hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Legio I Minervia
Legio I Minervia (lit. First Legion "Minervan", i.e., "devoted to the goddess Minerva") was a legion of the Imperial Roman army founded in AD 82 by emperor Domitian (r.  81–96), for his campaign against the Germanic tribe of the Chatti. Its cognomen refers to the goddess Minerva, the legion's protector. There are still records of the I Minervia in the Rhine border region in the middle of the 4th century. The legion's emblem is an image of goddess Minerva.

Legio I Minervia first, and main, camp was in the city of Bonna (modern Bonn), in the province of Germania Inferior. In 89, they suppressed a revolt of the governor of Germania Superior. Due to this, Domitian gave them the cognomen Pia Fidelis Domitiana (loyal and faithful to Domitian) to acknowledge their support.

Germania Superior
Germania Superior  ("Upper Germania") was an imperial province of the Roman Empire. It comprised an area of today's western Switzerland, the French Jura and Alsace regions, and southwestern Germany. Important cities were Besançon (Vesontio), Strasbourg (Argentoratum), Wiesbaden (Aquae Mattiacae), and Germania Superior's capital, Mainz (Mogontiacum). It comprised the Middle Rhine, bordering on the Limes Germanicus, and on the Alpine province of Raetia to the south-east. Although it had been occupied militarily since the reign of Augustus, Germania Superior (along with Germania Inferior) was not made into an official province until c. 85 AD.
Management Data Input/Output
Management Data Input/Output (MDIO), also known as Serial Management Interface (SMI) or Media Independent Interface Management  (MIIM), is a serial bus defined for the Ethernet family of IEEE 802.3 standards for the Media Independent Interface, or MII. The MII connects media access control (MAC) devices with Ethernet physical layer (PHY) circuits. The MAC device controlling the MDIO is called the Station Management Entity (SME).

IEEE 802.3
IEEE 802.3 is a working group and a collection of standards defining the physical layer and data link layer's media access control (MAC) of wired Ethernet. The standards are produced by the working group of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). This set of standards generally applies to local area networks (LANs) and has some wide area network (WAN) applications. Physical connections are made between network nodes and, usually, various network infrastructure devices (hubs, switches, routers) by various types of copper cables or optical fiber.

802.3 standards support the IEEE 802.1 network architecture.

802.3 also defines a LAN access method using carrier-sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD).
Chymophila
Chymophila is a subgenus of the hoverfly genus Microdon. It was previously considered to be exclusively Neotropical, but is now also known from the Nearctic and Oriental realms, and one species is known from Japan. Chymophila was based on a composite type species: the holotype is a body of C. fulgens with the head of a conopid glued on.

Microdon
Hover flies (family Syrphidae) of the genus Microdon are unusual among the Diptera. Like other members of the subfamily, they are myrmecophiles, meaning they inhabit the nests of ants.

There are 249 species known worldwide, with the greatest diversity being from the tropics; 30 species are known from North America, though it is expected that many of these species will be placed in other genera in time, as Microdon has been used as a catch-all for various unrelated species not placed in other genera.
Joseph Graybill
Joseph Graybill (April 17, 1887 – August 3, 1913) was an American silent film actor. He appeared in several films directed by D.W. Griffith.
Graybill joined the Biograph Company around 1909 in New York City. By 1910 Griffith was the main director. Graybill worked with Biograph in 1911 in California.

Enoch Arden (1911 film)
Enoch Arden is a two-part 1911 short silent drama film from the United States, based on the 1864 Tennyson poem of the same name. It was directed by D. W. Griffith, and starred Wilfred Lucas and Linda Arvidson. Part I was released on June 12, 1911, and Part II three days later.

A print of the film survives in the film archive of the Library of Congress. Prints, positive or negative, are also held by the Museum of Modern Art, the George Eastman Museum, the National Film and Television Archive and the UCLA Film and Television Archive.
Bykivnia graves
The Bykivnia graves (Ukrainian: Биківнянські могили, romanized: Bykivnians'ki mohyly) are a National Historic Memorial next to the former village of Bykivnia (Ukrainian: Биківня, Polish: Bykownia) within Kyiv woodland, Bykivnia Forest. During the Stalinist period in the Soviet Union, it was one of the unmarked mass grave sites where the NKVD, the Soviet secret police, disposed of thousands of murdered "enemies of the Soviet state". Bykivnia as a residential place still exists as a locality with the same Bykivnia Forest. The National Memorial is located across Brovarskyi Prospect from Bykivnia, next to the former Rybne Soviet fishery in the thick of the woods.

