hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rhabdocline pseudotsugae
Rhabdocline pseudotsugae is a fungal plant pathogen. The pathogen, along with Rhabdocline weirii causes Rhabdocline needlecast; R. weirii only affects Douglas-fir trees. The disease causes the needles of the tree to discolor and eventually fall from the tree. It was originally common to the Rocky Mountain states of the United States but has since spread to Europe. Infections usually start in the spring or early summer and can change the color of the foliage to a variety of hues. The fungus produces apothecia that are normally found on the underside of needles but they also occur on the topside as well.

Douglas fir
The Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) is an evergreen conifer species in the pine family, Pinaceae. It is the tallest tree in the Pinaceae family.  It is native to western North America and is also known as Douglas-fir, Douglas spruce, Oregon pine, and Columbian pine. There are three varieties: coast Douglas-fir (P. menziesii var. menziesii), Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir (P. menziesii var. glauca) and Mexican Douglas-fir (P. menziesii var. lindleyana).

Despite its common names, it is not a true fir (genus Abies), spruce (genus Picea), or pine (genus Pinus). It is also not a hemlock (genus Tsuga); the genus name Pseudotsuga means "false hemlock".
Zbigniew Zakrzewski (economist)
Zbigniew Zakrzewski (August 15, 1912 in Puszczykowo – August 19, 1992 in Poznań) was a Polish economist, expert of history of Poznań. He was a professor, rector, prorector and honoris causa of Poznań University of Economics. Son of Ksawery Zakrzewski, also the alumnus of St. John Cantius High School in Poznań.

Zakrzewski is an author of interior trade theory. He is also an author of books about Poznań.

Poznań University of Economics and Business
The Poznań University of Economics and Business is a business school in Poland.

The Poznań University of Economics and Business (PUEB) is an academic institution in the western part of the country attracting students from many parts of Poland. It is the biggest and oldest business university in the region of Wielkopolska.

The main campus of the university is located in Poznań, but the university offers its courses also in seven other locations (colleges of higher education) situated within a distance of 30–100 km from Poznań (Bydgoszcz, Kalisz, Konin, Piła, Leszno, Zielona Góra, Szamotuły).
Evenlode
Evenlode is a village and civil parish (ONS Code 23UC051) in the Cotswold District of eastern Gloucestershire in England.
Evenlode is bordered by the Gloucestershire parishes of Moreton-in-Marsh to the northwest, Longborough and Donnington to the west, Broadwell to the southwest, and Adlestrop to the southeast; and by the Oxfordshire parish of Chastleton to the east.
At Evenlode's northern tip is the Four shire stone, whose name reflects the parish's status as part of Worcestershire until 1931; here at a point between Moreton-in-Marsh and Chastleton are the Warwickshire parishes of Little Compton and Great Wolford, as well as Batsford in Gloucestershire. At its southern tip, between Broadwell and Adlestrop, Evenlode meets the parish of Oddington at a point.

Adlestrop
Adlestrop (/ˈædəlstrɒp/) is a village and civil parish in the Cotswolds, 3 miles (5 km) east of Stow-on-the-Wold, Gloucestershire, England, on the county boundary with Oxfordshire. The River Evenlode forms the southwest boundary of the parish. The village is on a stream that flows southwest to join the river.

The A436 road, which links the A44 road in Oxfordshire with Stow-on-the-Wold, passes through the parish just south of the village. The Cotswold Line railway passes along the Evenlode valley southwest of the village and until 1966 had a station here. The village is best known for the 1917 poem "Adlestrop" by Edward Thomas, which tells of an unexpected stop at the station.

Since 1935 the parish of Adlestrop has included the village of Daylesford. The 2011 Census recorded the parish population as 120.
Darjeeling District Newspaper Sellers' Union
Darjeeling District Newspaper Sellers' Union was a trade union of newspaper sellers in the Darjeeling District, West Bengal, India. DDNSU was affiliated to the Centre of Indian Trade Unions. The union president was Nantu Paul.

Centre of Indian Trade Unions
The Centre of Indian Trade Unions (CITU) is a National trade union in India. It is associated with the Communist Party of India (Marxist). It has presence mostly in the Indian state of Tripura, West Bengal, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.

CITU has an estimated membership of 6,200,000 in 2023.

Tapan Kumar Sen is the General Secretary and K. Hemalata is the president of CITU. Hemalata was the first woman president of CITU, who was elected after A. K. Padmanabhan. It runs a monthly organ named WORKING CLASS.

