hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Grain Futures Act
The Grain Futures Act (ch. 369, 42 Stat. 998, 7 U.S.C. § 1) is a United States federal law enacted September 21, 1922 involving the regulation of trading in certain commodity futures, and causing the establishment of the Grain Futures Administration, a predecessor organization to the Commodity Futures Trading Commission.

The bill that became the Grain Futures Act was introduced in the United States Congress two weeks after the US Supreme Court declared the Futures Trading Act of 1921 unconstitutional in Hill v. Wallace 259 U.S. 44 (1922).  The Grain Futures Act was held to be constitutional by the US Supreme Court in Board of Trade of City of Chicago v. Olsen 262 US 1 (1923).

In 1936 it was revised into the Commodity Exchange Act (CEA). The act was further superseded in 1974 by establishing the Commodity Futures Trading Commission. In 1982 the Commodity Futures Trading Commission created the National Futures Association (NFA).

National Futures Association
The National Futures Association (NFA) is the self-regulatory organization (SRO) for the U.S. derivatives industry, including on-exchange traded futures, retail off-exchange foreign currency (forex), and over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives (swaps).  NFA is headquartered in Chicago and maintains an office in New York City.  NFA is a non-profit, independent regulatory organization.  NFA does not operate any markets and is not a trade association.  NFA is financed from membership dues and assessment fees, and membership is mandatory for many market participants.
Mohn bar
Mohn bar, also known as mon bar, or poppy seed bar, is an Ashkenazi Jewish baked good consisting of a shortcrust pastry base with a sweet mohn (poppy seed) filling, and a streusel/crumb topping. It may be commonly found at kosher bakeries and Jewish delis across the United States.

Streusel
In baking and pastry making, streusel (German pronunciation: [ˈʃtʁɔʏzl̩] ⓘ) is a crumbly topping of flour, butter, and sugar that is baked on top of muffins, breads, pies, and cakes. Some modern recipes add spices and chopped nuts. The mixture can also be layered or ribboned in the middle of a cake.

Some baked dishes which have a streusel topping are streuselkuchen, coffee cake, babka, and apple crisp.

The term is also sometimes used for rich pastries topped with, or mixed with, streusel.
Large-calibre artillery
The formal definition of large-calibre artillery used by the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms (UNROCA) is "guns, howitzers, artillery pieces, combining the characteristics of a gun, howitzer, mortar, or rocket, capable of engaging surface targets by delivering primarily indirect fire, with a calibre of 76.2 mm (3.00 in) and above". This definition, shared by the Arms Trade Treaty and the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe, is updated from an earlier definition in United Nations General Assembly Resolution 46/36L, which set a threshold of 100 mm (3.9 in). The threshold was lowered in 2003 to yield the current definition, as endorsed by UN General Assembly Resolution 58/54.

Historically, large-calibre weapons have included bombards and siege guns.

Field gun
A field gun is a field artillery piece. Originally the term referred to smaller guns that could accompany a field army on the march, that when in combat could be moved about the battlefield in response to changing circumstances (field artillery), as opposed to guns installed in a fort (garrison artillery or coastal artillery), or to siege cannons and mortars which are too large to be moved quickly, and would be used only in a prolonged siege.

Perhaps the most famous use of the field gun in terms of advanced tactics was Napoleon Bonaparte's use of very large wheels on the guns that allowed them to be moved quickly even during a battle. By moving the guns from point to point during a battle, enemy formations could be broken up to be handled by the infantry or cavalry wherever they were massing, dramatically increasing the overall effectiveness of the attack.
Dubarry Park
Dubarry Park is a rugby union stadium in Cornamangh townland, near the Coosan area of Athlone, County Westmeath, Ireland. It is the home ground of Buccaneers RFC and has a capacity of 10,000 spectators. Between 2005 and 2015, it hosted Ireland's home matches in the Six Nations Under 20s Championship.

