hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Philosophy of space and time
The philosophy of space and time is a branch of philosophy concerned with ideas about knowledge and understanding within space and time. Such ideas have been central to philosophy from its inception.

The philosophy of space and time was both an inspiration for and a central aspect of early analytic philosophy. The subject focuses on a number of basic issues, including whether time and space exist independently of the mind, whether they exist independently of one another, what accounts for time's apparently unidirectional flow, whether times other than the present moment exist, and questions about the nature of identity (particularly the nature of identity over time).

Philosophical presentism
Presentism (sometimes 'philosophical presentism') is the view of time which states that only present entities exist (or, equivalently, that everything which is exists presently) and what is present (i.e., what exists) changes as time passes. According to presentism, there are no past or future entities at all, though some entities have existed and other entities will exist. In a sense, the past and the future do not exist for presentists—past events have happened (have existed, or have been present) and future events will happen (will exist, or will be present), but neither exist at all since they do not exist now. Presentism is a view about temporal ontology, i.e., a view about what exists in time, that contrasts with eternalism—the view that past, present and future entities exist (that is, the ontological thesis of the 'block universe')—and with no-futurism—the view that only past and present entities exist (that is, the ontological thesis of the 'growing block universe').
Myqerem Janina
Mykerem or Myqerem bej Janina (Istanbul, 1890 – Tirana, 1989) was an Albanian osmanologist, whose most remarkable work was the translation of the Hicrî 835 tarihli Sûret-i defter-i sancak-i Arvanid (Copy of register for A.H. 835 in Sanjak of Albania), which had been first published at Ankara, in 1954, by Turkish historian, Halil İnalcık. He has also translated into Albanian several works from the Turkish humorist, Aziz Nesin.

Aziz Nesin
Aziz Nesin (pronounced [ˈaziz ˈne.sin]; born Mehmet Nusret,¶ 20 December 1915 – 6 July 1995) was a Turkish writer, humorist and the author of more than 100 books. Born in a time when Turks did not have official surnames, he had to adopt one after the Surname Law of 1934 was passed. Although his family carried the nickname "Topalosmanoğlu", after an ancestor named "Topal Osman", he chose the surname "Nesin". In Turkish, Nesin? means, What are you?.
Adinkra symbols (physics)
In supergravity and supersymmetric representation theory, Adinkra symbols are a graphical representation of supersymmetric algebras. Mathematically they can be described as colored finite connected  simple graphs, that are bipartite and n-regular. Their name is derived from the Adinkra symbols of Ghana, and they were introduced by Michael Faux and Sylvester James Gates in 2004.

Supergravity
In theoretical physics, supergravity (supergravity theory; SUGRA for short) is a modern field theory that combines the principles of supersymmetry and general relativity; this is in contrast to non-gravitational supersymmetric theories such as the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. Supergravity is the gauge theory of local supersymmetry. Since the supersymmetry (SUSY) generators form together with the Poincaré algebra and superalgebra, called the super-Poincaré algebra, supersymmetry as a gauge theory makes gravity arise in a natural way.
Palazzo Lante
Palazzo Lante, also known as either Palazzo Medici Lante or Medici Lante della Rovere, is a Renaissance-style aristocratic palace located on Piazza Dei Caprettari #72, near the church of Sant'Eustachio in the rione named after the church in central Rome, Italy. Presently the palace houses both the offices of the national Institute of Nuclear Physics and the Institute of Culture Pantheon.

Sant'Eustachio (rione of Rome)
Sant'Eustachio (Italian: [santeuˈstaːkjo]) is the 8th rione of Rome, Italy, identified by the initials R. VIII. It is named after the eponymous church and is located within the Municipio I.

Its coat of arms depicts the head of a stag with a cross between the antlers, symbol of Saint Eustace: the figure is golden on a red background.
2026 GT America Series
The 2026 GT America Series is the sixth season of the SRO Motorsports Group's GT America Series, an auto racing series for grand tourer cars. The races are contested with GT2-spec, GT3-spec, GT4-spec, and new for this year, GT Cup-spec cars. The season will begin on March 27 at Sonoma Raceway and will end on October 11 at Indianapolis.

