hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jianchuan Road station
Jianchuan Road (simplified Chinese: 剑川路; traditional Chinese: 劍川路; pinyin: Jiànchuān Lù) is an above-ground station on Line 5 of the Shanghai Metro. Located at the intersection of Humin Highway and Jianchuan Road in the city's Minhang District, the station opened with the rest of the first phase of Line 5 on 25 November 2003. Between 28 December 2018 and 26 December 2020, passengers who wish to travel to stations on the branch line of Line 5 between Dongchuan Road and Minhang Development Zone stations must transfer to four-car trains at Dongchuan Road station. Since 26 December 2020, both the main and the branch line trains run all the way to Xinzhuang with no shuttle service.

Minhang Development Zone station
Minhang Development Zone (simplified Chinese: 闵行开发区; traditional Chinese: 閔行開發區; pinyin: Mǐnháng Kāifāqū) is a metro station on Line 5 of the Shanghai Metro. It is the current southern terminus of the line, and is located in the suburban Minhang District. The zone is about 3.5 km2 (1.4 sq mi) in size and was opened in 1986. The location is close to the Outer-ringway giving the zone quick access to both airports of the city.  The opening of Line 5 has significantly improved access to the central districts of Shanghai.

The station is located along the branch service of Line 5, which operates between this station and Dongchuan Road. Passengers can transfer to the main line at Dongchuan Road. However, since 26 December 2020, this is not the case, as trains have resumed service all the way to Xinzhuang.

The zone contains factories for companies that produce machinery, electronics, pharmaceuticals, beverages and entertainment products.
Siege of Cartagena (1815)
The siege of Cartagena (1815) (Spanish: Asedio español de Cartagena de Indias) was a successful 105-day Spanish siege by combined naval and ground forces under command of General Pablo Morillo, of the Colombian city and fortress of Cartagena de Indias, defended by Republican forces under the leadership of Manuel del Castillo y Rada and José Francisco Bermúdez, between August and December 1815.

José Francisco Bermúdez
José Francisco Bermúdez (23 January 1782, Cariaco – 15 December 1831, Cumaná) was a Venezuelan revolutionary and military officer. A prominent lieutenant of Simón Bolívar, he fought in the Venezuelan War of Independence and rose to the rank of General. He is buried in the National Pantheon of Venezuela.

A municipality (Bermúdez Municipality) and an airport (General José Francisco Bermúdez Airport), both located in his native Sucre State, are named in his honour.
USS St. George (AV-16)
USS St. George (AV-16) was a Kenneth Whiting-class seaplane tender in the United States Navy.

St. George was laid down on 4 August 1943 by the Seattle-Tacoma Shipbuilding Corporation, Tacoma, Washington, launched on 14 February 1944, sponsored by Mrs. Alfred E. Montgomery; and commissioned on 24 July 1944.

Seaplane tender
A seaplane tender is a boat or ship that supports the operation of seaplanes. Some of these vessels, known as seaplane carriers, could not only carry seaplanes but also provided all the facilities needed for their operation; these ships are regarded by some as the first aircraft carriers and appeared just before the First World War.
Brandon Waddell
Brandon David Waddell (born June 3, 1994) is an American professional baseball pitcher in the New York Mets organization. He has previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Pittsburgh Pirates, Minnesota Twins, Baltimore Orioles, and St. Louis Cardinals, in the KBO League for the Doosan Bears, and in the Chinese Professional Baseball League (CPBL) for the Rakuten Monkeys. He made his MLB debut in 2020.

KBO League
The KBO League (Korean: KBO 리그) is a professional baseball league in South Korea. The league comprises ten teams. The KBO League was founded with six franchises in 1982 and is the most popular sports league in South Korea. The Kia Tigers are the most successful team, having won 12 of the 44 championships.

