hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thought experiment
A thought experiment is an imaginary scenario that is meant to elucidate or test an argument or theory. It is often an experiment that would be hard, impossible, or unethical to actually perform. It can also be an abstract hypothetical that is meant to test our intuitions about morality or other fundamental philosophical questions.

Subjunctive possibility
Subjunctive possibility (also called alethic possibility) is a form of modality studied in modal logic. Subjunctive possibilities are the sorts of possibilities considered when conceiving counterfactual situations; subjunctive modalities are modalities that bear on whether a statement might have been or could be true—such as might, could, must, possibly, necessarily, contingently, essentially, accidentally, and so on. Subjunctive possibilities include logical possibility, metaphysical possibility, nomological possibility, and temporal possibility.
Armsheim
Armsheim is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Alzey-Worms district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Armsheim lies in the Rhenish-Hessian Hills, has roughly 2,650 inhabitants and is the third biggest municipality within the Verbandsgemeinde of Wörrstadt, whose seat is in the like-named municipality. The current Armsheim was formed out of two formerly autonomous centres in 1969, named Armsheim and Schimsheim.

Alzey-Worms
Alzey-Worms (German pronunciation: [ˈaltsaɪˈvɔʁms]) is a district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is bounded by (from the east and clockwise) the district Groß-Gerau (Hesse), the city of Worms and the districts of Bad Dürkheim, Donnersbergkreis, Bad Kreuznach and Mainz-Bingen.
Breitenbach, Rhineland-Palatinate
Breitenbach (German pronunciation: [ˈbʁaɪtn̩bax]) is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Oberes Glantal. Breitenbach is one of the Kusel district's eight biggest municipalities. It is also the Palatinate's westernmost municipality.

County of Zweibrücken
The County of Zweibrücken (German: Grafschaft Zweibrücken) was a territory in the Holy Roman Empire named for Zweibrücken in which is now situated in the Rhineland-Palatinate. It was created sometime between 1182 and 1190 from an inheritance division of the county of Saarbrücken and lasted until 1394.
1890 Yale Bulldogs football team
The 1890 Yale Bulldogs football team represented Yale University in the 1890 college football season. In its third year under head coach Walter Camp, the team compiled a 13–1 record, recorded 12 shutouts, and outscored all opponents by a total of 486 to 18.  Its only loss was to rival Harvard by a 12–6 score.

Three Yale players (halfback Thomas McClung, guard Pudge Heffelfinger, and tackle William Rhodes) were consensus picks for the 1890 College Football All-America Team.  All three have also been inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame

William Rhodes (American football)
William Castle Rhodes (July 5, 1869 – February 5, 1914) was an American football player and coach. Rhodes played tackle at Yale University from 1887 to 1890 and was selected for the 1890 College Football All-America Team. After playing for the Cleveland Athletic Club and coaching at Western Reserve in 1891, Rhodes returned to his alma mater to serve as head coach for the Yale Bulldogs football team in 1893 and 1894, compiling a record of 26–1. Rhodes' 1894 team won all 16 of its games and was later recognized as a national champion by a number of selectors.
Heimarmene
Heimarmene or Himarmene (/haɪˈmɑːrmɪniː/; Ancient Greek: Εἱμαρμένη) is a goddess and being of fate/destiny in Greek mythology (in particular, the orderly succession of cause and effect, or rather, the fate of the universe as a whole, as opposed to the destinies of individual people). She belongs to a family of similar beings of destiny and fate, which have given us various modern concepts (such as Aesa, Moira, Moros, Ananke, Adrasteia and Pepromene).

Adrasteia
In ancient Greek religion and mythology, Adrasteia (/ˌædrəˈstiːə/; Ancient Greek: Ἀδράστεια, Ionic Greek: Ἀδρήστεια), also spelled Adrastia, Adrastea, Adrestia, Adrestea, Adastreia or Adrasta, originally a Phrygian mountain goddess, probably associated with Cybele, was later a Cretan nymph, and daughter of Melisseus, who was charged by Rhea with nurturing the infant Zeus in secret, to protect him from his father Cronus. By at latest the fifth century BC, she became identified with Nemesis, the goddess of divine retribution.
2018 Asian Men's Youth Handball Championship
The 2018 Asian Men's Youth Handball Championship was the 8th edition of the championship held from 16 to 26 September 2018 at Amman (Jordan) under the aegis of Asian Handball Federation. It was the third time in history that championship was organised in Jordan by the Jordan Handball Federation. The top four teams qualified for the 2019 Men's Youth World Handball Championship to be held in Republic of Macedonia.

