hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fear of floating
Fear of floating is the hesitancy of a country to follow a floating exchange rate regime, rather than a fixed exchange rate. This is more relevant in emerging economies, especially when they suffered from financial crisis in the last two decades. In foreign exchange markets of the emerging market economies, there is evidence showing that countries who claim they are floating their currency, are actually reluctant to let the nominal exchange rate fluctuate in response to macroeconomic shocks. In the literature, this is first convincingly documented by Calvo and Reinhart with "fear of floating" as the title of one of their papers in 2000.  Since then, this widespread phenomenon of reluctance to adjust exchange rates in emerging markets is usually called "fear of floating". Most of the studies on "fear of floating" are closely related to literature on costs and benefits of different exchange rate regimes.

Guillermo Calvo
Guillermo Antonio Calvo (born 1941) is an Argentine-American economist who is director of Columbia University's mid-career Program in Economic Policy Management in their School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA).

He published significant research in macroeconomics, especially monetary economics and the economics of emerging markets and transition economies.
Kala Nera
Kala Nera (Greek: Καλά Νερά meaning "good waters") is a village in the municipal unit of Milies, Magnesia, Greece. It is situated in the western part of the mountainous Pelion peninsula, on the Pagasetic Gulf coast. It is 3 km southwest of Milies, 5 km southeast of Agios Georgios Nileias and 17 km southeast of Volos.

Agios Georgios Nileias
Agios Georgios Nileias (Greek: Άγιος Γεώργιος Νηλείας) is a village and a community in the municipal unit of Milies, Magnesia, Greece. It is situated on the slopes of mount Pelion, at about 700 m elevation. Agios Georgios Nileias is 1.5 km east of Agios Vlasios, 3 km northwest of Pinakates, 6 km northwest of Milies and 13 km east of Volos. Agios Georgios Nileias has a municipal museum with works of the sculptor Nikolaos Pavlopoulos.
Andrea Giacomo Podesta
Andrea Giacomo Podesta (1620 – after 1640) was an Italian engraver and painter. He was born at Genoa, and traveled as a young man to Rome to apprentice under Giovanni Andrea Ferrari. He is best known for engravings of paintings of past masters such as Titian and Annibale Carracci.

Giovanni Andrea de Ferrari
Giovanni Andrea de Ferrari (1598–1669) was an Italian painter of the Baroque period, active mainly in Genoa. A prolific easel painter who created many altarpieces, he was, together with Gioacchino Assereto and Orazio de Ferrari, one of the chief influences on the later development of the Baroque in Genoa.
Piperaquine/dihydroartemisinin
Piperaquine/dihydroartemisinin (DHA/PPQ), sold under the brand name Eurartesim among others, is a fixed dose combination medication used in the treatment of malaria. It is a combination of piperaquine and dihydroartemisinin. Specifically it is used for malaria of the P. falciparum and P. vivax types. It is taken by mouth.

Side effects are uncommon. Concerns include the possibility of QT prolongation. Versions are available for use in children. Use in early pregnancy is not recommended. The two medications work by different mechanisms.

Piperaquine/dihydroartemisinin was approved for medical use in Europe in 2011. The combination is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is commercially available in Africa and Asia. It has been used to treat more than 4.5 million people as of 2017.

Dihydroartemisinin
Dihydroartemisinin (also known as dihydroqinghaosu, artenimol or DHA) is a drug used to treat malaria.  Dihydroartemisinin is the active metabolite of all artemisinin compounds (artemisinin, artesunate, artemether, etc.) and is also available as a drug in itself.  It is a semi-synthetic derivative of artemisinin and is widely used as an intermediate in the preparation of other artemisinin-derived antimalarial drugs. It is sold commercially in combination with piperaquine and has been shown to be equivalent to artemether/lumefantrine.
Saturn IB-A
The Saturn IB-A was a proposed Saturn I family variant but was never built. It was to be a three-stage rocket virtually identical in layout to the Saturn IB-CE, with upgraded H-1 engines and a stretched S-IVB stage.

