hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Outline of intellectual property
The following outline is provided as an overview and topical guide to intellectual property:

Intellectual property refers to intangible assets such as musical, literary, and artistic works; discoveries and inventions; and words, phrases, symbols, and designs. Common types of intellectual property rights include copyrights, trademarks, patents, industrial design rights, trade dress, and in some jurisdictions, trade secrets. These may be sometimes called intellectual rights.

See outline of patents for a topical guide and overview of  patents.

Service mark
A service mark or servicemark is a trademark used in the United States and several other countries to identify a service rather than a product.

When a service mark is federally registered, the standard registration symbol ® or "Reg U.S. Pat & TM Off" may be used (the same symbol is used to mark registered trademarks).  Before it is registered, it is common practice (with some legal standing) to use the service mark symbol ℠ (a superscript SM).
Tau Serpentis
The Bayer designation Tau Serpentis (τ Ser / τ Serpentis) is shared by a collection of eight stars, τ1 Serpentis through τ8 Serpentis, in the head of the constellation Serpens.  They are distributed within a box of size 40 minutes in right ascension by 3.5° in declination.  They are numbered by increasing right ascension:

Tau1 Serpentis, also designated 9 Serpentis or HD 137471.

Tau2 Serpentis, also designated 12 Serpentis or HD 138527.

Tau3 Serpentis, also designated 15 Serpentis or HD 139074.

Tau4 Serpentis, also designated 17 Serpentis or HD 139216.

Tau5 Serpentis, also designated 18 Serpentis or HD 139225.

Tau6 Serpentis, also designated 19 Serpentis or HD 140027.

Tau7 Serpentis, also designated 22 Serpentis or HD 140232.

Tau8 Serpentis, also designated 26 Serpentis or HD 140729.

Tau3 Serpentis
Tau3 Serpentis, Latinized from τ3 Serpentis, is a giant star in the constellation of Serpens. It has an apparent visual magnitude of approximately 6.11, which is bright enough to be dimly visible to the naked eye under favorable viewing conditions. The distance to this star is approximately 358 light years based on parallax measurements, but it is drifting closer with a heliocentric radial velocity of −22 km/s.

The stellar classification of this star is G8III:, which matches a G-type giant star. However, the trailing colon ':' indicates some uncertainty in the classification. About 500 million years old and with 2.7 times the mass of the Sun, Tau3 Serpentis has expanded to 9.7 times the Sun's radius, and is radiating 47 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,864 K.
Sesfontein Constituency
Sesfontein Constituency is an electoral constituency in Namibia. It is represented in the Regional Council of Kunene Region. The constituency office is situated in Sesfontein. The constituency covers an area of 20,198 km2 (7,798 sq mi) and had a population of 7,358 in 2004. As of 2020, it has 5,614 registered voters.

Sesfontein Constituency is bordered by Khorixas Constituency to the south, Kamanjab Constituency to the east, Opuwo Rural to the north and Okahao Constituency in the Omusati Region to the northeast. Sesfontein is the only settlement in this constituency, but this vast area contains a number of tourism facilities like the Palmwag and Warmquelle lodges.

Omusati Region
Omusati (the Oshindonga word for Mopane, the dominant tree in the area) is one of the fourteen regions of Namibia; its capital is Outapi. The towns of Okahao, Oshikuku, and Ruacana, as well as the self-governed village of Tsandi, are situated in this region. As of 2020, Omusati had 148,834 registered voters.

The region is home to the Ruacana Falls, among the largest waterfalls in Africa, and the Omugulugwombashe heritage site, where the Namibian struggle for independence started in 1966.
British Rail Class 23
The British Rail Class 23 were a class of ten Bo-Bo diesel-electric locomotives built by the English Electric Company (EE) in 1959. The power unit used was a Napier Deltic T9-29 9-cylinder engine of 1,100 bhp (820 kW) driving an EE generator, which powered the four traction motors. They were numbered from D5900 to D5909.

The T9-29 diesel engine was a single, half-sized version of those used in the more powerful British Rail Class 55 'Deltic' locomotives, and the overall design and external appearance of the Class 23 was also similar to the Class 55, but much shorter, leading to their nickname of Baby Deltics.

British Rail Class 20
The British Rail Class 20, otherwise known as an English Electric Type 1, is a class of diesel-electric locomotive.  In total, 228 locomotives in the class were built by English Electric between 1957 and 1968, the large number being in part because of the failure of other early designs in the same power range to provide reliable locomotives.

