hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Atopy
Atopy is the tendency to produce an exaggerated immunoglobulin E (IgE) immune response to otherwise harmless substances in the environment. Allergic diseases are clinical manifestations of such inappropriate, atopic responses.

Atopy may have a hereditary component, although contact with the allergen or irritant must occur before the hypersensitivity reaction can develop (characteristically after re-exposure). Maternal psychological trauma during pregnancy may also be a strong indicator for development of atopy.

The term atopy was coined by Arthur F. Coca and Robert Cooke in 1923 from the Greek ἀτοπία meaning "the state of being out of place", "absurdity". Many physicians and scientists use the term atopy for any reaction mediated by IgE (even those that are appropriate and proportional to the antigen), but many pediatricians reserve it to refer only to a genetically mediated predisposition to an excessive IgE reaction.

House dust mite
House dust mites (or simply dust mites) are various species of acariform mites belonging to the family Pyroglyphidae that are found in association with dust in dwellings. They are known for causing allergies.
Allocota
Allocota is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:

Allocota aurata (Bates, 1873)

Allocota bicolor Shi & Liang, 2013

Allocota cyanipennis Heller, 1923

Allocota viridipennis Motschulsky, 1859

The following species have become synonyms:

Allocota andrewesi (Jedlicka, 1934): Synonym of Physodera andrewesi (Jedlicka, 1934)

Allocota arrowi (Jedlicka, 1935): Synonym of Diamella arrowi (Jedlicka, 1935)

Allocota caerulea Andrewes, 1933: Synonym of Allocota viridipennis Motschulsky, 1859

Allocota perlaeta Kirschenhofer, 1994: Synonym of Metallanchista perlaeta (Kirschenhofer, 1994)

Allocota perroti (Jedlicka, 1963): Synonym of Allocota aurata (Bates, 1873)

Allocota philippinensis (Jedlicka, 1935): Synonym of Paraphaea philippinensis (Jedlicka, 1935)

Allocota cyanipennis
Allocota cyanipennis is a species of either bluish-red or violet-red coloured ground beetle in the Lebiinae subfamily that can be found in such Asian countries as Philippines and Indonesian island of Sulawesi.
Cafeteria Christians
Cafeteria Christianity is a derogatory term used by some Christians, and others, to accuse other Christian individuals or denominations of selecting which Christian doctrines they will follow, and which they will not, similar to how one picks and chooses what food to select in a cafeteria.

Cultural Christians
Cultural Christians are those who received Christian values or appreciate Christian culture but do not subscribe to Christian religious beliefs and practices. They may be agnostics, apatheists, atheists,  deists, non-practicing Christians, non-theists, pantheists, or transtheists. These individuals may identify as culturally Christian because of family background, personal experiences, or the social and cultural environment in which they grew up.

Contrasting terms are "practicing Christian", "biblical Christian", "committed Christian", or "faithful Christian".

The term "cultural Christian" may be specified further by Christian denomination, e.g. "cultural Catholic", "cultural Lutheran", and "cultural Anglican".
Pretermitted heir
In the law of property, a pretermitted heir is a person who would likely stand to inherit under a will, except that the testator (the person who wrote the will) did not include the person in the testator's will. Omission may occur because the testator did not know of the omitted person at the time the will was written.

A will may contain a clause that explicitly disinherits any heirs unknown at the time that the will is executed, or any heirs not named in the will. While such a clause will not necessarily prevent a claim against an estate by a pretermitted heir, it may make it more difficult to succeed in such an action.

Intestacy
Intestacy is the condition of the estate of a person who dies without a legally valid will, resulting in the distribution of their estate under statutory intestacy laws rather than by their expressed wishes. Alternatively this may also apply where a will or declaration has been made, but only applies to part of the estate; the remaining estate forms the "intestate estate". Intestacy law, also referred to as the law of descent and distribution, which varies by jurisdiction, refers to the body of law (statutory and case law), that establishes a hierarchy for inheritance, typically prioritizing close relatives such as spouses, children, and then extended family members and determines who is entitled to the property from the estate under the rules of inheritance.
Beneath... Between... Beyond...
Beneath... Between... Beyond... is the compilation album by American industrial metal band Static-X, released on July 20, 2004, through Warner Bros. Records. It is a compilation of previously unreleased tracks, remixes, cover versions, and the band's original demo tracks. The band did some touring in support of the album.

