hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Additive state decomposition
Additive state decomposition occurs when a system is decomposed into two or more subsystems with the same dimension as that of the original system. A commonly used decomposition in the control field is to decompose a system into two or more lower-order subsystems, called lower-order subsystem decomposition here. In contrast, additive state decomposition is to decompose a system into two or more subsystems with the same dimension as that of the original system.

Taking a system P for example, it is decomposed into two subsystems: Pp and Ps, where dim(Pp) = np and dim(Ps) = ns, respectively. The lower-order subsystem decomposition satisfies

By contrast, the additive state decomposition satisfies

System
A system is a group of interacting or interrelated elements that act according to a set of rules to form a unified whole. A system, surrounded and influenced by its environment, is described by its boundaries, structure and purpose and is expressed in its functioning. Systems are the subjects of study of systems theory and other systems sciences.

Systems have several common properties and characteristics, including structure, function(s), behavior and interconnectivity.
Valentine Green
Valentine Green FSA (3 October 1739 – 29 July 1813) was a British mezzotinter and print publisher. Green trained under Robert Hancock, a Worcester engraver, after which he moved to London and began working as a mezzotint engraver. He began to exhibit with the Incorporated Society of Artists from 1766, became a fellow a year later and a director in 1771. He was appointed mezzotint engraver to the King in 1773, and the following year was elected an associate engraver with the Royal Academy. Throughout the 1770s and 1780s, Green's engraving practice flourished. In the 1790s, however, several of his international speculations failed and in 1798 he was declared bankrupt. In 1805, he accepted the role of keeper of the British Institution, a post he held until his death.

Society of Artists of Great Britain
The Society of Artists of Great Britain was founded in London in May 1761 by an association of artists in order to provide a venue for the public exhibition of recent work by living artists, such as was having success in the long-established Paris salons. Leading members seceded from the society in 1768, a move leading directly to the formation of the Royal Academy of Arts. The society was dissolved in 1791 after years of decline.
Kawazu-Nanadaru Loop Bridge
The Kawazu-Nanadaru Loop Bridge (河津七滝ループ橋, Kawazu-Nanadaru Rūpu-kyō) is a bridge located in Kawazu, Shizuoka on Japan National Route 414 connecting Numazu to Shimoda, in Japan's Izu Peninsula southwest of Tokyo.

Shimoda, Shizuoka
Shimoda (下田市, Shimoda-shi) is a city and port located in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 February 2024, the city had an estimated population of 19,670 in 10,436 households, and a population density of 188 persons per square kilometre (490 persons/mi2). The total area of the city is 104.71 square kilometres (40.43 sq mi). In the 1850s, Japan was in political crisis over its increasing inability to maintain its national seclusion policy and the issue of what relations, if any, it should have with foreign powers. For a few years, Shimoda was central to this debate.
Robbie Williams (cricketer)
Robert Edward Morgan Williams (born 19 January 1987) is an English former professional cricketer.

Born at Pembury in Kent, Williams made his first-class debut for Durham University Centre of Cricketing Excellence in three matches during 2007 as a six-foot right-arm medium-fast bowler, before impressing for the Middlesex second XI. He made his List A and County Championship debuts for Middlesex in September 2007. Opening the bowling with Steven Finn versus Essex, he achieved the distinction of taking five wickets in his first innings in county cricket. He dismissed Tom Westley, Tim Phillips, Essex captain Mark Pettini, Graham Napier and centurion Grant Flower. His figures were 28.4-4-112-5.

Williams signed for Leicestershire on a one-year deal at the end of the 2012 domestic season, after being released by Middlesex.

Mark Pettini
Mark Lewis Pettini (born 7 August 1983) is an English former cricketer who played domestically for Essex and Leicestershire. He was a right-handed batsman and very occasional wicket-keeper and right-arm medium-pace bowler.
Ibstock plc
Ibstock plc is a British manufacturer of clay bricks and concrete products headquartered in Ibstock, Leicestershire. The company is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index.

Ibstock
Ibstock is a former coal mining village and civil parish in North West Leicestershire, England. The population of the civil parish was 5,760 at the 2001 census increasing to  6,201 at the 2011 census and 7,615 at the 2021 census.

