hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rayleigh–Jeans law
In physics, the Rayleigh–Jeans law is an approximation to the spectral radiance of electromagnetic radiation as a function of wavelength from a black body at a given temperature through classical arguments. For wavelength λ, it is

where  is the spectral radiance (the power emitted per unit emitting area, per steradian, per unit wavelength),  is the speed of light,  is the Boltzmann constant, and  is the temperature in kelvins. For frequency , the expression is instead

The Rayleigh–Jeans law agrees with experimental results at large wavelengths (low frequencies) but strongly disagrees at short wavelengths (high frequencies). This inconsistency between observations and the predictions of classical physics is commonly known as the ultraviolet catastrophe. Planck's law, which gives the correct radiation at all frequencies, has the Rayleigh–Jeans law as its low-frequency limit.

Boltzmann constant
The Boltzmann constant (kB or k) is the proportionality factor that relates the average relative thermal energy of particles in a gas with the thermodynamic temperature of the gas. It occurs in the definitions of the kelvin (K) and the molar gas constant, in Planck's law of black-body radiation and Boltzmann's entropy formula, and is used in calculating thermal noise in resistors. The Boltzmann constant has dimensions of energy divided by temperature, the same as entropy and heat capacity. It is named after the Austrian scientist Ludwig Boltzmann.

As part of the 2019 revision of the SI, the Boltzmann constant is one of the seven "defining constants" that have been defined so as to have exact finite decimal values in SI units. They are used in various combinations to define the seven SI base units. The Boltzmann constant is defined to be exactly 1.380649×10−23 joules per kelvin, with the effect of defining the SI unit kelvin.
Clarissa (given name)
Clarissa is a female given name borrowed from Latin, Italian, and Portuguese,. It is a combination of St. Clare of Assisi's Latin name Clara (originally meaning "clear" and "bright") and the suffix -issa, equivalent to -ess. Clarice is an anglicization of Clarisse, the French form of the same name. Clarisa is the Spanish form of the name, and Klárisza the Hungarian. The given names Clara, Clare, and Claire are all cognates.

Claire (given name)
Claire or Clair /ˈklɛər/ is a given name of French origin. The word means clear in French in its feminine form.

Its popularity in the United Kingdom peaked during the 1970s and 1980s; in 1974 it was the second most popular female first name and in 1984 was still sixth, but by 1997 it had fallen out of the top 100 after several years of sharply declining popularity.

The name was traditionally considered male, specifically when spelt Clair; however, it is now commonly used as a female name and is usually spelt Claire.
DN6
DN6 (Romanian: Drumul Național 6) is a national road in Romania which links Bucharest with the Banat region in the western part of the country and further to the East-European capitals Budapest and Belgrade via the border with Hungary near Cenad. It is a very traveled road.

The national road passes through the following municipalities: Alexandria, Caracal, Craiova, Drobeta-Turnu Severin, Caransebeș, Lugoj and Timișoara. Near Gura Văii the road is linked by the road DN6A to the Serbian road network () via a dam on the Danube (Porțile de Fier I).

Drobeta-Turnu Severin
Drobeta-Turnu Severin (Romanian pronunciation: [droˈbeta ˈturnu seveˈrin] ⓘ), colloquially Severin, is a city in Mehedinți County, Oltenia, Romania, on the northern bank of the Danube, close to the Iron Gates. It is one of six Romanian county seats lying on the river Danube. "Drobeta" is the name of the ancient Dacian and Roman towns at the site, and the modern town of Turnu Severin received the additional name of Drobeta during Nicolae Ceaușescu's national-communist dictatorship as part of his myth-making efforts.
John Bingham
John Armor Bingham (January 21, 1815 – March 19, 1900) was an American politician who served as a Republican representative from Ohio and as the United States ambassador to Japan. In his time as a congressman, Bingham served as both assistant Judge Advocate General in the trial of the Abraham Lincoln assassination and a House manager (prosecutor) in the impeachment trial of U.S. President Andrew Johnson. He was also the principal framer of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.