The number of dead bodies buried there is estimated between "dozens of thousand", to 30,000, to 100,000. Some estimates place the number as high as 200,000.

Enemy of the people
The terms enemy of the people and enemy of the nation are designations for the political opponents and the social-class opponents of the power group within a larger social unit, who, thus identified, can be subjected to political repression.

Like the term enemy of the state, the term enemy of the people originated and derives from the Latin: hostis publicus, a public enemy of the Roman Empire. In literature, the term enemy of the people features in the title of the stageplay An Enemy of the People (1882), by Henrik Ibsen, and is a theme in the stageplay Coriolanus (1605), by William Shakespeare.
Lockheed Martin FB-22
The Lockheed Martin FB-22 was a proposed supersonic stealth bomber aircraft for the United States Air Force, derived from the F-22 Raptor air superiority fighter. Lockheed Martin proposed its design in the early 2000s with support from certain Air Force leaders as an interim "regional bomber" to complement the aging U.S. strategic bomber fleet, whose replacement was planned to enter service after 2037. The FB-22 was to leverage much of the design work and components from the F-22 to reduce development costs.

Lockheed Martin suspended work on the concept following the 2006 Quadrennial Defense Review, which called for a new and much larger strategic Next-Generation Bomber by 2018; this program had morphed into the Long Range Strike Bomber.

GBU-37 GPS-Aided Munition
The GBU-37 (Guided Bomb Unit-37) Global Positioning System Aided Munition (GAM) was developed for use with the B-2 Bomber. The bomb can penetrate hardened targets or targets buried deep underground. The first all-weather precision-guided bunker buster, it became operational in 1997..

The GPS Aided Target System (GATS) is a B-2 targeting system that makes it easier to find targets, even in bad weather. It uses the B-2's GPS and radar abilities together to pinpoint targets very accurately based on where the B-2 is right now. This helps the B-2 bomber hit targets more precisely.
Sun Life Plaza
The Ampersand is a high-rise office complex in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. It consists of three identical skyscrapers, designated as North, West and East Tower, and connected by the lobby at ground level and by a shopping gallery at Plus 15 level.

Total area of the 3 buildings is 1.032 million square feet. Building floor plates are roughly 12,000 square feet each.

Plus 15
The Plus 15 or +15 is a skyway network in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. It is the world's most extensive pedestrian skywalk system, with a total length of 16 kilometres (10 miles) and 86 bridges connecting 130 buildings, as of 2022. Calgary often has severe winters and the walkways allow people to get around the city's downtown more quickly and comfortably. The busiest parts of the network saw over 20,000 pedestrians per day in a 2018 count.

The system is so named because the skywalks are approximately 15 feet (approximately 4.5 metres) above street level. Some Plus 15 skywalks are multi-level, with higher levels being referred to as Plus 30s and Plus 45s.
Philip II (bishop of Châlons)
Philip II (died 12 April 1237), called Philippe de Méréville or Philippe de Nemours, was the bishop of Châlons from 1228 until his death. He was a member of the nobility of the Île-de-France, and was a priest in Paris before coming to Châlons. As bishop, he was a consistent ally of Count Theobald IV of Champagne, in whose county his diocese lay.

Livre parisis
The livre parisis (French: [livʁ paʁizi]; lit. 'Paris pound'), also known as the Paris or Parisian livre, was a medieval French coin and unit of account originally notionally equivalent to a French pound of silver. It was the chief currency of the Capetian dynasty before being generally replaced by the livre tournois ("Tours pound") under Philip II in the 13th century. Louis IX ceased minting it and it was finally abolished as a unit of account by Louis XIV in 1667.
Endla Wetland Complex
Endla Wetland Complex (Estonian: Endla soostik) is a wetland complex in Jõgeva County, Estonia. This complex is one of the biggest wetland massive in Estonia.

The area of the complex is 25,100 ha.

Part of the complex is under protection (Endla Nature Reserve).

