hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fiscal imbalance in Australia
The fiscal imbalance in Australia is the disparity between the revenue generation ability of the three levels of governments in Australia relative to their spending obligations; but in Australia the term is commonly used to refer more specifically to the vertical fiscal imbalance, the discrepancy between the federal government's extensive capacity to raise revenue and the responsibility of the States to provide most public services, such as physical infrastructure, health care, education etc., despite having only limited capacity to raise their own revenue. In Australia, vertical fiscal imbalance is addressed by the transfer of funds as grants from the federal government to the states and territories.

Equalization payments
Equalization payments are cash payments made in some federal systems of government from the federal government to subnational governments with the objective of offsetting differences in available revenue or in the cost of providing services. Many federations use fiscal equalisation to reduce the inequalities in the fiscal capacities of sub-national governments arising from the differences in their geography, demography, natural endowments and economies. The level of equalisation sought can vary, however.

The payments are generally calculated based on the magnitude of the subnational "fiscal gap": essentially the difference between fiscal need and fiscal capacity. Fiscal capacity and fiscal need are not equivalent to measures of fiscal revenue and expenditure, as making them so would induce perverse incentives to subnational governments to reduce fiscal effort.
Jim Letten
James B. Letten (born September 12, 1953) is an American attorney. A career prosecutor, Letten served as U.S. Attorney for the Eastern District of Louisiana for more than eleven years. By the time Letten resigned as U.S. Attorney in December 2012, he was the longest-serving U.S. Attorney in the country.

After stepping down, Letten joined Tulane University Law School as an assistant dean. Letten later became of counsel with the firm of Butler Snow, while retaining his post at Tulane.

Tulane University School of Law
The Tulane University School of Law is the law school of Tulane University. It is located on Tulane's Uptown campus in New Orleans, Louisiana. Established in 1847, it is the 12th oldest law school in the United States.
Madeleine Thien
Madeleine Thien (traditional Chinese: 鄧敏靈; simplified Chinese: 邓敏灵; pinyin: Dèng Mǐnlíng; b. 1974) is a Canadian short story writer and novelist. The Oxford Handbook of Canadian Literature has considered her work as reflecting the increasingly trans-cultural nature of Canadian literature, exploring art, expression and politics inside Cambodia and China, as well as within diasporic East Asian communities. Thien's critically acclaimed novel, Do Not Say We Have Nothing, won the 2016 Governor General's Award for English-language fiction, the Scotiabank Giller Prize, and the Edward Stanford Travel Writing Awards for Fiction. It was shortlisted for the 2016 Man Booker Prize, the 2017 Baileys Women's Prize for Fiction, and the 2017 Rathbones Folio Prize. Her books have been translated into more than 25 languages.

The Writers' Prize
The Writers' Prize, previously known as the Rathbones Folio Prize, the Folio Prize and The Literature Prize, is a literary award that was sponsored by the London-based publisher The Folio Society for its first two years, 2014–2015. Starting in 2017, the sponsor was Rathbone Investment Management. At the 2023 award ceremony, it was announced that the prize was looking for new sponsorship as Rathbones would be ending their support. In November 2023,  having failed to secure a replacement sponsor, the award's governing body announced its rebrand as The Writers' Prize. The Folio Academy is the international group of writers and critics who nominate titles for the award.
1931 Valentine earthquake
In the early morning hours of August 16, 1931, a powerful earthquake occurred in West Texas with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe). Estimates of its magnitude range between 5.8 and 6.4 mb, making it the most powerful earthquake ever recorded in Texas history. Its epicenter was near the town of Valentine, Texas; there, the earthquake caused damage to many homes and buildings. The earthquake may have been caused by movement along oblique-slip faulting in West Texas, the most seismically active region in the state. Shaking from the earthquake was perceptible within a 400 mi (640 km) radius of the epicenter, affecting four U.S. states and northern Mexico. Several foreshocks and aftershocks accompanied the primary temblor, with the aftershocks continuing until at least November 3, 1931. The main earthquake caused no fatalities, though several people sustained minor injuries; the damage in Valentine amounted to $50,000–$75,000 ($962,195–$1,443,293 today).

