hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jingdezhen
Jingdezhen is a prefecture-level city in eastern Jiangxi province with a total population of 1,669,057 (2018), bordering Anhui to the north. It is known as the "Porcelain Capital" because it has been producing Chinese ceramics for at least 1,000 years, and for much of that period Jingdezhen porcelain was the most important and finest quality in China.  The city has a well-documented history that stretches back over 2,000 years.

Nanchang
Nanchang is the capital of Jiangxi, China. Located in the north-central part of the province and in the hinterland of Poyang Lake Plain, it is bounded on the west by the Jiuling Mountains, and on the east by Poyang Lake. Because of its strategic location connecting the prosperous East and South China, it has become a major railway hub in Southern China in recent decades.

As the Nanchang Uprising in 1927 is distinctively recognized by the ruling Communist Party as "firing the first gunshot against the Nationalists", the current government has therefore named the city since 1949 "the place where the People's Liberation Army was born", and the most widely known "place where the military banner of the People's Liberation Army was first raised".

Nanchang is also a major city, appearing among the top 100 cities in the world by scientific research outputs, as tracked by the Nature Index and home to Nanchang University.
Chatfield Hollow State Park
Chatfield Hollow State Park is a public recreation area occupying 412 acres (167 ha) that lie adjacent to Cockaponset State Forest in the town of Killingworth, Connecticut. The state park offers hiking trails, a swimming beach, trout fishing, mountain biking, rock climbing, and picnicking areas. Park attractions include 6.67-acre (2.70 ha) Schreeder Pond, Indian caves, historic sites, a restored water wheel, and a reproduction covered bridge. The park is managed by the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection.

Cockaponset State Forest
Cockaponset State Forest is the second largest forest in the Connecticut state forest system, encompassing over 17,000 acres (6,900 ha) of land. Most of the land is in Middlesex County though some parcels lie in New Haven County. The forest is disjointed, and comprises land in the towns of Haddam, Chester, Deep River, Killingworth, Durham, Guilford, Madison, Clinton, Westbrook, Middletown and Middlefield.
Lynda Gratton
Lynda Gratton (born February 1955) a British organizational theorist, consultant, and Professor of Management Practice at London Business School and the founder of HSM Advisory, known for her work on organisational behaviour.

London Business School
London Business School (LBS) is a business school and a constituent college of the federal University of London. LBS was founded in 1964 and awards post-graduate degrees (Master's degrees in management and finance, MBA and PhD). Its motto is "To have a profound impact on the way the world does business".

London Business School's main campus is located at Sussex Place in London, adjacent to Regent's Park. In 2012, it expanded its teaching facilities by 70% by acquiring the Marylebone Town Hall (now The Sammy Ofer Centre), and in 2017 the neighboring Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. LBS has a secondary campus in Dubai that is dedicated to the Dubai EMBA and Executive Education.
Brian Kamler
Brian Kamler (born February 12, 1972) is an American soccer coach and former player who is currently the technical director for Wisconsin United FC, a youth affiliate of Minnesota United FC. As a player, he played two seasons in the USISL, winning the 1995 U.S. Open Cup and league titles with the Richmond Kickers, and ten seasons in Major League Soccer.

United States Interregional Soccer League
The United States Interregional Soccer League (USISL) was a semi-professional men's outdoor soccer league that played six seasons from 1989 to 1994. It was the first outdoor league to be operated by the organization known today as the United Soccer League. Commencing play in 1989, it received Division 3 status from U.S. Soccer for its final season in 1994. It was split into the USISL Professional League and the amateur USISL Premier League in 1995. The Colorado Comets and Greensboro Dynamo were the most successful clubs in the league, winning two championships each.
Hercules Slaying Antaeus
Hercules slaying Antaeus, c. 1460, is a painting by the Florentine artist Antonio del Pollaiuolo. It is small at 6 x 3 1/2 inches, painted in egg tempera on a panel of wood. It is now in the Uffizi Gallery, Florence.

The painting shows the mythical giant Antaeus, son of Gaia, goddess of the Earth, being crushed to death in the arms of Heracles. Hercules was a Florentine hero, regarded as an image of the Florentine state – its ruthless and warlike spirit – which furthered its political and economic success.

