hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arthur Girling
Arthur Girling (1807 – June 1849) was an English first-class cricketer and umpire.

Girling was born at Burton upon Trent in 1807. He made his debut in first-class cricket for the North against the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) at Lord's in 1841, with Girling also featuring in the return fixture at Burton-on-Trent. He next played first-class cricket in 1845, when he appeared for Manchester against Yorkshire at Manchester. He played first-class cricket for Manchester until 1848, making six appearances. Playing as a bowler for Manchester, he took a total of 34 wickets at an average of 11.05, with best figures of 6 for 32. These figures came against Sheffield in 1848, a match in which he took two five-wicket hauls. He also stood as an umpire in two first-class matches in 1840 and 1841. Girling died at Manchester in June 1849.

Umpire (cricket)
In cricket, an umpire (from the Old French nompere meaning not a peer, that is, not a  member of one of the teams, impartial) is a person who has the authority to make decisions about events on the cricket field according to the Laws of Cricket. Besides making decisions about legality of delivery, appeals for wickets and general conduct of the game in a legal manner, the umpire also keeps a record of the deliveries and announces the completion of an over.

The umpires in cricket are not to be confused with the referee who usually presides only over international matches and makes no decisions affecting the outcome of the game.
Bank van Lening
A Bank van Lening is a Dutch term for an early type of bank that functioned similarly to a Mount of Piety (Dutch: Berg van Barmhartigheid). It was usually called the "lommerd".

Examples were:

Stadsbank van Lening, Amsterdam

Bank van Lening, Haarlem

Stadsleenbank Delft

Mount of piety
A mount of piety is an institutional pawnbroker run as a charity in Europe from Renaissance times until today. Similar institutions were established in the colonies of Catholic countries; the Mexican Nacional Monte de Piedad is still in operation.

The institutions called monte di pietà originated in 15th-century Italy, where these institutions gave poor people access to loans with reasonable interest rates. It used funds from charitable donors as capital, and made loans to the poor so they could avoid going to exploitative lenders. Borrowers offered valuables as collateral, making the mount of piety more like a pawn shop than a bank.
Acharnes railway station
Acharnes railway station (Greek: Σιδηροδρομικός σταθμός Αχαρνών, romanized: Sidirodromikós stathmós Acharnón)  is a station on the Piraeus–Platy railway line in the northern part of the Athens urban area, in the municipality of Acharnes, Greece. It was inaugurated on 8 March 1904. It is owned by OSE, however, services are provided by Hellenic Train through the Athens Suburban Railway from Athens to Chalcis. Acharnes station was originally known as Menidi, the vernacular name of Acharnes.

Athens Suburban Railway
The Athens Suburban Railway (Greek: Προαστιακός Αθηνών, romanized: Proastiakós Athínon), officially the Athens Suburban and Regional Railway, is a commuter rail service that connects the city of Athens and its metropolitan area with other places in Attica, Boeotia, Corinthia and the city of Chalcis in Euboea.

The first section of the Suburban Railway, linking the main Athens railway station  with the Athens International Airport, opened on 30 July 2004 – two weeks before the start of the 2004 Summer Olympics in the Greek capital. From 2005 to 2018, the network was gradually electrified and expanded to serve Piraeus to the south, Corinth and Kiato to the west, and Chalcis to the north. The Athens Suburban Railway is currently operated by Hellenic Train (formerly TrainOSE).
Emanuel Kiriakou
Emanuel Steve "Eman" Kiriakou (born August 16, 1966) is an American songwriter, producer, record executive, music publisher and multi-instrumentalist, based in Los Angeles. He recently co-wrote and produced "Take You Dancing" by Jason Derulo, and has produced a number of Billboard Hot 100 charting singles including: "What's Left of Me" by Nick Lachey, "Crush" by David Archuleta, "Who Says" by Selena Gomez & the Scene, and "Tonight Tonight" by Hot Chelle Rae, which was #1 on the Billboard Hot AC charts, "It Girl" by Jason Derulo, as well as "Classic" and "American Dream" by MKTO. He has also collaborated with Celine Dion, Ne-Yo, MKTO, Demi Lovato, Selena Gomez, ZAYN, Gabby Barrett, Rachel Platten, David Foster, Madison Beer, Robert DeLong, Whitney Houston, Simple Plan, and Backstreet Boys.

