hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of train automation
The history of automatic train operation includes key dates for system introductions of different Grade of Automation. The lower grades, such as the German Punktförmige Zugbeeinflussung introduced in 1934 have been available earlier. Higher grades, such as the driverless operation have been introduced almost only in case automated guideway transit.

Barcelona Metro line 9
Line 9 (Línia 9 in Catalan) is a rapid transit line of the Barcelona Metro network. A fully-automated line, it started operation on December 13, 2009. Part of the line is still under construction, with 24 stations currently in operation in Barcelona, El Prat de Llobregat, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, and Santa Coloma de Gramenet. The line is currently operated as two disconnected branches; the Aeroport T1 – Zona Universitària section is known as L9 South (L9 Sud in Catalan) while the La Sagrera – Can Zam portion is known as L9 North (L9 Nord in Catalan). The line's missing central section, expected to be completed by 2030, shares a significant portion of its tracks with Line 10.
Lancia V6 engine
In 1950, Lancia introduced one of the world's first production V6 engines in the Lancia Aurelia. The engine was the work of Francesco De Virgilio and was developed to solve the vibration problems Lancia had experienced with its V4 engines. This was achieved by setting the vee angle to 60 degrees. It remained in production through 1970. Lancia used V6 engines in road, sports cars, and sports racing car (such as the D24). The D20 (7 produced) had a 60 degree quad cam V6 2962 cc 217 bhp (162 kW; 220 PS) engine and the D24 (6 produced) a 3300 cc V6 engine.

Lancia Flaminia
The Lancia Flaminia (Tipo 813/823/824/826) is a luxury car produced by Italian automaker Lancia from 1957 until 1970. It was Lancia's flagship model at that time, replacing the Aurelia. It was available throughout its lifetime as in saloon, coupé and cabriolet body styles. The Flaminia coupé and cabriolet were coachbuilt cars with bodies from several prestigious Italian coachbuilders. Four "presidential" stretched limousines were produced by Pininfarina for use on state visits.

12,633 cars were sold over its 13 year lifespan. The coupé outsold the four-door saloon, an unusual occurrence, especially in light of the Flaminia coupés' coachbuilt bodies making them considerably more expensive than the stately Berlina. After a seven-year hiatus, the Flaminia was effectively replaced by the Gamma as Lancia's new flagship in 1976.
Shibing County
Shibing County (Chinese: 施秉县; pinyin: Shībǐng Xiàn; Hmu: Qib Jux) is a county in the east of Guizhou province, China. It is under the administration of the Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture.

Shibing's history goes back to at least 1391, when it was an important crossing halfway on the road between Zhenyuan and Huangping. The name Shibing is based on Miao language words for the stop in the middle. Shibing was established as a county in 1444. Between 1958 and 1962 it was part of Huangping County.

The total population is 170,000 as of 2021. 58.53% of the population belongs to minorities, of these, 52.75% are Miao.

Shibing Karst landscape is part of the South China Karst World Natural Heritage Site.

Huangping County
Huangping County (simplified Chinese: 黄平县; traditional Chinese: 黃平縣; pinyin: Huángpíng Xiàn; Hmu: Wangx Zangx) is a county in the east of Guizhou province, China. It is under the administration of the Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture.
Puthalapattu Assembly constituency
Puthalapattu is a consistency in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh that elects representatives to the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly in India. It is one of the seven assembly segments of Chittoor Lok Sabha constituency.

Dr. Kalikiri Murali Mohan is the current MLA of the constituency, having won the 2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election from Telugu Desam Party. As of 2019, there are a total of 215,183 electors in the constituency. The constituency was established in 2008, as per the Delimitation Orders (2008).

Chittoor Lok Sabha constituency
Chittoor Lok Sabha constituency is one of the twenty-five lok sabha constituencies of Andhra Pradesh in India. It comprises seven assembly segments and belongs to Chittor and Tirupati districts. Daggumalla Prasada Rao is the present MP of the constituency representing Telugu Desam Party.
Maryina Horka
Maryina Horka or Maryina Gorka is a town in Minsk Region, in central Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Pukhavichy District. In 2009, its population was 22,500. As of 2025, it has a population of 19,994.

