hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Employer transportation benefits in the United States
An employer in the United States may provide transportation benefits to their employees that are tax free up to a certain limit. Under the U.S. Internal Revenue Code section 132(a), the qualified transportation benefits are one of the eight types of statutory employee benefits (also known as fringe benefits) that are excluded from gross income in calculating federal income tax. The qualified transportation benefits are transit passes, vanpooling, bicycling, and parking associated with these things.

Commuting expenses in general are not excluded from taxable compensation in US tax law (for example, the cost of fuel to drive to the regular work place cannot be deducted).  The goal of making the specific benefits described above nontaxable is to encourage forms of commuting that reduce road congestion and pollution.

Gross income
For households and individuals, gross income is the sum of all wages, salaries, profits, interest payments, rents, and other forms of earnings, before any deductions or taxes. It is opposed to net income, defined as the gross income minus taxes and other deductions (e.g., mandatory pension contributions).

For a business, gross income (also gross profit, sales profit, or credit sales) is the difference between revenue and the cost of making a product or providing a service, before deducting overheads, payroll, taxation, and interest payments. This is different from operating profit (earnings before interest and taxes). Gross margin is often used interchangeably with gross profit, but the terms are different. When speaking about a monetary amount, it is technically correct to use the term "gross profit", but when referring to a percentage or ratio, it is correct to use "gross margin".
4-Bromobenzaldehyde
4-Bromobenzaldehyde,  or p-bromobenzaldehyde, is an organobromine compound with the formula BrC6H4CHO.  It is one of three isomers of bromobenzaldehyde. It displays reactivity characteristic of benzaldehyde and an aryl bromide.

Bromobenzaldehyde
Bromobenzaldehydes are any of three organic compounds with the formula BrC6H4COH, consisting of a formyl group and a bromine atom attached to a central benzene ring. They can be considered as brominated derivatives of benzaldehyde, or as formylated derivatives of bromobenzene.
Parent hydride
In chemistry, a parent hydride in IUPAC nomenclature refers to a main group compound with the formula AHn, where A is a main group element. The names of parent hydrides end with -ane, analogous with the nomenclature for alkanes. Derivatives of parent hydrides are named by appending prefixes or suffixes to the name of the parent hydride to indicate the substituents that replace the hydrogen atoms.

Parent hydrides are used in both the organic nomenclature, and inorganic nomenclature systems.

*extensive body of chemistry

IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry
In chemical nomenclature, the IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry is a systematic method of naming inorganic chemical compounds, as recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). It is published in Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry (which is informally called the Red Book). Ideally, every inorganic compound should have a name from which an unambiguous formula can be determined.  There is also an IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry.
Loveday Bay (South Australia)
Loveday Bay is an inlet in the Australian state of South Australia located at the south-eastern end of Lake Alexandrina on the west coast of the Narrung Peninsula.

It is located within the locality of Narrung.  The bay has a subsidiary inlet on its south coast which is known as Salt Lagoon which includes the protected area, the Salt Lagoon Islands Conservation Park.

It was named after early South Australian government surveyor Richard John Loveday.  The indigenous name for the head of Loveday Bay was Ngiakkung. The southern end of the bay was traditionally used as a meeting place for intertribal trade.

A jetty was built in Loveday Bay in 1923 and was demolished in 1949.

Salt Lagoon Islands Conservation Park
Salt Lagoon Islands Conservation Park is a protected area covering two islands and some adjoining waters in Salt Lagoon at the south east extent of Lake Alexandrina in South Australia about 14 kilometres (8.7 miles) south-west of Narrung.

It was declared for its significance as follows:

These two small islands are one of the main breeding sites for a number of the larger water birds in South Australia.  Species known to breed there include two species of spoonbill, three species of egret, four species of cormorant, three species of ibis and the Nankeen night heron.

The conservation park is classified as an IUCN Category Ia protected area.  In 1980, it was  listed on the former Register of the National Estate.
Gmina Nowogród Bobrzański
Gmina Nowogród Bobrzański is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Zielona Góra County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland. Its seat is the town of Nowogród Bobrzański, which lies approximately 25 kilometres (16 mi) south-west of Zielona Góra.