What's Left of Me (song)
"What's Left of Me" is a song co-written and recorded by American singer Nick Lachey. It was released on February 21, 2006, as the lead single from his second album, What's Left of Me. To date, it is Lachey's most successful single as a solo artist, reaching number 6 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.

The song has also been recorded by Leandro Lopes, winner of the first season of Brazilian reality television show Ídolos, and was released as Lopes's first single.
Bjørn, Dønna
Bjørn is a village in Dønna Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The village is located on the east coast of the island of Dønna, about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) northeast of the village of Hestad. The village has a regular ferry connection to the nearby island of Lokta and to the mainland town of Sandnessjøen. The village is the junction of the Norwegian County Road 828 and Norwegian County Road 809.

Hestad, Dønna
Hestad is a village in Dønna Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The village is located on the southern part of the island of Dønna, about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) northwest of the mainland town of Sandnessjøen. Hæstad Church is located in the village. Norwegian County Road 828 runs through the village along the coast of the island.
Ryōji Minagawa
Ryōji Minagawa (皆川 亮二, Minagawa Ryōji; born July 5, 1964) is a Japanese manga artist born in Sumida, Tokyo.

He was invited with Spriggan story writer Hiroshi Takashige to go to a comic convention in Portugal in 1996 as a guest of honor due to his work on Spriggan. He worked on other manga comics before he went on to create Project ARMS with fellow manga artist, Kyoichi Nanatsuki. His first name is sometimes transliterated as Ryouji.

Sumida, Tokyo
Sumida (墨田区, Sumida-ku) is a special ward in the Tokyo Metropolis in Japan. The English translation of its Japanese self-designation is Sumida City.

As of 1 April 2025, the ward has an estimated population of 287,766 and a population density of 20,120 persons per km2. Its total area is 13.77 km2.

Sumida's city office is located in Azumabashi, while its commercial center is the area around Kinshicho Station in the south.
USS David W. Taylor
USS David W. Taylor (DD-551) was a Fletcher-class destroyer of the United States Navy, named for Rear Admiral David W. Taylor (1864–1940).

She was launched 4 July 1942 by Gulf Shipbuilding Corporation, Chickasaw, Ala., sponsored by Mrs. Imogene Taylor Powell, daughter of namesake Rear Admiral David Taylor; and commissioned 18 September 1943.

Gulf Shipbuilding Corporation
Gulf Shipbuilding Corporation is a former shipbuilding corporation in Chickasaw, Alabama a few miles upstream of the Port of Mobile. Following the company's closure, the land became a part of the Chickasaw Shipyard Village Historic District.

30°46′01″N 88°03′32″W﻿ / ﻿30.767°N 88.059°W﻿ / 30.767; -88.059
El Carmen mine
El Carmen is an iron mine in northern Chile about 50 km east of the port of Chañaral. The ore of the mine is one of various iron oxide-apatite (IOA) ores that are part of the north-south Chilean Iron Belt. In the ores extracted at El Carmen was have ore grades of 62 to 63% iron and is usually mixed with iron ores from other mines to dilute its high phosphorus content. Alongside Cerro Imán, Huantemé and El Dorado, El Carmen is considered the basis for the medium-scale iron mining in Chile.

The geology of the mine contain parts of massive magnetite ore as well as ore-rich gravels that are part of alluvial deposits.

Part of the mine is an open-pit and part of it is made of underground workings.

El Dorado mine
El Dorado is an open-pit iron mine near the city of Ovalle in north-central Chile, located 98 km southeast from the port of Coquimbo. A 1946 economic geology study by Carlos Ruiz Fuller and co-workers estimated the ore grade in El Dorado at 68% Fe, one of the highest in the Chilean Iron Belt. The mine had its main period of activity from 1952 to 1966 under the ownership of Compañía Minera Santa Fe but mining continued sporadically until 1971. The opening and successful operation of the mine in the 1950s –producing 45,000 tons of ore per month for much of that decade– is considered to have paved the way for the rise of the medium-scale iron mining in Chile in the 1960s and 1970s.

In the 2020s the mine have been operated and owned by Sociedad de Inversiones Tierra del Fuego Limitada with permits limited to extracting material from old waste rock dumps. In connection to this activity the mining company has been accused to engage in non-authorized mining of fresh ore.
In Command (horse)
In Command (foaled 28 February 1994) is an Irish-bred, British-trained Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. Bred and owned by Maktoum Al Maktoum he was trained in England by Barry Hills. He showed his best form as a two-year-old in 1996 when he was placed in the Acomb Stakes, Champagne Stakes and Middle Park Stakes before recording his biggest success in the Dewhurst Stakes. He failed to win in four subsequent races and was retired from racing in 1998. He had no success as a breeding stallion.

Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum
Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum (Arabic: مكتوم بن راشد آل مكتوم, romanized: Maktūm bin Rāšid Āl Maktūm; 15 August 1943 – 4 January 2006) was an Emirati royal and politician who served as the second vice president, first and third prime minister of the United Arab Emirates, and ruler of Dubai. He was prime minister from 1971 to 1979 and from 1990 to 2006. He served as the ruler of Dubai from 1990 to 2006. He was succeeded after his death by his brother Sheikh Mohammed as Ruler of Dubai.
A Tale of the Secret Saint
A Tale of the Secret Saint (Japanese: 転生した大聖女は、聖女であることをひた隠す, Hepburn: Tensei Shita Daiseijo wa, Seijo de Aru Koto o Hitakakusu) is a Japanese light novel series written by Touya and illustrated by chibi. It initially began serialization on the user-generated novel publishing site Shōsetsuka ni Narō in January 2019. It was later acquired by Earth Star Entertainment who began publishing under their Earth Star Entertainment light novel imprint in June 2019. A manga adaptation illustrated by Mahito Aobe began serialization on Earth Star Entertainment's Comic Earth Star manga website in December 2019. An anime television series adaptation produced by Felix Film is set to premiere in October 2026.

Earth Star Entertainment
Earth Star Entertainment (Japanese: 株式会社アース・スター エンターテイメント, Hepburn: Kabushiki Gaisha Āsu Sutā Entāteimento) is a Japanese publisher previously based in Shibuya, Tokyo. They have moved to the neighbourhood of Kamiōsaki, Shinagawa, Tokyo. Accounted by the equity method of Culture Convenience Club, it was founded on June 5, 2006. In addition to publishing magazines and photobooks, the company also produces and sells home videos and music. It also deals with management of tarento and publishes the monthly manga magazine Comic Earth Star, and releases the manga under the Earth Star Comics line.
Warlords (The Walking Dead)
"Warlords" is the thirteenth episode of the eleventh season of the post-apocalyptic horror television series The Walking Dead. The 166th episode of the series overall, the episode was directed by Loren Yaconelli and written by Jim Barnes & Erik Mountain. "Warlords" premiered on AMC on March 20, 2022.

In the episode, Maggie (Lauren Cohan) and Lydia (Cassady McClincy) join an outside community called Riverbend. They meet Aaron (Ross Marquand), who tells him about a mission he embarked with Gabriel (Seth Gilliam) as emissaries to the Commonwealth. The episode receives positive reviews from critics.

Aaron (The Walking Dead)
Aaron is a fictional character from the comic book series The Walking Dead and television series of the same name. He is portrayed by Ross Marquand in the television series.

In both media, he acts as a recruiter for the Alexandria Safe-Zone located in Washington, D.C., for Rick Grimes and his fellow survivors on the road. Although initially mistrusted by Rick's group, he gradually gains their trust and becomes a respected and resourceful ally to the group. Aaron is the longest surviving Alexandria character and is notable for being the comic book's first openly gay character.
1993 Copa de Oro
The 1993 Copa de Oro was the inaugural Copa de Oro, a football competition for the reigning champions of CONMEBOL's Copa Libertadores, the Supercopa Libertadores, the Copa CONMEBOL, and the Copa Master de Supercopa. It was played from July 7 to July 22.

This tournament was disputed between São Paulo, winners of the 1992 Copa Libertadores, Cruzeiro, winners of the 1992 Supercopa Libertadores, Atlético Mineiro, winners of the 1992 Copa CONMEBOL, and Boca Juniors, winners of the 1992 Copa Master de Supercopa). Boca Juniors won the final 4–1 on points over Atlético Mineiro as Carlos MacAllister scored the only goal of the two-legged final. Sergio Daniel Martínez, top scorer, scored the first goal of the tournament and also became the first person to score a golden goal in a CONMEBOL tournament.

Sergio Martínez (Uruguayan footballer)
Sergio Daniel Martínez Alzuri (born 15 February 1969) is a former Uruguayan professional footballer who played as a striker. He was a two-time top scorer of the Argentine Primera División at Boca Juniors and also played professionally in Spain.
YΔ- and ΔY-transformation
In graph theory, ΔY- and YΔ-transformations (also written delta-wye and wye-delta) are a pair of operations on graphs. A ΔY-transformation replaces a triangle by a vertex of degree three; and conversely, a YΔ-transformation replaces a vertex of degree three by a triangle. The names for the operations derive from the shapes of the involved subgraphs, which look respectively like the letter Y and the Greek capital letter Δ.