Maryina Horka is located 60 kilometres (37 mi) south of Minsk. It is traversed by the M5 highway, between Minsk and Babruysk. The city is crossed by highways R59 (Logoisk - Smolevichi - Maryina Gorka), R68 (Pukhovichi - Uzda - Negoreloye), and R92 (Maryina Gorka - Starye Dorogi). Pukhovichi station is located on the Minsk-Gomel railway line.

Babruysk
Babruysk or Bobruysk is a city in Mogilev Region, Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Babruysk District, though it is administratively separated from the district. It is situated on the Berezina River. Babruysk occupies an area of 66 square kilometres (25 sq mi), and comprises over 450 streets whose combined length stretches for over 430 km (267 mi). As of 2025, it has a population of 205,502.

Babruysk is located at the intersection of railroads to Asipovichy, Zhlobin, Aktsyabrski and roads to Minsk, Gomel, Mogilev, Kalinkavichy, Slutsk, and Rahachow. It has the largest timber mill in Belarus and is known for its chemical, machine building, and metal-working industries.

In 2021, there were 38 public schools in Babruysk with over 24,000 students. There are three schools specializing in music, dance and visual arts. In addition, there is a medical school and numerous professional technical schools.
Sweden and weapons of mass destruction
During the late 1940s and 1950s, Sweden had programs for both nuclear and chemical weapons. During the first decades of the Cold War, a nuclear weapons program was active.

No weapon was ever deployed. In the late 1960s, the political landscape and budgetary problems hindered the use of these weapons, and, by the mid-1970s, all plans for weapons of mass destruction had been scrapped.

Swedish National Defence Research Institute
Swedish National Defence Research Institute (Swedish: Försvarets forskningsanstalt, FOA) was a Swedish government agency in defense research existing from 1945 to 31 December 2000. It was amalgamated with the National Aeronautical Research Institute (FFA) into the Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI) which was established on 1 January 2001.
Edward Barber (priest)
Edward Barber (born Brighouse, 19 September 1841 – died Chester, 23 July 1914) was Archdeacon of Chester from 1886 until his death.

Born into an ecclesiastical family, Barber was educated at St Peter's School, York, and Magdalen College, Oxford. Ordained in 1865, he was an Assistant Master at St Peter's College, Radley, then an Inspector of Schools in the Diocese of Oxford from 1872 and 1983; Rector of Chalfont St Giles from 1883 to 1986; and a Canon Residentiary of Chester Cathedral from then on.

St Peter's School, York
St Peter's School is a co-educational private boarding and day school (also referred to as a public school), in the English city of York, with extensive grounds on the banks of the River Ouse. Founded by St Paulinus of York in AD 627, it is considered to be the third-oldest school in the world, although some historians take a more skeptical view. It is part of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference and York Boarding Schools Group.

The school accepts pupils aged two to eighteen.
Bonegilla House
Bonegilla House is a heritage-listed house at 587 Kiewa Street, Albury, in the Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia. It is also known as Grace-evelyn Lodge. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Albury
Albury (/ˈɔːlbəri/ ALL-bree; Wiradjuri: Bungambrawatha) is a major regional city located in the Murray region of New South Wales, Australia. It is part of the twin city of Albury-Wodonga, situated on the Hume Highway and the northern side of the Murray River. Albury is the seat of local government for the council area which also bears the city's name – the City of Albury. It is on the Victoria–New South Wales border.

Albury has an urban population of 53,677 and is separated from its twin city in Victoria, Wodonga, by the Murray River. Together, the two cities form an urban area with a population of 97,793 in 2021. It is 554 kilometres (344 mi) from the state capital Sydney and 326 kilometres (203 mi) from the Victorian capital Melbourne.

Said to be named after a village in England, United Kingdom, Albury developed as a major transport link between New South Wales and Victoria and was proclaimed a city in 1946.
Melchior Hoffmann (composer)
Georg Melchior Hoffmann (c. 1679 – 6 October 1715) was a Baroque composer who was influential as the leader at the Collegium Musicum in Leipzig. Some of his compositions have been mistaken for those of Johann Sebastian Bach.

Aria
In music, an aria (/ˈɑːriə/ ⓘ, Italian: [ˈaːrja]; pl.: arie, Italian: [ˈaːrje]; arias in common usage; diminutive form: arietta, Italian: [aˈrjetta]; pl.: ariette; in English simply air) is a self-contained piece for one voice, with or without instrumental or orchestral accompaniment, normally part of a larger work.