Epicenter
The epicenter (/ˈɛpɪˌsɛntər/), epicentre, or epicentrum in seismology is the point on the Earth's surface directly above a hypocenter or focus, the point where an earthquake or an underground explosion originates.
Phil Lombardi
Phillip Arden Lombardi (February 20, 1963 – May 20, 2021) was an American baseball catcher who played three seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB).  He played for the New York Yankees and New York Mets from 1986 to 1989.  Although his primary position was catcher, Lombardi played left field as well.

Left fielder
In baseball, a left fielder, abbreviated LF, is an outfielder who plays defense in left field. Left field is the area of the outfield to the left of a person standing at home plate and facing towards the pitcher's mound. In the numbering system used to record defensive plays, the left fielder is assigned the number seven.
Artist's book
Artists' books (or book art or book objects) are works of art that engage with and transform the form of a book. Some are mass-produced with multiple editions, and some in small editions, while others are produced as one-of-a-kind objects.

There is no single definition of an artist's book, and formulating a definition is cumbersome and subject to debate. Importantly, the creation of artists' books incorporates a variety of formats and genres. They have a complex history, with a particular focus and growth in contemporary artist movements. They also have recently grown in popularity, especially in art institutions, and have become popular in art library reference workshops. The exact definition and usage of artists' books has become more fluid and porous alongside the growth in popularity of artists' books.

Marcel Duchamp
Henri-Robert-Marcel Duchamp (UK: /ˈdjuːʃɒ̃/, US: /djuːˈʃɒ̃, djuːˈʃɑːmp/; French: [maʁsɛl dyʃɑ̃]; 28 July 1887 – 2 October 1968) was a French American artist, chess player, and inventor who played a key role in the development of the avant-garde in the United States and in New York City, where he spent the last 25 years of his life.

Duchamp was the first artist to elevate a toilet to the status of an art form. By the time of World War I, he had rejected the work of many of his fellow artists (such as Henri Matisse) as "retinal," intended only to please the eye. Instead, he wanted to use art to serve the mind. He is commonly regarded, along with Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, as one of the three artists who helped to establish the post-industrial perspective in art history, and  his work is considered the progenitor of Conceptual art.
David Balmer
David Balmer is a former legislator in the U.S. of State of Colorado. Elected to the Colorado House of Representatives as a Republican in 2005, he won election to the Colorado Senate in 2012. In late 2015, he resigned his seat representing Senate District 27 which encompasses parts of Arapahoe County.

Colorado Senate
The Colorado State Senate is the upper house of the Colorado General Assembly, the state legislature of the US state of Colorado. It is composed of 35 members elected from single-member districts, with each district having a population of about 123,000 as of the 2000 census. Senators are elected to four-year terms, and are limited to two consecutive terms in office. Senators who are term-limited become eligible to run again after a one-term (four year) respite.

The Colorado Senate convenes at the State Capitol in Denver.
Andagua volcanic field
The Andagua volcanic field (also known as Andahua) is a volcanic field in southern Peru which includes a number of cinder cones, lava domes and lava flows which have filled the Andagua Valley (which is also known as Valley of the Volcanoes for this reason). The volcanic field is part of a larger volcanic province that clusters around the Colca River and is mostly of Pleistocene age, although the Andagua sector also features volcanic cones with historical activity, with the last eruption about 370 years ago. Eruptions were mostly effusive, generating lava flows, cones and small eruption columns. Future eruptions are possible, and there is ongoing fumarolic activity. Volcanic activity in the field has flooded the Andahua valley with lava flows, damming local watersheds in the Laguna de Chachas, Laguna Mamacocha and Laguna Pumajallo lakes and burying the course of the Andagua River. The Andahua valley segment of the larger volcanic province was declared a geopark in 2015.

Eruption column
An eruption column or eruption plume is a cloud of super-heated ash and tephra suspended in gases emitted during an explosive volcanic eruption. The volcanic materials form a vertical column or plume that may rise many kilometers into the air above the vent of the volcano. In the most explosive eruptions, the eruption column may rise over 40 km (25 mi), penetrating the stratosphere. Injection of aerosols into the stratosphere by volcanoes is a major cause of short-term climate change.

