hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Elymus macgregorii
Elymus macgregorii, also known as early wildrye and Macgregor's wildrye, is a species of grass found in North America, usually east of the 100th meridian. It hybridizes readily with Elymus virginicus and Elymus hystrix.

Elymus virginicus
Elymus virginicus (common names Virginia wildrye, common eastern wild rye, terrell grass) is a perennial bunchgrass located in Virginia and the eastern United States. Virginia wild rye is one of the few cool season native grasses found in the east Texas area. It is extremely palatable to livestock and will decrease without proper grazing management. It spreads via seed and tillering. It can be confused with Canadian wild rye which is a more robust plant with longer awns. It should be cut early in the season when used for hay to avoid ergot contamination. Northern Missouri Germplasm Virginia wild rye was released in 1999 by the Missouri Plant Material Center for use in northern Missouri.

Virginia wildrye when sown in combination with Prairie cordgrass has shown promise in competing with the invasive and vigorous Japanese Knotweed.
San Marino men's national under-16 basketball team
The San Marino men's national under-16 basketball team is a national basketball team of San Marino, administered by the San Marino Basketball Federation. It represents the country in under-16 men's international basketball competitions.

The team won two medals at the FIBA U16 EuroBasket Division C.

San Marino Basketball Federation
San Marino Basketball Federation (Italian: Federazione Sammarinese Pallacanestro) is the governing body of basketball in San Marino. It was founded in 1968. It organizes the internal league and runs the San Marino national basketball team.

The current president of the federation is Gian Primo Giardi.
Hemisalanx
Hemisalanx brachyrostralis is a species of icefish endemic to the Yangtze basin, China. It is the only known species in the genus Hemisalanx, after Hemisalanx prognathus was moved to genus Salanx. In a study of the five freshwater icefish species in the Yangtze, it was a relatively low-density species, being much less frequent than Neosalanx taihuensis and N. oligodontis, but more than Protosalanx hyalocranius and N. tangkahkeii. H. brachyrostralis reaches up to 13.6 cm (5.4 in) in total length.

Neosalanx tangkahkeii
Neosalanx tangkahkeii, the Chinese icefish or short-snout icefish, is a species of icefish endemic to fresh and brackish waters in China. Despite its common name it is not the only icefish in China, however the majority of the family to which it belongs are found in that country.

Neosalanx tangkahkeii is widely fished. In addition to being eaten in Asia, it is exported to southern Europe as a replacement of the more expensive transparent goby, a Mediterranean species used in the local cuisine. This replacement is often done openly, but sometimes it is done fraudulently.
Sjøbotnen Cirque
Sjøbotnen Cirque (71°22′S 13°25′E﻿ / ﻿71.367°S 13.417°E﻿ / -71.367; 13.417) is the prominent cirque in the north face of the main massif of the Gruber Mountains, situated immediately east of Mount Zimmermann, in the Wohlthat Mountains of Queen Maud Land. It was discovered and plotted from air photos by the German Antarctic Expedition of 1938–39, and replotted from air photos and surveys by the Norwegian Antarctic Expedition, 1956–60, and named Sjøbotnen ("the lake cirque") because the inner part of the feature is occupied by a sizable lake.

Wohlthat Mountains
71°35′S 12°20′E﻿ / ﻿71.583°S 12.333°E﻿ / -71.583; 12.333
Wohlthat Mountains (German: Wohlthatmassiv) is a large group of associated mountain features consisting of the Humboldt Mountains, Petermann Ranges, and the Gruber Mountains, located immediately east of the Orvin Mountains in Fimbulheimen in the central Queen Maud Land. Discovered by the Third German Antarctic Expedition (1938–1939), led by Capt. Alfred Ritscher, and named for Prussian State Councilor Helmuth Wohlthat, who as economist and fiscal officer dealt with the organization of the expedition.

The area was reconnoitered and aerially photographed by the 5th Indian Antarctic Expedition (Nov 1985-Mar 1986) with a three-month temporary summer camp established there. The area was revisited by later Indian Antarctic expeditions.
2015 ATP Challenger 2001 Team Padova
The 2015 ATP Challenger 2001 Team Padova was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the second edition of the tournament which was part of the 2015 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Padova, Italy between 29 June and 5 July 2013.

