hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Semimartingale
In probability theory, a real-valued stochastic process X is called a semimartingale if it can be decomposed as the sum of a local martingale and a càdlàg adapted finite-variation process. Semimartingales are "good integrators", forming the largest class of processes with respect to which the Itô integral and the Stratonovich integral can be defined.

The class of semimartingales is quite large (including, for example, all continuously differentiable processes, Brownian motion and Poisson processes). Submartingales and supermartingales together represent a subset of the semimartingales.

Càdlàg
In mathematics, a càdlàg (French: continue à droite, limite à gauche), RCLL ("right continuous with left limits"), or corlol ("continuous on (the) right, limit on (the) left") function is a function defined on the real numbers (or a subset of them) that is everywhere right-continuous and has left limits everywhere. Càdlàg functions are important in the study of stochastic processes that admit (or even require) jumps, unlike Brownian motion, which has continuous sample paths. The collection of càdlàg functions on a given domain is known as Skorokhod space.

Two related terms are càglàd, standing for "continue à gauche, limite à droite", the left-right reversal of càdlàg, and càllàl for "continue à l'un, limite à l’autre" (continuous on one side, limit on the other side), for a function which at each point of the domain is either càdlàg or càglàd.
Leighton McIntosh
Leighton McIntosh (born 11 February 1993) is a Scottish footballer who plays as a striker for Scottish League Two side Dumbarton.

He began his career at Dundee and during his time there scored some important goals to help them avoid relegation from the Scottish Championship during their administration troubles. He has also had spells at Airdrieonians, Montrose, Arbroath, Peterhead, Cove Rangers, UMF Selfoss in Iceland and Jordanian Pro League club Al Ahli.

Scottish League Two
The Scottish League Two, known as William Hill League Two for sponsorship reasons, is the fourth tier of the Scottish Professional Football League, the league competition for men's professional football clubs in Scotland. The Scottish League Two was established in July 2013, after the Scottish Professional Football League was formed by a merger of the Scottish Premier League and Scottish Football League.

Since the 2014–15 season, the bottom team has entered a play-off against the winner of a play-off between the winners of the Highland and Lowland Leagues for a place in the following season's competition.
Red-Handed
"Red-Handed" is the 15th episode of the American fairy tale/drama television series Once Upon a Time, which aired in the United States on ABC on March 11, 2012.

The series takes place in the fictional seaside town of Storybrooke, Maine, in which the residents are actually characters from various fairy tales that were transported to the "real world" town by a powerful curse. This episode deals with Red Riding Hood's backstory, and Ruby being hired by Emma.

It was written by Jane Espenson, while being directed by Ron Underwood.

Ron Underwood
Ronald Brian Underwood (born November 6, 1953) is an American film and television director, known for directing such films as Tremors (1990), City Slickers (1991), Heart and Souls (1993), and Mighty Joe Young (1998).
Flora and Maria
Flora and María were the first two of nine female Christian Martyrs of Córdoba. After denouncing Islam before an Islamic judge, they were imprisoned. Though threatened "with being thrown upon the streets as prostitutes", they were eventually beheaded.  They are commemorated on 24 November.

Eulogius of Córdoba
Saint Eulogius of Córdoba (Spanish: San Eulogio de Córdoba (died 11 March 859)) was one of the Martyrs of Córdoba.  He lived during the reigns of the Cordovan emirs Abd ar-Rahman II and Muhammad I (mid-9th century).
Good Pizza, Great Pizza
Good Pizza, Great Pizza is a restaurant management video game developed by TapBlaze for iOS, Android, Fire OS, Nintendo Switch, macOS, and Windows. The player focuses on taking orders from customers and cooking pizzas to be the best Ovenist on the street.

Fire OS
Fire OS is an Android (AOSP)-based operating system developed by Amazon for their hardware devices. Fire OS includes a customized user interface primarily centered on content consumption, and heavy ties to content available from Amazon's storefronts including Appstore and services.
Des Hoyaa Pardes
Des Hoyaa Pardes is a 2004 Indian Punjabi-language film, directed by Manoj Punj, starring Gurdas Maan, Juhi Chawla, Divya Dutta and Anup Soni. It won the National Award for Best Feature Film in Punjabi.

