hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Banu Khattab
Banu Khattab was a wealthy Ibadi dynasty of Hawwara origin that thrived off of the Trans-Saharan slave trade. It ruled over Zawila and the surrounding oases in the Fezzan region from 918/919 until 1172–1177 when it was sacked and conquered by the Armenian-Mamluk Qaraqush. The instability created by Qaraqush was exploited by the Kanem, who under the reign of Dunama Dabbalemi had seized control of the Fezzan, establishing a new capital at Traghan, a few miles west of Zawila.

They would later go on to rule the Fezzan again under the nominal control of the Hafsids in the 15th century.

Fezzan
Fezzan (UK: /fɛˈzɑːn/ fez-AHN, US: /fɛˈzæn, fəˈzæn/ fez-AN, fə-ZAN; Berber languages: ⴼⵣⵣⴰⵏ, romanized: Fezzan; Arabic: ‏فَزَّان‎, romanized: Fazzān [fazˈzaːn]; Latin: Phazania) is the southwestern region of modern Libya. It is largely desert, but broken by mountains, uplands, and dry river valleys (wadis) in the north, where oases enable ancient towns and villages to survive deep in the otherwise inhospitable Sahara Desert. The term originally applied to the land beyond the coastal strip of Africa proconsularis, including the Nafusa and extending west of modern Libya over Ouargla and Illizi. As these Berber areas came to be associated with the regions of Tripoli, Cirta or Algiers, the name was increasingly applied to the arid areas south of Tripolitania.

After the 1934 formation of Libya, the Fezzan province was designated as one of the three primary provinces of the country, alongside Tripolitania province to the north and Cyrenaica province to the northeast.
Voivodeship road
According to classes and categories of public roads in Poland, a voivodeship road (Polish: droga wojewódzka) is a category of roads one step below national roads in importance. The roads are numbered from 100 to 993. Total length of voivodeship roads in Poland is 28,536 km (17,730 mi) of which 61.4 km (38 mi) are unpaved (2008).

Classes and categories of public roads in Poland
In Poland, public roads are classified into two kinds of road hierarchies: road classes (according to technical and functional parameters) and road categories (according to the function in the road network).
Jamla
Jamla (Arabic: جملة, also spelled Gamlah, Jumlah, Jamleh or Al Jamlah) is a village in southwestern Syria, administratively part of the Daraa Governorate and immediately east of the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights. It is situated on the eastern slopes of the Wadi Ruqqad valley. Nearby localities include Abdin to the south, the nahiyah ("subdistrict") center of al-Shajara to the southwest, Nafia to the east, Ayn Zakar to the northeast and Saida to the north. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Jamla had a population of 1,916 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Sunni Muslims.

Saida, Syria
Saida, also spelled Sayda (Arabic: صَيْدَا, romanized: Ṣaydā), is a village in southern Syria, administratively part of the Daraa Governorate, located east of Daraa. Nearby localities include al-Naimah to the west, Al-Ghariyah al-Gharbiyah to the north, Kahil and al-Musayfirah to the east and al-Taybah and Umm al-Mayazen to the south. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Saida had a population of 11,215 in the 2004 census.
Francis Newton Parsons
Francis Newton Parsons VC (23 March 1875 in Dover – 10 March 1900) was educated at Dover College, joined the Essex Regiment and served in the Second Boer War. He was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

Dover College
Dover College is an independent day and boarding school in the English public school tradition located in Dover in south east England. It was founded in 1871, and takes both day pupils and boarders from the UK and internationally.

The school occupies some of the medieval buildings of Dover Priory, on a site just east of the eponymous railway station.
Kenko Kempo Karate
Kenko Kempo Karate is a hybrid martial art system aimed at people over 40 years of age. It is a methodology to adapt Eastern martial arts to the needs of persons of advanced age, for both novices as well as experienced practitioners. It aims at health, wellness, and self-defense. The system can be adapted to most martial arts but consistently uses tai chi forms as part of the training programme.

Kenko Kempo Karate is registered as an association in Germany as well as the Netherlands where the Netherlands Federation for Martial Arts accepted it within its elderly martial arts initiative.

