hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1972 South African Gazelles rugby union tour in Argentina
The 1972 South African Gazelles rugby union tour in Argentina was a series of matches played by the Gazelles (Under-24 South African selection) in Argentina, between September and November 1972.

It was the second tour of Argentina by this selection, after the 1966 tour and the fourth of a South African team.

The series between "Gazelles" and "Pumas" (Argentina national team) was tied with a victory for both. In fact, the second test played on 4 November was the first victory ever of a national team over a South African side.

1966 South African Gazelles rugby union tour in Argentina
The 1966 South African Gazelles tour in Argentina was a series of rugby union matches played in Argentina and in Chile in 1966.

It was the third tour of a South African representative team to Argentina, after the two Junior Springboks tours in 1932 and 1959.

The "Gazelles" were a team of developing players in the Under-23 age group, selected by the South African Rugby Union.
Athletics at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's triple jump
The men's triple jump competition at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The event was held at the Olympic Stadium on 15–16 August. Forty-seven athletes from 35 nations competed. The event was won by Christian Taylor of the United States, the fifth man to successfully defend Olympic gold in the triple jump. It was the United States' eighth victory in the event. Just as in London four years earlier, Will Claye took silver; the two Americans were the 13th and 14th men to win multiple medals in the event. Dong Bin of China earned bronze, the nation's first medal in the men's triple jump.

Dong Bin
Dong Bin (Chinese: 董斌; born 22 November 1988) is a Chinese track and field athlete who specialises in the triple jump. He is a two-time gold medallist at the Asian Indoor Athletics Championships and has a personal best of 17.58 metres, which he set winning the bronze medal at the 2016 Olympics.  In 2016 he won the World Indoor Championship.

His indoor best of 17.33 m is an Asian and Chinese indoor record. He also represented China at the 2012 Olympics, came fifth at the 2011 Asian Athletics Championships and was a finalist at the Summer Universiade in both 2009 and 2011.
Ryan Williams (footballer, born 1978)
Ryan Neil Williams (born 31 August 1978) is an English former professional footballer who played as a midfielder.

He notably played in the Football League with lengthy spells at Chesterfield, Hull City and Bristol Rovers, having also appeared professionally for Mansfield Town, Tranmere Rovers and Aldershot Town. He also played Non-League football for Forest Green Rovers, Weymouth, 
Gainsborough Trinity, North Ferriby United, Scarborough Athletic, AFC Mansfield, East Yorkshire Carnegie and Hall Road Rangers.

Weymouth F.C.
Weymouth Football Club is a semi-professional association football club based in the town of Weymouth, Dorset, England. They currently compete in the Southern League Premier Division South, the seventh level of the English football league system. Nicknamed the Terras due to their terracotta strip, they play their home matches at the Bob Lucas Stadium. The club is affiliated to the Dorset County Football Association and is an FA chartered Standard club.
Voodoo Ray
"Voodoo Ray" is the debut single by British electronic musician Gerald Simpson, recording under the name A Guy Called Gerald. The single was released in the UK in 1988 on the 7" and 12" vinyl formats, on the Rham! label. The original single was later released in the United States in 1989 by Warlock Records.

The single spent 18 weeks on the UK Singles Chart, eventually reaching number 12, and was awarded best-selling independent single of 1989 by Music Week and the British Phonographic Industry. The track became a popular acid house anthem associated with Manchester club The Haçienda.

The Haçienda
The Haçienda was a nightclub and music venue in Manchester, England, which became famous during the Madchester years of the 1980s and early 1990s. It was run by the record label Factory Records.

The club opened in 1982, eventually fostering the Manchester acid house and rave scene in the late 1980s. The early success of Factory band New Order, particularly with their 1983 dance hit "Blue Monday", helped to subsidise the club even as it lost considerable amounts of money (in part due to clubbers' embrace of the street drug ecstasy, which drove down traditional alcohol sales).

