hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John McLeod (New Zealand politician)
John McLeod (1825 – 18 September 1883) was a provincial and national politician in New Zealand. He was a member of the New Zealand Parliament for half a term from 1871 to 1873.

McLeod was born in 1825 and came with his parents from Sydney to the Bay of Islands in Northland, New Zealand, in 1839.

He was a member of the Auckland Provincial Council for eight years, representing the Northern District from 1865 to 1869, then the Bay of Islands from 1870 to 1873. He was elected to Parliament for the Mongonui and Bay of Islands electorate in the 1871 general election. He resigned from Parliament in 1873, to go to Nova Scotia as a Wellington provincial immigration officer. His resignation led to the 1873 Mongonui and Bay of Islands by-election, which was won by John William Williams.

McLeod died in Auckland on 18 September 1883, aged 58.

John William Williams
John William Williams (6 April 1827 – 27 April 1904) was a 19th-century Member of Parliament from Northland, New Zealand.

Williams was born in Paihia on 6 April 1827. He was one of the sons of Marianne Williams and the pioneering New Zealand missionary Archdeacon Henry Williams.

Williams was elected to represent the Bay of Islands electorate in the Auckland Provincial Council from 23 Jan 1863 to 13 Sep 1865. He represented the Mongonui and Bay of Islands electorate in the House of Representatives from 1873 to 1879, when he was defeated.

He married Sarah Busby (1835–1913), daughter of James Busby. They had 11 children including Agnes Williams, the politician Kenneth Williams, and the lawyer and cricket administrator Heathcote Williams.

He died at his residence in Napier's Cameron Road on 27 April 1904.
1899 Edmonton municipal election
The 1899 municipal election was held December 11, 1899.  It was the first municipal election in which only a portion of the aldermen were to be elected; in 1898, three of the six aldermen elected were elected to two-year terms in preparation for a system in which only half of the aldermen would be up for election each year.  Kenneth McLeod, Alfred Jackson, and Kenneth W. MacKenzie were all only halfway through their two-year terms at the time of the election.  However, MacKenzie resigned in order to become mayor, leaving council with four vacancies.  Only three were filled by the election; council appointed Henry Goodridge to fill the fourth seat until the 1900 election.

1898 Edmonton municipal election
The 1898 municipal election was held December 12, 1898.  In previous elections, an entire town council had been elected at once for a one-year term. In 1898 Edmton began to use staggered aldermanic terms, such that half of the six aldermen would be elected each year to two-year terms.  The mayor continued to be elected annually.

Because in the previous election all six aldermen had been elected to a one-year term, it was necessary to elect six aldermen in 1898.  In order to set up the staggered terms, three were elected to one-year terms, and three to two-year terms.

In addition to the city council, five public school trustees and four private school trustees were elected.
History of Djibouti
Djibouti is a country in the Horn of Africa bordered by Somalia to the east, Eritrea to west and the Red Sea to the north, Ethiopia to the west and south, and the Gulf of Aden to the east.

In antiquity, the territory was part of the Land of Punt. Djibouti gained its independence on June 27, 1977. The Djibouti area, along with other localities in the Horn region, was later the seat of the medieval Adal and Ifat Sultanates. In the late 19th century, the colony of French Somaliland was established following treaties signed by the ruling Somali and Afar Sultans with the French. It was subsequently renamed to the French Territory of the Afars and the Issas in 1967. A decade later, the Djiboutian people voted for independence, officially marking the establishment of the Republic of Djibouti.

Afar people
The Afar (Afar: Qafár), also known as the Danakil, Adali and Odali, are a Cushitic ethnic group inhabiting the Horn of Africa. They primarily live in the Afar Region of Ethiopia and in northern Djibouti, as well as the entire southern coast of Eritrea. The Afar speak the Afar language, which is part of the East Cushitic branch of the Afroasiatic family. Afars are the only inhabitants of the Horn of Africa whose traditional territories border both the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden.
Chicho Ibáñez Serrador
Narciso Ibáñez Serrador (4 July 1935 – 7 June 2019), also known as Chicho Ibáñez Serrador or by the pen name Luis Peñafiel, was a Spanish television, film and theater director, actor and screenwriter. He received many accolades throughout his career including the Lifetime Achievement Award presented by the Spanish Television Academy in 2002, the National Television Award presented by the Spanish Ministry of Culture in 2010 and the Honorary Goya Award presented by the Spanish Film Academy in 2018.