Qigong
Qigong (/ˈtʃiːˈɡɒŋ/) is a system of coordinated body-posture and movement, breathing, and meditation said to be useful for the purposes of health, spirituality, and martial arts training. With roots in Chinese medicine, philosophy, and martial arts, qigong is traditionally viewed by the Chinese and throughout Asia as a practice to cultivate and balance the mystical life-force qi.

Qigong practice typically involves moving meditation, coordinating slow-flowing movement, deep rhythmic breathing, and a calm meditative state of mind. People practice qigong throughout China and worldwide for recreation, exercise, relaxation, preventive medicine, self-healing, alternative medicine, meditation, self-cultivation, and training for martial arts.
Boboy Garrovillo
Jose Teves Garrovillo Jr. (born October 10, 1951), professionally known as Boboy Garrovillo, is a Filipino actor and musician. He is known as one of the members of the musical trio Apo Hiking Society along with Danny Javier and Jim Paredes. He is also regarded as one of the pillars and icons of Original Pilipino Music (OPM).

Ipaglaban Mo!
Ipaglaban Mo! (transl. Fight for It!), also known as Kapag nasa Katwiran, Ipaglaban Mo! or Kapag May Katwiran... Ipaglaban Mo!, is a Philippine television public service and advocacy-driven legal drama anthology show broadcast by IBC, ABS-CBN, RPN, GMA News TV and Kapamilya Channel under ABS-CBN Studios, featuring dramatizations of actual cases brought and settled in the Supreme Court and Court of Appeals of the Philippines. It aired from June 13, 1988 to 2000. The show returned from February 7, 2004 to 2005 and again from June 7, 2014 to July 5, 2020.
2016 Skate America
The 2016 Skate America was the first event of six in the 2016–17 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating, a senior-level international invitational competition series. It was held at the Sears Centre in Chicago, Illinois, on October 21–23. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. Skaters earned points toward qualifying for the 2016–17 Grand Prix Final.

2016–17 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating
The 2016–17 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating was a series of invitational senior internationals which ran from October through December 2016. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. Skaters earned points based on their placement at each event and the top six in each discipline qualified to compete at the Grand Prix Final in Marseille.

Organized by the International Skating Union, the series set the stage for the 2017 Europeans, the 2017 Four Continents, and the 2017 World Championships. The corresponding series for junior-level skaters was the 2016–17 ISU Junior Grand Prix.
Hedley Allen Dunn
Hedley Allen Dunn (27 October 1865 – 5 June 1942) was a South Australian architect, a member of the prominent Dunn family of Mount Barker. His work included the flour mill at Port Adelaide for his father and grandfather in 1886, and the Stock Exchange Building (now the Science Exchange) on McHenry Street, off Grenfell Street, Adelaide, in 1900.

South Australian Society of Arts
34°55′15″S 138°36′08″E﻿ / ﻿34.9208°S 138.6021°E﻿ / -34.9208; 138.6021

The South Australian Society of Arts was a society for artists in South Australia, later with a royal warrant renamed The Royal South Australian Society of Arts in 1935. Its gallery,  built in 1906 for the SASA, is in Level 1, the Institute Building, corner North Terrace & Kintore Avenue, Adelaide
The Davie County Enterprise-Record
The Davie County Enterprise-Record is a weekly newspaper based in Mocksville, North Carolina that serves Davie County, North Carolina. The editor of the paper is Mike Barnhardt. The Evening Post Publishing Company owned the paper from 1997 to 2014, when it was acquired by Boone Newspapers.

Davie County, North Carolina
Davie County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 42,712. Its county seat is Mocksville.

Davie County is included in the Winston-Salem, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Greensboro–Winston-Salem–High Point, NC Combined Statistical Area.
Preauricular deep parotid lymph nodes
The preauricular deep parotid lymph nodes (anterior auricular glands or preauricular glands), from one to three in number, lie immediately in front of the tragus.

Their afferents drain multiple surfaces, most of which are lateral in origin.  A specific example would be the lateral portions of the eye's bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva as well as the skin adjacent to the ear within the temporal region.  The efferents of these nodes pass to the superior deep cervical glands.

The preauricular nodes glands will present with marked swelling in viral conjunctivitis.

Superior deep cervical lymph nodes
The superior deep cervical lymph nodes are the deep cervical lymph nodes that are situated adjacent to the superior portion of the internal jugular vein. They drain either to the inferior deep cervical lymph nodes or into the jugular trunk.