Gurdas Maan
Gurdas Maan (born 4 January 1957) is an Indian singer, songwriter and actor mainly associated with Punjabi language music and films. He gained national attention in 1980 with the song "Dil Da Mamla Hai". Since then, he had gone on to record over 34 albums and had written over 305 songs. In 2015 he performed on the song "Ki Banu Dunia Da" with Diljit Dosanjh in MTV Coke studio India that was aired in season 4 episode 5 (16 August 2015) on MTV India. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest and the most influential Punjabi musicians of all time.
Byron Moffatt Britton
Byron Moffatt Britton (September 3, 1833 – November 19, 1920) was a Canadian politician, lawyer and lecturer. He was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the 1896 election to represent the riding of Kingston. He was re-elected in 1900.

The son of Daniel Britton and Nancy Moffatt, both Americans who had come to Upper Canada, he was educated at Victoria University in Cobourg, studied law in Toronto and Belleville and was called to the bar in 1859. Britton set up practice in Kingston. In 1875, he was named Queen's Counsel. He was Crown Attorney for Frontenac county from 1883 to 1891. Britton also served on the board of governors for Kingston General Hospital. In 1863, he married Mary E., the daughter of Luther Hamilton Holton.

Prior to his federal experience, he was a councillor, then mayor of Kingston, Ontario (1876–1877). He was appointed Judge of the Court of King's Bench for Ontario on September 24, 1901. Britton presided over the 1911 Angelina Napolitano case.

Luther Hamilton Holton
Luther Hamilton Holton (January 22, 1817 – March 14, 1880) was a Canadian businessman and political figure. He represented Châteauguay as a Liberal member in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1880. He became Minister of Finance,  Governor of McGill University, board member of the Montreal Board of Trade, and an early developer of the railroads in Canada.
Killers Three
Killers Three is an American crime drama film produced in 1968 by Dick Clark Productions and released by American International Pictures starring Robert Walker Jr., Diane Varsi and Dick Clark. Others in the cast include Norman Alden, Maureen Arthur, Merle Haggard and Bonnie Owens.

This western crime drama was written for the screen by Dick Clark and Michael Fisher. It was produced by Clark and directed by Bruce Kessler.

The soundtrack-album featured country singers Merle Haggard, Bonnie Owens, Kay Adams and Jack Clement. Haggard sings his own compositions including "Mama Tried".

Diane Varsi
Diane Marie Antonia Varsi (February 23, 1938 – November 19, 1992) was an American film actress best known for her performances in Peyton Place – her film debut, for which she was nominated for an Academy Award – and the cult film Wild in the Streets. She left Hollywood to pursue personal and artistic aims, notably at Bennington College in Vermont, where she studied poetry with poet and translator Ben Belitt.
Paul Pesch
Paul Pesch is a male former international table tennis player from Romania.

He won a bronze medal at the 1956 World Table Tennis Championships in the Swaythling Cup (men's team event) with Toma Reiter, Matei Gantner, Tiberiu Harasztosi and Mircea Popescu for Romania.

Toma Reiter
Toma Reiter is a male former international table tennis player from Romania.

He won a bronze medal at the 1956 World Table Tennis Championships in the mixed doubles with Ella Zeller.

In addition he was also part of the Romanian team that won a bronze in the Swaythling Cup (men's team event).
Bekir Pasha (Bosnia)
Bekir Pasha[a] (fl. 1800–07) was an Ottoman governor with the rank of pasha who notably governed the Bosnia Eyalet as Vali from September 1801 to January 1805. He was sent by the Porte to pacify the Sanjak of Smederevo ("Belgrade Pashalik") which was caught up in armed conflict between the Serbs and the Dahije, the renegade Janissaries that had wrested the Pashalik in 1801 and ruled in tyranny.

Sanjak of Smederevo
The Sanjak of Smederevo, also known in historiography as the Pashalik of Belgrade,[a] was an Ottoman administrative unit (sanjak) centered on Smederevo, that existed between the 15th and the outset of the 19th centuries. It was located in the territory of present-day Central Serbia.
Philippe Morillon
Philippe Morillon (French pronunciation: [filip mɔʁijɔ̃]; 24 October 1935 – 29 January 2026) was a French general, who commanded the United Nations Defence Force during the Bosnian War between 1992 and 1993. He later was a Member of the European Parliament between 1999 and 2009, elected on the Union for French Democracy ticket with the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe group.