In comparison with American Major League Baseball, ESPN reports that the KBO level of play "appears to be somewhere between Double-A and Triple-A, on average, though the best players are more likely to be MLB-quality than your typical Double-A league." Historically, the KBO is known for its vocal and exuberant fan base, as well as the widespread practice of bat flips (ppa-dun (Korean: 빠던), a portmanteau of the "first syllables of the words for 'bat' and 'throw'") by hitters after striking what they think will be a home run. In the KBO, the bat flipping tradition dates to the 1990s.
James H. Akin
Major James H. Akin (1832–1911) was an American Confederate veteran, farmer and politician. He served as a Democratic member of the Tennessee House of Representatives in 1899, representing Williamson County, Tennessee.

Tennessee House of Representatives
The Tennessee House of Representatives is the lower house of the Tennessee General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Tennessee. The House convenes, along with the Senate, at the Tennessee State Capitol in Nashville.
Anil Koul
Anil Koul (born 1 June 1972) is a scientist and former Director of India's CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH). He is also the vice president and Head of Global Public Health discovery at Johnson & Johnson. He is member of Board of Directors of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, the European subsidiary of J&J. He is also a professor of Translational Discovery at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM).

His major scientific career achievement is his key role in the discovery and development of a new tuberculosis drug, bedaquiline, the first drug approved in 45 years for treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Koul has been awarded a number of awards for his contribution to discovery of Bedaquiline.

Bedaquiline
Bedaquiline, sometimes abbreviated as BDQ and sold under the brand name Sirturo, is a medication used for the treatment of active tuberculosis. Specifically, it is used to treat multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis along with other medications for tuberculosis. It is taken by mouth.

Common side effects include nausea, joint pains, headaches, and chest pain. Serious side effects include QT prolongation, liver dysfunction, and an increased risk of death. While harm during pregnancy has not been found, it has not been well studied in this population. It is in the diarylquinoline antimycobacterial class of medications. It works by blocking the ability of M. tuberculosis to make adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP).

Bedaquiline was approved for medical use in the United States in 2012. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
Montana Arctic grayling
The Montana Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus montanus) is a North American freshwater fish in the salmon family, Salmonidae. The Montana Arctic grayling, native to the upper Missouri River basin in Montana and Wyoming, is considered a disjunct population or subspecies of the widespread Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus).

It occurs in both fluvial (river-dwelling) and adfluvial, lacustrine (lake-dwelling) forms. The Montana grayling is designated as a species of special concern in Montana, and previously held candidate status for listing under the U.S. Endangered Species Act.

A comprehensive status review by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service concluded in 2014 that listing the population as threatened or endangered was not warranted.

Today, remnant native populations in the Big Hole River and Red Rock River drainages represent approximately four percent of the subspecies’ historical range.

Big Hole River
The Big Hole River is a tributary of the Jefferson River, approximately 153 miles (246 km) long, in Beaverhead County, in southwestern Montana, United States. It is the last habitat in the contiguous United States for native fluvial Arctic grayling and is a historically popular destination for fly fishing, especially for trout.
Scoliopus
Scoliopus, or fetid adderstongue, is a genus of plant within the family Liliaceae consisting of two species, Scoliopus bigelovii and S. hallii. Both are found in deep shaded forests, primarily in the coastal counties of the western United States from central California to northern Oregon. The name "Scoliopus" derives from the Greek words skolios and pous, meaning curved foot, a reference to the shape of the pedicel. Taxonomists believe that Scoliopus is closely related to Calochortus, Prosartes, Streptopus and Tricyrtis, which all have creeping rhizomes as well as styles that divide at the tip.

Streptopus
Streptopus is a Eurasian and North American genus of flowering plants in the lily family, found primarily in colder and temperate regions. Members of the genus are often referred to as twistedstalk. It is one of the shade-loving genera of the lily family.

Streptopus spp. are perennial herbs spreading by means of underground rhizomes. They generally produce flowers only one or two at a time, these being often small and hidden beneath the leaves and white, greenish-yellow or rose in colour.
Halocline
A halocline (or salinity chemocline), from the Greek words hals (salt) and klinein (to slope), refers to a layer within a body of water (water column) where there is a sharp change in salinity (salt concentration) with depth.

Haloclines are typically found in oceans or large estuaries and it is a type of chemical stratification that is most commonly found in places where freshwater from rivers or melting ice, mixes with salty ocean water.

