hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Old School (novel)
Old School is an American semi-autobiographical coming-of-age novel by Tobias Wolff that was first partially published in The New Yorker as a short story ahead of novelization in 2003. It acts a memoir for a fictional unnamed writer, who recalls his senior year at a New England preparatory school in 1960–1961. The novel explores intertwining themes of identity, class, belonging and literature. It was a finalist for the 2004 PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction.

PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction
The PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction is awarded annually by the PEN/Faulkner Foundation to the authors of the year's best works of fiction by living Americans, Green Card holders or permanent residents.  The winner receives US$15,000 and each of four runners-up receives US$5000. Judges read citations for each of the finalists' works at the presentation ceremony in Washington, D.C. The organization claims it to be "the largest peer-juried award in the country." The award was first given in 1981.

Mary Lee Settle was one of the founders of the PEN/Faulkner Award following the controversy at the 1979 National Book Award, when PEN America voted for a boycott on the grounds that the award had become too commercial.
Arkansas Highway 144
Highway 144 (AR 144, Ark. 144, and Hwy. 144) is a designation for two state highways in Southeast Arkansas. One route of 7.82 miles (12.59 km) begins at Big Bayou Meto Use Area and runs east to US Highway 165 (US 165), Highway 1, and the Great River Road (GRR). A second route of 20.50 miles (32.99 km) begins at US 165 near Jerome and runs east through Lake Village to a levee near the Mississippi River. Both routes are maintained by the Arkansas Department of Transportation (ArDOT). While overlapping US 65/US 278 in Chicot County, the route is part of the Great River Road, a national scenic byway following the Mississippi River.

Jerome, Arkansas
Jerome is an unincorporated community and former town in Drew County, Arkansas, United States. On October 14, 2021, the Jerome City Council elected to surrender the town's charter and officially declared Jerome no longer in existence as an incorporated entity. It is now listed as a census designated place.

The population was 24 at the 2020 Census.
Rafael Campo Miranda
Rafael Campo Miranda (1918–2024) was a Colombian songwriter and musician. His songs have been recorded by several prominent Latin American artists, including La Sonora Matancera and Pastor López. In 2022, Campo Miranda was awarded the Colombian Ministry of Culture's Premio Nacional Vida y Obra in the category of arts and culture.

Sonora Matancera
La Sonora Matancera is a Cuban band that played Latin American urban popular dance music. Founded in 1924 and led for more than five decades by guitarist, vocalist, composer, and producer Rogelio Martínez, musicologists consider it an icon of this type of music. Notable singers to have sung and recorded with the band include Bienvenido Granda, Daniel Santos, Myrta Silva, Miguelito Valdés, Leo Marini, Celia Cruz, Nelson Pinedo, Vicentico Valdés, Estanislao "Laíto" Sureda, Alberto Beltrán, Carlos Argentino, and Celio González.
Toll tin
Toll tin or tin toll was a toll payable in tin mining in Devon and Cornwall in south-west England. The holder of a set of tin bounds was required to pay the freeholder of the land on which the bounds had been pitched a portion, called toll tin, of the tin ore (or black tin) extracted.

Toll tin became due as soon as the ore was broken from the ground and, although some freeholders may have taken it in this form, it is likely that others opted for the more practical approach of taking it as a portion of the proceeds of the sale of the refined tin (or white tin).

Toll tin was not the only way in which a miner's share of the tin extracted was reduced — he was also required to pay a tax to the Crown on the refined tin, known as tin coinage, before the tin could legally be sold.

Black tin
Black tin is the raw ore of tin, usually cassiterite, as sold by a tin mine to a smelting company.  After mining, the ore must be concentrated by several processes to reduce the amount of gangue it contains before it can be sold. It contrasts with white tin, which is the refined, metallic tin produced after smelting.

The term "black tin" was historically associated with tin mining in Devon and Cornwall.
Nuthurst
Nuthurst is a village and civil parish in the Horsham district of West Sussex, England. The north of the parish borders Horsham town, with Nuthurst village 3 miles (5 km) south from the border. Within the parish is the estate and largely 19th-century country house of Sedgwick Park.

