hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Drug development
Drug development is the process of bringing a new pharmaceutical drug to the market once a lead compound has been identified through the process of drug discovery. It includes preclinical research on microorganisms and animals, filing for regulatory status, such as via the United States Food and Drug Administration for an investigational new drug to initiate clinical trials on humans, and may include the step of obtaining regulatory approval with a new drug application to market the drug. The entire process—from concept through preclinical testing in the laboratory to clinical trial development, including Phase I–III trials—to approved vaccine or drug typically takes more than a decade.

Investigational New Drug
The United States Food and Drug Administration's Investigational New Drug (IND) program is the means by which a pharmaceutical company obtains permission to start human clinical trials and to ship an experimental drug across state lines (usually to clinical investigators) before a marketing application for the drug has been approved. Regulations are primarily at 21 CFR 312. Similar procedures are followed in the European Union, Japan, and Canada due to regulatory harmonization efforts by the International Council for Harmonisation.
Alfons Kurfess
Alfons Kurfess (22 June 1889–17 September 1965) was a German classical philologist.  Much of his work was on the Roman historian and author Sallust.  He worked as a gymnasium (German secondary school) teacher and headmaster at several gymnasiums in Germany.

Sallust
Gaius Sallustius Crispus, usually anglicised as Sallust (/ˈsæləst/, SAL-əst; c. 86 – c. 35 BC), was a historian and politician of the Roman Republic from a plebeian family. Probably born at Amiternum in the country of the Sabines, Sallust became a partisan of Julius Caesar (100 to 44 BC), circa 50s BC. He is the earliest known Latin-language Roman historian with surviving works to his name, of which Conspiracy of Catiline on the eponymous conspiracy, The Jugurthine War on the eponymous war, and the Histories (of which only fragments survive) remain extant. As a writer, Sallust was primarily influenced by the works of the fifth-century BC Greek historian Thucydides. During his political career he amassed great and ill-gotten wealth from his governorship of Africa.
Okami-san
Okami-san (おかみさん; lit. 'The Manageress') is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Ichimaru. It was serialized in Shogakukan's seinen manga magazine Big Comic Original from 1990 to 1999, with its chapters collected in 17 tankōbon volumes. It was followed by a sequel, Okami-san Heisei Basho, serialized in the same magazine from 2011 to 2013, with its chapters collected in two tankōbon volumes. The series is about a woman who becomes the manager of a stable of sumo wrestlers.

In 1993, Okami-san won the 38th Shogakukan Manga Award in the general category.

Shogakukan Manga Award
The Shogakukan Manga Award (小学館漫画賞, Shōgakukan Mangashō) is one of Japan's major manga awards, and is sponsored by Shogakukan Publishing. It has been awarded annually for serialized manga and features candidates from a number of publishers. It is the oldest manga award in Japan, being given since 1955.
Samuel Benchimol
Samuel Isaac Benchimol (July 13, 1923 – July 5, 2002) was a Brazilian economist, scientist, and professor of Moroccan-Jewish descent. He was also one of the leading experts on the Amazon region. He was assigned to the Amazonian Academy of Literature, Professor Emeritus at the Federal University of Amazonas (where he taught for more than 50 years), researcher at the FEA, community leader president of the Commitê Israelita do Amazonas (Amazon Jewish committee) and entrepreneur founding member of the group Bemol and Fogás.

Federal University of Amazonas
The Federal University of Amazonas (Portuguese: Universidade Federal do Amazonas, UFAM) is a public university located in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. It is one of the largest universities in the northern region of Brazil.

It offers a wide array of degrees, with 645 research groups and 65 graduate courses.
Josué Canales
Elvin Josué Canales Escoto (born 5 September 2001) is a Honduran-born Spanish middle-distance runner. In 2025, he became the Spanish indoor national record holder over 800 metres, and earned the bronze medal in this event at the 2025 World Athletics Indoor Championships in Nanjing.

2025 World Athletics Indoor Championships
The 20th World Athletics Indoor Championships were held from 21 to 23 March 2025 in Nanjing, People's Republic of China, at the newly built Nanjing's Cube gymnasium in the Nanjing Youth Olympic Sports Park.

