hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ise-Kameyama Domain
Ise-Kamayama Domain (伊勢亀山藩, Ise-Kamayama-han) was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, located in Ise Province in what is part of now modern-day Kameyama, Mie. It was centered around Ise-Kameyama Castle. Ise-Kameyama Domain was controlled by fudai daimyō clans throughout most its history.

Matsudaira clan
The Matsudaira clan (松平氏, Matsudaira-shi) was a Japanese samurai clan that descended from the Minamoto clan. It originated in and took its name from Matsudaira village, in Mikawa Province (modern-day Aichi Prefecture).  During the Sengoku period, the chieftain of the main line of the Matsudaira clan, Matsudaira Motoyasu became a powerful regional daimyo under Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi and changed his name to Tokugawa Ieyasu. He subsequently seized power as the first shōgun of the Tokugawa shogunate which ruled Japan during the Edo period until the Meiji Restoration of 1868. Under the Tokugawa shogunate, many cadet branches of the clan retained the Matsudaira surname, and numerous new branches were formed in the decades after Ieyasu. Some of those branches were also of daimyō status.

After the Meiji Restoration and the abolition of the han system, the Tokugawa and Matsudaira clans became part of the new kazoku nobility.
Scotland at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games
Scotland competed at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh, Scotland, from 16 to 25 July 1970.

Scotland named an initial 61 athletes in their team, before four sports including athletics declared their athletes.

Scotland came 4th overall with 6 golds, 8 silver and 11 bronze medals.

Wrestling at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games
Wrestling at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games was the ninth appearance of Wrestling at the Commonwealth Games.

The events took place in one of the three sports halls forming part of the Meadowbank Sports Centre, which was built specifically for the Games, at a cost of £2.8 million. The sport featured contests in ten weight classes.

India topped the wrestling medal by virtue of winning five of the ten gold medals on offer.
Platais 8
Platais 8, also known as the a Carinae cluster or HIP 45080 Cluster is a small and faint open cluster located in the southern constellation Carina. It is estimated to be 440 light years distant based on parallax measurements.

The cluster was first noticed by astronomer Imants Platais in 1998. A 2005 paper suggests that Platais 8 might have formed near the area where the Scorpius-Centaurus association is located.  The SIMBAD database lists the cluster having 28,185 members but the majority of the stars are field stars. In fact, there are only 32 members physically associated with the cluster. The cluster has a combined mass of 546 M☉ and a radius of 37.2 light years. Platais 8 is rather young, with an age of only 60 million years.

Carina (constellation)
Carina (/kəˈraɪnə, kəˈriːnə/ kə-RY-nə, -⁠REE-) is a constellation in the southern sky. Its name is Latin for the keel of a ship, and it was the southern foundation of the larger constellation of Argo Navis (the ship Argo) until it was divided into three pieces, the other two being Puppis (the poop deck), and Vela (the sails of the ship).
Abnormal subgroup
In mathematics, specifically group theory, an abnormal subgroup is a subgroup H of a group G such that for all x in G, x lies in the subgroup generated by H and H x, where H x denotes the conjugate subgroup xHx−1.

Here are some facts relating abnormality to other subgroup properties:

Every abnormal subgroup is a self-normalizing subgroup, as well as a contranormal subgroup.

The only normal subgroup that is also abnormal is the whole group.

Every abnormal subgroup is a weakly abnormal subgroup, and every weakly abnormal subgroup is a self-normalizing subgroup.

Every abnormal subgroup is a pronormal subgroup, and hence a weakly pronormal subgroup, a paranormal subgroup, and a polynormal subgroup.

Polynormal subgroup
In mathematics, in the field of group theory, a subgroup of a group is said to be polynormal if its closure under conjugation by any element of the group can also be achieved via closure by conjugation by some element in the subgroup generated.

In symbols, a subgroup  of a group  is called polynormal if for any  the subgroup  is the same as .

Here are the relationships with other subgroup properties:

Every weakly pronormal subgroup is polynormal.

Every paranormal subgroup is polynormal.
Bechyneia
Bechyneia is a genus of leaf beetles in the subfamily Eumolpinae. It contains only one species, Bechyneia spinosa, which is found in South Africa.