Wayne Static
Wayne Richard Wells (November 4, 1965 – November 1, 2014), known professionally as Wayne Static, was an American musician, best known as the lead vocalist, rhythm guitarist, keyboardist, and primary lyricist for the industrial metal band Static-X, of which he was the only constant member until his death in 2014. He also released a solo album, Pighammer, in 2011. Static was recognizable for his unusual hairstyle; his hair was held up in a vertical position, a process that took about 20 minutes to complete (45 minutes, according to his mother). He was also known for his signature "chintail" beard.
WQCM
WQCM (94.3 FM) is a classic rock formatted broadcast radio station licensed to Greencastle, Pennsylvania, serving Hagerstown, Maryland/Chambersburg, Pennsylvania. WQCM is owned and operated by Connoisseur Media.

Connoisseur Media
Connoisseur Media LLC is an American media company. It is based in Westport, Connecticut and led by Jeff Warshaw. As of September 2025, Connoisseur operates 207 radio stations and digital assets in 24 states.
Subderivative
In mathematics, the subderivative (or subgradient) generalizes the derivative to convex functions which are not necessarily differentiable. The set of subderivatives at a point is called the subdifferential at that point. Subderivatives arise in convex analysis, the study of convex functions, often in connection to convex optimization.

Let  be a real-valued convex function  defined on an open interval of the real line. Such a function need not be differentiable at all points: For example, the absolute value function  is non-differentiable when . However, as seen in the graph on the right (where  in blue has non-differentiable kinks similar to the absolute value function), for any  in the domain of the function one can draw a line which goes through the point  and which is everywhere either touching or below the graph of f. The slope of such a line is called a subderivative.

Convex optimization
Convex optimization is a subfield of mathematical optimization that studies the problem of minimizing convex functions over convex sets (or, equivalently, maximizing concave functions over convex sets).  Many classes of convex optimization problems admit polynomial-time algorithms, whereas mathematical optimization is in general NP-hard.
Galina Shatalova
Galina Sergeyevna Shatalova (October 13, 1916, in Ashgabat, Transcaspian Oblast – December 14, 2011, in Moscow Oblast) was a Russian neurosurgeon, a military surgeon, the head of the cosmonaut selection and training department, and the laureate of the Burdenko Prize (1951).

Nikolay Burdenko
Nikolay Nilovich Burdenko (Russian: Николай Нилович Бурденко; 22 May [O.S. 3 June] 1876 – 11 November 1946) was a Russian and Soviet surgeon, the founder of Russian neurosurgery. He was Surgeon-General of the Red Army (1937–1946), an academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (from 1939), an academician and the first director of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR (1944–1946), a Hero of Socialist Labor (from 1943), Colonel General of medical services, and a Stalin Prize winner (1941). He was a veteran of the Russo-Japanese War, First World War, Winter War and the German-Soviet War.
Carex spicigera
Carex spicigera is a tussock-forming species of perennial sedge in the family Cyperaceae. It is native to Sri Lanka.

It was described by the botanist Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck in 1834 as published in Contributions to the Botany of India.

Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck
Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck (14 February 1776 – 16 March 1858) was a prolific German botanist, physician, zoologist, and natural philosopher. He was a contemporary of Goethe and was born within the lifetime of Linnaeus. He described approximately 7,000 plant species (almost as many as Linnaeus himself). His last official act as president of the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina was to admit Charles Darwin as a member. He was the author of numerous monographs on botany and zoology and majority of his best-known works deal with fungi. The standard author abbreviation Nees is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.
Newcastle United F.C. 0–1 Crystal Palace F.C. (1907)
Newcastle United v Crystal Palace was a football match played on 12 January 1907 at St James' Park, Newcastle. The match was an FA Cup First Round match. The result, a 1–0 victory for Crystal Palace, is notable for being one of the greatest shocks in the history of the FA Cup.