It is assumed that both this and Hercules Slaying the Hydra are miniature copies by the artist of two out of the three enormous (some 12 feet square) paintings on canvas of the Labours of Hercules commissioned from Antonio and Piero del Pollaiuolo by Piero di Cosimo de' Medici for the Sala Grande of the Palazzo Medici in the 1460s, which have now been lost.

Labours of Hercules
The Labours of Hercules or Labours of Heracles (Ancient Greek: ἆθλοι, âthloi, Latin: Labores) are a series of tasks carried out by Heracles, the greatest of the Greek heroes, whose name was later romanised as Hercules. They were accomplished in the service of King Eurystheus. The episodes were later connected by a continuous narrative.

The establishment of a fixed cycle of twelve labours was attributed by the Greeks to an epic poem, now lost, written by Peisander (7th to 6th centuries BC).

Having tried to kill Heracles ever since he was born, Hera induced a madness in him that made him kill his wife and children. Afterwards, Heracles went to the Oracle of Delphi to atone, where he prayed to the god Apollo for guidance. Heracles was told to serve Eurystheus, king of Mycenae, for ten years. During this time, he was sent to perform a series of difficult feats, called labours.
Andrew Welsh (politician)
Andrew Paton Welsh DL (19 April 1944 – 17 June 2021) was a Scottish politician. He was the Scottish National Party Member of Parliament (MP) for South Angus from October 1974 to 1979, East Angus from 1987 to 1997, and Angus from 1997 to 2001. He was the Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for the constituency of Angus from 1999 to 2011.

Angus (UK Parliament constituency)
Angus was a county constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (at Westminster). It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first-past-the-post voting system.

It was created for the 1997 general election, largely replacing East Angus. As a result of boundary changes for the 2005 general election, the boundaries became quite different from those of the Angus Scottish Parliament constituency, which was created in 1999 and abolished in 2011.

The constituency was dominated by farmland, and included the towns of Arbroath, Montrose, Brechin and Forfar.

Further to the completion of the 2023 periodic review of Westminster constituencies, the seat was subject to boundary changes which entailed expansion into northern parts of the Perth and Kinross council, partly offset by the loss of Arbroath and surrounding areas. As a consequence, it was renamed Angus and Perthshire Glens, and first contested at the 2024 general election.
Famous Macedonia
"Famous Macedonia" (Greek: Μακεδονία ξακουστή) is a Greek military march. It is often regarded as the regional anthem of Greek Macedonia, and had been used as the marching song of the Hellenic Army since the Balkan Wars.

It is associated with the Makedonomachoi (Macedonian fighters) in the Macedonian Struggle and can be heard on parades and in national anniversaries.

It is written in Dorian scale, in iambic 15-syllable. The beat is 2/4 and it can be danced as a Hasapiko. It can be performed in conjunction with the Macedonia dance. In addition, the lyrics refer to Alexander the Great.

Modern history of Macedonia (Greece)
In the 19th century, the national revival in the Balkans began; national and religious antagonism flared, and conflict was heightened by the Ottoman policy of playing one group against the other. Meanwhile, the Ottoman Empire lost control over the major sections of Greece, Serbia, and Bulgaria, each of which claimed Macedonia on historical or ethnical grounds.

In the Treaty of San Stefano (1878), which terminated the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78, Bulgaria was awarded much of Macedonia.  However, the settlement was nullified by the European powers in the same year (see Congress of Berlin), and Macedonia was left under direct Ottoman control.

After the Greco-Turkish war of 1897, which proved a disaster for Greece, Bulgarian nationalism started strengthening in Macedonia. On the feast day (20 July) of the prophet Elijah in 1903 there was an uprising, known as the Ilinden Uprising, which the Ottoman army soon suppressed.
Shatha Altowai
Shatha Altowai (Arabic: شذى التوي) is a Yemeni visual artist known for her figurative, cubist, and abstract oil paintings. She lives in Edinburgh, Scotland. Her work explores issues such as identity, displacement, women, children, and the impact of the civil war in Yemen. She is also known for her artistic collaboration and activism with her husband, the Yemeni pianist and composer Saber Bamatraf.

