hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aristotle of Athens
Aristoteles (Ancient Greek: Ἀριστοτέλης) or Aristotle was one of the thirty tyrants established at Athens in 404 BCE. From an allusion in the speech of Theramenes before his condemnation, Aristoteles appears to have been also one of the Four Hundred oligarchs in the Athenian coup of 411 BC, and to have taken an active part in the scheme of fortifying Eëtioneia and admitting the Spartans into the Piraeus in 411 BCE.

In 405 BCE he was living in banishment, and is mentioned by the writer Xenophon as being with Lysander during the siege of Athens. Plato introduces him as one of the persons in the Parmenides and as a very young man at the time of the dialogue.

There was also an "Aristotle of Athens" mentioned by Diogenes Laërtius, who was apparently an orator and statesman, under whose name were known some forensic orations that later writers considered distinguished for their elegance. This person may be identical with Aristoteles.

Thirty Tyrants
The Thirty Tyrants (Ancient Greek: οἱ τριάκοντα τύραννοι, hoi triákonta týrannoi) were an oligarchy that briefly ruled Athens from 404 BC to 403 BC. Installed into power by the Spartans after the Athenian surrender in the Peloponnesian War, the Thirty became known for their tyrannical rule, first being called "The Thirty Tyrants" by Polycrates. Although they maintained power for only eight months, their reign resulted in the killing of 5% of the Athenian population, the confiscation of citizens' property, and the exile of other democratic supporters.
Las Arañas, Santiago Metropolitan Region
Las Arañas is a hamlet (Spanish: caserío) in the Andes of Santiago Metropolitan Region, Chile. It is located about 1086 m asl. in Cajón del Maipo, southeast of San José de Maipo. Its name means literally "The Spiders".

San José de Maipo
San José de Maipo is the name of a commune in Chile and the city within it, located in Cordillera Province, Santiago Metropolitan Region, some 48 kilometers south-east of capital Santiago, bordered on the east by Argentina which lies across the Andes.
Saddle Mountain Roundup
Saddle Mountain Roundup is a 1941 American Western film directed by S. Roy Luby. The film is the ninth in Monogram Pictures' "Range Busters" series, and it stars Ray "Crash" Corrigan as Crash, John "Dusty" King as Dusty and Max "Alibi" Terhune as Alibi, with Lita Conway, Jack Mulhall and Willie Fung.

Monogram Pictures
Monogram Pictures Corporation was an American film studio that produced mostly low-budget films between 1931 and 1953, when the firm completed a transition to the name Allied Artists Pictures Corporation. Monogram was among the minor studios in the golden age of Hollywood, generally referred to collectively as Poverty Row. Of the 11 permanent studios in Hollywood at the time, ranked in order of size, MGM was #1 -- and Monogram was #10 (the only one smaller was PRC).

The Monogram trademark is now owned by Allied Artists International. The original sprawling brick complex which functioned as home to both Monogram and Allied Artists remains at 4376 W Sunset Blvd, as part of the Church of Scientology Media Center (formerly KCET's television facilities).
Amritsar–Khem Karan line
The Amritsar–Khem Karan line is a railway route on the Northern Railway zone of Indian Railways. This route plays an important role in rail transportation in Punjab state.

The corridor passes through the Plain Areas of Punjab and some portion are near the bank of the Beas River with a stretch of 77 km which connects Amritsar Junction situated on Ambala–Attari line and Khem Karan. It has a branch line that starts from Tarn Taran Junction and ends at Beas Junction with a stretch of 49 km.

Beas Junction railway station
Beas Junction Railway Station is located in Amritsar district serving the town of Beas, in Punjab, North India. It is under the Firozpur railway division of the Northern Railway Zone of Indian Railways. It bags the award for the cleanest Railway Station in India.
1979 Pacific Coast Athletic Association men's basketball tournament
The 1979 Pacific Coast Athletic Association men's basketball tournament (now known as the Big West Conference men's basketball tournament) was held March 1–3 at the Anaheim Convention Center in Anaheim, California.

Top-seeded Pacific topped PCAA-newcomers Utah State in the championship game, 82–73, to win its first PCAA/Big West men's basketball tournament.

The Tigers, in turn, received a bid to the 1979 NCAA tournament. They were joined in the tournament by Utah State, who earned an at-large bid.