Some of his credits include the creation and direction of the television shows Historias para no dormir, Historia de la frivolidad, and Un, dos, tres... responda otra vez in Televisión Española, and the writing and direction of the feature films The House That Screamed (1969) and Who Can Kill a Child? (1976).

Academy of Television and Audiovisual Arts and Sciences (Spain)
The Academy of Television and Audiovisual Arts and Sciences (Spanish: Academia de Televisión y de las Ciencias y Artes del Audiovisual) is a Spanish non-profit organization created in 1997 to bring together audiovisual professionals and companies with the aim of defending the quality, independence and autonomy of the television industry in the country. The academy presents annually the Iris Awards to recognize excellence in Spanish television production.
Tall Hopes
Tall Hopes is an American sitcom television series created by Michael Elias and Rich Eustis. The series stars George Wallace, Anna Maria Horsford, Kenny Blank, Terrence Howard and Karla Green. The series aired on CBS from August 25 to September 8, 1993.

George Wallace (American comedian)
George Henry Wallace (born July 21, 1952) is an American comedian and actor. Wallace has had supporting roles in a number of films, including 3 Strikes (2000) and the Coen brothers film The Ladykillers (2004) as Sheriff Wyner. Wallace also appeared in Batman Forever (1995) as the Mayor of Gotham City. Other film credits include A Rage in Harlem (1991), The Wash (2001), Punchline (1988), Things Are Tough All Over (1982), and Mr. Deeds (2002).

Wallace made a brief appearance in the sitcom Scrubs in the episode "My Words of Wisdom" (2007), and in the sitcom Seinfeld in the episode "The Checks", where he played the doctor that was distracted by the song "Witchy Woman". He also appeared in the introduction scene to the home video release of Jerry Seinfeld: I'm Telling You for the Last Time - Live on Broadway (1999) as a fictionalized version of himself. He portrayed a man in a retirement home in The Last Laugh (2019) and starred as Mayor Benson in Hubie Halloween (2020).
Qupanuk Olsen
Qupanuk Olsen (Greenlandic pronunciation: [ˈqupanuk]; née Egede; born 6 May 1985) is a Greenlandic YouTuber, content creator, engineer, and politician known for her education and travel series Q's Greenland. Her content primarily focuses on Greenland's traditions, cuisine, locales, and history. A member of Naleraq, she was elected as a member of the Inatsisartut in the 2025 election.

In addition to her work as a content creator, Olsen studied at Curtin University's Western Australian School of Mines for a degree in civil engineering with a specialization in mining. She previously worked at the Nalunaq gold mine, Orbicon, and taught at the Arctic Technology Centre in Sisimiut. She currently works as Greenlandic director for Ironbark Zinc. A supporter of Greenlandic independence, Olsen believes that mining would be central to supporting the economic development of an independent Greenland.

Western Australian School of Mines
Western Australian School of Mines (WASM) was founded in 1902 as the Kalgoorlie School of Mines

It was a tertiary school specialising in subjects directly related to the Western Australian mining industry. Originally located in Coolgardie, WASM later moved to Kalgoorlie and continued to be primarily funded from independent sources. In 1969 the Department of Mines transferred management of WASM to Western Australian Institute of Technology which later became Curtin University.
Korail Class 8200
The Korail Class 8200 is a South Korean electric locomotive operated by Korail. This locomotive has head-end power capabilities in place of a dynamo car, which could be used with up to 12 passenger cars.

Korail
The Korea Railroad Corporation (Korean: 한국철도공사; Hanja: 韓國鐵道公社) is the national railway operator in South Korea. It is branded as KORAIL (코레일) and changed its official Korean name (한국철도; 韓國鐵道) in November 2019. Currently, KORAIL is a government-owned corporation, managed by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transportation.

KORAIL operates intercity/regional, commuter/metro and freight trains throughout South Korea, and has its headquarters in Daejeon.
Elswick, Saskatchewan
Elswick is a ghost town in Cymri Rural Municipality, Saskatchewan, Canada. The town site was on the Canadian Northern Railway line from Lampman to Radville.  The town had a box-car train station, grain elevator, small store and post office.  The town site was abandoned by the railway in 1927 and the rail-line abandoned in 1951.