The typical context for arias is opera, but vocal arias also feature in oratorios and cantatas, or they can be stand-alone concert arias. The term was originally used to refer to any expressive melody, usually, but not always, performed by a singer.
Dock Tarn
Dock Tarn is a small tarn located within the Lake District National Park in Cumbria, England, at grid reference NY273143. It is situated on moorland at 400 metres above sea level near the summit of Great Crag, midway between Watendlath, the Stonethwaite valley and Borrowdale. It measures approximately 300 by 200 metres, and the shoreline is indented with rocky headlands and bays. There is a tiny island in the tarn with a few small Rowan trees growing on it. Many Lake District writers rate Dock Tarn and the walk to it very highly because of its quiet beauty.

The tarn can be reached from Watendlath by a 2.5 kilometre walk along a path that climbs very close to the summit of Great Crag; many walkers include the ascent of this fell in the outing. The approach from Stonethwaite is of a similar distance but is more arduous, going steeply through the deciduous woodland in the valley before following the stream of Willygrass Gill, which is the outflow of Dock Tarn.

Watendlath
Watendlath is a hamlet and tarn (a small lake)  in the Lake District in the English county of Cumbria, historically part of Cumberland,

Watendlath is owned by the National Trust and sits high between the Borrowdale and Thirlmere valleys at 863 feet (263 m) above sea level.
Juan Manuel Bayón
Juan Manuel Bayón (November 15, 1926 – December 12, 2017) was an Argentine military officer, retired brigadier general, and government official during the National Reorganization Process military dictatorship. He held the position of Governor of Misiones Province from March 31, 1981, until December 11, 1983.

Bayón died on December 12, 2017, at the age of 91. He was buried in La Recoleta Cemetery in Buenos Aires on December 14, 2017.

Governor of Misiones Province
The Governor of Misiones Province (Spanish: Gobernador de la Provincia de Misiones) is the chief executive of Misiones, one of the federal Provinces of Argentina. This office is elected by the popular vote of the province for term of four years. Since 10 December 2023, the governor has been Hugo Passalacqua of the Party of Social Concord.
Radagaisus
Radagaisus (died 23 August 406) was a Gothic king who led an invasion of Roman Italy in late 405 and the first half of 406. A committed pagan, he was executed after being defeated by the general Stilicho.

Peter Heather
Peter John Heather (born 8 June 1960) is a British historian of late antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. Heather holds the statutory Chair of Medieval History in the Department of History at King's College London. He specialises in the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the Goths, on which he for decades has been considered the world's leading authority.
Lyutitsa Nunatak
Lyutitsa Nunatak (Nunatak Lyutitsa \'nu-na-tak lyu-'ti-tsa\) is a rocky peak of elevation 430 m projecting from the ice cap in Breznik Heights on Greenwich Island, Antarctica.  Overlooking Musala Glacier to the north, east, and south.  Bulgarian topographic survey Tangra 2004/05.

The feature is named after the medieval fortress of Lyutitsa in the Eastern Rhodope Mountains, Bulgaria.

Breznik Heights
Breznik Heights (Breznishki Vazvisheniya \'brez-nish-ki v&-zvi-'she-ni-ya\) rises to over 600 m in the southeast part of Greenwich Island in Antarctica.  They extend 12 km between Santa Cruz Point in the northeast and the base of the moraine spit of Provadiya Hook at the mouth of Yankee Harbour in the southwest.  The heights are ice-covered except for limited precipitous areas such as those at Oborishte Ridge, Ephraim Bluff, Viskyar Ridge and Bogdan Ridge.

The heights are named after the town of Breznik in Western Bulgaria.
Philip Fries House
The Philip Fries House is a historic house located along Cohansey-Daretown Road in the Friesburg section of Alloway Township in Salem County, New Jersey. The Federal brick house, built in 1808, and associated barn were added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 28, 1990, for significance in architecture.

Friesburg, New Jersey
Friesburg is an unincorporated community located within Alloway Township, in Salem County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. It was founded in 1748 and previously contained a post office, creamery, general store, sawmill, and blacksmith.

Friesburg is named after Jacob Fries who donated the land for the site of the Emanuel Lutheran Church, and who is also buried on the grounds.
Richardson Stadium (Davidson)
Richardson Stadium is a stadium in Davidson, North Carolina. It was home to the Davidson Wildcats football, lacrosse, and track and field teams until 2023.