The club's subculture was noted by the Chief Constables of Merseyside and Greater Manchester as reducing football hooliganism. Crime and financial troubles plagued its later years, and it finally closed in 1997. It was demolished and replaced by apartments.
Korean imperial titles
Imperial titles were used in various historical Korean states before the 14th century and at the turn of the 20th century: Early Korean states used "great king", "greatest king", and "holy king"; later Korean states used "emperor". Korean monarchs who used imperial titles had political and religious authority over a realm or domain. The Chinese concept of tianxia, pronounced "cheonha" in Korean, was variously adopted and adapted to Korean views of the world from period to period.

Tianxia
Tianxia (Chinese: 天下; pinyin: Tiānxià; lit. '[everything] under Heaven') is a term for a historical Chinese cultural concept that denoted either the entire geographical world or the metaphysical realm of mortals, and later became associated with political sovereignty. In ancient China and imperial China, tianxia denoted the lands, space, and area divinely appointed to the Chinese sovereign by universal and well-defined principles of order. The center of this land was directly apportioned to the Chinese court, forming the center of a world view that centered on the Chinese court and went concentrically outward to major and minor officials and then the common subjects, tributary states, and finally ending with fringe barbarians.

The larger concept of tianxia is closely associated with civilization and order in classical Chinese philosophy. Some contemporary Chinese scholars have attempted to apply the concept in the 21st century.
Akengbuda
Akengbuda (c. 1720 – 1804) was the thirtieth Oba of Benin who reigned from c. 1750 AD – c. 1804 AD. He was the son and successor of Eresoyen, and the father of Obanosa. He is regarded as one of the most powerful and influential obas in the history of the Kingdom of Benin, as he expanded the kingdom's territory, improved its administration, and promoted its arts and culture. He also maintained a strong trade relationship with the Europeans, especially the Portuguese and the British, and acquired firearms and other goods from them. He was known for his military prowess, his diplomatic skills, and his patronage of arts and learning.

Kingdom of Benin
The Kingdom of Benin or Empire of Benin, also known as Great Benin, is a traditional kingdom in southern Nigeria. It has no historical relation to the modern republic of Benin, which was known as Dahomey from the 17th century until 1975. The Kingdom of Benin's capital was Edo, now known as Benin City in Edo State, Nigeria. The Benin Kingdom was one of the oldest and most developed states in the coastal hinterland of West Africa. It grew out of the previous Edo Kingdom of Igodomigodo around the 11th century AD; it was annexed by the British Empire in 1897, but endured as a non-sovereign monarchy.

In the 15th and 16th centuries, the empire reached the height of its prosperity, expanding its territory, trading with European powers, and creating a remarkable artistic legacy in cast bronze, iron, brass, carved ivory, and other materials.
Alain de Lille
Alain de Lille (Alan of Lille; Latin: Alanus ab Insulis; c. 1128 – 1202/1203) was a French theologian and poet. He was born in Lille some time before 1128. His exact date of death remains unclear as well, with most research pointing toward it being between 14 April 1202 and 5 April 1203. He is known for writing a number of works based upon the teachings of the liberal arts, with one of his most renowned poems, De planctu Naturae ("The Complaint of Nature"), focusing on sexual conduct among humans. Although Alain was widely known during his lifetime, little is known about his personal life.

As a theologian, Alain de Lille opposed scholasticism in the second half of the 12th century. His philosophy is characterized by rationalism and mysticism. Alain claimed that reason, guided by prudence, could discover most truths about the physical order without help; but in order to understand religious truth and to know God, the wise must be believers.

Gilbert de la Porrée
Gilbert de la Porrée (French pronunciation: [ʒilbɛʁ də la pɔʁe]; after 1085 – 4 September 1154), also known as Gilbert of Poitiers, Gilbertus Porretanus or Pictaviensis, was a scholastic logician and theologian and  Bishop of Poitiers.
Léogâne
Léogâne (French pronunciation: [leɔɡan]; Haitian Creole: Leyogàn) is one of the coastal communes in Haiti. It is located in the eponymous Léogâne Arrondissement, which is part of the Ouest Department.  The port town is located about 30 km (19 mi) west of the Haitian capital, Port-au-Prince. Léogâne has a rich and unique culture, especially with regard to the arts, music, literature, cuisine, and architecture. It also holds importance for archaeological and historical sites such as Fort Campan.