Rural Municipality of Cymri No. 36
The Rural Municipality of Cymri No. 36 (2016 population: 549) is a rural municipality (RM) in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within Census Division No. 2 and SARM Division No. 1. It is located in the southeast portion of the province.
Epeiromulona thysanata
Epeiromulona thysanata is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by William D. Field in 1952. It is found in French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Costa Rica and Panama.

The length of the forewings is 6-6.5 mm for males and 7 mm for females. The wings are similar to Epeiromulona lephina and Epeiromulona phelina, differing in the fringe of the outer margin of the forewing. In E. thysanata this fringe is orange next to the margin with black scales. The hindwings are also similar to E. phelina and E. lephina, differing in having the fringe of the outer margin fuscous along the apical third of the wing.

Epeiromulona lephina
Epeiromulona lephina is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by William D. Field in 1952. It is found in Panama and Guatemala.

The length of the forewings is 6.5–7 mm for males and 7–8 mm for females. The forewings and hindwings are similar to Epeiromulona biloba, but the fringe of the forewing is slightly paler orange yellow near the margin.
Dignified death
Dignified death, death with dignity, dying with dignity or dignity in dying is an ethical concept aimed at avoiding suffering and maintaining control and autonomy in the end-of-life process. In general, it is usually treated as an extension of the concept of dignified life, in which people retain their dignity and freedom until the end of their life.

Although a dignified death can be natural and occur without any type of assistance, the concept is frequently associated with the right to die, as well as with the defense of the legalization of practices such as voluntary euthanasia, physician-assisted suicide, terminal sedation or the refusal of medical assistance. According to its defenders, the possibility of these types of practices would be what would guarantee a dignified death, keeping free decisions until the last moment and avoiding unnecessary agony.

Right to die
The right to die is a concept rooted in the belief that individuals have the autonomy to make fundamental decisions about their own lives, including the choice to commit suicide or undergo voluntary euthanasia, central to the broader notion of health freedom. This right is often associated with cases involving terminal illnesses or incurable pain, where assisted suicide provides an option for individuals to exercise control over their suffering and dignity.

The debate surrounding the right to die frequently centers on the question of whether this decision should rest solely with the individual or involve external authorities, highlighting broader tensions between personal freedom and societal or legal restrictions.

Religious views on the matter vary significantly, with some traditions such as Hinduism (Prayopavesa) and Jainism (Santhara) permitting non-violent forms of voluntary death, while others, including Catholicism, Islam and Judaism, consider suicide a moral transgression.
Kinnock shadow cabinet
Neil Kinnock was Leader of the Labour Party and Leader of the Opposition from 2 October 1983 to 18 July 1992. He convincingly defeated Roy Hattersley, Eric Heffer, and Peter Shore in the 1983 leadership election, which was prompted by Michael Foot's resignation following the disastrous general election result earlier that year. Kinnock's period as Leader encompassed the bulk of the Thatcher premiership and the first two years of the Major premiership. Kinnock resigned in 1992 after losing his second election as Leader.

Roy Hattersley
Roy Sydney George Hattersley, Baron Hattersley, PC FRSL (born 28 December 1932) is a British politician, author and journalist from Sheffield. A member of the Labour Party, he was MP for Birmingham Sparkbrook for over 32 years from 1964 to 1997, and served as Deputy Leader of the Labour Party from 1983 to 1992.
Dils–Downer House
The Dils–Downer House is a historic building located on the eastside of Davenport, Iowa, United States. The Shingle Style Bungalow has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1983.

Shingle style architecture
The shingle style is an American architectural style made popular by the rise of the New England school of architecture, which eschewed the highly ornamented patterns of the Eastlake style in Queen Anne architecture. In the shingle style, English influence was combined with the renewed interest in Colonial American architecture which followed the 1876 celebration of the Centennial. The plain, shingled surfaces of colonial buildings were adopted, and their massing emulated.

Aside from being a style of design, the style also conveyed a sense of the house as continuous volume. This effect—of the building as an envelope of space, rather than a great mass, was enhanced by the visual tautness of the flat shingled surfaces, the horizontal shape of many shingle style houses, and the emphasis on horizontal continuity, both in exterior details and in the flow of spaces within the houses.
2011 Nabro eruption
The 2011 Nabro eruption was an eruption of the Nabro stratovolcano in the Southern Red Sea Region of Eritrea, which began on 12 June 2011 after a series of earthquakes. The eruption killed seven and possibly a further 31 people and is estimated to be the highest altitude injection of sulfur dioxide (SO2) ever observed by satellite. The Mount Pinatubo eruption 20 years earlier emitted ten times more SO2. The ash cloud from the eruption reached altitudes which disrupted airline traffic in the region. Until the eruption began, the volcano had no records of historical eruptions.