The gmina covers an area of 259.41 square kilometres (100.16 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 9,487.

Zielona Góra County
Zielona Góra County (Polish: powiat zielonogórski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lubusz Voivodeship, western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Zielona Góra, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The county contains five towns: Sulechów, which lies 23 km (14 mi) north-east of Zielona Góra, Nowogród Bobrzański, which lies 25 km (16 mi) south-west of Zielona Góra, Babimost, which lies 40 km (25 mi) north-east of Zielona Góra, Czerwieńsk, which lies 11 km (7 mi) north-west of Zielona Góra, and Kargowa, 40 km (25 mi) north-east of Zielona Góra.

The county covers an area of 1,349.75 square kilometres (521.1 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 75,626. The most populated towns are Sulechów with 16,831 inhabitants and Nowogród Bobrzański with 5,165 inhabitants.
Lokmanya Tilak Terminus–Madgaon AC Double Decker Express
11085/11086 & 11099/11100 Lokmanya Tilak Terminus–Madgaon Junction AC Double Decker Express was the Double Decker trains of Indian Railways, which were the first of its type to be introduced. They are accommodated with latest stainless steel LHB coach. They link Mumbai, the capital of Maharashtra and Madgaon, an important town in Goa through Konkan Railway. The Double Decker express was discontinued by railways due to less occupancy and substituted with a regular express equipped with LHB coachin November 2022.

Double Decker Express
Double Decker Express are a series of trains started by Indian Railways for shorter routes in order to serve more people than a traditional chair car carriage.

The Howrah–Dhanbad Double Decker Express was the first of its type to be introduced.
2023–24 Washington Wizards season
The 2023–24 Washington Wizards season was the 63rd season of the franchise in the National Basketball Association (NBA) and 50th in the Washington, D.C. area. This is the first season since 2011–12, where the team entered the season without Bradley Beal, who was traded to the Phoenix Suns during the off-season. The Wizards became the fifteenth team in NBA history to record a winless month, going 0–12 in February. They finished with a franchise worst 15–67 record.

The Washington Wizards drew an average home attendance of 16,898 in 41 home games in the 2023-24 NBA season.

Bradley Beal
Bradley Emmanuel Beal Sr. (born June 28, 1993) is an American professional basketball player for the Los Angeles Clippers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Nicknamed "the Big Panda", he is a three-time NBA All-Star and one-time All-NBA Third Team selection.

Beal was selected by the Washington Wizards with the third overall pick in the 2012 NBA draft. In eleven seasons with Washington, he was named to the All-Rookie First Team in 2013, the All-NBA Third Team in 2021, and was a three-time All-Star. Beal is second on the Wizards' all-time leading scorer list. Beal was traded to the Phoenix Suns in 2023, forming a big 3 with Kevin Durant and Devin Booker; however, he struggled with constant injuries during his Suns tenure, a struggle that has continued to his time with the Clippers as he suffered a season-ending injury just six appearances into the 2025–26 season.
Runaround Sue
"Runaround Sue" is a rock and roll song (in a modified doo-wop style), originally a US No. 1 Hot 100 hit (No. 4 on the Hot R&B chart) for the singer Dion during 1961, after he split with the Belmonts. It was written by Dion with Ernie Maresca, and tells the story of a disloyal lover. The song ranked No. 351 on the Rolling Stone list of "The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time".

In 2002, Dion was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame for "Runaround Sue".

Grammy Hall of Fame
The Grammy Hall of Fame is a hall of fame to honor musical recordings of lasting qualitative or historical significance. Inductees are selected annually by a special member committee of eminent and knowledgeable professionals from all branches of the recording arts. It is compiled by The Recording Academy in the United States, and was established in 1973. Recordings (singles and albums) in all genres are eligible for selection, and must be over 25 years old to be considered. Additions to the list are chosen annually by a committee of recording arts professionals.