He is a controversial figure in Bosnia. His phrase to the crowd "you are now under the protection of the UN. I will never abandon you." before leaving Srebrenica in 1993 is remembered by locals as Western countries' abandonment of the Bosnians when the Srebrenica massacre occurred two years later. However, outside Bosnia, Morillon was recognised as the person who warned of the humanitarian crisis in Srebrenica and contributed to improving the situation in the city.

Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe
The Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE; French: Alliance des Démocrates et des Libéraux pour l'Europe, ADLE) was a transnational alliance between two European political parties, the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party and the European Democratic Party. ALDE had political groups in the European Parliament, the EU Committee of the Regions, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe and the NATO Parliamentary Assembly. There were assorted independents in these groups as well as national-level affiliate parties of the European-level parties.

The pro-European platform of ALDE espoused liberal economics, and supported for European integration and the European single market.

Following the 2019 European Parliament election, Renew Europe replaced the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe group from the 2014−2019 Parliament, and ALDE, as a political alliance between the ALDE Party and the EDP, ceased to be mentioned.
A Christmas Carol (TV special)
A Christmas Carol is a British-American animated adaptation of Charles Dickens's 1843 novella. The film was broadcast on U.S. television by ABC on December 21, 1971, and released theatrically soon after. In 1972, it won the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film. The film notably has Alastair Sim and Michael Hordern reprising their respective roles as Ebenezer Scrooge and Marley's ghost.

Ebenezer Scrooge
Ebenezer Scrooge (/ˌɛ.bɪ.ˈniː.zər ˈskruːdʒ/) is a fictional character and the protagonist of Charles Dickens's 1843 novella A Christmas Carol. Initially a cold-hearted miser who despises Christmas, his redemption by visits from the ghost of Jacob Marley and the Ghosts of Christmas Past, Present, and Yet to Come has become a defining tale of the Christmas holiday in the English-speaking world.

Dickens describes Scrooge thus early in the story: "The cold within him froze his old features, nipped his pointed nose, shrivelled his cheek, stiffened his gait; made his eyes red, his thin lips blue; and spoke out shrewdly in his grating voice." Throughout the novella, visits from the four ghosts show Scrooge the errors of his ways, and he transforms into a better, more generous man. Scrooge's last name has entered the English language as a byword for greed and misanthropy, while his catchphrase, "Bah! Humbug!" is often used to express disgust with many modern Christmas traditions.
John Zajac Jr.
John Zajac Jr. (November 15, 1932 – August 28, 2023) was an American politician. He served as a Republican member for the 83rd district of the Connecticut House of Representatives. He also served as a member for the 13th district of the Connecticut State Senate.

Connecticut State Senate
The Connecticut State Senate is the upper house of the Connecticut General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Connecticut. The state senate comprises 36 members, each representing a district with around 99,280 inhabitants. Senators are elected to two-year terms without term limits. The Connecticut State Senate is one of 14 state legislative upper houses whose members serve two-year terms; four-year terms are more common.

As in other upper houses of state and territorial legislatures and the federal U.S. Senate, the Senate is vested with special functions such as confirming or rejecting gubernatorial appointments to the state's executive departments, the state cabinet, commissions and boards. Unlike a majority of U.S. state legislatures, both the Connecticut House of Representatives and the State Senate vote on the composition of the Connecticut Supreme Court.

The Senate meets within the State Capitol in Hartford.
North Euston Hotel
The North Euston Hotel is a hotel in Fleetwood, Lancashire, England. It was built between 1840 and 1841, to a design by Decimus Burton. During the second half of the 19th century, the building was used by the War Department as a School of Musketry; by the end of the century, it had reverted to its original purpose. The hotel has been designated a Grade II listed building by English Heritage.

