hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Potong gigi
Potong gigi, also known as mesangih or mepandes, is a form of ritual body modification of adolescents, typically teenagers, in parts of Bali that involves the filing of the canine teeth. Traditional Balinese belief states that "protruding canines represent the animal-like nature of human beings"; the purpose of the ritual is to sever ties with these animal instincts and show others that the individual is old enough to marry. Considered a generational ritual, parents of adolescents performing it consider it their "final duty" in being a parent before their child becomes an adult. Reasons adolescents take part in the ceremony are mixed, as they must take into consideration the impacts of globalization with traditional Balinese ritual.

Body modification
Body modification (or body alteration) is the deliberate altering of the human anatomy or human physical appearance. In its broadest definition it includes skin tattooing, socially acceptable decoration (e.g., common body piercing in many societies), and religious rites of passage (e.g., circumcision in a number of cultures), as well as the modern primitive movement.

Body modification is performed for a large variety of reasons, including aesthetics, sexual enhancement, rites of passage, religious beliefs, to display group membership or affiliation, in remembrance of lived experience, traditional symbolism such as axis mundi and mythology, to create body art, for shock value, and as self-expression, among other reasons.
Indotherium
Indotherium is an extinct genus of mammaliaforms that lived in what is now India during the Early Jurassic. It contains one species, I. pranhitai, which is known from two upper molar teeth found in the Kota Formation of Telangana. When it was first described, it was assigned to the paraphyletic group "Symmetrodonta", but later studies have reinterpreted it as a possible member of the family Morganucodontidae.

Kota Formation
The Kota Formation is a geological formation in India. The age of the Kota Formation is uncertain; it is commonly considered to date to the Early Jurassic, but some studies have suggested it may extend into the Middle Jurassic or even later. It conformably overlies the Lower Jurassic Upper Dharmaram Formation and is unconformably overlain by the Lower Cretaceous Gangapur Formation. It is split into a Lower Member and Upper Member. The Lower Member is approximately 100 m thick while the Upper Member is 490 m thick. Both subunits primarily consist of mudstone and sandstone, but near the base of the upper unit there  is a 20-30 metre thick succession of limestone deposited in a freshwater setting.
Kunar, Budaun
Kunar is a village in Salarpur block, Budaun district, Uttar Pradesh, India.Village code of Kunar is 128234.
As per the report of 2011 Census of India, The total population of the village is 1172, where 616 are males and 556 are females. The village is administrated by Gram Panchayat.

Salarpur, Budaun
Salarpur is a Block and village panchayat in Budaun district, Uttar Pradesh, India. Its block code is 0180. 67 panchayat of Budaun district comes under Salarpur block. According to 2011 Census of India, the total houses in Salarpur is 27,767 and total population is 1,68,197 out of 90,637 are males and 77,560 are females.
Wildlife of Norway
The wildlife of Norway includes the diverse flora and fauna of Norway. The habitats include high mountains, tundras, rivers, lakes, wetlands, sea coast and some lower cultivated land in the south. Mainland Norway has a long coastline, protected by skerries and much dissected by fjords, and the mostly-icebound archipelago of Svalbard lies further north. The flora is very varied and a large range of mammals, birds (many migratory), fish and invertebrate  species live here, as well as a few species of reptiles and amphibians.

Tundra
In physical geography, a tundra (/ˈtʌndrə, ˈtʊn-/) is a type of biome where tree growth is hindered by frigid temperatures and short growing seasons. There are three regions and associated types of tundra: Arctic, Alpine, and Antarctic.

Tundra vegetation is composed of dwarf shrubs, sedges, grasses, mosses, and lichens. Scattered trees grow in some tundra regions. The ecotone (or ecological boundary region) between the tundra and the forest is known as the tree line or timberline. The tundra soil is rich in nitrogen and phosphorus. The soil also contains large amounts of biomass and decomposed biomass that has been stored as methane and carbon dioxide in the permafrost, making the tundra soil a carbon sink. As global warming heats the ecosystem and causes soil thawing, the permafrost carbon cycle accelerates and releases much of these soil-contained greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, creating a feedback cycle that contributes to climate change.
Devil's Appendix
The Devil's Appendix (Welsh: Nant Clogwyn y Geifr) is the tallest single-drop waterfall in Wales and one of the tallest in the United Kingdom. It is a plunge style waterfall located on the Clogwyn y Geifr cliffs beside Twll Du in Cwm Idwal, Snowdonia, Wales.