A YΔ-transformation may create parallel edges, even if applied to a simple graph. For this reason ΔY- and YΔ-transformations are most naturally considered as operations on multigraphs. On multigraphs both operations preserve the edge count and are exact inverses of each other. In the context of simple graphs it is common to combine a YΔ-transformation with a subsequent normalization step that reduces parallel edges to a single edge. This may no longer preserve the number of edges, nor be exactly reversible via a ΔY-transformation.

Forbidden graph characterization
In graph theory, a branch of mathematics, many important families of graphs can be described by a finite set of individual graphs that do not belong to the family and further exclude all graphs from the family which contain any of these forbidden graphs as (induced) subgraph or minor.

A prototypical example of this phenomenon is Kuratowski's theorem, which states that a graph is planar (can be drawn without crossings in the plane) if and only if it does not contain either of two forbidden graphs, the complete graph K5 and the complete bipartite graph K3,3. For Kuratowski's theorem, the notion of containment is that of graph homeomorphism, in which a subdivision of one graph appears as a subgraph of the other. Thus, every graph either has a planar drawing (in which case it belongs to the family of planar graphs) or it has a subdivision of at least one of these two graphs as a subgraph (in which case it does not belong to the planar graphs).
Drosera murfetii
Drosera murfetii is a species of the carnivorous sundew family, and is endemic to western Tasmania, Australia. Although similar in appearance to its close relative, D. arcturi, this species is distinct in that it tends to possess only one or two carnivorous leaves, the rest being non-carnivorous. Other features that distinguish it from D. arcturi are its larger size and tendency to produce more flowers per scape.

Drosera arcturi
Drosera arcturi is a perennial, insectivorous species of sub-alpine or alpine herb native to Australia and New Zealand. It is one of New Zealand's two alpine species of sundew, the other being Drosera stenopetala. The specific epithet, which translates as "of Arthur" from Latin, is a reference to Mount Arthur, in north-eastern Tasmania, the type locality of the species.
Layal Abboud
Layal Mounir Abboud (Arabic: ليال منير عبود, pronounced [laˈjaːl ʕabˈbuːd] ⓘ; born 15 May 1982) is a Lebanese pop singer, folk music entertainer, sound-lyric poet, concert dancer, fit model and Muslim humanitarian.

Born to a musical family in the Southern Lebanese Tyrian village of Kniseh, Abboud is a former ISF officer and studied English literature at Lebanese University, translation at Beirut Arab University and musical expression at the American University of Science and Technology. She appeared for the first time in the Studio El-Fan series debuts as a South Lebanese competitor from 2001 to 2002. Abboud's musical career flourished with the release of her first album Fi Shouq (في شوق) published in late 2007. Sings in different Arabic dialects, famous for her presentation of Lebanese folklore music and internal summer concerts and tours. Abboud is a singer member in the Syndicate of Professional Artists in Lebanon.

Lebanese University
The Lebanese University (LU; Arabic: الجامعة اللبنانية) is the only state-funded public university in Lebanon. It was established in 1951.

The university's main campus was originally located in Beirut, but a few satellite campuses were opened due to travel restrictions during the Lebanese Civil War. It has three main campuses: Rafic Hariri Campus, Fanar Campus and North Campus. The Roumieh campus, which features a faculty of engineering, is one of the satellite campuses.

The university currently enrolls thousands of students and is organized into 16 faculties. It offers a range of degree programs, include undergraduate, graduate and doctoral levels. The primary language of instruction is Arabic.
Israel the Grammarian
Israel the Grammarian (c. 895 – c. 965) was one of the leading European scholars of the mid-tenth century. In the 930s, he was at the court of King Æthelstan of England (r. 924–39). After Æthelstan's death, Israel successfully sought the patronage of Archbishop Rotbert of Trier and became tutor to Bruno, later the Archbishop of Cologne. In the late 940s Israel is recorded as a bishop, and at the end of his life he was a monk at the Benedictine monastery of Saint-Maximin in Trier.

Israel was an accomplished poet, a disciple of the ninth-century Irish philosopher John Scottus Eriugena and one of the few Western scholars of his time to understand Greek. He wrote theological and grammatical tracts, and commentaries on the works of other philosophers and theologians.

