hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ethel Douglas
Ethel Douglas (30 June 1916 – 5 June 2020) was assistant secretary of the Law Society of Scotland, and one of the first women to be an elder when this was permitted (1970) in the Church of Scotland, in Greenside Parish Church, Edinburgh, and was president of the Guild.

Law Society of Scotland
The Law Society of Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: Comann Lagh na h-Alba) is the professional governing body for Scottish solicitors. Its goal is to promote excellence among solicitors through the support and regulation of its members. It is also committed to promoting the interests of the public in relation to the profession. The Society seeks to contribute to the shaping of the law for the benefit of both the public and the profession.

The Society was established by statute in 1949 and its rules are set out in the Solicitors (Scotland) Act 1980. All practising solicitors, currently around 13,000, are members. The Society is funded by its members and has an annual budget of almost £8 million.
Marciology
Marciology is the ninth studio album by American rapper and producer Roc Marciano, released on March 29, 2024, through Pimpire Records and Marci Enterprises. The album marks his first solo release in four years since 2020's Mt. Marci. It was proceeded by one single, "Gold Crossbow", which was released on March 21, 2024. Production was handled primary by Marciano himself, with additional production from Animoss and the Alchemist. The album contains guest appearances from Larry June, Crimeapple, T.F, Flee Lord, Jay Worthy, Knowledge the Pirate and GREA8GAWD. Marciology received positive reviews from critics, noting its eerie, neo-noir inspired soundscapes and sharp, witty rhymes.

Larry June
Leonard Eugene Hendricks III (born April 8, 1991), known professionally as Larry June, is an American rapper from San Francisco, California. He is best known for his albums Orange Print (2021), Spaceships on the Blade (2022), and The Great Escape (2023), and has toured with musicians such as Cousin Stizz, Berner, Curren$y, and Post Malone. June has released 19 underground projects, and is currently an independent artist, having previously been signed to Warner Records.
Frances Healy
Frances Healy (born 24 August 1970) is an Irish actress, comedian, radio personality, TV presenter and voice-over artist. Her credits include The Serpent's Kiss (1997), The Magdalene Sisters (2002), River City (2006-2008), Taggart (2003), Fair City (2005), Moone Boy (2015), and Lulu and the Electric Dreamboat (2023).

Taggart
Taggart is a Scottish detective fiction television programme created by Glenn Chandler, who wrote many of the episodes, and made by STV Studios for the ITV network. It originally ran as the miniseries Killer from 6 until 20 September 1983, before a full series was commissioned that ran from 2 July 1985 until 7 November 2010. The series revolved around a group of detectives initially in the Maryhill CID of Strathclyde Police, though various storylines were set in other parts of Greater Glasgow and in other areas of Scotland. The team operated out of the fictional John Street police station. Mark McManus, who played the title character Jim Taggart, died in 1994. However, the series continued under the same name. Taggart is one of the UK's longest-running television dramas.
High-resolution melting analysis
High Resolution Melt (HRM) analysis is a powerful technique in molecular biology for the detection of mutations, polymorphisms and epigenetic differences in double-stranded DNA samples.  It was discovered and developed by Idaho Technology and the University of Utah. It has advantages over other genotyping technologies, namely:

It is cost-effective vs. other genotyping technologies such as sequencing and TaqMan SNP typing. This makes it ideal for large scale genotyping projects.

It is fast and powerful thus able to accurately genotype many samples rapidly.

It is simple.  With a good quality HRM assay, powerful genotyping can be performed by non-geneticists in any laboratory with access to an HRM capable real-time PCR machine.

Genotyping
Genotyping is the process of determining differences in the genetic make-up (genotype) of an individual by examining the individual's DNA sequence using biological assays and comparing it to another individual's sequence or a reference sequence. It reveals the alleles an individual has inherited from their parents. Traditionally genotyping is the use of DNA sequences to define biological populations by use of molecular tools. It does not usually involve defining the genes of an individual.
Narendra Rajya Laxmi Devi
Narendra Rajya Lakshmi Devi (?–11 January 1775) was queen consort to Prithvi Narayan Shah, king of the Kingdom of Nepal. She was the mother of future King Pratap Singh Shah and Princes Vedum Shah and Bahadur Shah. She was the daughter of Abhiman Singh, a Rajput chief from Varanasi.

