hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aqueous solution
An aqueous solution is a solution in which the solvent is water. It is mostly shown in chemical equations by appending (aq) to the relevant chemical formula. For example, a solution of table salt, also known as sodium chloride (NaCl), in water would be represented as Na+(aq) + Cl−(aq). The word aqueous (which comes from aqua) means pertaining to, related to, similar to, or dissolved in, water. As water is an excellent solvent and is also naturally abundant, it is a ubiquitous solvent in chemistry. Since water is frequently used as the solvent in experiments, the word solution refers to an aqueous solution, unless the solvent is specified.

A non-aqueous solution is a solution in which the solvent is a liquid, but is not water.

Solvated electron
A solvated electron is a free electron in a solution, in which it behaves like an anion. An electron's being solvated in a solution means it is bound by the solution. The notation for a solvated electron in formulas of chemical reactions is "e−". Often, discussions of solvated electrons focus on their solutions in ammonia, which are stable for days, but solvated electrons also occur in water and many other solvents – in fact, in any solvent that mediates outer-sphere electron transfer. Solvated electrons are frequent objects of study in radiation chemistry. Salts containing solvated electrons are known as electrides.
Field effect (chemistry)
A field effect is the polarization of a molecule through space. The effect is a result of an electric field produced by charge localization in a molecule. This field, which is substituent and conformation dependent, can influence structure and reactivity by manipulating the location of electron density in bonds and/or the overall molecule. The polarization of a molecule through its bonds is a separate phenomenon known as induction. Field effects are relatively weak, and diminish rapidly with distance, but have still been found to alter molecular properties such as acidity.

Chemical polarity
In chemistry, polarity is a separation of electric charge leading to a molecule or its chemical groups having an electric dipole moment, with a negatively charged end and a positively charged end.

Polar molecules must contain one or more polar bonds due to a difference in electronegativity between the bonded atoms. Molecules containing polar bonds have no molecular polarity if the bond dipoles cancel each other out by symmetry.

Polar molecules interact through dipole-dipole intermolecular forces and hydrogen bonds. Polarity underlies a number of physical properties including surface tension, solubility, and melting and boiling points.
Gadhka
Gadhka is a village and formerly the seat of a Rajput taluka and minor princely state, named after the village, in Western Saurashtra, presently in western India's state Gujarat.

The village is one of many in the modern Rajkot Taluka of Rajkot rural legislative constituency, in Morbi district.

Morbi district
Morbi district is in the state of Gujarat, India. It was formed on 15 August 2013, along with several other districts, on the 67th Independence Day of India. Morbi city is the administrative headquarters of the district. The district has five talukas - Morbi, Maliya, Tankara, Wankaner (previously in Rajkot district) and Halvad (previously in Surendranagar district). Morbi city is the administrative headquarters of Morbi district. The town of Morbi is situated on the Machchhu River, 35 km from the sea and 60 km from Rajkot. As per 2011 census data, the city had a  population  of 2,10,451 and average literacy rate of 83.64%.

This district is surrounded by Kutch district to the north, Surendranagar district to the east, Rajkot district to the south and Jamnagar district to the west.
Jean Chabot
Jean Chabot (October 15, 1806 – May 31, 1860) was a lawyer, political figure and judge from Canada East, in the Province of Canada. He supported Louis-Hippolyte LaFontaine's policy of responsible government within the framework of the union of Lower Canada and Upper Canada into the Province of Canada.  Chabot served twice as Chief Commissioner of Public Works with a seat in the Executive Council.

In addition to his government work, Chabot worked hard to represent the interests of his constituents, with a particular emphasis on relieving poverty.  He was one of the founders of the Society of Saint Vincent de Paul in Lower Canada.

Chabot was married but did not have children.  He had a reputation as an alcoholic and at one point had to resign from the Executive Council due to an arrest for public drunkenness.

Chabot left politics in 1856 when he was appointed to the Superior Court of Montreal. He died in office in 1860, age 53.

Society of Saint Vincent de Paul
The Society of Saint Vincent de Paul (SVP or SVdP or SSVP) is an international voluntary organization in the Catholic Church, founded in 1833 for the sanctification of its members by personal service of the poor. Started by Frédéric Ozanam and Emmanuel-Joseph Bailly de Surcy and named after Vincent de Paul, the organization is part of the global Vincentian Family of Catholic organizations.