2015 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour, in 2015 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2015 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 166 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $40,000 up to $220,000. It was the 38th edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 7th under the name of Challenger Tour.
1958 Thomas Cup
The 1958 Thomas Cup competition is an international team tournament for supremacy in men's badminton (its female counterpart is the Uber Cup). Beginning in 1948–49 it was held every three years until 1982 and has been held every two years thereafter. Nineteen teams contested for the Thomas Cup during the 1957-1958 season. As defending champion Malaya (now Malaysia) was exempt until the conclusive tie (team match) called the challenge round. The other eighteen teams were divided into four qualifying zones; Asia, Australasia, Europe, and Pan America; with the winners of each intra-zone competition advancing to inter-zone competition in Singapore to determine a challenger to Malaya. For a more detailed description of the Thomas Cup format see Wikipedia's  general article on the Thomas Cup.

1949 Thomas Cup
The 1949 Thomas Cup was the inaugural tournament of Thomas Cup, the most important men's badminton team competition in the world.

The tournament was originally planned  for 1941–1942 (badminton seasons in the northern hemisphere traditionally ran from the autumn of one calendar year to the spring of the next), but was delayed when World War II exploded across the continents. Sir George's dream was finally realized in 1948-1949 when ten national teams participated in the first Thomas Cup competition.
Depressor supercilii muscle
The depressor supercilii is an eye muscle of the human body. Like the name suggests, the muscle depresses the eyebrow to form oblique lines. The nature of this muscle is in some dispute. Few printed anatomies include it (Netter, et al.) and many authorities consider it to be part of the orbicularis oculi muscle.

On the other hand, many dermatologists, ophthalmologists, and plastic surgeons hold that the depressor supercilii is a distinct muscle and has a definite, individual effect on the movement of the eyebrow and skin of the glabella.

Orbicularis oculi muscle
The orbicularis oculi is a sphincter-like muscle in the face that closes the eyelids. It arises from the nasal part of the frontal bone, from the frontal process of the maxilla in front of the lacrimal groove, and from the anterior surface and borders of a short fibrous band, the medial palpebral ligament.

From this origin, the fibers are directed laterally, forming a broad and thin layer, which occupies the eyelids or palpebræ, surrounds the circumference of the orbit, and spreads over the temple, and downward on the cheek.
East Gurage Zone
East Gurage Zone (Amharic: ምስራቅ ጉራጌ ዞን) is a zonal administration in the Central Ethiopia Regional State of Ethiopia. East Gurage Zone is established in 2023 by union of three districts and two town administrations from eastern part of Gurage Zone. The Zone is home to the Gurage people and others. East Gurage is bordered on the Southeast by Siltʼe Zone North and East by the Oromia Region, and on the West by Gurage Zone. The Zone borders Mareko Special Woreda through its East Meskan District. The administrative centre of the Zone is Butajira.

Mareko special woreda
Mareko Special Woreda (Amharic: ማረቆ ልዩ ወረዳ) is one of the woredas in the Central Ethiopia Regional State. This woreda is named after the Mareko people. The administrative center of this special woreda is Koshe.
FC Shakhter Karagandy
Football Club Shakhter (Kazakh: «Шахтер» футбол клубы / "Şahter" futbol kluby), commonly referred to as FC Shakhter Karagandy (Kazakh: Қарағанды / Qarağandy [qɑrɑˈʁɑndə] ⓘ), is a professional football club based in Karaganda, Kazakhstan. They had been members of the Kazakhstan Premier League since its foundation in 1992, but were relegated to the first division in 2024. They have won the championship twice.

Kazakhstan Super Cup
The Kazakhstan Super Cup (Kazakh: Қазақстан Суперкубогы, Qazaqstan Superkubogy) is a one-match football annual competition. The two participating clubs are the Kazakhstan Premier League champion and the Kazakhstan Cup winner. If these two competitions are won by the same team, then the other participant will be the runner-up of Kazakhstan Premier League.

The inaugural edition of the trophy was in 2008.
Acaray
Acaray, also known as the Fortress of Acaray, is an archaeological site located in the Huaura River Valley on the near north coast of Peru (or the Norte Chico region). The impressive fortress is located on a series of three hilltops, each ringed with a number of perimeter defensive walls that have parapets and bastions, which stand as testaments to the military nature of the site. Radio carbon dating has established it was built about 900–200 BC and abandoned 1000–1470AD. Surrounding the hilltop fortress are lower-lying areas of occupation and extensive cemeteries, which have been heavily looted.