Horsham
Horsham (/ˈhɔːrʃəm/) is a market town on the upper reaches of the River Arun on the fringe of the Weald, in West Sussex, England. The town lies 31 miles (50 km) south-south-west of London, 18.5 miles (30 km) north-west of Brighton and 26 miles (42 km) north-east of the county town of Chichester. Nearby towns include Crawley to the north-east and Haywards Heath and Burgess Hill to the south-east. It is the administrative centre of the Horsham district.
Enchanting (rapper)
Channing Nicole Larry (October 9, 1997 – June 11, 2024), known professionally as Enchanting, was a German-born American rapper from Fort Worth, Texas. She was signed to Gucci Mane's record label, 1017 Records, and gained initial recognition for her 2022 single, "Track & Field", featuring fellow rapper Kaliii, which gained over six million YouTube views as of the time of her death. She frequently collaborated with Gucci Mane, alongside Big Scarr, Iann Dior, Foogiano, and Kaliii.

Kaliii
Kaliya Ashley Ross (born July 29, 2000), known professionally as Kaliii (previously known simply as Kali), is an American rapper from Roswell, Georgia. She is best known for her 2023 single "Area Codes", which went viral on the video-sharing platform TikTok before receiving platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).
European Holocaust Research Infrastructure
The European Holocaust Research Infrastructure (EHRI) is an international digital infrastructure and community. It is a joint undertaking of Holocaust historians, archivists, and specialists in digital humanities. Through the development of heritage archives into research infrastructures and by connecting the knowledge of heritage archives and making that knowledge relevant for research, EHRI aims to support Holocaust research, commemoration and education.

Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development
The Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development, also called Framework Programmes or abbreviated FP1 to FP9, are funding programmes created by the European Union/European Commission to support and foster research in the European Research Area (ERA). Starting in 2014, the funding programmes were named Horizon.

The funding programmes began in 1984 and continue to the present day. The most recent programme, Horizon Europe, has a budget of 95.5 billion Euros to be distributed over 7 years.

The specific objectives and actions vary between funding periods. In FP6 and FP7, focus was on technological research. In Horizon 2020, the focus was on innovation, delivering economic growth faster, and delivering solutions to end users that are often governmental agencies.
Aba Butayn
ʻAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥman ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Sulṭān ibn Ḫamīs Abā Buṭayn (Arabic: عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ سُلْطَانِ بْنِ خَمِيسٍ أَبَا بُطَيْنٍ; 1780–1865) known simply as Abā Buṭayn, was a Muslim scholar and jurist, belonging to the Hanbali school of thought. A supporter of the Wahhabi movement, he was a critic of the famous Qasīdat al-Burdah poem that is popular amongst Sufis. He was also the great-grandfather of Salih al-Fawzan, the fourth and current Grand Mufti of Saudi Arabia.

Salih al‑Fawzan
Saleh al-Fawzan (born 28 September 1935) is a Saudi Islamic scholar who is the fourth and current Grand Mufti of Saudi Arabia, serving since 22 October 2025. He is regarded as one of the senior scholars within the Salafi movement.

Al-Fawzan is also a member of Saudi Arabia's Council of Senior Scholars and the fiqh council in Mecca, affiliated with the Muslim World League. He also serves as a member of the Supervisory Committee for Preachers during Hajj, and a member of the Permanent Committee for Scholarly Research and Ifta in the Saudi Arabia. In addition to this, he is an imam, khatib and teacher at the Prince Mutaib bin Abdulaziz Al Saud Mosque in Riyadh. He participates in the radio program Nūr 'Alā ad-Darb, answering questions on Islamic topics, and contributes to scholarly journals in the form of research, studies, letters, and fatwas.
Newstead Air Raid Shelter
Newstead Air Raid Shelter is a heritage-listed former air raid shelter at Commercial Road, Teneriffe, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Frank Gibson Costello and built c. 1942 by the Brisbane City Council. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 6 April 2005.

