hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rabi'a ibn Mani' al-Muraydi
Rabi'a ibn Mani' ibn Rabi'a ibn al-Muraydi (Arabic: ربيعة بن مانع بن ربيعة المريدي) was the second emir of Diriyah beginning in 1463, and son of the founder of the emirate. Rabi'a assumed the kingship of Diriyah after his father's death and continued on the throne until his son Musa overthrew him. Musa tried to assassinate his father in the coup, but Rabi'a managed to escape and fled to the Emirate of al-Uyaynah, where Hamad ibn Hassan gave him refuge.

Diriyah
Diriyah (Arabic: الدِرْعِيّة, romanized: ad-Dir‘īyah, lit. 'place of armor'; formerly romanized as Dereyeh and Dariyya) is a town and governorate in Saudi Arabia. Located on the northwestern outskirts of the Saudi capital, Riyadh, Diriyah was the original home of the House of Saud, and served as the capital of the Emirate of Diriyah under the first Saudi dynasty from 1727 to 1818. Today, the town is the seat of the Diriyah Governorate, which also includes the villages of Uyayna, Jubayla, and Al-Ammariyyah, among others—and is part of Riyadh Province.

At-Turaif District, the first capital of Saudis in Diriyah, was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2010. The layout of the city itself can be studied in the National Museum of Saudi Arabia with the help of a large-scale detailed model of the city on display there. Diriyah also hosted the Diriyah ePrix race for the Formula E championship from 2018–2024.
Sarnami Hindustani
Sarnámi Hindustáni (Sarnami Hindustani, Sarnami Hindoestani, Sarnami) is an Indo-Aryan koiné language and the Surinamese variety of Caribbean Hindustani. The language originated from a mixture of the various languages and dialects  spoken by British Indian indentured labourers. The Indo-Aryan languages that formed the basis for the development of Sarnami consist of  Magahi ('Bhojpuri'), Awadhi and Hindustani (Hindi–Urdu), and to a lesser degree from other Bihari and Hindi languages, such as Magahi, Maithili and Braj. It also contains Influence and vocabulary taken from Dutch, English, and to a lesser extent Portuguese and loanwords from other Surinamese languages such as Sranan Tongo.

Sarnami is considered to be the mother tongue of the Indo-Surinamese people and is mainly spoken in the Nickerie and Saramacca districts of Suriname, and due to migration in the Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles, Guyana, United States, Canada, and French Guiana.

Maithili language
Maithili (Tirhuta: 𑒧𑒻𑒟𑒱𑒪𑒲, /ˈmaɪtɪli/ MY-til-ee, Maithili: [ˈməi̯tʰɪliː]) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in parts of India and Nepal. It is native to the Mithila region, which encompasses parts of the eastern Indian states of Bihar and Jharkhand as well as Nepal's Koshi and Madhesh Provinces. It is one of the 22 scheduled languages of India. It is the second most commonly spoken native Nepalese language constitutionally registered as one of the fourteen provincial official languages of Nepal.

It is spoken by 21.7 million people. Of those, 3.2 million are Nepalese speakers. The language is predominantly written in Devanagari, but the historical Tirhuta and Kaithi scripts retain some use until today.
Clostridioides difficile toxin B
Clostridioides difficile toxin B (TcdB) is a cytotoxin produced by the bacteria Clostridioides difficile. It is one of two major kinds of toxins produced by C. difficile, the other being a related enterotoxin (Toxin A). Both are very potent and lethal.

Toxin
A toxin is a naturally occurring poison produced by metabolic activities of living cells or organisms. They occur especially as proteins, often conjugated. The term was first used by organic chemist Ludwig Brieger (1849–1919), derived from toxic.

Toxins can be small molecules, peptides, or proteins that are capable of causing disease on contact with or absorption by body tissues interacting with biological macromolecules such as enzymes or cellular receptors. They vary greatly in their toxicity, ranging from usually minor (such as a bee sting) to potentially fatal even at extremely low doses (such as botulinum toxin).
Emmy-Winning Episode
"Emmy-Winning Episode" is the sixteenth season premiere of the American animated sitcom Family Guy, and the 290th episode overall. It aired on Fox in the United States on October 1, 2017, and is written by Aaron Lee and directed by James Purdum, Dominic Bianchi, and Peter Shin, with James R. Bagdonas directing the live-action chicken fight. Guest voices include Louis C.K., Jonathan Kite, Bill Maher, Miriam Margolyes, Christina Pickles, Modern Family cast members Ty Burrell, Julie Bowen, and Sofía Vergara, and a live-action cameo from Asa Akira.