S-IVB
The S-IVB (pronounced "S-four-B") was the third stage on the Saturn V and second stage on the Saturn IB launch vehicles. Built by the Douglas Aircraft Company, it had one J-2 rocket engine. For lunar missions it was fired twice: first for Earth orbit insertion after second stage cutoff, and then for translunar injection (TLI).
2027 UEFA Conference League final
The 2027 UEFA Conference League final will be the final match of the 2026–27 UEFA Conference League, the sixth season of Europe's tertiary club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the third season since it was renamed from the UEFA Europa Conference League to the UEFA Conference League. It will be played at Beşiktaş Stadium in Istanbul, Turkey, on 2 June 2027. However, if the New Ankara Stadium in Ankara is completed on time, the Turkish Football Federation will request UEFA to host the match there.

The winners will qualify to enter the league phase of the 2027–28 UEFA Europa League, unless they have already qualified for the Champions League or Europa League through their league performance (in which case the access list will be rebalanced).

Turkish Football Federation
The Turkish Football Federation (Turkish: Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu; TFF) is the governing body of association football in Turkey. It was formed on 23 April 1923, and joined FIFA the same year and UEFA in 1962. It organizes the Turkey national football team, the Turkish Football League and the Turkish Cup.
Between Hamburg and Haiti
Between Hamburg and Haiti (German: Zwischen Hamburg und Haiti) is a 1940 German drama film directed by Erich Waschneck and starring Gustav Knuth, Gisela Uhlen and Albert Florath.

The film's sets were designed by Ernst H. Albrecht. Location shooting took place in Hamburg.

Gustav Knuth
Gustav Knuth (7 July 1901 – 1 February 1987) was a German film actor. He appeared in more than 120 films between 1935 and 1982 and starred in the TV series Alle meine Tiere. He was married to the actress Elisabeth Lennartz.
1976–77 Lancashire Cup
1976–77 was the sixty-fourth occasion on which the Lancashire Cup completion had been held.

Widnes won the trophy  by beating Workington Town by the score of 16-11

The match was played at Central Park, Wigan, (historically in the county of Lancashire). The attendance was 9,399 and receipts were £6,414.00

Central Park (Wigan)
Central Park was a rugby league stadium in Wigan, England, which was the home of Wigan RLFC before the club moved to the JJB Stadium in 1999. Its final capacity was 18,000. The site is now a Tesco supermarket and car park.
Dresbachian
The Dresbachian is a Maentwrogian regional stage of North America, lasting from 501 to 497 million years ago. It is part of the Upper Cambrian and is defined by four trilobite zones. It overlaps with the ICS-stages Guzhangian, Paibian and the lowest Jiangshanian.

The Dresbachian overlies the Middle Cambrian Albertan series, and is the lowest stage of the Upper Cambrian Croixian series, followed by the Franconian stage.  The Dresbachian extinction event, about 502 million years ago, was followed by the Cambrian–Ordovician extinction event about 486.85 million years ago.

Guzhangian
28°43′12″N 109°57′53″E﻿ / ﻿28.7200°N 109.9647°E﻿ / 28.7200; 109.9647
The Guzhangian is an uppermost stage of the Miaolingian Series of the Cambrian. It follows the Drumian Stage and precedes the Paibian Stage of the Furongian Series. The base is defined as the first appearance of the trilobite Lejopyge laevigata around 500.5 million years ago. The Guzhangian-Paibian boundary is marked by the first appearance of the trilobite Glyptagnostus reticulatus around 497 million years ago.

The name Guzhangian is derived from Guzhang County, Hunan Province, China.
St. Agnes Church (Thunder Bay)
St. Agnes Church is a Roman Catholic Parish church in Thunder Bay, Ontario. It was founded by the Society of Jesus in 1885. It is situated in the centre of the city on the corner of Mary Street West and Brown Street.

Diocese of Thunder Bay
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Thunder Bay (Latin: Dioecesis Sinus Tonitralis) is a Latin suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Toronto, in Ontario, Canada.

Its cathedral episcopal see is St. Patrick's Cathedral, dedicated to St. Patrick, in Thunder Bay, Ontario.
Jordan Allan
Jordan Allan (born 20 October 1998) is a Scottish footballer who plays for Scottish League One club Queen of the South. He has previously played for Airdrieonians, Wolverhampton Wanderers, Cowdenbeath, Forfar Athletic, Clyde (two spells) and Falkirk.