Altowai has received multiple awards, this includes the IIE-Artist Protection Fund award that was hosted at the Institute for Advanced Studies in the Humanities (IASH) within the University of Edinburgh from 2020 to 2021,The John Byrne Award in 2021, and The Scottish Women's Award 2022.

She has been based in Edinburgh since November 2020.

Institute of International Education
The Institute of International Education (IIE) is an American 501(c) non-profit organization that focuses on international student exchange and aid, foreign affairs, and international peace and security. IIE creates programs of study and training for students, educators, and professionals from various sectors. The organization says its mission is to "build more peaceful and equitable societies by advancing scholarship, building economies, and promoting access to opportunity".
Jason Gill
Jason Gill (born April 7, 1970) is an American college baseball coach and former shortstop and third baseman. He played college baseball for Cuesta College, Cal State Dominguez Hills and Cal State Fullerton from 1991 to 1994. He then served as the head coach of the Loyola Marymount Lions (2009–2019) and the USC Trojans (2019–2022).

Cal State Fullerton Titans baseball
The Cal State Fullerton Titans baseball team represents California State University, Fullerton in NCAA Division I college baseball.

Along with the other CSUF athletic teams, the baseball team participates in the Big West Conference. Since its early days, Titan Baseball has been considered an elite program in college baseball, making 18 College World Series appearances and winning four national championships (1979, 1984, 1995, and 2004).

The Titans play their home games on Fullerton's campus at Goodwin Field and are currently coached by Jason Dietrich.
Venkataraman Subramanya
Venkataraman Subramanya pronunciationⓘ (born 16 July 1936) is an Indian former cricketer who played in nine Test matches from 1965 to 1968.  He was an aggressive middle order batsman, who captained Mysore for some years, and a useful leg-spin bowler. He later emigrated to Australia.

Karnataka cricket team
Karnataka cricket team represents the Indian state of Karnataka in domestic cricket competitions. It has traditionally been one of the strongest teams in the domestic circuit and has produced many of Indian cricket team's iconic players. It was known as Mysore cricket team before the state of Mysore was officially renamed as Karnataka in 1973. It has won the Ranji Trophy eight times and been runners-up six times (including twice as the Mysore team). The team's home ground is the M. Chinnaswamy Stadium in Bengaluru. There was a major push in cricketing infrastructure in 2010s and as of now, grounds in Bengaluru, Mysuru, Hubballi are constantly used in Ranji Trophy, Vijay Hazare Trophy & Karnataka Premier League
Strömsborg
Strömsborg (Swedish for 'Stream's castle') is a small islet in central Stockholm, Sweden, located north of Stadsholmen, and west of Helgeandsholmen, between the bridges Centralbron, a motorway passing through central Stockholm, and Vasabron. Administratively, Strömsborg is part of Gamla Stan, the old town of Stockholm and is connected to the rest of the city by the bridge Strömsborgsbron leading over to Vasabron.

Stadsholmen
Stadsholmen is the historical name of an island in the centre of Stockholm, Sweden. Stadsholmen is connected to the mainland via several bridges. Together with the small islands of Riddarholmen and Helgeandsholmen it forms Gamla stan, the old town of Stockholm.   The name Gamla stan  can also refer to the island itself, as the name Stadsholmen is rarely used in daily speech.

Stadsholmen is the location of Stockholm Palace, the official residence and working palace of the Swedish monarch, and used for ceremonial receptions. The offices of the King, the other members of the Swedish Royal Family, and the offices of the Royal Court of Sweden are located here.
The Custom of the Country
The Custom of the Country is a 1913 tragicomedy of manners novel by the American author  Edith Wharton. It tells the story of Undine Spragg, a Midwestern young woman who attempts to ascend the  social ladder through ruthlessness, seduction, vanity, and manipulation in early 20th century New York City society.