Nanjing was originally due to host the World Athletics Indoor Championships in 2020, then in 2021, and then again in 2023, but all these dates were cancelled due to COVID-19 pandemic regulations in China. The 2022 edition took place in Belgrade, Serbia, and the 2024 edition in Glasgow, United Kingdom.
You Only Live Once (1952 film)
You Only Live Once (German: Man lebt nur einmal) is a 1952 West German comedy film directed by Ernst Neubach and starring Theo Lingen, Marina Ried and Rudolf Platte. It was a remake of the 1931 film The Man in Search of His Murderer. It was shot at the Spandau Studios in Berlin. The film's sets were designed by Emil Hasler and Walter Kutz.

Marina Ried
Marina Ried (née Rsjevskaja; 1921–1989) was a Russian-born German stage and film actress. The niece of the film star Olga Chekhova, she was born in Moscow but moved to Germany as a child. She was married to actor Rudolf Platte between 1942 and 1953.
Shipwrecked: Battle of the Islands 2019
Shipwrecked: Battle of the Islands 2019 is a United Kingdom reality television series, part of the Shipwrecked franchise which originally aired on Channel 4's youth programming label T4 in different formats from 1999 until 2012. The 2019 series is the ninth series of Shipwrecked overall, and the fifth to adopt the "Battle of the Islands" format.

The series was confirmed by Channel 4 on 22 May 2018 with castaway auditions and filming for the series commencing in Summer 2018. It began airing on 28 January 2019, at 9pm on E4, and aired every weeknight for 15 episodes, concluding on 15 February 2019. The series was narrated by Vick Hope.

The series was the first series of Shipwrecked to air since Shipwrecked: The Island concluded on 31 January 2012 and the first revived series of the "Battle of the Islands" format since 2009.

The Tigers won against the Sharks sharing the £50,000 prize. On 15 July 2019, it was announced that the revived show had been axed due to low ratings.

Shipwrecked: The Island
Shipwrecked: The Island is a British reality television series and is the second revival of the Shipwrecked format. The 2011–12 series is the eighth overall in the Shipwrecked series. The Island has a different format from the Battle of the Islands series, consisting of only one tribe of 10 people living together on one island.

The revival of the series was announced by Channel 4 on 19 May 2011 with a 15-episode run and a back-to-basics theme, instead of Battle of the Islands, confirmed. Casting took place over the following months; with filming taking place between August and October 2011.

The series began on 23 October 2011 and was aired at 8pm on Tuesdays on E4 until 31 January 2012, there was no episode broadcast on 20 December 2011.
Italian ship Alliance
Alliance (A5345) is a research vessel owned by NATO and operated by the Marina Militare as a NATO research vessel and owned by the CMRE – Centre for Maritime Research and Experimentation, in La Spezia, Italy. Alliance has the status of an auxiliary ship of the Marina Militare.

The function of the Alliance is to conduct a wide range of acoustic, oceanographic research and engineering technology tasks on behalf of NATO, Marina Militare and third party organizations when 'on hire' for charters in global waters. The design and construction of the vessel was done to create a versatile research platform that is adaptable to the Centre's needs and reduce noise output to the lowest possible level in order to minimize interference with research work.

La Spezia
La Spezia is a city and municipality at the head of the Gulf of La Spezia in the eastern part of the region of Liguria in Italy, the capital of the Province of La Spezia. With a population of 92,711, it is the 2nd-largest municipality in Liguria and the 52-largest in Italy.

La Spezia is the second-largest city in the Liguria region, after Genoa. Located roughly midway between Genoa and Pisa, on the Ligurian Sea, it is one of the main Italian military and commercial harbours and a major Italian Navy base. A popular seaside resort, it is also a significant railway junction, and is notable for its museums, for the Palio del Golfo rowing race, and for railway and boat links with the Cinque Terre.
Sarah Woodward
Sarah Woodward (born 3 April 1963) is a British actress who won an Olivier Award in 1998 for Tom & Clem and was Tony nominated in 2000 for The Real Thing. Sarah is the daughter of actor Edward Woodward and his first wife, actress Venetia Barrett. She is sister of actor Tim Woodward, and actor, voice artist, and screenwriter Peter Woodward, and half-sister to actress Emily Woodward, whose mother is actress Michele Dotrice.