The locomotives were originally numbered D8000–D8199 and D8300–D8327. They are known by railway enthusiasts as "Choppers".
Mohammad Hannan
Mohammad Hannan (14 December 1949 – 21 January 2014) was a Bangladeshi film director and producer. He was known for directing several notable commercial films in Dhallywood. He entered the film industry as an assistant to Baby Islam. His first film was Rai Binodini (1985). His notable films include Bikkhob (1994), Praner Cheye Priyo (1997), Bidroho Charidike (2000), and Sahoshi Manush Chai (2003). He won the Bachsas Award for Best Dialogue Writer. His last film, Shikhandi Kotha (2013), won the Meril-Prothom Alo Award in the Best Film Director category.

Bachsas Awards
The Bachsas Awards were introduced in 1972 to encourage the fledgling film industry of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Cholochitra Sangbadik Samity (Bangladesh Cine-Journalists' Association) gave its most prestigious awards to outstanding performers in film, television, music, dance and theatre.
Sarah McNutt
Sarah Jane McNutt (July 22, 1839 – September 10, 1930) was an American physician, notable as the first woman inducted into the American Neurological Association. McNutt was a founder of the Babies' Hospital in New York City, now known as Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, along with her sister Dr. Julia G McNutt. Her mentors and co-workers Elizabeth Blackwell and Emily Blackwell were some of the first female physicians in the United States. She focused her work on pediatrics, neurology, and medical education.

Emily Blackwell
Emily Blackwell (October 8, 1826 – September 7, 1910) was an American physician and women's rights activist. She was the second woman to earn a medical degree at what is now Case Western Reserve University, after Nancy Talbot Clark. She made major advancements in the medical scene, assisting in the start of the New York Infirmary for Indigent Women and Children and creating the Women's Central Association of Relief. Blackwell, along with her sister Elizabeth, established the Women's Medical College in New York City. Shortly after, she helped form the London School of Medicine for Women. In 1993, she was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame.
Tate Ratledge
Tate Collier Ratledge (born April 26, 2001) is an American professional football guard for the Detroit Lions of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Georgia Bulldogs, where he was an All-American and a two-time national champion. He was selected by the Lions in the second round of the 2025 NFL draft.

2025 NFL draft
The 2025 NFL draft was the 90th annual meeting of National Football League (NFL) franchises to select newly eligible players. The draft was held at Lambeau Field and its adjacent Titletown District in Green Bay, Wisconsin, on April 24–26, 2025. The Tennessee Titans held the first overall pick and selected Cam Ward, a quarterback from the Miami Hurricanes.

For the first time in the common draft era, the 2025 draft commenced with all teams holding their original selections in the first round. After the draft had begun, the Jacksonville Jaguars, Cleveland Browns, Philadelphia Eagles, and Kansas City Chiefs traded picks within the first round while the Houston Texans and Los Angeles Rams traded out of the first round. This was the first draft in NFL history to have every player selection come from an NCAA Division I FBS or FCS program.
Jamil Jivani
Jamil Jivani (born October 24, 1987) is the member of Parliament (MP) for Bowmanville—Oshawa North. A Conservative, Jivani was first elected to represent Durham in a 2024 by-election triggered by the resignation of former Conservative leader and leader of the Official Opposition Erin O'Toole. He previously worked as a special advisor to the premier of Ontario, Doug Ford, and was appointed as the advocate for community opportunities and to the Premier's Council on Equality of Opportunity.

Before entering politics, Jivani studied law at Yale University, where he met the Vice President of the United States JD Vance. He practiced corporate law at Torys LLP, later worked as a community-police relations activist, as a contributor for Postmedia and hosted a radio show on CFRB Newstalk 1010.

Postmedia Network
Postmedia Network Canada Corp. (also known as Postmedia Network, Postmedia News or Postmedia) is an American-owned, Canadian-based media conglomerate consisting of the publishing properties of the former Canwest, with primary operations in English-language newspaper publishing, news gathering and Internet operations. It is best known for being the owner of the National Post and the Financial Post. It owns and operates over more than 130 print and digital news titles across Canada.

The company's strategy has seen its publications invest greater resources in digital news gathering and distribution, including expanded websites and digital news apps for smartphones and tablets. This began with a revamp and redesign of the Ottawa Citizen, which debuted in 2014.

