hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2009 Iranian Air Force Ilyushin Il-76 accident
The 2009 Iranian Air Force Il-76MD Adnan 2 accident occurred on 22 September 2009, when an Ilyushin Il-76MD Adnan 2 crashed during a flyby near the city of Tehran. Sources conflict on the cause of the loss, with some stating that there was a mid-air collision with an Iranian Air Force Northrop F-5E Tiger II or a HESA Saeqeh, and others stating that the rotodome detached from the aircraft, striking and removing the tailplane while the aircraft was manoeuvring for an emergency landing following an engine fire. The crash resulted in the deaths of all seven people on board the plane and the destruction of Iran's only functional airborne early warning and control (AWACS) aircraft.

HESA Saeqeh
The HESA Saeqeh (Persian: صاعقه Sâ'eğe, "Thunderbolt"), alternatively spelled Sa'eqeh; Saegheh, or Saeqeh-80, is an Iranian-built single-seat jet fighter, derived from the American Northrop F-5. A joint product of the Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force and the Iranian Ministry of Defence, it is the second generation of the Iranian Azarakhsh fighter. Saeqeh aircraft were tested successfully in Iran 20 September 2007.
Isocitrate dehydrogenase
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) (EC 1.1.1.42) and (EC 1.1.1.41) is an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate, producing alpha-ketoglutarate (α-ketoglutarate) and CO2. This is a two-step process, which involves oxidation of isocitrate (a secondary alcohol) to oxalosuccinate (a ketone), followed by the decarboxylation of the carboxyl group beta to the ketone, forming alpha-ketoglutarate. In humans, IDH exists in three isoforms: IDH3 catalyzes the third step of the citric acid cycle while converting NAD+ to NADH in the mitochondria. The isoforms IDH1 and IDH2 catalyze the same reaction outside the context of the citric acid cycle and use NADP+ as a cofactor instead of NAD+. They localize to the cytosol as well as the mitochondrion and peroxisome.

Ketone
In organic chemistry, a ketone /ˈkiːtoʊn/ is an organic compound with the structure R−C(=O)−R', where R and R' can be a variety of carbon-containing substituents. Ketones contain a carbonyl group −C(=O)− (a carbon-oxygen double bond C=O). A ketone derived from an alkane is an alkanone. The simplest ketone is acetone (where R and R' are methyl), with the formula (CH3)2CO. Many ketones are of great importance in biology and industry. Examples include many sugars (ketoses), many steroids, e.g., testosterone, and the solvent acetone.
The Fiery Trial
The Fiery Trial: Abraham Lincoln and American Slavery is a 2010 biography of Abraham Lincoln written by the American historian Eric Foner. It focuses on the evolution of Lincoln's stance on slavery in the United States.
The Fiery Trial, which derives its title from Lincoln's Annual Message to Congress of December 1, 1862, was the 22nd book written by Foner, the DeWitt Clinton Professor of History at Columbia University. It was praised by critics and won the 2011 Pulitzer Prize for History, the Bancroft Prize, and the Lincoln Prize.

Bancroft Prize
The Bancroft Prize is awarded each year by the trustees of Columbia University for books about diplomacy or the history of the Americas.

It was established in 1948, with a bequest from Frederic Bancroft, in his memory and that of his brother, diplomat and attorney, Edgar Addison Bancroft.

The Bancroft Prize has been generally considered to be among the most prestigious awards in the field of American history writing. It comes with a $10,000 stipend (raised from $4,000 beginning in 2004). Seventeen winners had their work supported by the National Endowment for the Humanities, and 16 winners were also recipients of the Pulitzer Prize for History.

Following independent investigations, the Bancroft Prize was rescinded from Michael A. Bellesiles after he had received it in 2000.
Salt (Oh Land song)
"Salt" is a song by Danish singer and songwriter Oh Land for her fifth studio album, Family Tree (2019). Oh Land wrote the song with Thomas Bartlett, the sole producer. Her boyfriend, Adi Zukanovic, plays piano on it with Bartlett and Hungarian conductor Peter Pejtsik. The song represents a change in style from her previous work and features a string-led production with Oh Land's distinctive breathy vocals. The lyrics to the song are a metaphor, describing the unpredictable nature of life's events. The song was performed by Oh Land during a live show at Koncerthuset in Copenhagen.

