hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Blue Ridge and Atlantic Railroad
The Blue Ridge and Atlantic Railroad of the United States purchased the Cornelia-Tallulah Falls section of the North Eastern Rail Road in an attempt to connect Savannah, Georgia to Knoxville, Tennessee. Chartered in 1887, it went bankrupt in about 1892 and in 1898 its properties became part of the newly formed Tallulah Falls Railway.

Tallulah Falls Railway
The Tallulah Falls Railway, also known as the Tallulah Falls Railroad, "The TF" and "TF & Huckleberry," was a railroad based in Tallulah Falls, Georgia, U.S. which ran from Cornelia, Georgia to Franklin, North Carolina. It was commissioned by the Georgia General Assembly on January 27, 1854, and conducted its final run on March 25, 1961.
Going to Extremes (American TV series)
Going to Extremes is an American drama television series created by Joshua Brand, John Falsey and Frank South. The series stars Erika Alexander, June Chadwick, Roy Dotrice, Camilo Gallardo, Joanna Going, Daniel Jenkins, Charles Keating, Andrew Lauer, Carl Lumbly and Robert Duncan McNeill. The series aired on ABC from September 1, 1992, to January 27, 1993.

Carl Lumbly
Carl Winston Lumbly (born August 14, 1951) is an American actor. He is best known for M.A.N.T.I.S. (1994–1997) and has also had television roles on Cagney & Lacey (1982–1988) and Alias (2001–2006).

He has also had roles in various superhero franchises including voicing Martian Manhunter in the DC Animated Universe (DCAU). Lumbly later portrayed M'yrnn J'onzz, Martian Manhunter's father, in Supergirl (2017–2019). He has since portrayed Isaiah Bradley, the first Black super soldier in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), appearing in The Falcon and the Winter Soldier (2021) and Captain America: Brave New World (2025).
Jorge Clemente (boxer)
Jorge Clemente (born 24 March 1946) is a Puerto Rican boxer. He competed in the men's light heavyweight event at the 1968 Summer Olympics. At the 1968 Summer Olympics, he lost to Stanisław Dragan of Poland.

Stanisław Dragan
Stanisław Dragan (21 November 1941 in Sadkowa Góra, Poland – 21 April 2007 in Kasinka Mała, Poland) was a Polish boxer.

He competed for Poland in the 1968 Summer Olympics held in Mexico City, Mexico in the light-heavyweight event where he finished in third place.
Bouldering at the 2025 IFSC Climbing World Cup
The 2025 season of the IFSC Climbing World Cup was the 26th season of the competition. Bouldering competitions were held at six stops of the IFSC Climbing World Cup. The bouldering season began on April 18 at the World Cup in Keqiao, and concluded on June 29 with the World Cup in Innsbruck. At each stop a qualifying was held on the first day of the competition, and the semi-final and final rounds were conducted on the second day of the competition. The winners were awarded trophies, and the best three finishers received medals. At the end of the season an overall ranking was determined based upon points, which athletes were awarded for finishing in the top 40 of each individual event.

Oriane Bertone won the women's season title. The men's season title went to Sorato Anraku while Japan defended its title in the national teams competition.

Sorato Anraku
Sorato Anraku (安楽 宙斗, Anraku Sorato, born November 14, 2006) is a Japanese rock climber who specializes in competition lead climbing and competition bouldering. In 2023, Anraku became the first climber to win both the Lead Overall World Cup and Boulder Overall World Cup, doing so in his debut senior season. He also won the gold medal in the combined boulder and lead event at the 2022 Asian Games, held in October 2023. He won the silver medal in the combined boulder and lead event at the 2024 Summer Olympics.
Devontae Cacok
Devontae Calvin Cacok (/ˈkeɪˌkɒk/ KAY-kok; born October 8, 1996) is an American professional basketball player for UCAM Murcia CB of the Spanish Liga ACB and the Basketball Champions League. He played college basketball for the UNC Wilmington Seahawks, where in the 2017–18 season he led the nation in rebounding.

