hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Grimoart Gausmar
Grimoart(z) Gausmar(s) was a Gascon troubadour of the third quarter of the twelfth century. The sole source of information about his life comes from a satire of Peire d'Alvernhe, which mentions that Grimoart was a knight and jongleur. Only one known poem by Grimoart has survived. The poet names himself in its last lines:

Grimoart's work is misattributed in two manuscripts to Jaufre Rudel. The misattribution probably stems from the similarity between the first lines of two works: Lanquan lo temps renovelha by Grimoart and Lanquan li jorn son lonc e may by Rudel. The influence of Marcabru comes across in the poem of Grimoart.

A hypothesis has been forwarded that Grimoart Gausmar is a corruption of the name of another troubadour, Guilhem Azemar, which the copyist and later Peire got wrong. It has not received widespread support.

Peire d'Alvernhe
Peire d'Alvernhe or d'Alvernha (Pèire in modern Occitan; b. c. 1130) was an Auvergnat troubadour (active 1149–1170) with twenty-one or twenty-four surviving works. He composed in an "esoteric" and "formally complex" style known as the trobar clus. He stands out as the earliest troubadour mentioned by name in Dante's Divine Comedy and De vulgari eloquentia.
2025 Central Arkansas Bears football team
The 2025 Central Arkansas Bears football team represented the University of Central Arkansas as a member of the United Athletic Conference (UAC) during the 2025 NCAA Division I FCS football season. The Bears were led by eighth-year head coach Nathan Brown and played their home games at the Estes Stadium in Conway, Arkansas.

Central Arkansas hired former professional quarterback and West Jefferson High School offensive coordinator Chase Fourcade as the team's quarterbacks coach, taking over for former offensive coordinator, Ken Collums who moved into a different role.

Estes Stadium
First Security Field at Estes Stadium is a 10,000-seat multi-purpose stadium in Conway, Arkansas. It is home to the Central Arkansas Bears football team, representing the University of Central Arkansas in the NCAA's United Athletic Conference.  The facility opened in 1939. In 2007, university President Lu Hardin announced that corporate sponsorship had been secured for the stadium from a local bank.  As a result, the formal title of the stadium is First Security Field at Estes Stadium. The stadium is named after Dan Estes, who coached the Bears from 1915 to 1932.
Symphony No. 12 (Haydn)
The Symphony No. 12 in E major (Hoboken I/12) is a symphony by Joseph Haydn. The symphony was composed in 1763,  at the age of 31, under the patronage of Prince Nikolaus Esterházy.

It is scored for two oboes, bassoon, two horns, strings, and continuo. The symphony is homotonal and in three movements:

The second movement is in "siciliano", or rocking rhythm, similar to the pastoral slow movements of Symphonies No. 27 and B.

Symphony No. 27 (Haydn)
Joseph Haydn's Symphony No. 27 in G major (Hoboken I/27) was probably written before March 19, 1761, while he was employed by Count Morzin. Its chronological position was assigned by Eusebius Mandyczewski in 1907. Although later adopted by Hoboken, Robbins Landon has subsequently revised the work's likely chronological position  and now believes that the symphony is one of Haydn's earliest, written at roughly the same time as symphonies nos. 15–18. Haydn himself may have labeled the symphony his 16th, although this remains unclear.
Václav Turek
Václav Turek (2 July 1924 – 29 January 1988) was a Czechoslovak painter, graphic artist and sculptor. He created figurative themes and landscape paintings, with a polarization of opinion between abstraction and modern Realism.

Academy of Fine Arts in Prague
The Academy of Fine Arts in Prague (Czech: Akademie výtvarných umění v Praze; AVU) is an art college in Prague, Czech Republic. Founded in 1799, it is the oldest art college in the country. The school offers twelve master's degree programs and one doctoral program.
Giorgio Loredan
Giorgio Loredan (died 1475) was a Venetian nobleman, admiral, military general and politician of the Loredan family, known for investigating political crimes and scandals as head of the Council of Ten.

Great Council of Venice
The Great Council or Major Council (Italian: Maggior Consiglio; Venetian: Mazor Consegio) was a political organ of the Republic of Venice between 1172 and 1797. It was the chief political assembly, responsible for electing many of the other political offices and the senior councils that ran the Republic, passing laws, and exercising judicial oversight. Following the lockout (Serrata) of 1297, its membership was established on hereditary right, exclusive to the patrician families enrolled in the Golden Book of the Venetian nobility.