1978–79 Pacific Tigers men's basketball team
The 1978–79 Pacific Tigers men's basketball team represented the University of the Pacific during the 1978–79 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Tigers were led by 7th-year head coach Stan Morrison and played their home games at the Stockton Memorial Civic Auditorium in Stockton, California as members of the Pacific Coast Athletic Association.
Dutch Research Council
The Dutch Research Council (NWO, Dutch: Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek) is the national research council of the Netherlands. NWO funds thousands of top researchers at universities and institutes and steers the course of Dutch science by means of subsidies and research programmes. NWO promotes quality and innovation in science. NWO is an independent administrative body under the auspices of the Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science.

NWO directs its approximate budget of 1 billion euros towards Dutch universities and institutes, often on a project basis. Also, NWO has its own research institutes and facilitates international cooperation. The president of NWO since April 2021 is Marcel Levi. Former NWO presidents include Stan Gielen, Peter Nijkamp and Jos Engelen.

NWO is also known for the annual Spinoza and Stevin Prizes.

Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (Netherlands)
The Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (Dutch: Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap; OCW) is the Dutch Ministry responsible for education, culture, science, research, gender equality and communications. The Ministry was created in 1918 as the Ministry of Education, Arts and Sciences and had several name changes before it became the Education, Culture and Science in 1994. The Ministry is headed by the Minister of Education, Culture and Science, currently Gouke Moes.
2026 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio
The 2026 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio will be held on November 3, 2026, to elect the fifteen U.S. representatives from the State of Ohio, one from each of the state's congressional districts. The elections coincide with other elections to the House of Representatives, a special election to the United States Senate, and various state and local elections. The primary elections will take place on May 5, 2026.

2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio
The 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio were held on November 5, 2024, to elect the fifteen U.S. representatives from the State of Ohio, one from each of the state's congressional districts. The elections coincided with the 2024 U.S. presidential election, as well as other elections to the House of Representatives, an election to the United States Senate, and various state and local elections. The primary elections took place on March 19, 2024.
Ebony
Ebony is a dense black–brown hardwood, coming from several species in the genus Diospyros, which also includes the persimmon. A few Diospyros species, such as macassar and mun ebony, are dense enough to sink in water. Ebony is finely textured and has a mirror finish when polished, making it valuable as an ornamental wood. It is often cited as one of the most expensive woods in the world.

Persimmon
The persimmon (/pərˈsɪmən/) is the edible fruit of a number of species of trees in the genus Diospyros. The most widely cultivated of these is the Chinese and Japanese kaki persimmon, Diospyros kaki. In 2022, China produced 77% of the world's persimmons.
2011 FIA WTCC Race of UK
The 2011 FIA WTCC Race of UK was the seventh round of the 2011 World Touring Car Championship season and the seventh running of the FIA WTCC Race of UK. It was held on 17 July 2011 at the Donington Park circuit in Leicestershire, England.

Both races were won by Chevrolet RML driver Yvan Muller. Franz Engstler finished on the podium in the WTCC for the first time in race two when he finished third.

2011 World Touring Car Championship
The 2011 World Touring Car Championship season was the eighth season of the FIA World Touring Car Championship, and the seventh since its 2005 return. The championship, which was open to Super 2000 cars and Diesel 2000 cars, began with the Race of Brazil at Curitiba on 20 March and ended with the Guia Race of Macau at the Guia Circuit on 20 November, after twelve events and twenty-four races.

The series underwent major changes with new circuits Suzuka and Tianma coming into the championship, new drivers such as Pepe Oriola to SUNRED Engineering and Robert Dahlgren with Polestar Racing for the whole season. The series lost the FIA Formula Two Championship as a support championship, but it was replaced by Auto GP. It was also supported by a brand new series, European Production Series which supported the six rounds at Zolder, Monza, Brno, Donington, Oschersleben and Valencia.
Lalo language
Lalo (Chinese: 腊罗; Western Yi) is a Loloish language cluster spoken in western Yunnan, China by 300,000 speakers. Speakers are officially part of the Yi nationality, and Chinese linguists refer to it as "Western Yi" due to its distribution in western Yunnan. Lalo speakers are mostly located in southern Dali Prefecture, especially Weishan County, considered the traditional homeland of the Lalo. Historically, this area is the home of the Meng clan, who ruled the Nanzhao Kingdom (737–902 CE). Many speakers of Core Lalo dialects claim to be descendants of the Meng clan.