Six Nations Under 20s Championship
The Six Nations Under 20s Championship is an international rugby union tournament. It is the under-20s equivalent of the Six Nations Championship. Originally the tournament was in an under-21 format but changed to under-20s in 2008. England were the inaugural winners and they have gone on to be the tournament's most successful team, winning ten titles. Their last title came in 2024. The tournament is played annually during February and March on the same weekends as the senior men's Six Nations.
Estonia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2002
Estonia was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2002 with the song "Runaway", written by Pearu Paulus, Ilmar Laisaar, Alar Kotkas, and Jana Hallas, and performed by Sahlene. The Estonian participating broadcaster, Eesti Televisioon (ETV) organised the national final Eurolaul 2002 in order to select its entry for the contest. In addition, ETV was also the host broadcaster and staged the event at the Saku Suurhall in Tallinn, after winning the previous edition with the song "Everybody" performed by Tanel Padar, Dave Benton, and 2XL.

Ten songs competed in the national final and "Runaway" performed by Sahlene was selected as the winner by an international jury panel. As the host country, Estonia competed in the Eurovision Song Contest which took place on 25 May 2002. Performing during the show in position 8, Estonia placed third out of the 24 participating countries with 111 points.

Everybody (Tanel Padar and Dave Benton song)
"Everybody" is a song recorded by Tanel Padar and Dave Benton, along with 2XL, with music composed by Ivar Must and lyrics written by Maian-Anna Kärmas. It represented Estonia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2001 held in Copenhagen, resulting in the country's only ever win at the contest and the first victory by one of the countries that debuted in the contest in the 1990s after the fall of the Iron Curtain.
Rodney Artmore
Rodney Dwayne Artmore (born June 14, 1974) is an American former professional football player. A defensive back, he played college football for the Garden City Broncbusters and Baylor Bears. After college, he was signed by the Green Bay Packers as an undrafted free agent in 1998. He played for them in five games as a backup in 1999 before being released in 2000.

Baylor Bears football
The Baylor Bears football team represents Baylor University in Division I FBS college football. They are a member of the Big 12 Conference.  After 64 seasons at the off-campus Baylor Stadium, renamed Floyd Casey Stadium in 1988, the Bears opened the new on-campus McLane Stadium for the 2014 season.
Amusement Park (Baekhyun song)
"Amusement Park" (Korean: 놀이공원; RR: norigongwon) is a song recorded by South Korean singer Baekhyun. It was released on December 21, 2020, by SM Entertainment and distributed by Dreamus, as the pre-release single of his third EP, Bambi.

The song is Baekhyun's fourth and final release of 2020, following "My Love", "On the Road", and "Candy".

Candy (Baekhyun song)
"Candy" is a song recorded by South Korean singer Baekhyun. It was released on May 25, 2020, by SM Entertainment as the lead single of his second extended play, Delight (2020). The song was written by Kenzie, while composed by Adrian McKinnon, Mike Daley, Mitchell Owens and Deez. Musically, "Candy" is described as a "trendy" R&B and pop song with instrumentation from synthesizers. The lyrics are playful and compare Baekhyun to various types of candy.

Upon release, "Candy" received generally positive reviews from music critics, who praised its production and sound. Commercially, the song debuted at number 4 on the Gaon Digital Chart and charted at number 16 on the US World Digital Song Sales chart. An accompanying dance-oriented music video was released in conjunction with the song. Baekhyun promoted the song on various South Korean music programs including Music Bank and Inkigayo.
Charles-Michel-Ange Challe
Charles-Michel-Ange Challe (French pronunciation: [ʃaʁlmiʃɛlɑ̃ʒ ʃal]; 13 February 1718 – 8 January 1778) was a French painter, draftsman and architect.

Having studied with Boucher and Le Moyne, he was one of the most appreciated painters of his time and enjoyed a huge success across Europe. His architectural drawings in the style of Piranesi contributed to his appointment in 1764 as Draftsman of the Chamber and the Cabinet of the King, charge for which he would produce many ephemeral architectures for parties and great royal funerals.

He played a pivotal role in the transition between rococo and classical styles and was one of the essential contributors to the creation of aesthetics known as the Louis XVI style.

Giovanni Battista Piranesi
Giovanni Battista (or Giambattista) Piranesi (Italian pronunciation: [dʒoˈvanni batˈtista piraˈneːzi; -eːsi]; also known as simply Piranesi; 4 October 1720 – 9 November 1778) was an Italian classical archaeologist, architect, and artist, famous for his etchings of Rome and of fictitious and atmospheric "prisons" (Carceri d'invenzione). He was the father of Francesco Piranesi, Laura Piranesi and Pietro Piranesi.
Murder in My Mind (film)
Murder in My Mind is a 1997 science fiction crime drama television film directed by Robert Iscove and starring Nicollette Sheridan, Stacy Keach, Peter Outerbridge, Peter Coyote, Ian Tracey and Peter Flemming. It was written by Tom Swale. The film premiered on CBS on February 19, 1997.

