hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Depth–slope product
The depth–slope product is used to calculate the shear stress at the bed of an open channel containing fluid that is undergoing steady, uniform flow. It is widely used in river engineering, stream restoration, sedimentology, and fluvial geomorphology. It is the product of the water depth and the mean bed slope, along with the acceleration due to gravity and density of the fluid.

Open-channel flow
In fluid mechanics and hydraulics, open-channel flow is a type of liquid flow within a conduit with a free surface, known as a channel. The other type of flow within a conduit is pipe flow. These two types of flow are similar in many ways but differ in one important respect: open-channel flow has a free surface, whereas pipe flow does not, resulting in flow dominated by gravity but not hydraulic pressure.
2015 Nigerian Senate elections in Gombe State
The 2015 Nigerian Senate election in Gombe State was held on March 28, 2015, to elect members of the Nigerian Senate to represent Gombe State. Mohammed Danjuma Goje representing Gombe Central and Usman Bayero Nafada representing Gombe North won on the platform of All Progressives Congress, while Joshua Moltobok representing Gombe South won on the platform of Peoples Democratic Party.

Mohammed Danjuma Goje
Mohammed Danjuma Goje (born 10 October 1952) was a former Governor of Gombe State, Nigeria under the platform of the People's Democratic Party (PDP), taking office on 29 May 2003 during the 2003 Gombe State gubernatorial election. He is now a member of the All Progressives Congress (APC).
Leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter
Leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter (VWM disease) is an autosomal recessive neurological disease. The cause of the disease are mutations in any of the 5 genes encoding subunits of the translation initiation factor eIF2B: EIF2B1, EIF2B2, EIF2B3, EIF2B4, or EIF2B5.  The disease belongs to a family of conditions called the Leukodystrophies.

EIF2B
eIF2B is a protein complex found in eukaryotes. It is the guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the eukaryotic initiation factor 2 and therefore converts the inactive eIF2-GDP to the active eIF2-GTP. This activation is hindered by phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of eIF2, which leads to a stable eIF2α-P-GDP-eIF2B complex and therefore inhibits translation initiation.

Human genes which encode eIF-2B proteins include:

EIF2B1 – alpha subunit (26kDa)

EIF2B2 – beta subunit (39kDa)

EIF2B3 – gamma subunit (58kDa)

EIF2B4 – delta subunit (67kDa)

EIF2B5 – epsilon subunit (82kDa)
A Sideman's Journey
A Sideman's Journey is the first solo album by German musician and artist Klaus Voormann, released in July 2009. Voormann is best known as the creator of the cover art for The Beatles' album Revolver as well as for being a much-in-demand session musician during the 1970s. He played bass on a large number of well-known albums by ex-Beatles John Lennon, George Harrison and Ringo Starr − including All Things Must Pass, Imagine and The Concert for Bangladesh − and by artists such as Harry Nilsson, Doris Troy, Lou Reed, Gary Wright, Carly Simon and Randy Newman. Before then, Voormann had been a member of the 1960s pop group Manfred Mann. A Sideman's Journey is notable for including performances by Paul McCartney, Ringo Starr and Yusuf Islam (Cat Stevens), among others.

Doris Troy
Doris Troy (born  Doris Elaine Higginsen; January 6, 1937 – February 16, 2004) was an American R&B singer and songwriter, known to her fans as "Mama Soul". Her biggest hit was "Just One Look", a top 10 hit in 1963.
Solomon H. Steckoll
Solomon H. Steckoll was a South African journalist with an interest in ancient Jewish matters. He carried out excavations in the Qumran cemetery and later wrote books about the Jerusalem temple and the gates of Jerusalem.

In 1966 Steckoll obtained permission from the Jordanian Antiquities Department to investigate the Qumran cemetery, opening two of the tombs and recovering two male skeletons. In 1967 he opened a further eight tombs, recovering five male and three female skeletons.

During his investigations Steckoll also found an inkwell at Qumran.

When Israel took control of the West Bank, Steckoll lost rights to excavate in the cemetery. Roland de Vaux explains it somewhat bitterly, "The authorities of the Israeli occupation have forbidden this Sherlock Holmes of archaeology to continue his researches at Qumran."