Two-thirds, or 66%, of Postmedia is currently owned by American media conglomerate Chatham Asset Management. The company is headquartered at Postmedia Place on Bloor Street in Toronto.
Grizzly (comics)
Grizzly is the name of four unrelated characters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The first is a wild west villain, the second is an A.I.M. Agent, the third is a foe of Spider-Man, and the fourth is a mutant and member of Six Pack.

Apocalypse (character)
Apocalypse (En Sabah Nur) is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. He is one of the world's first mutants, and was a principal villain for the original X-Factor team and later the X-Men and related spin-off teams. Created by writer Louise Simonson and artist Jackson Guice, Apocalypse first appeared, unnamed, in Marvel Graphic Novel #17 (July, 1985) and his full debut in X-Factor #5 (June 1986). Apocalypse is one of the most powerful beings in the Marvel Universe and the father of the original incarnation of the Horsemen of Apocalypse.

Since his introduction, the character has appeared in a number of X-Men titles, including spin-offs and several limited series. Apocalypse has also been featured in various forms of media.
Robert Drysdale
Robert Lewis Drysdale (born October 5, 1981) is a Brazilian-American Brazilian jiu-jitsu 4th degree black belt under Léo Vieira, a retired undefeated mixed martial artist and an instructor at his own BJJ academy. Having won multiple World Championships, he was referred to by Vice magazine as "America's jiu-jitsu superhero", regarded by BJJ Heroes as "the most accomplished American grappler of his generation" and as the best Submission Wrestler in the World by Gracie Magazine.

Drysdale is one of only two Americans  (with Rafael Lovato Jr.) to have won Mundials in the gi at 94 kg and up. 
Drysdale is one of only four Americans to have won the ADCC absolute division; at the 2007 ADCC he submitted grappling legend Marcelo Garcia in just over two minutes.

Wanderlei Silva
Wanderlei César da  Silva (/ˈvændərleɪ/ VAN-dər-lay, Brazilian Portuguese: [vɐ̃deʁˈlej ˈsɛzɐʁ dɐ ˈsiwvɐ], Japanese: [bandaɾeː ɕi.ɯba]; born 3 July 1976) is a Brazilian former mixed martial artist who competed in Japan's Pride Fighting Championships and the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). He holds the record for the most wins, knockouts, title defenses and longest winning streak in PRIDE history. He is the former PRIDE Middleweight Champion and the 2003 PRIDE Middleweight Grand Prix Tournament Champion. He most recently competed for Bellator MMA in the light heavyweight and heavyweight divisions. In February 2024, Silva was announced as the next inductee in the "pioneer wing" of the UFC Hall of Fame.
Statue of Lenin at Finland Station
The statue of Lenin at Finland Station in Saint Petersburg is one of the most famous statues of Vladimir Lenin in Russia.  Erected in 1926, it was one of the first large-scale statues of Lenin, being completed within three years of his death.  It depicts the man making a speech from atop an armoured car, soon after his 1917 arrival at the station from exile abroad.  It was designed in an early constructivist style by sculptor Sergei A. Evseev and architects Vladimir Shchuko and Vladimir Helfreich.  The style and pose of the statue were imitated by later works.  The statue is one of few in Saint Petersburg that survived after the fall of the Soviet Union.  It was damaged in a 2009 bomb attack but has since been repaired.

Vladimir Shchuko
Vladimir Alekseyevich Shchuko (Russian: Влади́мир Алексе́евич Щуко́, IPA: [ɕːʉˈko]; October 17, 1878 – January 19, 1939) was a Russian architect, member of the Saint Petersburg school of Russian neoclassical revival notable for his giant order apartment buildings "rejecting all trace of the moderne". After the Russian Revolution of 1917 Shchuko gradually embraced modernist ideas, developing his own version of modernized neoclassicism together with his partner Vladimir Gelfreikh. Shchuko and Gelfreikh succeeded through the prewar period of Stalinist architecture with high-profile projects like the Lenin Library, Moscow Metro stations and co-authored the unrealized Palace of Soviets. Shchuko was also a prolific stage designer, author of 43 drama and opera stage sets.
Mazā Jugla
Mazā Jugla (previously German: Kleine Jägel) is a river in Latvia. It flows for 119 kilometres through the municipalities of Ogre, Salaspils, Ikšķile and Stopiņi. The source of the river is located in Taurupe parish, Ogre Municipality 130 m above sea level, whereas the mouth is 0.1 m asl.

