hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Loevestein faction
The Loevestein faction (Dutch: Loevesteinse factie) or the Loevesteiners were a Dutch States Party in the second half of the 17th century in the County of Holland, the dominant province of the Dutch Republic. It claimed to be the party of "true freedom" against the stadtholderate of the House of Orange-Nassau, and sought to establish a purely republican form of government in the Northern Netherlands.

Dutch States Party
The Dutch States Party (Dutch: Staatsgezinde partij, lit. 'Pro-States Party') was a republican political faction, and one of the two main factions of the Dutch Republic from the early 1600s to the mid-1700s.: 8–12  They favored the power of the regenten and opposed the Orangist "pro-prince" (prinsgezindheid) faction, who supported the monarchical aspirations of the stadtholders and the House of Orange-Nassau.  The States Party was in the ascendancy during the First Stadtholderless Period (1650–1672) and the Second Stadtholderless Period (1702–1747).

They were supplanted as the leading republican faction by the more democratic Patriots (Patriotten) after the Orangist revolution of 1747.
Red Bloom
Red Bloom (foaled 11 March 2001) is a British Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare. In  a racing career which lasted from July 2003 until October 2006 she ran nineteen times, competing in four different countries and won six times as well as being placed on seven occasions. As a juvenile she graduated from a maiden race victory to record her biggest success in the Group One Fillies' Mile. In the following year she was the beaten favourite for the 1000 Guineas but won the Strensall Stakes. She remained in training for two more seasons, winning the Pipalong Stakes and two editions of the Blandford Stakes. Apart from her wins, she reached the frame in the Coronation Stakes, Pretty Polly Stakes, Nassau Stakes and Prix Jean Romanet. At the end of her racing career she became  broodmare for her owner, the Cheveley Park Stud.

Pretty Polly Stakes
The Pretty Polly Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in Ireland open to thoroughbred fillies and mares aged three years or older. It is run at the Curragh over a distance of 1 mile and 2 furlongs (2,012 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in late June or early July.
Mayo Clinic Health System
Mayo Clinic Health System is a system of community-based medical facilities. It is owned by Mayo Clinic and was founded in 1992. The organization focuses on providing medical care in rural communities in Minnesota, Iowa, and Wisconsin. As of 2022, its facilities include 16 hospitals, 53 multispecialty clinics and one mobile health clinic. The President of Mayo Clinic Health System is Prathibha Varkey (since August 2021).

Mayo Clinic Hospital (Rochester)
The Mayo Clinic Hospital – Rochester is a 2,059-bed teaching hospital located in Rochester, Minnesota. It comprises the Saint Marys Campus with its Mayo Eugenio Litta Children's Hospital, as well as its Methodist Campus, forming an integral part of the Mayo Clinic academic medical center. Mayo Clinic Hospital – Rochester is ranked first on the 2019–20 U.S. News & World Report Best Hospitals Honor Roll. It is also one of the world's largest healthcare-related research centre, with over 12,000 active clinical trials at any given moment in nearly every sector of healthcare.
Mary Ellen Ring
Mary Ellen Ring (born 1955) is an American-Irish judge who has served as a Judge of the High Court since July 2015. She previously served as Chairperson of the Garda Síochána Ombudsman Commission from 2015 and 2021 and a Judge of the Circuit Court from 2012 to 2015.

Fiosrú – the Office of the Police Ombudsman
Fiosrú – Office of the Police Ombudsman is an independent statutory body in Ireland charged with oversight of the Garda Síochána, the national police force. It was established in December 2005 as Garda Síochána Ombudsman Commission (known as GSOC) as a three-member body under the Garda Síochána Act 2005 to deal with complaints from members of the public about the conduct and actions (or lack of actions) of Gardaí. It was reconstituted as a single-person ombudsman in April 2025 under the Policing, Security and Community Safety Act 2024.

Emily Logan was appointed as the Police Ombudsman on 2 April 2025.