A remix of "Salt", created by American producer Arthur Moon, was released on the two musicians' collaborative remix extended play, Replanting Family Tree (2019). It was self-released as the EP's lead single on 4 September 2019, a week after the initial announcement. The remix is an electropop track with newly-added synths and it received generally favourable reviews from music critics.

Self-publishing
Self-publishing is an author-driven publication of any media without the involvement of a third-party publisher. Since the advent of the internet, self-publishing usually depends on digital platforms and print-on-demand technology, ranging from physical books to eBooks. Examples include magazines, print-on-demand books, music albums, pamphlets, brochures, video games, video content, artwork, zines, and web fiction. Self-publishing is an alternative to traditional publishing that has implications for production, cost and revenue, distribution, and public perception.
Area code 585
Area code 585 is the telephone area code in the North American Numbering Plan for the city of Rochester and eight surrounding counties in Western New York state. The area code was activated on November 15, 2001, when the numbering plan area of area code 716 was reduced in geographic reach in an area code split. Previously, Rochester had shared 716 with Buffalo. Aside from new area codes created in the New York City metropolitan area and Long Island, 585 was the second new area code in the state since 1954, having been preceded by 845 in 2000.

The border between 716 and 585 roughly matches county lines. Therefore, some ZIP codes have telephone numbers in two area codes. A significant part of Ontario County uses area codes 315 and 680. Part of the town of Farmington is north of the NY Thruway (Interstate 90), and is "joined" with Wayne County in the 315/680 area code.

As of October 2023, the area code is not expected to require relief until at least 2029.

Area codes 315 and 680
Area codes 315 and 680 are telephone area codes of the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) for the north-central area of the U.S. state of New York. Area code 315 was installed as one of the original North American area codes in 1947, while area code 680 was added to the numbering plan area (NPA) in an overlay plan in 2017.

The service area extends from the western side of Wayne County to Little Falls, north to the Canada–United States border, east to Massena and south to near Cortland.  Most of the area's population lives in Syracuse and its suburbs.  Other major population areas include Utica and Watertown.
Richard Partridge
Richard Partridge FRS, FRCS (19 January 1805, in Ross-on-Wye, Herefordshire – 25 March 1873, in London) was a British surgeon. Although he became President of both the Royal College of Surgeons and the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society, he is best known for his part in apprehending the London Burkers gang and for failing to spot a bullet lodged in Giuseppe Garibaldi's leg.

He was the tenth child and youngest son of twelve children of Samuel Partridge, a Glaswegian merchant who moved to Ross-on-Wye in his retirement. His eldest brother was the portrait painter, John Partridge.

Royal College of Surgeons of England
The Royal College of Surgeons of England (RCS England) is an independent professional body and registered charity that promotes and advances standards of surgical care for patients, and regulates surgery and dentistry in England and Wales. The college is located at Lincoln's Inn Fields in London. It publishes multiple medical journals including the Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, the Faculty Dental Journal, and the Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England.
John Small (British Army officer)
Major-General John Small (13 March 1726 – 17 March 1796) was a British Army officer who played a key role in raising and leading the 84th Regiment of Foot (Royal Highland Emigrants) during the American Revolutionary War. After the war, he settled with many of the men of the 84th Regiment in Douglas Township, Hants County, Nova Scotia.  He later returned to Britain. He was appointed as Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey and promoted to major general, serving from 1793 until his death in 1796.

Small is featured as one of the central figures in American artist John Trumbull's notable painting, The Death of General Warren at the Battle of Bunker's Hill, June 17, 1775; versions were completed in the early 19th century. Small is shown deflecting a bayonet away from Joseph Warren, who had been a  friend before the hostilities broke out.

Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey
The lieutenant governor of Guernsey is the representative of the British monarch in the Bailiwick of Guernsey, a Crown dependency of the British Crown. The role of the lieutenant governor is to act as the de facto head of state in Guernsey and as liaison between the governments of Guernsey and the United Kingdom. The holder of this office is also ex officio a member of the States of Guernsey but may not vote and, by convention, speaks in the Chamber only on appointment and on departure from post. The duties are primarily diplomatic and ceremonial. He has the authority to appoint two members of the board of governors of Elizabeth College and the Priaulx Library.