Edith Wharton
Edith Newbold Wharton (/ˈhwɔːrtən/; née Jones; January 24, 1862 – August 11, 1937) was an American writer and designer. Wharton drew upon her insider's knowledge of upper-class New York society to portray, realistically, the lives and morals of the Gilded Age. In 1921, she became the first woman to win the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction for her novel The Age of Innocence. She was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame in 1996. Her other well-known works are The House of Mirth, the novella Ethan Frome, and several notable ghost stories.
Abu Hassan al-Ansari
Mohamed Ould Nouini, nom de guerre Abu Hassan al-Ansari (also written Abou Hassan al-Ansari) was a Malian jihadist known for perpetrating the 2016 Ouagadougou attacks and the Grand-Bassam attack, along with his high position in Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin.

Jama'at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin
Jama'at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (Arabic: جماعة نصرة الإسلام والمسلمين, JNIM; French: Groupe de soutien à l'islam et aux musulmans, GSIM; lit. 'Support Group for Islam and Muslims') is a Salafi Jihadist organisation in the Maghreb and West Africa formed by the merger of Ansar Dine, al-Mourabitoun and the Saharan branch of al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (a militant wing of Al-Qaeda). Its leaders swore allegiance to Ayman al-Zawahiri.

In the early 2020s, JNIM was reported to be the fastest-growing  militant organization in the world. As of 2025, it is considered the most heavily armed militant group in the Sahel and one of the most powerful globally. The group operates a decentralized proto-state model in areas under its control, enforcing a strict interpretation of Islamic law and collecting taxes. Its influence is presently expanding southward into coastal West African countries, including Benin and Togo.
Peter and Vandy
Peter and Vandy is a 2009 American romantic independent drama film starring Jason Ritter and Jess Weixler. The film was written and directed by Jay DiPietro, adapted from his own play of the same name which opened in 2002 in New York.

Jason Ritter
Jason Morgan Ritter (born February 17, 1980) is an American actor. The son of John Ritter and Nancy Morgan, he is known for his work in television series such as Joan of Arcadia (2003–2005), Gravity Falls (2012–2016), Another Period (2015–2018), Kevin (Probably) Saves the World (2017–2018), Raising Dion (2019–2022), and Matlock (2024–). For his portrayal of Mark Cyr on Parenthood (2010–2014), Ritter was nominated for the 2012 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor.

Ritter made his feature film debut in Mumford (1999). Subsequent credits include Swimfan (2002), Freddy vs. Jason (2003), Raise Your Voice (2004), Happy Endings (2005), The Education of Charlie Banks (2007), W. (2008), The Perfect Family (2011), Wild Canaries (2014), The Meddler (2015), Carrie Pilby (2016), Bitch (2017), The Tale (2018), and Frozen 2 (2019).
Cleveland Abbe House
The Cleveland Abbe House, also known as the Timothy Caldwell House and Monroe-Adams-Abbe House, is a historic house at 2017 "I" Street NW in Washington, D.C. Built in 1805, it is an excellent example of Federal period architecture. It has had a series of distinguished residents. Most notable are James Monroe, who occupied it as United States Secretary of War and as President of the United States while the White House was restored after the War of 1812, and historian Henry Adams. However, it was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1975 for its association with meteorologist Cleveland Abbe (1838–1916), the founder of the National Weather Service, who lived here from 1877 until his death. It is now home to the Arts Club of Washington.

Cleveland Abbe
Cleveland Abbe (December 3, 1838 – October 28, 1916) was an American meteorologist and advocate of time zones.

While director of the Cincinnati Observatory in Cincinnati, Ohio, from 1871-1916, he developed a system of telegraphic weather reports, daily weather maps, and weather forecasts. In 1870, Congress established the  United States Weather Bureau and inaugurated the use of daily weather forecasts. In recognition of his work, Abbe, who was often referred to as "Old Probability" for the reliability of his forecasts, was appointed the first head of the new service.
2017–18 SEHA League
The 2017–18 SEHA League season was the seventh season of the SEHA (South East Handball Association) League and fourth under the sponsorship of the Russian oil and gas company Gazprom. Ten teams from six countries (Belarus, Croatia, Macedonia, Serbia, Slovakia and Slovenia)  participated in this year's competition.

Vardar are the defending champions. The SEHA League consists of two phases – the first one has 18 rounds in which all teams play one home and one away games against each other. Afterwards, the four best ranked clubs played on the Final Four tournament.

The campaign began on 30 August 2017 with three matches from the first round. The regular season ended on 17 March 2018.

