hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Crucifix Hill
The Battle of Crucifix Hill was a World War II battle that took place on 8 October 1944, on Crucifix Hill (Haarberg, Hill 239), next to the village of Haaren in Germany and was a part of the U.S. 1st Division's campaign to seize Aachen, Germany. The Battle of Aachen was part of the Drive to the Siegfried Line. The hill was named after a large crucifix mounted on the top of the hill. The objective of the battle was to gain control of the hill, which was laced with a maze of pillboxes and bunkers, so that the main objective of encircling Aachen could be completed. The hill was held by units of the German 246. Volksgrenadierdivision.

Siegfried Line campaign
The Siegfried Line campaign was a phase in the Western European campaign of World War II, which involved engagements near the German defensive Siegfried Line.

This campaign spanned from the end of Operation Overlord and the push across northern France, which ended on 15 September 1944, and concluded with the opening of the German Ardennes counteroffensive, better known as the Battle of the Bulge.
Tony Loska
Anthony Stephen Patrick Loska (born 11 February 1950) is an English former footballer who played as a left-back. He scored 10 goals in 304 league games in a 12-year career in the Football League with Shrewsbury Town, Port Vale, Chester, and Halifax Town. He was promoted out of the Fourth Division with Chester in 1974–75.

Halifax Town A.F.C.
Halifax Town Association Football Club was an English football club based in Halifax, West Yorkshire. They played in the English Football League from 1921 to 1993 and from 1998 to 2002.

The club was dissolved in 2008, but reformed that July under the name of FC Halifax Town.

The club's stadium was The Shay.
Thelonious Monk Trio
Thelonious Monk Trio is an album by American jazz pianist and composer Thelonious Monk. The album features his earliest recordings for Prestige Records, performing as a soloist with a rhythm section of bassist Gary Mapp (originally credited as "Gerry Mapp"), either Art Blakey or Max Roach on drums, and one track with Percy Heath replacing Mapp. It also contains the earliest recorded versions of the jazz standards "Blue Monk" and "Bemsha Swing".

Secondary sources have placed the album's release year to either 1954 or 1956. It has been re-released numerous times, occasionally under the title Monk's Moods and with different track orders. Its track listing expands on the 10" LP issue Thelonious (1953), augmented with two tracks from his fourth 10" LP, Thelonious Monk Plays (with Percy Heath and Art Blakey), released in 1954.

Percy Heath
Percy Heath (April 30, 1923 – April 28, 2005) was an American jazz bassist, brother of saxophonist Jimmy Heath and drummer Albert Heath, with whom he formed the Heath Brothers in 1975. Heath played with the Modern Jazz Quartet throughout their long history and also worked with Miles Davis, Dizzy Gillespie, Charlie Parker, Wes Montgomery, Thelonious Monk and Lee Konitz.
Cornelius Scipio Salvito
Cornelius Scipio ‘Salvito’ (the agnomen Salvito was conferred on him due to his resemblance to a mime artist of the same name) was a minor member of the gens Cornelia who lived in the late Roman Republic. He was perhaps a descendant of Scipio Africanus, the Roman general who defeated Hannibal, through his second son Lucius Cornelius Scipio.

Salvito was, according to Plutarch and Suetonius, "a contemptible nobody", who was taken by Julius Caesar in 46 BC on his North African campaign against the remnants of Pompey's forces, led by Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio Nasica. Because of a long-standing belief that only a Scipio could be victorious in Africa, and because he was facing a Scipio, Caesar placed Salvito at the front of his army, either as a good luck charm to calm his nervous troops, or to demonstrate his contempt to Scipio Nasica. Caesar forced him to attack the enemy frequently and to bring on the battle.

Suetonius
Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (Latin: [ˈɡaːiʊs sweːˈtoːniʊs traŋˈkᶣɪlːʊs]), commonly referred to as Suetonius (/swɪˈtoʊniəs/ swih-TOH-nee-əs; c. AD 69 – after AD 122), was a Roman historian who wrote during the early Imperial era of the Roman Empire. His most important surviving work is De vita Caesarum, commonly known in English as The Twelve Caesars, a set of biographies of 12 successive Roman rulers from Julius Caesar to Domitian. Other works by Suetonius concerned the daily life of Rome, politics, oratory, and the lives of famous writers, including poets, historians, and grammarians. A few of these books have partially survived, but many have been lost.
Khintchine inequality
The Khintchine inequality, is a result in probability also frequently used in analysis bounding the expectation a weighted sum of  Rademacher random variables with  square-summable weights. It is named after Aleksandr Khinchin and spelled in multiple ways in the Latin alphabet.