War Department (United Kingdom)
The War Department was the United Kingdom government department responsible for the supply of equipment to the armed forces of the United Kingdom and the pursuance of military activity. In 1857, it became the War Office. Within the War Office, the name 'War Department' remained in use to describe the military transport services of the War Department Fleet and the War Department Railways.
Doris Beeston
Doris Anne Beeston (1897 – 1940) was an Australian kindergarten teacher. She was a leading figure in the Australian Kindergarten movement. During the second world war she volunteered to be an escort to British children who were emigrating to avoid the conflict. In 1940 she was aboard the MS Rangitane (1929) when it was fired on by German auxiliary cruiser Orion. Ten people died including Beeston. Her memorial included a kindergarten building.

German auxiliary cruiser Orion
Orion (HSK-1) was an auxiliary cruiser of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine which operated as a merchant raider in World War II. Blohm & Voss built her in Hamburg in 1930–31 as the cargo ship Kurmark. The navy requisitioned her at the start of World War II, had her converted into the auxiliary cruiser Orion, and commissioned her on 9 December 1939. Known to the Kriegsmarine as Schiff 36, her Royal Navy designation was Raider A. She was named after the constellation Orion.
Geraldine A. Allen
Geraldine Anne Allen (born 1950) is a botanist, professor of biology, and herbarium curator at the University of Victoria in British Columbia, Canada. She obtained formal education at the University of British Columbia and Oregon State University, earning a Doctor of Philosophy degree in botany and plant pathology from the latter in 1981. During her career, she has authored or co-authored over 50 publications, including genera chapters for Flora of North America and the Jepson Manual. She also has authored several species of the Erythronium genus.

Flora of North America
The Flora of North America North of Mexico (usually referred to as FNA) is a multivolume work describing the native plants and naturalized plants of North America, including the United States, Canada, St. Pierre and Miquelon, and Greenland. It includes bryophytes and vascular plants. All taxa are described and included in dichotomous keys, distributions of all species and infraspecific taxa are mapped, and about 20% of species are illustrated with line drawings prepared specifically for FNA. It is expected to fill 30 volumes when completed and will be the first work to treat all of the known flora north of Mexico; in 2015 it was expected that the series would conclude in 2017. Twenty-four of the volumes have been published as of 2024.

Soon after publication, the contents are made available online.

FNA is a collaboration of about 1,000 authors, artists, reviewers, and editors from throughout the world.
Democracy (song)
"Democracy" is a song by Canadian musician Leonard Cohen featuring Jeff Fisher, first released on Cohen's 1992 album The Future. The lyrics discuss the failings and the promise of democracy in the United States. The song was written approximately during the fall of the Berlin Wall, which led Cohen to question where democracy came from. Cohen stated that it was "a song of deep intimacy and affirmation of the experiment of democracy" in the United States.

Fall of the Berlin Wall
The Berlin Wall fell on 9 November 1989 during the Peaceful Revolution, marking the beginning of the destruction of the figurative Iron Curtain, as East Berlin transit restrictions were overwhelmed and discarded.  Sections of the wall were breached, and planned deconstruction began the following June. It was one of the series of events that started the fall of communism in Central and Eastern Europe. The fall of the inner German border took place shortly afterward. An end to the Cold War was declared at the Malta Summit in early December, and German reunification took place in October the following year.
Apartment (band)
Apartment was an English four-piece alternative rock band from London. They formed in 2005 and were signed to Filthy Lucre and Fleet Street Records. The band toured with The Bravery, Delays, Editors, Jimmy Eat World and British Sea Power amongst others. They also appeared on a co-headline tour of France with The Kooks. They shared many stages with fellow East-Londoners Boy Kill Boy.  They released their debut album, The Dreamer Evasive, in 2007. The song from the album "Fall Into Place" was also selected to be featured in the video game by EA Sports, FIFA 08, as well as in the first-season episode of Chuck, "Chuck Versus the Wookiee".

The Bravery
The Bravery is an American rock band formed in New York City in 2003. The band consists of lead vocalist Sam Endicott, guitarist Michael Zakarin, keyboardist John Conway, bassist Mike Hindert and drummer Anthony Burulcich. They are best known for their 2005 top 10 UK single "An Honest Mistake" and their certified gold 2008 single "Believe". Before their initial split, they released three studio albums: The Bravery (2005), The Sun and the Moon (2007) and Stir the Blood (2009). They also released a remixed edition of their second album, called The Sun and the Moon Complete, in 2008, as well as an Internet live album called Live at the Wiltern Theater in 2010. The group's music is mostly post-punk, dance-influenced rock.

