hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Crossing of the Somme
The Crossing of the Somme took place on 5 August 1636 during the Thirty Years' War and the Franco-Spanish War when units of the Spanish Army of Flanders and the Imperial Army under Thomas Francis, Prince of Carignano, lieutenant of the Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria, crossed the Somme river near Bray-sur-Somme during its offensive in French territory. Despite the fierce resistance of the French army led by Louis de Bourbon, Count of Soissons, the allied troops successfully crossed the river and drove off the French troops along the Oise river, proceeding over the following weeks to invest the important fortress of Corbie, located two leagues upriver of Amiens, which caused a spread of panic among the population of Paris.

Louis, Count of Soissons
Louis de Bourbon, Comte de Soissons (May 1604 – 6 July 1641) was the son of Charles de Bourbon, Count of Soissons and his wife, Anne de Montafié, Countess of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis. A second cousin of Louis XIII he was a prince du Sang, those considered part of the royal family. Part of the faction who opposed Cardinal Richelieu and his policy of war with Spain, he was killed leading a revolt at the Battle of La Marfée in 1641.
Glacier Lake (Elmore County, Idaho)
Glacier Lake is a small alpine lake in Elmore County, Idaho, United States, located in the Sawtooth Mountains in the Sawtooth National Recreation Area.  There are no trails that lead to Glacier Lake, although Sawtooth National Forest trails 459, 494, and 458 are relatively close by.

Glacier Lake is in the Sawtooth Wilderness, and a wilderness permit can be obtained at a registration box at trailheads or wilderness boundaries.  The lake is 0.12 mi (0.19 km) upstream of, and 200 ft (61 m) higher than the Hole.

The Hole (lake)
The Hole Lake is a small alpine lake in Elmore County, Idaho, United States, located in the Sawtooth Mountains in the Sawtooth National Recreation Area.  The lake is accessed from Sawtooth National Forest trail 459 along Johnson Creek.

The Hole is in the Sawtooth Wilderness, and a wilderness permit can be obtained at a registration box at trailheads or wilderness boundaries.  This lake is just upstream of Johnson Lake.
Barbiano di Cotignola
Barbiano di Cotignola is a frazione (parish) of Cotignola, in the province of Ravenna, Italy. It is a small village, known as the birthplace of the medieval condottiero Alberico da Barbiano.

It is home to a Romanesque pieve.

Pieve
In Italy in the Middle Ages, a pieve (Italian pronunciation: [ˈpjɛːve], Corsican: [ˈpjɛvɛ]; Latin: plebe; pl.: pievi) was a rural church with a baptistery, upon which other churches without baptisteries depended. Pieve is also an Italian and Corsican term signifying the medieval ecclesiastical/administrative territory of its the mother church. It has thus become a common component of both place names and of the names of churches.

The Italian word pieve is descended from Latin plebs which, after the expansion of Christianity in Italy, was applied to the community of baptized people. Many pievi began to appear in the 5th century, as Christianity expanded in the rural areas outside the main cities. In the 9th-10th centuries, they were often designed with bell towers.
Pseudoasthenocormus
Pseudoasthenocormus is an extinct genus of ray-finned fish belonging to the family Pachycormidae. It contains one species, P. retrodorsalis. It lived during the upper Jurassic (Kimmeridgian–Tithonian, about 152–148 million years ago) and its fossil remains have been found in Germany.

Asthenocormus
Asthenocormus is an extinct genus of large marine pachycormiform ray-finned fish. It contains a single species, A. titanius. A member of the edentulous suspension feeding clade within the Pachycormiformes, fossils have been found in the Upper Jurassic plattenkalks of Bavaria, Germany.
Teddy Taylor
Sir Edward MacMillan Taylor (18 April 1937 – 20 September 2017), known as Teddy Taylor, was a British Conservative Party politician who was a Member of Parliament (MP) for forty years, from 1964 to 1979 for Glasgow Cathcart and from 1980 to 2005 for Southend East.

He professed Euroscepticism all his life and was a leading member and vice-president of the Conservative Monday Club.

Glasgow Cathcart (UK Parliament constituency)
Glasgow Cathcart was a burgh constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1918 until 2005, when it was replaced by the larger Glasgow South constituency.