Innumerable Catholic parishes have established "conferences", most of which affiliate with a diocesan council. Among its varied efforts to offer material help to the poor or needy, the Society also has thrift stores or "op shops" which sell donated goods at a low price and raise money for the poor. There are a great variety of outreach programs sponsored by the local conferences and councils, addressing local needs for social services.
Mirzapur (film)
Mirzapur: The Movie is an upcoming Indian Hindi-language action crime thriller directed by Gurmeet Singh and written by Puneet Krishna. Produced by Ritesh Sidhwani and Farhan Akhtar under Excel Entertainment, the film has an ensemble cast including Pankaj Tripathi, Ali Fazal, Divyenndu, Jitendra Kumar, Ravi Kishan, Abhishek Banerjee, Rasika Dugal, Shweta Tripathi, Shriya Pilgaonkar, Harshita Gaur, Sushant Singh, Mohit Malik, Sheeba Chaddha, Rajesh Tailang, Kulbhushan Kharbanda, Anjum Sharma, Sonal Chauhan, Zaved Khan, Anangsha Biswas. It is based on the streaming television series Mirzapur (2018).

Ravi Kishan
Ravindra Kishan Shukla (born 17 July 1969), popularly known as Ravi Kishan, is an Indian actor, politician, film producer and television personality. He currently serves as Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha from Gorakhpur. He received a Sansad Ratna award in 2025 for his performance in parliamentary duties. His film works are predominantly in Bhojpuri and Hindi cinema, as well as Telugu cinema. He has also appeared in a few Kannada and Tamil films.

In 2006, he participated in Bigg Boss. He ended up as the second runner up. He was also a contestant on Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 5 in 2012.

Kishan won Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor and IIFA Award for Best Supporting Actor for the film Laapataa Ladies.
Jasmin Strachan
Jasmin Strachan–Simpao (born 20 August 1978) is a Filipino taekwondo practitioner, born in Tondo, Manila. She competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. She won a bronze medal in welterweight at the 1998 Asian Taekwondo Championships, and a bronze medal in featherweight at the 2000 Asian Taekwondo Championships.

2000 Asian Taekwondo Championships
The 2000 Asian Taekwondo Championships are the 14th edition of the Asian Taekwondo Championships, and were held in Hong Kong from May 13 to May 16, 2000.

South Korea dominated the competition, winning 13 gold medals.
Trefil
Trefil is a small village in the county borough of Blaenau Gwent, south Wales.  It lies at the top of the Sirhowy Valley, near to Brecon Beacons National Park. It is three miles northwest of Tredegar. With one public house, The Quarrymen’s Arms, serving homemade food and drinks to local visitors.

Blaenau Gwent
Blaenau Gwent (/ˌblaɪnaɪ ˈɡwɛnt/; Welsh: [ˈbləi.nai]) is a county borough in the south-east of Wales. It borders the unitary authority areas of Monmouthshire and Torfaen to the east, Caerphilly to the west and Powys to the north. Its main towns are Abertillery, Brynmawr, Ebbw Vale and Tredegar. Its highest point is Coity Mountain at 1,896 feet (578 m).
Achillides
Achillides, the peacock swallowtails, are a subgenus within the genus Papilio containing 29 species and over 100 subspecies distributed across the Indo-Australian Archipelago from East Russia, the Indian subcontinent and to Australia.

Papilio palinurus
Papilio palinurus, the emerald swallowtail, emerald peacock, or green-banded peacock, is a butterfly of the genus Papilio of the family Papilionidae. It is native to Southeast Asia, but is regularly kept in butterfly houses around the world.
Every Man's Dream
"Every Man's Dream" is the twenty-seventh season premiere of the American animated television series The Simpsons, and the 575th episode of the series overall. The episode was directed by Matthew Nastuk and written by J. Stewart Burns. It aired in the United States on Fox on September 27, 2015.

In the episode, Homer and Marge go through a trial separation. During this time, Homer dates a pharmacist and Marge dates the father of said pharmacist. Adam Driver, Lena Dunham, Laura Ingraham, Jemima Kirke, Zosia Mamet, and Allison Williams guest starred. The episode received negative reviews.

Zosia Mamet
Zosia Mamet (/ˈzɒʃə ˈmæmɪt/ ZOSH-ə MAAM-it; born February 2, 1988) is an American actress. She is known for her breakout role as Shoshanna Shapiro in the HBO series Girls.

Mamet also starred as Annie Mouradian in the HBO Max original series The Flight Attendant and Pampinea in the Netflix series The Decameron.
Changmo
Ku Chang-mo (Korean: 구창모; born May 31, 1994), known mononymously as  Changmo (창모; stylized in all caps), is a South Korean rapper and music producer. He released his debut album M O T O W N on March 18, 2016. In October 2016 he joined Dok2 and The Quiett's sub-label, Ambition Musik.