Roland de Vaux
Roland Guérin de Vaux OP (17 December 1903 – 10 September 1971) was a French Dominican priest who led the Catholic team that initially worked on the Dead Sea Scrolls. He was the director of the École Biblique, a French Catholic Theological School in East Jerusalem, and he was charged with overseeing research on the scrolls. His team excavated the ancient site of Khirbet Qumran (1951–1956) as well as several caves near Qumran northwest of the Dead Sea. The excavations were led by Ibrahim El-Assouli, caretaker of the Palestine Archaeological Museum, or what came to be known as the Rockefeller Museum in Jerusalem.
John-Allison Weiss
John-Allison Weiss (born April 13, 1987) is an American singer-songwriter known for emotionally resonant songwriting, a strong DIY ethos, and blending indie pop, folk, and alt-country. Emerging in the late 2000s, Weiss built a following through crowdfunding, touring, and independent releases. In 2020, they launched the project Charlie Mtn., exploring country storytelling rooted in queer identity.

Mal Blum
Mal Blum is an American songwriter, musician, writer and performer from New York. Blum has released six full-length albums, either self-released or on independent record labels, the most recent being The Villain (2025).
Gerugambakkam
Gerugambakkam is a residential-industrial neighborhood in the South-Western part of Chennai, a metropolitan city in Tamil Nadu, India.It belongs to the Kundrathur taluk of Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu, India. It forms a suburb of Chennai city.

Porur
Porur (Tamil: [poːɾuːɾ]) is a neighbourhood of Chennai, India. It is situated in the Maduravoyal taluk of Chennai district in the southern part of the city. Since 2011, it has been a part of the Chennai Corporation and included in zone number 11.

The earliest recorded history of Porur goes back to the Chola period when it served as the headquarters of an administrative division (nadu) called Perur Nadu. Porur Lake is the major source of fresh water for suburban areas such as Iyyapanthangal, Moulivakkam and Mangadu. Porur is also known for the Ramachandra Medical College. Porur houses Mono-pulse Secondary Surveillance radar, one of the two radars in the city, which aids air-transport communication.
Digitalis minor
Digitalis minor is a species of flowering plant in family Plantaginaceae, which has been called dwarf Spanish foxglove. It is a biennial or short-lived perennial species of foxglove which is endemic to the Balearic islands with large, pendulous, pink or purple flowers. Closely related to the common purple foxglove, it is best distinguished by its small fruits. It is one of the only foxgloves to grow in calciferous, alkaline soils.

Local vernacular names in the Catalan language are: didalera, didals, didals de la Mare de Déu, boca de llop and herba de Santa Maria.

Alkali soil
Alkali, or  alkaline, soils are clay soils with high pH (greater than 8.5), a poor soil structure and a low infiltration capacity. Often they have a hard calcareous layer at 0.5 to 1 metre depth. Alkali soils owe their unfavorable physico-chemical properties mainly to the dominating presence of sodium carbonate, which causes the soil to swell and to be difficult to clarify/settle. They derive their name from the alkali metal group of elements, to which sodium belongs, and which can induce basicity. Sometimes these soils are also referred to as alkaline sodic soils.
Opiki Toll Bridge
The Opiki Toll Bridge or the Tane Hemp Company Suspension Bridge is a derelict bridge in Opiki, Horowhenua, New Zealand, that crosses the Manawatū River. It was opened in 1918 by a local flax company and was converted to a toll road in the 1920s after the firm failed. After the State Highway 56 bridge opened across the same river in 1969, the deck of the bridge was removed. It is listed under Heritage New Zealand as a Category I historic place. With a distance of 145.4 metres (477 ft) between the bridge's towers, it had, at the time of its construction, the longest main span of a bridge in New Zealand.

State Highway 56 (New Zealand)
State Highway 56 is a New Zealand state highway. It begins at SH 57 at Makerua and runs north-east to Palmerston North from the West. The state highway officially terminates on Pioneer Highway at its intersection with Maxwells Line just at the entrance to the city.
Class of Heroes
Class of Heroes is a role-playing video game dungeon crawler for the PlayStation Portable developed by Zero Div and published by Acquire in Japan and Atlus in North America. In Japan, the game was released on August 26, 2008; in North America, the game was released on June 9, 2009, by Atlus. In the game, players progress by navigating dungeons as hordes of enemies appear and attack in turn-based combat. Class of Heroes received mixed reviews from critics, with some appreciating the creative take on dungeon-crawling and others disliking the game's graphics and grind-based leveling system.