Clyde F.C.
Clyde Football Club is a Scottish semi-professional football club who play in Scottish League Two. Nicknamed the Bully Wee, the club was formed in 1877 at the River Clyde in Glasgow, the club currently host their home matches at New Douglas Park in Hamilton, having played at Broadwood Stadium in Cumbernauld from 1994 until 2022.

The club's biggest accomplishments are winning the Scottish Cup on three occasions: 1939, 1955 and 1958; they reached the final a further three times, all during a long period based at Shawfield, in Rutherglen. They have not played in the top division of Scottish football since 1975.

The club have been managed by Darren Young since October 2024.
Georg Christoph Biller
Georg Christoph Biller (20 September 1955 – 27 January 2022) was a German choral conductor. He conducted the Thomanerchor as the sixteenth Thomaskantor since Johann Sebastian Bach from 1992 to 2015. He was also a baritone, an academic teacher, and a composer. Active as Thomaskantor after the German reunification, Biller returned the Thomanerchor to its original focus on church music. He was instrumental in the new buildings for the choir's boarding school, the Forum Thomanum, and in the celebration of its 800th anniversary in 2012.

Church music
Church music is a genre of Christian music written for performance in church, or any musical setting of ecclesiastical liturgy, or music set to words expressing propositions of a sacred nature, such as a hymn.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1711
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1711, adopted unanimously on September 29, 2006, after recalling all previous resolutions concerning the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, including resolutions 1565 (2004), 1592 (2005), 1596 (2005), 1621 (2005), 1628 (2005), 1635 (2005), 1671 (2006) and 1693 (2006), and resolutions 1650 (2005), 1669 (2006), 1692 (2006) on the situation in Burundi and the African Great Lakes region, the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC) until February 15, 2007.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1669
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1669, adopted unanimously on April 10, 2006, after recalling previous resolutions concerning the situation in Burundi and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, particularly Resolution 1650 (2005), the Council authorised the redeployment of personnel from the United Nations Operation in Burundi (ONUB) to the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC) until July 1, 2006.
Shreeman v/s Shreemati
Shreeman Vs Shreemati (/ʃriːman viː ɛs ʃriːmati/) is a 2025 Indian Bengali-language legal romantic comedy drama film directed by Pathikrit Basu. Produced by Adipta Majumder under the banner of Kahhak Studios, the film draws inspiration from India’s longest-running divorce case. It stars for the first time Mithun Chakraborty and Anjan Dutt together, along with Anjana Basu in the lead roles, while Parambrata Chatterjee and Madhumita Sarcar play other pivotal roles. The film premiered theatrically in India on 1 May 2025.

Anjan Dutt
Anjan Dutt (born 19 January 1953) is an Indian film director, actor, and singer-songwriter known for his work in the Bengali alternative music genre anyodharar gaan. As an actor, Dutta began his career in Bengali cinema in the Mrinal Sen film Chaalchitra, for which he won the best newcomer actor award at the Venice Film Festival. He acted in Aparna Sen's hit film, Mr. and Mrs. Iyer. In 2018 he featured in Swapnasandhani's new play Taraye Taraye, as Vincent van Gogh, under the direction of Kaushik Sen.

He is also a national award-winning filmmaker and is one of the most prominent directors of Bengali cinema, directing Dutta Vs Dutta, Madly Bangalee, The Bong Connection, Chalo Let's Go, and Ranjana Ami Ar Ashbona. In recent years, he has directed a Byomkesh film series.He is mainly famous for his bengali adventure movies
Karen Stockin
Karen Ann Stockin is a New Zealand academic marine ecologist, and as of 2021 is a full professor at Massey University and a Rutherford Discovery Fellow for Royal Society Te Apārangi (New Zealand). Her research focuses on animal welfare and the impacts of human activities on cetacean populations, including tourism effects, and persistent marine contaminants.