The genus and species were first described by the French entomologist Pierre Jolivet in 1950, and were originally placed in the subfamily Chrysomelinae. However, this placement was later found to be in error, as the genus actually belongs to the Eumolpinae.

The genus is very similar to roughly sculptured species of Euryope; according to unpublished information on the African Eumolpinae website, B. spinosa is likely a synonym of Euryope monstrosa. This synonymy was formalised by Stefano Zoia in 2024. An association with the spilopyrine genus Cheiloxena was suggested by Jolivet in 1950, but this could not be seen by later authors.

Eumolpinae
The Eumolpinae are a subfamily of the leaf beetles, or Chrysomelidae. It is one of the largest subfamilies of leaf beetles, including more than 500 genera and 7000 species. They are oval, and convex in form, and measure up to 10 mm in size. Typical coloration for this subfamily of beetles ranges from bright yellow to dark red. Many species are iridescent or brilliantly metallic blue or green in appearance.
K-1 (Kansas highway)
K-1 is a 13.363-mile-long (21.506 km), north-south state highway in southern Comanche County, Kansas, United States, that connects Oklahoma State Highway 34 (SH‑34), with U.S. Route 160/U.S. Route 183 (US‑160/US‑183).

U.S. Route 160 in Kansas
U.S. Route 160 (US-160) is a part of the U.S. Highway System that runs from US-89 near Tuba City, Arizona east to US-67 and Missouri Route 158 southwest of Poplar Bluff, Missouri. In the state of Kansas, US-160 is a main east–west highway that runs from the Colorado border east to the Missouri border.
V/Line Sprinter
The V/Line Sprinters are diesel railcars which are operated by V/Line on its Seymour line service with some also leased to Metro Trains Melbourne for its Stony Point line commuter service. They were built between 1993 and 1995 by A Goninan & Co in Broadmeadow, New South Wales.

Geelong line
The Geelong line is a regional passenger rail service operated by V/Line in Victoria, Australia. It serves 15 stations towards its terminus in Waurn Ponds, a southern suburb of Geelong, via the Regional Rail Link. It is the most used regional rail service in Victoria, carrying 10.22 million people in the 2023–2024 financial year.

Beyond Waurn Ponds, the service continues as the Warrnambool line to Warrnambool in the state's south-west.
Andrea Trinchieri
Andrea Trinchieri (born August 6, 1968) is an Italian professional basketball coach who was most recently the head coach for Žalgiris Kaunas of the Lithuanian Basketball League (LKL) and the EuroLeague.

2019–20 Radivoj Korać Cup
The 2020 Triglav osiguranje Radivoj Korać Cup was the 18th season of the Serbian men's national basketball cup tournament. The tournament was held in Niš between 13–16 February 2020.

Partizan NIS successfully defended their title, winning third time in a row.
Jingūkyō
Jingūkyō (神宮教) is a sect of Shinto that originated from Ise Grand Shrine, the Ise faith. It was not technically a Sect Shinto group but had characteristics of one. It was founded in 1882, and was reorganized into the Jingū Service Foundation (神宮奉斎会, Jingu-hosai-kai) in 1899.

Ministry of Religion (Japan)
The Ministry of Religion (教部省, Kyōbushō) was a central government organization of the Empire of Japan established under the Daijō-kan system in the early Meiji period for the purpose of national indoctrination through religion control to replace the Department of Divinities. It sought to advance the Proclamation of the Great Doctrine and mobilize the people with both Shinto and Buddhism.

It was abolished in response to arguments for separation of church and state and the Bureau of Shrines and Temples taking over much of its functions.
Worth School
Worth School is a private co-educational  Catholic boarding and day school for pupils from 11 to 18 years of age near Worth, West Sussex, England. Until 2008, Worth was exclusively a boys' school. The school is located within Worth Abbey, a Benedictine monastery, in 500 acres (2.0 km2) of Sussex countryside. It is one of the three Benedictine independent boarding schools in the United Kingdom; the other two being Ampleforth and Downside. For the academic year 2015/16, Worth charged day pupils up to £7,275 per term, making it the 42nd most expensive HMC day school.