It states that for each  there exist constants  depending only on  such that for every sequence , and i.i.d. Rademacher random variables ,

As a particular case, consider  complex numbers , which can be pictured as vectors in a plane. Now sample  random signs , with equal independent probability. The inequality states that 
with a bounded error.

Independent and identically distributed random variables
In probability theory and statistics, a collection of random variables is independent and identically distributed (i.i.d., iid, or IID) if each random variable has the same probability distribution as the others and all are mutually independent. IID was first defined in statistics and finds application in many fields, such as data mining and signal processing.
Cicera
Cicera bigia (also Ciccera biccera or simply Cicera) is an Italian card game closely related to Scopa and played with a 52-card deck of Bresciane playing cards. It is  mainly played in the province of Brescia, and most of the technical terms used in the game originate in the local Bresciano dialect of the Lombard language.

Scopa
Scopa (Italian: [ˈskoːpa]; lit. 'broom') is an Italian card game, and one of the three major national card games in Italy, the others being Briscola and Tresette. It is also popular in Argentina and Brazil, brought in by Italian immigrants, mostly in the Scopa a Quindici variation. Scopa is also played in former Italian colonies such as Libya and Somalia or some other countries like Tunisia and even Morocco, with changed appearance in the cards. It is played with a standard Italian 40-card deck, mostly between two players or four in two partnerships, but it can also be played by three or six players.

The name scopa is an Italian noun meaning 'broom', since taking a scopa means 'to sweep' all the cards from the table. Watching a game of scopa can be a highly entertaining activity, since games traditionally involve lively, colorful, and somewhat strong-worded banter in between hands. However, skill and chance are more important for the outcome of the game.
Reed Research Reactor
The Reed Research Reactor (RRR) (45°28′50″N 122°37′48″W﻿ / ﻿45.4806°N 122.6301°W﻿ / 45.4806; -122.6301) is a research nuclear reactor located on-campus at Reed College in Portland, Oregon. It is a pool-type TRIGA Mark I reactor, built by General Atomics in 1968 and operated since then under licence from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The maximum thermal output is 250 kW. The reactor has over 1,000 visitors each year and serves the Reed College departments of Physics and Chemistry, as well as other departments.

Nuclear Regulatory Commission
The United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is an agency of the United States government tasked with protecting public health and safety related to nuclear energy. Established by the Energy Reorganization Act of 1974, the NRC began operations on January 19, 1975, as one of two successor agencies to the United States Atomic Energy Commission. Its functions  include overseeing reactor safety and security, administering reactor licensing and renewal, licensing and oversight for fuel cycle facilities, licensing radioactive materials, radionuclide safety, and managing the storage, security, recycling, and disposal of spent fuel.
Columbine Peak
Columbine Peak is a 12,662-foot-elevation (3,859-meter) mountain summit located 1.5 miles (2.4 km) west of the crest of the Sierra Nevada mountain range, in Fresno County of northern California, United States. It is situated between Palisade Basin and Dusy Basin in the Palisades area of northern Kings Canyon National Park. It is 1.54 miles (2.48 km) west of North Palisade, 2 miles (3.2 km) south of Bishop Pass, and immediately north of Knapsack Pass. This mountain's name has been officially adopted by the United States Board on Geographic Names. The first ascent of the summit was made prior to 1925 by persons unknown.

Palisades (California Sierra)
The Palisades (or the Palisade Group) are a group of peaks in the central part of the Sierra Nevada in the U.S. state of California. They are located about 12 miles (19 km) southwest of the town of Big Pine, California. The peaks in the group are particularly steep, rugged peaks and "contain the finest alpine climbing in California." The group makes up about 6 miles (10 km) of the Sierra Crest, which divides the Central Valley watershed from the Owens Valley, and which runs generally northwest to southeast.
The Circle Game (song)
"The Circle Game" is a song by Canadian singer-songwriter Joni Mitchell composed in 1966. One of her most-covered songs, it was originally recorded by Ian & Sylvia in 1967, and then by Buffy Sainte-Marie the same year, and by Tom Rush for his 1968 album of the same name. Mitchell recorded it for her 1970 album Ladies of the Canyon; it also appears on her 1974 live album Miles of Aisles.