Royal Society of New Zealand
The Royal Society of New Zealand, branded as the Royal Society Te Apārangi, is a not-for-profit body in New Zealand providing funding and policy advice in the fields of sciences and the humanities. These fundings (i.e., Marsden grants and research fellowships) are provided on behalf of the New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment.
William Henry Collins
William Henry Collins (October 26, 1878 – January 14, 1937) was a Canadian geologist. He was educated at the University of Toronto, Heidelberg University, the University of Chicago, and the University of Wisconsin–Madison. His 31-year career with the Geological Survey of Canada included 16 years as Director of the Survey. He was a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada and served as President of the Society's geological and biological sciences section. He was also President of the Geological Society of America and an elected member of the American Philosophical Society.

Geological Survey of Canada
The Geological Survey of Canada (GSC; French: Commission géologique du Canada, CGC) is a Canadian federal government agency responsible for performing geological surveys of the country developing Canada's natural resources and protecting the environment. A branch of the Geoscience and Earth Monitoring Sector of Natural Resources Canada, the GSC is the country's oldest scientific agency and was one of its first government organizations.
The Severed Hand
The Severed Hand is a 1914 silent short drama film directed by Wilfred Lucas and starring Cleo Madison, George Larkin and Edward Sloman. It was produced by Powers Picture Plays and distributed through Universal Film Manufacturing Company.

Edward Sloman
Edward Sloman (19 July 1883, London  - 29 September 1972, Woodland Hills, California) was an English silent film director, actor, screenwriter and radio broadcaster. He directed over 100 films and starred in over 30 films as an actor between 1913 and 1938.
Grand Canyon Trail
Grand Canyon Trail  is a 1948 American Western film starring Roy Rogers combining Western action with Three Stooges-style slapstick. Robert Livingston plays the head villain and James Finlayson plays the sheriff. The Republic Pictures film was shot in Trucolor, but only black and white prints survive.

James Finlayson (actor)
James Henderson Finlayson (27 August 1887 – 9 October 1953) was a British actor who worked in both silent and sound comedies. Balding, with a fake moustache, he had many trademark comic mannerisms—including his squinting, outraged double-take reactions, and his characteristic exclamation: "D'ooooooh!" He is the best remembered comic foil of Laurel and Hardy.

Finlayson was known by a variety of nicknames. According to Laurel and Hardy scholar Randy Skretvedt, he "called himself Jimmy, was known around the lot as Jim and is usually referred to today as 'Fin'"—a truncated version of his surname, as author John McCabe also noted in his 1961 biography Mr. Laurel & Mr. Hardy.
Ben Starosta
Ben Mark Starosta (born 7 January 1987) is a footballer who plays for Glapwell FC. Born in Sheffield, England, he started his career at his hometown club Sheffield United, although he never broke through into the first team. He was loaned to a number of clubs, both in England and Poland, while at United before eventually being released in 2009. After an aborted spell at Darlington he spent a period at Dandenong Thunder in Australia on non-contract terms before signing for Miedź Legnica in 2011. Starosta then spent a year at United Football League side Global in the Philippines. He has also played for the Poland national U-20 team, qualifying as he holds a Polish passport through his family.

Miedź Legnica
Miedź Legnica (Polish pronunciation: [ˈmjɛt͡ɕ lɛɡˈɲit͡sa]) is a professional football club based in Legnica, Poland, that competes in the I liga, following relegation in 2023. Miedź was founded in 1971.

In 2018, Miedź Legnica achieved promotion to the top flight for the first time in club's history. After a three-year absence from the top flight, they were promoted again at the end of the 2021–22 season after winning the league.
Lithierry Silva
Lithierry da Silva Neves (Arabic: ليذييري سيلفا; born 14 May 2001), simply known as Litherry, is a professional footballer who plays as a winger for UAE Pro League club Ajman. Born in Brazil, he plays for the United Arab Emirates national team.

UAE Pro League
The UAE Pro League (Arabic: دوري المحترفين الإماراتي), also known as the ADNOC Pro League for sponsorship reasons, is a professional association football league in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and the highest level of the Emirati football league system.

The first team to win the title was Al Orouba (Sharjah), whilst Al Ain has the record with 14 league titles to their name. Fourteen clubs compete in the league that operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the First Division League.