Julie Bowen
Julie Bowen (born Julie Bowen Luetkemeyer; March 3, 1970) is an American actress. She is best known as Claire Dunphy in ABC sitcom Modern Family (2009–2020), for which she received widespread critical acclaim, winning two Primetime Emmy Awards.

Bowen also starred as Roxanne Please in NBC medical drama series ER (1998–1999), Carol Vessey in the NBC comedy-drama series Ed (2000–2004), and Denise Bauer in the ABC legal drama series Boston Legal (2005–2007), and recurred as Sarah Shephard in the ABC drama series Lost (2005–2007).

Bowen has appeared in many films, such as Happy Gilmore (1996), Multiplicity (1996), Joe Somebody (2001), Horrible Bosses (2011), Life of the Party (2018), Hubie Halloween (2020), The Fallout (2021), Totally Killer (2023), and Happy Gilmore 2 (2025).
Parc de la Tête d'or
The Parc de la Tête d'or (French pronunciation: [paʁk d(ə) la tɛt dɔʁ]; English: "Park of the Head of Gold") is the largest urban park in Lyon, France, with an area of approximately 117 hectares (290 acres). Located in the northern part of its 6th arrondissement, it features the Jardin botanique de Lyon, as well as a lake on which boating takes place during the summer months. Due to the relatively small number of other parks in Lyon, it receives a huge number of visitors over summer; it is a frequent destination for joggers and cyclists.

In the park's central part, there is a small zoo without charge, which includes giraffes, deer, reptiles, primates, along with other animals. There are also sports equipments, such as a velodrome, boules court, mini-golf and equestrian facility, in addition to a mini-train.

Velodrome
A velodrome is an arena for track cycling. Modern velodromes feature steeply banked oval tracks, consisting of two 180-degree circular bends connected by two straights. The straights transition to the circular turn through a moderate easement curve.
James Boyle (broadcasting)
James Boyle (born 29 March 1946) was Chairman of the National Library of Scotland until 2016, Chairman of the British Council in Scotland and was formerly Chairman of the Scottish Arts Council, Chairman of the Scottish Government's Cultural Commission, Controller of BBC Radio 4, Head of BBC Radio Scotland and co-founder of the UNESCO World City of Literature and World City of Music Programs. He has also served on the board of Napier University and as a UK Civil Service Commissioner. He was educated at the University of Strathclyde (BA, 1969) and the University of East Anglia (MA, 1971).

In March 2016 Boyle was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Scotland's National Academy for science and letters.

BBC Radio Scotland
BBC Radio Scotland is a Scottish national radio network owned and operated by BBC Scotland, a division of the BBC. It broadcasts a wide variety of programmes. It replaced the Scottish BBC Radio 4 opt-out service of the same name from 23 November 1978. The station is broadcast from the BBC Scotland studios at Pacific Quay in Glasgow.

Radio Scotland is broadcast in English, whilst sister station Radio nan Gàidheal broadcasts in Scottish Gaelic.

According to RAJAR, the station broadcasts to a weekly audience of 793,000 and has a listening share of 5.7% as of October 2025.

Since August 2025, the station has been led by Victoria Easton-Riley, a former Bauer executive.
WJZ-FM
WJZ-FM (105.7 MHz) is a commercial radio station licensed to Catonsville, Maryland, and serving the Baltimore metropolitan area. The station is owned by Audacy, Inc. through licensee Audacy License, LLC, and it broadcasts a sports radio format. Local shows are heard on weekdays, with programming from the Infinity Sports Network airing nights and weekends. The station's studios and offices are located in Towson.

WJZ-FM has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 50,000 watts. The transmitter is located off Moravia Road in Baltimore's Frankford neighborhood at (39°19′26.4″N 76°32′54.8″W﻿ / ﻿39.324000°N 76.548556°W﻿ / 39.324000; -76.548556). WJZ-FM broadcasts using HD Radio technology. The HD2 digital subchannel carries the Bloomberg Radio business news format heard on WDCH-FM, while the HD3 subchannel rebroadcasts co-owned WJZ (1300 AM), which primarily carries BetQL Network programming.