Most of these lymph nodes are situated deep to the sternocleidomastoid muscle, though some are not. Some are situated anterior and some posterior to the internal jugular vein. They are also situated adjacent to the accessory nerve (CN XI).
Lebohang Kganye
Lebohang Kganye (born 1990) is a South African visual artist living and working in Johannesburg. Kganye is part of a new generation of contemporary South African artists and photographers born shortly before or after Apartheid ended.

Musée d'Art Moderne de Paris
Musée d'Art Moderne de Paris (French pronunciation: [myze daʁ mɔdɛʁn də paʁi], in full the Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris, the Museum of Modern Art of the City of Paris) or MAM Paris, is a major municipal museum dedicated to modern and contemporary art of the 20th and 21st centuries, including monumental murals by Raoul Dufy, Gaston Suisse, and Henri Matisse. It is located at 11, Avenue du Président Wilson in the 16th arrondissement of Paris.

The museum is one of the 14 City of Paris' Museums that have been incorporated since 1 January 2013 in the public institution Paris Musées.
Sara Khalid
Sara Khalid Salman Al-Dossary (Arabic: سَارَة خَالِد سَلْمَان الدَّوْسَرِيّ; born 8 August 1996) is a Saudi professional footballer and a futsal player who plays as a goalkeeper for Al-Nassr in the Saudi Women's Premier League and was part of the Saudi Arabia national team and Saudi Arabia national futsal team.

2023–24 Saudi Women's Premier League
The 2023–24 Saudi Women's Premier League was the second season of the Saudi Women's Premier League, the top-level women's football league in Saudi Arabia.

Al-Nassr were the defending champions and successfully retained their title.
Clonmel Island
Clonmel Island is a sand island in Corner Inlet, in the Gippsland region of Victoria, Australia. Located within the Nooramunga Marine and Coastal Park, it is a part of a complex of barrier islands that protects a large marine embayment from the pounding waves of the Bass Strait. It is one of the five major islands of Corner Inlet, a Ramsar site, and hosts significant breeding colonies of Caspian terns,  crested terns, and Australian fairy terns.

Bass Strait
Bass Strait is a strait separating the island state of Tasmania from the Australian mainland (more specifically the coast of Victoria, with the exception of the land border across Boundary Islet). The strait provides the most direct waterway between the Great Australian Bight and the Tasman Sea, and is also the only maritime route into the economically prominent Port Phillip Bay.

Formed 8,000 years ago by rising sea levels at the end of the last glacial period, the strait was named after English explorer and physician George Bass (1771–1803) by European colonists.
KJQS
KJQS (1060 AM) was a radio station licensed to Van Buren, Arkansas, United States, serving the Ft. Smith, Arkansas, area. The station was owned by Cumulus Media.

For a time from 2006 to 2012, it broadcast a Regional Mexican format as La Maquina Musical 1060 (translates to The Musical Machine, possibly referring to a juke box). The station had been silent since March 23, 2012.

On November 30, 2015, KRUZ changed its call sign to KJQS. On December 8, 2015, Cumulus Media surrendered KJQS' license to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC); the FCC cancelled the license and deleted the KJQS call sign the same day.

Van Buren, Arkansas
Van Buren (/væn ˈbjʊərən/ van BURE-ən) is the second-largest city in the Fort Smith, Arkansas–Oklahoma Metropolitan Statistical Area and the county seat of Crawford County, Arkansas, United States. The city is located directly northeast of Fort Smith at the Interstate 40 – Interstate 540 junction. The city was incorporated in 1845 and as of the 2020 census had a population of 23,218, ranking it as the state's 21st largest city. According to 2023 population estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau, Van Buren’s population is 24,138.  With a 4% growth rate from 2020 to 2023, Van Buren is Arkansas’s eighth-fastest growing city.
Coralie Franklin Cook
Coralie Franklin Cook (March 1861 – August 25, 1942) was an African-American educator, public speaker, and government official. She is also the first known descendant among those enslaved at Thomas Jefferson's Monticello estate to graduate from college. Cook, along with Mary Church Terrell, Anna J. Cooper, Angelina Weld Grimke, and Nannie Helen Burroughs, "exemplified the third generation of African American woman suffragists who related to both the Black and the white worlds."