The town was at the epicenter of the 12 January 2010 earthquake. Like Port-au-Prince, it was catastrophically affected, with 80–90% of buildings damaged. As Haiti is very poor, they couldn't afford earthquake-proof buildings.

Epicenter
The epicenter (/ˈɛpɪˌsɛntər/), epicentre, or epicentrum in seismology is the point on the Earth's surface directly above a hypocenter or focus, the point where an earthquake or an underground explosion originates.
Veerakeralam
Veerakeralam  is a panchayat town in Coimbatore North taluk of Coimbatore district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Located in the western part of the state, it is one of the 33 panchayat towns in the district. Spread across an area of 5.8 km2 (2.2 sq mi), it had a population of 23,841 individuals as per the 2011 census.

Coimbatore-North taluk
Coimbatore (North) taluk is a taluk of Coimbatore City of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. On 9 May 2012, Government of Tamil Nadu announced that it will bifurcate Coimbatore North Taluk to create the new Annur Taluk.
Gregorios Theocharous
Gregorios Theocharous of Thyateira and Great Britain (Greek: Γρηγόριος Θεοχάρους; 28 October 1928 – 20 November 2019) served as the Greek Orthodox Archbishop of Thyateira and Great Britain under the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. He was elected Archbishop by the Sacred and Holy Synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate on 16 April 1988. He resigned on 12 June 2019 for health reasons and has been succeeded by Nikitas Loulias. He died on 20 November 2019. His funeral took place on 5 December 2019 at St Mary's Greek Orthodox Church, Wood Green.

Holy Synod
In several of the autocephalous Eastern Orthodox churches and Eastern Catholic Churches, the patriarch or head bishop is elected by a group of bishops called the Holy Synod. For instance, the Holy Synod is a ruling body of the Georgian Orthodox Church.

In Oriental Orthodoxy the Holy Synod is the highest authority in the church and it formulates the rules and regulations regarding matters of church organization, faith, and order of service.
James Mitchell (rugby union)
James Mitchell (born 11 February 1995) is an English rugby union player. He primarily plays as a scrum-half. Mitchell plays for RFU Championship side Jersey Reds. Prior to this, he played with Sale Sharks and Northampton Saints in Premiership Rugby and Pro14 side Connacht.

Mitchell made his professional debut for Sale Sharks against Worcester Warriors on 25 January 2014. During his time with the club he had loan spells with Chester and Rotherham Titans.

On 7 June 2017, it was announced that Mitchell, who qualifies to play for Ireland via his grandmother, had signed a two-year contract with Irish province Connacht. He made 26 appearances in two seasons with the side.

Mitchell joined Premiership Rugby side Northampton Saints on a short-term contract ahead of the 2019–20 season.

At conclusion of his contract with Northampton he joined RFU Championship side Doncaster Knights.

Champ Rugby
Champ Rugby (formerly the RFU Championship) is an English rugby union competition among fourteen clubs. It is the second level of men's English rugby and is played by both professional and semi-professional players. The competition has existed since 1987, when English clubs were first organised into leagues. Historically the competition provided automatic promotion to the top-flight PREM Rugby, but following a vote by the RFU Council on 27 February 2026, automatic promotion and relegation between the two tiers was abolished from the 2026–27 season. Champ Rugby remains a required pathway to the PREM under the new criteria-based expansion model, under which any club seeking admission to the PREM must first have played at least one season in the Champ.
Ptechetelium
Ptechetelium cyatheae is a species of fungus belonging to the order Platygloeales. It is currently the only species in the monotypic genus Ptechetelium. The species forms effused basidiocarps (fruit bodies) on ferns, on which it is parasitic.

The known host for Ptechetelium cyatheae is the tree fern Cyathea stuebelii. The fungus parasitizes host leaves, producing basidiocarps as small whitish patches that emerge through the stomata. Microscopically, the basidia are auricularioid (tubular with lateral septa) and emerge from thick-walled probasidia. The species has seldom been collected and is only known from Bolivia and Ecuador.