Eka language
Eka (autonym: o21 kha24; exonym: Menghua) is a Loloish language of Yunnan, China. There are 3,000 speakers in Yijiacun, Heliu, Shuangjiang County, Lincang Prefecture. Eka speakers claim to have migrated from Weishan County about 300 years ago.
Regulation Q
Regulation Q (12 CFR 217) is a Federal Reserve regulation which sets out capital requirements for banks in the United States. The version of Regulation Q current as of 2023 was enacted in 2013.

From 1933 until 2011, an earlier version of Regulation Q imposed various restrictions on the payment of interest on deposit accounts. During that entire period, it prohibited banks from paying interest on demand deposits. From 1933 until 1986 it also imposed maximum rates of interest on various other types of bank deposits, such as savings accounts  and NOW accounts. That version of Regulation Q no longer exists; all its remaining aspects, such as the type of entities that may own or maintain interest-bearing NOW accounts, were incorporated into Regulation D.

Regulation D (FRB)
Reserve Requirements for Depository Institutions (12 CFR 204, Regulation D) is a Federal Reserve regulation governing the reserves that banks and credit unions keep to satisfy depositor withdrawals. Although the regulation still requires banks to report the aggregate balances of their deposit accounts to the Federal Reserve, most of its provisions are inactive as a result of policy changes during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Composition operator
In mathematics, the composition operator  with symbol  is a linear operator defined by the rule

where  denotes function composition. It is also encountered in composition of permutations in permutation groups.

The study of composition operators is covered by AMS category 47B33.

Measurable function
In mathematics, and in particular measure theory, a measurable function is a function between the underlying sets of two measurable spaces that preserves the structure of the spaces: the preimage of any measurable set is measurable. This is in direct analogy to the definition that a continuous function between topological spaces preserves the topological structure: the preimage of any open set is open. In real analysis, measurable functions are used in the definition of the Lebesgue integral. In probability theory, a measurable function on a probability space is known as a random variable.
Georg Stahlberg
Georg Karl Stahlberg  (15 March 1866 Tartu – 6 March 1942 Tartu) was an Estonian opera singer (bass) and music pedagogue.

In 1890 he graduated from the University of Tartu in agriculture. He taught singing in 1894 in St. Petersburg at O. Seffer; in 1895 in Köln at B. Stolzenberg; and from 1896 to 1897 in Venice at Antonio Selva. From 1898 to 1902 he sang at the Hamburg State Opera. In 1902 he returned to Tartu. He became a music pedagogue and also sang in oratorios and operas in Estonia and abroad. From 1922 to 1928 he taught at Tartu Music School. His students included Leenart Neuman, Benno Hansen, Rudolf Jõks, Aarne Viisimaa, Martin Taras, Arno Niitof.

Aarne Viisimaa
Aarne Viisimaa (born as Arnold Peeter Visman; 25 November 1898, Sangaste – 2 October 1989, Stockholm) was an Estonian operatic tenor and opera director. He was notably the director of the Estonian National Opera from 1927 to 1944. As an opera singer, he performed such roles as Eisenstein in Die Fledermaus, Lenski in Eugene Onegin, Ottavio in Don Giovanni, Pinkerton in Madama Butterfly, Tamino in The Magic Flute, and the title roles in Faust and Lohengrin among others. He is buried in the Metsakalmistu cemetery in Tallinn, Estonia.

Viisimaa was a member of the Ugala Fraternity.

His son Vello Viisimaa was an actor and also an opera singer.
Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca
The Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca (Spanish: Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, UABJO) is a public university located in the city of Oaxaca de Juárez in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico.

The university was founded on January 8, 1827, as the Institute of Sciences and Arts of Oaxaca. Initially courses were offered in Medicine, Surgery, Civil and Natural Law, Public Law, Canon Law and Ecclesiastical History, Political Economy, Statistics, Geography and Physics, Mathematics, Logic, Ethics, English, and French.

Isthmus Zapotec
Isthmus Zapotec, also known as Juchitán Zapotec (native name diidxazá; Spanish: Zapoteco del Istmo), is a Zapotec language spoken in Tehuantepec and Juchitán de Zaragoza, in the Mexican state of Oaxaca. According to the census of 1990 it has about 85,000 native speakers, however this number is rapidly decreasing, as speakers shift to Spanish.