Peter Outerbridge
Peter Outerbridge (born June 30, 1966) is a Canadian actor, best known for his role as Ari Tasarov in the CW action series Nikita, Dr. David Sandström in the TMN series ReGenesis, Henrik "Hank" Johanssen in Orphan Black, Bob Corbett in Bomb Girls, William Easton in Saw VI, George Brown in the television film John A.: Birth of a Country, and Black Mask in Batwoman. He also played the lead role of Detective William Murdoch in a three-episode mini-series, The Murdoch Mysteries, in its initial run on Canadian television, with two episodes shown in 2004 and a third in 2005.
Andhaka
In Hindu literature, Andhaka (Sanskrit: अन्धक, IAST: Andhaka; lit. "He who darkens") refers to a malevolent asura, whose pride is vanquished by Shiva and Parvati.

His story finds mention in various Hindu texts, including the Matsya Purāṇa, the Kūrma Purāṇa, the Liṅga Purāṇa, the Padma Purana, and the Shiva Purana. He is believed to have one thousand heads, and one thousand arms, and also having two thousand eyes. In another version, he has two thousand arms, and two thousand legs. In some versions of his story, Andhaka is described as a son of Shiva and Parvati.

Linga Purana
The Linga Purana (लिङ्गपुराण, IAST: Liṅga-purāṇa) is one of the eighteen Mahapuranas, and a Shaivism text of Hinduism. The text's title Linga refers to the iconographical symbol for Shiva.

The author(s) and date of the Linga Purana are unknown, and estimates place the original text to have been composed between the 5th-10th century CE. The text exists in many versions and was likely revised over time and expanded. The extant text is structured into two parts, with a cumulative total of 163 chapters.

The text presents cosmology, mythology, seasons, festivals, geography, a tour guide for pilgrimage (Tirtha), a manual for the design and consecration of the Linga and Nandi, stotras, the importance of these icons, a description of Yoga with claims of its various benefits.
Billy Edwards Jr.
Billy Edwards Jr. (born January 11, 2003) is an American college football quarterback for the North Carolina Tar Heels. He previously played for the Wake Forest Demon Deacons,  Maryland Terrapins and Wisconsin Badgers.

Wake Forest Demon Deacons football
The Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team represents Wake Forest University in the sport of American football. The Demon Deacons compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Atlantic Division of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC). Wake Forest plays its home football games at Allegacy Federal Credit Union Stadium and is coached by Jake Dickert.

Wake Forest struggled in football for much of the second half of the 20th century. The university is the sixth-smallest school in FBS in terms of undergraduate enrollment (behind only Rice, Tulsa and the three FBS United States service academies). It is also the smallest school playing in a Power Five conference.  However, since the start of the 21st century, the Deacons have been mostly competitive, having made ten bowl games in the first two decades.
José Miguel Castro
José Miguel Castro Bascuñán (born 5 August 1974) is a Chilean politician who has served as President of the Chamber of Deputies of Chile since 2025. Castro was first elected to the chamber in 2017 as a member of National Renewal.

Chamber of Deputies of Chile
33°02′52″S 71°36′21″W﻿ / ﻿33.04778°S 71.60583°W﻿ / -33.04778; -71.60583

The Chamber of Deputies (Spanish: Cámara de Diputadas y Diputados) is the lower house of Chile's bicameral Congress. Its organisation and its powers and duties are defined in articles 42 to 59 of Chile's current constitution.
Marquis Ai of Jin
Marquis Ai of Jin (Chinese: 晉哀侯; pinyin: Jìn Āi Hóu), personal name Ji Guang, was a marquis of the Jin state. He reigned from 718 BC to 709 BC.

In 710 BC, Marquis Ai attacked a small state south of Jin known as Xingting (陘廷). The next year, Xingting, allied with Duke Wu of Quwo, sacked Yi (翼), the capital of Jin. Duke Wu of Quwo enlisted the help of his half-uncle, Viscount Wu of Han, to kill the escaping Marquis Ai. The Jin people then supported Marquis Ai's son, Marquis Xiaozi, as the next ruler of Jin.