Basidium
A basidium (pl.: basidia) is a microscopic spore-producing structure found on the hymenophore of reproductive bodies of basidiomycete fungi. The presence of basidia is one of the main characteristic features of the group. These bodies are also called tertiary mycelia, which are highly coiled versions of secondary mycelia. A basidium usually bears four sexual spores called basidiospores. Occasionally the number may be two or even eight. Each reproductive spore is produced at the tip of a narrow prong or horn called a sterigma (pl. sterigmata), and is forcefully expelled at full growth.

The word basidium literally means "little pedestal". This is the way the basidium supports the spores. However, some biologists suggest that the structure looks more like a club. A partially grown basidium is known as a basidiole.
The Last Hunt
The Last Hunt is a 1956 American Western film directed by Richard Brooks and starring Robert Taylor and Stewart Granger, with Lloyd Nolan, Debra Paget and Russ Tamblyn. It was produced by Dore Schary at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. The screenplay was by Richard Brooks from the novel The Last Hunt, by Milton Lott. The music score was by Daniele Amfitheatrof and the cinematography by Russell Harlan.

Lloyd Nolan
Lloyd Benedict Nolan (August 11, 1902 – September 27, 1985) was an American stage, film and television actor who rose from a supporting player and B-movie lead early in his career to featured player status after creating the role of Captain Queeg in Herman Wouk's play The Caine Mutiny Court-Martial in the mid-1950s. Nolan won a Best Actor Emmy Award reprising the part in 1955 TV play based on Wouk's tale of military justice. Additionally, he starred in the Mike Shayne detective films, and the groundbreaking sitcom Julia starring Diahann Carroll.
Saskia Wickham
Saskia Wickham (born 14 January 1967) is a British actress best known for playing Alex Wilton in the drama series Boon, and Dr. Erica Matthews in the ITV television drama series Peak Practice between 1996 and 1998.

Peak Practice
Peak Practice is a British drama series about a GP surgery in Cardale – a small fictional town in the Derbyshire Peak District – and the doctors who worked there. It originally starred Kevin Whately as Dr Jack Kerruish, Amanda Burton as Dr Beth Glover and Simon Shepherd as Dr Will Preston, though the roster of doctors would change many times over the course of the series. It ran on ITV from 10 May 1993 to 30 January 2002 and was one of their most successful series at the time.
Athienitis Supermarket
Athienitis Supermarket (Greek: Υπεραγορά Αθηαινίτης) is a supermarket chain based in Nicosia, Cyprus. It operates two stores in the Nicosia area: its original branch in Pallouriotissa and a second store at Nicosia Mall, which opened in 2018.

Athienitis has been cited in supermarket price surveys in Cyprus. A 2018 “price observatory” survey published by the Consumer Protection Service listed Athienitis as the cheapest supermarket in Nicosia for a basket of common products.

Panagia, Nicosia
Pallouriotissa (Greek: Παλλουριώτισσα [locally [palːuˈr̥kotisːa]]) is an area of Nicosia, Cyprus, formerly an independent village,  which  was annexed to  the municipality in 1968. It was subsequently divided into the quarters of Panayia (Panagia) and Saints Constantine and Helen (Agioi Konstantinos kai Eleni). As of 2011, their combined population was 15,607. Pallouriotissa is immediately south of Kaimakli.
Aldehyde dehydrogenase (FAD-independent)
In enzymology, an aldehyde dehydrogenase (FAD-independent) (EC 1.2.99.7) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

an aldehyde + H2O + acceptor  a carboxylate + reduced acceptor

The 3 substrates of this enzyme are aldehyde, H2O, and acceptor, whereas its two products are carboxylate and reduced acceptor.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donor with other acceptors.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is aldehyde:acceptor oxidoreductase (FAD-independent). Other names in common use include aldehyde oxidase, aldehyde oxidoreductase, Mop, and AORDd.

Electron acceptor
An electron acceptor is a chemical entity that accepts electrons transferred to it from another compound. Electron acceptors are oxidizing agents.

The electron accepting power of an electron acceptor is measured by its redox potential.