Alphabetical listing by title:

List of Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients (A–D)

List of Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients (E–I)

List of Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients (J–P)

List of Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients (Q–Z)
Chad's Gap
Chad's Gap is a 120-foot (37 m) backcountry gap located in the Wasatch Mountains, approximately 0.6 miles (0.97 km) northeast of Alta Ski Area, in northern Utah, United States. One version of the structure's discovery has it that Chad Zurinskas, a local Utah resident after whom the gap was purportedly named, discovered it as a gap between two piles of mine tailings in 1999 and arranged with filmmaker Kris Ostness to make the first successful jump. The first successful jump was done by Candide Thovex. Tanner Hall, also known as 'Ski Boss', blew both his ankles to pieces by coming up short on the gap. He recalled it to feel like someone had loaded his ski boots with dynamite. His exclamation, "My ankles are broken, my ankles are broke", has become famous in the snow sports world.

Alta Ski Area
Alta is a ski area in the western United States, located in the town of Alta in the Wasatch Mountains of Utah, in Salt Lake County. With a skiable area of 2,614 acres (10.58 km2), Alta's base elevation is 8,530 ft (2,600 m) and rises to 11,068 ft (3,374 m) for a vertical gain of 2,538 ft (774 m). One of the oldest ski resorts in the country, it opened its first lift in early 1939. Alta is known for receiving more snow than most Utah resorts, with an average annual snowfall of 545 inches (13.8 m). It is also regularly ranked as having the best snow in North America. Alta is one of three remaining ski resorts in the U.S. that prohibit snowboarders, along with nearby competitor Deer Valley and Vermont's Mad River Glen.
Wakeman Sound
Wakeman Sound is a sound on the South Coast of British Columbia, Canada, located in the area north of the Broughton Archipelago, which lies on the north side of Queen Charlotte Strait, on the northeast side of Broughton Island.  It is a sidewater opening of and opening north off Kingcome Inlet.

It is the traditional home of the Haxwa'mis, who are a part of the Kwakwakaʼwakw. The Haxwa'mis people amalgamated with the Kwikwasut'inuxw and are known as the Ḵwiḵwa̱sut'inux̱w Ha̱xwa'mis First Nation.

Kwakwakaʼwakw
The Kwakwa̱ka̱ʼwakw ([ˈkʷakʷəkʲəʔwakʷ]), also known as the Kwakiutl (/ˈkwɑːkjʊtəl/; "Kwakʼwala-speaking peoples"), are an indigenous group of the Pacific Northwest Coast, in southwestern Canada. Their total population, according to a 2016 census, was 3,665 people. Most live in their traditional territories on northern Vancouver Island, as well as nearby smaller islands (such as the Discovery Islands) and inland on the adjacent British Columbia mainland. Some also live outside their traditional homelands, in urban areas such as Victoria and Vancouver. They are politically organized into 13 band governments.

The Kwakwaka'wakw language, now spoken by only 3.1% of the population, consists of four dialects of what is commonly referred to as Kwakʼwala, known as Kwak̓wala, 'Nak̓wala, G̱uc̓ala and T̓łat̓łasik̓wala.
Transdermal implant
Transdermal implants, or dermal piercings, are a form of body modification used both in a medical and aesthetic context that, in contrast to subdermal implants, consist of an object placed partially below and partially above the skin, thus implanted transdermal. Two techniques are prevalent using post-like and microdermal implants respectively.

Although the skin around such implants generally heals as if it were a piercing, in the body piercing community, these types of modification are commonly called fairly "heavy" due to the complexity of the procedure and potential social implications.

Implant
An implant is a medical device manufactured to replace a missing biological structure, support a damaged biological structure, or enhance an existing biological structure. For example, an implant may be a rod, used to strengthen weak bones. Medical implants are human-made devices, in contrast to a transplant, which is a transplanted biomedical tissue. The surface of implants that contact the body might be made of a biomedical material such as titanium, silicone, or apatite depending on what is the most functional.  In 2018, for example, American Elements developed a nickel alloy powder for 3D printing robust, long-lasting, and biocompatible medical implants. In some cases implants contain electronics, e.g. artificial pacemaker and cochlear implants. Some implants are bioactive, such as subcutaneous drug delivery devices in the form of implantable pills or drug-eluting stents.
Measure word
In linguistics, measure words are words (or morphemes) that are used in combination with a numeral to indicate an amount of something represented by some noun. Many languages use measure words, and East Asian languages such as Chinese, Japanese, and Korean use them very extensively in the form of number classifiers.