CITU is affiliated to the World Federation of Trade Unions. At present the multiple industrial federations are functioning at the national level with CITU. .

It is also affiliated with AIITEU, workers union for IT/ITES employees in India.
Tomoyo Kurosawa
Tomoyo Kurosawa (黒沢 ともよ, Kurosawa Tomoyo; born April 10, 1996) is a Japanese actress and singer. Her major voice acting roles include Yuki Yuna Is a Hero as Itsuki Inubozaki, Arknights as Amiya, Sound! Euphonium as Kumiko Ōmae, Otome Arisugawa in Aikatsu!, Rebecca in Cyberpunk: Edgerunners, Annabella in Tower of Fantasy, Miria Akagi in The Idolmaster Cinderella Girls, and Land of the Lustrous as Phosphophyllite. She also performed the opening theme to DokiDoki! PreCure, "Happy Go Lucky! Doki Doki! Pretty Cure".

Tower of Fantasy
Tower of Fantasy (Chinese: 幻塔; pinyin: Huàn Tǎ; lit. 'Fantasy Tower') is a free-to-play open world action role-playing game developed by Hotta Studio, a Suzhou-based subsidiary of Perfect World. The game is set in a planet called Aida, contaminated with a radioactive energy called Omnium after a cataclysm that nearly wiped out human civilization and mutated the ecology of the planet. The player plays a wanderer that explores the world and fights mutant creatures and hostile forces as they advance through the story.
Francesco Albotto
Francesco Albotto (1721–1757) was an Italian painter from Venice, mainly producing vedute. He was a pupil of Michele Marieschi. After Marieschi's death, Albotto married his widow and took over his shop, and continued to produce paintings in a similar style until his own death, which has led to some problems in attributing paintings to Marieschi versus Albotto.

Michele Marieschi
Michele Marieschi or Michele Giovanni Marieschi, also Michiel (1710 - 18 January 1744), was an Italian painter and engraver.  He is mainly known for his landscapes and cityscapes (vedute), or views, mostly of Venice.  He also created architectural paintings, which reveal his interest in stage design.
Ananda Bashpa
Ananda Bashpa (pronunciationⓘ) is a 1963 Indian Kannada-language film, directed and produced by R. Nagendra Rao. The film stars R. N. Sudarshan, K. S. Ashwath, Harini and Rajani. The film had musical score by G. K. Venkatesh.

K. S. Ashwath
Karaganahalli Subbaraya Ashwathanarayana (25 March 1925 – 18 January 2010) was an Indian veteran actor who appeared in Kannada films. He appeared in over 370 films during his five-decade-long career. His memorial is in the Kengeri satellite town, Bengaluru. Memorial name - "K. S. Ashwath Memorial Children's Park".
Altin Kaftira
Altin Kaftira (born 1972 in Albania) is a former danseur with the Dutch National Ballet in Amsterdam, Netherlands. He danced with the Ballet from 1995 on, and from 2000 to 2007 was the Ballet's principal dancer (working with choreographers such as Hans van Manen, Rudi van Dantzig, Jerome Robbins, Alexei Ratmansky, Christopher Wheeldon and Ted Brandsen), and has danced in almost a dozen George Balanchine ballets. In 2007, he left to pursue a career as a filmmaker. One of his first film assignments was the production and direction of the 75th anniversary gala for Hans van Manen.

In 2002 the then-president of Albania, Rexhep Meidani, awarded Kaftira with the title of Art's Ambassador of the Nation.
In an interview with Kaftira just before his retirement, Dutch critic and writer Herman Stevens, in an article in the Dutch magazine HP/De Tijd, called him an audience favorite, a star possessing the most charisma of any dancer at the National Ballet.

Rudi van Dantzig
Rudi van Dantzig (4 August 1933 – 19 January 2012) was a Dutch choreographer, company director, and writer. He was a pivotal figure in the rise to world renown of Dutch ballet in the latter half of the twentieth century. He was co-director and then artistic director of the Dutch National Ballet from 1968 and 1991, and later did choreography for major companies such as Ballet Rambert, The Royal Ballet, the Royal Danish Ballet, American Ballet Theatre, and the Paris Opera Ballet.
ESGN
ESGN - Evil Seeds Grow Naturally (also referred to simply as ESGN) is the debut studio album by American rapper Freddie Gibbs. The album was released on June 19, 2013, by ESGN and Empire Distribution. The album features guest appearances from Daz Dillinger, Spice 1, Jay Rock, G-Wiz, Hit "Skrewface", Big Kill, Lil Sodi, Problem, Y.B., D-Edge, G.I. Fleezy and BJ the Chicago Kid.

