode Island city of Providence has a nearly 400-year history integral to that of the United States, including significance in the American Revolutionary War by providing leadership and fighting strength, quartering troops, and supplying goods to residents by circumventing the blockade of Newport. The city is also noted for the first bloodshed of the American Revolution in the Gaspée Affair. Additionally, Providence is notable for economic shifts, moving from trading to manufacturing. The decline of manufacturing devastated the city during the Great Depression, but the city eventually attained economic recovery through investment of public funds.

Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations
The Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations was an English colony on the eastern coast of North America, founded in 1636 by Puritan minister Roger Williams, at a settlement he originally called Providence Plantations, after his exile from the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Joined by three other settlements soon founded on Narragansett Bay, the colony became a haven for religious dissenters and was known for its commitment to religious freedom and self-governance.

The four Narragansett Bay settlements created an official confederacy through a charter under the Patent of 1643–1644, granted by the English Parliament. It received a more comprehensive Royal Charter in 1663 from King Charles II, which established its government and guaranteed its religious liberties. Rhode Island continued as a self-governing colony until 1776, when it declared independence from Great Britain during the American Revolution, becoming the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations.
Florida Water
Florida Water is an American version of an eau de Cologne. Like European eaux de Cologne it is a citric scent, but shifts the emphasis towards sweet orange (rather than the bergamot orange, lemon and neroli of 4711) and adds spicy notes like clove. The name refers to the fabled Fountain of Youth, which is said to be located in Florida, as well as the "floral" nature of the scent.

Its most significant non-cosmetic usage is found in different spiritual and/or religious belief systems of Amerindian peoples and the descendants of formerly enslaved people of a Yoruba (or more generally Central West African) background in nearly all regions of the Americas.

Eau de Cologne
Eau de Cologne (French: [o d(ə) kɔlɔɲ]; German: Kölnisch Wasser [kœlnɪʃ vɐsɐ]; meaning "Water from Cologne") or simply cologne is a perfume originating in Cologne, Germany. Originally mixed by Johann Maria Farina (Giovanni Maria Farina) in 1709, it has since come to be a generic term for scented formulations in typical concentration of 2–5% and also more depending upon its type of essential oils or a blend of extracts, alcohol, and water. In a base of dilute ethanol (70–90%), eau de cologne contains a mixture of citrus oils, including oils of lemon, orange, tangerine, clementine, bergamot, lime, grapefruit, blood orange, bitter orange, and neroli. It can also contain oils of lavender, rosemary, thyme, oregano, petitgrain (orange leaf), jasmine, olive, oleaster, and tobacco.

In contemporary American English usage, the term "cologne" has become a generic term for perfumes marketed toward men. It also may signify a less concentrated, more affordable version of a popular perfume.
5th Battalion, King's Regiment (Liverpool)
The 5th Battalion, King's Regiment (Liverpool) (5th King's) was a volunteer unit of the King's Regiment (Liverpool) of the British Army. It traced its heritage to the raising in 1859 of a number rifle volunteer corps in Liverpool, which were soon consolidated into the 1st Lancashire Rifle Volunteer Corps (RVC). It was affiliated to the King's Regiment (Liverpool), and became its 1st Volunteer Battalion of the regiment. In 1908 the battalion was transferred to the new Territorial Force as the 5th Battalion, King's Regiment (Liverpool). It saw active service on the Western Front during World War I, as did its second line second-line battalion, and even a garrison battalion. Before World War II it again formed a second line battalion. Both served in home defence, but the 5th King's landed in Normandy on D Day as part of a specialist beach group 1939. When the Territorial Army was reduced in 1967, the 5th King's became a company of the Lancastrian Volunteers.

Volunteer Force
The Volunteer Force was a citizen army of part-time rifle, artillery and engineer corps, created as a popular movement throughout the British Empire in 1859. Originally highly autonomous, the units of volunteers became increasingly integrated with the British Army after the Childers Reforms in 1881, before forming part of the Territorial Force in 1908. Most of the regiments of the present Army Reserves  Infantry, Artillery, Engineers and Signals units are directly descended from Volunteer Force units.
Eleanor Ross Taylor
Eleanor Ross Taylor (June 30, 1920 – December 30, 2011) was an American poet who published six collections of verse from  1960 to 2009. Her work received little recognition until 1998, but thereafter received several major poetry prizes. Describing her most recent poetry collection, Kevin Prufer writes, "I cannot imagine the serious reader — poet or not — who could leave Captive Voices unmoved by the work of this supremely gifted poet who skips so nimbly around our sadnesses and fears, never directly addressing them, suggesting, instead, their complex resistance to summary."

George Braziller
George Braziller (February 12, 1916 – March 16, 2017) was an American book publisher and the founder of George Braziller, Inc., a firm known for its literary and artistic books and its publication of foreign authors.
Oil Pollution Act of 1990
The Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA) was passed by the 101st United States Congress and signed by President George H. W. Bush. It works to reduce the likelihood of oil spills from vessels and facilities by enforcing removal of spilled oil and assigning liability for the cost of cleanup and damage; requires specific operating procedures; defines responsible parties and financial liability; implements processes for measuring damages; specifies damages for which violators are liable; and establishes a fund for damages, cleanup, and removal costs. This statute has resulted in instrumental changes in the oil production, transportation, and distribution industries.

Limitation of Liability Act of 1851
In United States maritime law, the Limitation of Liability Act of 1851 states that the owner of a vessel may limit damage claims to the value of the vessel at the end of the voyage plus "pending freight", as long as the owner can prove it lacked knowledge of the problem beforehand. This Act was the subject of a 2001 United States Supreme Court case in Lewis v. Lewis & Clark Marine, Inc.
David Witt
David Witt (born June 2, 1973) is an American tennis coach and former professional player. He is currently coaching  Aleksandar Kovacevic and is best known as the former long-time coach of Venus Williams and Jessica Pegula. He enjoyed a successful junior career, during which time he won the USTA Boys' 16s Clay, Hard and National Championships and was the top-ranked under-16 in the USTA in 1989. He was also a semifinalist at the US Open Junior Boys Singles event in 1991.

Aleksandar Kovacevic (tennis)
Aleksandar Kovacevic (born August 29, 1998) is an American professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 54 achieved on 12 January 2026 and a best doubles ranking of No. 254, reached on 3 April 2023.