Michele Dotrice
Michele Dotrice (born 27 September 1948) is an English actress. She played Betty Spencer, the long-suffering wife of Frank Spencer, portrayed by Michael Crawford, in the BBC sitcom Some Mothers Do 'Ave 'Em, which ran from 1973 to 1978, and returned in 2016 for a special.
Amaram Akhilam Prema
Amaram Akhilam Prema is a 2020 Indian Telugu-language romantic drama film written and directed by Jonathan Edwards and produced by Vevkds Prasad. The film stars Vijay Ram and Shivshakti Sachdev along with Naresh, Annapoorna  and Srikanth Iyengar in supporting roles. The music was composed by Radhan while cinematography was handled by Rasool Ellore and editing done by Mariappan. The film was released on Aha on 18 September 2020.

Aha (streaming service)
Aha (stylised as aha) is an Indian over-the-top streaming service which offers Telugu and Tamil-language content. It is owned by Arha Media & Broadcasting Private Limited, a joint venture between Geetha Arts and My Home Group. The service was soft launched on 25 January 2020 and launched officially on 25 March 2020, coinciding with Ugadi, the Telugu New Year.
Tehreek Tahafuz Ayin
The Tehreek-e-Tahafuz-e-Ayeen-e-Pakistan (TTAP; Urdu: تحریک تحفظ آئین پاکستان, lit. 'Movement for the Protection of the Constitution of Pakistan') sometimes called just Tehreek Tahafuz Ayin  is a big tent political alliance of several political parties in Pakistan led by the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI), the largest party in the alliance, and is under the leadership of Mahmood Khan Achakzai. Currently, it consists of various parties that protest against alleged electoral fraud in the 2024 Pakistani general elections and to oppose the Second Shehbaz Sharif government.

Mahmood Khan Achakzai
Mahmud Khan Achakzai (Pashto: محمود خان اڅکزی; born 14 December 1948) is a Pakistani Pashtun regionalist politician who is the Chairman of Pashtunkhwa Milli Awami Party. Achakzai completed his Engineering degree from the Peshawar University of Engineering and Technology. In the 7th National Congress of Pashtunkhwa Milli Awami Party on 19 and 20 December 2022 Mahmood Khan Achakzai was re elected as the Chairman of PkMAP. He has been serving as member of the National Assembly of Pakistan since 29 February 2024. On 16 January 2026, he began serving as the leader of the opposition in the National Assembly of Pakistan after being nominated by former Prime Minister Imran Khan.
Doug Gatewood
Doug Gatewood (born November 16, 1955) is an American Democratic politician in the state of Kansas. He served as a member of the Kansas House of Representatives, representing the 1st district from 1999 to 2012. First elected to the House in 1998, he has previously served as mayor and city council member in Columbus and city council in Galena, Kansas.

Governor Kathleen Sebelius appointed Gatewood to serve on the Kansas Technology Enterprise Corporation, which encourages technology based economic development. Additionally, he has been a small business owner for over 30 years and has also been active in the local Chamber of Commerce and the Lions Club.

Kathleen Sebelius
Kathleen Sebelius (/sɪˈbiːliəs/; née Gilligan, born May 15, 1948) is an American politician who served as the 21st United States secretary of health and human services from 2009 until 2014. As Secretary of Health and Human Services, Sebelius was instrumental in overseeing the implementation of the Affordable Care Act. Before becoming secretary, she served as the 44th governor of Kansas from 2003 to 2009, the second woman to hold that office. She is a member of the Democratic Party. Sebelius was the Democratic respondent to the 2008 State of the Union address and is chair-emerita of the Democratic Governors Association (she was its first female chair). She is CEO of Sebelius Resources LLC.
Nyanzapithecinae
The Nyanzapithecinae or Nyanzapithecines are a subfamily of extinct Dendropithecidae as sister of Simiolus. The group contains Rangwapithecus, Turkanapithecus, Rukwapithecus, Oreopithecus, and Nyanzapithecus. In the following tree the internal structure of Nyanzapithecinae of Nengo et al. is followed.

