hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
ISO 3166-2:MT
ISO 3166-2:MT is the entry for Malta in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

Currently for Malta, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for 68 local councils.

Each code consists of two parts, separated by a hyphen. The first part is MT, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Malta. The second part is two digits (01–68).

ISO 3166-1 alpha-2
ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 codes are two-letter country codes defined in ISO 3166-1, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), to represent countries, dependent territories, and special areas of geographical interest. They are the most widely used of the country codes published by ISO (the others being alpha-3 and numeric), and are used most prominently for the Internet's country code top-level domains (with a few exceptions). They were first included as part of the ISO 3166 standard in its first edition in 1974.
Stamp collecting
Stamp collecting is the collecting of postage stamps and related objects. It is an area of philately, which is the study (or combined study and collection) of stamps. It has been one of the world's most popular hobbies since the late nineteenth century with the rapid growth of the postal service, as a stream of new stamps was produced by countries that sought to advertise their distinctiveness through their stamps.

Royal Philatelic Society London
The Royal Philatelic Society London (RPSL) is the oldest philatelic society in the world. It was founded on 10 April 1869 as The Philatelic Society, London. The society runs a  postal museum, the Spear Museum of Philatelic History, at its headquarters in the City of London.
Gerald Shargel
Gerald "Jerry" Lawrence Shargel (October 5, 1944 – July 16, 2022) was an American defense attorney who was based in New York City and generally considered one of the best criminal defense lawyers in the country.

Joe Halderman
Robert Joel Halderman (born October  1957) is an American news writer, director, and convicted felon who was a former producer at CBS News. Halderman was found guilty of attempted extortion of talk show host David Letterman.
1976 Centennial Cup
The 1976 Centennial Cup is the sixth Tier II Junior "A" 1976 ice hockey National Championship for the Canadian Junior A Hockey League.

The Centennial Cup was competed for by the winners of the Western Canadian Champions and the Eastern Canadian Champions.

The finals were hosted by the Rockland Nationals in the city of Rockland, Ontario.

Charlottetown Abbies
The Charlottetown Abbies is the name of several ice hockey teams that have been based in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island; the most recent iteration was a Tier II Junior "A" team who played in the IJHL and the Maritime Junior A Hockey League. Their home rink from 2003 to 2008 was the MacLauchlan Arena on the campus of UPEI. Before then, it was the Charlottetown Civic Centre (now Eastlink Centre).
In League with Satan
"In League with Satan" is the first song released by the English extreme metal band Venom. It was released on 17 April 1981 as a single with the B-side "Live Like an Angel" by Neat Records and later appeared on the band's first album, Welcome to Hell. The song has been cited as the first black metal song and is also often cited by critics who claim a connection between heavy metal and Satanism.

Jeffrey Dunn
Jeffrey "Mantas" Dunn (born 22 April 1961) is a British guitarist who was one of the founding members of the heavy metal band Venom, with which he played as a guitarist from 1979 to 1985 and 1989 to 2002. From 2015 to 2024, he played in Venom Inc. alongside fellow former Venom member Tony Dolan. Dunn's stage name inspired the name of the embryonic Florida death metal band Mantas, which later splintered into Death and Massacre.
2006 Senior Open Championship
The 2006 Senior Open Championship, also named the Senior British Open Championship or the Senior British Open Championship presented by Aberdeen Asset Management, was the 20th Senior Open Championship, a senior major golf championship. It was held on 27–30 July at Turnberry Golf Resort in South Ayrshire, Scotland, United Kingdom. It was the fourth Senior Open Championship played as a senior major championship.

Loren Roberts won the championship in a playoff over Eduardo Romero. It was Roberts' second senior major championship victory.

Trump Turnberry
Trump Turnberry is a golf resort in Turnberry, South Ayrshire, located on the Firth of Clyde in southwest Scotland. It comprises three links golf courses, a golf academy, a five-star James Miller-designed hotel from 1906, along with lodge and cottage accommodations. Turnberry was a popular golf course and resort from its inception, made accessible because of the Maidens and Dunure Light Railway. It closed in both World Wars for military use, and there was concern it would not open following World War II, but it was redesigned by Mackenzie Ross and re-opened in 1951.