Daz Dillinger
Delmar Drew Arnaud (born May 25, 1973), known professionally as Daz Dillinger or simply Daz (formerly Dat Nigga Daz), is an American rapper and record producer. As a member of Death Row Records in the early 1990s, he is credited with the label in pioneering West Coast hip hop and gangsta rap for mainstream audiences. Alongside Kurupt, he formed the hip hop duo Tha Dogg Pound in 1992, with whom he has released eight albums.

Arnaud learned production from Dr. Dre; his first major production credit was on Dre's debut solo album, The Chronic (1992). He further produced for his cousin, Snoop Dogg's debut album Doggystyle (1993), as well as Tupac Shakur's All Eyez on Me (1996). His debut studio album, Retaliation, Revenge and Get Back (1998) peaked within the top ten of the Billboard 200 and served as his only project with Death Row before founding his own label, Gangsta Advisory Records in 2000 and co-founding D.P.G. Recordz with Soopafly that same year.
Z-spread
The Z-spread, ZSPRD, zero-volatility spread, or yield curve spread of a bond is the parallel shift or spread over the zero-coupon Treasury yield curve required for discounting a predetermined cash flow schedule to arrive at its present market price. The Z-spread is also widely used in the credit default swap (CDS) market as a measure of credit spread that is relatively insensitive to the particulars of specific corporate or government bonds.

Since the Z-spread uses the entire yield curve to value the individual cash flows of a bond, it provides a more realistic valuation than an interpolated yield spread based on a single point of the curve, such as the bond's final maturity date or weighted-average life. However, the Z-spread does not incorporate variability in cash flows, so a fuller valuation of an interest-rate-dependent security often requires the more realistic (and more complicated) option-adjusted spread (OAS).

Weighted-average life
In finance, the weighted-average life (WAL) of an amortizing loan or amortizing bond, also called average life, is the weighted average of the times of the principal repayments: it's the average time until a dollar of principal is repaid.

In a formula,

where:

is the (total) principal,

is the principal repayment that is included in payment , hence

is the fraction of the total principal that is included in payment , and

is the time (in years) from the calculation date to payment .

If desired,  can be expanded as  for a monthly bond, where  is the fraction of a month between settlement date and first cash flow date.
Work Club
Work Club is a full-service   Digital and Social Marketing Agency based near Borough Market in London SE1. The agency has a broad range of clients, including Adidas, Asda, Coca-Cola, Heineken International, Pernod Ricard, McLaren, General Mills, PZ Cussons, and Sony.

PZ Cussons
PZ Cussons plc is a major British manufacturer of personal healthcare products and consumer goods. It operates worldwide, especially in nations in Africa, and the Commonwealth. The company is listed on the London Stock Exchange.
Upasane
Upasane (pronunciationⓘ; English: Worship) is a 1974 Kannada musical drama film, directed by Puttanna Kanagal. The film produced by Rashi brothers, is based on the novel of the same name, written by Devaki Murthy. The film mostly had women playing the lead roles, consisting of Aarathi, Leelavathi, M. N. Lakshmi Devi, G. V. Sharadha and Advani Lakshmi Devi. Dr. Govinda Mannur, K. S. Ashwath and Seetharam played the male supporting roles. Actor Seetharam was colloquially named as "Upasane" Seetharam for the rest of his career after the release of this film.

The film dealt with the plight of Sharadha (Aarathi) who intends to pursue her career in classical music. The film went on to win multiple high-profile awards at the Karnataka State Film Awards for the year 1974-75 including Best Film, Best Screenplay and Best Cinematography. Aarathi, who played the protagonist at the age of 19, won the Filmfare Best Actress award.

Puttanna Kanagal
Shubraveshti Ramaswamiah Seetharama Sharma  (1 December 1933 – 5 June 1985), known popularly as S. R. Puttanna Kanagal, was an Indian filmmaker known for his work in Kannada cinema. He is often considered one of Indian cinema's most influential filmmakers.
Kallara Santhe
Kalara Santhe is a 2009 Indian Kannada-language action drama film directed by Sumana Kittur. The film features Yash, Hariprriya  in the lead roles. The film revolves around a young man who is let down by the system decides to commit suicide. When the news spreads to the media and the government, he undergoes a life-changing event.