Judge Advocate General of the United States Army
The judge advocate general of the United States Army (TJAG) is the senior officer of the Judge Advocate General's Corps of the United States Army. Under Title 10 of the United States Code, the TJAG is appointed by the president of the United States with the advice and consent of the Senate. Suitable candidates are recommended by the secretary of the Army. By statute, TJAG serves a four-year term as the legal adviser of the secretary of the Army and of all officers and agencies of the Department of the Army; directs the members of the Judge Advocate General's Corps in the performance of their duties; and receives, revises, and has recorded the proceedings of courts of inquiry and military commissions 10 U.S.C. § 7037.
Fisher Athletic F.C.
Fisher Athletic F.C. were a semi-professional football club from South East London, which last played in the Conference South, which is one of the two leagues that form the sixth tier of the English football league system. The Bermondsey-based club ground-shared at Champion Hill Stadium, the home of Dulwich Hamlet. They were wound up by the High Court, after failing to repay their debts, on 13 May 2009. However, it was announced on 29 May that a new club, Fisher F.C., had been formed. The new club was elected to the Kent League for the 2009–10 season.

Bermondsey
Bermondsey (/ˈbɜːrməndzi/ BUR-mənd-zee) is a district in southeast London, part of the London Borough of Southwark, England, 2+1⁄2 miles (4 kilometres) southeast of Charing Cross. To the west of Bermondsey lies Southwark, to the east Rotherhithe and Deptford, to the south Walworth and Peckham, and to the north is Wapping across the River Thames.   It lies within the historic county boundaries of Surrey. During the Industrial Revolution Bermondsey became a centre for manufacturing, particularly in relation to tanning. More recently it has experienced regeneration including warehouse conversions to flats and the provision of new transport links.
2023–24 Úrvalsdeild kvenna (basketball)
The 2023–24 Úrvalsdeild kvenna is the 67th season of the Úrvalsdeild kvenna, the top tier women's basketball league on Iceland. The season started on 27 September 2023 and concluded on 22 May 2024 with Keflavík winning the national championship after beating Njarðvík in the Úrvalsdeild finals, 3–0. Sara Rún Hinriksdóttir of Keflavík was named the Finals MVP.

Sara Rún Hinriksdóttir
Sara Rún Hinriksdóttir (born 14 August 1996) is an Icelandic basketball player who currently plays for Keflavík and the Icelandic national basketball team. She played college basketball for Canisius in the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference. She is a five time Icelandic Female Basketball Player of the Year.

Sara started her career with her hometown team of Keflavík where she won the Icelandic championship and Icelandic Cup in 2013. After her college career, she joined Leicester Riders where she won the WBBL Trophy in 2020, while also being named the WBBL Trophy MVP, and the WBBL Cup in 2021.
Cat Person (film)
Cat Person is a 2023 psychological thriller film directed by Susanna Fogel from a screenplay by Michelle Ashford, based on the 2017 short story of the same name by Kristen Roupenian. The film stars Emilia Jones, Nicholas Braun, Geraldine Viswanathan, Hope Davis, Fred Melamed, and Isabella Rossellini.

Cat Person premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 21, 2023. The film was released in the United States on October 6, 2023, by Rialto Pictures.

Rialto Pictures
Rialto Pictures is a film distributor founded in 1997 by Bruce Goldstein and based in New York City. A year later, Adrienne Halpern joined him as partner. In 2002, Eric Di Bernardo became the company's National Sales Director. It was described as "the gold standard of reissue distributors" by film critic Kenneth Turan. In 1999, Rialto received a special Heritage Award from the National Society of Film Critics, and in 2000 received a special award from the New York Film Critic's Circle, presented to Goldstein and Halpern by Jeanne Moreau. The two co-presidents have each received the French Order of Chevalier of Arts and Letters.
Mülheim
Mülheim, officially Mülheim an der Ruhr (German pronunciation: [ˈmyːlhaɪm ʔan deːɐ̯ ˈʁuːɐ̯] ⓘ, lit. 'Mülheim on the Ruhr'; Low German: Mölm; Kölsch: Müllem) and also described as "City on the River", is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia in western Germany. It is located in the Ruhr Area between Duisburg, Essen, Oberhausen and Ratingen. It is home to many companies, and two Max Planck Institutes.

Mülheim an der Ruhr was granted city rights in 1808, and a century later its population surpassed 100,000, officially making it a major city.

Oberhausen
Oberhausen (/ˈoʊbərhaʊzən/, German: [ˈoːbɐhaʊzn̩] ⓘ) is a city on the river Emscher in the Ruhr Area, Germany, located between Duisburg and Essen (c. 13 km or 8 mi). The city hosts the International Short Film Festival Oberhausen and The Static Roots Festival. Its Gasometer Oberhausen is an anchor point of the European Route of Industrial Heritage.