A common occurrence in explosive eruptions is column collapse when the eruption column is or becomes too dense to be lifted high into the sky by air convection, and instead falls down the slopes of the volcano to form pyroclastic flows or surges (although the latter is less dense). On some occasions, if the material is not dense enough to fall, it may create pyrocumulonimbus clouds.
Johanna Teague
Johanna Christina Teague (born 8 March 1973) is a Swedish diplomat who currently serves as Swedish Ambassador in Rwanda with residency in Kigali since  August 2020. Before her appointment, she served as Group Manager at the Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs' International Development Cooperation Agency. Previously, she had served as an Advisor to the Minister for Development at Sida in Stockholm and Bolivia, as well as for the UN's Populations Fund in La Paz (UNFPA)

She is the second Swedish ambassador in Rwanda after opening of the embassy and replaced Jenny Ohlsson in August 2020.

Jenny Ohlsson
Jenny Ohlsson (born 1975) is a Swedish diplomat. She has served as Sweden's ambassador to Eritrea since 1 October 2023, with her post based in Stockholm. From 2021 to 2022, she was State Secretary to Sweden's Minister for International Development Cooperation at the Ministry for Foreign Affairs.
Frank L. Sweetser
Frank Loel Sweetser (June 2, 1873 – December 17, 1953) was an American pioneer management consultant, business executive, and organizational theorist.

He was general manager of the Dutchess Manufacturing Company, and served as president of the American Management Association, and of the National Association of Cost Accountants, now Institute of Management Accountants.

American Management Association
The American Management Association (AMA) is an American non-profit educational membership organization for the promotion of management, based in New York City. Besides its headquarters there, it has local head offices throughout the world.

It offers its members a wide range of training programs, seminars, conferences, studies, and publications, which cover topics as diverse as industrial or commercial management, artificial intelligence, communication, finance and accounting, human resources management, leadership, international management, marketing and sales.

As a corporate training and consulting group, it provides a variety of educational and management development services to businesses, government agencies, and individuals.
Who Do You Wanna Be
"Who Do You Wanna Be" is the eighth single by the Dutch girl group Luv', released in the autumn of 1979 by Philips/Phonogram Records. This song appears on the formation's debut album With Luv' and their first compilation "Greatest Hits". It was the trio's closing release under their contract with Philips/Phonogram just before they joined CNR/Carrere Records.

Phonogram Inc.
Phonogram Incorporated was started in 1970 as a successor to Philips Phonographic Industries, a unit of the Grammophon-Philips Group (GPG), a joint venture of Philips N.V. of the Netherlands and Siemens AG of Germany. It was a holding company for labels which owned record labels such as Philips, Fontana, Vertigo and Mercury and distributed many other licensed labels.
Gananoque Islanders
The Gananoque Islanders were a Canadian junior team based out of Gananoque, Ontario.

They were members of the Junior C Provincial Junior Hockey League from 2016 to 2019. For the 2015–16 season they played in the Empire B Junior C Hockey League, but were members of the Eastern Ontario Junior Hockey League a Junior B hockey league from 1986 until 2015.

Provincial Junior Hockey League
The Provincial Junior Hockey League (PJHL) is a Canadian junior ice hockey league spanning parts of Southern Ontario. The PJHL is the third tier of the Ontario Hockey Association and is sanctioned by the Ontario Hockey Federation and Hockey Canada. The league was formed in 2016 with the merging of eight Junior C leagues. PJHL teams compete for the Clarence Schmalz Cup.
Boden Hockey
Boden Hockey, actually Bodens Hockeyförening or Bodens HF, is an ice hockey team in Boden, Sweden. They currently play in Division 1, the third level of ice hockey in Sweden. Their home arena is Björknäshallen. The club was founded on 3 December 2005 as the successor club to Bodens IK, which had gone into insolvency and folded two days earlier.

Bodens IK
Bodens IK is a defunct ice hockey team based in Boden, Sweden. Founded in 1987 out of the Bodens BK ice hockey section, the team operated within HockeyAllsvenskan. During the 1993–1994 season, the club was one penalty shot away from Elitserien against AIK and during the 1994–1995 season the club was one victory away from Elitserien. Also, the club played Kvalserien in 2002.