Marquis Xiaozi of Jin
Marquis Xiaozi of Jin (Chinese: 晉小子侯; pinyin: Jìn Xiǎozǐ Hóu), given name unknown, was a ruler of the Jin state. He reigned for four years from 708 BC to 705 BC.

In 705 BC, Duke Wu of Quwo killed Marquis Xiaozi. King Huan of Zhou sent Guo Zhong (虢仲) to attack Duke Wu of Quwo, and Duke Wu retreated to Quwo. King Huan of Zhou then installed Ji Min, the uncle of Marquis Xiaozi, on the throne of Jin.
Bertram Park
Bertram Charles Percival Park OBE (1883–1972) was an English portrait photographer whose work included British and European royalty. Engravings of his photographs were widely used on British and British Commonwealth postage stamps, currency, and other official documents in the 1930s. His theatrical portraits were the source for two paintings by Walter Sickert.

With his wife Yvonne Gregory, they produced a number of photographic books of the female nude. He was an expert in the cultivation of the rose and the editor of The Rose Annual.

Walter Sickert
Walter Richard Sickert (31 May 1860 – 22 January 1942) was a German-born British painter and printmaker who was a member of the Camden Town Group of Post-Impressionist artists in early 20th-century London. He was an important influence on distinctively British styles of avant-garde art in the mid and late 20th century.

Sickert was a cosmopolitan and an eccentric who often favoured ordinary people and urban scenes as his subjects. His work includes portraits of well-known personalities and images derived from press photographs. He is considered a prominent figure in the transition from Impressionism to Modernism.

Decades after his death, several authors and researchers theorised that Sickert might have been the London-based serial killer Jack the Ripper, but the claim has largely been dismissed.
Erouscilla Joseph
Erouscilla "Pat" Joseph is a volcanologist, and Director of the University of the West Indies Seismic Research Centre, which oversees seismic and volcanic monitoring of the English-speaking Eastern Caribbean. She led the volcanological management of the 2021 La Soufriere eruptions on Saint Vincent, for which the Seismic Research Centre received global accolades.

2021 eruption of La Soufrière
La Soufrière, a stratovolcano on the Caribbean island of Saint Vincent in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, began an effusive eruption on 27 December 2020. On 9 April 2021 there was an explosive eruption, and the volcano "continued to erupt explosively" over the following days, with pyroclastic flows. The activity pattern  of the eruption was comparable to that of the event that occurred in 1902, which had a Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) of 4. The volcano is known to have erupted 23 times in the last 4,000 years, and had been dormant since 1979.

Evacuation of the inhabitants of the island began when the explosive eruptions started. Many countries, including islands in the region, and organisations provided relief and support. Services such as electricity and water were severely affected. Emitted ash and sulfur dioxide gas affected the population. The COVID-19 pandemic made evacuation more difficult, requiring usual COVID-19 precautions to avoid outbreaks.
Martina Vandenberg
Martina E. Vandenberg (born c. 1968) is an American lawyer, activist, and nonprofit executive. She is the founder and president of the Human Trafficking Legal Center, a nonprofit that trains pro bono lawyers to seek restitution for human trafficking victims.

Pro bono
Pro bono publico (English: 'for the public good'), usually shortened to pro bono, is a Latin phrase for professional work undertaken voluntarily and without payment. The term traditionally referred to provision of legal services by legal professionals for people who are unable to afford them. More recently, the term is used to describe specialist services provided by any professional free of charge to an individual or community.
Oru Kudakeezhil
Oru Kudakeezhil is a 1985 Indian Malayalam-language film,  directed by Joshiy and produced by Sajan. The film stars Shankar, Madhavi and Nedumudi Venu, while Venu Nagavally, Sukumari, Thilakan and Rohini play supporting roles. The film has musical score by Johnson.