GT America Series
The GT America Series is a sports car racing series based in the United States which runs as a support series to the GT World Challenge America. It is managed by the Stéphane Ratel Organisation and sanctioned by the United States Auto Club.
Ogden Phipps
Ogden Phipps (November 26, 1908 – April 21, 2002) was an American stockbroker, court tennis champion and Hall of Fame member, thoroughbred horse racing executive and owner/breeder, and an art collector and philanthropist. In 2001, he was inducted into the International Court Tennis Hall of Fame.

Edward L. Bowen
Edward Louis Bowen (December 23, 1942 – January 20, 2025) was an American Thoroughbred horse racing historian and author, and the president of the Grayson-Jockey Club Research Foundation, an institution involved in funding equine research.
Rod Blagojevich controversies
A number of controversies related to Rod Blagojevich, a former governor of Illinois, were covered in the press during and after his administration. In addition to a reputation for secrecy that was noted by the Associated Press, Blagojevich was the subject of political, legal, and personal controversies similar to those of his predecessor, Republican Governor George Ryan. To the surprise of many, Blagojevich said in 2008 that he agreed with the idea of commuting Ryan's federal prison sentence.

Illinois Attorney General
The Illinois attorney general is the highest legal officer of the state of Illinois in the United States.  Originally an appointed office, it is now an office filled by statewide election.  Based in Chicago and Springfield, the attorney general is responsible for providing legal counsel for the various state agencies, including the governor of Illinois and Illinois General Assembly, as well as conducting all legal affairs pertaining to the state.

The office of Illinois Attorney General was established on December 3, 1818, based on guidelines adopted by a state constitutional convention. The attorney general is second (behind the lieutenant governor) in the line of succession to the office of Governor of Illinois. The first person to fulfill the duties of the office was Daniel Pope Cook who only served eleven days, and was later elected to the United States Congress. Cook County was named in his honor.

The current holder of the office is Kwame Raoul.
Tom Verdell
Thomas Verdell (May 8, 1905 – January 4, 1987) was an American college football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at Howard University in Washington, D.C. from 1929 to 1933, compiling a record of 13–24–3.

Verdell was born in Alabama and grew up in Chicago. He attended Northwestern University, where he played football as an end from 1926 to 1928. Following his graduating in 1929, he was appointed head coach in football and track at Howard. After five years at Howard, Verdell moved on to Virginia State University in 1934 to work as assistant football coach under Harry R. Jefferson and later assisted Sylvester Hall. Verdell spent 39 years at Virginia State, during which time was also head coach in boxing, track, and wrestling and an associate professor of health, physical education, and recreation. In 1963, he was appointed as Virginia State's acting athletic director.

Sylvester Hall
Sylvester R. "Sal" Hall (1910 – August 26, 1988) was an American football and basketball coach. He served as the head football coach at Virginia State University from 1949 to 1953, compiling a record of 25–16–2.

Hall began his coaching career as an assistant basketball coach at his alma mater, Howard University in Washington, D.C.

Sylvester R. "Sal" Hall-Football, Basketball, Track and Field Coach- 1942–1948;1954-1964. Hall was the first African American High School Coach to take any All Black High School- the Cardozo Clerks of 1955 to the Inter-High Championships which were segregated until this time. The 1955 Cardozo Clerks played Gonzaga for the city title and the game ended in a 6–6 tie. Hall was called the "master coach and teacher" by Dr. Andrew Jenkins, superintendent of the D.C. schools. "His contributions to young people were immeasureable-1988 Washington Post 09/01/1988/Washington Citypaper 11/27/2009
Odious debt
In international law, odious debt, also known as illegitimate debt, is a legal theory that says that the national debt incurred by a despotic regime should not be enforceable. Such debts are, thus, considered by this doctrine to be personal debts of the government that incurred them and not debts of the state. In some respects, the concept is analogous to the invalidity of contracts signed under coercion. Whether or not it is possible to discharge debts in this manner is a matter of dispute.

Despotism
In political science, despotism is a form of government in which a single entity rules with absolute power.  Normally, that entity is an individual, the despot (as in an autocracy), but societies which limit respect and power to specific groups have also been called despotic.

Colloquially, the word despot applies pejoratively to those who use their power and authority arbitrarily to oppress their populace or subordinates. More specifically, the term often applies to a head of state or government. In this sense, it is similar to the pejorative connotations that are associated with the terms tyrant and dictator.