In the simplest case, electron acceptors are reduced by one electron.  The process can alter the structure of the acceptor substantially. When the added electron is highly delocalized, the structural consequences of the reduction can be subtle. The central C-C distance in the electron acceptor tetracyanoethylene elongates from 135 to 143 pm upon acceptance of an electron.  In the formation of some donor-acceptor complexes, less than one electron is transferred.  TTF-TCNQ is a charge transfer complex.
Gothic art in Milan
Gothic art in Milan denotes the city's artistic period at the turn of the second half of the 13th century and the first half of the 15th century. The Gothic style, initially introduced into Milanese territory by Cistercian monks, was the main artistic style of the vast patronage and self-celebrating agenda of the Visconti family, lords of Milan, whose rule over the city is usually associated with the Milanese Gothic period.

Visconti of Milan
The Visconti of Milan are a noble Italian family. They rose to power in Milan during the Middle Ages where they ruled from 1277 to 1447, initially as lords and then as dukes, and several collateral branches still exist. The effective founder of the Visconti Lordship of Milan was the Archbishop Ottone, who wrested control of the city from the rival Della Torre family in 1277.
Tucker Fredricks
Tucker Daniel Fredricks (born April 16, 1984) is an American speed skater and the former US record holder in the 500 meter event. He competed at the 2006, 2010, and 2014 Winter Olympics.

Fredricks was born in Janesville, Wisconsin, where he graduated in 2002 from Joseph A. Craig High School. He began skating in 1994 when a friend of his father took him skating in lieu of playing hockey.  He considers his greatest accomplishment to be winning the gold medal in 500m at the 2003 World Junior Championships.

On November 17, 2007, at the World Cup Race in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, Fredricks beat the previous American 500m record (34.42) which was originally held by 2002 Olympic gold medalist Casey Fitzrandolph, with a time of 34.31.

Casey FitzRandolph
Casey J. FitzRandolph (born January 21, 1975 in Verona, Wisconsin) is an American speed skater.

In 1997, FitzRandolph won the bronze medal at the World Sprint Championships in Hamar. He won another bronze medal in 2001 at the World Single Distance Championships on the 500 m.

In 2002, he won silver at the World Sprint Championships in Hamar and went on to become Olympic Champion on the 500 m at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City. This made him the first American to win the 500 m since fellow Madison native Eric Heiden won the event in 1980. Heiden was in attendance as the team orthopedist. He and his family now live in Cross Plains Wisconsin.

At the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, FitzRandolph finished 12th on the 500 m and 9th on the 1,000 m.
Zoë Roberts
Zoë Roberts (born 23 November 1985) is a British writer and stage actress best known for her work with the comedy groups Kill The Beast and SpitLip. She co-wrote and co-starred in the musical Operation Mincemeat, which won the 2024 Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Musical and received a Tony Award nomination for Best Musical.

She additionally received two Tony Award nominations for her creative work on the show for Best Book of a Musical & Best Original Score and a nomination for the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role in a Musical for her performance in the show.

Tony Award for Best Book of a Musical
The Tony Award for Best Book of a Musical is awarded to librettists of the spoken, non-sung dialogue, and storyline of a musical play. Eligibility is restricted to works with original narrative framework; plotless revues and revivals are ineligible. This award was originally called the Tony Award for Best Author, until musicals were split off from dramas.
Jan Stangryciuk-Black
Jan Stanisław Stangryciuk-Black (born Stangryciuk; 18 April 1922 – 22 October 2023) was a Polish-born airman in the  Royal Air Force (RAF) during the Second World War. He served in the 300 "Land of Masovia" Polish Bomber Squadron, and was the last surviving member of the Guinea Pig Club, a group of allied aircrew who received pioneering plastic surgery for burn injuries.

No. 300 Polish Bomber Squadron
No. 300 (Polish) Bomber Squadron "Land of Masovia" (Polish: 300 Dywizjon Bombowy "Ziemi Mazowieckiej"; also "No 300 (Masovian) Squadron") was a Polish bomber squadron formed in Great Britain as part of an agreement between the Polish government-in-exile and the United Kingdom in 1940. It was one of 15 squadrons of the Polish Air Force in exile that served alongside the Royal Air Force in World War II. It was disbanded in 1947. 300 Squadron is now represented by 300 (Isle of Axholme) Squadron of the Royal Air Force Air Training Corps, which made the alliance with the Polish Air Force is 1994.