UCAM Murcia CB
UCAM Murcia Club Baloncesto, S.A.D., more commonly referred to as UCAM Murcia, is a professional basketball club based in Murcia, Spain. The team plays in the Liga ACB and the FIBA Europe Cup. Their home venue is Palacio de Deportes. The team is owned and sponsored by the Spanish university Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM).
National American Indian Memorial
The National American Indian Memorial or North American Indian Memorial was a proposed monument to Native Americans to be erected on a bluff overlooking the Narrows, the main entrance to New York Harbor.  The major part of the memorial was to be a 165-foot-tall (50 m) statue of a representative American Indian warrior atop a substantial foundation building housing a museum of native cultures, similar in scale to, but higher than, the Statue of Liberty several miles to the north.  Ground was broken to begin construction in 1913 but the project was never completed and no physical trace remains today.

The proposal was associated with the Wanamaker expeditions of that era, and the concept of memorializing the "Vanishing Indian".

New York Harbor
New York Harbor is a bay that covers all of the Upper Bay. It is at the mouth of the Hudson River near the East River tidal estuary on the East Coast of the United States.

New York Harbor is generally synonymous with  Upper New York Bay, which is enclosed by the New York City boroughs of Manhattan, Brooklyn, and Staten Island and the Hudson County, New Jersey, municipalities of Jersey City and Bayonne, although in colloquial usage it can sometimes expand to cover Upper and Lower New York Bay. New York Harbor is one of the largest natural harbors in the world.
Hydrothermal carbonization
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) (also referred to as "aqueous carbonization at elevated temperature and pressure") is a chemical process for the conversion of organic compounds to structured carbons. It can be used to make a wide variety of nanostructured carbons, simple production of brown coal substitute, synthesis gas, liquid petroleum precursors and humus from biomass with release of energy. Technically the process imitates, within a few hours, the brown coal formation process (German "Inkohlung"  literally "coalification") which takes place in nature over enormously longer geological periods of 50,000 to 50 million years. It was investigated by Friedrich Bergius and first described in 1913.

Syngas
Syngas, or synthesis gas, is a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in various ratios.  The gas often contains some carbon dioxide and methane.   It is principally used for producing ammonia or methanol. Syngas is combustible and can be used as a fuel. Historically, it has been used as a replacement for gasoline when gasoline supply has been limited; for example, wood gas was used to power cars in Europe during WWII (in Germany alone, half a million cars were built or rebuilt to run on wood gas).
Raymond Daniels (martial artist)
Raymond Daniels (born April 29, 1980) is an American professional kickboxer, mixed martial artist, and former sport karate competitor. He currently competes for Karate Combat in the Welterweight division. He has formerly competed for Bellator MMA and Bellator Kickboxing, where he was the Bellator Kickboxing Welterweight Champion and was a 2 time runner up for the Glory welterweight title.

Daniels holds black belt ranks in American Kenpo (6th dan), Shotokan Karate (6th dan) and Kukkiwon Taekwondo (5th dan), and a blue belt rank in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu. He is known for his flashy and aggressive style of fighting.

American Kenpo
American Kenpo Karate (/ˈkɛnpoʊ/), also known as American Kenpo or Ed Parker’s Kenpo Karate, is a martial art system developed and codified by Ed Parker in the United States during the mid-20th century. Parker organized a structured curriculum of striking techniques, forms, and self-defense methods that became widely taught through schools in the United States and internationally. The system is characterized by its emphasis on rapid striking combinations, self-defense techniques, and an evolving instructional framework.
Maine Black Bears
The Maine Black Bears are the athletic teams that represent the University of Maine. A member of the America East Conference, the University of Maine sponsors teams in eight men's and nine women's NCAA sanctioned sports. The men's and women's ice hockey teams are members of Hockey East, and the football team is an associate member of the Coastal Athletic Association.

America East Conference
The America East Conference (AmEast) is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated with NCAA Division I whose members are located in the Northeastern United States. The conference is headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts.

Founded in 1979, the conference has nine core members including eight public research universities, three of which - the University of Maine, the University of New Hampshire, and the University of Vermont - are the flagship universities of their states. Two non-flagship university centers of the State University of New York - the University at Albany and Binghamton University - are in the conference along with UMass Lowell, New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT) and Bryant University.  Bryant is the latest institution to join the conference in 2022, when Stony Brook University and the University of Hartford departed the conference. It is the only private university among the core members.