Nyanzapithecinae Harrison, 2002

Nyanzapithecus Harrison, 1986
Nyanzapithecus harrisoni Kunimatsu, 1997
Nyanzapithecus pickfordi Harrison, 1986
Nyanzapithecus vancouveringorum Andrews, 1974

Mabokopithecus von Koenigswald, 1969
Mabokopithecus clarki von Koenigswald, 1969

Rangwapithecus Andrews, 1974
Rangwapithecus gordoni Andrews, 1974

Turkanapithecus Leakey & Leakey, 1986
Turkanapithecus kalakolensis Leakey & Leakey, 1986

Nengo et al. suggest: "Nyanzapithecines were a long-lived and diverse group of Miocene hominoids that are probably close to the origin of crown hominoids."

Simiolus
Simiolus is an extinct genus of dendropithecid primates. It was described by Mary Leakey and Richard Leakey in 1987, and the type species is S. enjiessi, which existed during the Miocene of Kenya. The species epithet is a phonetic pun on the acronym NGS. A new species, S. andrewsi, also from the middle Miocene of Kenya, was described by Terry Harrison in 2010. In November 2018, scientists reported the discovery of the smallest known ape, Simiolus minutus, which weighed approximately 8 lb (3.6 kg), and lived about 12.5 million years ago in Kenya in East Africa.
Gillian Knight
Gillian Knight (born 1 November 1934) is an English opera singer and actress, known for her performances in the contralto roles of the Savoy operas.  After six years from 1959 to 1965 starring in these roles with the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company, Knight began a grand opera career.

Knight joined Sadler's Wells Opera (now known as English National Opera) in 1968 and, in 1970, went on to the Royal Opera, where she performed numerous roles over a period of more than three decades. Knight has performed with many other opera companies in Britain, Europe and America and at houses internationally and has recorded many of her Gilbert and Sullivan and grand opera roles.

Contralto
A contralto (Italian pronunciation: [konˈtralto]) is a classical female singing voice whose vocal range is the lowest of their voice types.

The contralto voice type is fairly rare. A contralto's range is similar to that of a mezzo-soprano, and almost identical to that of a countertenor – typically from the F below middle C (F3 in scientific pitch notation) to the second F above middle C (F5), although, at the extremes, some voices can reach the D below middle C (D3) or the second B♭ above middle C (B♭5). The contralto voice type includes coloratura, lyric, and dramatic contraltos.
1924 Malaya Cup
Malaya Cup was a tournament held annually by a Malaya Cup committee.

This is the fourth season of Malaya Cup (later known as Malaysia Cup). It were contested by states in Malaya. The final were contested by the southern and northern champions in their respective conference round. Six states sent their teams. The final were held at Selangor Club Field on 23 August 1924 where Singapore avenged their defeat against Selangor in a rematch of 1922 final's with a sole goal by Rogers.

Singapore FA
Singapore FA was a representative team of the Football Association of Singapore in competitions run by the Football Association of Malaysia, separate from the Singapore national team. Despite dissolving in 1994, it is still by far the second most successful team in Malaysia with 65 honours (only surpassed by its rival Selangor). Its derby with Selangor was known as the most North-South Rivalry.
Joan Garriga (motorcyclist)
Joan Garriga Vilaresau (29 March 1963 – 27 August 2015) was a Spanish Grand Prix motorcycle road racer. He was known for his aggressive riding style. Together with Sito Pons, he helped to forge the path for Spanish riders in the World Championship’s premier class.

Garriga had his best year in 1988, when he won three races and finished second in the 250cc world championship to Pons. In 1990, he moved up to the 500cc class but failed to repeat his successes in the 250 class. He also competed in the Superbike World Championship in 1993.

In 1998, Garriga was arrested for drug trafficking and possessing illegal weapons, and ultimately sentenced to two years' imprisonment, suspended. Court-obtained medical records showed that he had been regularly taking drugs during his motorcycle-racing career.

Garriga died due to injuries suffered in a motorcycle road accident in August 2015.

Sito Pons
Alfonso "Sito" Pons Ezquerra (born 9 November 1959) is a former Spanish professional Grand Prix motorcycle racer. He studied Architecture at the university of Barcelona, He competed in the FIM motorcycle Grand Prix world championships from 1981 to 1991. Pons is notable for winning two consecutive 250cc road racing world championships in 1988 and 1989.

After retiring from competition, Pons created the Honda Pons Racing team in MotoGP, which was forced to disband before the 2006 season due to a lack of funding. The team was best known for its iconic West and Camel liveries.