It is formed where a small stream falls for approximately 305 feet (93 metres) to reach the slopes above Llyn Idwal. Depending on flow and the ambient temperature, it can be either an ice climbing route, a single drop waterfall, or a broken waterfall.

Llyn Idwal
Llyn Idwal is a small lake (approximately 800 m by 300 m, or 28 acres) that lies within Cwm Idwal in the Glyderau mountains of Snowdonia.

It is named after Prince Idwal Foel, a grandson of Rhodri Mawr, one of the ancient Kings of Wales. Legend states that the king's unfortunate offspring was murdered by being drowned in the lake. In fact Idwal Foel died in battle against the Saxons in 942 and an alternate version claims that he was cremated beside the lake, as was the burial custom for Celtic nobility.

A number of small streams flow into Llyn Idwal from around Cwm Idwal. One small river flows out and joins the Afon Ogwen river at Pont Pen-y-Benglog near Ogwen Cottage, immediately above the Rhaeadr Ogwen waterfall. It is considered relatively oligotrophic.
NGC 7065
NGC 7065 Is a barred spiral galaxy located about 320 million light-years away in the constellation of Aquarius. NGC 7065 is part of a pair of galaxies that contains the galaxy NGC 7065A. NGC 7065 was discovered by astronomer Albert Marth on August 3, 1864.

Aquarius (constellation)
Aquarius is an equatorial constellation of the zodiac, between Capricornus and Pisces. Its name is Latin for "water-carrier" or "cup-carrier", and its traditional astrological symbol is  (♒︎), a representation of water. Aquarius is one of the oldest of the recognized constellations along the zodiac (the Sun's apparent path). It was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations. It is found in a region often called the Sea due to its profusion of constellations with watery associations such as Cetus the whale, Pisces the fish, and Eridanus the river.

At apparent magnitude 2.9, Beta Aquarii is the brightest star in the constellation.
Trace radioisotope
A trace radioisotope is a radioisotope that occurs naturally in trace amounts (i.e. extremely small). Generally speaking, trace radioisotopes have half-lives that are short in comparison with the age of the Earth, since primordial nuclides tend to occur in larger than trace amounts. Trace radioisotopes are therefore present only because they are continually produced on Earth by natural processes. Natural processes which produce trace radioisotopes include cosmic ray bombardment of stable nuclides, ordinary alpha and beta decay of the long-lived heavy nuclides, thorium-232, uranium-238, and uranium-235, spontaneous fission of uranium-238, and nuclear transmutation reactions induced by natural radioactivity, such as the production of plutonium-239 and uranium-236 from neutron capture by natural uranium.

Isotopes of chlorine
Chlorine (17Cl) has two stable isotopes, 35Cl (75.8%) and 37Cl (24.2%), giving chlorine a standard atomic weight of 35.45. Artificical radioisotopes are known ranging from 28Cl to 52Cl, and there are also two isomers, 34mCl and 38mCl. The longest-lived radioactive isotope is 36Cl, which has a half-life of 301,000 years. All other isotopes and isomers have half-lives under an hour, and most under 10 seconds.
Neustadt (Sachs) station
Neustadt (Sachs) (German: Bahnhof Neustadt (Sachs)) is a railway station in the town of Neustadt in Sachsen, Saxony, Germany. The station lies on the Bautzen–Bad Schandau railway and Neustadt–Dürrröhrsdorf railway.

The station is served by DB Regio Südost. This service connects Pirna and Sebnitz via Neustadt.

Neustadt in Sachsen
Neustadt in Sachsen (German pronunciation: [ˈnɔʏʃtat ʔɪn ˈzaksn̩] ⓘ) is a town in the Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge district, in Saxony, Germany. It is situated near the border with the Czech Republic, 35 km east of Dresden (centre), and 23 km southwest of Bautzen. At Neustadt, there is an Observation Tower at Goetzinger's Height, one of the oldest lattice towers in the world.

On August 1, 2007 the villages Berthelsdorf, Langburkersdorf, Niederottendorf, Oberottendorf, Rückersdorf and Rugiswalde of the former municipality Hohwald were integrated into the town.
Sandstad Municipality
Sandstad is a former municipality in the old Sør-Trøndelag county, Norway. The 160-square-kilometre (62 sq mi) municipality existed from 1914 until its dissolution in 1964 when it was merged into what is now Hitra Municipality in Trøndelag county. The former Sandstad Municipality included all of the southern and southeastern parts of the island of Hitra, plus the several islands in the Trondheimsleia off the shores of the island of Hitra. The municipality had one church, Sandstad Church, located in the village of Sandstad.