Tom Rush
Tom Rush (born February 8, 1941) is an American folk and blues singer, guitarist, and songwriter whose success helped launch the careers of other singer-songwriters in the 1960s and who has continued his own singing career for 60 years.
Mass Transit incident (professional wrestling)
The Mass Transit incident was a professional wrestling controversy that took place during an Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) house show on November 23, 1996, at the Wonderland Greyhound Park in Revere, Massachusetts, United States. 17-year-old Erich Kulas, an aspiring professional wrestler who used the ring name "Mass Transit", was seriously injured in a tag team match against The Gangstas; the most severe injury occurred when Kulas was bladed too deeply by New Jack (Jerome Young), severing two of his arteries. Further controversy arose when it came to light that Kulas had lied to ECW owner and booker Paul Heyman about his age and professional wrestling training.

The incident led to the temporary cancellation of the inaugural ECW pay-per-view Barely Legal and legal action against Young. Due to Kulas's deception, however, Barely Legal was reinstated and the legal action ended in Young's favor.

The Gangstas
The Gangstas was a professional wrestling tag team and stable, consisting of New Jack and Mustafa Saed in Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW). The group originally started as a three-man group with D'Lo Brown in Smoky Mountain Wrestling (SMW), before evolving into a four-man group with Killer Kyle.
Richa Gaur
Richa Gaur (born 10 December 1993) is an Indian martial arts competitor and self-defense instructor who has been honored and felicitated as one of the "Top 100 Women Achievers of India" by the former President of India and Maneka Gandhi in the field of women's empowerment. She is an international gold and bronze medalist in martial arts.

She has been called the "Muay Thai Queen of India" for her gold hat trick in Muay thai championship. Gaur is an Asian Olympic Games qualifier (Muay Thai Boxing), bronze medalist in World championship, gold medalist in South Asian Championship (Taekwondo), gold medalist in Kukkiwon Korean Cup and seven-time national gold medalist of India. She is the coach and Joint Secretary of the Jaipur Taekwondo Association and is a member of Rajasthan Muay Thai Association.

Gaur marked her presence in 2017 Pro Kabaddi League season singing Jana Gana Mana (the Indian national anthem).

Maneka Gandhi
Maneka Gandhi (also spelled Menaka; née Anand) (born 26 August 1956) is an Indian politician, animal rights activist, and environmentalist. She served as a member of the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Indian parliament, and is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). She is the widow of Indian politician Sanjay Gandhi. Gandhi has held ministerial positions in four governments, most recently serving in Narendra Modi's government from May 2014 to May 2019.

In addition to her political work, Gandhi is an author, with several books on etymology, law, and animal rights.
Hellyer, Tasmania
Hellyer is a rural locality in the local government area (LGA) of Circular Head in the North-west and west LGA region of Tasmania. The locality is about 35 kilometres (22 mi) east of the town of Smithton. The 2016 census recorded a population of 173 for the state suburb of Hellyer.

Smithton, Tasmania
Smithton is a town on the far north-west coast of Tasmania, Australia. It lies on the Bass Highway, 85 km north-west of Burnie. At the 2021 census, Smithton had a population of 3,934. Smithton is the administrative centre of the Circular Head Council.
Anthony Minichiello
Anthony Minichiello (born 24 May 1980) is a former professional rugby league footballer who captained the Sydney Roosters in the National Rugby League, and retired having set records for most games and most tries in the club's history. An Australia and Italy international as well as a New South Wales State of Origin representative wing turned fullback, he played his entire career with the Roosters, with whom he won the 2002 and 2013 NRL Premierships, before retiring at the conclusion of the club's 2014 campaign. Minichiello also won the Golden Boot Award for international player of the year in 2005, and is the brother of fellow Italian international, Mark Minichiello.