Despot has also been a royal title assumed by various leaders historically, such as by rulers of the Serbian Despotate.
The Lady of the Lake (poem)
The Lady of the Lake is a narrative poem by Walter Scott, first published in 1810. Set in the Trossachs region of Scotland, it is composed of six cantos, each of which concerns the action of a single day. There are voluminous antiquarian notes. The poem has three main plots: the contest among three men, Roderick Dhu, James Fitz-James, and Malcolm Graeme, to win the love of Ellen Douglas; the feud and reconciliation of King James V of Scotland and James Douglas; and a war between the Lowland Scots (led by James V) and the Highland clans (led by Roderick Dhu of Clan Alpine).  The poem was tremendously influential in the nineteenth century, and inspired the Highland Revival.

Bidding stick
A bidding stick (sometimes also referred to as a budstikke, war arrow, or stembod) is a term for a wooden object, such as a club or baton, carried by a messenger and used by Northern Europeans, for example in Scotland and Scandinavia, to rally people for things (assemblies) and for defence or rebellion.
82 Alkmene
82 Alkmene is a main-belt asteroid. Alkmene was discovered by R. Luther on 7 November 1864 and named after Alcmene, the mother of Herakles in Greek mythology. Based on IRAS data, Alkmene is estimated to be about 61 kilometres (38 mi) in diameter. A satellite has been suggested based on 1985 lightcurve data.

Asteroid Alkmene occulted the apparent magnitude 7.5 star HIP 99229 in the constellation of Capricornus on 18 September 2014 around 06:41 UT (17 September 23:41 PDT) and was centered on Sacramento, CA. Alkmene projected an eclipse shadow that moves at about 3.2 km/s (2 mi/s). Asteroid occultations allow for accurate 2-dimensional mapping of an asteroids silhouette when observed by multiple telescopes separated by about 10 km (6.2 mi).

Robert Luther
Karl Theodor Robert Luther (16 April 1822, Świdnica – 15 February 1900 Düsseldorf), normally published as Robert Luther, was a German astronomer. While working at the Bilk Observatory in Düsseldorf, Germany, he searched for asteroids and discovered 24 of them between 1852 and 1890. Seven times Lalande Prize winner.
Danela Arsovska
Danela Arsovska (Macedonian: Данела Арсовска) is a Macedonian politician and was the mayor of Skopje from 2021 to 2025. In 2014, she was elected as President of the Macedonian Chambers of Commerce, which is the union of national chambers of commerce, promoting economic cooperation on national and international level based on principles of free trade and fair competition. She was appointed Chair of the Macedonian Union of Employers' Organizations in 2015.

Mayor of Skopje
The mayor of Skopje (Macedonian: Градоначeлник на Скопје, romanized: Gradonachelnik na Skopje; Latin: Kryetari i Qytetit të Shkupit) is the city mayor who is representing North Macedonia's capital city Greater Skopje and all of its municipalities. Also, the mayor's decisions are confirmed or rejected by the City Council of Skopje. The obligations of the mayor include:

declaring the acts of the Council and publishes them in the "Official Gazette of the City of Skopje";

caring and ensuring the implementation of the acts of the Council;

caring for the activities that with law are entrusted to the City of Skopje;

proposing to the Council for making decisions and other general acts of its jurisdiction, etc.

Mayor cooperates with the municipal mayors of the city of Skopje, for building common views, common setting priorities and taking joint action on certain issues and problems of interest to the city as a whole. The current mayor of Skopje is Orce Ǵorǵievski.
2008 Isle of Anglesey County Council election
An election was held on Thursday 1 May 2008 to elect members of the Isle of Anglesey County Council in Wales. This was the same day as other United Kingdom local elections. The previous full council election was on 10 June 2004 and the next full council election was held on 2 May 2013.

2013 Isle of Anglesey County Council election
An election to the Isle of Anglesey County Council was held as part of the 2013 United Kingdom local elections and took place on 2 May 2013. Anglesey was the only Welsh authority voting in 2013, the election having been postponed from 2012 by the Welsh Government, in order to allow an electoral review to take place. The next full council election took place on 4 May 2017.
Mengciusornis
Mengciusornis is an extinct genus of basal ornithuromorph dinosaurs from the Early Cretaceous of China. It contains one species, M. dentatus, remains of which have been found in the Jiufotang Formation. Together with the closely related Schizooura it makes up the family Schizoouridae.