She committed sati on the same day that her husband Prithvi Narayan's final rites were conducted.

Prince Bahadur Shah of Nepal
Prince Bahadur Shah (Nepali: बहादुर शाह) was the youngest son of King Prithvi Narayan Shah of modern Nepal. He became the regent of Nepal for a brief period after the death of his predecessor Queen Rajendra Laxmi and accelerated his father's campaign for the conquest of the small and scattered Hindu nations of the Himalayas into modern-day Nepal. Despite his many conquests, he also started the tradition of beheading fellow courtiers against his father's advice which would eventually lead to him meeting the same fate. This, along with the political turmoil created in Nepal after his death eventually led to the rise of Bhimsen Thapa and the Anglo-Nepal War.
Elitsa Kostova
Elitsa Kostova (Bulgarian: Елица Костова) (born 10 April 1990) is a former professional Bulgarian tennis player.

On 12 September 2016, she reached her highest WTA singles ranking of No. 130, achieved on 12 September 2016, her best doubles ranking is world No. 154, reached on 26 October 2015. Playing for Bulgaria Fed Cup team, she has a win–loss record of 16–18.

Bulgaria Billie Jean King Cup team
The Bulgaria women's national tennis team (Bulgarian: Отбор на България за Фед Къп, romanized: Otbor na Balgariya za Fed Kap) represents Bulgaria in Billie Jean King Cup tennis competition and are governed by the Bulgarian Tennis Federation.
Ourisia ruellioides
Ourisia ruellioides is a species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae that is endemic to mountainous habitats of the Andes of southern Argentina and Chile. Carl Linnaeus the Younger described Chelone ruelloides in 1782, and German botanist Otto Kuntze transferred it to the genus Ourisia in 1898. Plants of this species are large, showy plants with red, tubular almost regular corollas that are glabrous (hairless) inside the corolla tube, an irregular ciliate calyx with two calyx lobes deeply divided and three shallowly divided, and glabrous, serrate, ovate leaves. It is the most widespread and common species of Ourisia spanning 22 degrees of latitude and is the type species of the genus Ourisia.

Plantaginaceae
Plantaginaceae, the plantain family or veronica family, is a large, diverse family of flowering plants in the order Lamiales that includes common flowers such as snapdragon and foxglove. It is unrelated to the banana-like fruit also called "plantain". In older classifications, Plantaginaceae was the only family of the order Plantaginales, but numerous phylogenetic studies, summarized by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, have demonstrated that this taxon should be included within Lamiales.
Elephantopin
Elephantopin is a natural chemical compound extracted from the Elephantopus elatus plant of the genus Elephantopus, family Compositae. It is a sesquiterpene lactone with a germacranolide skeleton, containing two lactone rings and an epoxide functional group.

Germacranolide
Germacranolides are a group of natural chemical compounds classified as sesquiterpene lactones.  They are found in a variety of plant species and are known for their diverse and complex topology, as well as a wide array of pharmacological activities.
James Walker (RAF officer)
James Walker, DFC (1 January 1918 – 8 February 1944) was a Canadian flying ace of the Royal Air Force (RAF) during the Second World War. He was credited with the destruction of at least seven aircraft.

From Alberta, Walker joined the RAF on a short service commission in 1938. Once his training was completed, he was posted to No. 111 Squadron. He flew Hawker Hurricane fighters during the Battle of France, claiming his first aerial victories, then in the subsequent Battle of Britain. Awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross in September 1940, he participated in the RAF's Circus offensive the following year with No. 603 Squadron. For much of 1942, he served in North Africa, latterly as commander of No. 250 Squadron, which he led during its involvement in the First Battle of El Alamein. His later war service was spent in British India as a pilot of transport aircraft with No. 31 Squadron. He was shot down and killed on 8 February 1944 while on a supply mission to the Arakan.

First Battle of El Alamein
The First Battle of El Alamein (1–27 July 1942) was a battle of the Western Desert campaign of World War II, fought in Egypt between Axis (German and Italian) forces of the Panzer Army Africa—which included the Afrika Korps under Field Marshal Erwin Rommel—and Allied (British Empire and Commonwealth) forces of the Eighth Army under General Claude Auchinleck.