The home team, Newcastle United, played in the Football League First Division, the highest level of English football at that time. They had been in the FA Cup final for the previous two seasons and had won the First Division title as recently as 1904–05.  They had also maintained an unbeaten at home record which had started on 25 November 1905. Crystal Palace were a non-league side formed the previous year who were playing in the Southern League.

1906–07 FA Cup
The 1906–07 FA Cup was the 36th season of the world's oldest association football competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup (more usually known as the FA Cup). The Wednesday won the competition for the second time, beating holders Everton 2–1 in the final at Crystal Palace.

Matches were scheduled to be played at the stadium of the team named first on the date specified for each round, which was always a Saturday. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played, a replay would take place at the stadium of the second-named team later the same week. If the replayed match was drawn further replays would be held at neutral venues until a winner was determined. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played in a replay, a 30-minute period of extra time would be played.
Serafima Gopner
Serafima Ilyinichna Gopner (Russian: Серафима Ильинична Гопнер; 1880–1966) was a Bolshevik politician, a Hero of Socialist Labor (1960), and a Doctor of Historical Sciences (1934).

Beginning in 1903, she was a member, and then a secretary of the Bolshevik party in Yekaterinoslav. In 1910–1917, she lived in emigration.  From September 9 to October 23, 1918, she was the secretary of the Communist Party (Bolshevik) of Ukraine. In 1928-1938 she worked for the Comintern. Beginning in 1945, she was an employee of the Institute of Marxism-Leninism in Moscow.

Hero of Socialist Labour
The Hero of Socialist Labour (Russian: Герой Социалистического Труда, romanized: Geroy Sotsialisticheskogo Truda) was an honorific title in the Soviet Union and other Warsaw Pact countries from 1938 to 1991. It represented the highest degree of distinction in the USSR and was awarded for exceptional achievements in Soviet industry and culture. It provided a similar status to the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, which was awarded for heroic deeds, but differed in that it was not awarded to foreign citizens.
Commonwealth, Singapore
Commonwealth is a subzone of Queenstown, located in the central-western part of Singapore. It is named after the Commonwealth of Nations. Commonwealth consists of Housing and Development Board flats, and there is one primary school and a secondary school in the area, New Town Primary School and Queensway Secondary School. SBS Transit Bus Services 32, 51, 93, 100, 105, 111, 122, 123, 145, 147, 153, 186, 195, 196, 198, SMRT Buses Services 61, 961/961M & 970 and Tower Transit Singapore  Service 855 passes through this area. The nearest Mass Rapid Transit station is Commonwealth MRT station. Amenities in the area include Blessed Sacrament Church, Faith Methodist Church, Masjid Mujahidin Mosque, Queenstown Community Centre, Queenstown Lutheran Church, Ridout Tea Garden, Shuang Long Shan Wu Shu Ancestral Hall, Sri Muneeswaran Temple and Tanglin Halt Food Centre and Market.

Commonwealth MRT station
Commonwealth MRT station is an above-ground Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) station on the East–West Line (EWL) in Queenstown, Singapore. Operated by SMRT Corporation, the station serves nearby landmarks such as the Faith Methodist Church and Queensway Secondary School.

First announced in May 1982 as Queenstown, the station switched names with the then-Commonwealth station in March 1987. It officially commenced operations on 12 March 1988 as part of Phase IA of the MRT, an extension from Tiong Bahru station to Clementi. Accessibility enhancements on the station's facilities were conducted in 2008. Half-height platform screen doors and high-volume low-speed fans were installed by August 2011 and the first quarter of 2013, respectively.

Like other elevated stations on Phase IA, the station feature grilles and horizontal louvres.
North Connel railway station
North Connel was a railway station located in North Connel, Argyll and Bute, on the north shore of Loch Etive. Its location was at the north end of Connel Bridge. It was on the Ballachulish branch line that linked Connel Ferry, on the main line of the Callander and Oban Railway, with Ballachulish.