Brisbane City Council
Brisbane City Council (BCC, also known as Council) is the local government of the City of Brisbane, the capital city of the Australian state of Queensland. The largest local government in Australia by population, BCC's jurisdiction includes 26 wards and 27 elected councillors covering 1,338 km2 (517 mi2). Brisbane City Council consists of the 26 councillors (elected or appointed to represent wards) and the Lord Mayor of Brisbane (currently Adrian Schrinner) (elected by the city as a whole). By resolution, the council may make local laws (previously known as ordinances). The Lord Mayor is responsible for the key executive functions, such as implementing policies, preparing the budget and directing senior employees. They are supported by the Civic Council (formally the Establishment and Coordination (E&C) Committee), whose members are drawn from the council and each chair one of the standing committees. The council's current CEO is Colin Jensen, supported by EO Ainsley Gold.
Graham Roope
Graham Richard James Roope (12 July 1946 – 26 November 2006) was an English cricketer, who appeared in twenty-one Tests and eight ODIs for England between 1973 and 1978.

He also played for Surrey, Berkshire and Griqualand West in a career spanning 1964 to 1988. He later played for Farsley Cricket Club and coached at Ampleforth College and Woodhouse Grove School, and was head groundsman at the latter when he died, aged 60, in 2006.

The cricket correspondent, Colin Bateman, remarked, "Graham Roope was one of those cricketers who thrilled spectators and frustrated selectors. Tall and stylish, there was a touch of class about his middle-order batting. He could make the ball swing at medium pace and his slip fielding was what you would expect from a Corinthian Casuals goalkeeper". Bateman added "as a former selector said: 'He looked the part – but never played it'".

Ampleforth College
Ampleforth College is a co-educational fee-charging private boarding school. It opened in 1803 as a boys' school. It is near the village of Ampleforth, North Yorkshire, England, on the grounds of Benedictine monastery Ampleforth Abbey. The school is in a valley with sports pitches, wooded areas, and lakes. The school has the oldest purpose-built school theatre in the United Kingdom, a dedicated student pub, and its own infirmary. It has received national attention for significant safeguarding failures.

St Laurence Educational Trust and the Ampleforth Abbey Trust are responsible for running Ampleforth College. Boarding fees were £46,740 for the school year 2024/2025.
Winifred Brown
Winifred Sawley Brown (also known as Winifred Adams; 26 November 1899 – 30 July 1984) was an English sportswoman, aviator and author. She was the first woman to win the King's Cup air race (in 1930). The race has been running annually since 1922.

King's Cup (air race)
The King's Cup air race is a British handicapped cross-country event, which has taken place annually since 1922. It is run by the Royal Aero Club Records Racing and Rally Association.

The King's Cup is one of the most prestigious prizes of the British air racing season. The entrants are divided into classes, and each is evaluated and given a time handicap for the start of the race. They all take off at varying times according to their handicap, with the handicappers' aim being that they should all cross the finishing line at the same moment. The art of winning the race outright is therefore to beat the handicappers, rather than to make the fastest flight as such. The aircraft are also divided into classes, with a winner for each class as well as the outright winner.
Dustin's Daily News
Dustin's Daily News (DDN) is a television chat/comedy show, broadcast on RTÉ Two. A predecessor of The Once a Week Show, it served as a new home for Dustin the Turkey, who had until then been part of The Den. Dustin co-presented with an assistant, Sinéad Ni Churnain. Two series were produced. The first series aired between 19 September 2005 and 29 April 2006, while the second series aired between September 2006 and April 2007.

Dustin's Daily News took place in the Dublin Mountains, where Dustin established his own network news channel. While Dustin would always be able to avoid being captured by a butcher in the opening sequence, he had another villain to contend with during the run of the show. The infamous Martin Duck planned a takeover of Dustin's news channel, but gardaí foiled him.

The Den (TV programme)
The Den was a long-running children's entertainment television programme on Ireland's public broadcaster, RTÉ.

First broadcast on 29 September 1986 on RTÉ1, it moved to Network 2 two years later.

Initially a continuity strand for weekday afternoon programmes, The Den later expanded during the late 1990s and the 2000s, until it became synonymous with RTÉ's children's output.

At various times during its run, it was known as Dempsey's Den, Den TV and Den2.