Mazā Jugla joins with Lielā Jugla thus forming the river Jugla shortly before its mouth into Jugla Lake at the Riga city eastern border with the municipalities of Garkalne and Stopiņi. The river is curvy with many rapids and weirs, with dolomite and sandstone outcrops on its banks, and is a popular water tourism site. The Dobelnieki hydroelectric plant is located on the river.

The Battle of Jugla of World War I between the German and Russian armies took place on the banks of the river in 1917.

Ogre Municipality
Ogre Municipality (Latvian: Ogres novads) is a municipality in Vidzeme, Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2002 by merging Ogre town and Ogresgals Parish. In 2009 it absorbed Krape Parish, Ķeipene Parish, Laubere Parish, Madliena Parish, Mazozoli Parish, Meņģele Parish, Suntaži Parish and Taurupe Parish, the administrative centre being Ogre. The population in 2021 was 57,617.

During the 2021 Latvian administrative reform, the previous municipality was merged with Ikšķile Municipality, Ķegums Municipality and Lielvārde Municipality. The new municipality now fully corresponds with the area of the former Ogre district.
The Telling (film)
The Telling is a 2009 horror film starring Holly Madison and Bridget Marquardt from the E! television series The Girls Next Door. The film is also the producing debut of Bridget Marquardt, who teamed up with veteran producer Chuck Williams. It is directed by Jeff Burr and first time director Nicholas Carpenter, grandson of filmmaker Hal Roach.

The making of the film was featured on the popular reality show The Girls Next Door. The majority of the filming took place at the Playboy Mansion and the Hollywood Castle. In addition to Madison and Marquardt, Playboy Playmate of the Year Sara Jean Underwood makes an appearance in the film.

Bridget Marquardt
Bridget Marquardt (born Bridget Christina Sandmeier, September 25, 1973) is an American television personality and podcast host, known for her role in the reality TV series The Girls Next Door, which depicted her life as one of Playboy founder Hugh Hefner's girlfriends. Marquardt has appeared in pictorials with her Girls Next Door co-stars and fellow Hefner girlfriends Holly Madison and Kendra Wilkinson.
McKenzy Cresswell
McKenzy Cresswell (born 16 January 2006) is a British racing driver who currently competes in the GT4 European Championship with Elite Motorsport. He previously finished fourth in the 2024 GB3 Championship, and is part of the BRDC Rising Star Programme. Cresswell was a substitute driver in the 2023 FIA Formula 3 Championship with PHM Racing by Charouz for two rounds.

PHM Racing
PHM Racing is a German auto racing team competing in a variety of junior open-wheel series. It started racing in 2022 after taking over Mücke Motorsport's Formula 4 assets and later entered Formula Regional, FIA Formula 3 and FIA Formula 2, the latter two initially in collaboration with Charouz. The F2 and F3 operations were bought out by financial services firm AIX Investment Group and became AIX Racing in May 2024.
Richard Pierard
Richard V. Pierard (May 29, 1934 – February 24, 2025) was a historian and professor at Indiana State University in Terre Haute, Indiana. Although an evangelical, he was best known for his critiques of evangelicalism, particularly the collaboration of evangelical leaders and denominations with right-wing politicians and ideologues.

Indiana State University
Indiana State University (ISU) is a public university in Terre Haute, Indiana, United States. It was founded in 1865 and offers over 100 undergraduate majors and more than 75 graduate and professional programs. Indiana State is classified among "D/PU: Doctoral/Professional Universities".
Hommage (film)
Hommage (Korean: 오마주) is a 2021 South Korean drama film directed by Shin Su-won, starring Lee Jung-eun, Kwon Hae-hyo, Tang Jun-sang, and Lee Joo-shil. The film depicts a cinema time travel of a middle-aged film director that connects 1962 and 2022. It was released in theaters on May 26, 2022.

Tang Jun-sang
Tang Jun-sang (Korean: 탕준상; born on August 13, 2003) is a South Korean actor. He gained recognition for his role in the television series Crash Landing on You (2019–2020) and leading role in both Move to Heaven (2021) and Racket Boys (2021).
The Dirty Youth
The Dirty Youth are a Welsh rock band from South Wales that formed in 2007. The band's line-up consists of singer Danni Monroe, guitarist/keyboardist Matt Bond, guitarist Luke Padfield, bassist Leon Watkins and drummer Jacob Moseley.