Jõgeva County
Jõgeva County (Estonian: Jõgeva maakond or Jõgevamaa) is one of 15 counties of Estonia. It is located in the eastern part of the country, and it borders Ida-Viru County to the northeast, Lake Peipus to the east, Tartu County to the south, Viljandi County to the southwest, Järva County to the northwest, and Lääne-Viru County to the north.
Boro Maa
Boro Maa (Bengali: বড়মা; c. 1918 – 5 March 2019) was a matriarch of the Matua Mahasangha, a Hindu religious reformation movement. Her original name was Binapani Devi Thakur; the name "Boro Maa" translates to "elder mother", an epithet for universal mother of Matua Community. She along with her husband Pramatha Ranjan Thakur established the community's new capital at Thakurnagar.

Mamata Bala Thakur
Mamata Thakur (born 15 May 1967), is an Indian politician and member of Rajya Sabha from West Bengal, and belongs to the Trinamool Congress. She was elected to the Lok Sabha in a 2015 by-election, representing Bangaon from the TMC. She came second in 2019 election, losing to BJP's candidate.

Mamata Thakur was nominated as Trinamool Congress party's candidate for the  Rajya Sabha polls in 2024.
Dande
Dande is a municipality in the Bengo Province of Angola, with its seat in the city of Caxito. It is the capital municipality of the said province.

In 2024, it had 145,798 inhabitants. It is bordered to the north by the municipalities of Ambriz and Nambuangongo, to the east by the municipalities of Dembos and Pango Aluquém, to the south by the municipalities of Cambambe and Ícolo e Bengo, and to the west by the municipality of Cacuaco and the Atlantic Ocean.

As of 2019, the municipality consists of the central commune, corresponding to the city of Caxito, and the communes of Barra do Dande, Mabubas, Quicabo, and Úcua.

Cambambe
Cambambe is a municipality in Cuanza Norte Province in Angola. It is the site of a hydroelectric dam on the Cuanza River. Cambambe also contains ruins from the 17th-century Portuguese settlement of the area, including the Church of Nossa Senhora do Rosario and the Fortress of Kambambe. The municipality had a population of 90,766 in 2014.
Fannin-Cooper Farm
The Fannin-Cooper Farm, near Hiram in Paulding County, Georgia, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.  It is spread across both sides of Smith Road, including parcels at 620 and 511 Smith Rd., and is located about 7 miles (11 km) east of Paulding County seat Dallas, Georgia.

Its main farmhouse, built in 1887, is a one-story, central hall plan house with a shed-roof front porch.

Central-passage house
The central-passage house, also known variously as central hall plan house, center-hall house, hall-passage-parlor house, Williamsburg cottage, and Tidewater-type cottage, was a vernacular, or folk form, house type from the colonial period onward into the 19th century in the United States.
Porius: A Romance of the Dark Ages
Porius: A Romance of the Dark Ages is a 1951 historical romance by John Cowper Powys. Set in the Dark Ages during a week of autumn 499 AD, this novel is, in part, a bildungsroman, with the adventures of the eponymous protagonist Porius, heir to the throne of Edeyrnion, in North Wales, at its centre. The novel draws from both Arthurian legend and Welsh history and mythology, with Myrddin (Merlin) as another major character. The invasion of Wales by the Saxons and the rise of the new religion of Christianity are central themes. Due to the demands of publishers and a paper shortage in Britain, Powys was forced to excise more than 500 pages from the 1951 version. It wasn't until 2007 that the full novel, as Powys intended his magnum opus to be, was published both in Britain and America.

Four Branches of the Mabinogi
The Four Branches of the Mabinogi or Pedair Cainc Y Mabinogi are the earliest prose stories in the literature of Britain. Originally written in Wales in Middle Welsh, but widely available in translations, the Mabinogi is generally agreed to be a single work in four parts, or "branches." The interrelated tales can be read as mythology, political themes, romances, or magical fantasies. The tales are popular today in book format, as storytelling or theatre performances; they appear in recordings and on film, and continue to inspire reinterpretations in artwork and modern fiction, such as the New Stories of the Mabinogion series and The Assembly of the Severed Head by Hugh Lupton.
F. R. Ellis
Francis Robert Ellis, CMG (5 May 1849 – 25 November 1915) was the 22nd Auditor General and Accountant General and Controller of Revenue of Ceylon (now Sri Lanka).

He was born the son of Colonel F. Ellis.