Anna J. Cooper
Anna Julia Cooper (née Haywood; August 10, 1858 – February 27, 1964) was an African American author, educator, and activist. Although born enslaved, Cooper pursued higher education at Oberlin College in Ohio, where she earned a Bachelor of Arts in 1884 and a master's degree in mathematics in 1887. At the age of sixty-six, she completed her doctoral studies at the University of Paris, making her the fourth African American woman to earn a PhD. She was a well-known member of Washington, D.C.'s African-American community, and a member of Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority.

Cooper's scholarly contributions to sociology started with her first book, A Voice from the South: By a Black Woman of the South, which is widely acknowledged as one of the first articulations of Black feminism and gave her the often-used title of "the Mother of Black Feminism".
National Waterways Act, 2016
The National Waterways Act, 2016 is an Act of Parliament of India. It was tabled in Lok Sabha by Minister of Shipping, Road Transport and Highways Nitin Gadkari on 5 May 2015. The Act merges 5 existing Acts which have declared the 5 National Waterways and proposes 101 additional National Waterways. The Act came into force from 12 April 2016.

Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways
The Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways is the Indian ministry responsible for formulation and administration of the rules, regulations and laws relating to ports, shipping and waterways. The minister is Sarbananda Sonowal.
Southeast High Speed Rail Corridor
The Southeast High Speed Rail Corridor (SEHSR) is a proposed passenger rail transportation project in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern United States to build high-speed passenger rail services into the Southeast. Routes would extend south via Richmond and Petersburg, Virginia, with a spur to Norfolk in Virginia's Hampton Roads region; the mainline would continue south to Raleigh, Durham, Greensboro, and Charlotte, North Carolina. Since the corridor was first established in 1992, the U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT) has extended it further to Atlanta and Macon, Georgia; Greenville and Columbia, South Carolina; Jacksonville, Florida; and Birmingham, Alabama.

Environmental impact statement
An environmental impact statement (EIS), under United States environmental law, is a document required by the 1969 National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) for certain actions "significantly affecting the quality of the human environment". An EIS is a tool for decision making.  It describes the positive and negative environmental effects of a proposed action, and it usually also lists one or more alternative actions that may be chosen instead of the action described in the EIS. One of the primary authors of the act is Lynton K. Caldwell.

Preliminary versions of these documents are officially known as a draft environmental impact statement (DEIS) or draft environmental impact report (DEIR).
Korean Series Most Valuable Player Award
The Korean Series Most Valuable Player (MVP) Award is given to the player deemed to have the most impact on his team's performance in the Korean Series, which is the final round of the KBO League postseason. The award was first presented in 1982.

KBO League
The KBO League (Korean: KBO 리그) is a professional baseball league in South Korea. The league comprises ten teams. The KBO League was founded with six franchises in 1982 and is the most popular sports league in South Korea. The Kia Tigers are the most successful team, having won 12 of the 44 championships.

In comparison with American Major League Baseball, ESPN reports that the KBO level of play "appears to be somewhere between Double-A and Triple-A, on average, though the best players are more likely to be MLB-quality than your typical Double-A league." Historically, the KBO is known for its vocal and exuberant fan base, as well as the widespread practice of bat flips (ppa-dun (Korean: 빠던), a portmanteau of the "first syllables of the words for 'bat' and 'throw'") by hitters after striking what they think will be a home run. In the KBO, the bat flipping tradition dates to the 1990s.
Ashapatti Tamrakar
Ashapatti Tamrakar (Nepali: आशापति ताम्रकार) (1904–1942) was a pioneer optician of Nepal. He imported and dispensed spectacles, and was trained in ophthalmology and orthoposcopy when such specialists were practically unheard of in Nepal.

Optician
An optician is an individual who fits glasses or contact lenses by filling a refractive prescription from an optometrist or ophthalmologist. They are able to translate and adapt ophthalmic prescriptions, dispense products, and work with accessories.  There are several specialties within the field.
Wiebelsheim
Wiebelsheim is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis (district) in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde Hunsrück-Mittelrhein, whose seat is in Emmelshausen.

Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis
Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis is a district (German: Kreis) in the middle of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The neighbouring districts are (from north clockwise) Mayen-Koblenz, Rhein-Lahn, Mainz-Bingen, Bad Kreuznach, Birkenfeld, Bernkastel-Wittlich, Cochem-Zell.
Lockwood de Forest
Lockwood de Forest (June 8, 1850 – April 3, 1932) was an American painter, interior designer and furniture designer. A key figure in the Aesthetic Movement, he introduced the East Indian craft revival to Gilded Age America.

As a young man, de Forest first worked as a painter, taking the lessons of his Hudson River School contemporaries. In 1879, de Forest began his career in the decorative arts working at Associated Artists along with Louis Comfort Tiffany, before starting his own decorating business that he ran for thirty years. Upon his retirement, de Forest moved to Santa Barbara where he returned to his love of painting while still taking design commissions from local patrons.

Hudson River School
The  Hudson River School was a mid-19th-century American art movement embodied by a group of landscape painters whose aesthetic vision was influenced by Romanticism. Early on, the paintings typically depicted the Hudson River Valley and the surrounding area, including the Catskill, Adirondack, and White Mountains.

Works by second-generation artists expanded to include other locales in New England, the Maritimes, the Western United States, and South America.
Ti Point
Ti Point is an area off Omaha Beach between the small New Zealand villages of Leigh and Whangateau. It is in the Rodney ward of Auckland. Ti Point is situated very close to Leigh and Goat Island, and is just over one hour drive north of Auckland. It is used for fishing, boating, hiking, rock climbing and yachting.

Rodney ward
Rodney Ward is a local government area in the northernmost part of New Zealand's Auckland Region, created along with the Auckland Council in 2010. The area was previously part of Rodney District; it does not include the Hibiscus Coast, which was also part of Rodney District but is now in Albany ward. The Rodney Local Board area has the same boundaries as Rodney Ward.
HSwMS Thordön (1865)
HSwMS Thordön was the second ship of the John Ericsson-class monitors built for the Royal Swedish Navy in the mid-1860s. She was designed under the supervision of the Swedish-born inventor, John Ericsson, and built in Sweden. Thordön made one foreign visit to Russia in 1867, but remained in Swedish or Norwegian waters (at the time, Sweden and Norway were united in personal union) for the rest of her career. The ship was reconstructed between 1903 and 1905, but generally remained in reserve. She was mobilized during World War I, and sold in 1922 for conversion to a barge.

John Ericsson-class monitor
The John Ericsson-class monitors were a group of five iron-hulled monitors; four were built for the Royal Swedish Navy and one for the Royal Norwegian Navy in the mid to late 1860s. They were designed under the supervision of the Swedish-born inventor, John Ericsson, and built in Sweden. Generally, the monitors were kept in reserve for the majority of the year and were only commissioned for several during the year. The ships made one foreign visit to Russia (visits to Norway did not count as foreign as that country was in a personal union with Sweden) in 1867 but remained in Swedish or Norwegian waters for the rest of their careers. Two of the monitors, Thordon and Mjølner, ran aground, but were salvaged and repaired. Most of the monitors were reconstructed between 1892 and 1905 with more modern guns, but one was scrapped instead as it was not thought cost-effective to rebuild such an old ship. The surviving ships were mobilized during World War I and sold for scrap afterwards.
Storsteinnes Chapel
Storsteinnes Chapel (Norwegian: Storsteinnes kapell) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Balsfjord Municipality in Troms county, Norway. It is located on the south side of the village of Storsteinnes. It is one of the churches for the Balsfjord parish which is part of the Senja prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nord-Hålogaland. The white, wooden church was built in a long church style in 1968. The church seats about 200 people.

Balsfjord Municipality
Balsfjord (Northern Sami: Báhccavuotna - pronounced [ˈpaːhːt͡saˌvuo̯tna]; Kven: Paatsivuono) is a municipality in Troms county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Storsteinnes. Other notable villages include Mestervik, Mortenhals, and Nordkjosbotn.

The 1,497-square-kilometre (578 sq mi) municipality is the 58th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Balsfjord is the 173rd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 5,571. The municipality's population density is 3.7 inhabitants per square kilometre (9.6/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 0.4% over the previous 10-year period.

The municipality surrounds two fjords: Malangen and Balsfjorden, surrounded by comparatively rich farmlands under majestic peaks including the southern end of the Lyngen Alps.