Thermocline
A thermocline (also known as the thermal layer or the metalimnion in lakes) is
a distinct layer based on temperature within a large body of fluid (e.g. water, as in an ocean or lake; or air, e.g. an atmosphere) with a high gradient of distinct temperature differences associated with depth. In the ocean, the thermocline divides the upper mixed layer from the calm deep water below.

Depending largely on season, latitude, and turbulent mixing by wind, thermoclines may be a semi-permanent feature of the body of water in which they occur, or they may form temporarily in response to phenomena such as the radiative heating/cooling of surface water during the day/night. Factors that affect the depth and thickness of a thermocline include seasonal weather variations, latitude, and local environmental conditions, such as tides and currents.
Gangavadi
Gangavadi is a historical region in southern Karnataka, India, corresponding broadly to the present-day districts of Mysuru, Mandya, and Chamarajanagar. It formed the heartland of the Western Ganga dynasty (c. 350–1000 CE) and retained its identity under later dynasties such as the Cholas, Hoysalas, and the Vijayanagara Empire. The name is preserved in inscriptions, literary references, and local tradition, though it is no longer used as an administrative division.

Chamarajanagar district
Chamarajanagar district or Chamarajanagara is the southernmost district in the state of Karnataka, India. It was carved out of the original larger Mysore District in 15th August 1997. Chamarajanagar town is the headquarters of this district. Chamarajannagar district was located in most southern part of Karnataka.

It is the third least populous district in Karnataka (out of 30), after Kodagu and Bangalore Rural.
Bait (1950 film)
Bait is a 1950 British second feature ('B') crime film directed and produced by Frank Richardson and starring Diana Napier, John Bentley, Willoughby Goddard and John Oxford. It was written by Mary Benedetta, Francis Miller and Richardson, based on the latter's stage play.  It was produced by Adelphi Films. A gang steals some diamonds, sells them on the black market and then plan to steal them back again.

John Bentley (actor)
John Bentley (2 December 1916 – 13 August 2009) was a British film actor. He had a successful career as a leading man from the 1940s to the late '50s and was a popular heart-throb who appeared in many British B-movies during that time. Later in his career, in the 1970s he appeared as Hugh Mortimer, Meg Richardson's ill-fated third husband in the English soap opera Crossroads. He also starred in the jungle adventure series African Patrol (1957) as Chief Inspector Paul Derek and made various other guest appearances in many popular TV series from the late 50s onwards.

John Bentley was also an accomplished singer and stage actor.
Neponsit Beach Hospital
Neponsit Beach Hospital, also known as Neponsit Beach Hospital for Children, Neponsit Hospital, Neponsit Children's Hospital, and various other names, was a former municipal tuberculosis sanatorium located adjacent to Jacob Riis Park and the Neponsit community on the western end of the Rockaway peninsula in Queens, New York City. Originally oriented towards the treatment of children, the hospital treated military veterans during and after World War II, but closed in 1955 due to a declining need for tuberculosis hospitals. Afterwards, it operated as the Neponsit Home for the Aged, later the Neponsit Health Care Center, a city-run nursing home until its controversial closure in 1998. The hospital was demolished in 2023.

NYC Health + Hospitals
NYC Health + Hospitals, officially the New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation (HHC), operates the public hospitals and clinics in New York City as a public benefit corporation. NYC Health + Hospitals is the largest municipal health system in the United States with about 45,000 employees. Its main mission is to ensure healthcare access through its network of safety net hospitals, long-term/rehabilitation centers and outpatient clinics.

HHC was created in 1969 by the New York State Legislature as a public benefit corporation. It is similar to a municipal agency, but has a board of directors.
Stephen (honorific)
The name Stephen (Serbo-Croatian: Stefan / Стефан, Stjepan / Стјепан, Stipan / Стипан, and others), long popular among South Slavic monarchs, was used as an honorific or as a royal title. It was used by various rulers, like the Trpimirović kings of Croatia, Nemanjić kings of Serbia and the Kotromanić kings of Bosnia.