The League was founded in 1973 as the UAE Football League. The first 1973–74 season was a "trial" championship but was declared official by the UAE FA in 2001. In February 2007, the Pro League Committee was formed, and became the organising body of the league.
Moogmemory
moogmemory is the second solo studio album by English improvising pianist and synthesiser player Matthew Bourne. His first studio album, Montauk Variations, was a series of compositions for solo piano, but moogmemory sees Bourne performing only on the Lintronics Advanced Memorymoog, a specially altered Memorymoog synthesiser. The album was released on 4 March 2016 on The Leaf Label.

Memorymoog
The Memorymoog is a polyphonic electronic music synthesizer manufactured by Moog Music from 1982 to 1985, the last polyphonic synthesizer to be released by Moog Music before the company declared bankruptcy in 1987. While comparable to other polyphonic synthesizers of the time period, such as the Sequential Circuits Prophet-5 and Oberheim OB-Xa, the Memorymoog distinguished itself with an additional, 3rd audio oscillator per voice and greater preset storage capacity.
USS George Philip
USS George Philip (FFG-12), sixth ship of the Oliver Hazard Perry class of guided-missile frigates, was named for Commander George Philip Jr. (1912–1945), posthumous recipient of the Navy Cross for actions as commanding officer of the destroyer USS Twiggs.

George Philip was expected to join the Portuguese Navy in 2006, together with her sister ship Sides, but the Portuguese Navy dropped the offer and chose two Dutch Karel Doorman-class frigates instead. George Philip was expected to join the Turkish Navy in the summer of 2008, together with her sister ship Sides, but the Turkish Navy dropped the offer. As of May 2012, both frigates were awaiting their fates at anchor in the Sinclair Inlet off the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard and Intermediate Maintenance Facility.

USS Twiggs (DD-591)
USS Twiggs (DD-591) was a Fletcher-class destroyer of the United States Navy during World War II. She was the second ship to be named for Major Levi Twiggs (1793–1847) of the United States Marine Corps. Twiggs was laid down on 20 January 1943 at the Charleston Navy Yard and launched on 7 April 1943. The destroyer was commissioned on 4 November 1943. She was sunk on 16 June 1945 by a Japanese kamikaze aircraft near Okinawa.
Special Assault Team
The Special Assault Team (特殊急襲部隊, Tokushu Kyūshū Butai; SAT) is a police tactical unit maintained by individual Japanese prefectural police forces and supervised by the National Police Agency. It is a national-level counterterrorism unit that cooperates with territorial-level Anti-Firearms Squads and Counter-NBC Terrorism Squads. Most information on the unit is confidential, and its existence was not officially revealed until 1996.

The SAT is officially known in Japanese as simply Special Unit (特殊部隊, Tokushu Butai) and individual teams officially take the name of the police to which they are assigned; an example would be the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department Special Unit (警視庁特殊部隊, Keishicho Tokushu Butai; Metropolitan Police Department Special Unit) for the SAT unit assigned to the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department.

National Police Agency (Japan)
The National Police Agency (Japanese: 警察庁, Hepburn: Keisatsu-chō) is the central coordinating law enforcement agency of the Japanese police system. Unlike national police in other countries, the NPA does not have any operational units of its own aside from the Imperial Guard; rather, it is responsible for supervising Japan's 47 prefectural police departments and determining their general standards and policies, though it can command police agencies under it in national emergencies or large-scale disasters. It is under the National Public Safety Commission of the Cabinet Office.

As of 2017, the NPA has a strength of approximately 7,800 personnel: 2,100 sworn officers, 900 guards, and 4,800 civilian staff.
Smile, Brother, Smile
Smile, Brother, Smile is a 1927 American comedy film directed by John Francis Dillon, and written by Dwinelle Benthall, Rufus McCosh and Rex Taylor. The film stars Jack Mulhall, Dorothy Mackaill, Philo McCullough, E. J. Ratcliffe, Harry Dunkinson and Ernest Hilliard. The film was released on September 11, 1927, by First National Pictures.

Philo McCullough
Philo McCullough (June 16, 1893 – June 5, 1981) was an American actor. He appeared in more than 250 films between 1914 and 1969. He was born in San Bernardino, California, and died in Burbank, California.

McCullough's film debut came in 1912 with the Selig Company. He initially acted in light comedy roles, and in 1921 he directed Maid of the West. After that, he appeared primarily as a villain.