GSOC replaced the Garda Síochána Complaints Board. GSOC had more powers than its predecessor and, unlike the Complaints Board, it is not made up of members of the force. The first three commissioners were appointed in February 2006 and the commission commenced hearing complaints in May 2007.
Noma Sio-Faiumu
Noma Sio-Faiumu is an event producer and arts manager of Samoan descent based in Onehunga, New Zealand. She has worked for over 30 years as an arts administrator within the New Zealand arts industry. Her work is cross-cultural and spans a wide social spectrum facilitating multidisciplinary art projects independently and for leading arts organisations. Within arts administration, Sio-Faiumu served as the lead facilitator for the APO (Auckland Philharmonia Orchestra) Remix the Orchestra for a decade. The show received an International Music Council Musical Rights Award from the United Nations in 2013. Within the New Zealand music industry she is a founding member of the Pacific Music Awards (2005). She received a Special Recognition Award at Creative New Zealand's Pasifika Arts Awards for her contributions within the Pacific community (2017).

International Music Council
The International Music Council (IMC) was created in 1949 as UNESCO's advisory body on matters of music. The original request of the foundation of the IMC was under the Director of the UNESCO. It is based at UNESCO's headquarters in Paris, France, where it functions as an independent international non-governmental organization. Its primary aim is to facilitate the development and promotion of international music-making.

The IMC currently consists of some 120 members, divided into four categories (National Music Councils, International Music Organisations, Regional Music Organisations, National and specialized organisations in the field of arts and culture). It is represented by regional councils in Europe, Africa, and the Americas. Their task is to develop and support programmes specifically tailored to the needs of the IMC members and partners in their region.
Siege of Kotor Varoš
The siege of Kotor Varoš took place during the Bosnian War and lasted from 11th to 25th June 1992. The conflict involved the Croatian Defence Council (HVO) and the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina on one side, against the Army of Republika Srpska (VRS), in Kotor Varoš and its villages. Kotor Varoš was surrounded by the VRS and heavy fighting took place throughout the summer of 1992, ending with the fall of the Kotor Varoš and the start of Operation Vrbas '92 to capture Jajce.

Kotor Varoš
Kotor Varoš (Serbian Cyrillic: Котор Варош) is a town and municipality in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. As of 2013 census, the municipality has a population of 19,710 inhabitants, while the town of Kotor Varoš has a population of 7,330 inhabitants.
The Reverse Peephole
"The Reverse Peephole" is the 12th episode of the ninth season(the 168th overall) of the television comedy series Seinfeld. The episode aired on NBC on January 15, 1998. It was written by Spike Feresten and directed by Andy Ackerman. In this episode, Jerry gets rid of his wallet and ultimately replaces it with a European carry-all, Kramer and Newman face possible eviction after they reverse the peepholes on their doors and Newman begins an affair with the super's wife, and Elaine has to recover a friend's fur coat which she mistakenly threw out a window.

Peephole
A modern peephole, peekhole, spyhole, doorhole, magic eye, magic mirror or door viewer is a small, round opening through a door from which a viewer on the inside of a dwelling may "peek" to see directly outside the door. The lenses are made and arranged in such a way that viewing is only possible in one direction. The opening is typically no larger than the diameter of a button (0.7 inches, 18 mm).

In a door, usually for apartments or hotel rooms, a peephole enables one to see outside without opening the door nor revealing one's presence. Glass peepholes are often fitted with a fisheye lens to allow a wider field of view from the inside.
Stigmella cassiniae
Stigmella cassiniae is a moth of the family Nepticulidae. It is endemic to New Zealand and has been observed in the North and South Islands. The larvae are leaf miners of leaves and stems of Ozothamnus leptophyllus. When mature, the larvae pupate amongst leaf litter on the ground. Adult moths have been recorded on the wing in January, February, April, and October. It has been hypothesised that there are likely two generations in a year.

Ozothamnus leptophyllus
Ozothamnus leptophyllus, commonly known as tauhinu or cottonwood, is an endemic shrub of New Zealand. Tauhinu is fast-growing, reaching 2 metres in height and is a common plant of coastal farmland. This species is host to the larvae of the New Zealand endemic moth Homoeosoma anaspila.
Zhong Wanxie
Zhong Wanxie (Chinese: 钟万勰; 24 February 1934 – 12 November 2023), also known as Wan-Xie Zhong, was a Chinese civil engineer and physicist. He was a professor at the Dalian University of Technology who specializes in computational mechanics and engineering mechanics. He pioneered computational mechanics in China and served as the founding Chairman of the Chinese Association for Computational Mechanics and an executive committee member of the International Association for Computational Mechanics. He was elected an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1993.