The course was the scene of the 1977 Open Championship, where Tom Watson scored a close victory over Jack Nicklaus. The property has been owned by the Trump Organization since 2014, who now brand the course Trump Turnberry.
Queen Victoria Park
Queen Victoria Park is the main parkland located in Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada opposite the American and Canadian Horseshoe Falls.  Established by the Niagara Falls Park Act in 1885 and opened in 1888, the park is operated by the Niagara Parks Commission and is considered the centerpiece of the Niagara Falls recreational tourist area.

The park is known for its outstanding flower displays of daffodils and roses in-season, with many of the plantings done in a carpet-bedding design.  Queen Victoria Park is also the focal point for the annual winter Festival of Lights.

Horseshoe Falls
Horseshoe Falls is the largest of the three waterfalls that collectively form Niagara Falls on the Niagara River along the Canada–United States border. Approximately 90% of the Niagara River, after around half the water (75% at night and in winter) is diverted for hydropower generation, flows over Horseshoe Falls. The remaining 10% flows over American Falls and Bridal Veil Falls. It is located between Terrapin Point on Goat Island in the US state of New York, and Table Rock in the Canadian province of Ontario. These falls are also referred to as the Canadian Falls.
Centrifugal clutch
A centrifugal clutch is an automatic clutch that uses centrifugal force to operate. The output shaft is disengaged at lower rotational speed and engages as the output increases to a certain speed. It is often used in mopeds, underbones, lawn mowers, go-karts, chainsaws, mini bikes, and some paramotors and boats to keep the engine from stalling when the output shaft is slowed or stopped abruptly, and to remove load when starting and idling. It has been superseded for automobile applications by the fluid coupling, torque converter and automated manual transmissions.

Clutch
A clutch is a mechanical device that allows an output shaft to be disconnected from a rotating input shaft. The clutch's input shaft is typically attached to a motor, while the clutch's output shaft is connected to the mechanism that does the work.

In a motor vehicle, the clutch acts as a mechanical linkage between the engine and transmission. By disengaging the clutch, the engine speed (RPM) is no longer determined by the speed of the driven wheels.

Another example of clutch usage is in electric drills. The clutch's input shaft is driven by a motor and the output shaft is connected to the drill bit (via several intermediate components). The clutch allows the drill bit to either spin at the same speed as the motor (clutch engaged), spin at a lower speed than the motor (clutch slipping) or remain stationary while the motor is spinning (clutch disengaged).
Districts of Copenhagen
Districts of Copenhagen are often based on informal designations based on historic origins, often with alternative names and loosely defined boundaries. Copenhagen Municipality is divided into 10 official administrative districts but they often comprise areas of a heterogeneous character which are informally not seen as one district. Some districts have earlier been official subdivisions and thus have semi-official boundaries. Copenhagen postal code designations often correspond to district boundaries but in some cases differ from them, as an example parts of the city centre has the postal code København V which is generally associated with  Vesterbro.

Sundby, Copenhagen
Sundby is a neighbourhood on Amager in Copenhagen, Denmark. It is often also referred to as Sundbyerne (plural form) since a distinction is traditionally made between Sundbyvester (Sundby West) and Sundbyøster (Sundby East), located on each their side of Amagerbrogade.
Dick Persson
Richard Mark Persson AM   (born 1950) is a former senior New South Wales and Queensland public servant and local government administrator. Persson currently serves as a member of the Central Sydney Planning Committee.

NSW Public Works
NSW Public Works (or New South Wales Public Works) is a statutory agency of the Government of New South Wales that is responsible for providing expert advice to government and professional services, as well as government agency clients in New South Wales, Australia.

The agency manages a range of large and small projects and facilities contracts with an annual value of more than A$1 billion. It merged with Property NSW to form a new Property and Advisory Group of the New South Wales Public Works Advisory in July 2016.

The agency was led by Deputy Director-General, presently Brian Baker, who reported to the Director General of the Department of Finance, Services and Innovation, most recently Martin Hoffman, who reported to the Minister for Finance, Services and Property, most recently Victor Dominello MP.