The final four tournament was held at the Jane Sandanski Arena in Skopje, Macedonia from 13th to 15 April 2018.

Jane Sandanski Arena
Jane Sandanski Arena (Macedonian: Спортскиот центар „Јане Сандански“ or Сала „Јане Сандански“) is an indoor sports arena located in the Aerodrom Municipality of Skopje, North Macedonia. It has a capacity of 6,000. It is named after the revolutionary Jane Sandanski.
2004 Kremlin Cup
The 2004 Kremlin Cup was a tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts. It was the 14th edition of the Kremlin Cup, and was part of the International Series of the 2004 ATP Tour, and of the Tier I Series of the 2004 WTA Tour. It took place at the Olympic Stadium in Moscow, Russia, from 11 October through 17 October 2004. The tournament ended up with victories by Russian players in both male and female singles/doubles competitions and Elena Dementieva additionally finished runner-up in the women's singles. Anastasia Myskina won the ladies singles and the doubles with Vera Zvonareva.

Anastasia Myskina
Anastasia Andreyevna Myskina (Russian: Анастасия Андреевна Мыскина listenⓘ; born 8 July 1981) is a Russian former professional tennis player. Myskina won the 2004 French Open singles title, becoming the first Russian woman to win a major singles title. Due to this victory, she rose to No. 3 in the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) rankings, becoming the first Russian woman to reach the top 3 in the history of the rankings. In September 2004, she reached a career-high ranking of No. 2.
Multivalued treatment
In statistics, in particular in the design of experiments, a multi-valued treatment is a treatment that can take on more than two values. It is related to the dose-response model in the medical literature.

Dose–response relationship
The dose–response relationship, or exposure–response relationship describes the magnitude of the response of a biochemical or cell-based assay or an organism, as a function of exposure (or doses) to a stimulus or stressor (usually a chemical) after a certain exposure time. Dose–response relationships can be described by dose–response curves, or concentration-response curves. This is explained further in the following sections. A stimulus response function or stimulus response curve is defined more broadly as the response from any type of stimulus, not limited to chemicals.
Cherry pit oil
Cherry pit oil, also referred to as cherry kernel oil, is a seed oil that is derived from the pits of cherries. It is used for culinary purposes as a flavorant, as a fragrance and as an ingredient in cosmetics, such as lipstick.

Culinary arts
Culinary arts are the cuisine arts of the preparation, cooking, and presentation of food, usually in the form of meals. People working in this field – especially in establishments such as restaurants – are commonly called chefs or cooks, although, at its most general, the terms culinary artist and culinarian are also used.

Expert chefs are in charge of making meals that are both aesthetically beautiful and delicious. This often requires understanding of food science, nutrition, and diet. Delicatessens and relatively large institutions like hotels and hospitals rank as their principal workplaces after restaurants.
The Reluctant Fundamentalist (soundtrack)
The Reluctant Fundamentalist: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the film soundtrack to the film of the same name, originally composed, orchestrated and conducted by Michael Andrews.The soundtrack was released by Universal Music Group India in Asia and Internationally released by Knitting Factory under Universal rights on April 30, 2013.

The music is composed by Michael Andrews (Original film scorer & composer). Other composers include Amy Ray, Wazir Afzal, Fareed Ayaz & Abu Muhammad, Farhad Humayun, Mohsin Raza Khan, Atif Aslam, Amy Ray, Meesha Shafi, Rizzle Kicks, Ali Sethi, Zahra Haider Khan, Faiz Ahmed Faiz(lyrics), Hazeen Qadri, Javed Akhtar and Peter Gabriel (uncredited).

Knitting Factory
The Knitting Factory is a nightclub in New York City that features eclectic music and entertainment and is co-owned and co-operated by Knitting Factory Entertainment. After opening in 1987, various other locations were opened in the United States.

The Knitting Factory gave its audience poetry readings, performance art, standup comedy, and musicians who transcended the usual boundaries of rock and jazz, often experimental music. The Knitting Factory owners distributed some performances to radio stations, and around 1990 starting a radio show and the record label Knitting Factory Works. Later the founders started Knitting Factory Records in 1998.