Count noun
In linguistics, a  count noun (also countable noun) is a noun that can be modified by a quantity and that occurs in both singular and plural forms, and that can co-occur with quantificational determiners like every, each, several, etc. A mass noun has none of these properties: It cannot be modified by a number, cannot occur in plural, and cannot co-occur with quantificational determiners.
Landquart-Davos G 2x2/2
The Landquart-Davos G 2x2/2, also known as the Rhaetian Railway G 2x2/2, and, from 1910 to 1911, as the Rhaetian Railway G 2/3+2/2, was a two-member class of metre gauge Mallet-type steam locomotives manufactured by J. A. Maffei in Munich, Germany.

Both locomotives in the class entered service in Switzerland in 1891.  They were rebuilt in 1910–1911, but became surplus to requirements in 1920.  They were then sold and sent to Brazil, where they continued to operate until about 1940.

The two members of the class were so named under the Swiss locomotive and railcar classification system. According to that system:

G 2x2/2 denotes a narrow gauge steam locomotive with two trucks, each fitted with two drive axles;

G 2/3+2/2 denotes a two bogie narrow gauge steam locomotive, with the front bogie having three axles, two of them drive axles, and the other bogie being fitted with just two drive axles.

Mallet locomotive
A Mallet locomotive is a type of compound articulated steam locomotive, invented by the Swiss engineer Anatole Mallet (1837–1919).

The front of the locomotive is articulated on a bogie. The compound steam system fed steam at boiler pressure to high-pressure cylinders driving the rear set of driving wheels (rigidly connected to the boiler). The exhaust steam from these cylinders was fed into a low-pressure receiver and was then sent to low-pressure cylinders that powered the driving wheels on the swiveling bogie towards the front of locomotive.
Kurt Großmann
Kurt Großmann (21 May 1897 – 2 March 1972) began his career as a German journalist. He emigrated from Germany in the Hitler years, living his final decades in Queens, New York. Although sources sometimes describe him as an American journalist, his preferred working language remained German. West German newspapers for which he reported from New York during the 1950s and the 1960s included the Rheinischer Merkur and Vorwärts.

His experiences as a soldier during the First World War turned Großmann into a committed pacifist. He served as General Secretary of the German League for Human Rights between 1926 and 1933.

Charlottenburg
Charlottenburg (German: [ʃaʁˈlɔtn̩bʊʁk] ⓘ) is a locality of Berlin within the borough of Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf. Established as a town in 1705 and named after Sophia Charlotte of Hanover, Queen consort of Prussia, it is best known for Charlottenburg Palace – the largest surviving such royal palace in Berlin – and the adjacent museums.

Charlottenburg was an independent city to the west of Berlin until 1920 when it was incorporated into "Groß-Berlin" (Greater Berlin) and transformed into a borough. In the course of Berlin's 2001 administrative reform it was merged with the former borough of Wilmersdorf becoming a part of a new borough called Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf. Later, in 2004, the new borough's districts were rearranged, dividing the former borough of Charlottenburg into the localities of Charlottenburg proper, Westend and Charlottenburg-Nord.
George Putnam III
George Putnam III is the editor and founder of The Turnaround Letter, a newsletter published by New Generation Research, Inc. which deals with investment opportunities related to distressed securities, bankruptcies and turnarounds. He is also president of New Generation Advisers, Inc., which manages a hedge fund which invests in distressed securities.

He graduated from St. Mark's School in Southborough, Massachusetts, where he is an active trustee making a speech at graduation every year.

Putnam is a graduate of Harvard College, Harvard Law School and Harvard Business School.

He is also a trustee for Putnam Investments, a mutual fund group founded by his grandfather George Putnam, and an Overseer of the Sea Education Association.

St. Mark's School (Massachusetts)
St. Mark's School is an Episcopal college-preparatory day and boarding school in Southborough, Massachusetts, a suburb of Boston. Founded in 1865, it was one of the first British-style boarding schools in the United States.

St. Mark's educates 377 students, 75% of whom reside on campus. The school has a 4:1 student-faculty ratio, and 30% of the students are on financial aid.
2009 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship
The 2009 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 100th staging of the Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1909.  The draw for the opening round fixtures took place on 13 December 2008. The championship began on 2 May 2009 and ended on 13 September 2009.