Culture: Exhibitions of ice sculptures, Eiswelt Oberhausen, occurred in 2024 [and 2025].
2018 Summer Youth Olympics
The 2018 Summer Youth Olympics (Spanish: Juegos Olímpicos de la Juventud de 2018), officially known as the III Summer Youth Olympic Games, and commonly known as Buenos Aires 2018, were an international sports, cultural, and educational event held from 6 to 18 October 2018 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. They were the first Youth Olympic Games held outside of Eurasia, and the first Summer Games held outside of Asia and the first to be held in the Western and Southern hemispheres.

It was the second Olympic Games held in South America after the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and was also the final Summer Youth Olympic Games under the IOC presidency of Thomas Bach as the subsequent Summer Youth Olympics in 2022 was postponed to 2026 as a result of the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic.

Thomas Bach
Thomas Bach (born 29 December 1953) is a German lawyer, former foil fencer, and Olympic gold medalist. He served as the ninth president of the International Olympic Committee from 2013 to 2025. He was the first ever Olympic champion to be elected to that position. Since 2025, he has served as Honorary President of the International Olympic Committee. Bach is also a former German individual foil champion as well as a team world champion, and former member of the German Olympic Sports Confederation's executive board.
Sisterworld
Sisterworld is the fifth studio album by experimental rock trio Liars, released on March 9, 2010. The album was written and recorded in Los Angeles with assistance from Tom Biller. In early November, a link was posted on their official Myspace page directing users to www.thesisterworld.com, where "Scissor", the premiere track from Sisterworld was made available for free download and streaming. An expanded version of the album is being released with a bonus remix disc featuring remixes from Radiohead's Thom Yorke, TV on the Radio's Tunde Adebimpe, Blonde Redhead's Kazu Makino, Deerhunter's Bradford Cox, Melvins and others.
The music video for "Scissor", directed by Andy Bruntel, won the Best Music Video award at the Vimeo Festival + Awards 2011.  In October 2011, NME placed "Scarecrows on a Killer Slant" at number 68 on its list "150 Best Tracks of the Past 15 Years".

Blonde Redhead
Blonde Redhead is an American alternative rock band composed of Kazu Makino (vocals, keyboards, rhythm guitar) and identical twin brothers Simone Pace (drums, keyboards) and Amedeo Pace (lead guitar, bass, keyboards, vocals) that formed in New York City in 1993. The band's earliest albums were noted for their noise rock influences, though their sound evolved by the early 2000s with the releases of Misery is a Butterfly (2004) and 23 (2007), which both incorporated elements of dream pop, shoegaze and other genres. They have released ten studio albums and have toured internationally.
Nale Boniface
Nale Boniface (born 1993) is a Tanzanian model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Earth Tanzania 2014. She represented her country at the Miss Earth 2014 and replaced winner Carolyne Bernard to compete at the Miss Universe 2014 in Doral, Florida.

Miss Earth 2014
Miss Earth 2014 was the 14th edition of the Miss Earth pageant, held at the University of the Philippines Theater in Quezon City, Metro Manila, Philippines, on November 29, 2014.

Alyz Henrich of Venezuela crowned Jamie Herrell of the Philippines as her successor at the end of the event.

The pageant's theme was promoting ecotourism which aims to raise awareness to the tourists and travelers regarding ecological conservation in order to directly benefit the economic development and to foster respect for different cultures and for human rights.
Pharly
Pharly (22 April 1974 – 10 November 2002) was a French Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. He won five of his thirteen races, finished second five times and third once and was rated among the best colts of his generation in France at two and three years of age. As a two-year-old, he won one minor race in his first four starts but then defeated an all-aged field to win the Group One Prix de la Forêt. In the following year he added major victories in the Prix Lupin, Prix du Rond Point and Prix du Moulin and finished second in the Poule d'Essai des Pouliches, Prix d'Ispahan and Prix de la Forêt. After his retirement from racing he had some success as a breeding stallion in both France and England. He died in 2002 at the age of twenty-eight.