Downside Abbey
Downside Abbey was a Benedictine monastery in England and is the senior community of the English Benedictine Congregation. Until 2019, the community had close links with Downside School, for the education of children aged 11 to 18. Both the abbey and the school are at Stratton-on-the-Fosse, between Westfield and Shepton Mallet in Somerset, South West England. In 2020, the community of Downside Abbey consisted of 15 monks. The community left the abbey in 2022, moving first to Devon and then in 2025 to Belmont Abbey, Herefordshire.

The Abbey Church of St Gregory the Great, begun in 1873 and unfinished, is a Grade I listed building; Sir Nikolaus Pevsner described its Gothic Revival style as "a splendid demonstration of the renaissance of Roman Catholicism in England". As of 2025, the monastic buildings on the Downside site are largely vacant.
Aphelonyx
Aphelonyx is a genus of oak gall wasps in the family Cynipidae, comprising three known species:

Aphelonyx cerricola (Giraud, 1859)

Aphelonyx kordestanica Melika, 2010

Aphelonyx persica Melika, Stone, Sadeghi & Pujade-Villar, 2004

Cynipini
Cynipini is a tribe of gall wasps. These insects induce galls in plants of the beech and oak family, Fagaceae. They are known commonly as the oak gall wasps.
It is the largest cynipid tribe, with about 936 to 1000 recognized species, most of which are associated with oaks. The tribe is mainly native to the Holarctic.

Cynipini wasps can act as ecosystem engineers. Their galls can become hosts of inquilines, and the wasps themselves are hosts to parasitoids.

Most of these wasps undergo cyclical parthenogenesis, sometimes reproducing sexually, and sometimes producing young without fertilization.
SEMI font
SEMI Font, also known as SEMI OCR font, is used for marking silicon wafers in the semi-conductor industry.

The SEMI font character set include 26 uppercase letters, 10 numbers, dash and period.
Their shapes and dimensions are specified by SEMI M12/M13 standard, which was approved by Global Traceability Committee and North American Traceability Committee.

When used in "single-density" mode, laser scribers use a dot matrix of 5 dots horizontal and 9 dots vertical, in "double-density" mode, the matrix is 10 dots horizontal and 18 dots vertical.

Font
In metal typesetting, a font is a particular size, weight, and style of a typeface, defined as the set of fonts that share an overall design.
For instance, the typeface Bauer Bodoni (shown in the figure) includes fonts "Roman" (or "regular"), "bold" and "italic"; each of these exists in a variety of sizes.  In traditional printing, fonts were physically created using metal or wood type, with a font for each size.

In the digital description of fonts (computer fonts), the terms font and typeface are often used interchangeably. For example, when used in computers, each style is stored in a separate digital font file. Most are scalable fonts, so all sizes of a style are encompassed in one font.

In both traditional typesetting and digital design, the term font refers to a specific style or version of a typeface.
Šipka
Šipka is a cave located near Štramberk, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic, 440 m above sea level. In 1880, a mandible of a Neanderthal child was found there. The age of the child has been estimated to be between 9 and 10 years.

The archeological work in Šipka was conducted from 1879 to 1893 by Karel Jaroslav Maška. The cave was probably alternatively inhabited by Neandertals and cave bears. The site also yielded Mousterian tools and traces of hearths. This was the first discovery of Neanderthal remains in their cultural context.

Mousterian
The Mousterian (or Mode III) is an archaeological industry of stone tools, associated primarily with the Neanderthals in Europe, and with the earliest anatomically modern humans in North Africa and West Asia. The Mousterian largely defines the latter part of the Middle Paleolithic, the middle of the West Eurasian Old Stone Age. It lasted roughly from 160,000 to 40,000 BP. If its predecessor, known as Levallois or Levallois–Mousterian, is included, the range is extended to include as early as c. 300,000–200,000 BP. The main following period is the Aurignacian (c. 43,000–28,000 BP) of Homo sapiens.
2015 Gloucester City Council election
The 2015 Gloucester City Council election took place on 7 May 2015 to elect members of Gloucester City Council in England. Eleven of the 36 seats on the council were up for election, being a nominal third of the council. This was the last year of Gloucester electing its council by thirds, with elections from 2016 onwards being whole council elections every four years instead. The 2015 election was held on the same day as other local elections. The Conservatives gained two seats, giving them control of the council, which had previously been under no overall control. Paul James, the Conservative leader, continued to serve as leader of the council, but with his party having a majority.