NSW Public Works is an active agency as of 2024
Gahru, Hormozgan
Gahru (Persian: گهرو, also Romanized as Gahrū) is a village in Karian Rural District, in the Central District of Minab County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 443, in 84 families.

Kariyan Rural District
Kariyan Rural District (Persian: دهستان كريان) is in Kariyan District of Minab County, Hormozgan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Ravang. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Kariyan.
Baixo Alentejo (intermunicipal community)
The Comunidade Intermunicipal do Baixo Alentejo (European Portuguese: [ˈbajʃu ɐlẽˈtɛʒu]; "Intermunicipal Community of Lower Alentejo") is an administrative division in Portugal. It was created in 2009. It is also a NUTS3 subregion of the Alentejo Region. The seat of the intermunicipal community is Beja. Baixo Alentejo comprises 13 of the 14 municipalities of the Beja District. The population in 2011 was 126,692, in an area of 8,542.72 km2.

It is bordered on the North by Alentejo Central Subregion, on the East by Spain, on the South by the Algarve and on the West by Alentejo Litoral. It covers the Eastern part of the former Baixo Alentejo Province.

Intermunicipal communities of Portugal
Intermunicipal communities (Portuguese: comunidades intermunicipais) are a type of administrative division in Portugal. Since the 2013 local government reform, there are 21 intermunicipal communities. They replaced the urban communities, the intermunicipal communities for general purposes and some metropolitan areas that were created in 2003, and abolished in 2008. The territories of the intermunicipal communities are the basis of the NUTS III statistical regions.

The branches of administration of the intermunicipal community are the intermunicipal assembly, the intermunicipal council, the intermunicipal executive secretariat and the strategic board for intermunicipal development. The intermunicipal assembly is composed of elected members of the municipal assemblies of the municipalities. The intermunicipal council is composed of the presidents of the municipal chambers of the municipalities.
Filla Island
Filla Island is a rocky island about 5.5 kilometres (3.4 mi) long, located in the northern part of the Rauer Islands and being the largest island in the group. It was charted by Norwegian cartographers from air photos taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition (1936–37). They gave the name Filla (the tatters) to a larger island here, presumably for the ragged outline of the feature as shown on the Norwegian chart. In 1952, John Roscoe made a study of this area as revealed in aerial photographs taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump (1946–47). He found that what the Norwegians had named Filla was in fact a cluster of small islands. He applied the name Filla Island to the largest of these as described.

Rauer Islands
The Rauer Islands (68°51′S 77°50′E﻿ / ﻿68.850°S 77.833°E﻿ / -68.850; 77.833) are a group of rocky coastal islands which lie between Sorsdal Glacier Tongue and Ranvik Bay, in the southeast part of Prydz Bay. Discovered and roughly charted in February 1935 by a Norwegian expedition under Captain Klarius Mikkelsen (see Caroline Mikkelsen). He named them Rauer, probably after the island lying in Oslofjorden opposite Tønsberg, Norway.
Trouser-word
In John Langshaw Austin's philosophy of language and the book Sense and Sensibilia, a trouser-word is a term that is not itself defined in terms of content, but only gains meaning through the contrast to its negation. The negative use "wears the trousers in the relationship."

According to Austin, terms are usually defined by their own criteria. To know what it means that something is X (or is an X), one has to know the criteria for it. Only with this knowledge can one say when something is not X (or not X). With trouser-words, the opposite is true: something is Y if it doesn't meet any of the criteria for not being Y. Typical examples are for Austin real, same, and directly . Only in contrast to e. g. a fake duck, say a toy duck or a picture of a duck, does the predicate real have any meaning in the phrase "a real duck."

Philosophy of language
Philosophy of language is the philosophical study of the nature of language. It investigates the relationship between language, language users, and the world. Investigations may include inquiry into the nature of meaning, indexicality, intentionality, reference, the constitution of sentences, concepts, learning, and thought.