Riva-Agüero Institute
The Riva-Agüero Institute (Spanish: Instituto Riva-Agüero, IRA) is an institute created in 1947 by the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, named after its benefactor, José de la Riva-Agüero y Osma. Located in the Casona Riva-Agüero of the historic centre of Lima, where Riva-Agüero lived until his dath, it serves a research centre for the human sciences that in 1955 reached the category of "School of Higher Studies" (Spanish: Escuela de Altos Estudios). It is divided into six research sections: Archaeology, Law, Ethnology, philosophy, Language and Literature, and History.
2021 GP Miguel Induráin
The 2021 GP Miguel Induráin was the 67th edition of the GP Miguel Induráin road cycling one day race, which was held on 3 April 2021, that started and finished in Estella. The 1.Pro-category race was initially scheduled to be a part of the inaugural edition of the UCI ProSeries, but after the 2020 edition was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it made its UCI ProSeries debut in 2021, while also still being a part of the 2021 UCI Europe Tour.

2021 UCI Europe Tour
The 2021 UCI Europe Tour was the 17th season of the UCI Europe Tour. The season began on 24 January 2021 with the Clàssica Comunitat Valenciana 1969 – Gran Premio Valencia and ended on 24 October 2021 with the Ronde van Drenthe.

Throughout the season, points were awarded to the top finishers of stages within stage races and the final general classification standings of each of the stages races and one-day events. The quality and complexity of a race also determined how many points are awarded to the top finishers; the higher the UCI rating of a race, the more points were awarded.

The UCI ratings from highest to lowest are as follows:

Multi-day events: 2.Pro, 2.1 and 2.2

One-day events: 1.Pro, 1.1 and 1.2
The Travels of Ibn Battuta
The Travels of Ibn Battuta (Arabic: تحفة النظار في غرائب الأمصار وعجائب الأسفار Tuḥfat an-nuẓẓār fī gharāʾib al-amṣār wa-ʿajāʾib al-asfār  [A gift for the curious, concerning the wonders of cities and marvels of the journeys thereto]), also known simply as The Rihla (الرحلة ar-riḥla), is the travelogue written by Ibn Battuta, documenting his lifetime of travel and exploration, which according to his description covered about 73,000 miles (117,000 km). Rihla is the Arabic word for a voyage or journey, and it is a genre of travel writing in Arabic literature.

Samudera Pasai Sultanate
The Samudera Pasai Sultanate (Malay: كسلطانن سامودرا ڤاساي‎), also known as Samudera or Pasai or Samudera Darussalam or Pacem, was a Muslim kingdom on the north coast of Sumatra from the 13th to the 16th centuries.

Little evidence has been left to allow for historical study of the kingdom. The kingdom was believed to have been founded by Merah Silu, who later converted to Islam and adopted the name Malik ul Salih, in the year 1267 CE. After the 1521 Portuguese invasion, the garrison evacuated Pasai in 1524 and the first Sultan of Aceh, Ali Mughayat Syah, annexed the territory.
Adrian Moorhouse
Adrian David Moorhouse MBE (born 24 May 1964) is an English former competitive swimmer who dominated British swimming in the late 1980s. He won the gold medal in the 100-metre breaststroke at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, Korea. Since then Moorhouse, a former pupil of Bradford Grammar School, has translated his sporting success to a successful career in the business world, as managing director of Lane4, a consultancy helping individuals and teams around the world reach their fullest potential.

He was voted Best Leader at the Sunday Times Best Small Companies to Work for in 2009 and 2007 and has been listed in HR Magazine's Most Influential UK Thinkers since 2010. He is also a swimming commentator for BBC television.

1982 World Aquatics Championships
The 4th FINA World Aquatics Championships took place from July 29-August 8, 1982, in Guayaquil, Ecuador. They featured 848 athletes, competing in four Aquatics disciplines:

Diving - 4 events (2 male, 2 female);

Swimming - 29 events (15 male, 14 female);

Synchronized Swimming - 3 events (all female); and

Water Polo - 1 event (male).
Battle of Gela (1943)
The amphibious Battle of Gela was the opening engagement of the American portion of the Allied Invasion of Sicily during World War II. United States Navy ships landed United States Army troops along the eastern end of the south coast of Sicily; and withstood attacks by Luftwaffe and Regia Aeronautica aircraft while defending the beachhead against attacks by Livorno Division and German Göring Division tanks until the US Army captured the Ponte Olivo Airfield for use by United States Army Air Forces planes. The battle convinced United States Army officers of the value of naval artillery support, and revealed problems coordinating air support from autonomous air forces during amphibious operations.

