hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Daniel Ahlers
Daniel Paul Ahlers is an American businessman and politician who was the Democratic nominee for U.S. Senate in South Dakota in the 2020 election, which he lost to Republican incumbent Mike Rounds. Ahlers was a Democratic member of the South Dakota House of Representatives (2006–08 and 2017–19) and of the South Dakota Senate (2008–10), representing District 25, which encompasses Dell Rapids and areas north and northeast of Sioux Falls.

Sioux Falls, South Dakota
Sioux Falls (/suː ˈfɔːlz/ soo FAWLZ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is the county seat of Minnehaha County and also extends into northern Lincoln County. The population was 192,517 at the 2020 census (estimated at 209,289 in 2024). The Sioux Falls metropolitan area, with an estimated 308,000 residents, accounts for more than one-third of South Dakota's population. Chartered in 1856 on the banks of the Big Sioux River, the city is situated in rolling hills at the junction of Interstates 29 and 90.
God I'm Just Grateful
"God I'm Just Grateful" is a song recorded live by American contemporary worship collective Elevation Worship featuring Gospel musician Chandler Moore.  The song was officially released as a single on November 7, 2025, through Elevation Worship Records.  The song was written by Abubakar Baker Shariff-Farr, Moore, Joshua Coleman, Pat Barrett, and Steven Furtick, and produced by Ammo, Moore, Chris Brown, Jonathan Smith, Josh Holiday, and Furtick.

Ammo (music producer)
Joshua Emanuel Coleman, known by his stage name Ammo, is an American record producer and songwriter. He has co-written and produced songs for Alex Warren, Beyoncé, Kesha, Katy Perry, Pitbull, Maroon 5, Britney Spears, Jessie J, Jason Derulo, Mike Posner, Fifth Harmony, R. Kelly, Flo Rida, and Selena Gomez. Ammo has contributed to hits such as Maroon 5's "Sugar", Kesha's "Your Love Is My Drug", Katy Perry's "E.T.", and Fifth Harmony's "Work from Home". He started working with Dr Luke in 2009, after signing with his production company Prescription Songs.
The Gay Retreat
The Gay Retreat is a 1927 American silent comedy film directed by Benjamin Stoloff and starring Gene Cameron, Betty Francisco, Judy King, Sammy Cohen, Jerry Madden, and Holmes Herbert. The film was released by Fox Film Corporation on September 25, 1927.

It was originally to be titled A.W.O.L..

Betty Francisco
Betty Francisco (born Elizabeth Barton; September 26, 1900 – November 25, 1950) was an American silent-film actress, appearing primarily in supporting roles. Her sisters Evelyn and Margaret were also actresses.
Yu (Cyrillic)
Yu or Ju (Ю ю; italics: Ю ю or Ю ю; italics: Ю ю) is a letter of the Cyrillic script used in East Slavic and Bulgarian alphabets.

In English, Yu is commonly romanized as ⟨yu⟩ or ⟨ju⟩. In turn, ⟨ю⟩ is used, where available, in transcriptions of English letter ⟨u⟩ (in open syllables), and also of the ⟨ew⟩ digraph. The sound [y], like ⟨u⟩ in French and ⟨ü⟩ in German, may also be approximated by the letter ⟨ю⟩.

Yus
Little yus (Ѧ, ѧ; italics: Ѧ, ѧ) and big yus (Ѫ, ѫ; italics: Ѫ, ѫ), or jus, are letters of the Cyrillic script representing two Common Slavonic nasal vowels in the early Cyrillic and Glagolitic alphabets. Each can occur in iotated form (Ѩ ѩ, Ѭ ѭ), formed as ligatures with the decimal i (І). Other yus letters like the closed little yus (Ꙙ ꙙ), iotated closed little yus (Ꙝ ꙝ) and blended yus (Ꙛ ꙛ), are also used.

Phonetically, little yus represents a nasalized front vowel, possibly [ɛ̃] (like the French ‘in’ in “cinq” or Polish 'ę' in “kęs”), while big yus represents a nasalized back vowel, such as IPA [ɔ̃] (like the French ‘on’ in “bombon” or Polish 'ą' in “kąt”). This is also suggested by the appearance of each as a 'stacked' digraph of 'Am' and 'Om' respectively.