He joined the Colonial Service in Ceylon as a writer in 1871 and became Judge of Ratnapura in 1883, Police Magistrate in Colombo in 1885 and Director and Inspector-General of Prisons, Ceylon in 1891. He progressed to Government Agent of the Southern Province in 1897 and of Western Province the same year.

He was appointed Auditor General on 1 March 1902, succeeding William Thomas Taylor, and held the office until 1 March 1907, when he was succeeded by Bernard Senior.

He then transferred to British North Borneo as Governor in 1911.

He married Lucy, daughter of D. B. Thornton of St. Petersburg.

Governor of North Borneo
The Governor of North Borneo was the appointed head of the government of North Borneo.

Originally the Governor was appointed by the North Borneo Chartered Company, which was responsible for the administration of the protectorate.  Upon North Borneo becoming a Crown colony in 1946, in the aftermath of the Second World War, the Governor of British North Borneo became an appointee of the Crown (i.e. of the Government of the United Kingdom).
Jamaitgarh Alias Khosa
Jamaitgarh Alias Khosa is a village in Nakodar in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 8 km from Nakodar, 28 km from Kapurthala, 26 km from district headquarter Jalandhar and 164 km from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per Panchayati raj (India).

Nakodar
Nakodar is a town and a municipal council in Jalandhar district in the Indian state of Punjab.

The city is almost 365 km from Delhi, 25 km from Jalandhar, 49 km from Ludhiana, and about 101 km from Amritsar. Surrounding villages include Chak Mughlani, Maheru, Allowal, Mehatpur (Haripur) (Bhullar) Nawan Pind Jattan, Heran, Bir Pind, (Aulakh), Shankar, Nur Pur Chatha, Sarih, Malri, Khanpur Dhadda, Uggi, and Malhian Kalan.

The town is well paved and currently forms a Tehsil of District Jalandhar. Outside the town, there are two large tombs dating from the times of Emperor Jahangir, later one of them is said to be the burial place of the adviser of Emperor Shah Jahan, but it is not known who stand buried in the earlier tomb.
Kuszyna
Kuszyna [kuˈʂɨna] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kiełczygłów, within Pajęczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) north-west of Kiełczygłów, 17 km (11 mi) north-west of Pajęczno, and 68 km (42 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Kiełczygłów
Kiełczygłów [kʲɛu̯ˈt͡ʂɨɡwuf] is a village in Pajęczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Kiełczygłów. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) north of Pajęczno and 70 km (43 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.
Chiral knot
In the mathematical field of knot theory, a chiral knot is a knot that is not equivalent to its mirror image (when identical while reversed). An oriented knot that is equivalent to its mirror image is an amphicheiral knot, also called an achiral knot. The chirality of a knot is a knot invariant. A knot's chirality can be further classified depending on whether or not it is invertible.

There are only five knot symmetry types, indicated by chirality and invertibility: fully chiral, invertible, positively amphicheiral noninvertible, negatively amphicheiral noninvertible, and fully amphicheiral invertible.

Trefoil knot
In knot theory, a branch of mathematics, the trefoil knot is the simplest example of a nontrivial knot. The trefoil can be obtained by joining the two loose ends of a common overhand knot, resulting in a knotted loop. As the simplest knot, the trefoil is fundamental to the study of mathematical knot theory.

The trefoil knot is named after the three-leaf clover (or trefoil) plant.
Nykaa
FSN E-Commerce Ventures Ltd, doing business as Nykaa, is an Indian retail company, headquartered in Mumbai. It sells beauty, wellness and fashion products online and through physical stores. It also operates an eB2B distribution business called Superstore by Nykaa.

In 2020, it became the first Indian unicorn startup headed by a woman.  Nykaa was listed on the National Stock Exchange and Bombay Stock Exchange in November 2021 following its initial public offering.

Bombay Stock Exchange
BSE Limited, also known as the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE), is an Indian stock exchange based in Mumbai. Established in 1875, it is the oldest stock exchange in Asia, and also the tenth oldest in the world. It is the 6th largest stock exchange in the world by total market capitalisation, exceeding $5 trillion in May 2024.
Tsakona Arch Bridge
The Tsakona Arch Bridge (Greek: Τοξωτή Γέφυρα Τσακώνας), located in Arcadia, southern Greece, is one of the world's longest multi-span arch bridges. It crosses the Tsakona Valley, spanning a dangerous location near Megalopoli where there have been many landslides.