Gottlob Frege and Bertrand Russell were pivotal figures in analytic philosophy's "linguistic turn". These writers were followed by Ludwig Wittgenstein (Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus), the Vienna Circle, logical positivists, and Willard Van Orman Quine.
Qezel Dash-e Olya
Qezel Dash-e Olya (Persian: قزلداش عليا, also Romanized as Qezel Dāsh-e ‘Olyā; also known as Qezeldāsh-e Bālā) is a village in Sokmanabad Rural District, Safayyeh District, Khoy County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 326, in 64 families.

Sokmanabad Rural District
Sokmanabad Rural District (Persian: دهستان سكمن آباد) is in Safayyeh District of Khoy County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran. It is administered from the city of Zarabad. The district is named after Sökmen II.
2015 Costa Rican Cup
The 2015 Costa Rican Cup (known as Torneo de Copa Banco Popular for sponsorship reasons) is the 3rd staging of the Costa Rican Cup. The competition began on July 4 and finished on November 19 with the final at the Estadio Nacional. The cup featured 20 teams, composed of all 12 teams of the FPD and 8 from the Liga de Ascenso. Originally, teams from the Liga Nacional de Fútbol Aficionado were expected to participate as well, but were withdrawn due to lack of budget.

The format of the tournament marked several differences to that of its predecessor, such as the lack of a group stage (similar to the 2013 edition), and the addition of a "best loser" rule, in which a team could still qualify to a further round, despite having lost a match.

The tournament saw the defending champions Cartaginés earning a second title by defeating Herediano in the final.

Costa Rican Cup
The Costa Rican Cup (Torneo de Copa de Costa Rica) is the top knock-out football tournament in Costa Rica which also serves as a qualification to the Supercopa Centroamericana.

It was played for three seasons from 2013 to 2015. A 2019 edition was announced, with the winner earning a berth to the CONCACAF League, but it was ultimately abandoned. The tournament returned in 2022.
Karahacılı, Mersin
Karahacılı is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Yenişehir, Mersin Province, Turkey. Its population is 761 (2022). It is situated in the valley of Mezitli River between Bozön and Turunçlu. The distance to Mersin is 15 kilometres (9.3 mi). Main crops of the village are fruits and vegetables.

Turunçlu, Mersin
Turunçlu is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Yenişehir, Mersin Province, Turkey. Its population is 220 (2022). The village is 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) north west of Mersin city center.
Foreign relations of Ethiopia
The foreign relations of Ethiopia refers to overall diplomatic relationship of Ethiopia. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs oversees foreign relations and diplomatic missions of the country.

Ethiopia is one of few early African countries admitted to the League of Nations, becoming a member on 28 September 1923, and was one of the founding members of the United Nations. During the Scramble for Africa, Ethiopia had maintained its full sovereignty over European colonial power and fought the First Italo-Ethiopian War in 1895–96. However, the League did not protect in accord with the envisaged "collective security" of the country, resulted Italy's occupation of Ethiopia for 5 years (1936–1941).

From 1950s, Ethiopia participated to UN peacekeeping missions such as in Korean War and Congo Crisis. Virtually, Ethiopia maintains diplomatic relations to most countries, and is non-permanent member of the UN Security Council.

Italian Eritrea
Italian Eritrea (Italian: Colonia Eritrea, "Colony of Eritrea") was a colony of the Kingdom of Italy in the territory of present-day Eritrea. The first Italian establishment in the area was the purchase of Assab by the Rubattino Shipping Company in 1869, which came under government control in 1882. Occupation of Massawa in 1885 and the subsequent expansion of territory would gradually engulf the region and in 1889 the Ethiopian Empire recognized the Italian possession in the Treaty of Wuchale. In 1890 the Colony of Eritrea was officially founded.

In 1936 the region was integrated into Italian East Africa as the Eritrea Governorate. This would last until Italy's loss of the region in 1941, during the East African campaign of World War II. Italian Eritrea then came under British military administration, which in 1951 fell under United Nations supervision. In September 1952 it became an autonomous part of Ethiopia, until its independence in 1991.
John S. Van Winkle
John S. Van Winkle (March 8, 1829 – October 28, 1888) was an American attorney and politician who served as Secretary of State of Kentucky from 1866 to 1867. He served as a member of the Kentucky House of Representatives from 1861 to 1863.