The lieutenant governor has his own flag in Guernsey, the Union Flag defaced with the Bailiwick's coat of arms.
Ibn Masal
Najm al-Din Abu'l-Fath Salim/Sulayman ibn Muhammad al-Lukki al-Maghribi (Arabic: ﻧﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﺳﻠﻴﻢ/ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻜﻲ, romanized: Najm al-Dīn Abu’l-Fatḥ Salīm/Sulaymān ibn Muḥammad al-Lukkī al-Maghribī),  better known as Ibn Masal (Arabic: ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺼﺎﻝ, romanized: Ibn Maṣāl), was a military commander and official of the Fatimid Caliphate, who served briefly as the de facto vizier of the Caliphate from 1144/45 until he was overthrown and killed by al-Adil ibn al-Sallar and his supporters in the winter of 1149/50.

Vizier (Fatimid Caliphate)
The vizier (Arabic: وزير, romanized: wazīr) was the senior minister of the Fatimid Caliphate for most of the Egyptian period of its existence. Originally it was held by civilian officials who acted as the chief civilian ministers of the caliphs, analogous to the original model established by the Abbasids. When a vizier was not appointed, an "intermediary" (wāsiṭa) was designated instead. The enfeeblement of the caliph's power and the crisis of the Fatimid regime under Caliph al-Mustansir, however, led to the rise of military strongmen, who dominated the post from the 1070s until the caliphate's end. These "viziers of the sword" were also commanders-in-chief of the army who effectively sidelined the caliphs and ruled in their stead, often seizing power from their predecessors. The last vizier, Saladin, abolished the Fatimid Caliphate in 1171 (see Saladin in Egypt).
Ben Adams
Benjamin Skjoldnes Adams (born 22 November 1981) is a British singer and songwriter from Ascot, England. He represented Norway in the Eurovision Song Contest 2022 along with Gaute Ormåsen as a part of pop band Subwoolfer. He is also known as the lead singer of the British-Norwegian boy band A1.

Ascot, Berkshire
Ascot (/ˈæskət, -ɒt/) is a town in the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead, in Berkshire, England. It is 6 miles (9.7 km) south of Windsor, 4 miles (6.4 km) east of Bracknell and 25 miles (40 km) west of London.

It is most notable as the location of Ascot Racecourse, home of the Royal Ascot meeting. Its average house price of £1,019,451, as of June 2021, makes it the 13th most expensive town in England. It is also among the ten most expensive towns in Britain to rent a property. The town comprises three areas: Ascot itself, North Ascot and South Ascot. It is in the civil parish of Sunninghill and Ascot.
Miss Andretti
Miss Andretti was the 2007 Australian Champion Racehorse of the Year and is the only Thoroughbred in racing history to simultaneously hold a total of five track records in Australia and England. In 2023, Miss Andretti was inducted into the Australian Racing Hall of Fame.

Fastnet Rock (horse)
Fastnet Rock (22 September 2001 – 8 September 2025) was an Australian Thoroughbred racehorse stallion.

Sired by Danehill to dam Piccadilly Circus, he started his racing career in 2004. Though he did not win any races as a two-year-old, he ran third in the Group One AJC Sires Produce Stakes. He found great success after turning three years old. After being unplaced in the Caulfield Guineas, he proved himself as one of the top Australian sprinters by winning the Group 1 Lightning Stakes and Oakleigh Plate in February 2005.

Trainer Paul Perry wished Fastnet Rock to repeat the successful English campaign by Choisir, who was trained by Perry, in 2003. After he ran second in the T J Smith Stakes in March 2005, Fastnet Rock was sent to the United Kingdom to prepare for the Group 1 Golden Jubilee Stakes and July Cup. He suffered from travel sickness and was unable to run in any race in the UK and was retired to stud. Fastnet Rock was euthanised on 8 September 2025, aged 23.
Tia Nelson
Tia Lee Nelson (born June 21, 1956) is an American academic, environmental activist, and public servant from the state of Wisconsin. She has held several high-profile positions at The Nature Conservancy, served as Executive Secretary of the Wisconsin Board of Commissioners of Public Lands, and is currently managing director of the Climate program at the Outrider Foundation. Nelson is the daughter of former United States Senator and Governor Gaylord Nelson, the founder of Earth Day.