Digital subchannel
In broadcasting, digital subchannels are a method of transmitting more than one independent program stream simultaneously from the same digital radio or television station on the same radio frequency channel. This is done by using data compression techniques to reduce the size of each individual program stream, and multiplexing to combine them into a single signal. The practice is sometimes called "multicasting".
Sizeof
sizeof is a unary operator in the C and C++ programming languages that evaluates to the storage size of an expression or a data type, measured in units sized as char. Consequently, the expression sizeof(char) evaluates to 1. The number of bits of type char is specified by the preprocessor macro CHAR_BIT, defined in the standard include file <limits.h>. On most modern computing platforms this is eight bits. The result of sizeof is an unsigned integer that is usually typed as size_t.

The operator accepts a single operand which is either a data type expressed as a cast – the name of a data type enclosed in parentheses – or a non-type expression for which parentheses are not required.

Expression (computer science)
In computer science, an expression is a syntactic entity in a programming language that may be evaluated to determine its value of a specific semantic type. It is a combination of one or more constants, variables, functions, and operators that the programming language interprets (according to its particular rules of precedence and of association) and computes to produce ("to return", in a stateful environment) another value.
In simple settings, the resulting value is usually one of various primitive types, such as string, boolean, or numerical (such as integer, floating-point, or complex).

Expressions are often contrasted with statements—syntactic entities that have no value (an instruction).
Adachi Kagemori
Adachi Kagemori (安達 景盛) (died 1248) was a Japanese warrior. He was part of the Adachi clan, and then he joined the Hojo clan. He was the son of Adachi Morinaga, who was a close advisor to Minamoto no Yoritomo. Kagemori played a significant role as a gokenin and was a trusted advisor to  Minamoto no Sanetomo

Kagemori's influence and loyalty to the Hojo clan helped solidify the Adachi clan's power in the provinces of Musashi, Kozuke, and Dewa.

Adachi Morinaga
Adachi Morinaga (安達 盛長) (1135–1200) was a Japanese warrior from the Adachi clan who fought for Minamoto no Yoritomo against the Taira.  Morinaga had already supported Yoritomo while he lived in exile in Izu province. In 1180, he was sent by Yoritomo to offers prayers at Mishima Shrine on Yoritomo's behalf.

After the wars, he became a monk and took the name Rensai (蓮西).
Jun Li (chemist)
Jun Li (born 1966) is a distinguished professor of chemistry at Kansas State University known for his research in nanoscience and nanomaterials. He is a fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry, the National Academy of Inventors, and the International Association of Advanced Materials.

He has published over 200 journal articles with h-index 59, proceeding papers, and book chapters, and is the co-inventor of over 30 nanotechnology patent applications. He co-edited a book on Biosensors based on Nanomaterials and Devices in 2014. He is a senior editor of IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology. He is also a recipient of the 2005 Nano 50 Innovator Awards by Nanotech Briefs.

Nanomaterials
Nanomaterials describe, in principle, chemical substances or materials of which a single unit is sized (in at least one dimension) between 1 and 100 nm (the usual definition of nanoscale).

Nanomaterials research takes a materials science-based approach to nanotechnology, leveraging advances in materials metrology and synthesis which have been developed in support of microfabrication research. Materials with structure at the nanoscale often have unique optical, electronic, thermo-physical or mechanical properties.

Nanomaterials are slowly becoming commercialized and beginning to emerge as commodities.
The Miraculous Draught of Fishes (Jordaens)
The Miraculous Draught of Fish or Peter Finding the Coin in the Mouth of a Fish is an oil on panel painting currently attributed to the Flemish artist Jacob Jordaens and dated to c. 1618-1620. It is in the collection of the Musée des Beaux-Arts of Strasbourg.  The subject of the painting has traditionally been identified as one of the two stories of the miraculous draught of fish as told in the New Testament. Jordaens had already treated this subject earlier in the Miraculous Catch of Fish in the St. James' Church of Antwerp. The observation that Saint Peter appears to be looking for a coin in the mouth of the fish suggests that it may depict another New Testament story, i.e. the story of Peter looking to retrieve a silver coin from the mouth of a fish to pay the tribute (or temple) money. The latter subject has been treated by Jordaens in two other compositions.