An enhanced remake called Ken to Mahō to Gakuenmono Anniversary Edition was released for the Nintendo Switch in Japan on April 26, 2018.

Grinding (video games)
Grinding is a term within video game culture that describes time spent in the game in which a player repeats a general task in order to gain rewards  in-game currency, in-game experience, player stats or other reward types. The method was first seen in dnd, and though there are many adaptations of it, it has since become an entire category of gameplay.

The term "grinding" itself comes from the general human culture of working hard, or "putting the axe to the grindstone." A related term in gaming is "farming," which is a similar act of repeated action with intention to get a reward.
Mary E. Schick
Mary Elizabeth Schick (July 28, 1885 – June 25, 1951) was an American librarian who served as the director and first professional librarian at the Walter Reed Library at the Walter Reed Army Medical Center (WRAMC), where she worked from 1920 to 1951. She compiled the history of the first 40 years of WRAMC. She previously worked at the U.S. Soldier's Home, National Defense Council, and the U.S. Bureau of Efficiency.

United States Bureau of Efficiency
The United States Bureau of Efficiency was a bureau under the United States federal government from 1916 to 1933. The Woodrow Wilson administration established this bureau for creating efficiency ratings "for the classified service in the several executive departments in the District of Columbia". Prior to 1916, its efforts had been organized under the Division of Efficiency within the United States Civil Service Commission. The bureau was discontinued by the newly inaugurated Franklin D. Roosevelt early in his presidency in 1933.

In 1915, Woodrow Wilson, then president of the United States, appointed Herbert D. Brown to head the bureau.
Monte Carlo Invitational
The Monte Carlo Invitational was a senior (over 50s) men's professional golf tournament on the European Senior Tour. It was played from 1998 to 2002 at the Monte Carlo Golf Club, La Turbie, Alpes-Maritimes, France. The course is near Mont Agel, in France, as there are no golf courses in Monaco. The Monte Carlo Open was played at the same venue from 1984 to 1992.

The 2001 event, scheduled for 14–16 September, was cancelled because of the September 11 terrorist attacks.

Monte Carlo Open (golf)
The Monte Carlo Open was a European Tour golf tournament which was played annually from 1984 to 1992. It was staged at the Monte Carlo Golf Club near Mont Agel in France, as there is no space for a golf course in Monaco. The winners of the tournament included two major champions, the Spaniard Seve Ballesteros, who won in 1986, and Welshman Ian Woosnam, who won the final three events. In 1992 the prize fund was £450,000, which was mid-range for a European Tour event at that time.
New Edition (album)
New Edition is the second studio album by American quintet New Edition, released on September 28, 1984, in North America. It was their first album on MCA Records. The album was certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America. (RIAA) It was also their first album without manager/producer Maurice Starr who would depart from the group during the making of the album after the group accused him of stealing their monetary earnings from their platinum debut. The album was produced by Vincent Brantley & Rick Timas, Grammy-nominated producer Michael Sembello & Richard Rudolph, Ray Parker Jr. and Peter Bunetta and Rick Chudacoff. The album reached #6 on the Billboard 200 and #1 on the R&B/Hip Hop Albums Chart and the Irish Albums Chart (where it peaked for five weeks).

In the UK, the album was released on November 5, 1984.

Michael Sembello
Michael Andrew Sembello (born April 17, 1954) is an American singer, guitarist, keyboardist, songwriter, composer and producer.

He was nominated for an Academy Award and a Golden Globe for his 1983 song "Maniac", which he sang and co-wrote. The song reached number one in the United States and featured in the Flashdance film soundtrack.
Kevin Nolan (Gaelic footballer)
Kevin Nolan (born 19 September 1988) is a Gaelic footballer who formerly played for Kilmacud Crokes and the Dublin county team.

On the field of play, Nolan won a Sigerson Cup with DCU; an All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship with Kilmacud Crokes; a National Football League and All-Ireland Senior Football Championship with Dublin, winning the man of the match award for his performance in the final of the latter.