The Nature Conservancy
The Nature Conservancy (TNC) is a global environmental organization headquartered in Arlington, Virginia, United States. As of 2021, it works via affiliates or branches in 79 countries and territories, as well as across every state in the US.

Founded in 1951, The Nature Conservancy has over one million members globally as of 2021 and has protected more than 119 million acres (48 million ha) of land in its history. As of 2014, it is the largest environmental non-profit organization by assets and revenue in the Americas.
Mexcala synagelese
Mexcala synagelese is  a species of jumping spider in the genus Mexcala that lives in Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Nigeria and Sudan. The spider was first defined in 2009 by Wanda Wesołowska, one of over 500 that the arachnologist described during her career. It mimics ants and ant-like wasps, living alongside and preying upon them. The spider is medium-sized, with a dark brown carapace between 2.7 and 3.2 mm (0.11 and 0.13 in) long and a pale brown to dark brown abdomen between 3.2 and 4.0 mm (0.13 and 0.16 in) long. The male has three strips on its abdomen while the female has a more complex pattern of dark bands and light patches. The spider has long thin brown legs. It has good eyesight, which it uses when hunting and also during courtship. The male palpal bulb has a long tibial apophysis, or spike, that curves in towards the bulb. The female epigyne has two shallow depressions and short seminal ducts that lead to long receptacles.

Arachnology
Arachnology (from Ancient Greek ἀράχνη (arákhnē), meaning "spider", and λόγος (lógos), meaning "study") is the scientific study of arachnids, which comprise spiders and related invertebrates such as scorpions, pseudoscorpions, harvestmen, ticks, and mites. Those who study spiders and other arachnids are arachnologists. More narrowly, the study of spiders alone (order Araneae) is known as araneology.

The word "arachnology" from Ancient Greek ἀράχνη (arákhnē), meaning "spider", and λόγος (lógos), meaning "study". The Ancient Greek word for "spider" itself refers to Arachne, the female protagonist of an ancient tale of the Greek Mythology.
Primal Fear (film)
Primal Fear is a 1996 American legal thriller film directed by Gregory Hoblit, based on the 1993 novel of the same name by William Diehl, written by Steve Shagan and Ann Biderman. It stars Richard Gere, Laura Linney, John Mahoney, Alfre Woodard, Frances McDormand, and Edward Norton in his film debut. The film follows a Chicago-based defense attorney who believes that his client, an altar boy, is not guilty of murdering a Catholic bishop.

The film was a box office success and received positive reviews, with Norton's performance earning critical praise. Norton won the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture, and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor and the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role.

Altar server
An altar server is a lay assistant to a member of the clergy during a Christian liturgy. An altar server attends to supporting tasks at the altar such as fetching and carrying, ringing the altar bell, helping bring up the gifts (the bread and wine to become the body and blood of Jesus Christ) and bringing up the liturgical books, among other things. If young, the server is commonly called an altar boy or altar girl. In some Christian denominations, altar servers are known as acolytes.
Berwind-White Coal Mining Co. v. Chicago & Erie Railroad Co.
Berwind-White Coal Mining Company v. Chicago and Erie Railroad Company, 235 U.S. 371 (1914), was a United States Supreme Court case involving a suit over demurrage of an Erie Railroad car used by Berwind-White Coal Mining Company to transport coal. The Court asserted that the filing of rates with the Interstate Commerce Commission complied with the notice requirements of the Act to Regulate Commerce and the point of reconsignment was clear under the company's usual practice for many years.

Interstate Commerce Commission
The Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) was a regulatory agency in the United States created by the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887. The agency's original purpose was to regulate railroads (and later trucking) to ensure fair rates, to eliminate rate discrimination, and to regulate other aspects of common carriers, including interstate bus lines and telephone companies. Beginning in 1906, Congress expanded the ICC's authority to regulate other modes of commerce. The Commission's five members were appointed by the president with the consent of the United States Senate. This was the first independent agency (or so-called Fourth Branch).