Euornithes
Euornithes (from the Greek word ευόρνιθες euórnithes meaning "true birds") is a natural group which includes the most recent common ancestor of all avialans closer to modern birds than to the enantiornithines. This group was defined in the PhyloCode by Juan Benito and colleagues in 2022 as "the largest clade containing Vultur gryphus, but not Enantiornis leali and Cathayornis yandica".
Royal Parade, Melbourne
Royal Parade is a major urban road in Victoria, Australia, linking Melbourne City to Brunswick and the northern suburbs. It is the site of major educational and sporting facilities as well as several buildings of heritage significance.

City of Melbourne
The City of Melbourne is a local government area in Victoria, Australia, located in the central city area of Melbourne. In 2021, the city has an area of 37.7 square kilometres (14.6 sq mi) and had a population of 149,615. The city's motto is "vires acquirit eundo" which means "we gather strength as we go".

The current Lord Mayor is Nicholas Reece, who replaced Sally Capp on 2 July 2024. The Melbourne City Council (MCC) holds office in Melbourne Town Hall.
NGC 6300
NGC 6300 is a barred Seyfert spiral galaxy located in the constellation Ara. It is classified as SB(rs)b in the galaxy morphological classification scheme and was discovered by the Scottish astronomer James Dunlop on 30 June 1826. NGC 6300 is located at about 51 million light years away from Earth. It is suspected that a massive black hole (300,000 times the mass of Sun) may be at its center, pulling all the nearby objects into it. In turn, it emits large amounts of X-rays.

Ara (constellation)
Ara (Latin for "the Altar") is a southern constellation between Scorpius, Telescopium, Triangulum Australe, and Norma. Under its Greek name Βωμός, Bōmǒs, it was one of the 48 classical constellations described by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations designated by the International Astronomical Union.

The orange supergiant Beta Arae is the brightest star in Ara, with a near-constant apparent magnitude of 2.85, and is marginally brighter than the blue-white Alpha Arae. Seven star systems are known to host planets. Sunlike Mu Arae hosts four known planets. Gliese 676 is a (gravity-paired) binary red dwarf system with four known planets.

The Milky Way crosses the northwestern part of Ara. Within the constellation is Westerlund 1, a super star cluster that contains the red supergiant Westerlund 1-26, one of the largest stars known.
Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas FC
Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas FC is a Mexican football club.  They reside in Zacatecas, Zacatecas. The club currently places in the Segunda División de México and would not be eligible for promotion, since the club does not count with a stadium with a capacity of 15,000. The clubs represents the Autonomous University of Zacatecas.

Autonomous University of Zacatecas
The Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas  (UAZ) (Autonomous University of Zacatecas) is a Mexican public research university based in the city of Zacatecas, Zacatecas, but with several campuses across the state. It is considered both the most prestigious and most important college in the state. According to  Mexican business and economics newspaper El Economista the UAZ is among the 20 best Mexican universities.
Basen Górniczy
Basen Górniczy (German: Groß Stein Bruch) is a part of the Szczecin City (German: Stettin), Poland, situated on the islands between the West Oder river and East Oder River (Regalica), south-east of the Szczecin Old Town, and west of Szczecin-Dąbie.

The area is part of the Port of Gdańsk, where dry bulk goods, liquid bulk goods, scrap, machinery, structures, steel products and unitized general cargo are transhipped.

Dąbie, Szczecin
Dąbie (German: Damm, Altdamm, or Stettin-Altdamm) is a former town and current municipal neighbourhood of the city of Szczecin in  Poland, situated on the Płonia river, on the south coast of Dąbie Lake, on the right bank of Oder river, east of the Szczecin Old Town and Middle Town. As of January 2011 it had a population of 13,275.
Lemon La Vida Loca
Lemon La Vida Loca is a British mock reality show created, written by, and starring Keith Lemon. The show's title is derived from Ricky Martin's 1999 hit single, "Livin' la Vida Loca".

The series follows the character of television personality Keith Lemon, capturing his home and work life, and everything in between. The series began airing on 2 August 2012 on ITV2, and concluded its first series on 23 August 2012. Whilst on Let's Do Lunch with Gino & Mel, Lemon announced that a Christmas special of Lemon La Vida Loca would air in December. He confirmed this news on his Twitter account as well. A second series began airing on 6 June 2013. Aikman announced that she would not be returning to the show for the second series, but she did make an appearance on the first episode of the second series.