Southern Red Sea region
The Southern Red Sea region (Tigrinya: ዞባ  ደቡባዊ ቀይሕ ባሕሪ, romanized: Zoba Däbubawi Käyh Bahri, Arabic: ‎إقليم جنوب البحر الأحمر) is an administrative region of Eritrea. It lies along the southern half of the Red Sea, and contains the coastal city of Assab. It borders the Northern Red Sea Region, and has an area of around 27,600 km2 (10,700 sq mi).

As of 2005, the region had a population of 83,500 compared to a population of 73,700 in 2001. The net growth rate was 11.74%. The total area of the province was 27 600 km2 and the density was 3.03 persons per km2.
Rahim Yar Khan railway station
Rahim Yar Khan Railway Station (Urdu and Punjabi: رحیم یار خان ریلوے اسٹیشن) is located in Rahim Yar Khan city, Rahim Yar Khan district of Punjab province, Pakistan. It is a major railway station of Pakistan Railways on Karachi-Peshawar Railway Line. The station is staffed and has advance and current reservation offices. Food stalls are also located on its platforms.

Rahim Yar Khan
Rahim Yar Khan (Urdu: رحیم یار خان, romanized: Rahīm Yār Khān; Urdu pronunciation: [ɾəɦiːm jɑːɾ xɑːn]) is a city in the Punjab, Pakistan. It is the 21st most populous city in Pakistan and is the capital of the Rahim Yar Khan District. The city's administration is divided into nine union councils. Originally named Noshehra, it was renamed to Rahim Yar Khan in honour of the son of Sadeq Mohammad Khan IV.
2008 New Delhi ITF Open
The 2008 New Delhi ITF Open, a women's tennis tournament within the 2008 ITF Women's Circuit, was the first and only edition of the tournament. The singles event was won by Ekaterina Dzehalevich of Belarus, an unseeded player, who defeated Yanina Wickmayer in the final with a score of 2–6, 6–3, 6–2. In the doubles final, the Chinese pair Ji Chunmei and Sun Shengnan defeated Sunitha Rao (India) and Aurélie Védy (France) by 2–6, 6-2 [10-4].

Yanina Wickmayer
Yanina Wickmayer (born 20 October 1989) is a Belgian former professional tennis player. She reached the semifinals at the 2009 US Open, and a career-high ranking of world No. 12, on 19 April 2010. In doubles, she achieved a career-high of world No. 61, on 11 September 2023. She was awarded "Most Improved Player" by the WTA in 2009. Time magazine named her one of the "30 Legends of Women's Tennis: Past, Present and Future" in June 2011.
Vina: Sebelum 7 Hari
Vina: Sebelum 7 Hari (International title: Vina: Before 7 Days) is a 2024 Indonesian horror thriller film directed by Anggy Umbara based on the true story of the murder of Vina and Eky. Produced by Dee Company Film, the movie stars Nayla D. Purnama, Lydia Kandou, and Gisellma Firmansyah. Vina: Sebelum 7 Hari premiered in Indonesian theaters on May 8, 2024.

Anggy Umbara
Anggy Umbara (also known as D'Jackal) is an Indonesian director, screenwriter, film producer, actor, musician, editor, and presenter. Anggy was nominated for the Best Original Screenplay Citra Award for the film 3: Alif Lam Mim at the 2015 Indonesian Film Festival alongside his brothers Bounty Umbara and Fajar Umbara.
Shut Up & Kiss Me
"Shut Up & Kiss Me" is a song by British-Australian recording artist Reece Mastin, taken from his second studio album, Beautiful Nightmare (2012). It was released digitally and physically on 20 April 2012, as the lead single from the album. The song was written by Hayley Warner and Mastin with Anthony Egizii and David Musumeci of the production duo DNA, who also produced the song. Musically, "Shut Up & Kiss Me" is an upbeat song with pop punk influences, and lyrics about "making out with a girl".

The song charted in Australia and New Zealand at numbers two and one, respectively. It was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), and gold by the Recording Industry Association of New Zealand (RIANZ). The accompanying music video features Mastin hanging out with friends in a warehouse which turns out to be an amusement park. Mastin performed "Shut Up & Kiss Me" on Dancing with the Stars and Sunrise.