Prix Daniel Wildenstein
The Prix Daniel Wildenstein is a Group 2 flat horse race in France open to thoroughbreds aged three years or older. It is run at Longchamp over a distance of 1,600 metres (about 1 mile), and it is scheduled to take place each year in late September or early October.
Otherworld (painting)
Otherworld is a 2002 painting by American artist Andrew Wyeth. The painting depicts Andrew Wyeth's wife and manager, Betsy Wyeth, looking out the window of a private jet. Andrew had originally titled the painting Betsy's World in reference to his famous painting Christina's World, but it was renamed Otherworld by Betsy. Visible through windows of the plane are two places commonly featured in Andrew's work: Out the left window is the Kuerner Farm in Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania and out the right window is the Olson House in Cushing, Maine. The painting's content is unusual for Wyeth, as he rarely depicted twentieth century technology or settings.

Christina's World
Christina's World is a 1948 painting by American painter Andrew Wyeth and one of the best-known American paintings of the mid-20th century. It is a tempera work done in a realist style, depicting a woman in an inclined position on the ground in a treeless, mostly tawny field, looking up at a gray house on the horizon, a barn, and various other small outbuildings adjacent to the house. It is held by the Museum of Modern Art, in New York.

The painting was featured in the 1980 BBC Two series 100 Great Paintings.
Jack Price (rugby league)
Jack Price (c. 1893 – 7 February 1952) was an English professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1920s. He played at representative level for Great Britain and England, and at club level for Broughton Rangers and Wigan, as a second-row or loose forward.

Broughton Rangers
Broughton Rangers were one of the twenty-one rugby clubs which met at the George Hotel, Huddersfield, in 1895 to form the Northern Rugby Football Union. They were originally based in Broughton, Salford, but in 1933 moved to Gorton, Manchester to play at the Belle Vue Stadium, and were renamed Belle Vue Rangers in 1946. The club folded in 1955.
String-searching algorithm
A string-searching algorithm, sometimes called string-matching algorithm, is an algorithm that searches a body of text for portions that match by pattern.

A basic example of string searching is when the pattern and the searched text are arrays of elements of an alphabet (finite set) Σ.  Σ may be a human language alphabet, for example, the letters A through Z and other applications may use a binary alphabet (Σ = {0,1}) or a DNA alphabet (Σ = {A,C,G,T}) in bioinformatics.

In practice, the method of feasible string-search algorithm may be affected by the string encoding. In particular, if a variable-width encoding is in use, then it may be slower to find the Nth character, perhaps requiring time proportional to N. This may significantly slow some search algorithms. One of many possible solutions is to search for the sequence of code units instead, but doing so may produce false matches unless the encoding is specifically designed to avoid it.

Approximate string matching
In computer science, approximate string matching (often colloquially referred to as fuzzy string searching) is the technique of finding  strings that match a pattern approximately (rather than exactly). The problem of approximate string matching is typically divided into two sub-problems: finding approximate substring matches inside a given string and finding dictionary strings that match the pattern approximately.
Cayn
Cayn or Ayn is an administrative region that Puntland unilaterally declared to be established in the 2000s. However, there is Somaliland between Cayn and Puntland, and they do not directly border each other. Somaliland has legally designated this area as its territory as Buhoodle District. SSC-Khatumo, which declared its secession from Somaliland in 2023, claims the territories of Sanaag, Sool, and Cayn, as its name implies, and effectively controls Buuhoodle.

Cayn is derived from Aynaba (Somali: Caynaba). Aynaba was inhabited by the Dhulbahante clan until the early 20th century, but the British government armed the Habr Je'lo clan and occupied during the Dervish movement. Since then, Aynaba has been the subject of conflict between Habr Je'lo and Dhulabahante.: 61

Sanaag
Sanag (Somali: Sanaag, Arabic: سَنَاج) is an administrative region (gobol) in north eastern Somaliland. Sanaag has a long coastline facing the Gulf of Aden to the north, and is bordered by the region of Sahil to the west, Sool to the south and Somalia to the east. The region is disputed by the self-declared Somaliland and Puntland, a state of Somalia.

Its capital city is Erigavo. Sanaag is the largest region of Somaliland, accounting for 35% of Somaliland's total land area.