Prior to its dissolution in 1963, the 160-square-kilometre (62 sq mi) municipality was the 425th largest by area out of the 689 municipalities in Norway. Sandstad Municipality was the 609th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of about 1,030. The municipality's population density was 6.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (17/sq mi) and its population had decreased by 5.9% over the previous 10-year period.

Trondheimsleia
The Trondheimsleia is a strait in Møre og Romsdal and Trøndelag counties in Norway. The 94-kilometre (58 mi) long strait runs between the islands of Smøla and Hitra and the mainland municipalities of Aure, Heim, and Orkland. The strait has several fjords which branch off it including the Ramsøyfjorden, Hemnfjorden, and Trondheimsfjorden. The islands of Leksa are located in the Trondheimsleia in Orkland Municipality. The Hitra Tunnel is a road tunnel underneath the Trondheimsleia connecting the island of Hitra to the mainland.
2018 Delaware Senate election
The 2018 Delaware Senate election was held on November 6, 2018, to elect 10 of the 21 members to Delaware's State Senate. The election coincided with the elections for other offices, including U.S. Senate, U.S. House of Representatives, and state house. The primary election was held on September 6, 2018.

Delaware Republicans needed to have a net gain of one seat to flip the chamber from the Democrats, however, Democrats increased their majority in the Senate by gaining one seat (winning 12 seats, compared to nine seats for the Republicans).

2018 United States Senate election in Delaware
The 2018 United States Senate election in Delaware took place on November 6, 2018, to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the State of Delaware, concurrently with other elections to the United States Senate, elections to the United States House of Representatives, and various state and local elections.

The primary for this U.S. Senate election was held on Thursday, September 6, 2018. The Democratic Party nominated incumbent U.S. Senator Tom Carper and the Republican Party nominated Sussex County Councilman Rob Arlett.

Incumbent Democratic Senator Tom Carper was re-elected to a fourth, and ultimately final, term. Despite Carper's victory, Arlett managed to flip Sussex County, typically a reliably Republican county in Delaware. This subsequently marked the first time Carper lost the county since his first election to the Senate in 2000.
Bhadmi
Bhadmi, aka Bahadmi or Bahidmi, is a village and deh in Badin taluka of Badin District, Sindh. As of 2017, it has a population of 2,874, in 527 households. It is the seat of a tapedar circle, which also includes the villages of Chobandi, Dingher, Khalifa, Khudi, Lundo, Nareri, Palh, and Waghu Daho.

Badin Tehsil
Badin Tehsil (Sindhi: بدين) is an administrative subdivision (Taluka) of Badin District in Sindh, Pakistan. It is one of five Talukas in the district, alongside Golarchi (also known as Shaheed Fazil Rahu), Matli, Talhar, and Tando Bago.

Badin Tehsil is further divided into 12 Union Councils, including (namely Badin 1, Badin 2 and Badin 3) which together constitute the district capital, Badin. Other Union Councils in the Tehsil include Nindo Shaher and Haji Abdullah Shah.
Boyland Common
Boyland Common is a place in the English county of Norfolk. It lies on the border of Fersfield and Shelfanger parishes. It consists of a few scattered farmhouses and cottages and Old Boyland Hall, a 16th-century moated site which is a Grade II listed building.

Boyland Common is named after Lord Robert Boyland. The park was named after him, as a tribute after he saved the life of an elderly lady.

Shelfanger
Shelfanger is a village situated about 3 miles from the town of Diss, Norfolk, England. There is a church and a village hall in the village. It covers an area of 6.99 km2 (2.70 sq mi) and had a population of 362 in 150 households at the 2001 census, the population increasing to 378 at the 2011 census.

In previous years there was a school, a post office, a pub, three shops, a blacksmiths and a garage run by a family of brothers called Bowman. These have all now been closed down. Josh Kirby (died 2001), an artist lived there.
Sri (Odissi raga)
Sri (Odia: ଶ୍ରୀ ରାଗ, romanized: śrī rāga, also spelled Shri & Shree) is a rāga belonging to the tradition of Odissi music. Falling under the meḷa of the same name, the raga uses komala nisada swara and is traditionally associated with the melancholic karuna rasa. The raga is mentioned in treatises such as the Gita Prakasa and Sangita Narayana. Among its angaragas, Dhanasri, Bangalasri, Karunasri, Malasri, Madhusri, Dakhinasri are well-known.