2015 United Kingdom local elections
The 2015 United Kingdom local elections were held on Thursday 7 May 2015, the same day as the general election for the House of Commons.

With the exception of those areas that have had boundary changes, the council seats up for election in England were last contested in the 2011 local elections. To date these are the last local elections to coincide with a general election in the United Kingdom.
Vic Franckiewicz Jr.
Victor John Franckiewicz Jr. (born 1954 or 1955) is an American lawyer and former politician. He studied urban planning at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, receiving Bachelor of Science and MCP degrees. After serving as mayor of Bay St. Louis, Mississippi from 1985 to 1989, he succeeded Gene Taylor in the Mississippi State Senate when Taylor won a special election to the U.S. House of Representatives. Though elected to a full term in 1991, Franckiewicz chose not to run the following year, after a federal court panel mandated new redistricting and elections for the entire state legislature. Franckiewicz graduated from Tulane University Law School in 1993 and pursued a legal career thereafter. He eventually moving to Louisiana with his wife, Cheryl Bencaz, who he married in 1992.

Gene Taylor (Mississippi politician)
Gary Eugene Taylor (born September 17, 1953) is an American politician who was a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1989 to 2011 and previously a member of the Mississippi State Senate from 1983 to 1989. He was defeated for re-election in 2010 by State Representative Steven Palazzo. In 2014, he changed his long-time membership from the Democratic Party, becoming a Republican. The same year, he ran for election against Palazzo to return to the House of Representatives. Securing only 43 percent of the vote, Taylor lost in the primary.

Following his congressional career, Taylor served on the Hancock County Port and Harbor Commission until 2014. He consulted for the defense industry before becoming a director for Overseas Shipholding Group in 2018.
Venezuelan Brazilians
Venezuelan Brazilians are individuals of full, partial, or predominantly Venezuelan ancestry, or a Venezuelan-born person residing in Brazil. Until the early 2010s, the immigration of this group was little expressive compared to the immigration of other South American peoples such as Argentines, Bolivians or Paraguayans. However, the crisis in Venezuela and the subsequent refugee crisis has led to Brazil becoming home to a large number of Venezuelan refugees, most of whom enter the border through the northern state of Roraima. By the beginning of the 2020, more than 200,000 Venezuelans have migrated to the country looking for refuge.

Mass migration from Venezuela has proven challenging for authorities in Roraima, with informal estimates from 2019 suggesting that Venezuelan refugees constitute a fifth of the state's total population.

Bolivians in Brazil
Bolivians in Brazil are individuals of full, partial, or predominantly Bolivian ancestry, or a Bolivian-born person residing in Brazil. Bolivian migration to Brazil began in the 1950s and increased significantly from the 1980s onward, driven by economic instability in Bolivia and labor demand in Brazil's textile industry. In the 21st century, migration flows have continued to grow, with estimates placing the Bolivian population in Brazil at around 350,000, primarily concentrated in São Paulo. Internal migration has led to the formation of Bolivian communities in other regions, such as Belo Horizonte. Bolivians in Brazil often live in multilingual households and face challenges related to documentation, labor exploitation, discrimination, and access to public services.
Nietzsche and Asian Thought
Nietzsche and Asian Thought is an anthology of essays by a variety of contributors on the relationship of the thought of German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche to Asian philosophy; specifically, Indian, Chinese and Japanese philosophy. The book was edited by the philosopher Graham Parkes and was released in 1991 by the University of Chicago Press. The work was written for a Western audience of Nietzsche scholars and comparative philosophers, but features contributions from non-Western thinkers.

The work is split into four sections—Others, India, China and Japan—and each section contains between three and four essays, for a total of 14 articles by 13 different authors. The work was well received by academic reviewers upon its release, and praised as a "must-read" for both Nietzsche scholars and comparative philosophers. In 2004, a special edition of The Journal of Nietzsche Studies was published, aiming to build upon the scholarship in Nietzsche and Asian Thought.