In this battle the British halted a second advance by the Axis forces into Egypt. Axis positions near El Alamein, only 106 km (66 mi) from Alexandria, were dangerously close to the ports and cities of Egypt, the base facilities of the Commonwealth forces and the Suez Canal. However, the Axis forces were too far from their base at Tripoli in Libya to remain at El Alamein indefinitely, which led both sides to accumulate supplies for more offensives, against the constraints of time and distance.
Operation Chin Brotherhood
In June 2024, the Chin Brotherhood Alliance, a military alliance of several Chin ethnic organisations, launched Operation Chin Brotherhood, shortened to Operation CB, an operation to capture regions which the CBA is active in. This operation has been aided by several non-Chin groups, notably the Rakhine-led Arakan Army and the Magway Region-based Yaw Army.

During the offensives, five town's have been captured by the CBA: Matupi, Lailenpi, Mindat, Kanpetlet, and Falam.

Falam, Myanmar
Falam (Burmese: ဖလမ်းမြို့, MLCTS: pha. lam: mrui., pronounced [pʰəláɰ̃ mjo̰]) is a town in north-western Burma (Myanmar) near Burma's western border with the Indian state of Mizoram. The town was founded by the Taisun tribe. The British arrived to Falam in 1892, and became an important base for British rule of the Chin Hills. After the formation of Chin State, it was the capital city until the administrative offices were moved to Hakha in 1974. It is still the regional governor of Falam District and of Falamram Township. Falam is the headquarters of several important organizations, such as the Chin Baptist Convention (CBC).

The first school (National School of Ek Tu) established in Chin State is the No.1 Basic Education High School in Falam. Many of the buildings in Falam reflect the British occupation and its former status as the state capital. The main road (Kalay-Falam-Hakka) in the Chin mountains travel through Falam.
Piedras (Buenos Aires Underground)
Piedras is a station on Line A of the Buenos Aires Underground. It is located underneath the Avenida de Mayo in the neighbourhood of Monserrat and one of its entrances is located next to the famous Café Tortoni. The station belonged to the inaugural section of the Buenos Aires Underground opened on 1 December 1913, which linked the stations Plaza Miserere and Plaza de Mayo.

Plaza Miserere (Buenos Aires Underground)
Plaza Miserere (officially Plaza de Miserere) is a station on Line A of the Buenos Aires Underground. The station is located between Alberti and Loria / Pasco stations on the A line underground.
Plaza Miserere has interchange with Once underground station of the H line and connection to the Sarmiento line commuter rail service within Once railway station, the central station of the Domingo Faustino Sarmiento Railway.
Donny Deutsch
Donald Jay Deutsch (born November 22, 1957) is an American branding and marketing professional, television personality, and former chairman of advertising firm Deutsch Inc. He joined his father's advertising firm, David Deutsch Associates, in 1983. In 1989, his father handed full control of the agency to Donny (the firm changed its name to Deutsch Inc.).

He hosted the MSNBC talk show Saturday Night Politics with Donny Deutsch (2019). He previously hosted the CNBC talk show The Big Idea with Donny Deutsch (2004–2008).

Peter Knobler
Peter Knobler (born 1946) is an American writer living in New York City. He has collaborated on fifteen books, ten of them best sellers and was the editor-in-chief of Crawdaddy magazine from 1972 to 1979. Knobler is the journalist who discovered Bruce Springsteen in the rock press and was his earliest champion.
Chloë and the Next 20th Century
Chloë and the Next 20th Century is the fifth studio album by American musician Josh Tillman under the stage name Father John Misty, released through Sub Pop and Bella Union on April 8, 2022. The album was co-produced by Tillman and longtime collaborator Jonathan Wilson, and was preceded by the singles, "Funny Girl", "Q4", "Goodbye Mr. Blue" and "The Next 20th Century".

Written and recorded throughout the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the album marks a departure from Misty's folk rock and indie rock sound, drawing sonic inspiration from big band, jazz standards, and traditional pop music, while featuring narrative, short story-based lyrics.