It was announced in January 2014 that Lemon La Vida Loca would not be renewed for a third series.

Let's Do Lunch with Gino & Mel
Let's Do Lunch with Gino & Mel is  a British daytime television programme which aired live on ITV from 2011 until 2014 as part of ITV Food, presented by Gino D'Acampo and Melanie Sykes. D'Acampo cooks various food items, whilst Sykes does the main presenting of the show. The show mixed food with celebrity chat. In each episode, a celebrity guest appeared to assist the hosts and chat to them about their latest projects.

Alongside the main show aired a pre-recorded Christmas series known as Let's Do Christmas with Gino & Mel (2012–2014), which saw D'Acampo cooking Christmas food, still with celebrity guests and chat. There were three series of the Christmas show.
Cane Corso
The Cane Corso is an Italian breed of mastiff. It is usually kept as a companion dog or guard dog; it may also be used to protect livestock. In the past it was used both for hunting large game and for herding cattle.

Mastiff
A mastiff is a large and powerful type of dog. Mastiffs are among the largest dogs, and typically have a short coat, a long low-set tail and large feet; the skull is large and bulky, the muzzle broad and short (brachycephalic) and the ears drooping and pendant-shaped. European and Asian records dating back 3,000 years show dogs of the mastiff type. Mastiffs have historically been guard dogs, protecting homes and property, although throughout history they have been used as hunting dogs, war dogs and for blood sports, such as dog fighting, bull-baiting, bear-baiting, and even lion-baiting.
Oppurg Castle
Oppurg Castle (also known as Niederoppurg Castle) (German: Schloss Oppurg or Schloss Niederoppurg) is a baroque German castle in Oppurg near Pößneck in the Saale-Orla-Kreis district, in Thuringia, Germany.

Saale-Orla-Kreis
Saale-Orla is a Kreis (district) in the east of Thuringia, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from the north clockwise) the districts Saale-Holzland, Greiz, the Vogtlandkreis in Saxony, the Bavarian districts Hof and Kronach, and the district Saalfeld-Rudolstadt.
Terminal Island (Antarctica)
Terminal Island is a low snow-covered island 0.5 nmi (0.93 km) off the north tip of Alexander Island, in the Bellingshausen Sea west of Palmer Land, Antarctic Peninsula. It was first mapped by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) in 1960 from air photography taken by Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition (RARE), 1947–1948. The name, given by the UK Antarctic Place-names Committee (UK-APC), is descriptive of its position relative to Alexander Island.

Alexander Island
Alexander Island, also known as Alexander I Island, Alexander I Land, Alexander Land, Alexander I Archipelago, and Zemlja Alexandra I, is the largest island of Antarctica. It lies in the Bellingshausen Sea west of Palmer Land, Antarctic Peninsula from which it is separated by Marguerite Bay and George VI Sound. The George VI Ice Shelf entirely fills George VI Sound and connects Alexander Island to Palmer Land. The island partly surrounds Wilkins Sound, which lies to its west. Alexander Island is about 390 kilometres (240 mi) long in a north–south direction, 80 kilometres (50 mi) wide in the north, and 240 kilometres (150 mi) wide in the south. Alexander Island is the second-largest uninhabited island in the world, after Devon Island.
Tamatebako
A tamatebako (玉手箱) "jeweled hand box", "jewel box", "jeweled box",  "treasure box", "casket", etc., is a mysterious box that in the Japanese folk tale "Urashima Tarō", is a parting gift that the fisherman Urashima Tarō receives from mistress of the sea (Otohime), after his stay at the Dragon Palace (or Hōrai), to which he was invited after saving a turtle.

Katami no hako "memento box" is another name by which the box is referred to in the tale.

Tamakushige "comb box" is the name that occurs in earlier precursors, such as the anecdote of Ura-no-Shimako (Urashima-no-ko) in the Fudoki of Tango Province and the Manyōshū (8th century).  The term tamatebako was first employed in reference to the tale in a quoted poem in Otogizōshi.

Otogi-zōshi
Otogi-zōshi (御伽草子) are a group of about 350 Japanese prose narratives written primarily in the Muromachi period (1392–1573).  These illustrated short stories, which remain unattributed, together form one of the representative literary genres of the Japanese medieval era.