The village is on the A447 road between Coalville and Hinckley.

The toponym Ibstock could be a derivative of Ibestoche meaning the farmstead or hamlet of Ibba, which is an Old English personal name also found in other toponyms.
Series-parallel partial order
In order-theoretic mathematics, a series-parallel partial order is a partially ordered set built up from smaller series-parallel partial orders by two simple composition operations.

The series-parallel partial orders may be characterized as the N-free finite partial orders; they have order dimension at most two. They include weak orders and the reachability relationship in directed trees and directed series–parallel graphs. The comparability graphs of series-parallel partial orders are cographs.

Series-parallel partial orders have been applied in job shop scheduling, machine learning of event sequencing in time series data, transmission sequencing of multimedia data, and throughput maximization in dataflow programming.

Series-parallel partial orders have also been called multitrees; however, that name is ambiguous: multitrees also refer to partial orders with no four-element diamond suborder and to other structures formed from multiple trees.

Reachability
In graph theory, reachability refers to the ability to get from one vertex to another within a graph. A vertex  can reach a vertex  (and  is reachable from ) if there exists a sequence of adjacent vertices (i.e. a walk) which starts with  and ends with .

In an undirected graph, reachability between all pairs of vertices can be determined by identifying the connected components of the graph. Any pair of vertices in such a graph can reach each other if and only if they belong to the same connected component; therefore, in such a graph, reachability is symmetric ( reaches  iff  reaches ). The connected components of an undirected graph can be identified in linear time. The remainder of this article focuses on the more difficult problem of determining pairwise reachability in a directed graph (which, incidentally, need not be symmetric).
The Adventurous Wedding
The Adventurous Wedding (German: Die abenteuerliche Hochzeit) is a 1925 German silent film directed by Franz Seitz and starring Hans Unterkircher, Maria Mindzenty and Alice Hechy.

The film's art direction was by Ludwig Reiber and Otto Völckers. It was shot at the Emelka Studios in Munich.

Hans Unterkircher
Hans Unterkircher (22 August 1894 – 27 May 1971) was an Austrian stage,film actor and film director. He appeared in more than 60 films between 1916 and 1971. He was born in Graz, Austria and died in Vienna, Austria.
Anchipteraspididae
Anchipteraspididae is an extinct family of heterostracan vertebrates restricted to Late Silurian and Early Devonian strata of Arctic Canada.

Anchipteraspidids superficially resemble the ancestral cyathaspidids, but, the articulation and growth patterns of the plates clearly define them as pteraspidids.

Cyathaspidiformes
Cyathaspidiformes is an extinct order of heterostracan vertebrates known from extensive fossil remains primarily from Silurian to Early Devonian strata of Europe, and North America, and from Early Devonian marine strata of Siberia.
Lukas Uleckas
Lukas Uleckas (born 6 August 1999) is a Lithuanian professional basketball player for Juventus Utena of the Lithuanian Basketball League (LKL). Uleckas has competed with the Lithuanian junior national teams on multiple occasions.

BC Juventus
BC Juventus (Lithuanian: Krepšinio klubas Juventus), commonly known as Juventus Utena is a Lithuanian professional basketball club based in Utena, Lithuania. Founded in 1999, the club currently plays in the Lithuanian Basketball League.
Aaron Hardie
Aaron Mark Hardie (born 7 January 1999) is an Australian international cricketer who has represented the Australia national cricket team in ODI and T20I cricket. A right-handed all-rounder who bowls right-arm medium-fast, domestically he plays for Western Australia at the state level, and the Perth Scorchers in the Big Bash League.

Western Australia cricket team
The Western Australian men's cricket team, formerly nicknamed the Western Warriors, represent the Australian state of Western Australia in Australian domestic cricket. The team is selected and supported by the Western Australian Cricket Association (WACA), and plays its home games at the WACA Ground and Perth Stadium in Perth.