It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) using the first-past-the-post voting system.
Carrie (miniseries)
Carrie is an upcoming American supernatural horror television miniseries developed by Mike Flanagan, based on the 1974 novel of the same name by Stephen King. Starring Summer H. Howell in the titular role, it also features Siena Agudong, Alison Thornton, Thalia Dudek, Amber Midthunder, Josie Totah, Arthur Conti, Joel Oulette, with Matthew Lillard, and Samantha Sloyan.

Carrie is set to premiere on Prime Video in October 2026.

Amber Midthunder
Amber Thunder Rose Midthunder (born April 26, 1997) is an American actress.

She had regular roles in the FX series Legion and The CW series Roswell, New Mexico, and also appeared on Longmire, Banshee, and Reservation Dogs. In 2022, she starred as Naru in Prey, the fifth installment and first prequel of the Predator franchise.
Mount Vernon Harcourt
Mount Vernon Harcourt, also unofficially known as Mount Harcourt, is a conical stratovolcano, that rises over 1,535 meters, making up part of the Hallett Peninsula extending into the Ross Sea about 375 mi (604 km) south of Mount Erebus, along with three overlapping shield volcanoes. The mountain was discovered in January 1841 by Sir James Clark Ross and named by him for the Reverend William Vernon Harcourt, one of the founders of the British Association.

Mount Vernon Harcourt is part of the Hallett Volcanic Province of the McMurdo Volcanic Group. Two dates have been obtained from the volcano's rock, roughly 5.5 and 6.6 million years in age. These samples are alkalic in composition.

Hallett Peninsula
The Hallett Peninsula (72°30′S 170°10′E﻿ / ﻿72.500°S 170.167°E﻿ / -72.500; 170.167) is a triangular, dome-shaped peninsula, 20 nautical miles (37 km; 23 mi) long, with 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) cliffs on its eastern seaboard side and 300 metres (980 ft) on its west side. The peninsula extends from Cape Hallett to Cape Wheatstone and is joined to the mainland by a narrow ridge between Tucker Glacier and Edisto Inlet. It was so named by the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition (NZGSAE), 1957–58, because Hallett Station on Seabee Hook was established at the north end of the peninsula.
Dansul
Dansul (Korean: 단술; pronounced [tan.sul]; lit. 'sweet wine') or gamju (감주; [kam.dʑu]) is a milky (or cloudy) Korean rice wine made with rice, glutinous rice, and nuruk (fermentation starter). Due to the incomplete fermentation of the rice, the wine has relatively low alcohol content (2‒3% ABV) and sweet and slightly tangy notes.

Nuruk
Nuruk (Korean: 누룩) is a traditional Korean fermentation starter. It is used to make various types of Korean alcoholic beverages including takju, cheongju, and soju. It is an essential ingredient in shindari and is mixed with rice. Historically, it was used in a variety of provinces of Korea, including Jeju Island.

Wheat, rice (of both the glutinous and non-glutinous types), and barley are used to make nuruk, either as whole grain or in the form of grits or flour. Wheat nuruk is the most common variety. The dry grain is moistened, shaped into a large cake, and hung up to ferment for 2‒4 weeks in an ondol room. The cake matures at a precise temperature until a mold forms.
Emydops
Emydops is an extinct genus of dicynodont therapsids from the Middle Permian to Late Permian of what is now South Africa. The genus is generally small and herbivorous, sharing the dicynodont synapomorphy of bearing two tusks. In the following years, the genus grew to include fourteen species. Many of these species were erected on the basis of differences in the teeth and the positioning of the frontal and parietal bones. A 2008 study narrowed Emydops down to two species, E. arctatus (first described by English paleontologist Richard Owen as Cistecephalus arctatus in 1876) and the newly described E. oweni.

Lopingian
The Lopingian,  informally the Late or Upper Permian, is the uppermost series/last epoch of the Permian, and last epoch of the Paleozoic. The Lopingian was preceded by the Guadalupian and followed by the Early Triassic.

The name was introduced by Amadeus William Grabau in 1931 and derives from Leping, Jiangxi in China. It consists of two stages/ages. The earlier is the Wuchiapingian and the later is the Changhsingian.

The International Chronostratigraphic Chart (v2018/07) provides a numerical age of 259.1 ±0.5 Ma. If a Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) has been approved, the lower boundary of the earliest stage determines numerical age of an epoch. The GSSP for the Wuchiapingian has a numerical age of 259.8 ± 0.4 Ma.

