hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Economic history of Malaysia
Since its formation in 1963, Malaysia's economic performance has been one of Asia's best. Real gross domestic product (GDP) grew by an average of 6.5% per year from 1957 to 2005. Performance peaked in the early 1980s through the mid-1990s, as the economy experienced sustained rapid growth averaging almost 8% annually. Malaysia's economy was greatly impacted by the 1997 Asian financial crisis, but recovered.

High levels of foreign and domestic private investment played a significant role as the economy diversified and modernised. Once heavily dependent on primary products such as rubber and tin, Malaysia today is an upper middle-income country with a multi-sector economy based on services and manufacturing. Malaysia is one of the world's largest exporters of semiconductor components and devices, electrical goods, solar panels, and information and communication technology (ICT) products.

Malaysian New Economic Policy
The New Economic Policy (NEP) (Malay: Dasar Ekonomi Baru (DEB)) was a social re-engineering and affirmative action program formulated by the National Operations Council (NOC) in the aftermath of the 13 May Incident in Malaysia. This policy was adopted in 1971 for a period of 20 years and it was succeeded by the National Development Policy (NDP) in 1991.
Newton Morrell
Newton Morrell is a village and civil parish in the county of North Yorkshire, England. It is  6 miles (9 km) from Darlington and 2 miles (3 km) from Junction 56 on the A1(M) motorway and 7 miles (11 km) north-east of Richmond.

From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the district of Richmondshire, it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.

The village was described in the Domesday Book as belong to Count Alan and in the manor of Gilling. The name of the village derives from a combination of Old English (nīwe tūn) and a family surname of Morrell (from Old French meaning "dark and husky").

At the 2011 Census the population of the civil parish was less than 100. Information regarding this population is included in the parish of Cleasby. The village is very near Barton and Stapleton.

Just to the south of the village is what has been designated as a medieval shrunken village. Earthworks are also present at this site.

Richmond, North Yorkshire
Richmond is a market town and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England. It is located at the point where Swaledale, the upper valley of the River Swale, opens into the Vale of Mowbray. The town's population at the 2011 census was 8,413. The town is 13 miles (21 km) north-west of Northallerton, the county town, and 41 miles (66 km) north-west of York.

In the Domesday Book of 1086 the area was collected under Yorkshire and the town was in the Gilling Wapentake. After the book it became the centre for wapentakes in the Honour of Richmond for the North Riding of Yorkshire. Between 1974 and 2023 the town was the administrative centre of the Richmondshire district of the North Yorkshire non-metropolitan county. Richmond is located near the eastern boundary of the Yorkshire Dales National Park, for which it has become a tourist centre.
Afonso, Prince of Beira
Dom Afonso de Braganza, Prince of Beira (born 25 March 1996), is the eldest son of Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza and Isabel, Duchess of Braganza. Being the heir of the House of Braganza, he bears the courtesy title of Prince of Beira.

Afonso is a claimant to the succession of the defunct throne of Portugal, as second in line in the Miguelist branch of the House of Braganza, after his father Duarte Pio.

Braga Cathedral
The Cathedral of Braga (Portuguese: Sé de Braga) is a Roman Catholic church in the northern city of Braga, Portugal. Due to its long history and artistic significance, it is also one of the most important buildings in the country. It is the seat of the Archdiocese of Braga and of the Primate Archbishop of Portugal and Spain.

The cathedral has been classified as National Monument since 1910.
Inside–outside–beginning (tagging)
The IOB format (or BIO format) is a common tagging format for tagging tokens in a chunking task in computational linguistics, especially in named-entity recognition (NER). IOB stands for "inside, outside, beginning". It was proposed in 1995.

Computational linguistics
Computational linguistics is an interdisciplinary field concerned with the computational modelling of natural language, as well as the study of appropriate computational approaches to linguistic questions. In general, computational linguistics draws upon linguistics, computer science, artificial intelligence, mathematics, logic, philosophy, cognitive science, cognitive psychology, psycholinguistics, anthropology and neuroscience, among others. Computational linguistics is closely related to mathematical linguistics.
Ford Mustang (first generation)
The first-generation Ford Mustang was manufactured by Ford from March 1964 until 1973. The introduction of the Mustang created a new class of automobiles known as pony cars. The Mustang's styling, with its long hood and short deck, proved wildly popular and inspired a host of competition.