Michel Hulin
Michel Hulin (born 31 January 1936) is a French philosopher, specialised in Indian philosophy. An alumn of the École normale supérieure, he obtained his doctorate in philosophy from the Paris-Sorbonne University in 1977 with a dissertation on the Vedic concept of ahamkara. He was a professor of Indian and comparative philosophy at Paris-Sorbonne from 1981 to 1998. His research has focused on classical Indian philosophy, such as the nondualism in Vedanta, Tantric-inspired texts in Shaivism and the confrontations between European and Asian traditions of thought.
28th Illinois Infantry Regiment
The 28th Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Army of the Tennessee of the Union Army during the American Civil War, commanded by Colonel Amory K. Johnson and later by Lieutenant Colonel Richard Ritter.

Battle of Fort Blakeley
The Battle of Fort Blakeley took place from April 2 to April 9, 1865, in Baldwin County, Alabama, about 6 miles (9.7 km) north of Spanish Fort, Alabama, as part of the Mobile Campaign of the American Civil War. At the time, Blakeley, Alabama, had been the county seat of Baldwin County.

The Battle of Blakeley was the final major battle of the Civil War, with surrender just hours after Grant had accepted the surrender of Lee at Appomattox in the afternoon of April 9, 1865. Mobile, Alabama, was the last major Confederate port to be captured by Union forces, on April 12, 1865. After the assassination of President Lincoln on April 15, 1865, other Confederate surrenders continued into June 1865.
Le Puy-en-Velay
Le Puy-en-Velay (French pronunciation: [lə pɥi ɑ̃ vəlɛ] ⓘ, lit. 'Le Puy in Velay'; Occitan: Lo Puèi de Velai [lu ˈpœj ðə vəˈlaj], before 1988: Le Puy) is the prefecture of the Haute-Loire department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of south-central France.

Located near the river Loire, the city is famous for its cathedral, for a kind of lentil, for its lace-making, as well as for being the origin of the Chemin du Puy, one of the principal origin points of the pilgrimage route of Santiago de Compostela in France. As of 2023, the population of the commune was 18,540.

Adhemar of Le Puy
Adhemar (also known as Adémar, Aimar, or Aelarz) de Monteil (died 1 August 1098) was one of the principal figures of the First Crusade and was bishop of Puy-en-Velay from before 1087. He was the chosen representative of Pope Urban II for the expedition to the Holy Land. Remembered for his martial prowess, he led knights and men into battle and fought beside them, particularly at the Battle of Dorylaeum and Siege of Antioch. Adhemar is said to have carried the Holy Lance in the Crusaders’ desperate breakout at Antioch on 28 June 1098, in which superior Islamic forces under the atabeg Kerbogha were routed, securing the city for the Crusaders. He died in 1098 due to illness.
10 (Sault album)
10 is the twelfth studio album from British R&B musical group Sault, released on 19 April 2025, on the band's own label Forever Living Originals. In line with gospel influences, 10 was released on Easter weekend, which followed the band's previous album Acts of Faith released on Christmas 2024.

The surprise release followed the band excerpts of four new tracks posted on 14 April on the band's Twitter and Instagram accounts.

Jungle (band)
Jungle are a British band formed in 2013 by London-based producers Josh Lloyd-Watson and Tom McFarland. Jungle have released four studio albums: Jungle (2014), which was shortlisted for the Mercury Prize; For Ever (2018); Loving in Stereo (2021); and Volcano (2023). The first two albums were released through XL Recordings while the latter two via their independent label Caiola Records. In 2023, having worked as the main musical contributor on Loving in Stereo and Volcano, and a key performing member of the live group, Lydia Kitto joined as a permanent member.
Bheemunipatnam Assembly constituency
Bheemunipatnam Assembly constituency was a constituency in Visakhapatnam district of Andhra Pradesh that elected representatives to the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly in India. It was one of six assembly segments in Visakhapatnam Lok Sabha constituency.

The constituency was established in 1951, as per the Delimitation Orders (1951) and abolished in 2008, as per the Delimitation Orders (2008).

Visakhapatnam district
Visakhapatnam district  is one of the six districts in the Uttarandhra region of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, headquartered at Visakhapatnam.: 14  It is one of the twenty-six districts in Andhra Pradesh state. The district shares borders with Vizianagaram district in North and South-East and with Anakapalli district in the  south-west and Bay of Bengal in the south respectively.: 15