Evidence from Milankovitch cycles suggests that the length of an Earth day during this epoch was approximately 22 hours.
Last Game
Last Game (Japanese: ラストゲーム, Hepburn: Rasuto Gēmu) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Shinobu Amano. It was serialized in Hakusensha's shōjo manga magazine LaLa from July 2011 to June 2016. The series follows Naoto Yanagi and Mikoto Kujō from the time they meet in elementary school until their second year in college, where most of the series takes place.

LaLa
LaLa is a monthly Japanese shōjo manga magazine published by Hakusensha on the 24th of each month. The magazine's bonus contents are usually calendars for New Year issues, drama CDs, and so on. In a 2006 survey conducted by Oricon, Japanese girls selected LaLa as their fifth favorite manga anthology, along with Shogakukan's Shōjo Comic and Kodansha's Weekly Shōnen Magazine.
Andrew Montagu Douglas Scott
Brigadier Claud Andrew Montagu Douglas Scott, DSO (13 July 1906 – 24 January 1971) was the first child and only son born to Lieutenant Colonel Lord Herbert Andrew Montagu Douglas Scott and Marie Josephine Edwards. He was a grandson of William Henry Walter Montagu Douglas Scott, 6th Duke of Buccleuch & 8th Duke of Queensberry and Louisa Montagu Douglas Scott, Duchess of Buccleuch and Queensberry, and a paternal first cousin to Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester. He was a maternal first cousin once removed to Prince William of Gloucester and Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester, a paternal great-uncle to Sarah Ferguson, and a maternal second great-uncle to Princesses Beatrice and Eugenie of York.

William Montagu-Douglas-Scott, 6th Duke of Buccleuch
William Henry Walter Montagu-Douglas-Scott, 6th Duke of Buccleuch and 8th Duke of Queensberry (9 September 1831 – 5 November 1914) was a Scottish Member of Parliament and peer. He was the paternal grandfather of Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester.
Velayudham (soundtrack)
Velayudham is the soundtrack album to the 2011 film of the same name directed by Mohan Raja and produced by V. Ravichandran, starring Vijay, Hansika Motwani and Genelia D'Souza. The soundtrack featured six songs with lyrics written by Annamalai, Viveka, Priyan and Siva Shanmugam. It was released through Sony Music Entertainment on 28 August 2011 at an open event in Madurai. The album received positive reviews from critics and sold more than one lakh audio CDs on the day of its release, becoming a commercial success.

Viveka (lyricist)
Viveka is an Indian lyricist working on Tamil language films. His debut movie was Nee Varuvai Ena. Vivega has worked on over 2000+ songs.

He has got many awards for his songs which have been listened all over the world.
Diane Venora
Diane Venora is an American stage, television and film actress. She graduated from the Juilliard School in 1977 and made her film debut in 1981 opposite Albert Finney in Wolfen. She won the New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actress for Bird (1988). Her other films include The Cotton Club (1984), Ironweed (1987), Heat (1995), Romeo + Juliet (1996), The Jackal (1997), The Insider (1999) and Hamlet (2000).

The Jackal (1997 film)
The Jackal is a 1997 American action thriller film directed by Michael Caton-Jones. It is a loose take on the 1973 film The Day of the Jackal, which was based on the 1971 novel of the same name by Frederick Forsyth. The film stars Bruce Willis, Richard Gere, and Sidney Poitier in his final theatrically released film role.

The Jackal was released in the United States by Universal Pictures on November 14, 1997. The film received mostly negative reviews from critics but was a commercial success, grossing $159.3 million worldwide against a $60 million budget.
Glossarion
Glossarion is a genus of South American flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.

Species

Glossarion bilabiatum (Maguire) Pruski  - Amazonas State in Venezuela and Amazonas State in Brazil

Glossarion rhodanthum Maguire & Wurdack - Amazonas State in Venezuela and Amazonas State in Brazil

Amazonas (Venezuelan state)
Amazonas State (Spanish: Estado Amazonas, IPA: [esˈtaðo amaˈsonas]) is one of the 23 states into which Venezuela is divided. It covers nearly a fifth of the area of Venezuela, but has less than 1% of Venezuela's population.

The state capital is Puerto Ayacucho. The capital until the early 1900s was San Fernando de Atabapo. Although named after the Amazon River, most of the state is drained by the Orinoco River. Amazonas State covers 176,899 km2 and, in 2007, had a population of 142,200. Its density is 0.8 inhabitants per km2.