Computational mechanics
Computational mechanics is the discipline concerned with the use of computational methods to study phenomena governed by the principles of mechanics. Before the emergence of computational science (also called scientific computing) as a "third way" besides theoretical and experimental sciences, computational mechanics was widely considered to be a sub-discipline of applied mechanics. It is now considered to be a sub-discipline within computational science.
Howard Fishman
Howard Fishman is an American author, culture writer, singer, guitarist, bandleader, playwright, and composer from Brooklyn, New York.  
Since 2016, Fishman has been a contributing writer for The New Yorker. His writing has also appeared in The New York Times, Rolling Stone, The Washington Post Magazine, The Boston Globe, Artforum, Vanity Fair, San Francisco Chronicle, MOJO, and No Depression.

Brooklyn Magazine describes his music and discography as "steeped in country, soul, gospel, rock, blues...jazz, Gypsy swing, and American folk." His plays have been presented at the Brooklyn Academy of Music, the Rattlestick Playwrights Theater, and at Henry Street Settlement.

Fishman's first book, To Anyone Who Ever Asks: The Life, Music, and Mystery of Connie Converse, was published by Dutton/Penguin Random House in May, 2023.

Brooklyn Academy of Music
The Brooklyn Academy of Music (BAM) is a multi-arts center in Brooklyn, New York City. It hosts progressive and avant-garde performances, with theater, dance, music, opera, film programming across multiple nearby venues.

BAM was chartered in 1859, presented its first show in 1861, and began operations in its present location in Fort Greene, Brooklyn, in 1908. The Academy is incorporated as a New York State not-for-profit corporation. It has 501(c)(3) status.
Workout (album)
Workout is an album by jazz tenor saxophonist Hank Mobley released on the Blue Note label in 1962. It features performances by Mobley, pianist Wynton Kelly, bassist Paul Chambers, guitarist Grant Green, and drummer Philly Joe Jones. The album was identified by Scott Yanow in his Allmusic essay "Hard Bop" as one of 17 Essential Hard Bop Recordings. In October 2014, it was released in Japan on SHM-CD, featuring a previously unissued take of "Three Coins in the Fountain".

Paul Chambers
Paul Laurence Dunbar Chambers Jr. (April 22, 1935 – January 4, 1969) was an American jazz double bassist. A fixture of rhythm sections during the 1950s and 1960s, he has become one of the most widely-known jazz bassists of the hard bop era. He was also known for his bowed solos. Chambers recorded about a dozen albums as a leader or co-leader, and more than 100 as a sideman, especially as the anchor of trumpeter Miles Davis's "first great quintet" (1955–63) and with pianist Wynton Kelly (1963–68).
St. Peter and St. Paul's Church, Cairo
St. Peter and St. Paul's Church (Arabic: الكنيسة البطرسية, romanized: al-Kanīsa al-Buṭrusiyya), commonly known as El-Botroseya and also known as the Petrine Church, is a small Coptic church located in the vicinity of Saint Mark's Coptic Orthodox Cathedral, the seat of the Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, in Cairo's Abbassia district. It was built in 1911 over Egyptian prime minister Boutros Ghali's tomb.

Saint Mark's Coptic Orthodox Cathedral
Saint Mark's Coptic Orthodox Cathedral (Arabic: كاتدرائية القديس مرقس القبطية الأرثوذكسية) is a Coptic church located in the Abbassia District in Cairo, Egypt. The cathedral is the seat of the Coptic Orthodox Pope. It was built during the time when Pope Cyril VI of Alexandria was Pope, and was consecrated on 25 June 1968.

The church is dedicated to St. Mark the Evangelist, an apostle of Jesus and founder of the Coptic Orthodox Church. Relics of his life are kept inside. It was, until 2019, (after the inauguration of the new Nativity Cathedral) the largest cathedral in Africa and the Middle East.
Plenty, Victoria
Plenty is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 21 km (13 mi) north-east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the Shire of Nillumbik local government area. Plenty recorded a population of 2,575 at the 2021 census.

Plenty is located within Greater Melbourne, beyond the Melbourne metropolitan area Urban Growth Boundary. It is a semi-rural area consisting mostly of large lots, with many being several acres in size. However, increasing urbanisation is evident near the border with the suburb of Greensborough. New housing estates are being established with the population in the area set to increase, however large areas of Plenty are still relatively untouched with development limited due to being in the green wedge.