Musée des Beaux-Arts de Strasbourg
The Musée des Beaux-Arts de Strasbourg (Museum of Fine Arts of Strasbourg) is the old masters paintings collection of the city of Strasbourg, located in the Alsace region of France. The museum is housed in the first and second floors of the baroque Palais Rohan since 1898. The museum displays works by non-Upper Rhenish artists from between the 14th century and 1871 and by Upper Rhenish artist from between 1681 and 1871. The museum owned 1,934 works as of 31 December 2015, this number has substantially increased since (see below). The old masters from the upper-Rhenish area until 1681 are exhibited in the neighboring Musée de l’Œuvre Notre-Dame.
Kathryn Stott
Kathryn Stott (born 10 December 1958) is an English classical pianist who performs as a concerto soloist, recitalist and chamber musician. Her specialities include the English and French classical repertoire, contemporary classical music and the tango. She is a professor at the Royal Northern College of Music, Manchester and has organised several music festivals and concert series.

Grove Music Online describes Stott's playing as "marked by a vivid sense of immediacy and personal communication." A review of her fiftieth birthday gala concert in The Times describes her as "one of the most versatile pianists on the circuit".

Tango
Tango is a partner dance and social Latin dance that originated in the 1880s along the Río de la Plata, the natural border between Argentina and Uruguay. The tango was born in the impoverished port areas of these countries from a combination of Argentine Milonga, Spanish-Cuban Habanera, and Uruguayan Candombe celebrations. It was frequently practiced in the brothels and bars of ports, where business owners employed bands to entertain their patrons. It then spread to the rest of the world. A number of variations of this dance currently exist around the world.

On August 31, 2009, UNESCO approved a joint proposal by Argentina and Uruguay to include the tango in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists.
Groote Schuur Zoo
The Groote Schuur Zoo was a 2-hectare (4.9-acre) zoo in Cape Town, South Africa. Established in 1931 at the request of deceased Cecil Rhodes, it was free of charge and a very popular attraction in Cape Town until its closure sometime between 1975 and 1985. The zoo shut down due to a combination of the financial burden that the Apartheid government faced and an increase in animal welfare standards.
During its operation, it housed many animals including lions, emus, crocodiles and tahrs.
The zoo can still be visited today, as it has been abandoned and left open to the public. The most prominent feature of the zoo is the Lion's Den, both when it was open and today where it still stands, full of overgrown vegetation.

Tahr
Tahrs (/tɑːrz/ TARZ, /tɛərz/ TAIRZ) or tehrs (/tɛərz/ TAIRZ) are large artiodactyl ungulates related to goats and sheep. There are three species, all native to Asia. Previously thought to be closely related to each other and placed in a single genus, Hemitragus, genetic studies have since proven that they are not so closely related and they are now considered as members of three separate monotypic genera: Hemitragus is now reserved for the Himalayan tahr, Nilgiritragus for the Nilgiri tahr, and Arabitragus for the Arabian tahr.
Gerlev
Gerlev is a town in the Frederikssund Municipality in North Zealand, Denmark. It is located on Hornsherred, five kilometers south of Jægerspris and six kilometers southwest of Frederikssund. As of 2025, it has a population of 1,057.

Jægerspris
Jægerspris is a town, with a population of 4,156 (1 January 2025), in eastern Denmark. It is situated in Region Hovedstaden, 6 km northwest of Frederikssund, on the northern part of the island of Zealand (Sjælland).

The town was established ca. 1870 around Jægerspris Castle, which is surrounded by kilometres of hiking and biking trails in the Jægerspris forest.

It was the municipal seat of the former Jægerspris Municipality (Danish, Kommune), until 1 January 2007.
Reggaetonera
"Reggaetonera" is a song by Puerto Rican rapper and singer Anuel AA. It was released on May 29, 2020, through Real Hasta la Muerte and Sony Latin as a track on his second studio album Emmanuel. A Music video was released on June 19, 2020.

Emmanuel (album)
Emmanuel is the second studio album by Puerto Rican rapper Anuel AA, released on May 29, 2020. The 22-track double album features collaborations from Travis Barker, Tego Calderón, Bad Bunny, Enrique Iglesias, Farruko, Zion, Lil Wayne, Kendo Kaponi, Yandel, Ñengo Flow, Mariah Angeliq, Karol G, Daddy Yankee, Ozuna and J Balvin.
Alexis Sablone
Alexis Sablone (born August 12, 1986) is a goofy-footed American professional skateboarder, who ranked 12th in the world as of July 2021. She has competed in every X Games competition since 2009, the World Skateboarding Championship, and skated on the Dew Tour. Sablone competed in the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, placing 4th in the women's street final. In addition to being a professional skateboarder, Sablone has a master's degree in architecture from MIT. She currently resides in Crown Heights, Brooklyn.