All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship
The All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship is an annual Gaelic football tournament which began in season 1970–71. It is the top-tier competition for the senior football clubs of Ireland and London.

The current champions are Dingle of Kerry who defeated St Brigid's of Roscommon on 18 January 2026 to win their first All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship.

The current trophy is the Andy Merrigan Cup, named after a footballer who played for Castletown Liam Mellows and Wexford who died as a result of a farm accident at the height of his playing career. It was first presented in 1974.
2022 San Francisco Board of Supervisors election
The 2022 San Francisco Board of Supervisors elections were held on November 8, 2022. Five of the eleven seats on the San Francisco Board of Supervisors were up for election. The election was conducted with ranked-choice voting.

Four of the five incumbent supervisors were re-elected except for Gordon Mar, who lost to Joel Engardio by a small margin in District 4. Two incumbents, Catherine Stefani and Shamann Walton, were re-elected without any opposition.

Shamann Walton
Shamann Walton (born 1974/1975)  is an American politician. He has been a member of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors since 2019, representing District 10, and served as president of the Board from January 8, 2021 to January 8, 2023. Walton earlier served on the San Francisco Board of Education and was its president immediately prior to his election as supervisor.
Mark Pulisic
Mark Pulisic (born September 20, 1968) is an American former soccer player and coach of Croatian descent. He played for the Harrisburg Heat for his entire professional career. He is the father of Christian Pulisic, who plays for AC Milan and the United States men's national team.

Harrisburg Heat (1991–2003)
The Harrisburg Heat were an American professional indoor soccer team based in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. The team was part of the National Professional Soccer League, which later became the Major Indoor Soccer League, and has been defunct since 2003.
1. FC Phönix Lübeck
1. FC Phönix Lübeck is a German association football club from the city of Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein. The club has, historically, played at highest level in Germany, with the last stint of this coming from 1957 to 1960 in the tier one Oberliga Nord. After the introduction of the Bundesliga in 1963 Phönix played in the tier two Regionalliga Nord from 1967 to 1974 but has since fallen to regional amateur level.

Phönix has made three appearances in the DFB-Pokal, the German Cup, in 1938, 1976, and 2024.

Oberliga Nord (1947–1963)
The Oberliga Nord (English: Premier league North) was the highest level of the German football league system in the north of Germany from 1947 until the formation of the Bundesliga in 1963. It covered the states of Lower Saxony, Bremen, Hamburg, and Schleswig-Holstein.
Angela James Bowl
The Angela James Bowl was a women's ice hockey trophy introduced in 2007-08 to recognize the top points scorer in the newly formed Canadian Women's Hockey League (CWHL). The trophy was donated in order to help preserve the statistical history of the new league and to help tell the story of women's ice hockey at the club level. The trophy was named in honour of Angela James, a former women's hockey standout who played in the old Central Ontario Women’s Hockey League and National Women's Hockey League. On March 22, 2008, Ms. James was on hand at the first CWHL Final to present the Angela James Bowl to CWHL's first scoring champion, Jennifer Botterill.

Central Ontario Women's Hockey League
The Central Ontario Women's Hockey League  (COWHL) is a defunct hockey league in Ontario, Canada. During the 1998–99 season, the COWHL was renamed the National Women's Hockey League as the teams from the former league began to compete against teams from Quebec.
Zhang Guangjun (politician, born 1965)
Zhang Guangjun (Chinese: 张广军; born 21 March 1965) is a Chinese engineer and politician who is the current Vice Minister of Science and Technology, in office since November 2021. Previously he served as president of Southeast University. He is an alternate of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.

Southeast University
Southeast University (SEU) is a public university in Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education of China. The university is part of Project 211, Project 985, and the Double First-Class Construction.

Its precursor, Sanjiang Teachers College, was established in 1902 as a modern university on the former site of the Ming-era Guozijian. In 1921, the school changed its name to National Southeast University and became the second national university in China, and in 1928 was renamed National Central University, the nation's flagship university. After the Nationalist government lost Nanjing to the Chinese Communist Party during the Chinese Civil War, the university was renamed National Nanking University in August 1949. It was renamed Southeast University in May 1988.
Mitchell Kriegman
Mitchell Kriegman (born June 4, 1952) is an American television writer, director, producer, video artist, and author.