Greensborough, Victoria
Greensborough is a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 17 km (11 mi) north-east from Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Banyule and Shire of Nillumbik local government areas. Greensborough recorded a population of 21,070 at the 2021 census.
2012 Tour de Singkarak
The 2012 Tour de Singkarak was the 4th edition of the Tour de Singkarak, one of Indonesian official tournament series of Union Cycliste International (UCI). It started on 4 June in Sawahlunto and ended in the Padang on 10 June. Like previous edition, the international cyclists competed in 7 stages over 7 days, which the routes has been surveyed by Amaury Sport Organization which surveyed also Tour de France routes. Covering a distance of 854 kilometres with prize money total to IDR 1 billion. The route across Lake Singkarak on stage 2 and stage 5.

Starting in Sawahlunto and finishing in provincial capital Padang, the race visited 14 regencies and cities in the West Sumatra: Sawahlunto, Payakumbuh, Lima Puluh Kota, Sijunjung, Tanah Datar, Padang Panjang, Pariaman, Agam, Solok, Solok Regency, Pariaman, Pesisir Selatan, and Padang.

Lake Singkarak
Lake Singkarak (Indonesian: Danau Singkarak) is a lake in West Sumatra, Indonesia. It is located between the regencies of Tanah Datar and Solok Regency. It has an area of 107.8 km2, being approximately 21 km long and 7 km wide. The natural outlet for excess water is the Ombilin River which flows eastward to the Strait of Malacca. A hydroelectric project, however, has diverted most of the lake outflow to the Anai River which flows westward into the Indian Ocean near Padang. This Singkarak power station uses this water to generate power for the West Sumatra and Riau provinces. A species of fish called ikan bilih (Mystacoleucus padangensis) is endemic to the lake and is harvested for human consumption. A railway line, which connects Padang and  Sawahlunto-Sijunjung, skirts the length of the lake on the eastern side.
Algebraic graph theory
Algebraic graph theory is a branch of mathematics in which algebraic methods are applied to problems about graphs. This is in contrast to geometric, combinatorial, or algorithmic approaches.  There are three main branches of algebraic graph theory, involving the use of linear algebra, the use of group theory, and the study of graph invariants.

Linear algebra
Linear algebra is the branch of mathematics concerning linear equations such as

linear maps such as

and their representations in vector spaces and through matrices.

Linear algebra is central to almost all areas of mathematics. For instance, linear algebra is fundamental in modern presentations of geometry, including for defining basic objects such as lines, planes and rotations. Also, functional analysis, a branch of mathematical analysis, may be viewed as the application of linear algebra to function spaces.

Linear algebra is also used in most sciences and fields of engineering because it allows modeling many natural phenomena, and computing efficiently with such models. For nonlinear systems, which cannot be modeled with linear algebra, it is often used for dealing with first-order approximations, using the fact that the differential of a multivariate function at a point is the linear map that best approximates the function near that point.
Palmoplantar hyperhidrosis
Palmoplantar hyperhidrosis is excessive sweating localized to the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. It is a form of focal hyperhidrosis in that the excessive sweating is limited to a specific region of the body. As with other types of focal hyperhidrosis (e.g. axillary and craniofacial) the sweating tends to worsen during warm weather.

Focal hyperhidrosis
Focal hyperhidrosis, also known as primary hyperhidrosis, is a disease characterized by an excessive sweating localized in certain body regions (particularly palms, feet and underarms). Studies suggest that this condition, affecting between 1% and 3% of the US population, seems to have a genetic predisposition in about two thirds of those affected.

Focal hyperhidrosis is sometimes referred to as The Silent Handicap, as it has a significant impact on the quality of life, affecting the individual socially, psychologically, emotionally and professionally.
Kritser House
The Kritser House in Independence, Missouri is a building from 1850. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. It is found as significant for being associated with the life of Martin U. Kritser, a person significant to the history and development of the town. It is one of the few middle class residential structures of the American Mid-Victorian frontier architecture period left in Independence.

Independence, Missouri
Independence is a city mostly in and one of two county seats of Jackson County, Missouri, United States. It is a satellite city of Kansas City, Missouri, and is the largest suburb on the Missouri side of the Kansas City metropolitan area. In 2020, it had a total population of 123,011, making it the fifth-most populous city in Missouri. A small part of the city extends into Clay County.