Secretary of State of Kentucky
The secretary of state of Kentucky is one of the constitutional officers of the U.S. state of Kentucky. It is an elected office, but was an appointed office prior to 1891. The incumbent secretary of state is Republican Michael Adams, who was elected on November 5, 2019; he took office on January 6, 2020.
Mont Ruan
Mont Ruan (or Grand Mont Ruan) is a mountain in the Chablais Alps, overlooking the lake of Emosson in the Swiss canton of Valais. At 3,057 metres (10,030 feet) above sea level, its main summit is located 200 metres (660 feet) away from the French border, where lies a slightly lower summit at 3,044 metres (9,987 feet).

Mont Ruan is the westernmost mountain rising above 3,000 metres (9,800 feet). in Switzerland.

Chablais Alps
The Chablais Alps or Chablais Massive (French: Massif du Chablais, pronounced [masif dy ʃablɛ], [ʃable]) are a mountain range in the Western Alps. They are situated between Lake Geneva and the Mont Blanc Massif. The Col des Montets separates them from the Mont Blanc Massif in the south, and the Rhône valley separates them from the Bernese Alps in the east.

The Chablais Alps are composed of two distinct parts separated by the Val d'Illiez: the Dents du Midi massif on the south which contains the highest peaks, and the alpine foothills on the north.
The Great Kiwi Bake Off season 5
The fifth season of The Great Kiwi Bake Off return to Parihoa Farm in Muriwai, Auckland. This season premiered on Thursday 25 January 2024 at 7.30pm on TVNZ 1 and streams on TVNZ+.  As with the previous season, it was hosted by comedians Pax Assadi and Hayley Sproull, with the judges being Peter Gordon, Jordan Rondel, and - for episode 3 - New Zealand TV chef and restaurateur Michael Van de Elzen.

The Great Kiwi Bake Off
The Great Kiwi Bake Off is a New Zealand television baking competition based on The Great British Bake Off in which 12 amateur bakers compete in a series of baking challenges. The show's first episode was aired on 16 October 2018 on TVNZ 2. The show is hosted by Hayley Sproull and Madeleine Sami, with judges Dean Brettschneider and Sue Fleischl. The show, like other spinoffs of The Great British Bake Off, uses a similar style, format, and opening theme song to the British series. Like the British series, the show is followed by a recap special called An Extra Slice, hosted by Chris Parker, discussing the episode of the week and interviewing contestants who have been eliminated.
John Sears (political strategist)
John Patrick Sears (July 3, 1940 – March 26, 2020) was an American attorney, and a Republican political strategist. He served as Deputy Counsel to President Richard M. Nixon from 1969–70, and assisted both Nixon and Ronald Reagan in their presidential campaigns.

William J. Casey
William Joseph Casey (March 13, 1913 – May 6, 1987) was an American lawyer who was the Director of Central Intelligence from 1981 to 1987.  In this capacity he oversaw the entire United States Intelligence Community and personally directed the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) throughout much of the Reagan administration.
Electoral district of Earlwood
Earlwood was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly of the Australian state of New South Wales from 1950 to 1991. It included Earlwood and Beverly Hills.

At the 1991 election, it was abolished and its area split between the seats of Canterbury, Hurstville and Rockdale.

Electoral district of Hurstville
Hurstville was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales, named after and including the Sydney suburb of Hurstville.

It was first established prior to the 1913 state election. It was abolished in 1920, with the introduction of proportional representation and absorbed into St George. It was recreated in 1927 and dissolved in a distribution prior to the 1999 state election. Between 1991 and 1999 it was held by Morris Iemma who went on to become Premier of New South Wales in August 2005.
Roderick Jones (journalist)
Sir George Roderick Jones KBE (21 October 1877 – 23 January 1962) was a British journalist and news agency manager, who for most of his career worked for Reuters. From 1916, he was a significant shareholder in the company.

Leander Starr Jameson
Sir Leander Starr Jameson, 1st Baronet, KCMG, CB, PC (9 February 1853 – 26 November 1917), also known as Starr Jameson, was a British colonial politician, who was best known for his involvement in the ill-fated Jameson Raid.