The names of the letters do not imply capitalization, as both little and big yus exist in majuscule and minuscule variants.
Napkin ring problem
In geometry, the napkin-ring problem involves finding the volume of what remains after a circular hole is drilled through a sphere.  Specifically, the hole has the shape of a right circular cylinder (with two spherical caps) whose axis goes through the center of the sphere.  Removing the "hole" leaves a circular "band".  It is a counterintuitive fact that this volume does not depend on the original sphere's radius but only on the resulting band's height.

The problem is so called because the part that remains resembles the shape of a napkin ring.

Spherical cap
In geometry, a spherical cap or spherical dome is a portion of a sphere or of a ball cut off by a plane. It is also a spherical segment of one base, i.e., bounded by a single plane. If the plane passes through the center of the sphere (forming a great circle), so that the height of the cap is equal to the radius of the sphere, the spherical cap is called a hemisphere.
Circles (film)
Circles (Serbian: Кругови/Krugovi) is a 2013 Serbian drama film directed by Srdan Golubović. The film was selected as the Serbian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 86th Academy Awards, but it was not nominated. The film won the Prize of the Ecumenical Jury at the 63rd Berlin International Film Festival and the Grand Prix, Golden Apricot at the 2013 Yerevan International Film Festival, Armenia, for Best Feature Film as well as the Grand Prix at 2013 CinEast Festival.

Yerevan International Film Festival
The Golden Apricot Yerevan International Film Festival (GAIFF; Armenian: «Ոսկե Ծիրան» Երևանի միջազգային կինոփառատոն, romanized: "Voske Tsiran" Yerevani mijazgayin kinop'arraton) is an annual film festival held in Yerevan, Armenia. The festival was founded in 2004 with the co-operation of the "Golden Apricot" Fund for Cinema Development, the Armenian Association of Film Critics and Cinema Journalists. The GAIFF is continually supported by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Armenia, the Ministry of Culture of Armenia and the Benevolent Fund for Cultural Development.The objectives of the festival are "to present new works by the film directors and producers in Armenia and foreign cinematographers of Armenian descent and to promote creativity and originality in the area of cinema and video art".
Rick Hoffman
Rick Hoffman (born June 12, 1970) is an American actor. He is known for playing Jerry Best in the Fox sitcom The Bernie Mac Show (2002–2005), Chase Chapman in the ABC comedy series Samantha Who? (2007–2009) and Louis Litt in the USA Network legal drama series Suits (2011–2019).

Samantha Who?
Samantha Who? is an American television sitcom that originally aired on ABC from October 15, 2007, to July 23, 2009. The series was created by Cecelia Ahern and Donald Todd, who also served as producers. Although highly rated during its first season, the sitcom lost viewers throughout its second season, and ABC canceled the show in May 2009 before the remaining seven episodes were burned off the 2008–09 TV schedule.

The series was produced by Brillstein Entertainment Partners and ABC Studios and executive produced by Christina Applegate, Donald Todd, Peter Traugott, Bob Kushell, Alex Reid, and Marco Pennette.
Raymond Goethals Trophy
The Raymond Goethals Trophy is an annual football award presented to a Belgian manager, whose work, achievements, and managerial style best reflect the legacy of Raymond Goethals, one of Belgium's most successful and influential football coaches. The award has been presented since 2011.

Raymond Goethals
Raymond Goethals (French: [ʁɛmɔ̃ ɡutals], Flemish: [rɛːˈmɔ̃ː ˈɣutɑls]; 7 October 1921 – 6 December 2004) was a Belgian football coach who led Marseille to victory in the UEFA Champions League final in 1993, becoming the first coach to win a European trophy with a French club.

Sometimes nicknamed "Raymond-la-science" ("Raymond-the-Science", previously the nickname of Belgian anarchist and Bonnot gang member Raymond Callemin), "le sorcier" ("the Wizard") or "le magicien" ("the Magician"), Goethals was known for his blunt way of speaking, his habit of mispronouncing players' names and his distinctive Brussels accent. A chain smoker, he was likened to TV police detective Lieutenant Columbo. He was the father of the referee Guy Goethals, who officiated at the 1992 European Championship and 1996 European Championship.
Los astronautas
Los astronautas (English: The Astronauts) is a 1964 Mexican comic science fiction film directed by Miguel Zacarías and starring the double act Viruta y Capulina, performed by Marco Antonio Campos and Gaspar Henaine.