The team mainly plays matches against other Australian states in the first-class Sheffield Shield competition and the 50 over One-Day Cup, but occasionally plays matches against touring international sides. Western Australia previously also fielded sides at Twenty20 level, but was replaced by the Perth Scorchers for the inaugural 2011–12 season of the Big Bash League. Western Australia's current captains are Sam Whiteman in the Sheffield Shield and Ashton Turner in the One-Day Cup, and the current coach is Adam Voges.
2014 DX110
2014 DX110 is a sub-kilometer asteroid, classified as near-Earth object of the Apollo group, approximately 30 meters in diameter. It passed less than 1 lunar distance from Earth on 5 March 2014. With an absolute magnitude of 25.7, this asteroid is potentially the largest asteroid to come inside the orbit of the Moon since 2013 PJ10 on 4 August 2013. The close approach was webcast live by Slooh and Virtual Telescope.

2013 PJ10
2013 PJ10 is a near-Earth asteroid that was discovered on 4 August 2013 in Observatorio Astronómico de La Sagra, with an estimated diameter of about 50 meters. At 02.18 GMT, 4 August 2013, this asteroid flew at a minimum distance from the Earth (371.4 thousand kilometers), accounting for 0.96 average radius of the lunar orbit, but until 2180 it will not approach the Earth closer than 3.2 million miles.
The Nut Farm
The Nut Farm is a 1935 American film directed by Melville W. Brown, adapted from the John Charles Brownell Broadway play of the same name, which ran for 40 performances from 14 Oct.-Nov. 1929 at the Biltmore Theater (now the Samuel J. Friedman Theatre). Wallace Ford is the titled star and the only cast-member common to the play and film. According to the New York Times film review, other than Ford, "There is not much else for it to boast about." The play's original, copyrighted title was It's the Climate (1928).

Wallace Ford
Wallace Ford (born Samuel Grundy Jones; 12 February 1898 – 11 June 1966) was an English–American vaudevillian, stage performer and screen actor. Usually playing wise-cracking characters, he combined a tough but friendly-faced demeanor with a small but powerful, stocky physique.
2012–13 Ross County F.C. season
The 2012–13 season was Ross County's first season in the Scottish Premier League, having been promoted as champions of the Scottish First Division at the end of 2011–12 season. They also competed in the League Cup and the Scottish Cup.

2012–13 Scottish Cup
The 2012–13 Scottish Cup was the 128th season of Scotland's most prestigious football knockout competition. The tournament began on 4 August 2012 and ended on 26 May 2013. It was sponsored by bookmaker William Hill in the second season of a three-year partnership and is known as the William Hill Scottish Cup. The winner of the competition qualified for the third qualifying round of the 2013–14 UEFA Europa League. The holders Hearts were knocked out by their Edinburgh rivals Hibernian in the fourth round, in a repeat of the previous season's final.
USS Hurst (DE-250)
USS Hurst (DE-250) was an Edsall-class destroyer escort in service with the United States Navy from 1943 to 1946. The ship served in both the Atlantic and the Pacific and was decommissioned in May 1946 and placed in reserve for the next 27 years.

In October 1973, the former Hurst was acquired by the Mexican Navy and renamed ARM Comodoro Manuel Azueta (A-06) but was renamed ARM Comodoro Manuel Azueta Perillos in 1994. When she reverted to her original Mexican name in 2001, she was assigned pennant number D-111 and reclassified as destroyer. As of 2014, Comodoro Manuel Azueta remained in active service as a training vessel for Mexico's Gulf Fleet. She was decommissioned in 2015 and sunk as an artificial reef in November 2017.

Pennant number
In the Royal Navy and other navies of Europe and the Commonwealth of Nations, ships are identified by pennant number (an internationalisation of pendant number, which it was called before 1948). Historically, naval ships flew a flag that identified a flotilla or type of vessel. For example, the Royal Navy used a red burgee for torpedo boats and a pennant with an H for torpedo boat destroyers. Adding a number to the type-identifying flag uniquely identified each ship.

In the current system, a letter prefix, called a flag superior, identifies the type of ship, and numerical suffix, called a flag inferior, uniquely identifies an individual ship. Not all pennant numbers have a flag superior.
Three for a Robbery
Three for a Robbery (German: Zwischenlandung Düsseldorf, Italian: Tre per una rapina) is a 1964 crime drama film directed by Gianni Bongioanni and starring Christian Doermer, Werner Peters and Barbara Steele. It was a co-production between Italy, Spain and West Germany. The film's sets were designed by the art director Karl Adams.