Sumana Kittur
D. Suman Kittur is an Indian journalist, film director and lyricist working in Kannada cinema. She began as an independent director with Slum Bala (2008), before working on films such as Kallara Santhe (2009), Edegarike (2012) and Kiragoorina Gayyaligalu (2016). Most of her films deal with anti-social elements. She is one of the few women directors to win a state award.
Alpha Kappa Kappa
Alpha Kappa Kappa (ΑΚΚ) was a North American medical school fraternity. It was founded in 1888 at Dartmouth Medical School in Hanover, New Hampshire.The fraternity had over sixty chapters at various medical schools throughout the United States and Canada for approximately eighty years before going defunct. Three of its former chapters continued to operate as location organizations after the fraternity's dissolution; two are still active as of 2025.

Hanover, New Hampshire
Hanover is a town located along the Connecticut River in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 11,870. The town is home to the Ivy League university  Dartmouth College, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, and Hanover High School. The Appalachian Trail crosses the town, connecting with a number of trails and nature preserves.

Most of the population resides in the Hanover census-designated place (CDP)—the main village of the town. Located at the junctions of New Hampshire routes 10, 10A, and 120, the Hanover CDP recorded a population of 9,078 people at the 2020 census. The town is part of the Lebanon–Claremont micropolitan area and also contains the smaller villages of Etna and Hanover Center.
Meet Mr. Penny
Meet Mr. Penny is a 1938 British comedy film directed by David MacDonald and starring Richard Goolden, Vic Oliver and Fabia Drake. It was written by Victor Kendal and Doreen Montgomery based on the BBC radio series The Strange Adventures of Mr. Penny (1936) by Maurice Moiseiwitsch, in which Goolden played Mr. Penny.

Fabia Drake
Fabia Turner (20 January 1904 – 28 February 1990), professionally known as Fabia Drake, was an English actress whose professional career spanned almost 73 years during the 20th century.

Drake was born in Herne Bay, Kent. Her first professional role in a film was in Fred Paul's  Masks and Faces (1917), and her last role was as Madame de Rosemonde in Miloš Forman's Valmont (1989).

Drake was a lifelong friend of Noël Coward and Laurence Olivier.
Rosablanca Formation
The Rosablanca Formation (Spanish: Formación Rosablanca, Kir) is a geological formation of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes and the Middle Magdalena Basin. The formation consists of grey limestones, dolomites and shales with at the upper part sandstones. The formation dates to the Early Cretaceous period; Valanginian epoch and has a thickness of 425 metres (1,394 ft) in the valley of the Sogamoso River.

Valanginian
In the geologic timescale, the Valanginian is an age or stage of the Early or Lower Cretaceous. It spans between 137.05 ± 0.2 Ma and 132.6 ± 0.2 Ma (million years ago). The Valanginian Stage succeeds the Berriasian Stage of the Lower Cretaceous and precedes the Hauterivian Stage of the Lower Cretaceous.
William Sharman Crawford
William Sharman Crawford (1780–1861) was an Irish landowner who, in the Parliament of the United Kingdom, championed a democratic franchise, a devolved legislature for Ireland, and the interests of the Irish tenant farmer. As a Radical representing first, with Daniel O'Connell's endorsement, Dundalk (1835-1837) and then, with the support of Chartists, the English constituency of Rochdale (1841–1852) he introduced bills to codify and extend in Ireland the Ulster tenant right. In his last electoral contest, standing on the platform of the all-Ireland Tenant Right League in 1852 he failed to unseat the Conservative and Orange party in Down, his native county.

Irish Conservative Party
The Irish Conservative Party, often called the Irish Tories, was one of the dominant Irish political parties in Ireland in the 19th century. It was affiliated with the Conservative Party in Great Britain. Throughout much of the century it and the Irish Liberal Party were rivals for electoral dominance among Ireland's small electorate within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, with parties such as the movements of Daniel O'Connell and later the Independent Irish Party relegated into third place. The Irish Conservatives became the principal element of the Irish Unionist Alliance following the alliance's foundation in 1891.
Vamale language
Vamale (Pamale) is a Kanak language of northern New Caledonia. The Hmwaeke dialect, spoken in Tiéta, is fusing with Haveke and nearly extinct. Vamale is nowadays spoken in Tiendanite (called "Usa Vamale"), We Hava, Téganpaïk and Tiouandé. It was spoken in the Pamale valley and its tributaries Vawe and Usa until the colonial war of 1917, when its speakers were displaced.