The stadium incorporates both Stephen B. Smith Field and Irwin Belk Track. Richardson Stadium has a capacity for 6,000 people.

Davidson Wildcats football
The Davidson Wildcats football program is the intercollegiate American football team for Davidson College located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The team competes in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) and are members of the Pioneer Football League. Davidson's first football team was fielded in 1896. The team plays its home games at the 5,000 seat Davidson College Stadium in Davidson, North Carolina. The Wildcats are coached by Saj Thakkar.
1926 United States Senate election in Missouri
The 1926 United States Senate election in Missouri took place on November 2, 1926 in Missouri. The Republican Senator elected in 1920, Selden P. Spencer, died on May 16, 1925. George Howard Williams was appointed to continue Spencer's term on May 25, and ran for a full term in this election. He was defeated by the Democratic nominee Harry B. Hawes, who won 51% of the vote. Hawes also defeated Williams in the special election held the same day.

1920 United States Senate election in Missouri
The 1920 United States Senate election in Missouri took place on November 2, 1920 in Missouri. The incumbent Republican Senator, Selden P. Spencer, was re-elected to a full term, having won a special election in 1918. He defeated Breckinridge Long of the Democratic Party. Spencer underperformed Republican presidential nominee Warren G. Harding, who won 54.6% of the vote in the concurrent presidential election.
Enga Province
Enga is one of the provinces in Papua New Guinea (PNG). Enga is geographically situated in the northern region of Papua New Guinea and was separated from the adjacent Western Highlands at the time of national independence in 1975. The majority ethnic group are Engans. Approximately 500,000 people live within the province, which has one spoken language in all five of its districts. A small minority of Engans' land on the eastern side of the region remained in the Western Highlands, their territory being accessible by road from Mount Hagen but not directly from elsewhere in Enga territory.

National Parliament of Papua New Guinea
The National Parliament of Papua New Guinea is the unicameral national legislature in Papua New Guinea. It was created in 1964 as the House of Assembly of Papua and New Guinea but gained its current name after the nation was granted independence in 1975.
2011 LPGA Championship
The 2011 LPGA Championship was the 57th LPGA Championship, held June 23–26 at Locust Hill Country Club in Pittsford, New York, a suburb southeast of Rochester. Known for sponsorship reasons as the Wegmans LPGA Championship, it was the second of four major championships on the LPGA Tour during the 2011 season. This was the second of four consecutive years the LPGA Championship was played at Locust Hill.

The champion was Yani Tseng, age 22, with a 269 (−19) to win by ten strokes over Morgan Pressel. It was Tseng's second LPGA Championship victory (2008) and fourth major championship.  It was her third victory of 2011 and eighth career win on the LPGA Tour. It was the second consecutive year with a double-digit victory margin. Defending champion Cristie Kerr tied for third, eleven strokes back; she won by twelve strokes in 2010.

2008 LPGA Championship
The 2008 LPGA Championship was the 54th LPGA Championship, played June 5–8 at Bulle Rock Golf Course in Havre de Grace, Maryland. This was the second of four major championships on the LPGA Tour in 2008.

The champion was tour rookie Yani Tseng, age 19, with a playoff victory over Maria Hjorth. The two finished regulation play at 276 (−12), one stroke ahead of Annika Sörenstam and Lorena Ochoa.  Tseng birdied the fourth extra hole for her first career win on the LPGA Tour and became the first rookie to win a major in a decade.

This championship was played at Bulle Rock for five consecutive seasons, 2005 through 2009.
Reid's Butcher Shop
Reid's Butcher Shop is a heritage-listed former shop at 462 Guinea Street, Albury, City of Albury, New South Wales, Australia. The property is owned by John and Margaret-Anne Baker. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Albury
Albury (/ˈɔːlbəri/ ALL-bree; Wiradjuri: Bungambrawatha) is a major regional city located in the Murray region of New South Wales, Australia. It is part of the twin city of Albury-Wodonga, situated on the Hume Highway and the northern side of the Murray River. Albury is the seat of local government for the council area which also bears the city's name – the City of Albury. It is on the Victoria–New South Wales border.