Christian Doermer
Christian Doermer (5 July 1935 – 14 July 2022) was a German actor and director. He appeared in more than 80 films and television shows from 1954 to 2022. He starred in the 1966 film No Shooting Time for Foxes. The film was entered into the 16th Berlin International Film Festival, where it won the Silver Bear Extraordinary Jury Prize. In 1969, Doermer appeared as a German soldier attending the Christmas truce in Sir Richard Attenborough's satirical World War I musical film Oh! What a Lovely War.

Doermer himself has also directed a fair number of films including documentaries and television films. In 1962, he was one of the 26 authors of the famous Oberhausen Manifesto, demanding a change in German film.
SCN2A-related disorders
SCN2A-related disorders are a group of rare neurodevelopmental disorders caused by pathogenic variants in the SCN2A gene, which encodes a subunit of the voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.2. Mutations in the SCN2A gene can cause a broad spectrum of disorders collectively referred to as SCN2A-related disorders. These include cases of autism, self-limited epilepsy, early infantile developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, later onset developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, infantile spasms, SCN2A-related disorders without epilepsy, episodic ataxia, and further movement disorders.

Movement disorder
Movement disorders are clinical syndromes with either an excess of movement or a paucity of voluntary and involuntary movements, unrelated to weakness or spasticity. Movement disorders present with extrapyramidal symptoms and are caused by basal ganglia disease. Movement disorders are conventionally divided into two major categories- hyperkinetic and hypokinetic.

Hyperkinetic movement disorders refer to dyskinesia, or excessive, often repetitive, involuntary movements that intrude upon the normal flow of motor activity.

Hypokinetic movement disorders fall into one of four subcategories: akinesia (lack of movement), hypokinesia (reduced amplitude of movements), bradykinesia (slow movement), and rigidity. In primary movement disorders, the abnormal movement is the primary manifestation of the disorder. In secondary movement disorders, the abnormal movement is a manifestation of another systemic or neurological disorder. Treatment depends upon the underlying disorder.
Inside (White Heart album)
Inside is the tenth album by the Christian rock band White Heart and the band's only album with John Thorn on bass guitar and also the final album for both lead guitarist Brian Wooten and drummer Jon Knox. The band stylized its name as Whiteheart for this album. It is the first of two albums released on Curb Records. The album was produced by Ken Scott, whose producing and engineering credits include the Beatles,
Elton John, Supertramp and David Bowie. Whiteheart's sound was scaled back from the arena rock from their previous releases to a more modern rock sound. Music videos were made for "Even the Hardest Heart" and "Inside".

Jon Knox
Jon Knox is an American session drummer who has been a member of the bands White Heart, Adam Again, Future User, Full on the Mouth, and was the drummer for The Union of Sinners and Saints. He is also a producer, beatmaker and composer.

Knox has since struggled to stay afloat in the industry, with reports of being unhoused after the pandemic.
Igors Šiškins
Igors Šiškins (born 9 June 1959 in Rēzekne) is a Latvian ultranationalist activist and politician. During the 1990s, Šiškins was a member of the Latvian ultranationalist organization Pērkonkrusts, where he was one of the members convicted for their involvement in bombing the Monument to the Liberators of Soviet Latvia and Riga from the German Fascist Invaders in June 1997.

Latvians
Latvians (Latvian: latvieši) are a Baltic ethnic group and nation native to Latvia and the immediate geographical region, the Baltics. They are occasionally also referred to as Letts, especially in older bibliography. Latvians share a common Latvian language, culture, history and ancestry.
Black Lake Bayou
Black Lake Bayou is a 105-mile-long (169 km) waterway in northwest Louisiana, United States, that extends from north of Gibsland and travels south to Clarence. The watershed covers much of northwest Louisiana. The bayou meanders its way through Claiborne, Webster, Bienville, Red River and Natchitoches parishes. Black Lake Bayou empties into Black Lake, which drains to Saline Bayou, a tributary of the Red River.