Guevea de Humboldt Zapotec, a different language, is sometimes referred to as "Northern Isthmus Zapotec."

Since the Ley General de Derechos Lingüísticos de los Pueblos Indígenas was passed in 2003 Isthmus Zapotec, along with all other indigenous languages of Mexico, was officially recognised by the Mexican State.
Bouguer (lunar crater)
Bouguer is a lunar impact crater that lies along the southern edge of the Mare Frigoris, to the north of the crater Bianchini. To the west-southwest of Bouguer, along the same shore of the mare, is the crater Foucault. Nearly due west is the more prominent Harpalus, and to the west is La Condamine.

This is a relatively young crater with well-defined edge. The formation is relatively circular, but there are slight outward bulges to the east, north-northwest, and southwest. There is some evidence of slumping in the eastern bulge. The interior floor occupies about half the crater diameter, and is relatively level and featureless.

Bianchini (lunar crater)
Bianchini is a lunar impact crater that lies along the northern Jura Mountains that ring the Sinus Iridum, in the northwestern part of the near side of the Moon. It was named after Italian astronomer Francesco Bianchini. The impact of this crater near the edge of the Jura Mountains deposited some material into the Sinus Iridum floor.

The rim of this crater is not significantly worn, although there is a small crater along the inner side of the eastern rim. Within the inner wall is a somewhat irregular floor and a small cluster of ridges at the midpoint. Portions of the inner wall have slumped toward the floor along the northern edges.

Bianchini is a crater of Upper (Late) Imbrian age.
Clinopodium
Clinopodium is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, in the subtribe Menthinae. Clinopodium belongs to a large and complex group of genera including many New World mints such as Hedeoma, Monarda, and Pycnanthemum, and this group is in turn a sister clade to Mentha. The genus name Clinopodium is derived from the Latin clinopodion, from the Ancient Greek κλινοπόδιον (klinopódion), from κλίνη (klínē) "bed" and πόδιον (pódion) "little foot". These were names for Clinopodium vulgare. They allude to the form of the calyx.

Clinopodium species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Coleophora albitarsella.

Various Clinopodium species are used as medicinal herbs. For example, C. macrostemum is used in Mexico as a tea under the name poleo or yerba de borracho to cure hangovers, stomach aches, and liver disease.

Clinopodium coccineum
Clinopodium coccineum, commonly known as scarlet calamint or red basil, is a evergreen perennial plant of the family Lamiaceae.

It is indigenous to the coastal areas of south-eastern United States and is found in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, and Mississippi. C. coccineum is a woody perennial, which grows to a height of 12–35 in (30–90 cm). It produces reddish-orange tubular labiate flowers. It has simple obovate leaves, with dentate margins. The leaves have a glandular (downy) surface and are opposite.
Dicalcium ruthenate
Dicalcium ruthenate, commonly referred to as calcium ruthenate with the chemical formula Ca2RuO4, is a stoichiometric oxide compound that hosts a multi-orbital (band) Mott insulating ground state as it exhibits strong coupling between lattice, spin and orbital degrees of freedom. For this reason, Ca2RuO4 serves as an important "meeting-point" between conceptual developments of strongly correlated multi-band physics and advanced experimental spectroscopies. Its electronic structure and also orbital magnetism are therefore subjects of experimental and theoretical scrutiny. Ca2RuO4 belongs to the Ruddlesden–Popper family of layered perovskites (n = 1), consisting of RuO6 octahedral sheets separated by rock-salt CaO layers.

Antiferromagnetism
Antiferromagnetism is a type of magnetic ordering, just like ferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism. In antiferromagnets the individual magnetic dipoles are oriented in a way such that the bulk of the material has a vanishing total magnetization. In the simplest model, as shown in the picture on the right, neighboring moments in an ordered lattice are oriented antiparallel to one another. Since there are multiple ways of arranging magnetic moments on a lattice (especially in three dimensions), there exist various types of antiferromagnetic ordering. The phenomenon of antiferromagnetism was first introduced by Lev Landau in 1933.

Generally, antiferromagnetic order may exist at sufficiently low temperatures, but vanishes at and above the Néel temperature – named after Louis Néel, who had first identified this type of magnetic ordering. Above the Néel temperature, the material is typically paramagnetic.
History of Toulouse
The history of Toulouse, in Occitania, southern France, traces back to ancient times. After Roman rule, the city was ruled by the Visigoths and 
Merovingian and Carolingian Franks. Capital of the County of Toulouse during the Middle Ages, today it is the capital of the Midi-Pyrénées region.