Asian Men's Youth Handball Championship
The Asian Men's Youth Handball Championship is the official competition for youth men's national handball teams of Asia, and takes place every two years. In addition to crowning the Asian champions, the tournament also serves as a qualifying tournament for the Youth World Championship.
Shoreham (UK Parliament constituency)
Shoreham was a parliamentary constituency centred on the town of Shoreham-by-Sea in West Sussex.  It returned one Member of Parliament (MP)  to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1974 to 1997.

Before the 1885 general election, the Parliamentary borough of New Shoreham, also known simply as Shoreham, returned two members to the House of Commons.

Shoreham-by-Sea
Shoreham-by-Sea (often shortened to Shoreham) is a coastal town and port in the Adur district, in the county of West Sussex, England. In 2011 it had a population of 20,547.

The town is bordered to its north by the South Downs, to its west by the Adur Valley, and to its south by the River Adur and Shoreham Beach on the English Channel. The town lies in the middle of the ribbon of urban development along the English south coast, approximately equidistant from the city of Brighton and Hove to the east and the town of Worthing to the west. Shoreham covers an area of 2,430 acres (980 ha) and has a population of 20,547 (2011 census).
Noxolo Cesane
Noxolo Cesane (born 11 October 2000) is a South African soccer player who plays as a midfielder for SAFA Women's League club Mamelodi Sundowns Ladies and the South Africa women's national team.

She was part of the national team when they won their maiden continental title at the 2022 Women's Africa Cup of Nations. Cesane was part of the University of the Western Cape team when they became the first university to win the COSAFA Women's Champions League and qualify for the CAF Women's Champions League. She was selected in the tournament Best XI.

2024 CAF Women's Champions League COSAFA Qualifiers
The 2024  CAF Women's Champions League COSAFA Qualifiers is the 4th edition of the annual women's association football club championship organized by COSAFA for its nations. This edition will be held from August 15 to 24 in Blantyre, Malawi.

The winners of the tournament will qualify for the 2024 CAF Women's Champions League final tournament.
Hammock camping
Hammock camping is a form of camping in which a camper sleeps in a suspended hammock rather than a conventional tent on the ground. Due to the absence of poles and the reduced amount of material used, hammocks can be lighter than a tent, though this is not always the case. Most hammocks will also require less space in a pack than a similar occupancy tent. In foul weather, a tarp is suspended above the hammock to keep the rain off of the camper.  Mosquito netting, sometimes integrated into the camping hammock itself, is also used as climatic conditions warrant. Camping hammocks are used by campers who are looking for lighter weight, protection from ground-dwelling insects, or other ground complications such as sloped ground, rocky terrain and flooded terrain.

Tarpaulin
A tarpaulin (/tɑːrˈpɔːlɪn/ tar-PAW-lin, also US: /ˈtɑːrpəlɪn/) or tarp is a large sheet of strong, flexible, water-resistant or waterproof material, often cloth such as canvas or polyester coated with polyurethane, or made of plastics such as polyethylene. Tarpaulins often have reinforced grommets at the corners and along the sides to form attachment points for rope, allowing them to be tied down or suspended.

Inexpensive modern tarpaulins are made from woven polyethylene; This material has become so commonly used for tarpaulins that people in some places refer to it colloquially as "poly tarp" or "polytarp".
Karl Smith (athlete)
Karl Smith (born 15 September 1959) is a Jamaican track and field athlete specializing in the hurdles.  He ran for his native country in the 1984 Olympics in the 400 metres hurdles and on their 4 × 400 metres relay team.  In the hurdles, he finished behind medalists Danny Harris and Harald Schmid in the semi-final round, not qualifying for the final.

The top Jamaican hurdler in his day, Smith is still ranked #19 all time.

Smith has continued to run hurdles in Masters athletics, holding the world record in the 110 metres hurdles.