Gaspar Henaine
Gaspar Henaine (6 January 1927 – 30 September 2011), more commonly known by his pseudonym Capulina, was a Mexican comedian, actor, singer, film producer, and screenwriter. He was best known for partnering with Marco Antonio Campos as the double act Viruta and Capulina and for his subsequent solo career. He was later given the nickname "El Rey del Humorismo Blanco" (The King of White Humor), due to his clean, innocent style of comedy.
History of education in Korea
The history of education in Korea can be traced back to the Three Kingdoms of Korea, or even back to the prehistoric period. Both private schools and public schools were prominent. Public education was established as early as the 400 AD. Historically, the education has been heavily influenced by Confucianism and Buddhism.

Yangban
The yangban (Korean: 양반; Hanja: 兩班; IPA: [ja̠ŋba̠n]) were part of the traditional ruling class or gentry of dynastic Korea during the Joseon period. The yangban were mainly composed of highly educated civil officials and military officers—landed or unlanded aristocrats who individually exemplified the Korean Confucian form of a "scholarly official". They were largely government administrators and bureaucrats who oversaw medieval and early modern Korea's traditional agrarian bureaucracy until the end of the dynasty in 1897. In a broader sense, an office holder's family and descendants, as well as country families who claimed such descent, were socially accepted as yangban.

In contemporary Korean language, the term yangban can be used either as a compliment or insult.
Niamh McCarthy
Niamh McCarthy (born 4 January 1994) is an Irish Paralympic discus thrower, competing in the F41 classification, a classification for persons of reduced stature. She is the 2018 European champion in the event at her classification and, as of August 2018, the European record holder at 31.76 metres.

T41 (classification)
T41 is  disability sport classification for disability athletics. It is used in track athlete and has a sister classification F41 for field athletes.  This is a classification for athletes with short stature.
Rajkot–Coimbatore Express
The 16613 / 16614 Rajkot–Coimbatore Express is an Express train run by Indian Railways between Coimbatore Junction in Tamil Nadu and Rajkot Junction in Gujarat. The train made its inaugural run on 15 August 1998.

Coimbatore Junction railway station
Coimbatore Junction railway station (station code: CBE) is a railway station located in Coimbatore in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is the major rail-head in the city and comes under the jurisdiction of Salem railway division of Southern Railway zone. It is one of the busiest and highest revenue generating stations in India. The station lies on the Jolarpettai–Shoranur main line and has six side platforms.
4318 Baťa
4318 Baťa, provisional designation 1980 DE1, is a dark background asteroid from the outermost regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 27 kilometers (17 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 21 February 1980, by astronomer Zdeňka Vávrová at the Kleť Observatory in the Czech Republic. The D-type asteroid has a rotation period of 10.6 hours and is likely elongated in shape. It was named in memory of Czech businessman Tomáš Baťa.

D-type asteroid
D-type asteroids have a very low albedo and a featureless reddish spectrum. It has been suggested that they have a composition of organic-rich silicates, carbon and anhydrous silicates, possibly with water ice in their interiors. D-type asteroids are found in the outer asteroid belt and beyond; examples are 152 Atala, 944 Hidalgo and most Jupiter trojans.  It has been suggested that the Tagish Lake meteorite was a fragment from a D-type asteroid, and that the Martian moon Phobos is closely related.

The Nice model suggests that D-type asteroids may have originated in the Kuiper belt.    46 D-type asteroids are known, including: 3552 Don Quixote, 944 Hidalgo, 624 Hektor, and 10199 Chariklo.
Håkan Adolfsson
Håkan Adolfsson (born 10 September 1971) is a Swedish former bandy player who most recently Vetlanda BK as a forward.

Håkan has only played for Vetlanda BK where he began playing professionally in 1992. He has now made over 200 appearances for the club and is its longest serving player along with Rolf Hedberg who also began with the club in the 1992–93 season.

Vetlanda BK
Vetlanda BK is a bandy club in Vetlanda, Sweden.

Vetlanda BK was established in December 1944. While the exact date seems to be unknown, 6 December is usually credited. On 1 January 1945 the club played its first game, 4–4 on away soil against Flugeby.

The home arena is called Hydro Arena. The team colour is yellow. Vetlanda BK has won the Swedish bandy championship three times, 1986, 1991 and 1992 and European Cup once, 1991
Harris Schurmeier
Harris McIntosh Schurmeier (July 4, 1924 – November 23, 2013) was an American aerospace engineer at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, best known as the project manager of the Ranger lunar program and Voyager program to the outer planets. After the first six Ranger spacecraft failed, Schurmeier implemented new quality control and testing procedures that led to three consecutive successful missions from 1964 to 1965. He later served as Voyager's first project manager from 1972 to 1976.