They have released 5 studio albums to date, Red Light Fix and Gold Dust via RMR Records. They have toured with the likes of Skindred, The Rasmus, Korn, Alien Ant Farm, InMe, Fozzy and have appeared at festivals such as Download Festival and Hard Rock Calling Festival.

Download Festival
Download Festival is an open-air rock and metal festival held each June since 2003 at Donington Park in Leicestershire, England. It is the United Kingdom's largest rock festival, with more than 100 bands playing on several stages and 75,000–80,000 attendees in recent years. The site covers around 900 acres (360 ha) and includes a large 'village' area with stalls, bars and entertainment. It surrounds Donington racetrack and is beside East Midlands Airport. Between 2016 and 2022 it was held in multiple locations as well as Donington: this included Paris (France), Madrid (Spain), Hockenheimring (Germany), Sydney and Melbourne (Australia).

Download was created by Andy Copping as a successor to Monsters of Rock, which had been held at Donington until 1996. Download has hosted some of the biggest rock and metal bands. It is similar to the nearby Bloodstock Festival, but Download is much larger and has a broader range of genres as well as more mainstream acts.
State Highway 47 (New Zealand)
State Highway 47 (SH 47) is a New Zealand state highway in the central North Island. It provides a link from SH 4 at National Park to SH 41 at Tokaanu just west of Tūrangi.

For its entire length, SH 47 is a single carriageway road with one lane in each direction and at-grade intersections and property accesses. There are no significant towns on the route. The New Zealand Transport Agency classifies the section of SH 47 as an arterial route south of the SH 46 intersection and a primary collector route north of the SH 46 intersection.

Tūrangi
Tūrangi is a small town on the west bank of the Tongariro River, 50 kilometres south-west of Taupō on the North Island Volcanic Plateau of New Zealand. It was built to accommodate the workers associated with the Tongariro hydro-electric power development project and their families. The town was designed to remain as a small servicing centre for the exotic forest plantations south of Lake Taupō and for tourists. It is well known for its trout fishing and calls itself "the trout fishing capital of the world". The major Māori hapū (tribe) of the Tūrangi area is Ngāti Tūrangitukua.
Killing of Eileen Quinn
Eileen Quinn (née Gilligan; 12 April 1895 – 1 November 1920) was a young mother from County Galway. On All Saints' Day 1920, she was shot dead outside her home by the Black and Tans of the Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC) in what was described as "essentially a drive-by shooting".  The incident was one of the most notorious civilian reprisal killings during the Irish War of Independence.

Drive-by shooting
A drive-by shooting is a type of assault that usually involves the perpetrator(s) firing a weapon from within a motor vehicle and then fleeing. Drive-by shootings allow the perpetrators to quickly strike their targets and flee the scene before law enforcement is able to respond. A drive-by shooting's prerequisites include access to a vehicle and a gun. The protection, anonymity, sense of power, and ease of escape provided by the getaway vehicle lead some perpetrators to feel safe expressing their hostility toward others.
Agrosaurus
Agrosaurus (/ˌæɡroʊˈsɔːrəs/; perhaps from Greek agros meaning 'field' and sauros meaning 'lizard', "field lizard") is a potentially dubious genus of thecodontosaurid sauropodomorph probably originating from the Magnesian Conglomerate of England that was originally believed to be a Triassic prosauropod from Australia. Agrosaurus would thus be the oldest dinosaur from that country.  However, this appears to have been an error, and the material actually appears to come from Thecodontosaurus or a Thecodontosaurus-like animal from Bristol, England (Avon Fissure Fill). The type species is Agrosaurus macgillivrayi.

Magnesian Conglomerate
The Magnesian Conglomerate is a geological formation in Clifton, Bristol in England (originally Avon), Gloucestershire and southern Wales, present in Tytherington, Durdham Down, Slickstones Quarry and Cromhall Quarry.

It dates back to the Rhaetian stage of the Late Triassic, although it may be as old as the Norian stage of the Late Triassic and as young as the Hettangian stage of the Early Jurassic.

The Magnesian Conglomerate was first discovered in autumn 1834 and was studied in 1836 by Henry Riley and Samuel Stutchbury.

The Avon Fissure Fill is often paired with the Magnesian Conglomerate.