Pons also turned to auto racing, fielding a team in the World Series by Renault, which was mostly based in United Kingdom. His team won the 2004 championship with Heikki Kovalainen. He then returned to motorcycle racing in the 2010 Moto2 championship, fielding Sergio Gadea and his son Axel.

In 1990, Pons was awarded the Prince of Asturias Award for his achievements in sports.
1949 (film)
1949 is an upcoming biographical film directed by Paweł Pawlikowski, based on the 2021 novel The Magician by Colm Tóibín. The film stars Hanns Zischler and Sandra Hüller as Thomas and Erika Mann, respectively, as they embark on a road trip across Germany during the Cold War. The film also stars August Diehl, Anna Madeley, Devid Striesow, and Theo Trebs.

Paweł Pawlikowski
Paweł Aleksander Pawlikowski (Polish: [ˈpavɛw alɛˈksandɛr pavliˈkɔfskʲi]; born 15 September 1957) is a Polish filmmaker. He garnered early praise for a string of documentaries in the 1990s and for his award-winning feature films of the 2000s, Last Resort (2000) and My Summer of Love (2004). His success continued into the 2010s with Ida (2013), which won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, and Cold War (2018), for which Pawlikowski won the Best Director prize at the Cannes Film Festival and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Director, while the film received a nomination for Best Foreign Language Film.
Lana Rakow
Lana F. Rakow (born April 17, 1952) is a professor emerita of communication at the University of North Dakota and author of Gender on the Line: Women, the Telephone, and Community Life (1992). In 2000, she was identified as a top woman scholar in journalism and mass communication, and her research results were reported by the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication on the Status of Women. She also has numerous other published works that are primarily in the fields of communication and feminist theory.

Rakow was born in North Dakota, where she spent a majority of her life as a student and, later, as a professor, writer, and researcher. As of June 2016, Rakow is in retirement from her position at University of North Dakota. She is currently the Associate Editor of the Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly. Rakow has continued to research, write, and travel in her retirement.

University of North Dakota
The University of North Dakota (UND) is a public research university in Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States. It was established by the Dakota Territorial Assembly in 1883, six years before the establishment of the state of North Dakota.

The university has the only schools of law and medicine in the state of North Dakota. The John D. Odegard School of Aerospace Sciences was the first in the country to offer a degree in unmanned aircraft systems operation. Several national research institutions are on the university's campus including the Energy and Environmental Research Center, the School of Medicine and Health Sciences, and the USDA Human Nutrition Research Center. It is classified among "R1: Doctoral universities – very high research activity".
Rasayani railway station
Rasayani railway station is a railway station on the Panvel–Roha route of Central Railway. It is at a distance of 79.8 km from Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus via Diva Junction. Its station code is RSYI. It belongs to the Mumbai division of Central Railway.

The station is situated in Raigad district of Navi Mumbai city, of Maharashtra, an Indian state. It is situated between Somtane and Apta railway stations, both too in Navi Mumbai city.

Apta railway station
Apta railway station is a railway station on the Panvel–Roha route of Central Railway in India. The station is situated in Raigad district of Navi Mumbai city in Maharashtra. It is  83.24 km from Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus via Diva Junction. Its station code is APTA. It belongs to the Mumbai Railway Division of Central Railway.
Warwick McKibbin
Warwick James McKibbin AO (born 21 April 1957 in Sydney) is an Australian Emeritus Professor of Economics and Public Policy at the Australian National University and a nonresident senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics who works across a wide range of areas in applied policy. He has published more than 200 scholarly articles and several books and is internationally known for his contribution to global economic modelling.

Peterson Institute for International Economics
The Peterson Institute for International Economics (PIIE), known until 2006 as the Institute for International Economics (IIE), is an American think tank based in Washington, D.C. It was founded by C. Fred Bergsten in 1981 and has been led by Adam S. Posen since 2013. PIIE conducts research, provides policy recommendations, and publishes books and articles on a wide range of topics related to the US economy and international economics.

According to the 2015 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report (Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program, University of Pennsylvania), PIIE ranked number 20 (of 150) in the "Top Think Tanks Worldwide" and number 13 (of 60) in the "Top Think Tanks in the United States".