Trpimirović dynasty
The Trpimirović dynasty (Croatian: Trpimirovići) was a native Croatian dynasty that ruled in the Duchy and later the Kingdom of Croatia, with interruptions by the Domagojević dynasty from 845 until 1091. It was named after Trpimir I, the first member and founder. The most prominent rulers of the Trpimirović Dynasty include Tomislav (first king of Croatia), Petar Krešimir IV and Demetrius Zvonimir. The house gave four dukes, thirteen kings and a queen.
Marián Kello
Marián Kello (born 5 September 1982) is a Slovak former international footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Kello played for 1. FC Košice, FC Vítkovice, FBK Kaunas, Heart of Midlothian, Astra Giurgiu, Wolverhampton Wanderers, St Mirren, Aris Limassol and has represented Slovakia.

Aris Limassol FC
Aris Limassol (Greek: Άρης Λεμεσού) is a professional Cypriot football club based in Limassol and one of the founder members of Cyprus Football Association. The club's colours are green, black and white, and their home is the Alphamega Stadium. Founded in 1930, Aris Limassol is one of the most historic football clubs of Limassol.

The club also maintains teams in other sports including basketball, table tennis, darts, bowling and chess. The Aris chess team dominated Cypriot chess in the 1980s.
Deep End (band)
Deep End was a short-lived supergroup founded by guitarist Pete Townshend of the Who and featuring David Gilmour of Pink Floyd. The group also included drummer Simon Phillips, bassist Chucho Merchán, percussionist Jody Linscott, keyboardist John "Rabbit" Bundrick, harmonica player Peter Hope Evans, vocalists Billy Nicholls, Cleveland Watkiss, Chyna, and a brass ensemble called the Kick Horns.

Medicine Head
Medicine Head were a British blues rock band – initially a duo – active in the 1970s. Their biggest single success was in 1973 with "One and One Is One", which reached number 3 on the UK Singles Chart. The group recorded six original albums, the first three of which were released by John Peel's Dandelion label.
Ken Owens
Kenneth James Owens (born 3 January 1987) is a former Welsh rugby union player who played as a hooker for the Scarlets and Wales. He made his debut for the Scarlets in 2006, taking over from Matthew Rees as their first-choice hooker upon Rees' departure for the Cardiff Blues in 2013. He also served as backup to Rees, among others, for Wales following his debut against Namibia at the 2011 Rugby World Cup. In 2016, he took over as Wales' first-choice hooker, and in January 2023, following almost a year out with a back injury, he was named as captain for the 2023 Six Nations Championship.

Namibia national rugby union team
The Namibia national rugby union team (nicknamed the Welwitschias) represents Namibia in men's international rugby union competitions. They are a tier-two nation in the World Rugby tier system, and have participated in seven Rugby World Cup competitions since their first appearance in 1999. They are governed by the Namibia Rugby Union.

Namibia has been playing international rugby since the early 1900s. As well as having competed at the World Cup, Namibia competes annually in the Africa Cup. Until independence, players for Namibia were also eligible to represent South Africa, with Namibian-born Springboks including Jan Ellis.
Carlo Paalam
Carlo Paalam (Tagalog pronunciation: [pɐˈʔalɐm]; born July 16, 1998) is a Filipino amateur boxer. He made his Olympic debut and won silver medal in the flyweight division at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan.

Ryomei Tanaka
Ryomei Tanaka (田中亮明, Tanaka Ryōmei, born 13 October 1993) is a Japanese boxer. He won bronze medals flyweight division in the men's flyweight event at the 2020 Summer Olympics. His younger brother, Kosei is a former WBO triple world champion.
Hanover Heights Neighborhood Historic District
The Hanover Heights Historic District area was developed between 1912 and 1930. It is a 15.5 acres (6.3 ha) district containing 90 contributing buildings located between State Line Road and Rainbow Boulevard to Olathe Boulevard and West 43rd Avenue in Kansas City, Kansas. It was placed on Register of Historic Kansas Places on December 2, 1989. It was placed on National Register of Historic Places on May 17, 1990.