Dhanasri
Dhanasri (Odia: ଧନାଶ୍ରୀ, romanized: dhanāsri) is a rāga belonging to the tradition of Odissi music. Falling under the meḷa of the same name, the raga uses komala gandhara and komala nisada swaras and is traditionally associated with the karuṇa rasa. The raga is mentioned in treatises such as the Gita Prakasa and Sangita Narayana.
CNT Tropical
CNT Tropical is a Brazilian television station based in Londrina, a city in the state of Paraná. It operates on digital channels 7 VHF and 47 UHF, and is both an owned-and-operated station and co-generator of CNT. Founded in 1979 by José Carlos Martinez, it was the first station of the Martinez Organizations, and together with TV Paraná (today CNT Curitiba) it formed Rede OM in 1982, which constituted the current CNT.

Central Nacional de Televisão
Central Nacional de Televisão (English: National Television Center) also known as CNT and Rede CNT, is a Brazilian television network based in Curitiba, state of Paraná. Part of the Organizações Martinez Group, it aired for the first time in 1979 initially as TV Tropical.
2017–18 Iranian Futsal Super League
The 2017–18 Iranian Futsal Super League are the 19th season of the Iran Pro League and the 14th under the name Futsal Super League. Giti Pasand are the defending champions. The season will feature 12 teams from the 2016–17 Super League and two new teams promoted from the 2016–17 1st Division: Atoliyeh Tehran and Moghavemat Qarchak.

2016–17 Iranian Futsal Super League
The 2016–17 Iranian Futsal Super League are the 18th season of the Iran Pro League and the 13th under the name Futsal Super League. Tasisat Daryaei are the defending champions. The season will feature 12 teams from the 2015–16 Iranian Futsal Super League and two new teams promoted from the 2015–16 Iran Futsal's 1st Division: Labaniyat Arjan and Shahrdari.
History of ballooning
The history of ballooning, both with hot air and gas, spans many centuries. It includes many firsts, including the first human flight, first flight across the English Channel, first flight in North America, and first aircraft related disaster.

Fyodor Rostopchin
Count Fyodor Vasilyevich Rostopchin (23 March [O.S. 12 March] 1763 – 30 January [O.S. 18 January] 1826) was a Russian statesman and General of the Infantry who served as the Governor-General of Moscow during the French invasion of Russia, when he was responsible for the fire of Moscow in order to prevent the French from occupying this city. He was disgraced shortly after the Congress of Vienna, to which he had accompanied Tsar Alexander I. He  appears as a character in Leo Tolstoy's 1869 novel War and Peace, in which he is presented very unfavorably.
Pat Whiting
Pat Whiting (born Patricia D. Carpio, October 22, 1940 – June 23, 2010) was an American activist and politician from Oregon. Whiting served three terms in the Oregon House of Representatives, where she was the first Filipino and Asian American representative and the first woman representative from her district. Whiting served from 1973 through 1981.

Born in Chicago, and raised in California, Whiting relocated to Tigard, Oregon, just outside of Portland, after enrolling in graduate school and her marrying Vince Whiting. She was a community activist and a member of a number of organizations until her death due to lymphoma.

Chlorofluorocarbon
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) are fully or partly halogenated hydrocarbons that contain carbon (C), hydrogen (H), chlorine (Cl), and fluorine (F). They are produced as volatile derivatives of methane, ethane, and propane.

The most common example of a CFC is dichlorodifluoromethane (R-12). R-12, also commonly called Freon, is used as a refrigerant. Many CFCs have been widely used as refrigerants, propellants (in aerosol applications), gaseous fire suppression systems, and solvents. As a result of CFCs contributing to ozone depletion in the upper atmosphere, the manufacture of such compounds has been phased out under the Montreal Protocol, and they are being replaced with other products such as hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) including R-410A, R-134a and R-1234yf.
William Fraigneau
William Fraigneau (1717–1788) was a Greek professor at Cambridge University.