Dok2
Lee Joon-kyung (Korean: 이준경; born March 28, 1990) better known by his stage name Dok2 (Korean: 도끼, pronounced as Dokki), is a South Korean rapper, record producer and co-founder of now-defunct Illionaire Records.
Sphaeranthus
Sphaeranthus is a genus of Asian, African, and Australian plants in the tribe Inuleae within the family Asteraceae.

Species

formerly included

several species now in other genera: of Athroisma Pterocaulon

Sphaeranthus elongatus - Pterocaulon redolens

Sphaeranthus erectus - Pterocaulon sphacelatum

Sphaeranthus laciniatus - Athroisma laciniatum

Sphaeranthus gracilis - Athroisma gracile

Pterocaulon sphacelatum
Pterocaulon sphacelatum, commonly known as apple bush or fruit-salad plant, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is an upright shrub with mostly pink to purple flowers and is endemic to Australia.
Newington Academy for Girls
The Newington Academy for Girls, also known as Newington College for Girls, was a Quaker school established in 1824 in Stoke Newington, then north of London. In a time when girls' educational opportunities were limited, it offered a wide range of subjects "on a plan in degree differing from any hitherto adopted", according to the prospectus. It was also innovative in commissioning the world's first school bus. One of its founders was William Allen, a scientist and businessman active with the Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade.

School bus
A school bus is any type of bus owned, leased, contracted to, or operated by a school or school district. It is regularly used to transport students to and from school or school-related activities, but not including a charter bus or transit bus. Various configurations of school buses are used worldwide; the most iconic examples are the yellow school buses of the United States which are also found in other parts of the world, including Canada.

In North America, school buses are purpose-built vehicles distinguished from other types of buses by design characteristics mandated by federal and state/provincial regulations. In addition to their distinct paint color (National School Bus Glossy Yellow), school buses are fitted with exterior warning lights (to give them traffic priority) and multiple safety devices.
Lead Upturn 2009: Summer Day & Night Fever
Lead Upturn 2009 ~Summer day & Night Fever~ is the sixth concert DVD released by the Japanese hip-hop group Lead, released a year after their previous concert DVD on December 9, 2009. It charted at #41 on the Oricon charts, remaining on the charts for one week.

While the tour did not have a corresponding album, the songs chosen were ones that were best suited for summer days and nights, with the first half of the concert being compiled of upbeat pop songs and the second half composed to their more dance-styled songs.

Summer
Summer or summertime is the hottest and brightest of the four temperate seasons, occurring after spring and before autumn. At or centred on the summer solstice, daylight hours are the longest and darkness hours are the shortest, with day length decreasing as the season progresses after the solstice. The earliest sunrises and latest sunsets also occur near the date of the solstice. The date of the beginning of summer varies according to definition, climate, tradition, and culture. When it is summer in the Northern Hemisphere, it is winter in the Southern Hemisphere, and vice versa.
Samyang 8mm f/3.5 Fisheye CS II
The Samyang 8mm F3.5 UMC Fish-Eye CS II is a fisheye photographic lens using the stereographic projection and is designed for crop factor APS-C DSLRs.  It is made in South Korea by Samyang Optics and marketed under several brand names besides Samyang, including Bower, Falcon, Polar, Pro-Optic, Rokinon, Vivitar and Walimex Pro (Walser GmbH & Co. KG). There are versions for the Canon EF, Fujifilm X, Nikon F, MFT, Pentax K, Samsung NX, Sony E, Sony α/Minolta A mounts.

The lens uses manual focus only.  For most versions of the lens, the aperture must be set manually. For Nikon there are versions with and without a chip to communicate aperture information with the camera.  Versions with the chip (model AE8M-N) can set the aperture automatically.  The CS II version of the lens has a removable lens hood.

LK Samyang
Samyang Optics is a South Korean manufacturer of camera lenses for several major brands of third-party mounts for still photography and video cameras. The company was founded in 1972 and has about 150 employees. Samyang exports to 58 countries through 39 overseas agents and distributors.

In July 2023, Samyang joined the L-Mount Alliance.

On March 28, 2024, "Samyang Optics" officially changed its name to "LK Samyang Co., Ltd". "LK" stands for "Leading Korea".