Bill Pickering (rocket scientist)
William Hayward Pickering ONZ KBE (24 December 1910 – 15 March 2004) was a New Zealand-born aerospace engineer who headed Pasadena, California's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) for 22 years, retiring in 1976. He was a senior NASA luminary and pioneered the exploration of space. Pickering was also a founding member of the United States National Academy of Engineering.
Pimavanserin
Pimavanserin, sold under the brand name Nuplazid, is an atypical antipsychotic which is approved for the treatment of Parkinson's disease psychosis. It is taken by mouth.

Side effects of pimavanserin include peripheral edema and confusion. Unlike other antipsychotics, pimavanserin is not a dopamine receptor antagonist, but rather is a selective antagonist or inverse agonist of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor and to a lesser extent of the serotonin 5-HT2C receptor.

Pimavanserin was first approved for medical use in 2016. It was approved as a generic medication in 2024.

Peripheral edema
Peripheral edema is edema (accumulation of fluid causing swelling) in tissues perfused by the peripheral vascular system, usually in the lower limbs. In the most dependent parts of the body (those hanging distally), it may be called dependent edema.
William Van Cleave
William Robert Van Cleave (August 27, 1935 – March 15, 2013) was an American political scientist and an advisor to President Ronald Reagan, the United States Department of Defense, and Department of State as well as Emeritus Professor, former head, and the founder of Missouri State University's Department of Defense and Strategic Studies (DSS). The DSS program is now located in Fairfax, Virginia, 10 miles from Washington D.C. He was also advisory council member of the Center for Security Policy, board advisor of the American Center for Democracy, and National Institute for Public Policy. As a strategic thinker, he is remembered as a leading Cold Warrior and long-standing hawkish policy advocate.

Fairfax, Virginia
Fairfax (/ˈfɛərfæks/ FAIR-faks) is an independent city in Virginia and the county seat of Fairfax County, Virginia,  United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 24,146.

Fairfax is part of both the Washington metropolitan area and Northern Virginia regions. It is located 14 miles (23 km) west of Washington, D.C. Fairfax is served by  Washington Metro's Orange Line.

George Mason University, located in unincorporated Fairfax County along Fairfax's southern border, is the largest public university in Virginia with 40,185 students as of 2023.
Didia
Didia was High Priest of Ptah during the reign of Ramesses II. Didia succeeded his father Pahemnetjer into the office of High Priest of Ptah.

Didia likely became High Priest of Ptah in the 35th year of Ramesses II. Didia held the office of high priest for some fifteen years. He was eventually succeeded by Prince Khaemwaset in about year 50 of Ramesses II.

Didia is attested in an inscription on a stela (BM 183) showing several High Priests of Ptah. The stela shows the High Priests of Ptah Pahemnetjer, Didia, the Vizier Prehotep (Didia's brother), an official named Meryti and the troop Commander Pay, as well as four women named Tyti, Sheritre, Mutnofret and Setmenti. The stela is dedicated by Huneroy (probably the wife of Pahemnetjer and mother of Rahotep and Didia).

Khaemweset
Prince Khaemweset (also translated as Khamwese, Khaemwese or Khaemwaset or Setne Khamwas) (c. 1281 BCE - 1225 BCE) was the fourth son of Ramesses II and the second son by his queen Isetnofret. He was also Merneptah's older brother. His contributions to Egyptian society were remembered for centuries after his death. Khaemweset has been described as "the first Egyptologist" due to his efforts in identifying and restoring historic buildings, tombs and temples.
John Henry Hubbard
John Henry Hubbard (March 24, 1804 in Salisbury, Connecticut – July 30, 1872 in Litchfield, Connecticut) was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from Connecticut's 4th congressional district from 1863 to 1867. He also served as a member of the Connecticut Senate from 1847 to 1849.

Salisbury, Connecticut
Salisbury (/ˈsɑːlzbɛri/) is a town situated in Litchfield County, Connecticut, United States. The town is the northwesternmost in the state of Connecticut; the Connecticut-Massachusetts-New York tri-state marker is located at the northwestern corner of the town. The population was 4,194 at the 2020 census. The town is part of the Northwest Hills Planning Region.
Liberation of Warsaw concentration camp
The liberation of Warsaw concentration camp, also known as the liberation of Gęsiówka, was a successful assault on the Nazi Warsaw concentration camp (popularly known as Gęsiówka) carried out by the Zośka Battalion of the Home Army on 5 August 1944, on the fifth day of the Warsaw Uprising.