The Great Council was unique at the time in its usage of lottery to select nominators for proposal of candidates, who were thereafter voted upon.
Christianity in late antiquity
Christianity in late antiquity traces Christianity during the Christian Roman Empire — the period from the rise of Christianity under Emperor Constantine (c. 313), until the fall of the Western Roman Empire (c. 476). The end-date of this period varies because the transition to the sub-Roman period occurred gradually and at different times in different areas. One may generally date late ancient Christianity as lasting to the late 6th century and the re-conquests under Justinian (reigned 527–565) of the Byzantine Empire, though a more traditional end-date is 476, the year in which Odoacer deposed Romulus Augustus, traditionally considered the last western emperor.

Christianity began to spread initially from Roman Judaea without state support or endorsement. It became the state religion of Armenia in either 301 or 314, of Ethiopia in 325, and of Georgia in 337. With the Edict of Thessalonica it became the state religion of the Roman Empire in 380.

God the Father
God the Father is a title given to God in Christianity. In mainstream trinitarian Christianity, God the Father is regarded as the First Person of the Trinity, followed by the Second Person, Jesus Christ the Son, and the Third Person, the Holy Spirit. Since the second century, Christian creeds included affirmation of belief in "God the Father (Almighty)", primarily in his capacity as "Father and creator of the universe".

Christians take the concept of God as the father of Jesus Christ metaphysically further than the concept of God as the creator and father of all people, as indicated in the Apostles' Creed where the expression of belief in the "Father almighty, creator of heaven and earth" is immediately, but separately, followed by "and in Jesus Christ, his only Son, our Lord", thus expressing both senses of fatherhood.
Cream-striped bulbul
The cream-striped bulbul (Ixos leucogrammicus) is a species of songbird in the bulbul family, Pycnonotidae.
It is endemic to western Sumatra (Indonesia).

The cream-striped bulbul was originally described in the genus Ixos and later moved to Pycnonotus, but recent phylogenetic analysis found it as sister to the three Hemixos species, leading to a genus reassignment.
Alternate names for the cream-striped bulbul include the streaked bulbul (not to be confused with Ixos malaccensis), striated bulbul or striated green bulbul (each not to be confused with Pycnonotus striatus) and Sumatran bulbul.

Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

Streaked bulbul
The streaked bulbul (Ixos malaccensis), or green-backed bulbul, is a songbird species in the bulbul family (Pycnonotidae). It is found on the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is becoming rare due to habitat loss.
Quadratic residue
In number theory, an integer q is a quadratic residue modulo n if it is congruent to a perfect square modulo n; that is, if there exists an integer x such that

Otherwise, q is a  quadratic nonresidue modulo n.

Quadratic residues are used in applications ranging from acoustical engineering to cryptography and the factoring of large numbers.

Modulo
In computing and mathematics, the modulo operation returns the remainder or signed remainder of a division, after one number is divided by another, the latter being called the modulus of the operation.

Given two positive numbers a and n, a modulo n (often abbreviated as a mod n) is the remainder of the Euclidean division of a by n, where a is the dividend and n is the divisor.

For example, the expression "5 mod 2" evaluates to 1, because 5 divided by 2 has a quotient of 2 and a remainder of 1, while "9 mod 3" would evaluate to 0, because 9 divided by 3 has a quotient of 3 and a remainder of 0.

Although typically performed with a and n both being integers, many computing systems now allow other types of numeric operands. The range of values for an integer modulo operation of n is 0 to n − 1. a mod 1 is always 0.

When exactly one of a or n is negative, the basic definition breaks down, and programming languages differ in how these values are defined.
Intel 850
The Intel 850 chipset was the first chipset available for the Pentium 4 processor, and was simultaneously released in November 2000.  It consists of an 82850 memory controller hub and an 82801BA I/O controller hub.

This chipset outperforms the AMD 760 chipset with the 266 MHz FSB. Despite using (supposedly) high-performance expensive RDRAM, performance was mediocre at best. In early 2002, this chipset was superseded by the Intel 845, which used slower but much less expensive SDRAM or DDR SDRAM.

The Intel 855 chipset released at the same time as the Pentium M and Celeron M, and the lower Intel 852 chipset are completely different products and are not covered in this article.