Archbishop of Cologne
The Archbishop of Cologne governs the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cologne in western North Rhine-Westphalia. Historically, the archbishop was ex officio one of the prince-electors of the Holy Roman Empire and ruled the Electorate of Cologne.

Since the early days of the Catholic Church, there have been 94 bishops and archbishops of Cologne. roue of them resigned n response to impeachment. Eight were coadjutor bishops before they took office. Seven were appointed as coadjutors freely by the pope. One moved to the Curia, where he became a cardinal. Additionally, six were chairmen of the German Bishops' Conference.

Cardinal Rainer Woelki has been Archbishop of Cologne since his 2014 transfer from Berlin, where he was also cardinal-archbishop.
Colfax, Saskatchewan
Colfax is an unincorporated community in Wellington Rural Municipality No. 97 in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada. Located on highway 306, approximately 40 km north of the city of Weyburn. The community was founded in 1912, settled primarily by American immigrants from Iowa. The community was named by B.A. Brown, after Colfax, Iowa. The current population of Colfax is 6 people.

Colfax, Iowa
Colfax is a city in Jasper County, Iowa, United States. Colfax is located approximately 24 miles east of Des Moines. The town was founded in 1866, and was named after Schuyler Colfax, vice president under Ulysses S. Grant. The population was 2,255 at the time of the 2020 census. Newton is the county seat; both were named after Revolutionary War soldiers.
Smolensk constituency
The Smolensk constituency (No. 175) is a Russian legislative constituency in Smolensk Oblast. The constituency covers north part of Smolensk and northern Smolensk Oblast, including Vyazma, Safonovo, Gagarin and Yartsevo.

The constituency has been represented since 2016 by United Russia deputy Sergey Neverov, six-term State Duma member, who served as Deputy Chairman of the Duma in 2011–2020 and 2021–2026 as well as United Russia faction chairman in 2017–2021.

Smolensk Oblast
Smolensk Oblast (Russian: Смоленская область, romanized: Smolenskaya oblastʹ), informally also called Smolenshchina (Смоленщина), is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative centre is the city of Smolensk. As of the 2021 Census, its population was 888,421.
Prifoods Stadium
Prifoods Stadium (プライフーズスタジアム) is a football stadium in Hachinohe, Aomori, Japan. It was formerly known as Daihatsu Stadium. Since April 2019 it has been called Prifoods Stadium for the naming rights by Prifoods.

It is one of the home stadium of football club Vanraure Hachinohe.

Vanraure Hachinohe
Vanraure Hachinohe (ヴァンラーレ八戸, Vuanrāre Hachinohe) is a professional football club based in Hachinohe, a city in the southeastern part of Aomori Prefecture in Japan. They are set to play in the J2 League from 2026–27, the Japanese second tier of professional football after promotion from the J3 League in 2025.
A Glass of Water (1923 film)
A Glass of Water (German: Ein Glas Wasser) is a 1923 German silent comedy film directed by Ludwig Berger and starring Mady Christians, Lucie Höflich and Hans Brausewetter. It premiered at the UFA-Palast am Zoo on 1 February 1923. It was based on a play of the same title by Eugène Scribe, set in England during the reign of Queen Anne. The film was very well received both commercially and critically on its release. It is considered one of the milestones of Weimar cinema.

The film's sets were designed by the art director Rudolf Bamberger. It was made at the Babelsberg Studios in Berlin with location shooting in Bayreuth.

Mady Christians
Marguerita Maria Christians (January 19, 1892 – October 28, 1951), known as Mady Christians, was an Austrian-born German-American actress who had a successful acting career in theatre and film in the United States until she was blacklisted during the McCarthy period.
Shoulder impingement syndrome
Shoulder impingement syndrome is a syndrome involving tendonitis (inflammation of tendons) of the rotator cuff muscles as they pass through the subacromial space, the passage beneath the acromion. It is particularly associated with tendonitis of the supraspinatus muscle. This can result in pain, weakness, and loss of movement at the shoulder.

Acromion
In human anatomy, the acromion (from Greek: akros, "highest", ōmos, "shoulder", pl.: acromia) or summit of the shoulder is a bony process on the scapula (shoulder blade). Together with the coracoid process, it extends laterally over the shoulder joint.  The acromion is a continuation of the scapular spine, and hooks over anteriorly.  It articulates with the clavicle (collar bone) to form the acromioclavicular joint.