It was introduced on April 17, 1964, as a hardtop and convertible, with the fastback version following in August 1964. Upon introduction, the Mustang, sharing its platform with the Falcon, was slotted into the compact car segment.

The first-generation Mustangs grew in overall dimensions and engine power with each revision. The 1971 model featured a drastic redesign. After an initial surge, sales steadily declined, and Ford began working on a new generation Mustang. With the onset of the 1973 oil crisis, Ford was prepared, having already designed the smaller Mustang II for the 1974 model year. This new car shared no components with preceding models.

Straight-six engine
A straight-six engine (also referred to as an inline-six engine; abbreviated I6 or L6) is a piston engine with six cylinders arranged in a straight line along the crankshaft. A straight-six engine has perfect primary and secondary engine balance, resulting in fewer vibrations than other designs of six or fewer cylinders.

Until the mid-20th century, the straight-six layout was the most common design for engines with six cylinders. However, V6 engines gradually became more common in the 1970s and by the 2000s, V6 engines had replaced straight-six engines in most light automotive applications.

Due to their high and smooth torque, simplicity and reliability, weight and space, and balanced power delivery, straight-six engines are a common power source for trucks and buses.
Motion Picture Patents Company
The Motion Picture Patents Company (MPPC, also known as the Edison Trust), founded in December 1908 and effectively terminated in 1915 after it lost a federal antitrust suit, was a trust  of all the major American film companies and local foreign-branches (Edison, Biograph, Vitagraph, Essanay, Selig Polyscope, Lubin Manufacturing, Kalem Company, Star Film Paris, American Pathé), the leading film distributor (George Kleine) and the biggest supplier of raw film stock, Eastman Kodak.  The MPPC ended the domination of foreign films on American screens, standardized the manner in which films were distributed and exhibited within the United States, and improved the quality of American motion pictures by internal competition. It also discouraged its members' entry into feature film production, and the use of outside financing, both to its members' eventual detriment.

Essanay Studios
Essanay Studios, officially the Essanay Film Manufacturing Company, was an early American motion picture studio. The studio was founded in 1907 in Chicago by George Kirke Spoor and Gilbert M. Anderson, originally as the Peerless Film Manufacturing Company, then as Essanay (formed by the founders' initials: S and A) on August 10, 1907. Essanay is probably best known today for its series of Charlie Chaplin comedies produced in 1915–1916. In late 1916, it merged distribution with other studios and stopped issuing films in the fall of 1918. According to film historian Steve Massa, Essanay is one of the important early studios, with comedies as a particular strength. Founders Spoor and Anderson were subsequently awarded special Academy Awards for pioneering contributions to film.
Sunshine to Rain
Sunshine to Rain is the eleventh studio album by New Zealand-Australian band, Dragon. The band reformed featuring Mark Williams on vocals. The album was released on 27 June 2006 and is their first since 1995's Incarnations. The album debuted and peaked at number 87 on the ARIA Charts. The album release was followed with a tour.

Incarnations (album)
Incarnations is the tenth studio album by New Zealand-Australian band, Dragon. The album was released in 1995. and is an acoustic album of their previously released material. It was their final studio album for eleven years, their last before their second split in 1997 and their last to feature Marc Hunter before his death in 1998.
2025 French Open – Wheelchair quad doubles
Defending champion Niels Vink and his partner Guy Sasson defeated Ahmet Kaplan and Donald Ramphadi in the final, 6–3, 6–4 to win the quad doubles wheelchair tennis title at the 2025 French Open.

Sam Schröder and Niels Vink were the defending champions, but chose not to defend the title together. Schröder partnered Andy Lapthorne, but lost in the semifinals to Kaplan and Ramphadi.

2025 French Open
The 2025 French Open was a major tennis tournament that was played on outdoor clay courts and  held at the Stade Roland Garros in Paris, France, from 25 May to 8 June 2025, comprising singles, doubles, mixed doubles play, junior and wheelchair tournaments.

Carlos Alcaraz defended his title in men's singles by defeating world No. 1 Jannik Sinner in the final, which lasted five hours and twenty nine minutes, the longest final in the tournament's history. It was his second French Open title and fifth major. Coco Gauff defeated the world No. 1 Aryna Sabalenka in the women's singles to win her first French Open and second major title. Iga Świątek was the three-time defending champion but lost to Sabalenka in the semifinals.