In mid-2010, RTÉ Television announced an overhaul of its children's output with the launch of RTÉjr and TRTÉ (now RTÉ Kids). The Den aired for the last time on 19 September 2010.

The Den name returned for six weeks from November 2020 on RTÉ1, reuniting members of the original cast in a Sunday-evening variety-show format, predominantly aimed at families living through the country's continuing Covid-19 lockdowns.
Understanding What We've Grown to Be
Understanding What We've Grown to Be is the second studio album by American metalcore band We Came as Romans. It was released on September 13, 2011 through Equal Vision Records. It debuted and peaked at number 21 on the Billboard 200 the following week, as well as peaking at number 5, 7, and 10 on the Hard Rock, Independent, and Rock Album charts.

The album's first single, "Mis//Understanding", was available for streaming prior to the album's release, and was released for digital download on July 5, 2011 along with the title track "Understanding What We've Grown to Be".

On April 10, 2013, the album was reissued in a deluxe physical edition, featuring their three most recent singles "Hope", "The King of Silence", and "Let These Words Last Forever" as well as a DVD of tour footage, interviews and live performance segments.

To Plant a Seed
To Plant a Seed is the debut studio album by American metalcore band We Came as Romans. It was released by Equal Vision Records on November 3, 2009 and was produced by Joey Sturgis. The album's artwork was created by Paul Romano, aligning with We Came as Romans' positive message. Guitarist Joshua Moore explained that the lyrical themes on To Plant a Seed are focused on spreading this message. A deluxe edition of the album was released on January 18, 2011, which includes one bonus track and a DVD titled To Plant a DVD.

The songs "Dreams" and "Intentions" were re–recorded from the band's Dreams EP.
Medium egret
The medium egret (Ardea intermedia), median egret, smaller egret or intermediate egret, is a medium-sized heron.  Some taxonomists put the species in the genus Egretta or Mesophoyx.  It is a resident breeder in southern and eastern Asia.

Egretta
Egretta is a genus of medium-sized herons, mostly breeding in warmer climates.

Representatives of this genus are found in most of the world, and the little egret, as well as being widespread throughout much of the Old World, has now started to colonise the Americas.

These are typical egrets in shape, long-necked and long-legged. A few plumage features are shared, although several have plumes in breeding plumage; a number of species are either white in all plumages, have a white morph (e.g. reddish egret), or have a white juvenile plumage (little blue heron).

The breeding habitat of Egretta herons is marshy wetlands in warm regions. They nest in colonies, often with other wading birds, usually on platforms of sticks in trees or shrubs.

These herons feed on insects, fish, and amphibians, caught normally by cautious stalking.
Lateral thoracic artery
In the human body, the lateral thoracic artery (or external mammary artery) is a blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to approximately one-third of the lateral structures of the thorax and breast.

It originates from the axillary artery and follows the lower border of the pectoralis minor muscle to the side of the chest to supply the serratus anterior muscle, pectoralis major muscle and pectoralis minor muscle, and sends branches across the axilla to the axillary lymph nodes and subscapularis muscle.

It anastomoses with the internal thoracic artery, subscapular, and intercostal arteries, and with the pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial artery.

In the female it supplies an external mammary branch which turns round the free edge of the pectoralis major and supplies the breasts.

Intercostal arteries
The intercostal arteries are a group of arteries passing within an intercostal space (the space between two adjacent ribs). There are 9 anterior and 11 posterior intercostal arteries on each side of the body. The anterior intercostal arteries are branches of the internal thoracic artery and its terminal branch – the musculophrenic artery. The posterior intercostal arteries are branches of the supreme intercostal artery and thoracic aorta.

Each anterior intercostal artery anastomoses with the corresponding posterior intercostal artery arising from the thoracic aorta.
Gustavus Talbot
Gustavus Arthur Talbot (24 December 1848 – 16 October 1920) was a British member of parliament and a Coalition Conservative politician. He was the member of parliament (MP) for Hemel Hempstead from 1918 until his death in 1920.

Talbot was born on 24 December 1848 at Withington, Gloucestershire, the son of the Reverend George Chetwynd-Talbot and he was educated at Wellington College, Berkshire. He became a member of the Legislative Council of Ceylon. Talbot was a justice of the peace and between 1914 and 1920 he was mayor of Hemel Hempstead.