The America East Conference sponsors 18 sports (8 men's and 10 women's).
Alice Mayhew
Alice E. Mayhew (June 14, 1932 – February 4, 2020) was an American editor who was vice president and editorial director for Simon & Schuster. Mayhew edited many notable authors, which include Bob Woodward, President Jimmy Carter, Doris Kearns Goodwin, David Brooks, and Ruth Bader Ginsburg.  Mayhew was known for publishing books about Washington, D.C., such as All the President's Men by Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein using a genre which is known as a political narrative, a subgenre of creative nonfiction.

Creative nonfiction
Creative nonfiction (also known as literary nonfiction, narrative nonfiction or verfabula) is a genre of writing that uses literary styles and techniques to create factually accurate narratives. Creative nonfiction contrasts with other non-fiction, such as academic, technical, or journalistic writing, which are also rooted in accurate fact but not written to entertain based on prose style. Many writers view creative nonfiction as overlapping with the essay.
Coat of arms of the Basque Country (autonomous community)
The current Basque coat of arms (Euskal autonomi erkidegoaren armarria) is the official coat of arms of the Basque Country, an autonomous community of Spain. It consists of a party per cross representing the three historical territories of Álava, Gipuzkoa and Biscay, as well as a fourth, void quarter. The arms are ringed by a regal wreath of oak leaves, symbolic of the Gernikako Arbola. The fourth quarter constituted since the late 19th century the linked chains of Navarre; however, following a legal suit by the Navarre Government claiming that the usage of the arms of a region on the flag of another was illegal, the Constitutional Court of Spain ordered the removal of the chains of Navarre in a judgement of 1986.

Constitutional Court of Spain
The Constitutional Court (Spanish: Tribunal Constitucional) is the supreme interpreter of the Spanish Constitution, with the power to determine the constitutionality of acts and statutes made by any public body, central, regional, or local in Spain. It is defined in Part IX (sections 159 through 165) of the Constitution of Spain, and further governed by Organic Laws 2/1979 (Law of the Constitutional Court of 3 October 1979), 8/1984, 4/1985, 6/1988, 7/1999 and 1/2000. The Court is the "supreme interpreter" of the Constitution, but since the Court is not a part of the Spanish Judiciary, the Supreme Court is the highest court for all judicial matters.
Blue Room (White House)
The Blue Room is one of three state parlors on the first floor in the White House, the residence of the president of the United States. It is distinctive for its oval shape. The room is used for receptions and receiving lines and is occasionally set for small dinners. President Grover Cleveland married Frances Folsom in the room on June 2, 1886, the only wedding of a President and First Lady in the White House.  The room is traditionally decorated in shades of blue. With the Yellow Oval Room above it and the Diplomatic Reception Room below it, the Blue Room is one of three oval rooms in  James Hoban's original design for the White House.

White House Office of the Curator
The White House Office of the Curator is charged with the conservation and study of the collection of fine art, furniture, and decorative objects used to furnish both the public and private rooms of the White House as an official residence and as an accredited historic house museum.

The office began in 1961 during the administration of President John F. Kennedy while First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy oversaw the restoration of the White House. The office is located in the ground floor of the White House Executive Residence. The office, headed by the curator of the White House, includes an associate curator, an assistant curator, and a curatorial assistant. The office works with the chief usher, the Committee for the Preservation of the White House, and the White House Historical Association.

The most recent White House curator is Donna Hayashi Smith, appointed in May 2024. Previously it was Lydia Tederick, appointed in 2017.
Lisa Fauci
Lisa J. Fauci (born September 21, 1960) is an American mathematician who applies computational fluid dynamics to biological processes such as sperm motility and phytoplankton dynamics. More generally, her research interests include numerical analysis, scientific computing, and mathematical biology. She is the Pendergraft Nola Lee Haynes Professor of Mathematics at Tulane University, and was president of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (2019–2020). She was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 2023.

Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM) is a professional society dedicated to applied mathematics, computational science, and data science through research, publications, and community. SIAM is the world's largest scientific society devoted to applied mathematics, and roughly two-thirds of its membership resides within the United States. Founded in 1951, the organization began holding annual national meetings in 1954, and now hosts conferences, publishes books and scholarly journals, and engages in advocacy in issues of interest to its membership. Members include engineers, scientists, and mathematicians, both those employed in academia and those working in industry. The society supports educational institutions promoting applied mathematics.

SIAM is one of the four member organizations of the Joint Policy Board for Mathematics.
1806 Connecticut lieutenant gubernatorial election
The 1806 Connecticut lieutenant gubernatorial election was held on April 7, 1806, in order to elect the lieutenant governor of Connecticut. Incumbent Federalist lieutenant governor John Treadwell defeated Democratic-Republican candidate Asa Spalding in a re-match of the previous year's election.

1805 Connecticut lieutenant gubernatorial election
The 1805 Connecticut lieutenant gubernatorial election was held on April 8, 1805, in order to elect the lieutenant governor of Connecticut. Incumbent Federalist lieutenant governor John Treadwell defeated Democratic-Republican candidate Asa Spalding in a re-match of the previous year's election.
Just Fine
"Just Fine" is a song by American singer Mary J. Blige. It was written by Blige, Terius "The-Dream" Nash, Jazze Pha and Tricky Stewart for her eighth studio album, Growing Pains (2007), while production was helmed by Pha and Stewart. It was released as the album's lead single on October 16, 2007. The song peaked at number 22 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and number 16 on the UK Singles Chart, while also topping the US Hot Dance Club Play chart.

Critically acclaimed, "Just Fine" was nominated in the Best Female R&B Vocal Performance category at the 50th Annual Grammy Awards, held February 2008, as well as the Grammy for Best Remixed Recording, Non-Classical at the 51st Grammy Awards in February 2009. In addition, the song was ranked 41st on Rolling Stone's list of the 100 Best Songs of 2007.

51st Annual Grammy Awards
The 51st Annual Grammy Awards took place at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, on February 8, 2009, honoring the best in music for the recording year beginning October 1, 2007, through September 30, 2008. Neil Diamond was honored as the 2009 MusiCares Person of the Year on February 6, two days prior to the Grammy telecast.

Lil Wayne received the most nominations, with eight. Robert Plant and Alison Krauss were the biggest winners of the night, winning five awards, including Album of the Year for their critically acclaimed album Raising Sand. Krauss became the sixth female solo artist to have won 5 awards in one night, joining Lauryn Hill, Alicia Keys, Norah Jones, Beyoncé and Amy Winehouse.

The awards broadcast won an Emmy for Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Variety Series or Special.
Designers of Maltese stamps
The designers of Maltese stamps have been creating their works for the last 150 years. The most prolific designer of Maltese stamps was Emvin Cremona, who designed most of Malta's stamps from the late 1950s to the 1970s. Dates indicate the years stamps with the artist's design were used (except for overprints).

In some cases, the design of the stamp is entirely based on old paintings. When this occurred, the artist (such as Giuseppe Calì or Edward Lear) is listed as the stamp designer, even though the stamp was issued years after the painting was made.

Edward Lear
Edward Lear (12 May 1812 – 29 January 1888) was an English artist, illustrator, musician, author and poet, who is known mostly for his literary nonsense in poetry and prose and especially his limericks, a form he popularised but which term he never used.

His principal areas of work as an artist were threefold: as a draughtsman employed to make illustrations of birds and animals, making coloured drawings during his journeys (which he reworked later, sometimes as plates for his travel books) and as a minor illustrator of Alfred, Lord Tennyson's poems.

As an author, he is known principally for his popular nonsense collections of poems, songs, short stories, botanical drawings, recipes and alphabets. He also composed and published twelve musical settings of Tennyson's poetry.
The Savage (miniseries)
The Savage (Persian: وحشی, romanized: Vahshi) is a 2025 Iranian television miniseries created by Houman Seyyedi, and starring Javad Ezzati as the lead character. The first episode premiered on Filmnet on 14 April 2025.