It was the 124th edition of the French Open and the second major tournament of 2025. The main singles draws included 16 qualifiers for men and 16 for women out of 128 players in each draw.
Butler Creek (Nine Partners Creek tributary)
Butler Creek is a tributary of Nine Partners Creek in Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately 12 miles (19 km) long and flows through Jackson Township, Gibson Township, and Harford Township. The watershed of the creek has an area of 20.6 square miles (53 km2). The creek has one named tributary, which is known as Little Butler Creek, and is not designated as an impaired waterbody. The creek's valley is a "beaded valley", at least in its upper reaches, and has thick deposits of till in its valley.

The headwaters of Butler Creek are in a lake known as Butler Lake. A number of bridges have also been constructed over the creek. Wild trout naturally reproduce within it, and forested blocks occur along the creek.

Till
Till, or glacial till, is unsorted glacial sediment.

Till is derived from the erosion and entrainment of material by the moving ice of a glacier. It is deposited some distance down-ice to form terminal, lateral, medial and ground moraines.

Till is classified into primary deposits, laid down directly by glaciers, and secondary deposits, reworked by fluvial transport and other processes.
Hemitragus
Hemitragus is a genus of bovids that currently contains a single living species, the Himalayan tahr. Two extinct species are also known from the Pleistocene.

The Arabian tahr and Nilgiri tahr were once included in Hemitragus but have since been assigned to their own genera.

Nilgiri tahr
The Nilgiri tahr (Nilgiritragus hylocrius) is an ungulate that is endemic to the Nilgiri Hills and the southern portion of the Western and Eastern Ghats in the states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala in southern India. It is the only species in the genus Nilgiritragus and is closely related to the sheep of the genus Ovis.

It is the state animal of Tamil Nadu.
Harqin Banner
Harqin Banner (Mongolian: ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ; Chinese: 喀喇沁旗) is a banner of southeastern Inner Mongolia, China. It is under the administration of Chifeng City, the downtown of which is 40 kilometres (25 mi) to the north-northeast.

Chifeng
Chifeng, also known as Ulankhad in Mongolian, is a prefecture-level city in Southeastern Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. It borders Xilin Gol League to the north and west, Tongliao to the northeast, Chaoyang (Liaoning) to the southeast and Chengde (Hebei) to the south. The city has a total administrative area of 90,275 km2 (34,855 sq mi) and as of the 2020 census, had a population of 4,035,967 inhabitants (4,341,245 in 2010). However, 1,175,391 of those residents lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of the 2 urban districts of Hongshan and Songshan, as Yuanbaoshan is not conurbated yet. However, a large part of Songshan district is still rural and Yuanbaoshan district a de facto separate town 27 kilometers away from the core district of Chifeng. The city was the administrative center of the previous Ju Ud League.
Kamta Prasad (politician)
Kamta Prasad Saxena was an Indian politician from the state of the Madhya Pradesh.
He represented Jatara Vidhan Sabha constituency of Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly by winning General election of 1957.Awadhesh Pratap Singh became the first Chief Minister of the Baghelkhand Division and Kamta Prasad Saxena was appointed as the Chief Minister of the Bundelkhand Division. Later Awadhesh Pratap Singh became the Chief Minister of the entire state of Vindhya Pradesh.

Awadhesh Pratap Singh
Captain Kunwar Awadhesh Pratap Singh (born October 1888, Rampur Baghelan–died 16 June 1967, Kanpur) was an Indian politician and Indian independence activist.

He was a member of the Indian National Congress party in Madhya Pradesh. He was a member of the Indian Constituent Assembly, the Provisional Parliament and the Rajya Sabha between 1952 and 1960. He became the Prime Minister of Rewa State in 1948 and the Chief Minister of Vindhya Pradesh from 1948 to 14 April 1949.

Singh was married to Maharaj Kumari and they had one son and one daughter. His son, Govind Narayan Singh, became the Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh.

He died on 16 June 1967 in Kanpur. The Awadhesh Pratap Singh University in Rewa was named in his honour.
Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award for Best Animated Film
The Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award for Best Animated Film is an award presented by the Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association (DFWFCA) to honor an outstanding animated film. Toy Story is the only franchise with multiple wins, winning for Toy Story (1995), Toy Story 3 (2010) and Toy Story 4 (2019).

Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association
The Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association (DFWFCA) is an organization of over 20 print, radio/TV and internet journalists from Dallas–Fort Worth-based publications. In December of each year, the DFWFCA meets to vote on their Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards for films released in the same calendar year.

In December 2006, the Miami Herald described the association as "one of the most reliable bellwethers of the Academy Award for Best Picture."
WGSU
WGSU (89.3 FM) is a college radio station and broadcasts from Geneseo, New York, United States. The station is located on the campus of the State University of New York at Geneseo. It is managed by the college's Department of Communication and staffed primarily by students.

State University of New York at Geneseo
The State University of New York College at Geneseo (SUNY Geneseo, Geneseo State College or, colloquially, "Geneseo") is a public liberal arts college in Geneseo, New York, United States. It is the state's public honors college and part of the State University of New York (SUNY) system. The college was founded in 1867 as the "Wadsworth Normal and Training School" before it became part of the new State University of New York system as a state liberal arts college in 1948.
CyberConnect2
CyberConnect2 Co., Ltd. (株式会社サイバーコネクトツー, Kabushiki gaisha Saibā Konekuto Tsū) is a Japanese video game developer. They are closely affiliated with Bandai Namco Entertainment (formerly Bandai), being best known for its work with the company on the .hack series, along with a series of fighting games based on the Naruto franchise. They are also known for creating the Little Tail Bronx series (e.g. Tail Concerto, Solatorobo: Red the Hunter and Fuga: Melodies of Steel). In 2016, they expanded their workforce into the international market by opening a studio in Montreal, Canada; however, the studio ceased operations in July 2023 after seven years of service.

Bandai
Bandai Co., Ltd. is a Japanese multinational toy manufacturer and distributor headquartered in Taitō, Tokyo, including many international branches around the world. Since 2005, Bandai is the toy production division of Bandai Namco Holdings, which, in 2017, was the world's second largest toy company measured by total revenue. Between 1981 and 2001, Bandai was a manufacturer of video game consoles.

Bandai was founded by World War II veteran Naoharu Yamashina as Bandai-Ya on July 5, 1950, as the corporate spin-off of a textile wholesaler. The company began as a distributor of metallic toys and rubber swimming rings, before moving to metal cars and aircraft models. It was renamed Bandai Co., Ltd. in 1961 and achieved considerable success with its action figures based on the anime Astro Boy.
1990 Virginia Slims of Los Angeles
The 1990 Virginia Slims of Los Angeles was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Manhattan Country Club in Manhattan Beach, California in the United States that was part of the Tier II category of the 1990 WTA Tour. It was the 17th edition of the tournament and was held from August 13 through August 19, 1990. Second-seeded Monica Seles won the singles title and earned $70,000 first-prize money.

1990 WTA Tour
The 1990 WTA Tour (officially titled 1990 Kraft General Foods World Tour after its sponsor) was the elite professional tennis circuit organized by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for the 1990 tennis season. The 1990 WTA Tour calendar comprised the four Grand Slam tournaments, the WTA Tour Championships and the WTA Tier I, Tier II, Tier III, Tier IV and Tier V events. ITF tournaments were not part of the WTA Tour, although they award points for the WTA World Ranking.
Carex hitchcockiana
Carex hitchcockiana, common name Hitchcock's sedge, is a Carex species that is native to North America. It is listed as endangered in Maryland, as threatened in  New York and Tennessee, and as a species of special concern in Connecticut and Massachusetts.

Carex
Carex is a vast genus of over 2,000 species of grass-like plants in the family Cyperaceae, commonly known as sedges (or seg, in older books). Other members of the family Cyperaceae are also called sedges; however, those of genus Carex may be called true sedges. Carex is the most species-rich genus in the family. The study of Carex is known as caricology.
Goldie's tree cobra
Goldie's tree cobra (Pseudohaje goldii), also known commonly as the African tree cobra and (in error) as Gold's tree cobra, is a species of venomous tree cobra (genus Pseudohaje meaning "false cobra") in the family Elapidae. The species is native to Central and Western Africa. This species is one of the two tree cobras in Africa, the other being the black tree cobra (Pseudohaje nigra). Goldie's tree cobra is one of the most venomous snakes and creatures in Africa.