Connel Ferry railway station
Connel Ferry railway station is a railway station serving the village of Connel in western Scotland. This station is on the Oban branch of the West Highland Line, originally part of the Callander and Oban Railway, between Oban and Taynuilt, sited 65 miles 30 chains (105.2 km) from Callander via Glen Ogle. All services are operated by ScotRail, who also manage the station.
Esther 7
Esther 7 is the seventh chapter of the Book of Esther in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible, The author of the book is unknown and modern scholars have established that the final stage of the Hebrew text would have been formed by the second century BCE. Chapters 3 to 8 contain the nine scenes that form the complication in the book. This chapter records the second banquet of Esther. The king Ahasuerus was then determined to grant her any request, so Esther spoke out about the death threat on her people and identifies Haman as the perpetrator of the projected genocide. The king went out to his garden in a rage, but shortly came back to see Haman seemingly threatening Esther on her recliner couch. This caused the king to command the hanging of Haman on the very gallows Haman intended for Mordecai.

Esther 8
Esther 8 is the eighth chapter of the Book of Esther in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible, The author of the book is unknown and modern scholars have established that the final stage of the Hebrew text would have been formed by the second century BCE. Chapters 3 to 8 contain the nine scenes that form the complication in the book. This chapter contains the effort to deal with the irreversible decree against the Jews now that Haman is dead and Mordecai is elevated to the position of prime minister.
Renault Sport R.S. 01
The Renault Sport R.S. 01 is a sports racing car manufactured by Renault Sport, the performance division of French automaker Renault. It was originally built to compete in the Renault Sport Trophy, the company's one-make racing series, serving as a replacement for the Renault Mégane Trophy. The car was later homologated for Group GT3 by the SRO Motorsports Group for the car to be able to compete in GT3 class racing series. The Trophy-spec R.S. 01 is the most powerful one-make racer built by Renault, and also the only race car not based on a production car.

The vehicle was unveiled at the 2014 Moscow International Automobile Salon.

Renault Mégane RS
The Renault Mégane Renault Sport (alternatively Renault Mégane RS) is a series of high-performance hatchback models based on the Renault Mégane, produced since 2004 by the high-performance subsidiary company Renault Sport for its parent company Alpine, a subsidiary of Renault. The Mégane RS won awards such as "Best hot hatch" from What car? (2010–2014), "Highest placed non-supercar" in Evo's annual Car of the Year test 2011 and "Best hot hatch" from Top Gear.
Feroz Award for Best Main Actor in a Series
The Feroz Award for Best Main Actor in a Series (Spanish: Premio al Mejor Actror Protagonista de una Serie) is one of the annual awards given at the Feroz Awards, presented by the Asociación de Informadores Cinematográficos de España. It was first bestowed in 2017, for the 4th edition of the awards, along with other five new television categories.

4th Feroz Awards
The 4th award ceremony of Feroz Awards was held at the Palacete de los Duques de Pastrana in Madrid, on January 23, 2017. It was hosted by actor Antonio de la Torre and aired on #0. Awards recognizing television productions and documentary films were handed for the first time.
Sekal
Sakol (Persian: سَكُل, also Romanized as Sekal and Sekol; also known as Seh Gel) is a village in Bikah Rural District, Bikah District, Rudan County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 2,051, in 421 families.

Bikah Rural District
Bikah Rural District (Persian: دهستان بیکاه) is in Bikah District of Rudan County, Hormozgan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Kahnshuiyeh. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Bikah, now a city.
Muncho Pass
Muncho Pass (el. 1,095 m or 3,593 ft), also known as Muncho Lake Pass, Drogheda Lake Pass, or Muncho-Toad Pass, is the northernmost mountain pass in the Rocky Mountains to be traversed by a public highway. Located in Muncho Lake Provincial Park, British Columbia, Canada, the pass links the Toad River and Trout River drainages. The Alaska Highway travels across the pass.

Toad River
The Toad River is a river in the Canadian boreal forest, within the borders of the province of British Columbia.

The Toad River was named for the numerous large toads seen along its banks by fur traders of the early 19th century. John McLeod of the Hudson's Bay Company, who traveled up the river in 1831, wrote: "it derives its appellation from the number of Toads seen along its banks and some are of immense size; I have seen some which weighed upwards of a pound, and the Indians inform me there are some to be seen of a much larger size."