The club went into bankruptcy on 1 December 2005.
Raghukul Reet Sada Chali Aayi
Raghukul Reet Sada Chali Aayi (transl. The Tradition of the Raghukul continues) is an Indian television series based on old Indian traditions (especially from the Raghukul period), cultures, and values, which revolves around the personal relationships among people in contemporary India. It premiered on 22 November 2008, and has starred Rajesh Khanna, Dinesh Kaushik, Jaya Bhattacharya and Shresth Kumar.

Jaya Bhattacharya
Jaya Bhattacharya (Bengali pronunciation: [d͡ʒɔja bʱɔtːat͡ʃard͡ʒo]) is an Indian television actress. She is known for playing antagonistic roles in TV serials, widely known for playing  Payal in Ekta Kapoor's soap opera Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi. She also played the roles of Jigyasa Bali in Kasamh Se, Sakku Bai in Jhansi Ki Rani, and Sudha Buaa in Gangaa. She regained her popularity with her role of Vasundhara Pandey in drama series Thapki Pyar Ki (2015–2017). She appeared in Silsila Badalte Rishton Ka (2018–2019) and then she played the role of veena devi in Thapki Pyar Ki 2.
Neighborhood House (film)
Neighborhood House is a 1936 American comedy film directed by Charley Chase, Harold Law, and Alan Hale, Sr. and written by Charley Chase, Harold Law, Richard Flournoy, and Arthur Vernon Jones. The film stars Charley Chase, Rosina Lawrence, Darla Hood, George Meeker, Ben Taggart, and Dick Elliott. Originally produced as a 55-minute feature, first titled Bank Night and then Neighborhood House, the film faced legal action from the actual Bank Night corporation, which organized cash giveaways in American movie theaters. As a result, the film was withdrawn, cut down to 22 minutes, and released as a standard Charley Chase short by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.

The often-cited release date of May 9, 1936, is erroneous; this was when the unreleased feature version was scheduled for distribution. The Motion Picture Herald trade review of the feature was published on May 9. The short-subject version was released later in the year.

Darla Hood
Darla Jean Hood (November 8, 1931 – June 13, 1979) was an American child actress, best known as the female lead in the Our Gang series from 1935 to 1941. As an adult, she performed as a singer in nightclubs and on television.
Center for Security Forces
The Navy's Center for Security Forces (CENSECFOR) is one of eleven learning centers of the United States Navy's Naval Education and Training Command that is headquartered on Joint Expeditionary Base–Little Creek, in Virginia Beach, Virginia. Through fourteen learning activities CENSECFOR is responsible for the training and education of personnel in antiterrorism and force protection (ATFP), expeditionary warfare, and in survival, evasion resistance and escape techniques. CENSECFOR is also the training command for all enlisted Master-at-Arms, whose "A" school is co-located at Joint Base San Antonio - Lackland.

Lackland Air Force Base
Lackland Air Force Base (IATA: SKF, ICAO: KSKF, FAA LID: SKF) is a United States Air Force (USAF) base located in Bexar County, Texas, United States. The base is under the jurisdiction of the 802d Mission Support Group, Air Education and Training Command (AETC) and an enclave of the city of San Antonio. It is the only site for USAF and United States Space Force enlisted Basic Military Training (BMT).

Lackland AFB is part of Joint Base San Antonio (JBSA), an amalgamation of Fort Sam Houston, Randolph AFB and Lackland AFB, which were merged on 1 October 2010. JBSA was established in accordance with congressional legislation implementing the recommendations of the 2005 Base Realignment and Closure Commission. The legislation ordered the consolidation of the three facilities which were adjoining, but separate military installations, into a single joint base – one of 12 joint bases formed in the United States as a result of the law.
Megan Follows
Megan Elizabeth Laura Diana Follows (/ˈmiːɡən/ MEE-gən; born March 14, 1968) is a Canadian actress and director. She is known for her role as Anne Shirley in the 1985 Canadian television miniseries Anne of Green Gables and its two sequels. From 2013 to 2017, she starred as Catherine de' Medici, Queen of France, in the television drama series Reign.

Reign (TV series)
Reign is an historical romantic drama television series created by Laurie McCarthy
and Stephanie SenGupta for The CW. Set in the late 16th century, the series revolves around the life of Mary, Queen of Scots, and her rise to power in the French court. The series stars Adelaide Kane as Queen Mary Stuart, alongside an ensemble cast. The series premiered on October 17, 2013, on The CW and concluded after four seasons on June 16, 2017.