Danny Harris
Danny Lee Harris (born September 7, 1965) is an American former track and field athlete who specialized in the 400-meter hurdles (400 mH), in which he won silver medals at the 1984 Olympics and the 1987 World Championships.
Fi-linx
fi-linx (intentionally lower-case) is a credit union service organization owned by Maps Service Agency, a subsidiary of Maps Credit Union, and headquartered in Salem, Oregon.  A financial software development company, fi-linx products are specifically marketed to credit unions. Their services are offered both directly and through the Credit Union Executives Society (CUES).

Maps Credit Union
The Maps Credit Union is an American credit union based in Salem, Oregon. It began as the Salem Public School Teachers Credit Union. It was founded in 1935 and its first full year of charter was 1936.

It initially served Salem area educators and school employees but in 2008, the credit union expanded its charter to include all Willamette Valley residents. It currently has 10 locations throughout the region.
Helly Luv
Helen Abdulla (Kurdish: هێلین عەبدوڵڵا; born 16 November 1988), better known by her stage name Helly Luv (ھێڵی لەڤ), is a Kurdish singer, dancer, choreographer, actress, model, She rose to fame after uploading cover videos on social media websites like Myspace and YouTube. Helly Luv has since starred in movies, music videos and has released her own material. Gaining popularity from her 2013 single "Risk It All", Helly Luv has recently signed to G2 Music Group. In 2014, she appeared in her first theatrical feature film, Mardan.

Duhok
Duhok (Kurdish: دهۆک, romanized: Dihok; Arabic: دهوك, romanized: Dohūk; Syriac: ܒܝܬ ܢܘܗܕܪܐ, romanized: Beth Nohadra, Lishanid Noshan: דוהוך, romanized: Dohok) is a city in Kurdistan Region, Iraq and the capital city of Duhok Governorate.
1955 in spaceflight
In 1955, both the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR) announced plans for launching the world's first satellites during the International Geophysical Year (IGY) of 1957–58. Project Vanguard, proposed by the US Navy, won out over the US Army's Project Orbiter as the satellite and rocket design to be flown in the IGY. Development of Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles, the Atlas by the US and the R-7 by the USSR, accelerated, entering the design and construction phase.

Both the US and USSR continued to launch a myriad of sounding rockets to probe the outer reaches of Earth's atmosphere and to take quick glimpses of the sun beyond the obscuring layers of air. The Aerobee Hi, first launched in April, promised a comparatively low cost alternative to other high altitude sounding rockets. The State University of Iowa meanwhile experimented with balloon-launched rockoons on its fourth expedition into the Atlantic Ocean.

Loki (rocket)
Loki, officially designated 76mm HEAA Rocket T220, was an American unguided anti-aircraft rocket based on the German Taifun. Like the Taifun, Loki never saw service in its original role, but later found widespread use as a sounding rocket. It was so successful in this role that several advanced versions were developed on the basic Loki layout, including the final Super Loki.
Generalized spectrogram
A generalized spectrogram, also called "two-window spectrogram", is a generalized application of spectrograms. In order to view a signal (taken to be a function of time) represented over both time and frequency axes, a time–frequency representation is used. Spectrograms are one of the most popular time-frequency representations.

Time–frequency representation
A time–frequency representation (TFR) is a view of a signal (taken to be a function of time) represented over both time and frequency. Time–frequency analysis means analysis into the time–frequency domain provided by a TFR. This is achieved by using a formulation often called "Time–Frequency Distribution", abbreviated as TFD.

TFRs are often complex-valued fields over time and frequency, where the modulus of the field represents either amplitude or "energy density" (the concentration of the root mean square over time and frequency), and the argument of the field represents phase.
Fourth Fraser ministry
The Fourth Fraser ministry (Liberal–National Country/National coalition) was the 53rd ministry of the Government of Australia. It was led by the country's 22nd Prime Minister, Malcolm Fraser. The Fourth Fraser ministry succeeded the Third Fraser ministry, which dissolved on 3 November 1980 following the federal election that took place in October. The ministry was replaced by the first Hawke ministry on 11 March 1983 following the federal election that took place on 5 March which saw Labor defeat the Coalition.

1980 Australian federal election
A federal election was held in Australia on 18 October 1980. All 125 seats in the House of Representatives and 34 of the 64 seats in the Senate were up for election. The incumbent Liberal–NCP coalition government, led by Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser, was elected to a third term with a reduced majority, defeating the opposition Labor Party led by Bill Hayden. This was the last federal election victory for the Coalition until the 1996 election.