Albury has an urban population of 53,677 and is separated from its twin city in Victoria, Wodonga, by the Murray River. Together, the two cities form an urban area with a population of 97,793 in 2021. It is 554 kilometres (344 mi) from the state capital Sydney and 326 kilometres (203 mi) from the Victorian capital Melbourne.

Said to be named after a village in England, United Kingdom, Albury developed as a major transport link between New South Wales and Victoria and was proclaimed a city in 1946.
Ruppia maritima
Ruppia maritima is an aquatic plant species commonly known as beaked tasselweed, beaked ditchgrass, ditch grass, tassel pondweed and widgeon grass.  Despite its scientific name, it is not a marine plant; is perhaps best described as a salt-tolerant freshwater species. The generic name Ruppia was dedicated by Linnaeus to the German botanist Heinrich Bernhard Ruppius (1689–1719) and the specific name (maritima) translates to "of the sea".

Halophyte
A halophyte is a salt-tolerant plant that grows in soil or waters of high salinity, coming into contact with saline water through its roots or by salt spray, such as in saline semi-deserts, mangrove swamps, marshes and sloughs, and seashores. The word derives from Ancient Greek ἅλας (halas) 'salt' and φυτόν (phyton) 'plant'. Halophytes have different anatomy, physiology and biochemistry than glycophytes. An example of a halophyte is the salt marsh grass Spartina alterniflora (smooth cordgrass). Relatively few plant species are halophytes—perhaps only 2% of all plant species.

The large majority of plant species are glycophytes, which are not salt-tolerant and are damaged fairly easily by high salinity.
FogBugz
FogBugz is an integrated web-based project management system  featuring bug and issue tracking, discussion forums, wikis, customer relationship management, and evidence-based scheduling originally developed by Fog Creek Software.

Issue tracking system
An issue tracking system (also ITS, trouble ticket system, support ticket, request management or incident ticket system) is a computer software package that manages and maintains lists of issues. Issue tracking systems are generally used in collaborative settings, especially in large or distributed collaborations, but can also be employed by individuals as part of a time management or personal productivity regimen. These systems often encompass resource allocation, time accounting, priority management, and oversight workflow in addition to implementing a centralized issue registry.
2003 Open Championship
The 2003 Open Championship was a men's major golf championship and the 132nd Open Championship, held from 17 to 20 July at Royal St George's Golf Club in Sandwich, England. Ben Curtis won his only major title, one stroke ahead of runners-up Thomas Bjørn and Vijay Singh. Bjørn had led in the final round by two shots with three holes to play, but needed three attempts to play out of a greenside bunker on the 16th hole. Playing in his first major championship and number 396 in the world rankings, Curtis became the first debut winner at The Open since Tom Watson in 1975.

Royal St George's Golf Club
The Royal St George's Golf Club is a golf club located in Sandwich, Kent, England. It is one of the courses on The Open Championship rota, and the only one in South East England. The club has hosted 15 Open championships, the first in 1894 when it became the first club outside Scotland to host the championship. Past champions include Collin Morikawa, Darren Clarke, Ben Curtis, Greg Norman, Sandy Lyle, Bill Rogers, Bobby Locke, Reg Whitcombe, Henry Cotton, Walter Hagen (on two occasions), Harry Vardon (on two occasions), Jack White and John Henry Taylor. In 2021, Royal St. George's saw Collin Morikawa win The Open Championship. It has also hosted The Amateur Championship 14 times.
Polomka (river)
The Polomka (Russian: Поломка) is a river in Perm Krai of Russia. It is a left tributary of the Gayva, which is a tributary of the Kama. The Polomka is 2.1 kilometres (1.3 mi) long. It flows over the north-western part of Perm.

The slope of the river 16.7 metres per kilometre (88 ft/mi).

Perm, Russia
Perm (Russian: Пермь, IPA: [pʲermʲ] ⓘ, IPA: [pʲerʲmʲ]; Komi-Permyak: Перем; Komi: Перым), originally known as Yagoshikha (Ягошиха; 1723–1781) and briefly as Molotov (Молотов; 1940–1957), is the administrative centre of Perm Krai in the European part of Russia. It sits on the banks of the Kama River near the Ural Mountains, covering an area of 799.68 square kilometres (308.76 square miles). With over one million residents Perm is the 15th-largest city in Russia and the 5th-largest in the Volga Federal District.