Javad Ezzati
Mohammad Javad Ezzati (Persian: محمد جواد عزتی; born January 10, 1982) is an Iranian actor and director. He has received critical acclaim for his work in a wide range of genres. As of 2019, Ezzati's starring films have grossed 150 billion toman and accumulated more than 18 million tickets, making him the highest-grossing actor in Iran. He has received various accolades, including a Crystal Simorgh, two Hafez Awards, an Iran's Film Critics and Writers Association Award, and an Urban International Film Festival Award.
Postal stationery
A piece of postal stationery is a stationery item, such as a stamped envelope, letter sheet, postal card, lettercard, aerogram or wrapper, with an imprinted stamp or inscription indicating that a specific rate of postage or related service has been prepaid.  It does not, however, include any postcard without a pre-printed stamp, and it is different from freepost for preprinted cards issued by businesses. In general, postal stationery is handled similarly to postage stamps; sold from post offices either at the face value of the printed postage or, more likely, with a surcharge to cover the additional cost of the stationery. It can take the form of an official mail issue produced only for the use of government departments.

Postcard
A postcard or post card is a piece of thick paper or thin cardboard, typically rectangular, intended for writing and mailing without an envelope. Non-rectangular shapes may also be used but are rare.

In some places, one can send a postcard for a lower fee than a letter. Stamp collectors distinguish between postcards (which require a postage stamp) and postal cards (which have the postage pre-printed on them). While a postcard is usually printed and sold by a private company, individual or organization, a postal card is issued by the relevant postal authority (often with pre-printed postage).

Production of postcards blossomed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. As an easy and quick way for individuals to communicate, they became extremely popular. The study and collecting of postcards is termed deltiology (from Greek deltion, small writing tablet, and the also Greek -logy, the study of).
Ulrike Sonntag
Ulrike Sonntag (born 1959) is a German operatic soprano and academic voice teacher at the Staatliche Hochschule für Musik und Darstellende Kunst Stuttgart. She was previously a member of the Staatstheater Stuttgart, Vienna State Opera, and other ensembles, and has performed in operas and concerts, and taught masterclasses, in several countries. Among her recordings are rarely performed oratorios by Fanny Hensel and Paul Hindemith.

State University of Music and Performing Arts Stuttgart
The State University of Music and Performing Arts Stuttgart is a professional school for musicians and performing artists in Stuttgart, Germany. Founded in 1857, it is one of the oldest schools of its kind in Germany. It offers programs in music, performing arts, and related disciplines. The university is structured into four faculties and eleven institutes, covering areas such as composition, music education, instrumental and vocal studies, conducting, acting, and puppetry. Its main building, located on the Stuttgart Kulturmeile, was completed in 2002. As of 2023, the university enrolled approximately 800 students and employed over 500 academic and administrative staff. Admission is based on an entrance examination.
Georgina Gotch
Georgina Gotch  (born 9 April 1994 in New South Wales) is an Australian former national representative rower. She was a four-time national champion and a medallist at the 2018 World Rowing Championships.

2018 World Rowing Championships
The 2018 World Rowing Championships were the World Rowing Championships held at the regatta course in Plovdiv, Bulgaria. The event was held from 9 to 16 September. Events held were men and women's open class, lightweight class, and para-rowing.

Prior FISA regattas that had been held in Plovdiv include the 1999 and 2012 World Rowing Junior Championships, and the 2011 European Rowing Championships.

The 2018 World Rowing Championships were the first world rowing championships where the number of men’s and women’s events was equal. The world governing body made that decision in 2017.
Matthew Urwin (rugby union)
Matthew Urwin (born 17 April 2005) is an Emerging Scotland international rugby union player. He plays for Glasgow Warriors. He previously played for Future XV in the Super Series and the amateur sides West of Scotland and Strathclyde University RFC. He was a gold medal winner for Scotland at the 2023 Youth Commonwealth Games playing in the Scotland 7s team.

Super Series (Scottish rugby union competition)
The SRU Super Series, known as the FOSROC Super Series for sponsorship reasons, and prior to 2023 known as Super 6, was a semi-professional league for Scottish rugby union clubs, which ran between 2019 and 2024.