2002 NRL season
The 2002 NRL season was the 95th season of professional rugby league football in Australia and the fifth to be run by the National Rugby League. The season was affected by the competition-leading Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs' salary cap breach finding, which saw them relegated to the bottom of the NRL ladder. As a result, the New Zealand Warriors won their first minor premiership and made it to the grand final for the first time, playing against foundation club the Sydney Roosters who won the match and collected their first premiership in 27 years.
Raising the Bar (2015 TV series)
Raising the Bar (Chinese: 四個女仔三個BAR; Jyutping: Sei3 Go3 Neoi5 Zai2 Saam1 Go3 BAR; literally "Four Girls, Three Bars") is a 2015 Hong Kong modern legal drama series produced by TVB. It stars Ben Wong, Louis Cheung, Ram Chiang and Grace Chan as the main leads, with Elaine Yiu, Jeannie Chan, Stephanie Ho, Timothy Cheng and Moon Lau as the major supporting cast. Natalie Tong and Elena Kong guest star this series. Filming of the series took place from June till September 2014. The series began airing 26 January 2015 and ended its run on 27 February 2015. It was broadcast on weekdays, Monday to Friday, by TVB's Jade channel in the 8:30–9:30 pm timeslot.

Ben Wong
Ben Wong Chi-yin (born 20 October 1967) is a Hong Kong actor best known for his roles as Yung Heung-hoi in the long-running drama series A Kindred Spirit and Spicy Ginger in the crime drama Lives of Omission, the latter garnering him Best Supporting Actor at the 2011 TVB Anniversary Awards. Wong was the hot favorite in winning this award and is proud of this achievement.
Broadwell, Forest of Dean
Broadwell is a village about 1 mile (1.6 km) east of Coleford, Gloucestershire, England. It is at the western edge of the Forest of Dean, in the civil parish of Coleford, which is also its post town. The village of Mile End is to the north and Coalway is to the south.

Coleford, Gloucestershire
Coleford is a market town in the west of the Forest of Dean, Gloucestershire, England, two miles (3 km) east of the Welsh border and close to the Wye Valley. It is the administrative centre of the Forest of Dean district. The combined population of the town's two electoral wards at the 2011 census was 8,359. The population of the town's parish was 9,273 in the 2021 Census.  The parish includes the village of Baker's Hill.
My Priest Among the Poor
My Priest Among the Poor (French: Mon curé chez les pauvres) is a 1956 French comedy film directed by Henri Diamant-Berger and starring Yves Deniaud, Raymond Bussières and Arletty. It was shot at the Billancourt Studios in Paris. The film's sets were designed by the art director Roger Briaucourt. It is based on the 1925 novel of the same title by Clément Vautel, and is sequel to the 1952 film My Priest Among the Rich.

Raymond Bussières
Raymond Bussières (3 November 1907 – 29 April 1982) was a French actor. He was born in Ivry-la-Bataille. He began his career on the stage as a member of the celebrated Groupe Octobre. He appeared in more than 160 films from 1933 to 1982. In his early career he excelled in portraying the Parisian street urchin persona in many of his films. On television he had success in the 1977 mini-series Le Pain noir. He died in Paris and is buried in Marchenoir. He was married to the actress Annette Poivre.
Area codes 514, 438, and 263
Area codes 514, 438, and 263 are telephone area codes of the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) for Montreal and most of its on-island suburbs, specifically the Island of Montreal and Île Perrot in the Canadian province of Quebec.

Area code 514 was one of the original North American area codes assigned by AT&T in 1947. The original numbering plan area (NPA) was split twice: in 1957 to create area code 819 and in 1998 to create area code 450. In 2006, the entire remaining 514 area was assigned a second area code, 438, in an overlay plan that made ten-digit dialing mandatory in the Montreal area. Area code 263 was added to the overlay in October 2022.

The incumbent local exchange carrier (ILEC) in the service area is Bell Canada. The major competitive local exchange carriers (CLECs) are Vidéotron, Telus, and Rogers.

Ten-digit dialing
Ten-digit dialing is a telephone dialing procedure in the countries and territories of the North American Numbering Plan (NANP). It is the practice of including the area code of a telephone number when dialing to initiate a telephone call. When necessary, the ten-digit number may be prefixed with the trunk code 1, which is referred to as 1+10-digit dialing or national format.
Agnese Nano
Agnese Nano (born 5 November 1965) is an Italian film, television and theater actress. Her first appearance was in 1987 but she became famous after her role as the young "Elena Mendola" in Cinema Paradiso by  Giuseppe Tornatore, in 1988. Nano felt that playing Elena "was a deeply nurturing experience, crucial for the development of her future career".

Giuseppe Tornatore
Giuseppe Tornatore (born 27 May 1956) is an Italian film director and screenwriter. He is considered one of the directors who brought critical acclaim back to Italian cinema. In a career spanning over 30 years he is best known for directing and writing drama films such as Everybody's Fine, The Legend of 1900, Malèna, Baarìa and The Best Offer. His most noted film is Cinema Paradiso, for which Tornatore won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. He has also directed several advertising campaigns for Dolce & Gabbana.