The band was inactive from the early 2010s onward, with Endicott confirming the band's indefinite hiatus in April 2014. On July 31, 2021, The Bravery's website confirmed the return of the group.
Coastal Brigade
The Coastal Brigade (Finnish: Rannikkoprikaati, RPR) is a brigade-level unit in the Finnish Navy. It is responsible for amphibious warfare, naval reconnaissance and special operations of the Finnish Navy. It is one of the three main units of the Navy, alongside the Coastal Fleet and Nyland Brigade.

Coastal Fleet (Finland)
The Coastal Fleet of the Finnish Navy (Finnish: Rannikkolaivasto, Swedish: Kustflottan) is the main naval fleet in the Finnish Navy. It is responsible for the territorial integrity of Finland and its territorial waters. Almost all of Finland's naval vessels are part of the Coastal Fleet.
2018 Snooker Shoot Out
The 2018 Shoot Out (officially the 2018 Coral Snooker Shoot Out) was a professional ranking snooker tournament, that took place from 8–11 February 2018 in Watford, England. It was played under a variation of the standard rules of snooker, and was the fourteenth ranking event of the 2017/2018 season.

Anthony McGill was the defending champion, but he lost to Mark Davis in the first round, after Davis made a break of 102.

Michael Georgiou won his first ever ranking title, beating Graeme Dott 67–56 in the final. None of the top five players in the world rankings at the time, (Mark Selby, Ronnie O'Sullivan, Judd Trump, Ding Junhui and John Higgins) had entered the tournament.

Anthony McGill
Anthony McGill (born 5 February 1991) is a Scottish professional snooker player. He is a practice partner of retired snooker player Alan McManus.

McGill turned professional in 2010, after finishing fourth in the 2009/2010 PIOS rankings. He won the 2016 Indian Open, after having previously never been beyond the quarter-final stage of a ranking event.
Duck Key
Duck Key is an island in Monroe County, Florida, United States, in the middle Florida Keys. It is part of the Duck Key, Florida census-designated place. The CDP also includes the neighboring island of Conch Key.

Conch Key, Florida
Conch Key is an island and unincorporated community in Monroe County, Florida, United States, located in the middle Florida Keys. U.S. 1 (the Overseas Highway) crosses the key at approximately mile markers 62–63, between Long and Duck Keys. It is part of the census-designated place of Duck Key.

Little Conch Key, near mile marker 62.2, is also known as Walker's Island.
Agnar Höskuldsson
Dr. Agnar Höskuldsson (born 1939) is a Danish scientist who specializes in the field of chemometrics. He was formerly an associate professor at the Technical University of Denmark. He was awarded the Herman Wold gold medal for his contribution to chemometrics in 1997  and over the span of his career he has published over 30 scientific papers and is credited with over 2000 scientific citations.

Technical University of Denmark
The Technical University of Denmark (Danish: Danmarks Tekniske Universitet), often simply referred to as DTU, is a polytechnic university and school of engineering. It was founded in 1829 at the initiative of Hans Christian Ørsted as Denmark's first polytechnic, and it is today ranked among Europe's leading engineering institutions. It is located in the town Kongens Lyngby, 12 km (7.5 mi) north of central Copenhagen, Denmark.

Along with École Polytechnique in Paris, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Eindhoven University of Technology, Technical University of Munich and Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, DTU is a member of EuroTech Universities Alliance.
Port of Hell
Port of Hell is a 1954 American drama film directed by Harold D. Schuster and written by Tom Hubbard, Fred Eggers and Gil Doud. The film stars Dane Clark, Carole Mathews, Wayne Morris, Marshall Thompson, Marjorie Lord and Harold Peary. The film was released on December 5, 1954, by Allied Artists Pictures.

Marjorie Lord
Marjorie Lord (née Wollenberg; July 26, 1918 – November 28, 2015) was an American television and film actress. She played Kathy "Clancy" O'Hara Williams, opposite Danny Thomas's character on The Danny Thomas Show (Make Room for Daddy).