Venu Nagavally
Venu Nagavally (16 April 1949 – 10 September 2010) was an Indian actor, screenwriter and director best known for his work in Malayalam film industry. The son of writer, commentator, and broadcaster Nagavally R. S. Kurup,  Venu Nagavally made his film debut with Ulkkadal, where he played the role of an idealistic lover. He was considered a handsome lead in his early career, often appearing as a romantic youth. His soft demeanor also made him well-suited for melancholic characters. Later in his career, he shifted to supporting roles. Having acted in over 50 films, he went on to direct 12 films, the majority of  which were critically and commercially successful, including Sukhamo Devi (1986), Sarvakalashala (1987), Lal Salam (1990), and Aye Auto (1990), Aayirappara (1993). Venu Nagavally died at Thiruvananthapuram on 9 September 2010.
Gary Gambucci
Gary Allan "Gubbio" Gambucci (born September 22, 1946 in Hibbing, Minnesota) is an American retired ice hockey forward who played in 51 games in the National Hockey League with the Minnesota North Stars and 112 games for the Minnesota Fighting Saints of the World Hockey Association between 1971 and 1976. Internationally Gambucci played for the American national team at four World Championships.

Minnesota Fighting Saints
The Minnesota Fighting Saints was the name of two professional ice hockey teams based in Saint Paul, Minnesota, that played in the World Hockey Association. The first team was one of the WHA's original twelve franchises, playing from 1972 to 1976. The second team was relocated from Cleveland, Ohio, and played for part of the 1976–77 season. Neither edition of the franchise completed its final season of play.
The Invisible Kid
The Invisible Kid is a 1988 American teen science fiction comedy film written and directed by Avery Crounse. The film stars Jay Underwood, Wally Ward, Chynna Phillips, Brother Theodore, and Karen Black.

Chynna Phillips
Chynna Gilliam Phillips (born February 12, 1968) is an American singer and actress. She is a member of the pop vocal trio Wilson Phillips and is the daughter of the Mamas & the Papas band members John and Michelle Phillips and half-sister of Mackenzie and Bijou Phillips.
Hero During Yongle Period
Hero During Yongle Period (Chinese: 永乐英雄儿女) is a 2003 Chinese historical romance television series directed by Yu Min, produced by Zhang Jizhong, and starring Liu Tao, Bao Jianfeng, Kou Shixun, Liu Xiaoqing, Tang Guoqiang, and Chen Long. The television series picks up the story of Princess Man'er, the daughter of Yongle Emperor, who was married to Feng Tianci while they inspected the conditions of the people in the south of the Yangtze River.

Liu Tao
Liu Tao (simplified Chinese: 刘涛; traditional Chinese: 劉濤; pinyin: Liú Tāo, born 12 July 1978) is a Chinese actress. She is known for her roles in My Fair Princess III (2003), Madame White Snake (2006), Mazu (2012), To Elderly With Love (2013), Nirvana in Fire (2015), Legend of Mi Yue (2015), and Ode to Joy (2016).
Hunan Normal University
Hunan Normal University (HunNU) is a provincial public university in Changsha, Hunan, China. It is affiliated with the Province of Hunan, and co-funded by the Hunan Provincial People's Government and the Ministry of Education. The university is part of Project 211 and the Double First-Class Construction.

Ministry of Education (China)
The Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China is a constituent department of the State Council, responsible for basic education, vocational education, higher education, and other educational affairs throughout the country. The Ministry of Education acts as the predominant funder of national universities and colleges in China. The ministry also accredits tertiary institutions, degree curriculum, and school teachers of the country.

The Ministry of Education currently has 19 internal departments and bureaus. As of 2022, there were 75 colleges and universities affiliated with the Ministry of Education.
Antiochia Paraliou
Antiochia Paraliou (Greek: Αντιοχεία η Παράλιος) is an ancient city known only from its coinage which bears the legend "ΑΝΤΙΟΧΕΩΝ ΤΗΣ ΠΑΡΑΛΙΟΥ".  Although the location is considered unknown, some numismatists equate the city with Antiochia ad Cragum, but the association is not universally accepted.

Antiochia ad Cragum
Antiochia ad Cragum (Greek: Αντιόχεια του Κράγου) also known as Antiochetta or Latin: Antiochia Parva (meaning "Little Antiochia") is an ancient Hellenistic city on Mount Cragus overlooking the Mediterranean coast, in the region of Cilicia, in Anatolia. In modern-day Turkey the site is encompassed in the village of Güneyköy, District of Gazipaşa, Antalya Province.