Traditional pop
Traditional pop (also known as pre-rock and roll pop) is Western popular music that generally pre-dates the advent of rock and roll and pop music in the mid-1950s. The most popular and enduring songs from this era of music are known as pop standards or American standards. The works of these songwriters and composers are usually considered part of the canon known as the "Great American Songbook". More generally, the term "standard" can be applied to any popular song that has become very widely known within mainstream culture and recorded by many artists.

AllMusic defines traditional pop as "post-big band and pre-rock & roll pop music".
Frederick Robertson (politician)
Frederick Greystock Robertson (7 March 1909 – 17 September 2002) was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada.

Robertson was born in Belleville, Ontario and became a physician after receiving his MD degree at the University of Toronto. After working as a doctor in Cobourg, Ontario, he left his practice in July 1948 to work in the canning industry, eventually owning and managing the Cobourg-based Robertson Packers.

He was first elected to Parliament at the Northumberland riding in the 1949 general election and was re-elected for a second term in 1953. Robertson was defeated by Ben Thompson of the Progressive Conservative party in the 1957 election.

Robertson's father, William George Robertson, was a Liberal member of the Ontario Legislature between 1926 and 1929.

Ben Thompson (Canadian politician)
Benjamin Cope (Ben) Thompson (11 April 1924 – 23 March 1998) was a Canadian lawyer and politician. Thompson served as a Progressive Conservative party member of the House of Commons of Canada.

He was first elected at the Northumberland riding in the 1957 general election and re-elected there in the 1958 election. Thompson left federal politics after completing his second term, the 24th Canadian Parliament, and did not campaign in the 1962 election. He died of cancer on 23 March 1998.
25th Alberta Legislature
The 25th Alberta Legislative Assembly was in session from April 9, 2001, to October 25, 2004, with the membership of the assembly determined by the results of the 2001 Alberta general election held on March 12, 2001. The Legislature officially resumed on April 9, 2001, and continued until the fourth session was prorogued and dissolved on October 25, 2004, prior to the 2004 Alberta general election on November 22, 2004.

Alberta's twenty-fifth government was controlled by the majority Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta, led by Premier Ralph Klein. The Official Opposition was led by Ken Nicol of the Liberal Party.  The Speaker was Ken Kowalski. With the exception of the three MLAs listed below, all members held their seats until dissolution of the legislature.

Ken Nicol (politician)
Ken Nicol (born May 3, 1944) is a Canadian politician and academic.

He served as the MLA for Lethbridge-East from 1993 to 2004. During his final three years, he was the leader of the Alberta Liberal Party, and leader of the official opposition in the Legislative Assembly of Alberta. He was credited with bringing a more conciliatory approach in the legislature, different from his predecessor Nancy MacBeth, however his soft-spoken nature did not help the party rise in polls.

He left provincial politics to run for the federal Liberals in the riding of Lethbridge in 2004, but lost in a landslide to incumbent Rick Casson.

Nicol is currently an associate professor at the University of Lethbridge.
2024 Punjab provincial election
Provincial elections were held in the Pakistani province of Punjab on 8 February 2024 to elect a new provincial legislature. On 5 August 2023, the results of the 2023 digital census were approved by the Council of Common Interests headed by Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif. Therefore, elections have been delayed for several months, as new delimitations will be published on 14 December 2023, as announced by the Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP). On 19 November 2023, the ECP announced, in agreement with the President of Pakistan, Arif Alvi, that the elections will be held on 8 February 2024. The election was held concurrently with nationwide general elections and other provincial elections.

Arif Alvi
Arif-ur-Rehman Alvi (born 29 July 1949) is a Pakistani politician and former dentist who served as the 13th president of Pakistan from September 2018 to March 2024. He was a member of the National Assembly from 2013 until being elected president in 2018. Alvi entered politics in 1979 by joining Jamaat-e-Islami, but later resigned and became one of the founding members of the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf.