I/O Controller Hub
I/O Controller Hub (ICH) is a family of Intel southbridge microchips used to manage data communications between a CPU and a motherboard, specifically Intel chipsets based on the Intel Hub Architecture. It is designed to be paired with a second support chip known as a northbridge. As with any other southbridge, the ICH is used to connect and control peripheral devices.

As CPU speeds increased data transmission between the CPU and support chipset, the support chipset eventually emerged as a bottleneck between the processor and the motherboard. Accordingly, starting with the 2008 Intel 5 Series, a new architecture was used that incorporated some functions of the traditional north and south bridge chips onto the CPU itself, with the remaining functions being consolidated into a single Platform Controller Hub (PCH) and therefore replacing the traditional two chip setup.
Delta Regina Hotel
Delta Regina Hotel is a hotel building located at 1919 Saskatchewan Drive in the Central Business District of Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada. The hotel contains 274 rooms and was completed in 1988; at 25 stories (83.8 m). The hotel opened as a Ramada Renaissance, but is now part of the Delta Hotels chain.  Similar in design to Saskatoon's Radisson Hotel and La Renaissance Apartments.

The building is connected with the Saskatchewan Trade and Convention Centre, Casino Regina, Cornwall Centre shopping centre and Palliser Place seniors' highrise.

Casino Regina
Casino Regina is a casino located on Saskatchewan Drive (formerly South Railway Street) in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada. It operates in the city's former union station, a Tyndall and ashlar stone structure completed in 1912. The casino is owned and operated by Sask Gaming.
1974–75 QMJHL season
The 1974–75 QMJHL season was the sixth season in the history of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League. Ten teams played 72 games each in the schedule. The Sherbrooke Castors finished first overall in the regular season to capture the Jean Rougeau Trophy, and won the President's Cup, defeating the Laval National in the finals.

Jean Rougeau Trophy
The Jean Rougeau Trophy (French: Trophée Jean Rougeau) is awarded annually to the Quebec Maritimes Junior Hockey League team that records the most points in the regular season. The trophy was named for former league president Jean Rougeau.
Holy Cross Cemetery (Culver City, California)
Holy Cross Cemetery is a Catholic cemetery and funeral home at 5835 West Slauson Avenue in Culver City, California, operated by the Los Angeles Archdiocese.

It is partially in the Culver City city limits.

Opened in 1939, Holy Cross comprises 200 acres (81 ha). It contains—amongst others—the graves and tombs of showbusiness professionals. Many celebrities are in the sections near "The Grotto" in the southwest part of the cemetery.

Slauson Avenue
Slauson Avenue is a major east–west thoroughfare traversing the central part of  Los Angeles County, California. It was named for the land developer and Los Angeles Board of Education member J. S. Slauson. It passes through Culver City, Ladera Heights, View Park-Windsor Hills, South Los Angeles, Huntington Park, Maywood, Commerce, Montebello, Pico Rivera, Whittier, and Santa Fe Springs. The street runs 20.9 miles (33.6 km) from  McDonald Street in Culver City and to Santa Fe Springs Road, where it becomes Mulberry Drive in Whittier. Mulberry Drive ends at Scott Avenue in South Whittier.
Mobile Vehicle Engineering Institute
Mobile Vehicle Engineering Institute (Russian: ВНИИТрансмаш, romanized: VNIITransmash) is a company based in Saint Petersburg, Russia. It is currently part of Uralvagonzavod.

It designed and built prototypes of tanks, including the T-80, for the Kirov Plant Production Association. It was involved in the conversion of tank technology for civilian applications. It was also the production facility for the Russian Mars rover, which was developed in concert with the Babakin Center and the Russian Space Research Institute.

Babakin Space Centre
The Babakin Science and Research Space Centre (Russian: Научно-испытательный центр имени Г.Н. Бабакина) is a division of the Lavochkin Design Bureau based in Khimki, Russia. It is managed by them on behalf of Roscosmos. It is named after Georgy N. Babakin, chief designer of the Lavochkin Association from 1965 to 1971.

Its task is to probe space through uncrewed lunar and planetary missions. The spacecraft of the Kosmos 1 mission was built at the centre.
1999–2000 Euro Hockey Tour
The 1999–2000 Euro Hockey Tour was the fourth season of the Euro Hockey Tour. The season consisted of four tournaments, the Česká Pojišťovna Cup, Karjala Tournament, Baltica Brewery Cup, and the Sweden Hockey Games. The games Canada participated in did not count towards the final standings of the tournament.