Tornatore is also known for his long-standing association with composer Ennio Morricone, who composed music for thirteen Tornatore feature films since 1988.
Juxtapoz
Juxtapoz Art & Culture Magazine (pronounced JUX-tah-pose) is a magazine created in 1994 by a group of artists and art collectors including Robert Williams, Fausto Vitello, C.R. Stecyk III (a.k.a. Craig Stecyk), Greg Escalante, and Eric Swenson to both help define and celebrate urban alternative and underground contemporary art. Juxtapoz is published by High Speed Productions, the same company that publishes Thrasher skateboard magazine in San Francisco, California.

Thrasher (magazine)
Thrasher is an American skateboarding media brand founded in January 1981 by Eric Swenson and Fausto Vitello, who also founded Independent Truck Company, and officially launched as a skateboard magazine. Since the 1990s, Thrasher has expanded its presence in television, video production, online blogging and merchandising.
Sílvia Cardoso
Sílvia Cardoso Ferreira da Silva (26 July 1882 – 2 November 1950) was a Portuguese Roman Catholic. During her lifetime she led a tireless apostolate dedicated to serving the poor in Brazil (where she travelled to and once lived) and in her native land where she founded retreat centers and soup kitchens. In addition to these initiatives with her own resources she funded a boarding school for girls but divested most of her time and effort in a hospital that she sought to improve on following its inauguration.

The initial steps for her beatification process started in the 1970s but the formal introduction for the cause came in 1984 – she became titled as a Servant of God. The cause reached a decisive point in 2013 after Pope Francis acknowledged her heroic virtue and named her as Venerable.

Heroic virtue
Heroic virtue is the translation of a phrase coined by Augustine of Hippo to describe the virtue of early Christian martyrs. The phrase is used by the Roman Catholic Church.

The Greek pagan term hero described a person with possibly superhuman abilities and great goodness. "[I]t connotes a degree of bravery, fame, and distinction which places a man high above his fellows". The term was later applied to other highly virtuous people who do extraordinary good works.
Ukrainian Volunteer Army
The Ukrainian Volunteer Army (Ukrainian: Українська добровольча армія, УДА, romanized: Ukrayinsʹka dobrovolʹcha armiya, UDA) is a volunteer military formation established in December 2015 by Dmytro Yarosh after his departure from Right Sector. On October 14, 2018, Yarosh announced that all combat units were leaving the front line and the main focus of the Volunteer Army would be the construction of territorial defense units.

As of 2022, the units are part of the Ukrainian Territorial Defense Forces, and they also maintain partisan units behind the enemy lines.

Ukrainian nationalism
Ukrainian nationalism (Ukrainian: Український націоналізм, romanized: Ukrainskyi natsionalizm, pronounced [ʊkrɐˈjinʲsʲkɪj nɐts⁽ʲ⁾ionɐˈl⁽ʲ⁾izm]) is the promotion of the unity of Ukrainians as a people and the promotion of the identity of Ukraine as a nation state. The origins of modern Ukrainian nationalism emerge during the Cossack uprising against the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth led by Bohdan Khmelnytsky in the mid-17th century. Ukrainian nationalism draws upon a single national identity of culture, ethnicity, geographic location, language, politics (or the government), religion, traditions and belief in a shared singular history.
Behind the Mask (1946 film)
Behind The Mask is a 1946 American comedy mystery film directed by Phil Karlson and starring Kane Richmond, Barbara Read, George Chandler and Dorothea Kent. It was the second in a series of three films released by Monogram in 1946 starring Richmond as the crimefighter The Shadow, the others being The Shadow Returns and The Missing Lady.

Dorothea Kent
Dorothea Kent (born Dorothea Jane Schaeffer; June 6, 1916 – December 10, 1990) was an American film actress. She appeared in more than 40 films between 1935 and 1948. A former model, she often played dumb sidekicks of the heroine, and rarely played the lead. In addition to her credited roles, she also had roles in six other films, including her last role in the 1948 film The Babe Ruth Story.

The daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Anthony Schaeffer, Kent was born Dorothea Jane Schaeffer in Missouri on June 6, 1916, and died in Burbank, California, on December 10, 1990, from cancer. She was buried at the San Fernando Mission Cemetery.