The traditional indigenous name for the river is Tsal-eh-chesi.
Great Appalachian Valley
The Great Appalachian Valley, also called The Great Valley or Great Valley Region, is one of the major landform features of eastern North America. It is a gigantic trough, including a chain of valley lowlands, and the central feature of the Appalachian Mountains system. The trough stretches about 1,200 miles (1,900 km) from Quebec in the north to Alabama in the south and has been an important north–south route of travel since prehistoric times.

Delaware Water Gap
The Delaware Water Gap is a water gap on the border of the U.S. states of New Jersey and Pennsylvania where the Delaware River cuts through a large ridge of the Appalachian Mountains.

The gap makes up the southern portion of the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area, which is used primarily for recreational purposes, such as canoeing, fishing, hiking, and rock climbing. Though the US National Park Service manages the National Recreation Area, portions of the water gap are also patrolled by New Jersey Division of Parks and Forestry.

The park does not charge an entrance fee but does have expanded amenity fees, including vehicle season and daily passes, bicycles amenity fees, and charges for beach use. Most of the park is open 24-hours a day, with most day-use areas within the park open sunrise to sunset (such as trailhead parking lots, Millbrook Village, and all picnic areas).
Lachryphagy
Lachryphagy is the practice of feeding on tears and other eye secretions. Certain bees, butterflies, and flies have been observed feeding on the tears of reptiles, birds, and mammals, including humans. Lachryphagous insects gather nutrients, especially sodium and proteins, from the tears. Lachryphagous feeding can be unbothersome or painful, with some feeding insects damaging the eye and introducing pathogens to the host. Lachryphagy has been studied as a form of parasitism, commensalism, and puddling.

It is best known as a behavior of butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera). Flies, stingless bees, and other insects such as cockroaches and lice have also been recorded feeding on tears, and there is evidence that some stingless bee colonies in Southeast Asia have specialized tear collectors as a division of labor.

Proboscis
A proboscis (/proʊˈbɒsɪs, -kɪs/) is an elongated appendage from the head of an animal, either a vertebrate or an invertebrate. In invertebrates, the term usually refers to tubular mouthparts used for feeding and sucking. In vertebrates, a proboscis is an elongated nose or snout.
Srikumar Banerjee
Dr. Srikumar Banerjee (25 April 1946 – 23 May 2021) was an Indian metallurgical engineer. He retired as the  chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission of India (AECI) and the secretary of Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) on 30 April 2012. Prior to his stint as DAE chairman, he was the director of Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) from 30 April 2004 to 19 May 2010. He had also served as a DAE Homi Bhabha Chair Professor at Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai. He was known as a great physical metallurgist.

Dr. Banerjee died during the early morning of 23 May 2021, from a heart attack at his residence in Navi Mumbai. He had recovered from COVID-19 in previous month.

IIT Kharagpur
The Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur (IIT Kharagpur or IIT KGP) is a public institute of technology, research university, and autonomous institute established by the Government of India in Kharagpur, West Bengal. Founded in 1951, the institute is the first of the IITs to be established and is recognized as an Institute of National Importance. In 2019 it was awarded the status of Institute of Eminence by the Government of India.

The institute was initially established to train engineers after India attained independence in 1947. However, over the years, the institute's academic capabilities diversified with offerings in Science, management, law, architecture, humanities, medicine, etc. The institute has an 8.7-square-kilometre (2,100-acre) campus and has about 22,000 residents.
Hong Kong English
Hong Kong English or Honglish is a variety of the English language native to Hong Kong. The variant is either a learner interlanguage or emergent variant, primarily a result of Hong Kong's British colonial history and the influence of native Hong Kong Cantonese speakers.

Chinese Pidgin English
Chinese Pidgin English (Cantonese: 廣東番話) (also called Chinese Coastal English, Pigeon English, or Chinese Coast Pidgin) was a pidgin language lexically based on English, but influenced by a Chinese substratum. From the 17th to the 19th centuries, there was also Chinese Pidgin English spoken in Cantonese-speaking portions of China. Chinese Pidgin English is heavily influenced by a number of varieties of Chinese with variants arising among different provinces (for example in Shanghai and Ningbo).