Megalopolis, Greece
Megalopoli (Greek: Μεγαλόπολη, Megalopoli) is a town in the southwestern part of the regional unit of Arcadia, southern Greece. It is located on the same site as ancient Megalopolis (Ancient Greek: Μεγαλόπολις, romanized: Megalópolis, lit. 'large/great city'). When it was founded in 371 BC, it was the first large urbanization in rustic Arcadia. Its theatre had a capacity of 20,000 visitors, making it one of the largest ancient Greek theatres.

Today, Megalopoli has several schools, shops, churches, hotels and other services. The population of Megalopoli in 2021 was 5,344 residents.
Orthogonalization
In linear algebra, orthogonalization is the process of finding a set of orthogonal vectors that span a particular subspace.  Formally, starting with a linearly independent set of vectors {v1, ... , vk} in an inner product space (most commonly the Euclidean space Rn), orthogonalization results in a set of orthogonal vectors {u1, ... , uk} that generate the same subspace as the vectors v1, ... , vk.  Every vector in the new set is orthogonal to every other vector in the new set; and the new set and the old set have the same linear span.

In addition, if we want the resulting vectors to all be unit vectors, then we normalize each vector and the procedure is called orthonormalization.

Orthogonalization is also possible with respect to any symmetric bilinear form (not necessarily an inner product, not necessarily over real numbers), but standard algorithms may encounter division by zero in this more general setting.

Linear subspace
In mathematics, and more specifically in linear algebra, a linear subspace or vector subspace is a vector space that is a subset of some larger vector space. A linear subspace is usually simply called a subspace when the context serves to distinguish it from other types of subspaces.
Pure submodule
In mathematics, especially in the field of module theory, the concept of pure submodule provides a generalization of direct summand, a type of particularly well-behaved piece of a module.  Pure modules are complementary to flat modules and generalize Prüfer's notion of pure subgroups.  While flat modules are those modules which leave short exact sequences exact after tensoring, a pure submodule defines a short exact sequence (known as a pure exact sequence) that remains exact after tensoring with any module.  Similarly a flat module is a direct limit of projective modules, and a pure exact sequence is a direct limit of split exact sequences.

Projective module
In mathematics, particularly in algebra, the class of projective modules enlarges the class of free modules (that is, modules with basis vectors) over a ring, keeping some of the main properties of free modules. Various equivalent characterizations of these modules appear below.

Every free module is a projective module, but the converse fails to hold over some rings, such as Dedekind rings that are not principal ideal domains. However, every projective module is a free module if the ring is a principal ideal domain such as the integers, or a (multivariate) polynomial ring over a field (this is the Quillen–Suslin theorem).

Projective modules were first introduced in 1956 in the influential book Homological Algebra by Henri Cartan and Samuel Eilenberg.
You Know They Got a Hell of a Band
"You Know They Got a Hell of a Band" is a 1992 horror short story by American writer Stephen King. It was first published January 1992 in the horror anthology Shock Rock and later included in King's collection Nightmares & Dreamscapes. It concerns a young couple on a road trip in Oregon when they accidentally wander into a small town inhabited by dead rock and roll legends.

The title of the work, and the name of the town—Rock and Roll Heaven—both come from the chorus of "Rock and Roll Heaven", a song first recorded by Climax in 1973 which became a Top 10 hit by The Righteous Brothers the following year.

Frankie Lymon
Franklin Joseph Lymon (September 30, 1942 – February 27, 1968) was an American rock and roll/rhythm and blues singer and songwriter, dancer and composer best known as the boy soprano lead singer of the New York City-based early rock and roll doo-wop group the Teenagers. The group was composed of five boys, all in their early to mid-teens. The original lineup of the Teenagers, an integrated group, included three African-American members, Lymon, Jimmy Merchant, and Sherman Garnes; and two Puerto Rican members, Joe Negroni and Herman Santiago. The Teenagers' first single, 1956's "Why Do Fools Fall in Love", was also their biggest hit. After Lymon went solo in mid-1957, both his career and that of the Teenagers fell into decline. In 1968, Lymon was found dead at age 25 from a heroin overdose. He was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1993 as a member of the Teenagers. Lymon's life was dramatized in the 1998 film Why Do Fools Fall in Love.