Amazonas has Venezuela's highest proportion of indigenous peoples of Venezuela; these make up only around 1.5% of the population nationwide, but the proportion is nearly 50% in Amazonas.: 52
MV Moonta
MV Moonta is a historical retired Australian costal passenger ship that operated primarily in the Spencer Gulf from 1931 to 1955 for the Adelaide Steamship Company. She is currently a landlocked casino ship and tourist attraction in Le Barcarès, France. She was built in 1931, by Burmeister & Wain in Copenhagen, Denmark. 42°49′38.92″N 3°2′28.34″E﻿ / ﻿42.8274778°N 3.0412056°E﻿ / 42.8274778; 3.0412056

Spencer Gulf
The Spencer Gulf is the westernmost and larger of two large inlets (the other being Gulf St Vincent) on the southern coast of Australia, in the state of South Australia, facing the Great Australian Bight. It spans from the Cape Catastrophe and Eyre Peninsula in the west to Cape Spencer and Yorke Peninsula in the east.

The largest towns on the gulf are Port Lincoln, Whyalla, Port Pirie, and Port Augusta. Smaller towns on the gulf include Tumby Bay, Port Neill, Arno Bay, Cowell, Port Germein, Port Broughton, Wallaroo, Port Hughes, Port Victoria, Port Rickaby, Point Turton, and Corny Point.
The Empusium
The Empusium: A Health Resort Horror Story (Polish: Empuzjon. Horror przyrodoleczniczy) is a 2022 historical novel by Olga Tokarczuk. Originally published in Polish by Wydawnictwo Literackie, it was later translated to English by Antonia Lloyd-Jones and published in 2024 by Riverhead Books (US) and Fitzcarraldo Editions (UK). It was Tokarczuk's first new novel in eight years, and her first since winning the Nobel Prize in Literature.

Fitzcarraldo Editions
Fitzcarraldo Editions is an independent British book publisher based in Deptford, London, specialising in literary fiction, poetry and long-form essays in both translation and English-language originals.  It focuses on experimental, ambitious, imaginative, and innovative writing by little-known and neglected authors. Fitzcarraldo Editions currently publishes twenty-two titles a year. Four of Fitzcarraldo's authors have gone on to win the Nobel Prize in Literature: Svetlana Alexievich (2015), Olga Tokarczuk (2018), Annie Ernaux (2022) and Jon Fosse (2023).
Andy Proudlove
Andrew George Proudlove (15 January 1955 – 25 September 2017) was an English footballer. A winger, he played for Reading, Buxton, Sheffield Wednesday, Norwich City, Hereford United, Port Vale, Stafford Rangers, Macclesfield Town, Matlock Town, and KuPS. He won the Cheshire County League title with Buxton in 1972–73.

Stafford Rangers F.C.
Stafford Rangers Football Club is a semi-professional English football team from Stafford which plays in the Northern Premier League Division One West.

The team wear black and white stripes with black shorts. Stafford Rangers' rivals include Tamworth, Hednesford Town, Burton Albion and Telford United.
Shiawassee National Wildlife Refuge
The Shiawassee National Wildlife Refuge is a 9,870.35 acres (39.9439 km2) National Wildlife Refuge in Saginaw County managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. It is located in the central portion of the lower peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan, approximately 25 miles (40 km) south of the Saginaw Bay in Lake Huron and five miles (8 km) south of the city of Saginaw in the county's Spaulding and James townships. It was established in 1953 to provide habitat for migratory waterfowl.

Known locally as the Shiawassee Flats, the refuge lies in the Saginaw Bay watershed, historically one of the largest and most productive wetland ecosystems in Michigan. The Bad, Flint, and Cass Rivers flow into the Shiawassee River in the refuge. Here also the Shiawassee converges with the Tittabawassee River to form the Saginaw River.

Saginaw River
The Saginaw River is a 22.4-mile-long (36.0 km) river in the U.S. state of Michigan.  It is formed by the confluence of the Tittabawassee and Shiawassee rivers southwest of Saginaw. It flows northward into the Saginaw Bay of Lake Huron, passing through the cities of Saginaw and Bay City, both of which developed around it in the 19th century. The watershed area is 8,595 square miles (22,260 km2). At its mouth, the river's estimated average discharge is 4,827 cubic feet per second (136.7 m3/s).