Fiat 3000
The Fiat 3000(also called F-3000) was the first tank to be produced in series in Italy. It became the standard tank of the emerging Italian armored units after World War I. The 3000 was based on the French Renault FT.
Saqsa
Saqsa (Quechua for multi-colored, also spelled Sacsa) is a mountain in the Andes of Peru, about 4,800 m (15,748 ft) high. It is situated in the Lima Region, Huarochirí Province, Huanza District. Saqsa lies between two lakes named Saqsaqucha and P'itiqucha, southwest of P'iti and northeast of Qullqi and Uyshu.

Uyshu
Uyshu (Jaqaru for to liquify, melt, also spelled Uysho) is a 5,038-metre-high (16,529 ft) mountain in the Andes of Peru. It is situated in the Lima Region, Huarochirí Province, Huanza District. Uyshu lies northeast of Qullqi and southwest of the lakes named P'itiqucha and Saqsaqucha.
Rivière du Sud-Ouest (Yamaska River tributary)
The Rivière du Sud-Ouest (French pronunciation: [ʁivjɛʁ dy syd wɛst], "River of the South-West") is a tributary of the Yamaska River. It flows in the administrative region of Montérégie, on the South Shore of the St. Lawrence River, in Quebec, Canada. Its course towards the northeast crosses the municipalities of:

Farnham, in Brome-Missisquoi Regional County Municipality;

Sainte-Brigide-d'Iberville, in Le Haut-Richelieu Regional County Municipality;

Saint-Césaire, in Rouville Regional County Municipality.

Le Haut-Richelieu Regional County Municipality
Le Haut-Richelieu Regional County Municipality (French pronunciation: [lə o ʁiʃ(ə)ljø], lit. 'The Upper Richelieu') is a regional county municipality in the Montérégie region in southwestern Quebec, Canada. Its seat is in Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu. It is named for the Richelieu River which runs south-north through it.
Newlands Forest
Newlands Forest is a conservancy area on the eastern slopes of Table Mountain, beside the suburb of Newlands, Cape Town, South Africa. It is owned and maintained by the Table Mountain National Parks Board, along with the City Parks Department of Cape Town, and includes a Fire Station, Nursery and Reservoir.

The forest itself is a popular walking and jogging destination (See trail map below), close and easily accessible from the city's southern suburbs. Due to its location on the mountain slopes, there are impressive views eastward over the Cape Flats.

Leucospermum grandiflorum
Leucospermum grandiflorum is an evergreen, upright shrub of up to 2½ m (7½ ft) high that is assigned to the family Proteaceae. It has elliptic, greyish green, softly hairy leaves and initially egg-shaped heads with yellow flowers, later flat with flowers turning orange. From the center of each flower emerges a long pale yellow style with a pink thickened tip (both later turning carmine) that is bent slightly clockwise, giving the entire head the appearance of a pincushion. Its flowers can be found between July and December. It is called grey-leaf fountain-pincushion or rainbow pincushion in English. L. grandiflorum is an endemic species that can only be found in nature in the Western Cape province of South Africa.
Transparency International Russia
Transparency International Russia (Центр «Трансперенси Интернешнл — Р», Центр «ТИ-Р», «Трансперенси Интернешнл-Россия», Transparency International — Россия)) is a Russian non-governmental organization focused on combating corruption. From 1999 to 2023, it served as the official representative office of the international organization, Transparency International, in Russia. It later liquidated its legal entity in Russia and continued its work abroad as 'Transparency International Russia in exile' (Трансперенси Интернешнл — Россия в изгнании).

Prosecutor General of Russia
The Prosecutor General of Russia (also Attorney General of Russia, Russian: Генеральный прокурор Российской Федерации, romanized: Generalʹnyy prokuror Rossiyskoy Federatsii) heads the system of official prosecution in courts and heads the Office of the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation. The Prosecutor General remains one of the most powerful component of the Russian judicial system.
Curtiss JN Jenny
The Curtiss JN "Jenny" is a series of biplanes built by the Glenn  Curtiss Aeroplane Company of Hammondsport, New York, later the Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company. Although the Curtiss JN series was originally produced as a training aircraft for the US Army, the "Jenny" (the common nickname derived from "JN") continued after World War I as a civilian aircraft, becoming the "backbone of American postwar [civil] aviation".