George Albert Boulenger
George Albert Boulenger FRS (19 October 1858 – 23 November 1937) was a Belgian-British zoologist who described and gave scientific names to over 2,000 new animal species, chiefly fish, reptiles, and amphibians. Boulenger was also an active botanist during the last 30 years of his life, especially in the study of roses.
A.k.a. Cartoon
A.K.A. Cartoon Inc. is a Canadian animation studio located in Vancouver, British Columbia. It was founded on April 1, 1994, by Danny Antonucci. The company's motto is "Dedicated to producing animation for everyone, whether they want it or not!"

A.K.A. Cartoon created and produced The Brothers Grunt and Cartoon Sushi — both for MTV, as well as Cartoon Network's Ed, Edd n Eddy  Since 2015, the studio had been working on several projects, including an animated pilot titled Snotrocket.

The studio's original logo is a man who is based on Danny Antonucci himself being impaled by a giant pencil.

Cartoon Sushi
Cartoon Sushi is an adult-animated showcase program that aired on MTV from 1997 to 1998. It was developed by Eric Calderon and produced by Nick Litwinko, and was the successor to Liquid Television. The title screen opening was illustrated by Ed, Edd n Eddy creator Danny Antonucci. Each episode featured internationally produced cartoons, along with some original material created for the show.
Knottwood, Edmonton
Knottwood is a community comprising three neighbourhoods within the southwest portion of Mill Woods in the City of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Neighbourhoods within the community include Ekota, Menisa and Satoo.

The community is represented by the Knottwood Community League, established in 1977, which maintains a community hall and outdoor rink located on Knottwood Road just south of the Satoo School.

Menisa, Edmonton
Menisa is a neighbourhood in south east Edmonton, Alberta, Canada located in Mill Woods.  In the Cree language, Menisa means "berries".

Menisa is bounded on the south by Anthony Henday Drive, on the north by Mill Woods Road, on the east by 66 Street, and on the west by 80 Street.

Residential development in Menisa began in 1976 and was nearly complete by 1980.  The majority of dwellings in Menisa are single detached houses (83%) with a significant number of row houses (14%).  Approximately seven out of eight dwellings are owner occupied.
Neonatal isoerythrolysis
Neonatal isoerythrolysis (NI), also known as hemolytic icterus or hemolytic anemia, is a disease most commonly seen in kittens and foals, but has also been reported in puppies. It occurs when the mother has antibodies against the blood type of the newborn.

Mononuclear phagocyte system
In immunology, the mononuclear phagocyte system or mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS), also known as the macrophage system, is a part of the immune system that consists of the phagocytic cells located in reticular connective tissue. The cells are primarily monocytes and macrophages, and they accumulate in lymph nodes and the spleen. The Kupffer cells of the liver and tissue histiocytes are also part of the MPS. The mononuclear phagocyte system and the monocyte macrophage system refer to two different entities, often mistakenly understood as one.

"Reticuloendothelial system" is an older term for the mononuclear phagocyte system, but it is used less commonly now, as it is understood that most endothelial cells are not macrophages.

The mononuclear phagocyte system is also a somewhat dated concept trying to combine a broad range of cells, and should be used with caution.
Irajá
Irajá is a neighborhood of middle class and lower middle in the North Zone of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The neighborhood is divided by Brazil Avenue. Today it is a neighborhood of medium size, with a little more than 200,000 inhabitants. It borders the neighborhoods of Brás de Pina, Vila da Penha, Vicente de Carvalho, Vaz Lobo, Turiaçu, Rocha Miranda, Colégio, Coelho Neto, Acari, Pavuna, Parque Colúmbia, Jardim América, Vigário Geral, Parada de Lucas, Cordovil and Vista Alegre. Its human development index, in the year 2000, was 0.798, the 95th best in the city of Rio de Janeiro.

Vila da Penha
Vila da Penha is a predominantly middle class neighborhood located in the region called the "Leopoldina Zone", a historic region in the Northern part of Rio de Janeiro City. The neighborhood is divided between residential and commercial zones, featuring a shopping mall, lots of restaurants, shops, commercial centers, gastronomic streets, bars, bistros, banks, among others. It is also close to the Vicente de Carvalho Metro Station.