Sweden Hockey Games
The Beijer Hockey Games (BHG, formerly known as Sweden Hockey Games) is an annual ice hockey tournament held in Sweden as part of the Euro Hockey Tour. It was cancelled after the 2013–14 season. However, on 19 January 2016, the Swedish Ice Hockey Association announced the tournament to be restarted for the 2016–17 season. The tournament was also known as the LG Hockey Games between 2006 and 2011, and the Oddset Hockey Games between 2012 and 2014, while under sponsorship naming rights.
New Brunswick pound
The pound was the currency of New Brunswick until 1860. It was divided into 20 shillings, each of 12 pence, with the dollar (initially the Spanish dollar) circulating at a value of 5/– (the Halifax rating).

Halifax rating
The Halifax rating was a valuation of the Spanish dollar in the £sd accounting system. It set the Spanish dollar at a value of 5 shillings (60 pence) and was established c.1750 in Halifax, Nova Scotia. The rating was set 6 pence higher than the actual silver content of the coins, in an effort to keep the coins in circulation, as there was no advantage to melting the coins for their bullion content.

The Halifax rating was used officially in Upper and Lower Canada until 1841 when the gold standard was adopted for the dollar; however, United Empire Loyalists brought the York rating into Upper Canada, where it persisted well into the 19th century despite its outlawing (in favour of the Halifax rating) in 1796.
2014 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 1500 metre freestyle
The men's 1500 metre freestyle competition at the 2014 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 21 at the Gold Coast Aquatic Centre. The last champion was Ryan Cochrane of Canada.

This event was a timed-final where each swimmer swam just once. The top 8 seeded swimmers swam in the evening, and the remaining swimmers swam in the morning session.

2014 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships
The 2014 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships, also known as the 2014 Hancock Prospecting Pan Pacific Swimming Championships, a long course (50 m) event, was held in Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia, from 21 to 25 August 2014.
Toyota M engine
Toyota Motor Corporation's M family of engines were a longitudinally mounted straight-6 engine design. They were used from the 1960s through the 1990s. All M family engines were OHC designs. While the M family was born with a chain-driven single camshaft it evolved into a belt-driven DOHC system after 1980. All M family engines used a cast-iron block with an aluminum cylinder head, and were built at the Toyota Kamigo plant in Toyota City, Japan.

The M-E variant, available only in the Japanese domestic market, was the first Toyota engine to be equipped with fuel injection (around the same time as the 4-cylinder 18R-E). The 4M-E was the first Toyota engine to be equipped with fuel injection for non-Japanese markets. The M family were Toyota's most prestigious engines (apart from the uncommon V family V8) for over 30 years. They were commonly found on the large Toyota Crown, Mark II, and Supra models.

Toyota R engine
The Toyota R family was a series of inline-four gasoline automobile engines. Designed for longitudinal placement in such vehicles as the Celica and Hilux and in production from 1953 through 1997, usage faded out as many of Toyota's mainstream models moved to front-wheel drive. Overhead cam (OHC) versions featured a chain-driven camshaft.
Grenff
The Grenff, also Grenf, is a 22 km long, right-bank or southeasterly tributary of the Schwalm. It passes through the East Hesse Highlands in North Hesse Schwalm-Eder-Kreis, and belongs to the river system and catchment area of the Weser.

Weser
The Weser (pronounced [ˈveːzɐ] ⓘ) is the second longest river wholly in Germany. The Weser flows from the Thuringian Forest to the North Sea, where it flows into the sea near Bremerhaven.

The Weser begins at Hannoversch Münden through the confluence of the Werra and Fulda. It passes through the Hanseatic city of Bremen. Its mouth is 50 km (31 mi) further north against the ports of Bremerhaven and Nordenham. The latter is on the Butjadingen Peninsula. It then merges into the North Sea via two highly saline, estuarine mouths.

It connects to the canal network running east–west across the North German Plain.

The river, when combined with the Werra (a dialectal form of Weser), is 744 km (462 mi) long and thus, the longest river entirely situated within Germany (the Main, however, is the longest if the Weser-Werra are considered separate). The Weser itself is 452 km (281 mi) long. The Werra rises in Thuringia, the German state south of the main projection (tongue) of Lower Saxony.
Cellphone surveillance
Cellphone surveillance (also known as cellphone spying) may involve tracking, bugging, monitoring, eavesdropping, and recording conversations and text messages on mobile phones. It also encompasses the monitoring of people's movements, which can be tracked using mobile phone signals when phones are turned on.