He married Susan Frances Talbot, the daughter of Robert Elwes.

On 14 December 1918 he was elected as member of parliament for the new constituency of Hemel Hempstead as a Coalition Conservative. He died in office on 16 October 1920 at his home Marchmont House in Hemel Hempstead.

Coalition Coupon
The Coalition Coupon was a letter sent to parliamentary candidates at the 1918 United Kingdom general election, endorsing them as official representatives of the Coalition Government. The 1918 election took place soon after British victory in the First World War. Receiving the coupon was interpreted by the electorate as a sign of patriotism that helped candidates gain election, while those who did not receive it had a more difficult time as they were sometimes seen as anti-war or pacifist. The letters were all dated 20 November 1918 and were signed by Prime Minister David Lloyd George for the Coalition Liberals and Bonar Law, the leader of the Conservative Party. As a result, the 1918 general election has become known as "the coupon election".

The name "coupon" was coined by Liberal leader H. H. Asquith, disparagingly using the jargon of rationing with which people were familiar in the context of wartime shortages.
Stephanie Chung
Stephanie Chung is an American business executive who was the first African American to serve as president of a private aviation company in the United States. She was president of JetSuite from August 2018 to April 2020. In August 2020, Chung became the inaugural chief growth officer of Wheels Up. She previously held executive roles at Bombardier Aerospace, SkyJet Airlines, and Flexjet.

Wheels Up
Wheels Up is a provider of "on demand" private aviation in the United States and one of the largest private aviation companies in the world. It was founded in 2013 by Kenny Dichter, using a membership/on-demand business model. Wheels Up members can book private aircraft from the company fleet and third-party operators using a mobile application.

The company was purchased by Delta Air Lines in August 2023, who bought a 95% share to rescue the company from financial troubles.
Anthony Aibel
Anthony Aibel is an American director, actor, writer, producer and former musical director. He also gives master classes and won a special award from the Juilliard School for his educational work. He is currently directing and acting in several films.

He is also recognized for shows he directed at Carnegie Hall and The Kennedy Center that featured artists such as EGOT winner Rita Moreno, Rosemary Clooney, The Tonight Show’s Doc Severinson, and Al Jarreau, and as the musical director for Area 31, which received a Grammy Award nomination.

Aibel was invited to be a guest on Live at Five. He made acting appearances in productions directed by Costa-Gavras and Martin Scorsese. He wrote, produced and acted in a comedy which includes Judd Hirsch.

Al Jarreau
Alwin Lopez Jarreau (March 12, 1940 – February 12, 2017) was an American singer. His 1981 album Breakin' Away spent two years on the Billboard 200 and is considered one of the finest examples of the Los Angeles pop and R&B sound. The album won Jarreau the 1982 Grammy for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance. In all, he won ten Grammy Awards and was nominated 19 other times during his career.

Jarreau also sang the theme song of the 1980s television series Moonlighting and was among the performers on the 1985 charity song "We Are the World".
David Palecek
David Vaclav Palecek (August 8, 1972 – February 16, 2010) was a junior partner at management consultancy McKinsey & Company and a protégé of Anil Kumar accused in the related Galleon Group insider trading cases with Kumar and former classmate Rengan Rajaratnam of leaking inside information about semiconductor company AMD while head of the semiconductor practice at McKinsey. He graduated with a BS from UC Davis and an MBA from the Stanford Graduate School of Business. He died in 2010 from complications of a staphylococcus infection.

Stanford Graduate School of Business
The Stanford Graduate School of Business  is the graduate business school of Stanford University, a private research university in Stanford, California. For several years it has been the most selective business school in the United States, admitting only about 6% of applicants. It is part of the M7 group of business schools recognized as having strong MBA programs, that are often highly-ranked in US MBA rankings.

Stanford GSB offers a general management Master of Business Administration (MBA) degree, the MSx Program (MS in Management for mid-career executives), Stanford LEAD Online Business Program and a PhD program, along with joint degrees with other schools at Stanford, including Earth Sciences, Education, Engineering, Law, and Medicine.