In September 2012, it became the center point for The Kansas City Startup Village (KCSV), an entrepreneur-led, organic, grassroots initiative helping to solidify Kansas City as a premiere startup city in America. The KCSV operates under the Twitter username @KCSV and hashtag #KCSV. Google Fiber Ignites Kansas City Startup Scene

The district includes the Judge Louis R. Gates Residence (c. 1922–1923), a Prairie style residence at 4146 Cambridge Street, designed by Clarence Shepard, which was separately listed on the National Register in 1980.

Judge Louis Gates House
The Judge Louis R. Gates House is located at 4146 Cambridge Street in Kansas City, Kansas. Clarence E. Shepard was the architect of this example of a Prairie School residence. It was placed on the Register of Historic Kansas Places on July 3, 1979, and on the National Register of Historic Places on December 1, 1980. It was designated a Kansas City Historic Landmark on August 26, 1982.

It is a two-story Prairie School house with a hipped roof, wide eaves, and a side entrance porch.  The main portion is 25 by 38 feet (7.6 m × 11.6 m) in plan;  a 7 by 15 feet (2.1 m × 4.6 m) one-story extension to the rear holds a breakfast room and a rear entrance.
Liu Daqun
Liu Daqun (simplified Chinese: 刘大群; traditional Chinese: 劉大群; pinyin: Liú Dàqún born 20 September 1950, in China) is a Chinese judge and diplomat who served as a judge of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia from 2000 to 2017 and a judge of the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals since 2012.

International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals
The International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals (abbreviated to IRMCT or MICT, or the Mechanism) is an international court established by the United Nations Security Council in 2010 to perform the remaining functions of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) following the completion of those tribunals' respective mandates. It is based in both Arusha, Tanzania, and The Hague, Netherlands.
St Mary's College, St Andrews
St Mary's College, founded as New College or College of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, is the home of the Faculty and School of Divinity within the University of St Andrews, in Fife, Scotland.

Divinity (academic discipline)
Divinity is the study of Christian theology and ministry at a school, divinity school, university, or seminary.  The term is sometimes a synonym for theology as an academic, speculative pursuit, and sometimes is used for the study of applied theology and ministry to make a distinction between that and academic theology.

While it most often refers to Christian study which is linked with the professional degrees for ordained ministry or related work, it is also used in an academic setting by other faith traditions. For example, in many traditional British public schools and universities, the term is often used in place of Religious Studies, which deals with religion more broadly, to describe classes that include theology and philosophy in the context of religion as a whole, rather than just the Christian tradition.
2018 West Bengal by-elections
Two by-elections were held in West Bengal on 29 January 2018 following the death of the incumbents Member of Noapara (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Madhusudan Ghose of the Indian National Congress and Uluberia (Lok Sabha constituency) M.P Sultan Ahmed (politician) of All India Trinamool Congress).

Sultan Ahmed (Indian politician)
Sultan Ahmed (Bengali: সুলতান আহমেদ) (6 June 1953 – 4 September 2017) was an Indian politician and the Union Minister of State for Tourism in the Manmohan Singh government. He was elected to the 15th Lok Sabha from Uluberia (Lok Sabha constituency) on a Trinamool Congress ticket. He had previously been a 2-time Congress MLA for Entally (in 1987–91 and once again in 1996–2001).
Maxine Greene
Sarah Maxine Greene (née Meyer; December 23, 1917 – May 29, 2014) was an American educational philosopher, author, social activist, and teacher. Described upon her death as "perhaps the most iconic and influential living figure associated with Teachers College, Columbia University", she was a pioneer for women in the field of philosophy of education, often being the sole woman presenter at educational philosophy conferences as well as the second woman elected as president of the Philosophy of Education Society in 1967. Additionally, she was the third woman to preside over the American Educational Research Association in 1981.

American Educational Research Association
The American Educational Research Association (AERA, /ˈɛərə/, AIR-ə) is a professional organization representing education researchers in the United States and around the world.

Founded in 1916, the organization represents a range of disciplines, including education, psychology, statistics, sociology, history, economics, philosophy, anthropology, and political science.

AERA has 25,000 members, including scientists, teachers, students, administrators, representatives of state and local agencies, counselors, and evaluators.

AERA's mission is to advance knowledge about education and promote the use of research in educational practices both nationally and abroad.