Mobile phone jammer
A mobile phone jammer or blocker is a device which deliberately transmits signals on the same radio frequencies as mobile phones, disrupting the communication between the phone and the cell-phone base station, effectively disabling mobile phones within the range of the jammer, preventing them from receiving signals and from transmitting them. Jammers can be used in practically any location, but are found primarily in places where a phone call would be particularly disruptive because silence is expected, such as entertainment venues.

Because they disrupt the operations of legitimate mobile phone services, the use of such blocking devices is illegal in many jurisdictions, especially without a licence. When operational, such devices also block access to emergency services.
Anna Plowden
Anna Bridget Plowden (18 June 1938 – 21 August 1997) was a British archaeological conservator and restorer. She has been described as the first scientifically trained conservator to work in the private sector, rather than in a museum or university.

Conservator-restorer
A conservator-restorer is a professional responsible for the preservation of artistic and cultural artifacts, also known as cultural heritage. Conservators possess the expertise to preserve cultural heritage in a way that retains the integrity of the object, building or site, including its historical significance, context and aesthetic or visual aspects. This kind of preservation is done by analyzing and assessing the condition of cultural property, understanding processes and evidence of deterioration, planning collections care or site management strategies that prevent damage, carrying out conservation treatments, and conducting research. A conservator's job is to ensure that the objects in a museum's collection are kept in the best possible condition, as well as to serve the museum's mission to bring art before the public.
Siaqul-e Olya
Siaqul-e Olya (Persian: سياقول عليا, also Romanized as Sīāqūl-e ‘Olyā; also known as Sīāh Gol-e Bālā and Sīāqūl) is a village in Mangur-e Sharqi Rural District, Khalifan District, Mahabad County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 126, in 15 families.

Mangur-e Sharqi Rural District
Mangur-e Sharqi Rural District (Persian: دهستان منگور شرقی) is in Khalifan District of Mahabad County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Abdollah Kordeh. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Hamzehabad.
Sharkia SC
Sharkia Sporting Club, (Arabic: نادي الشرقية الرياضي, romanized: Nādī sh-Sharqiyya r-Riyāḍī, Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [eʃ.ʃæɾˈʔejjæ], locally [eʃ.ʃæɾˈɡejjæ]) is an Egyptian sports club based in Zagazig, El Sharkia, Egypt. The club was founded on 12 January 1961, and is best known for its hockey and football departments.

Zagazig
Zagazig (Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [ez.zæʔæˈziːʔ], locally [ez.zæɡæˈziːɡ]) is a city in Egypt. Situated in the eastern part of the Nile delta, it is the capital of the governorate of Sharqia. It is located on the Muweis Canal and is a hub of the corn and cotton trade. The city contains the Museum of Tal Basta Antiquities, including archaeological exhibits.

The city is home to Zagazig University, founded in 1974, one of the largest universities in Egypt, with colleges in different fields of science and arts. The Archaeological Museum of the University of Zagazig exhibits significant finds from the nearby sites, Bubastis (Tell Basta) and Kufur Nigm. The most notable streets in Zagazig are Farouk Street, Government Street, Abu Hamad and El Kawmia Street.
Idjuniving Island
Idjuniving Island is an uninhabited island in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada. It is located in Davis Strait, southeast of Baffin Island's Cumberland Peninsula and north of Auyuittuq National Park Reserve. Other islands in the immediate vicinity include Alikdjuak Island, Kekerturnak Island, and Nunatsiaq Island.

Baffin Island
Baffin Island (formerly Baffin Land and also James Island), in the Canadian territory of Nunavut, is the largest island in Canada, the second-largest island in the Americas (behind Greenland), and the fifth-largest island in the world. Its area is 507,451 km2 (195,928 sq mi) (slightly smaller than Thailand) with a population density of 0.026/km2 (0.067/sq mi); the population was 13,039 according to the 2021 Canadian census; and it is located at 68°N 70°W﻿ / ﻿68°N 70°W﻿ / 68; -70﻿ (Baffin Island). Iqaluit, the capital of Nunavut, is located on Frobisher Bay on the southern tip of the island.