Alvi was elected to the National Assembly, from NA-250 Karachi-XII in 2013 and was re-elected in 2018 from NA-247 Karachi South-II. He was later nominated as the PTI's candidate for the presidential election. He was elected as the 13th President of Pakistan after defeating Fazal-ur-Rehman and Aitzaz Ahsan, after which he resigned from the National Assembly and was sworn into office on 9 September 2018, succeeding Mamnoon Hussain.
Service number (United States Armed Forces)
Service numbers were used by the United States Department of Defense as the primary means of service member identification from 1918 until 1974 (and before 1947 by the U.S. Army and U.S. Navy). Service numbers are public information available under the Freedom of Information Act, unlike social security numbers which are protected by the Privacy Act of 1974.

Service number
A service number or roll number is an identification code used to identify a person within a large group. Service numbers are most often associated with the military; however, they also may be used in civilian organizations. National identification numbers may be seen as types of service numbers.

The term "serial number" is often seen as a synonym of service number; however, a serial number more accurately describes manufacture and product codes, rather than personnel identification. In the Canadian military, a "serial number" referred to a unique number assigned each unit that mobilized for the Second World War.
Commandos Military Unit
The Jednostka Wojskowa Komandosów, commonly called JWK and formerly known as 1 Pułk Specjalny Komandosów (1 PSK), is one of six special forces units currently operating within Poland's Centrum Operacji Specjalnych - Dowództwo Komponentu Wojsk Specjalnych (COS - DKWS, en. Special Operations Center - Special Forces Component Command). JWK (although under different name and with different structure) was formed in 1961 and is the oldest still active Polish special operations unit. The unit is located in Lubliniec, Poland.

The regiment has carried out the majority of special operations that have resulted in the gathering of actual Polish Intelligence. In the early years of the global war on terrorism, The regiment carried out special operations alongside US Navy SEALs from the Naval Special Warfare Development Group also known as SEAL Team Six.

Special operations
Special operations or special ops are military activities conducted, according to NATO, by "specially designated, organized, selected, trained, and equipped forces using unconventional techniques and modes of employment." Special operations may include reconnaissance, unconventional warfare, and counterterrorism, and are typically conducted by small groups of highly trained personnel, emphasizing sufficiency, stealth, speed, and tactical coordination, commonly known as special forces (SF) or special operations forces (SOF).
Balthazar Alexis Henri Schauenburg
Balthazar Alexis Henri Schauenburg (also spelled Schauenbourg), (born in Hellimer on 31 July 1748 and died in Geudertheim on 1 September 1831) was a French general who served in the wars of the French Revolution and the Empire. He briefly commanded the Army of the Moselle in 1793 during the War of the First Coalition. A nobleman, he joined the French Royal Army as a sous-lieutenant in 1764. The French Revolution led to rapid promotion and then to arrest for the crime of being an aristocrat. Later restored to command, he commanded Kehl in 1796 and invaded Switzerland in 1798. He served in Jean Victor Marie Moreau's army in 1800 and held commands in the interior under the First French Empire. He retired from the army in 1814 and died in 1831. Schawembourg is one of the names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe, on Column 23.

Jean Victor Marie Moreau
Jean Victor Marie Moreau (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ viktɔʁ maʁi mɔʁo], 14 February 1763 – 2 September 1813) was a French general who helped Napoleon Bonaparte rise to power, but later became his chief military and political rival and was banished to the United States. A product of the French Revolution, he is among the foremost French generals in military history. He led the French Revolutionary Army to a series of victories, including the major Battle of Hohenlinden; however, he also suffered defeats against such capable military commanders as Archduke Charles and Alexander Suvorov.
Kronheimer–Mrowka basic class
In mathematics, the Kronheimer–Mrowka basic classes are elements of the second cohomology  of a simply connected, smooth 4-manifold  of simple type that determine its Donaldson polynomials. They were introduced by Peter B. Kronheimer and Tomasz S. Mrowka (1994, 1995).

4-manifold
In mathematics, a 4-manifold is a 4-dimensional topological manifold. A smooth 4-manifold is a 4-manifold with a smooth structure. In dimension four, in marked contrast with lower dimensions, topological and smooth manifolds  are quite different. There exist some topological 4-manifolds which admit no smooth structure, and even if there exists a smooth structure, it need not be unique (i.e. there are smooth 4-manifolds which are homeomorphic but not diffeomorphic).

4-manifolds are important in physics because in general relativity, spacetime is modeled as a pseudo-Riemannian 4-manifold.