The river is an important shipping route for Mid-Michigan, passing through the cities of Saginaw and Bay City. It is one of Michigan's few inland navigable rivers. The Saginaw River Rear Range Light, one of a pair of lighthouses built in 1876 to improve navigation, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. Since the turn of the 21st century, it is being renovated.
Alavi Moulana
Seyed Ahmed Seyed Alavi Moulana (1 January 1932 – 15 June 2016) was a Sri Lankan politician, who entered politics in 1948 as a trade unionist. He was the 5th Governor of Western Province, having assumed office on 1 February 2002. He was a member of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party, Cabinet Minister of Labour, and a councillor in the Colombo Municipal Council. He was the Senior Vice-President of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party and was also a social and religious worker. He also served as acting Governor for Sabaragamuwa in 2009.

Colombo Municipal Council
The Colombo Municipal Council is the municipal governing body of Colombo, the largest city and financial centre in Sri Lanka. It consists of a directly elected executive Mayor of Colombo, and elected 119 municipal councilors. The council was formed in 1865, it first met in 1866 and derives most of its powers from Municipal Council Ordinance No. 29 of 1947.

It is the oldest and the largest local government authority in Sri Lanka which covers a resident population of over 600,000 (as of 2001). It is one of the largest employers in the country with over 12,000 employees.
Geography of the Pitcairn Islands
The Pitcairn Islands are a group of four islands in the south Pacific Ocean: the group comprises Pitcairn Island (a volcanic island), Henderson Island (an uplifted coral island), and two coral atolls, Oeno Island  and Ducie Island.

The only inhabited island, Pitcairn, has an area of 5 km2 (1.9 sq mi) and a population density of 10/km2 (26/sq mi); it is only accessible by boat through Bounty Bay.
The other islands are at a distance of more than 100 km (62 mi).

Oeno Island
Oeno Island (/oʊˈiːnoʊ/ oh-EE-noh) or Holiday Island is an uninhabited coral atoll in the South Pacific Ocean, part of the Pitcairn Islands overseas territory. It is part of the Pitcairn Island Group, together with Pitcairn, Henderson and Ducie islands.
Mayorella
Mayorella is a genus of small amoeboid protists in the phylum Amoebozoa. The genus consists of amoebae that exhibit pseudopodia and feed on a variety of organisms through phagocytosis, making them an important group in microbial ecology across most environments worldwide. Mayorella species have been found in soil, freshwater and marine environments.

Phagocytosis
Phagocytosis (from Ancient Greek  φαγεῖν (phagein) 'to eat' and  κύτος (kytos) 'cell') is the process by which a cell uses its plasma membrane to engulf a large particle (≥ 0.5 μm), giving rise to an internal compartment called the phagosome.  It is one type of endocytosis. A cell that performs phagocytosis is called a phagocyte.

In a multicellular organism's immune system, phagocytosis is a major mechanism used to remove pathogens and cell debris. The ingested material is then digested in the phagosome. Bacteria, dead tissue cells, and small mineral particles are all examples of objects that may be phagocytized. Some protozoa use phagocytosis as means to obtain nutrients. The two main cells that do this are the Macrophages and the Neutrophils of the immune system.

Where phagocytosis is used as a means of feeding and provides the organism part or all of its nourishment, it is called phagotrophy and is distinguished from osmotrophy, which is nutrition taking place by absorption.
William Refshauge
Major General Sir William Dudley Duncan Refshauge, AC, CBE, ED, FRCOG (3 April 1913 – 27 May 2009) was an Australian soldier and public health administrator. He was Honorary Physician to Queen Elizabeth II (1955–64), director-general of the Australian Government Department of Health (1960–73), and secretary-general of the World Medical Association (1973–76).

Department of Health (Australia, 1921–1987)
The Department of Health was an Australian government department that existed between March 1921 and July 1987.

In 1987, the Department of Health was merged with the Department of Community Services to form the Department of Community Services and Health.
City in Darkness
City in Darkness, also known as Charlie Chan in City in Darkness is a 1939 American drama film directed by Herbert I. Leeds and starring Sidney Toler, Lynn Bari, and Richard Clark. It is one of the films in the Charlie Chan film series, the fourth starring Toler, and was released on December 1, 1939.

Lynn Bari
Lynn Bari (born Marjorie Schuyler Fisher; December 18, 1919 – November 20, 1989) was an American film actress who specialized in playing sultry, statuesque man-killers in roughly 150 films for 20th Century Fox, from the early 1930s through the 1940s.