Future Prime Minister Bob Hawke and future opposition leader and future Deputy Prime Minister Kim Beazley entered parliament at this election.
Dar Eshgaft, Ilam
Dar Eshgaft (Persian: دراشگفت) is a village in Shabab Rural District, in the Shabab District of Chardavol County, Ilam Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 471, in 103 families. The village is majorly populated by Kurds.

Shabab Rural District
Shabab Rural District (Persian: دهستان شباب) is in Shabab District of Chardavol County, Ilam province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Sang-e Sefid. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Halesam, and prior to this, its capital was the village of Shabab, now a city.
Ritual Entertainment
Ritual Entertainment was an American video game developer established in 1996 by Robert Atkins, Mark Dochtermann, Jim Dosé, Richard 'Levelord' Gray, Michael Hadwin, Harry Miller, and Tom Mustaine. Based in Dallas, Texas, Ritual Entertainment was formerly known as Hipnotic Interactive, during which period they began development of their signature video game SiN.

Id Software
id Software LLC (/ɪd/) is an American video game developer based in Richardson, Texas. It was founded on February 1, 1991, by four members of the computer company Softdisk: programmers John Carmack and John Romero, game designer Tom Hall, and artist Adrian Carmack.

id Software made important technological developments in video game technologies for the PC (running MS-DOS and Windows), including work done for the Wolfenstein, Doom, and Quake franchises at the time. id's work was particularly important in 3D computer graphics technology and in game engines that are used throughout the video game industry. The company was involved in the creation of the first-person shooter (FPS) genre: Wolfenstein 3D is often considered to be the first true FPS; Doom is a game that popularized the genre and PC gaming in general; and Quake was id's first true 3D FPS.

On June 24, 2009, ZeniMax Media acquired the company. In 2015, they opened a second studio in Frankfurt, Germany.
David A. Wagner
David A. Wagner (born 1974) is an American professor of computer science at the University of California, Berkeley and a well-known researcher in cryptography and computer security. He is a member of the Election Assistance Commission's Technical Guidelines Development Committee, tasked with assisting the EAC in drafting the Voluntary Voting System Guidelines. He was also a member of the ACCURATE project.

Bruce Schneier
Bruce Schneier (/ˈʃnaɪ.ər/; born January 15, 1963) is an American cryptographer, computer security professional, privacy specialist, and writer. Schneier is an Adjunct Lecturer in Public Policy at the Harvard Kennedy School and a Fellow at the Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society as of November, 2013. He is a board member of the Electronic Frontier Foundation, Access Now, and The Tor Project; and an advisory board member of Electronic Privacy Information Center and VerifiedVoting.org. He is the author of several books on general security topics, computer security and cryptography and is a squid enthusiast.
Tales of Creation
Tales of Creation is the fourth studio album by Swedish doom metal band Candlemass released on 25 September 1989. It was reissued in 2001 with a bonus CD.

Some of the material from this album ("Dark Reflections", "Under the Oak", "Into the Unfathomed Tower", "Somewhere in Nowhere" and "A Tale of Creation") was originally recorded in 1985 by one of the earliest incarnations of Candlemass. "Under the Oak" is actually a remake of a song from their 1986 debut Epicus Doomicus Metallicus. The cover art is a modified version of Gustave Doré's "The Creation of Light."

Tales of Creation was also the last Candlemass album to feature vocalist Messiah Marcolin until he returned for the self-titled album in 2005.

Epicus Doomicus Metallicus
Epicus Doomicus Metallicus is the debut studio album by Swedish doom metal band Candlemass, released on 10 June 1986 by Black Dragon Records.

On its release, the album had a significantly different sound than other European heavy metal bands of the time, because of their use of operatic vocals mixed over slow and heavy guitar riffs.  The album did not sell well on its initial release, which led to the group being dropped from the label during the same year.  Since then, the album has been re-issued in several different formats.  The album title Epicus Doomicus Metallicus is a dog latin translation rendering of Epic Doom Metal — the genre which the band helped pioneer and with which it is most commonly identified. Although he was actually a guest musician at the time of its recording, this was the only Candlemass album to feature vocalist Johan Längqvist until he joined the band, officially, in 2018.
1975–76 NCAA football bowl games
The 1975–76 NCAA football bowl games were a series of post-season games played in December 1975 and January 1976 to end the 1975 NCAA Division I football season. A total of 11 team-competitive games were played. The post-season began with the Tangerine Bowl on December 20, 1975, and concluded on January 1, 1976, with the Orange Bowl.