Thousands of surplus Jennys were sold at bargain prices to private owners in the years after the war, and became central to the barnstorming era that helped awaken the US to civil aviation through much of the 1920s.

Royal Naval Air Service
The Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) was the air arm of the Royal Navy, under the direction of the Admiralty's Air Department, and existed formally from 1 July 1914 to 1 April 1918, when it was merged with the British Army's Royal Flying Corps to form the Royal Air Force (RAF), the world's first independent air force.

It was replaced by the Fleet Air Arm, initially consisting of those RAF units that normally operated from ships, but emerging as a separate unit similar to the original RNAS by the time of the Second World War.
Baikal seal
The Baikal seal (Pusa sibirica), also known as Lake Baikal seal or Baikal nerpa (нерпа), is a species of earless seal endemic to Lake Baikal in Siberia, Russia. The Baikal seal is one of the smallest earless/true seals, and one of the few exclusively freshwater pinniped species. The related Caspian seal inhabits another lake, albeit being saltwater, the Caspian Sea. Both species are closely related to the ringed seal, which inhabits the Arctic Ocean.

A subpopulation of inland harbour seals living in the Hudson Bay region of Quebec, Canada (the Lacs des Loups Marins harbour seals), as well as the Saimaa ringed seal and the Ladoga seal (both ringed seal subspecies), are also found in fresh water, but these seals are part of species that also have marine populations, instead of being distinct species.

The most recent population estimates are 80,000 to 100,000 animals, roughly equaling the expected carrying capacity of the lake. At present, the species is not considered threatened.

Ladoga ringed seal
The Ladoga ringed seal (Russian: Ладожская нерпа; Pusa hispida ladogensis) is a freshwater subspecies of the ringed seal (Pusa hispida) found entirely in Lake Ladoga in northwestern Russia. This pinniped was isolated in freshwater lakes and separated from the Arctic ringed seal as a result of the isostatic rebound of the region following the end of the Weichselian Glaciation.

It is related to the even smaller population of Saimaa ringed seals in Lake Saimaa, a lake that flows into Ladoga through the Vuoksi River.
Pooley Bridge (structure)
Pooley Bridge was an historic stone road bridge that crossed the River Eamont in the village of Pooley Bridge near the northern end of Ullswater. It connected two civil parishes, Barton and Pooley Bridge and Dacre, and was grade II listed in January 1991.

The bridge, erected in 1764 and replacing an earlier bridge from the 16th century, was washed away on 6 December 2015 when Cumbria was hit by heavy flooding during Storm Desmond, after storm waters eroded the riverbed around the base of the bridge supports.

A parapet stone was inscribed "JS & IR 1764".

Dacre, Cumbria
Dacre (English: /ˈdeɪkər/) is a small village, civil parish and electoral ward in the Lake District National Park in the Westmorland and Furness unitary authority area of Cumbria, England, but historically in the traditional county of Cumberland. In the 2001 census, the parish, which includes Newbiggin and Stainton, had a population of 1,326, increasing to 1,438 at the 2011 Census.

Dacre is situated about 5 miles (8 km) west of Penrith and contains St Andrew's Parish Church, an ancient castle, and the Horse & Farrier pub. Nearby is the small stately home of Dalemain. Dacre Beck is a major tributary of the River Eamont.

Although Dacre is a small place in itself, its civil parish is quite large and includes the villages and hamlets of Stainton, Redhills, Newbiggin, Great Blencow and Soulby. Stainton is by far the largest place in the parish and is a dormitory village of Penrith.
Mixed Hodge structure
In algebraic geometry, a mixed Hodge structure is an algebraic structure containing information about the cohomology of general algebraic varieties. It is a generalization of a Hodge structure, which is used to study smooth projective varieties.

In mixed Hodge theory, where the decomposition of a cohomology group  may have subspaces of different weights, i.e. as a direct sum of Hodge structures

where each of the Hodge structures have weight . One of the early hints that such structures should exist comes from the long exact sequence associated to a pair of smooth projective varieties . This sequence suggests that the cohomology groups  (for ) should have differing weights coming from both  and .

Exact sequence
In mathematics, an exact sequence is a sequence of morphisms between objects (for example, groups, rings, modules, and, more generally, objects of an abelian category) such that the image of one morphism equals the kernel of the next.