The region is partially controlled by Puntland and Somaliland. Puntland claims only the Harti-inhabited parts of region to be part of Somaliland, while the latter claims the entire region - a claim based on the British Somaliland boundaries.
Eduardo Alcaraz
Alfredo Vergara Morales (13 April 1915 – 18 April 1987), best known by the stage name Eduardo Alcaraz, was a Chilean-Mexican actor. Born in Santiago, he was based in Mexico since 1951. He appeared in films such as Escuela de rateros (1958) alongside Pedro Infante. He also worked as voice actor in many movies and cartoons.

In 1949, while working at Radio Quito in Ecuador, he participated in an adaptation of The War of the Worlds, similar to how Orson Welles had done a decade earlier in the United States. Alcaraz was in charge of the script of this new version, which like Welles's version represented the events narrated as if it were a true transmission. When it was revealed that it was a fictional story, a crowd made their way to the El Comercio newspaper building, where the radio worked, and set it on fire. Six people died.

Escuela de rateros
Escuela de rateros ("School of Thieves") is a 1958 Mexican film. It was written by Luis Alcoriza, starring Pedro Infante in a dual role, and Yolanda Varela. It was directed by Rogelio A. González. It was Infante's last film. It also raises awareness about violence against women.
Dynamo Stadium (Makhachkala)
Dynamo Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium. It is situated in Makhachkala, Russia.  It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of FC Dynamo Makhachkala.  The stadium holds 15,200 people and opened in 1927. It hosted Russian Premier League side Anzhi Makhachkala until they moved to the Anzhi-Arena in 2013.

FC Anzhi Makhachkala
Football Club Anzhi Makhachkala (Russian: Футбо́льный клуб «Анжи́» Махачкала́, pronounced [fʊdˈbolʲnɨj ˈklup ɐnˈʐɨ məxətɕkɐˈla]), known simply as FC Anji, is a Russian semi-professional football club based in the Dagestani capital of Makhachkala. Founded in 1991, the club now competes in the fifth-tier of Russian Football, the Russian Amateur Football League.

In January 2011, Anzhi Makhachkala was purchased by billionaire Suleyman Kerimov, and subsequently made numerous high-profile signings, including those of striker Samuel Eto'o and defender Roberto Carlos. Following severe budget cuts ahead of the 2013–14 Russian Premier League season, the club lost most of its key players and went on to finish bottom of the table, which resulted in relegation to the Russian National Football League at the end of the season.
JewQ International Torah Championship
JewQ (also called the International Jewish Knowledge Championship and International Torah Championship) is an annual contest in which part‑time Hebrew school pupils in grades 3–7 study a set Jewish‑knowledge syllabus and take written and quiz‑bowl exams. The programme was launched in 2018 by CKids International, a division of Merkos L'Inyonei Chinuch, and has since spread to communities on six continents.

Merkos L'Inyonei Chinuch
Merkos L'Inyonei Chinuch (Hebrew: מרכז לענייני חינוך Mēr Kūz Lĕ Īn Yān Nē Ḥin Ōōḵ lit. Central Organization for Education) is the central educational arm of the Chabad-Lubavitch movement. It was founded in 1943 by the sixth Rebbe, Rabbi Yosef Yitzchok Schneersohn, who served as president, and appointed his son-in-law, Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson, who would later become the seventh Rebbe, as its chairman and director. After the death of Rabbi Yosef Yitzchok Schneersohn, Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson succeeded him as president. Today, Rabbi Chaim Yehuda Krinsky serves as chairman and, until his death in 2024, Rabbi Moshe Kotlarsky A"H served as vice-chairman.

Merkos L'Inyonei Chinuch is the official body responsible for establishing Chabad centers across the globe. Its vice-chairman Rabbi Moshe Kotlarsky oversaw the global network of emissaries,and directed the annual international conference of Chabad emissaries.
Stephen Beal
Stephen Beal is an American artist, educator, and academic administrator. He served as the 9th president of California College of the Arts in San Francisco and Oakland, California, from 2008 until 2023. His artwork recognized for his colorful grid paintings.

California College of the Arts
The California College of the Arts (CCA) is a private art school in San Francisco, California. It was founded in Berkeley, California in 1907 and moved to a historic estate in Oakland, California in 1922. In 1996, it opened a second campus in San Francisco; in 2022, the Oakland campus was closed and merged into the San Francisco campus. CCA enrolls approximately 1,239 undergraduates and 380 graduate students. In January 2026, CCA president David Howse announced the college will be closing at the end of the 2026–2027 academic year, with Vanderbilt University taking over the campus.