1976 Orange Bowl
The 1976 Orange Bowl was the 42nd edition of the college football bowl game, played at the Orange Bowl in Miami, Florida, on Thursday, January 1. Part of the 1975–76 bowl game season, it matched the fifth-ranked Michigan Wolverines of the Big Ten Conference and the #3 Oklahoma Sooners of the Big Eight Conference. In the first meeting between these two teams, favored Oklahoma won 14–6.

This was the sixth and final Orange Bowl played on artificial turf; Poly-Turf, similar to AstroTurf, was installed before the 1970 season and two versions lasted six seasons. It was removed in early 1976, following Super Bowl X, and replaced with natural grass.

This was the first time the Orange Bowl used officials from a neutral conference (in this instance, the Southeastern). In previous years, a split crew consisting of officials from each team's conference (the Big Ten when independent Notre Dame participated) were put together.
American Board of Pain Medicine
The American Board of Pain Medicine (ABPM) was founded in 1991 as the "American College of Pain Medicine". The name was changed in 1994 to be more congruent with the nomenclature of other medical specialty boards. The mission of the American Board of Pain Medicine is to improve the quality of pain medicine.

Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education
The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) is the body responsible for accrediting all graduate medical training programs —internships, residencies, and fellowships (subspecialty programs) — for physicians in the United States. It is a non-profit private council that evaluates and accredits medical residency and internship programs.
Megaderma
Megaderma is a genus of bat in the family Megadermatidae. It contains two living species:

Lesser false vampire bat (Megaderma spasma)

Greater false vampire bat (Megaderma lyra)

Megaderma lyra has a larger wingspan than Megaderma spasma. Members of this genus are found in Southeast Asia, India and Sri Lanka. The ranges of the two species overlap in the Malayan Peninsula, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Myanmar and along the east coast of India.

The ghost bat (Macroderma gigas) was included in Megaderma before reclassification in Macroderma.

Lesser false vampire bat
The lesser false vampire bat (Megaderma spasma) is a bat found in South Asia and Southeast Asia from Sri Lanka and India in the west to Indonesia and the Philippines in the east. They live in caves and tree hollows. They are insectivorous.
Kahan Tum Chalay Gye
Kahan Tum Chalay Gaye (previously titled Meri Har Nazar Teri Muntazir) is a Pakistani drama serial that first aired on Geo Entertainment on 10 February 2016. It is produced by Babar Javed and Asif Raza. The series aired every Sunday 7pm, after being moved from the Wednesday and Thursday 10pm-11pm slot. The show went off air unfinished after 9-10 episodes (early March) due to censor issues but then resumed after 2 months, in May 2016, under a new change.

Babar Javed
Babar Javed Mughal (Urdu: بابر جاوید) is a Pakistani television and film producer and  director. He has produced and directed series such as Meri Zaat Zarra-e-Benishan, Qaid-e-Tanhai, Mera Saaein, Main Abdul Qadir Hoon, Aasmanon Pay Likha, Bashar Momin, Adhoora Bandhan, and Mor Mahal, all under his production company A&B Entertainment that he co-founded with actor turned filmmaker Asif Raza Mir. Javed has earned eight Lux Style Awards as a director and producer. In 2016, he received his first ARY Film Award nomination for producing the 2015 biopic film Manto.
Vargem Bonita
Vargem Bonita is a Brazilian municipality located in the west of the state of Minas Gerais. Its population as of 2020 was 2,148 people living in a total area of 409 km2 (158 sq mi). The city belongs to the meso-region of Oeste de Minas and to the micro-region of Piumhi.  It became a municipality in 1953.

Passos, Minas Gerais
Passos is a Brazilian municipality located in the southwest of the state of Minas Gerais. Its population as of 2020 was 115,337 people living in a total area of 1,339 km2. The city belongs to the meso-region of Sul e Sudoeste de Minas and to the micro-region of Passos. It became a municipality in 1858.

The name is derived from the patron saint Décio Velho Martins Cançado.