The series was produced by Warner Bros. Television and CBS Television Studios, in association with Joyful Girl Productions, Take 5 Productions, and Toronto-based Whizbang Films. In February 2013, The CW ordered a pilot for a television series loosely based on Mary Stuart's life and largely favor fictionalized storylines than historical accuracy; Kane was cast in the lead role that same month. Filming primarily took place between Toronto and the Republic of Ireland.
Republican Society
The Republican Society (Dutch: Republikeins Genootschap) is a Dutch republican movement, founded on 11 September 1996 in the Prinsenhof in Delft, at the initiative of Pierre Vinken. Its aim is to abolish the monarchy of the Netherlands.

Republiek (political organisation)
Republiek is a Dutch republican pressure group advocating for the replacement of the Dutch Monarchy with a de jure parliamentary republic, founded in January 1998 in Amsterdam by Ewout Irrgang and Elisabeth van der Steenhoven, under the previous name Nieuw Republikeins Genootschap (NRG). It is a member organisation of the Alliance of European Republican Movements and is currently the largest organisation solely campaigning for a republican constitution for The Netherlands. Republiek states that its mission is: "To achieve the abolition of the Dutch monarchy in favour of a democratic republic".
Ludwig II (sculpture)
Ludwig II is a sculpture of King Ludwig II of Bavaria by sculptor Elisabet Ney. Completed in 1870, the piece is a portrait statue rendered in plaster. The statue was modeled and carved in Germany, but it is now held by the Elisabet Ney Museum in Austin, Texas; a marble version, completed by another sculptor, is installed in the Herrenchiemsee Palace in Bavaria.

Herrenchiemsee
Herrenchiemsee is a complex of royal buildings on Herreninsel, the largest island in the Chiemsee lake, in southern Bavaria, Germany. Together with the neighbouring isle of Frauenchiemsee and the uninhabited Krautinsel, it forms the municipality of Chiemsee, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southeast of Munich in the district of Rosenheim.

The island, formerly the site of an Augustinian monastery, was purchased by King Ludwig II of Bavaria in 1873. The king had the premises converted into a residence, known as the Old Palace (Altes Schloss). From 1878 onwards, he had the New Herrenchiemsee Palace (Neues Schloss) erected, based on the model of Versailles. It was the largest, but also the last of his building projects, and remained incomplete. Today maintained by the Bavarian Administration of State-Owned Palaces, Gardens and Lakes, Herrenchiemsee is accessible to the public and a major tourist attraction.
Suits season 3
The third season of the American legal comedy-drama Suits was ordered on October 12, 2012. The third season originally aired on USA Network in the United States between July 16, 2013 and April 10, 2014. The season was produced by Hypnotic Films & Television and Universal Cable Productions, and the executive producers were Doug Liman, David Bartis and series creator Aaron Korsh. The season had six series regulars playing employees at the fictional Pearson Darby, later Pearson Darby Specter and Pearson Specter, law firm in Manhattan: Gabriel Macht, Patrick J. Adams, Rick Hoffman, Meghan Markle, Sarah Rafferty, and Gina Torres.

Rick Hoffman
Rick Hoffman (born June 12, 1970) is an American actor. He is known for playing Jerry Best in the Fox sitcom The Bernie Mac Show (2002–2005), Chase Chapman in the ABC comedy series Samantha Who? (2007–2009) and Louis Litt in the USA Network legal drama series Suits (2011–2019).
Gérard César
Gérard César (19 December 1934 – 8 May 2024) was a member of the Senate of France. He represented the Gironde department, and was a member of the Union for a Popular Movement. César died on 8 May 2024, at the age of 89.

Gironde
Gironde (/ʒɪˈrɒnd/ zhih-ROND, US usually /dʒɪˈ-/ jih-; French: [ʒiʁɔ̃d] ⓘ; Occitan: Gironda, pronounced [dʒiˈɾundɔ]) is the largest department in the southwestern French region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. Named after the Gironde estuary, a major waterway, its prefecture is Bordeaux. In 2019, it had a population of 1,623,749. The famous Bordeaux wine region is in Gironde. It has six arrondissements, making it one of the departments with the most arrondissements (Nord also has six, while Pas-de-Calais has the most of any department, with seven).