Over the course of the latter half of the 20th century, Congress took away many of the ICC's powers and reassigned them to other federal agencies. Congress eventually abolished the ICC in 1995 and transferred its remaining functions to a new agency, the Surface Transportation Board.
MFN2
Mitofusin-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MFN2 gene. Mitofusins are GTPases embedded in the outer membrane of the mitochondria. In mammals MFN1 and MFN2 are essential for mitochondrial fusion. In addition to the mitofusins, OPA1 regulates inner mitochondrial membrane fusion, and DRP1 is responsible for mitochondrial fission.

Mitofusin-2 (MFN2) is a mitochondrial membrane protein that plays a central role in regulating mitochondrial fusion and cell metabolism. More specifically, MFN2 is a dynamin-like GTPase embedded in the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) which in turn affects mitochondrial dynamics, distribution, quality control, and function.

In addition to the MFN2, OPA1 regulates inner mitochondrial membrane fusion, MFN1 is a mediator of mitochondrial fusion and DRP1 is responsible for mitochondrial fission.

MFN1
Mitofusin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MFN1 gene.

The protein encoded by this gene is a mediator of mitochondrial fusion. This protein and mitofusin 2 are homologs of the Drosophila protein fuzzy onion (Fzo). They are mitochondrial membrane proteins that interact with each other to facilitate mitochondrial targeting.
Tranquility (novel)
Tranquility (Hungarian: A nyugalom) is a 2001 novel by Attila Bartis, published by Magvető. His second novel, Tranquility is considered Bartis's most famous work. Set in communist-era Budapest, Tranquility is a psychological novel about a writer and his dysfunctional relationship with his mother and two other women, and is noted for its bleak storyline and its vulgar depictions of violence and sexual activity. Tranquility was adapted into film, titled Nyugalom (2008), directed by Róbert Alföldi. Originally published in Hungarian by Magvető, it was later translated into English by Imre Goldstein and published in 2008 by Archipelago Books. It was the first time Bartis's work had been translated into English. Goldstein's translation won the Best Translated Book Award (2009).

As of 2019, Tranquility has been translated into Spanish, Bulgarian, Polish, German, Romanian, Turkish, English, Estonian, Swedish, Czech, Dutch, Chinese, Russian, Italian, Portuguese and Arabic.

Róbert Alföldi
Róbert Alföldi (born 22 November 1967) is a Hungarian actor, director and  television host. He was the director of  the Hungarian National Theater for five years from 1 July 2008  until 2013.

He is best known for his numerous controversial theatrical adaptations as a director and for his television appearance in X-Faktor. His art was rewarded with several national prizes and professional recognitions. In 2014 the Hungarian edition of Forbes named him at number 1 in its List of The 100 Most Valuable Hungarian Celebrities.
Giuseppe Mura
Giuseppe Mura (born 6 November 1943) is a retired Italian boxer who won a gold medal at the 1967 Mediterranean Games in the bantamweight category. Next year he competed at the Mexico Olympics, but was eliminated in the third round by the eventual bronze medalist Samuel Mbugua. After the Olympics he turned professional, and won a national super featherweight title in August 1975. He lost it in December 1975 and retired from boxing.

Samuel Mbugua
Samuel Mbugua (born 1 January 1946) is a retired boxer from Kenya, who won the bronze medal in the lightweight division (– 60 kg) at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany. In the semifinals he was defeated by Poland's eventual gold medalist Jan Szczepański (walk-over).
Eugene Souleiman
Eugene Souleiman is a British hairstylist. Described as "one of fashion’s most prolific hair stylists" by Another Magazine, he styled for celebrities including Lady Gaga and worked with prominent fashion houses like Prada, Alexander McQueen, Maison Margiela, Yohji Yamamoto, Celine, and Chanel

Yohji Yamamoto
Yohji Yamamoto (山本 耀司, Yamamoto Yōji; born 3 October 1943) is a Japanese fashion designer based in Tokyo and Paris. He is considered a master tailor, alongside those such as Madeleine Vionnet, and is best known for his avant-garde tailoring featuring Japanese design aesthetics.

Yamamoto has won notable awards for his contributions to fashion, including the Chevalier/Officier/Commandeur of Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, Medal of Honor with Purple Ribbon, the Ordre national du Mérite, the Royal Designer for Industry and the Master of Design award by Fashion Group International.