World Skateboarding Championship
The World Skateboarding Championship is an annual competition of men's and women's park skateboarding and street skateboarding, organized by World Skate (WS). Until 2017, the two disciplines were contested in separate tournaments, known as the Vans Park Series World Championship, for park skateboarding, and SLS Super Crown World Championship for street skateboarding.

Due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, World Skate banned Russian and Belarusian athletes and officials from its competitions, and will not stage any events in Russia or Belarus in 2022. In 2022, World Skate organised the first Vert skateboarding world championship which was included as part of the 2022 World Skate Games.
Kjetil Tronvoll
Kjetil Tronvoll is a peace and conflict studies researcher, specialising in Eritrea, Ethiopia and Zanzibar. As of 2021, he is a professor of peace and conflict studies at Bjørknes University College and heads a consultancy firm Oslo Analytica.

Oslo New University College
Oslo New University College (Norwegian: Oslo Nye Høyskole) is a private, regional college offering courses at bachelor and masters level in health sciences, psychology, economics, digital marketing and humanities. Based in St. Hanshaugen in Oslo, Norway, the college has an enrollment of 2,800 students, including those studying via the Internet.

Programs offered is psychology, medical foundation, peace and conflict studies, economics and marketing, as well as bachelor programs in nutrition, and peace and conflict studies. Bi-national programs offer up to one year of studies in Oslo, with the rest at foreign universities. Programs consist of medicine, physiotherapy, chiropractic studies and peace and conflict studies.
Juan Manuel Correa
Juan Manuel "J.M." Correa Borja (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈxwam maˈnwel koˈre.a ˈβoɾxa]; born August 9, 1999) is an American-Ecuadorian racing driver who currently competes in the 2025 Indy NXT with HMD Motorsports. He previously competed in the FIA Formula 2 Championship from 2022 and 2024 with Van Amersfoort Racing and DAMS Lucas Oil. Aside from his single-seater career, he has also competed as a silver-ranked driver in the LMP2 category, winning a race in the European Le Mans Series.

In 2019, Correa sustained critical leg injuries in an accident at Spa-Francorchamps in Formula 2, which led to the death of fellow driver Anthoine Hubert. After skipping a year to focus on his recovery, Correa went on to drive in FIA F3 with ART Grand Prix before returning to Formula 2 at the end of 2022.

Correa is the grandson of former President of Ecuador Rodrigo Borja Cevallos, making him a descendant of Pope Alexander VI.

ART Grand Prix
ART Grand Prix is a French motor racing team that competes in formula single-seaters in Europe. In 2012, it competed in the GP2 Series and GP3 Series as Lotus GP to reflect sponsorship from British sports and racing car manufacturer Lotus. The team competed as Lotus ART in 2011.
Mataco–Guaicuru languages
Mataguayo–Guaicuru, Mataco–Guaicuru or Macro-Waikurúan is a proposed language family consisting of the Mataguayan and Guaicuruan languages, as well as the language isolates Guachi and Payagua. Pedro Viegas Barros claims to have demonstrated it. These languages are spoken in Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Bolivia.

Guaicuruan languages
Guaicuruan (Guaykuruan, Waikurúan, Guaycuruano, Guaikurú, Guaicuru, Guaycuruana) is a language family spoken in northern Argentina, western Paraguay, and Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul).  The speakers of the languages are often collectively called the Guaycuru peoples. For the most part, the Guaycuruans lived in the Gran Chaco and were nomadic and warlike, until finally subdued by the various countries of the region in the 19th century.
Isenhagen Abbey
Isenhagen Abbey (German: Kloster Isenhagen) is an Evangelical Lutheran convent in Hankensbüttel in the district of Gifhorn in the German state of Lower Saxony. It was a nunnery founded by the Cistercian order, now serving as a Lutheran women's convent. It is managed by the monastic chamber in Hanover.

Hankensbüttel
Hankensbüttel is a municipality in the Samtgemeinde Hankensbüttel in the district of Gifhorn, Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated approximately 25 km south of Uelzen, and 30 km north of Gifhorn. The Municipality Hankensbüttel includes the villages of Alt Isenhagen, Emmen and Hankensbüttel.

Lutheran church

Old monastery

Main building of the Otter Centre

Inn