The aim of the Polish attack was to free the prisoners and establish a connection between Wola and the Old Town. The strong German defences were broken thanks to the use of a captured Panther tank. At a cost of minor casualties, the Home Army soldiers captured Gęsiówka and liberated 348 Jews, most of whom joined the uprising.

Wola
Wola (Polish pronunciation: [ˈvɔla] ⓘ) is a district in western Warsaw, Poland. An industrial area with traditions reaching back to the early 19th century, it underwent a transformation into a major financial district, featuring various landmarks and some of the tallest office buildings in the city.
Sekheperenre
Sekheperenre was an Egyptian pharaoh of the 14th Dynasty of Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period. According to the Egyptologists Kim Ryholt and Darrell Baker, Sekheperenre was the twenty-second king of the dynasty; alternatively, Jürgen von Beckerath sees him as the seventeenth ruler.
As a king of the 14th Dynasty, Sekheperenre would have reigned from Avaris over the eastern Nile Delta and possibly over the western Delta as well.

Nehesy
Nehesy Aasehre (Nehesi) was a ruler of Lower Egypt during the fragmented Second Intermediate Period. He is placed by most scholars into the early 14th Dynasty, as either the second or the sixth pharaoh of this dynasty. As such he is considered to have reigned for a short time c. 1705 BC and would have ruled from Avaris over the eastern Nile Delta. Recent evidence makes it possible that a second person with this name, a son of a Hyksos king, lived at a slightly later time during the late 15th Dynasty c. 1580 BC. It is possible that most of the artefacts attributed to the king Nehesy mentioned in the Turin canon, in fact belong to this Hyksos prince.
Blerim Džemaili
Blerim Džemaili (Albanian: Blerim Xhemaili, pronounced [blɛˈɾim dʒɛˈmaili]; Macedonian: Блерим Џемаили; born 12 April 1986) is a former professional footballer who played as a midfielder.

He began his career at FC Zürich, where he won the Swiss Super League twice. He subsequently spent most of his career in Italy, making 280 Serie A appearances for Torino, Parma, Napoli, Genoa and Bologna.

Born in Yugoslavia, Džemaili made his debut for the Switzerland national team in March 2006 and went on to make over 65 appearances. He was selected for their squads at the FIFA World Cup in 2006, 2014 and 2018, as well as UEFA Euro 2016.

Swiss Super League
The Super League (also known as the Brack Super League for sponsorship reasons) is a professional association football league in Switzerland and the highest level of the Swiss football league system. It has been played in its current format since the 2003–04 season. The Swiss Super League is ranked 16th in Europe according to UEFA's ranking of league coefficients, which is based upon Swiss team performances in European competitions. The 2025–26 season is the 129th season of the Swiss top-flight, making it the longest continuously running top-flight national league.
NADPH:quinone reductase
In enzymology, a NADPH:quinone reductase (EC 1.6.5.5) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

NADPH + H+ + 2quinone  NADP+ + 2semiquinone

The 3 substrates of this enzyme are NADPH, H+, and quinone, whereas its two products are NADP+ and semiquinone.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on NADH or NADPH with a quinone or similar compound as acceptor.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is NADPH:quinone oxidoreductase. This enzyme is also called NADPH2:quinone reductase.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, abbreviated NADP or, in older notation, TPN (triphosphopyridine nucleotide), is a cofactor used in anabolic reactions, such as the Calvin cycle and lipid and nucleic acid syntheses, which require it as a reducing agent ('hydrogen source'). NADPH is the reduced form, whereas NADP+ is the oxidized form. NADP+ is used by all forms of cellular life. NADP+ is essential for life because it is needed for cellular respiration.

NADP+ differs from NAD+ by the presence of an additional phosphate group on the 2' position of the ribose ring that carries the adenine moiety. This extra phosphate is added by NAD+ kinase and removed by NADP+ phosphatase.
Doctor Alchemy
Doctor Alchemy is a name used by three different supervillains appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The most notable was Albert Desmond, Dr. Curtis Engstrom and Alexander Petrov.

The character appeared as a recurring cast member on The CW television series third season of The Flash played by Tom Felton. The character makes his cinematic debut in the DC Extended Universe film The Flash, played by Rudy Mancuso.

Rudy Mancuso
Rodolfo Mancuso (born February 28, 1992) is an American Internet personality, musician, filmmaker, and actor. He is known for making comedy skits with his friends on YouTube and Vine as well as for being behind many voices in the YouTube channel Awkward Puppets. He made his filmmaking debut in 2024 with Música.