Samyang products are also sold under a wide variety of different brand names.  Some examples are Rokinon, Bower, Opteka, Vivitar, Phoenix and Quantaray.
Płonia (river)
The Płonia (German: Plöne) is a river in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland, a right tributary of the Oder river, with a length of 74.3 km and a basin area of 1101 km2. Its source is 1.5 south of Barlinek. The river flows northwest through Miedwie and Płoń lake. The Płonia flows into Dąbie Lake in Dąbie, Szczecin.

The upper portion of the Płonia is comparatively unpolluted, therefore trout can be found there.

Oder
The Oder (/ˈoʊ.dər/ OH-dər; Czech and Polish: Odra) is a river in Central Europe. It is Poland's second-longest river and third-longest within its borders after the Vistula and its largest tributary the Warta. The Oder rises in the Czech Republic and flows 742 kilometres (461 mi) through western Poland, later forming 187 kilometres (116 mi) of the border between Poland and Germany as part of the Oder–Neisse line. The river ultimately flows into the Szczecin Lagoon north of Szczecin and then into three branches (the Dziwna, Świna and Peene) that empty into the Bay of Pomerania of the Baltic Sea.
Peck's Bad Boy (1921 film)
Peck's Bad Boy is a 1921 American silent comedy film directed by Sam Wood and starring Jackie Coogan, Wheeler Oakman, Doris May, Raymond Hatton, James Corrigan, and Lillian Leighton. It is based on the series of books by George W. Peck. The film was released by Associated First National Pictures on April 24, 1921.

James Corrigan
James Corrigan (17 October 1867 – 28 February 1929), was an American actor. He appeared in 16 films between 1920 and 1927.

He was born in Dayton, Ohio, and died in Los Angeles, California.

Married to actress Lillian Elliott, Corrigan was the father of actor Lloyd Corrigan.
Diana Pokie
Diana Marilva Pokie (born 1979) is a Surinamese politician. She was the assembly member from Brokopondo for the Brotherhood and Unity in Politics (BEP) before she was expelled. She returned to the assembly as the Brokopondo member representing the General Liberation and Development Party (ABOP) party. She became the first female vice-chairman of that party in 2019. On 16 July 2020, Pokie became Minister of Land and Forest Management. On 3 August 2021, Pokie was replaced by Dinotha Vorswijk.

General Liberation and Development Party
The General Liberation and Development Party (Dutch: Algemene Bevrijdings- en Ontwikkelingspartij, ABOP) is a political party in Suriname, founded and chaired by ex-rebel leader Ronnie Brunswijk in 1990 after several members of the BEP were expelled. The former Vice President of Suriname, Robert Ameerali, is a member of the ABOP.

As a consequence of having originally split from the BEP, ABOP is similarly more popular among the country's Maroon community, especially in interior areas of the country.

In 2020, General Liberation and Development Party formed a coalition government with new president Chan Santokhi's Progressive Reform Party. Leader Ronnie Brunswijk became new Vice President of Suriname.
Hamster Corporation
Hamster Corporation (株式会社ハムスター, Kabushiki-gaisha Hamusutā) is a Japanese video game publisher, with office located in Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan. It was formed in November 1999 as a spin off of Toshiba-EMI Limited's gaming division.

On the Japanese PlayStation Store, more than 380 titles are distributed under the Arcade Archives brand, and 108 under the ACA Neo Geo brand.

EMI Music Japan
EMI Music Japan Inc. (Japanese: 株式会社EMIミュージック・ジャパン, Hepburn: Kabushiki-gaisha EMI Music Japan), formerly Toshiba EMI (東芝イーエムアイ株式会社, Tōshiba EMI Kabushiki-gaisha), was one of Japan's leading music companies. It became a wholly owned subsidiary of British music company EMI Group Ltd. on June 30, 2007, after Toshiba sold off its previous 45% stake. Its CEO and president was Kazuhiko Koike. When EMI Music Japan was trading as Toshiba-EMI, it was involved with the production of anime. On April 1, 2013, the company became defunct, following its absorption into Universal Music Japan as a sublabel under the name EMI Records Japan.
Pedro Vázquez (politician)
Pedro Rafael Vázquez Rivera (December 16, 1934 – June 23, 2011),  served as Puerto Rico's Secretary of State from 1979 to 1981 under Governor Carlos Romero Barceló, Deputy Mayor of San Juan, Puerto Rico from 1984 to 1988 under Mayor Baltasar Corrada del Rio and Executive Director of the publicly owned Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority  (PREPA) from 1977 to 1979. He was an attorney and engineer.