Sunrise (Australian TV program)
Sunrise is an Australian breakfast show program. It is broadcast on the Seven Network, and is hosted by Natalie Barr and Matt Shirvington. The program follows Sunrise Early News, and runs from 5:30 am to 9:00 am. It is followed by The Morning Show.
Osmotic concentration
Osmotic concentration, formerly known as osmolarity, is the measure of solute concentration, defined as the number of osmoles (Osm) of solute per litre (L) of solution (osmol/L or Osm/L). The osmolarity of a solution is usually expressed as Osm/L (pronounced "osmolar"), in the same way that the molarity of a solution is expressed as "M" (pronounced "molar").

Whereas molarity measures the number of moles of solute per unit volume of solution, osmolarity measures the number of particles on dissociation of osmotically active material (osmoles of solute particles) per unit volume of solution. This value allows the measurement of the osmotic pressure of a solution and the determination of how the solvent will diffuse across a semipermeable membrane (osmosis) separating two solutions of different osmotic concentration.

Osmotic pressure
Osmotic pressure is the minimum pressure which needs to be applied to a solution to prevent the inward flow of its pure solvent across a semipermeable membrane. Potential osmotic pressure is the maximum osmotic pressure that could develop in a solution if it was not separated from its pure solvent by a semipermeable membrane.

Osmosis occurs when two solutions containing different concentrations of solute are separated by a selectively permeable membrane. Solvent molecules pass preferentially through the membrane from the low-concentration solution to the solution with higher solute concentration. The transfer of solvent molecules will continue until osmotic equilibrium is attained.
Love Like This (Kennedy Rose song)
"Love Like This" is a song written by American songwriters Mary Ann Kennedy, Pam Rose, and Pat Bunch. It was originally recorded by the former two as the duo Kennedy Rose on their 1990 album hai ku. Five years later, American singer Carlene Carter released a version from her 1995 album Little Acts of Treason.

Pam Rose
Pam Rose is an American country music songwriter. In her career, she has been a member of the groups Calamity Jane and Kennedy Rose, both times pairing with fellow songwriter Mary Ann Kennedy. Rose's co-writing credits include the Grammy Award-nominated songs "Ring on Her Finger, Time on Her Hands" by Lee Greenwood and "I'll Still Be Loving You" by Restless Heart. Other songs that she has written include "Safe in the Arms of Love" by Martina McBride and "You Will" by Patty Loveless.

She has also worked with songwriting for Swedish country singer Jill Johnson.
Vera King Farris
Vera King Farris (July 18, 1938 – November 28, 2009) was the third president of the Richard Stockton College of New Jersey from May 25, 1983, to June 3, 2003. She was the first female African-American president of a New Jersey public college and one of the first in the nation.

A scientist with a doctorate in zoology, she taught at State University of New York at Stony Brook and Brockport, and the University of Michigan. She advanced into administrative positions, serving as vice president for academic affairs at Kean University.

SUNY Brockport
State University of New York at Brockport (also known as SUNY Brockport or Brockport State, and previously The College at Brockport) is a public university in Brockport, New York, United States. It is part of the State University of New York (SUNY).
Assisi railway station
Assisi railway station (Italian: Stazione di Assisi) serves the town and comune of Assisi, in the Umbria region, central Italy.  Opened in 1866, it forms part of the Foligno–Terontola railway, which also links Florence with Rome.

The station is currently managed by Rete Ferroviaria Italiana (RFI).  However, the commercial area of the passenger building is managed by Centostazioni.  Train services are operated by or on behalf of Trenitalia.  Each of these companies is a subsidiary of Ferrovie dello Stato (FS), Italy's state-owned rail company.

Regional train services calling at the station are operated by Ferrovia Centrale Umbra, which sub-contracts on behalf of Trenitalia.

Terni–Perugia–Sansepolcro railway
Terni–Perugia–Sansepolcro railway is a railway line in Umbria, Italy. It was built by the Ferrovia Centrale Umbra (Central Umbrian Railway Company, FCU) The line, about 147 kilometres (91 mi) in length, connects Terni in southern Umbria with Sansepolcro, Tuscany, with stops in Todi, Perugia, Umbertide and Città di Castello. It is operated by Busitalia Sita Nord, a subsidiary of the Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane group.