Black Lake Bayou runs near the towns of Minden, Dubberly, Fryeburg, Gibsland, Mount Lebanon, Jamestown, Castor, Martin, and Ashland. Kepler Lake is also a part of the Black Lake Bayou watershed. Black Lake Bayou runs underneath Louisiana Highways 154, 156, 531, 792, 4, 507, and 155.

Gibsland, Louisiana
Gibsland is a town in Bienville Parish in northern Louisiana, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 773. The town is best known for its connecting railroads, as the birthplace of the defunct historically black Coleman College, and for being the place where notorious criminals Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow were ambushed and killed by Texas Rangers on May 23, 1934.

Gibsland native John McConathy was a champion basketball player at Northwestern State University in Natchitoches, Louisiana, who later was the superintendent for the Bossier Parish School Board, in which capacity he was the guiding force behind the establishment of the $57 million Bossier Parish Community College.
Koga, Buner
Koga is an administrative unit, known as Union council of Buner District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

District Buner has 6 Tehsils i.e. Daggar, Chagharzai, Chamla, Khudu Khel, Gagra and Gadezai. Each tehsil comprises certain numbers of union councils. There are 27 union councils in Buner District.

Daggar, Pakistan
Daggar (Pashto: ډاګر, Urdu: ڈگر) or Dagar is the capital of Buner District in the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of  Pakistan. It is located at 34°30′41″N 72°29′02″E﻿ / ﻿34.51139°N 72.48389°E﻿ / 34.51139; 72.48389 and has an average elevation of 688 metres (2260 feet). Daggar is also an administrative unit (Union council) of Buner District.
Murder Construct
Murder Construct is an American extreme metal band from Los Angeles, California, United States. The band members are Travis Ryan (Cattle Decapitation), Leon del Muerte (Nausea LA, ex-Exhumed, ex-D.I.S., ex-Intronaut, ex-Impaled, ex-Phobia), Chris McCarthy (Exhausted Prater, Dreaming Dead), Caleb Schneider (Bad Acid Trip) and Danny Walker (ex-Intronaut, Exhumed, ex-Jesu, ex-Uphill Battle). Previous band members include drummer Jeremy Gregg.

Phobia (band)
Phobia is a grindcore band from Orange County, California formed in 1990. The band has had a revolving lineup throughout its career. The band has toured with acts such as Exhumed, Cattle Decapitation, Deicide, Neurosis, Eyehategod, Impaled, Municipal Waste, Negative Approach, Lack Of Interest and Despise You.
In the Name of the Father (2006 film)
In the Name of the Father (Persian: به نام پدر, romanized: Be Name Pedar) is a 2006 film by the Iranian director Ebrahim Hatamikia. Hatamikia also wrote the script for the film, which was lensed by Hassan Karimi. Parviz Parastui, Mahtab Nasirpour, Golshifteh Farahani starred in the principal roles.

The film won the Crystal Simorgh for best film at the Fajr Film Festival. Parastui and Nasirpour also won the best actor and best actress awards, respectively.

Parviz Parastui
Parviz Parastui (Persian: پرویز پرستویی; born 24 June 1955) is an Iranian actor. He has received various accolades, including four Crystal Simorgh for Best Actor–making him the only actor to have four wins in that category–four Hafez Awards, two Iran Cinema Celebration Awards and an Iran's Film Critics and Writers Association Awards.
Välkommen till förorten
Välkommen till förorten (Welcome to the suburbs) is the debut album by Swedish hip hop group The Latin Kings. It proved to be very successful in Sweden and influenced many future Swedish hip hop acts. Välkommen till förorten stayed at the Swedish Top 60 chart for 20 weeks and peaked at the 9th spot. The album also spawned the charting singles "Snubben", "De e dej jag vill ha" and "Kompisar från förr". The Latin Kings re-released the album in Spanish as Bienvenido a mi barrio in 1995 under the name Los Reyes Latinos.

Swedish hip-hop
Swedish hip hop originated in the cities of Stockholm and Malmö in the first half of the 1980s.  Early on, most rappers in Sweden performed in English. Funkalics and The Latin Kings, two very different acts united by their innovative use of the Swedish language, debuted a decade later and paved the way for a second, and bigger, breakthrough for Swedish hip hop. Today, some of the most popular rappers use Swedish, often in different accents.