Independence is known as the "Queen City of the Trails" because it was a point of departure for the California, Oregon, and Santa Fe Trails. It is the hometown of U.S. President Harry S. Truman, with the Truman Presidential Library and Museum, and the gravesites of Truman and First Lady Bess Truman. The city is sacred to the Latter Day Saint movement, as the home of Joseph Smith's 1831 Temple Lot, and the headquarters of several Mormon denominations.
RD-191
The RD-191 (Russian: Ракетный Двигатель-191, romanized: Raketnyy Dvigatel-191, lit. 'Rocket Engine 191') is a high-performance single-combustion chamber rocket engine, developed in Russia and sold by Roscosmos. It is derived from the RD-180 dual-combustion chamber engine, which itself was derived in turn from the four-chamber RD-170 originally used in the Energia launcher.

The RD-191 is fueled by a kerosene / LOX mixture and uses an oxygen-rich staged combustion cycle. In the future the engine is expected to become a workhorse in the Russian space sector, as older launch vehicles are phased out of production and service.

RD-170
The RD-170 (Russian: Ракетный Двигатель-170 (РД-170), romanized: Raketnyy Dvigatel-170, lit. 'Rocket Engine-170') is the world's most powerful and heaviest liquid-fuel rocket engine. It was designed and produced in the Soviet Union by NPO Energomash for use with the Energia launch vehicle. The engine burns kerosene fuel and LOX oxidizer in four combustion chambers, all supplied by one single-shaft, single-turbine turbopump rated at 170 MW (230,000 hp) in a staged combustion cycle.
Eom Hyeon-jeong
Eom Hyeon-jeong, also known as Um Hyun-jung, is a South Korean voice actress. She joined the Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation's voice acting division in 1996. It is popular voice acting to MBC's Ojamajo Doremi and Bikkuriman. Currently, Eom Hyeon-jeong is cast in the Korea TV edition of 24 as Sherry Palmer, replacing Penny Johnson Jerald.

Bikkuriman
Bikkuriman (Japanese: ビックリマン; lit. Surprise Man) is a line of wafer snacks produced by Lotte, made notable for the randomly assorted bonus stickers included inside each snack. First released in 1977, Bikkuriman (ビックリマン, lit. "Surprise Man") became wildly popular in Japan with the introduction of the Devil VS Angel Seal (悪魔VS天使シール, Akuma vs Tenshi Shīru) series of stickers, leading to a prolific number of media tie-ins.
Live from Austin, TX (R.E.M. album)
Live from Austin, TX is a 2010 video album by R.E.M. recorded on March 13, 2008, for the television series Austin City Limits. The television broadcast aired on PBS starting March 24, 2008.

The DVD includes three songs not broadcast on the television program—"So. Central Rain (I'm Sorry)", "Fall on Me", and "Imitation of Life"; the live performance also featured "Final Straw", "Walk Unafraid", and an alternate version of "Supernatural Superserious".

Fall on Me (R.E.M. song)
"Fall on Me" is a song by the American alternative rock band R.E.M. from their fourth album Lifes Rich Pageant (1986). It was the first of two singles released from that LP. It peaked at number 94 on the Billboard Hot 100. The song was one of the band's early compositions about environmentalism, discussing acid rain. It also transitioned from their murky lyrics and jangling guitar of their first three albums to a more accessible sound influenced by producer Don Gehman.
Akhumzi Jezile
Akhumzi Jezile (15 January 1989 – 28 April 2018) born in Ngcobo, was a South African actor, television presenter and producer. He is best known for being a presenter on the SABC 1 television show, YOTV and an actor in the SABC 1 drama series Tempy Pushas and as "Ngulube" in Themby Phishers.
In 2014, he won the SAFTA award for Best Supporting Actor in a TV Drama for this role.

He died in a car accident together with Siyasanga Kobese and other two friends, between Maletswai and Komani on his way to Ngcobo to bury his grandmother.

Queenstown, South Africa
Queenstown, officially Komani, is a town in the middle of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa, roughly halfway between the smaller towns of Cathcart and Sterkstroom on the N6 national route. The town was established in 1853 and is currently the commercial, administrative, and educational centre of the surrounding farming district.