Haveke language
Haveke (also known as Aveke or 'Aveke) is a Kanak language of New Caledonia, in the commune of Voh. Bwatoo dialect is distinct.

The language is considered endangered with 300 native speakers worldwide reported in 1982. That number gets lower due to the expansion of French in New Caledonia. There are virtually no children speakers of Havake.
Dysfunctome
The dysfunctome is a proposed conceptual framework that describes a library of circuits that may become dysfunctional in the human brain as a consequence of various brain disorders. Analogous to terms like the genome (the total genetic information of an organism), the proteome (the entire set of proteins expressed) and the connectome (the parts of the entire brain and their interconnections) the dysfunctome aims to map out how disruptions—of whichever nature—contribute to disease states and pathological signs or symptoms if specific brain circuits become dysfunctional.

Signs and symptoms
Signs and symptoms are diagnostic indications of an illness, injury, or condition. While signs are objective and externally observable, symptoms are a person's reported subjective experiences.

A sign, for example, can be an elevated or lower than normal temperature or blood pressure; or an abnormal finding showing on medical imaging. A symptom is something out of the ordinary that is experienced by an individual such as feeling feverish, a headache or other pains in the body. Symptoms can be a result of the immune system's response to an infection, the physical manifestation of an abnormal body condition, or the effect of a consumed substance. Symptoms, though often indicative of a disease process, are not always diagnostically relevant, and can be idiopathic in nature.
Angelo Peruzzi
Angelo Peruzzi Ufficiale OMRI (Italian pronunciation: [ˈandʒelo peˈruttsi]; born 16 February 1970) is an Italian football coach and former goalkeeper, and a three-time winner of the Serie A Goalkeeper of the Year award.

Peruzzi is regarded by pundits as one of the greatest Italian goalkeepers of all time, and as one of the best goalkeepers of his generation. Throughout his career, he played for Italian clubs Roma, Hellas Verona, Juventus, Internazionale and Lazio. He had a highly successful spell with Juventus, where he won three Serie A titles, the Coppa Italia, the UEFA Cup and the UEFA Champions League, among other titles; he won a second Coppa Italia with Lazio before retiring with the club in 2007. At international level, he played 31 times for the Italy national team from his debut in 1995, and was a member of their squad which won the 2006 FIFA World Cup. He also represented them at the 1992 Olympics, at UEFA Euro 1996 (as a starting goalkeeper), and at Euro 2004.

Hellas Verona FC
Hellas Verona Football Club, commonly referred to as simply Hellas Verona (Italian: [ˈɛllaz veˈroːna]), is an Italian professional football club based in Verona, Veneto, that currently plays in Serie A. The team won the Serie A championship in the 1984–85 season.

The club has been associated with politically far-right ultras since at least the 1970s, and has repeatedly had racist incidents occur in the stands over the decades, including an incident in 1996 in which an effigy representing Dutch player Maickel Ferrier was hung from the stadium railing with a banner reading "Negro, get out of here" by fans wearing Ku Klux Klan attire. The club was repeated fined in the 2010s and 2020s for fans in the stands racially abusing players on the pitch.

In January 2025, it was announced that the club had been acquired by American private equity Presidio Investors.
Bigger Picture
Bigger Picture (foaled  February 8, 2011, in Kentucky) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse whose wins included the Grade 1 United Nations Handicap plus three consecutive editions of the  John B. Connally Turf Cup.

John B. Connally Turf Cup
The John B. Connally Turf Cup is a Listed American Thoroughbred horse race, for four-year-olds and older over a distance of one and one-half miles (12 furlongs) on the turf track, held annually in late January or early February at Sam Houston Race Park in Houston, Texas. The event currently carries a purse of $200,000.
2003 Nigerian Senate elections in Kaduna State
The 2003 Nigerian Senate election in Kaduna State was held on April 12, 2003, to elect members of the Nigerian Senate to represent Kaduna State. Dalhatu Tafida representing Kaduna North and Isaiah Balat representing Kaduna South won on the platform of Peoples Democratic Party, while Mohammed Aruwa representing Kaduna Central won on the platform of the All Nigeria Peoples Party.

Dalhatu Tafida
Dalhatu Sarki Tafida (born 24 November 1940) was elected Senator for the Kaduna North Senatorial District of Kaduna State, Nigeria at the start of the Nigerian Fourth Republic, running on the People's Democratic Party (PDP) platform. He took office on 29 May 1999.
He was reelected for a further four-year term in 2003.