He is the creator of Clarissa Explains It All (1991) for Nickelodeon, Bear in the Big Blue House (1997) and The Book of Pooh (2001) for Disney Channel and It's a Big Big World (2006) for PBS. Kriegman holds patents for a method of hybrid animation, known as Shadowmation, which combines high-definition virtual-environments with puppets and animatronics, composited and rendered in real time. The production technique was implemented in The Book of Pooh and It's a Big Big World.

Kriegman's first novel was Being Audrey Hepburn (2014). His second novel, Things I Can't Explain (2015), is a reimagining of the titular character of Clarissa Explains It All in her twenties.

The Book of Pooh
The Book of Pooh is an American preschool educational children's television series that aired on the Playhouse Disney block on the Disney Channel. It is the third television series to feature the characters from the Disney franchise based on A. A. Milne's works; the other two were the live action Welcome to Pooh Corner (to which this series bears some resemblance) and the animated The New Adventures of Winnie the Pooh which ran from 1988 to 1991. It premiered on January 22, 2001 and completed its run on July 8, 2003. The show was produced by Shadow Projects.
Kristen Broady
Kristen Broady was the Barron Hilton Endowed Professor of Financial Economics at Dillard University before she became a senior economist directing the Economic Mobility Project at the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, and a nonresident senior fellow at the Brookings Institution.  Her areas of specialty are the racial wealth gap, labor and automation, the economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and returns to investment in higher education.

Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago
The Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago (informally the Chicago Fed) is one of twelve Federal Reserve Banks that, along with the Federal Reserve Board of Governors, make up the Federal Reserve System, the United States' central bank.
The Chicago Fed serves the Seventh District, which encompasses the northern portions of Illinois and Indiana, southern Wisconsin, the Lower Peninsula of Michigan, and the state of Iowa.
In addition to participation in the formulation of monetary policy, each Reserve Bank supervises member banks and bank holding companies, provides financial services to depository institutions and the U.S. government, and monitors economic conditions in its District.

The Chicago Fed was established on May 18, 1914, when representatives from five Seventh District banks formally signed the Chicago Fed's organization certificate. The Bank officially opened for business on Monday, November 16, 1914.
KASZ Raju
Vice Admiral Kankipati Appala Satyanarayana Zagapathi 'KASZ' Raju, PVSM, AVSM, NM is a former Flag officer in the Indian Navy.  He last served as the Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief Western Naval Command, from 1992 to 1994. A naval aviator, he was part of the Navy's first naval air squadron INAS 300 and was embarked on the Navy's first aircraft carrier INS Vikrant. During the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, he was the executive officer of the Leopard-class frigate INS Brahmaputra (1957), for which he was awarded the Nao Sena Medal. He later commanded the Western Fleet and the Southern Naval Command.

Leopard-class frigate
The Type 41 or Leopard class were a class of anti-aircraft defence frigates built for the Royal Navy (four ships) and Indian Navy (three ships) in the 1950s. The Type 41, together with the Type 61 variant, introduced diesel propulsion into the Royal Navy, the perceived benefits being long range, low fuel use, reduced crew (especially skilled artificers), and reduced complexity.

Although successful, improvements in traditional steam turbine technology erased the fuel economy advantage of the diesel powerplants and led to production being curtailed in favour of the Type 12 frigate, which was similar in overall design.
Christian views on masturbation
Christian views on masturbation are derived from the teachings of the Bible and the Church Fathers. Christian denominations have traditionally viewed masturbation as sinful but, since the mid-twentieth century, there have been varying positions on the subject, with some denominations still viewing it as sinful and other churches viewing it as a healthy expression of God-given human sexuality.

Fornication
Fornication generally refers to consensual sexual intercourse between two people who are not married to each other. When a married person has consensual sexual relations with one or more partners whom they are not married to, it is called adultery. John Calvin viewed adultery to be a sexual act that is considered outside of the divine model for sexual intercourse between married individuals, which includes fornication.

For many people, the term carries an overtone of moral or religious disapproval, but the significance of sexual acts to which the term is applied varies between religions, societies, and cultures. In modern usage, the term is often replaced with more judgment-neutral terms such as premarital sex, extramarital sex, or recreational sex.