Fraigneau was the son of John Fraigneau, of Huguenot extraction. He was born in London in 1717, and became a Queen's Scholar at Westminster School in 1731. He proceeded to Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1736. Graduating B.A. 1739 and M.A. 1743, he took holy orders, and was elected a fellow. In 1743 he was appointed professor of Greek to the university, and held that position till 1750, when he resigned it. He then accepted the post of tutor to the family of Frederick, lord Bolingbroke, and in March 1758 was by him presented to the living of Battersea. Three years later the same patron gave him the living of Beckenham, Kent, and in 1765 a dispensation passed to enable Fraigneau to hold the two livings conjointly.

He retained both appointments till his death in Brighton on 12 September 1788. He is described by Cole as ‘a little man of great life and vivacity.’

Regius Professor of Greek (Cambridge)
The Regius Professorship of Greek is one of the oldest professorships at the University of Cambridge. The Regius Professor chair was founded in 1540 by Henry VIII with a stipend of £40 per year, subsequently increased in 1848 by a canonry of Ely Cathedral.
Freezing Works railway station
The Nelson Freezing Company's works between Stoke and Richmond in the Tasman district of New Zealand's South Island were a major source of traffic for the Nelson Section from 1909 to 1955.  This was a freight-only station, with no passenger facilities ever being located at this site.

Facilities at this station included a twenty-three wagon loop, stockyards, an unloading ramp and a private siding that ended beside the freezer chamber.

Nelson section
The Nelson section was an isolated government-owned railway line between Nelson and Glenhope in the Tasman district of New Zealand's South Island. While part of the New Zealand Government Railways, the section was never connected to the national railway network, although there were plans to do so. The line operated for 79 years between 1876 and 1955. Unusually for an isolated line, there were passenger and freight services for most of its existence, with freight outlasting passenger services by just a year.

This line is noteworthy for several reasons, including being the last completely isolated section of the government-owned railway network; gaining a reprieve after being closed for the first time until being closed for a second – and final – time; and, its route was chosen to serve existing communities in Nelson's hinterland rather than being constructed to open up new areas for development or serve specific industries.
Japanese submarine Ro-35
Ro-35 was an Imperial Japanese Navy Kaichū type submarine, the lead unit of the K6 sub-class. Completed and commissioned in March 1943, she served in World War II and was sunk during her first war patrol in August 1943.

Kaichū type submarine
The Kaichū type submarine (海中型潜水艦, Kaichū-gata sensuikan) submarines were double-hulled medium-sized submarines of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II. The name was derived from the Kaigun-shiki Chū-gata Sensuikan (海軍式中型潜水艦, Navy Medium Type submarine).

Several variants existed. From 1934 to 1944, the K6 type (Ro-33 Class) and the K7 type (Senchū, Ro-35 Class) were built. They were equipped with a 76.2 mm (3.00 in) L/40 gun and four 53 cm torpedo tubes for ten type 95 Long Lance torpedoes.

Most of these submarines were destroyed in combat, suffering from Allied anti-submarine warfare measures, and only Ro-50 survived the war.
Samuel Powel Griffitts
Samuel Powel Griffitts (July 21, 1759 – May 12, 1826, sometimes also written as "Griffiths") was an American medical doctor, widely regarded as the founder, in 1786, of the Philadelphia Dispensary (a free clinic for poor people). He was an early member of the American Philosophical Society, elected in 1785.

Samuel Powel
Samuel Powel (October 28, 1738 – September 29, 1793) was a colonial and post-revolutionary mayor of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Since Philadelphia's mayoral office had been abolished early in the revolutionary period, Powel was the last colonial mayor of the city and the first to serve after the United States gained independence from Great Britain.
1979–1980 Shia uprising in Iraq
The 1979–1980 Shia uprising in Iraq, also known as the First Sadr Uprising, took place as a followup to the Iranian Revolution (1978–1979) in neighbouring Iran, as the Shia Iraqi clerics vowed to overthrow Ba'athist Iraq, dominated by (secular) Sunni Muslims—specifically the Saddam Hussein family. Saddam and his deputies believed that the riots had been inspired by the Iranian Revolution and instigated by Iran's government. The riots erupted in May 1979 and escalated in June—leading to thousands being tortured and killed in Najaf. The uprising subsided with the April 1980 arrest of the leader of Shia Iraqis, Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr and his subsequent execution.

Amina al-Sadr
Amina Haydar al-Sadr (Arabic: آمنة حيدر الصدر; 1937 – 1980), known as Bint al-Huda al-Sadr (بنت الهدى الصدر), was an Iraqi educator and political activist who was executed by Saddam Hussein's regime along with her brother, Ayatullah Sayyid Mohammad Baqir al-Sadr, in 1980.