Baltasar Corrada del Río
Baltasar Corrada del Río (April 10, 1935 – March 11, 2018) was a Puerto Rican politician. He held various high political offices in the island, including President of the Puerto Rico Civil Rights Commission, Resident Commissioner (1977–1985), Mayor of the capital city of San Juan (1985–1989), Puerto Rico's 15th Secretary of State (1993–1995) and Associate Justice of the Supreme Court (1995–2005). He was also the unsuccessful NPP candidate for Governor in the elections of 1988.
Philotas (son of Carsis)
Philotas (Greek: Φιλώτας), son of Carsis, was a Thracian, who may have married the daughter of a Macedonian aristocrat named Philotas.  He was one of the pages basilikoi paides in the service of Alexander the Great, who were induced by Hermolaus and Sostratus to join in the conspiracy against the king's life. He was stoned to death together with the other accomplices.

Sostratus of Macedon
Sostratus (Ancient Greek: Σώστρατος, Sostratos), son of Amyntas, was an aristocratic Macedonian youth who served Alexander the Great.

Sostratus was implicated in the conspiracy of the pages against Alexander.  As a result, he was executed by stoning with his lover Hermolaus.
Capibaras XV
Capibaras XV is a professional rugby union team based in the Argentine Littoral provinces, Argentina. The team was founded in 2025 as the fourth Argentine team to compete in the Super Rugby Americas competition.

Argentine Littoral
The Argentine littoral (Spanish: Litoral argentino) is a region of Argentina formed by the Mesopotamia region (Misiones, Corrientes and Entre Ríos) along with the provinces of Chaco, Formosa and Santa Fe. Before Argentina became independent, present-day Uruguay and Paraguay were also included in the littoral region.

The inhabitants of this region are called litoraleños.
The World's Greatest Athlete
The World's Greatest Athlete is a 1973 American sports comedy film directed by Robert Scheerer and starring John Amos, Roscoe Lee Browne, Tim Conway, Dayle Haddon, and Jan-Michael Vincent. Released by Walt Disney Productions, it is one of the few wide-release Hollywood sports films to look at the world of track and field. In the film, two coaches Sam Archer (Amos) and Milo Jackson (Conway) make use of jungle boy Nanu (Vincent) and have him make history by winning every event at the NCAA Track & Field Championship. The screenplay was by Dee Caruso and Gerald Gardner who also did a novelisation of the film. This film was also one of Billy De Wolfe's final roles before he died the following year.

Sports film
A sports film is a film genre in which any particular sport plays a prominent role in the film's plot or acts as its central theme. It is a production in which a sport or a sports-related topic is prominently featured or is a focus of the plot. Despite this, sport is ultimately rarely the central concern of such films and sport performs primarily an allegorical role. Furthermore, sports fans are not necessarily the target demographic in such movies, but sports fans tend to maintain a high following and esteem for such movies.
Hisar Junction railway station
Hisar Junction railway station (railway code: HSR) is an A-category railway station, under the Bikaner railway division of North Western Railway zone of Indian Railways, located at Hisar city in Hisar district of Haryana state of India. The station consists of 6 platforms, with 6 broad-gauge mostly electrified tracks of Bathinda–Rewari line and Jakhal–Hisar–Sadalpur line, going in 4 directions at an average speed of 120 km/h. Hisar is one of the 400 stations to be redeveloped with international and private partners for modernization on international standards and optimizing the commercial opportunities. In 2024, the station had 60 passenger and good trains, and 8,000 daily passenger traffic, 2 overhead foot bridges, 2 escalators and one elevator.

Delhi–Fazilka line
The Delhi–Fazilka line is a railway line connecting Delhi and Fazilka the latter in the Indian state of Punjab. There is a link to Firozpur Cantonment. The line is under the administrative jurisdiction of Northern Railway. This line was a part of the historic Delhi–Karachi line.
Von Kossa stain
The von Kossa histological stain is used to quantify mineralization in cell culture and histological sections. It is named after the Hungarian physician Julius von Kóssa (a.k.a. Gyula Magyary-Kossa, 1865–1944), who developed it.

Histology
Histology, also known as microscopic anatomy, microanatomy or histoanatomy, is the branch of biology that studies the microscopic anatomy of biological tissues. Histology is the microscopic counterpart to gross anatomy, which looks at larger structures visible without a microscope.

Historically, microscopic anatomy was divided into organology, the study of organs, histology, the study of tissues, and cytology, the study of cells, although modern usage places all of these topics under the field of histology. In medicine, histopathology is the branch of histology that includes the microscopic identification and study of diseased tissue. In the field of paleontology, the term paleohistology refers to the histology of fossil organisms.