Aquitaine
Aquitaine (UK: /ˌækwɪˈteɪn/, US: /ˈækwɪteɪn/; French: [akitɛn] ⓘ; Occitan: Aquitània [akiˈtanjɔ]; Basque: Akitania; Poitevin-Saintongeais: Aguiéne), archaic Guyenne or Guienne (Occitan: Guiana), is a historical region of southwestern France and a former administrative region. Since 1 January 2016 it has been part of the administrative region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. It is situated in the southwest corner of metropolitan France, along the Atlantic Ocean and the Pyrenees mountain range on the border with Spain. It is composed of five departments: Dordogne, Lot-et-Garonne, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, Landes, and Gironde. The Romans established Gallia Aquitania as a province. In the Middle Ages, Aquitaine was a kingdom and a duchy whose boundaries fluctuated considerably. For most of Aquitaine's written history, Bordeaux has been a vital port and administrative centre.
James Herbert (1660–1704)
James Herbert (1660–1704), of Tythrop House, Kingsey, Buckinghamshire, was an English politician.

Herbert was the son of the Hon. James Herbert and his wife Jane née Spiller. He married Lady Catherine Osborne, the daughter of Thomas Osborne, Earl of Danby on 1 July 1674. They had three sons and four daughters.

Thomas Osborne, 1st Duke of Leeds
Thomas Osborne, 1st Duke of Leeds, KG (20 February 1632 – 26 July 1712) was an English Tory statesman. During the reign of Charles II of England, he was the leading figure in the English government for roughly five years in the mid-1670s. Osborne fell out of favour due to corruption and other scandals. He was impeached and eventually imprisoned in the Tower of London for five years until James II of England acceded in 1685. In 1688, he was one of the Immortal Seven who invited William of Orange to depose James II during the Glorious Revolution. Osborne was again the leading figure in England's government for a few years in the early 1690s before dying in 1712.
Edmund Murray (priest)
Edmund Theodore Murray (16 August 1877 – 16 February 1969) was  Archdeacon of Cheltenham from 1943 to 1951.

Murray was educated at Uppingham School and Christ's College, Cambridge, and ordained after a period of study at  Leeds Clergy School in 1900. He served curacies at Bedale, Wymondham and Wem. He was Rector of Bourton-on-the-Hill from  1906 to  1946; during which time he was a Chaplain to the Forces from 1917 to 1919. He was appointed an Honorary Canon of Gloucester Cathedral in 1938.

Uppingham School
Uppingham School is a public school (English fee-charging boarding and day school for pupils 13–18) in Uppingham, Rutland, England, founded in 1584 by Robert Johnson, the Archdeacon of Leicester, who also established Oakham School. The headmaster, Richard Maloney, belongs to the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference and the school to the Rugby Group of British independent schools. Edward Thring was the school's best-known headmaster (in 1853–1887). His curriculum changes were adopted in other English public schools. John Wolfenden, headmaster from 1934 to 1944, chaired the Wolfenden Committee, whose report recommending the decriminalisation of homosexuality appeared in 1957. Uppingham has a musical tradition based on work by Paul David and Robert Sterndale Bennett. It has the biggest playing-field area of any school in England, in three separate areas of the town: Leicester to the west, Middle to the south, and Upper to the east.
Trimley St Martin
Trimley St. Martin is a village and civil parish in the East Suffolk district, in the county of Suffolk, England. It lies between the rivers Orwell and the Deben, on the long narrow tongue of land from Ipswich to Felixstowe referred to as the Colneis Hundred. In 2011 the parish had a population of 1942.

The village, and its neighbour Trimley St. Mary, are famous for their adjacent churches, which were built as the result of a historical family feud. St. Martin's church is the northerly church (at grid reference TM 276 370).

Felixstowe
Felixstowe (/ˈfiːlɪkstoʊ/ FEE-lic-stoh) is a port town and civil parish in the East Suffolk district, in the county of Suffolk, England. The estimated population in 2017 was 24,521. The Port of Felixstowe is the largest container port in the United Kingdom. Felixstowe is approximately 72 miles (116 km) northeast of London.