On 13 September 2009, Valley Rovers won the championship after a 1–17 to 1–13 defeat of Kilworth in the final at Páirc Uí Chaoimh. This was their second championship title overall and their first title since 1989.  Delanys returned to junior status for the first time in 21 years after suffering a five-point defeat by Ballygarvan in a relegation play-off.

Kilworth's Adrian Mannix was the championship's top scorer with 2-49.

1989 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship
The 1989 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 80th staging of the Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1909. The draw for the opening fixtures took place on 18 December 1988. The championship began on 27 May 1989 – 1 October 1989.

On 1 October 1989, Valley Rovers won the championship following a 6-12 to 3-05 defeat of Kilbrittain in the final at Páirc Uí Chaoimh. This was their first ever championship title.

Valley Rovers' John Shiels was the championship's top scorer with 3-22.
Liberalism in Slovenia
This article gives an overview of liberalism in Slovenia. It is limited to liberal parties with substantial support, mainly proved by having had a representation in parliament. The sign ⇒ means a reference to another party in that scheme. For inclusion in this scheme it isn't necessary so that parties labeled themselves as a liberal party.

Party of Alenka Bratušek
The Party of Alenka Bratušek (Slovene: Stranka Alenke Bratušek, SAB) was a political party in Slovenia. The party was formed from a split from Positive Slovenia in May 2014, and merged into the Freedom Movement in June 2022. The party participated in both the Bratušek and Šarec governments.
Chironia palustris
Chironia palustris, the Transvaal chironia or cerise stars, is a plant that is part of the genus Chironia. The species is native to Angola, Botswana, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eswatini, Lesotho, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe. In South Africa, the plant occurs in all provinces.

Chironia
Chironia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Gentianaceae, native to southern Africa. It is named after Chiron, the centaur known for his use of medicinal plants, as number of Chironia species are used in traditional medicines.
John Latting
John Marquess Latting (April 10, 1900 – March 21, 1969) was an American Negro league first baseman in the 1920s.

A native of Helena, Arkansas, Latting attended Wilberforce University and captained the school's baseball team in 1922. In 1925, he was one of eleven people represented by Clarence Darrow who were arrested but not convicted as part of the nationally-publicized murder case involving Dr. Ossian Sweet. Latting played briefly for the Dayton Marcos in 1926, a club led by player-manager Eddie Huff, who was Latting's former Wilberforce teammate. After graduating from Wilberforce in 1927, Latting went on to earn a degree in dentistry from Howard University in 1932. He died in Detroit, Michigan in 1969 at age 68.

Eddie Huff
Edward Coleman Huff Jr. (December 7, 1902 – January 8, 1936) was an American Negro league catcher and manager in the 1920s.

A native of Georgia, Huff attended Wilberforce University. He made his Negro leagues debut in 1922 with the Indianapolis ABCs, and played for the Bacharach Giants the following season. Huff served as player-manager of the Dayton Marcos in 1926. He died in an accident in Dayton on January 8, 1936.
Nokia Asha 501
Nokia Asha 501 is a mobile phone from the budget Nokia Asha series, announced by Nokia on 9 May 2013 in India, and released on 24 June 2013. The device was classified at the time by Nokia as a "Full Touch" smartphone. The phone is available in either single- or dual SIM configurations and its suggested price was US $99 before taxes and subsidies.

The Asha 501 was the first device built on Nokia Asha platform, a new software platform descended from Series 40, with a user interface similar to MeeGo on Nokia N9. The Asha 501 includes Bluetooth and Wi-Fi, but no 3G connectivity, relying on EDGE and GPRS (2.75G) for cellular networking. The phone has been noted for its user-friendliness and a battery with long talk and standby times. It has been called "tiny" by some due to its size, being one of the smallest Nokia ever produced.

EBuddy
eBuddy is a privately held Dutch software company that offers instant messaging services. As of 2011, eBuddy reported 100 million downloads. The company's flagship service is XMS, a proprietary cross-platform instant messaging service. After some changes of ownership, the company is now again owned by its original founders, Onno Bakker and Jan-Joost Rueb.