hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cologne Diocesan Feud
The Cologne Diocesan Feud (German: Kölner Stiftsfehde, or Stiftsfehde zu Köln), also called the Neuss War (Neusser Krieg) or Burgundian War (Burgundischer Krieg), was a conflict, which began in 1473, between the Archbishop of Cologne, Ruprecht of the Palatinate and the Landstande of his archbishopric. As a result of the involvement of Charles the Bold of Burgundy and, eventually, the Holy Roman Empire the matter at times assumed a European dimension. It finally ended when Ruprecht died in 1480.

Duchy of Cleves
51°47′N 6°8′E﻿ / ﻿51.783°N 6.133°E﻿ / 51.783; 6.133

The Duchy of Cleves (German: Herzogtum Kleve; Dutch: Hertogdom Kleef) was a state of the Holy Roman Empire which emerged from the medieval Hettergau. It was situated in the northern Rhineland on both sides of the Lower Rhine, around its capital Cleves and the towns of Wesel, Kalkar, Xanten, Emmerich, Rees and Duisburg bordering the lands of the Prince-Bishopric of Münster in the east and the Duchy of Brabant in the west. Its history is closely related to that of its southern neighbours: the Duchies of Jülich and Berg, as well as Guelders and the Westphalian county of Mark. The Duchy was archaically known as Cleveland in English.

The duchy's territory roughly covered the present-day German districts of Cleves (northern part), Wesel and the city of Duisburg, as well as adjacent parts of the Limburg, North Brabant and Gelderland provinces in the Netherlands.
Thomas Chapin
Thomas Chapin (March 9, 1957 – February 13, 1998) was an American composer and saxophonist and multi-instrumentalist. His music spanned the full range of 20th century creative music, from his time as Lionel Hampton's bandleader to modern jazz and his own avant-garde explorations. He helped create the Knitting Factory scene in New York City in the early 80's and was the first artist signed to Knitting Factory Records. Though primarily an alto saxophonist, he also played sopranino, as well as soprano, tenor, baritone saxes and flute. Many of his recordings as a leader were in a trio with bassist Mario Pavone and drummer Michael Sarin. Chapin studied with Jackie McLean, Paul Jeffrey, Kenny Barron, and Lionel Hampton. He died of leukemia at age 40. He played at a benefit concert two weeks before his death.

Kenny Barron
Kenneth Barron (born June 9, 1943) is an American jazz pianist and composer who has appeared on hundreds of recordings as leader and sideman and is considered one of the most influential mainstream jazz pianists since the bebop era.
The First President
The First President (Chinese: 第一大总统) is a 2011 Chinese biographical film directed by Wang Caitao, produced by Han Sanping, and starring Qiu Xinzhi, Nie Mei, Liu Jing, Han Geng, Tian Liang, Johnny Zhang, Xiong Naijin and He Jie. The film is about the life of Sun Yat-sen, founding father of Kuomintang and president of the Republic of China.

Liu Jing (actor)
Liu Jing (aka Liu Jin, Chinese: 刘劲; born 7 December 1963) is a Chinese actor.

He has won the 25th China Golden Eagle Award for Favorite Actor and 5th China Golden Eagle Award for the Most Popular Actor.
Harald Warholm
Harald Warholm (21 July 1920 – 10 February 1967) was a Norwegian politician for the Conservative Party.

He was born in Brønnøy Municipality.

Warholm was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Nordland in 1958, and was re-elected on two occasions. He died midway through his third term, and was replaced by Bodil Aakre.

Harald Warholm was a member of the municipal council for Brønnøysund Municipality in the period 1959–1963 and of its successor Brønnøy Municipality in 1963–1967.

Brønnøy Municipality
Brønnøy is a municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is part of the Helgeland region. The administrative centre and commercial centre of the municipality is the town of Brønnøysund. A secondary centre is the village of Hommelstø. Other villages include Tosbotnet, Lande, Trælnes, and Skomo.

The 1,046-square-kilometre (404 sq mi) municipality is the 107th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Brønnøy Municipality is the 135th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 7,826. The municipality's population density is 7.5 inhabitants per square kilometre (19/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 0.9% over the previous 10-year period.

The Brønnøysund Register Centre is an important employer in Brønnøy. Also, one of the largest limestone mines in Northern Europe is located in the municipality. Brønnøysund Airport, Brønnøy is located near the town of Brønnøysund.
Erzgebirge 4
Erzgebirge 4 is an electoral constituency (German: Wahlkreis) represented in the Landtag of Saxony. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 15. It is within the district of Erzgebirgskreis.

Landtag of Saxony
The Landtag of Saxony (German: Sächsischer Landtag; Upper Sorbian: Sakski krajny sejm), also known in English as the Saxon State Parliament, is the legislature of the Free State of Saxony, one of Germany's sixteen states. It is responsible for legislation, control of the government, and electing some state officials. The Landtag has existed in various forms since 1831, but the current body was established during German reunification in 1990. The Landtag is directly elected and has a term of five years.
J. P. Martínez
Julio Pablo Martínez Sánchez (born March 21, 1996) is a Cuban professional baseball outfielder for the Saraperos de Saltillo of the Mexican League. He has previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Texas Rangers and Atlanta Braves.

Saraperos de Saltillo
The Saraperos de Saltillo (English: Saltillo Serapes) are a professional baseball team in the Mexican League. Their home ballpark is the Estadio de Béisbol Francisco I. Madero in Saltillo, Coahuila. They have won three championships (1980, 2009, and 2010). The 1979 Saraperos were recognized as one of the 100 greatest minor league teams of all time.
Stanisław Kutrzeba
Stanisław Marian Kutrzeba (1876–1946) was a Polish historian and politician who was Professor of the Jagiellonian University from 1908, and then until the end of his life the Chair of Studies in Polish law. He was chair of the Law Department (1913/1914, 1920/1921), university's rector (1932/33), General Secretary of Polish Academy of Learning (1926–39) and its president (1939–1946). He was one of many professors of Jagiellonian University arrested by Nazis during Sonderaktion Krakau in 1939 and imprisoned in the Sachsenhausen concentration camp. After being freed in 1940, he took part in the underground education. In 1945, he was deputy to the State National Council.

His works in the area of history were centered on the history of Polish law, the history of Poland from 14th to 18th centuries and the history of Kraków.

Education in Poland during World War II
During World War II in Poland, education often took place underground. Secretly conducted education prepared scholars and workers for the postwar reconstruction of Poland and countered German and Soviet threats to eradicate Polish culture.
Sanjeev Sanyal
Sanjeev Sanyal (born 27 August 1970) is an Indian economist and popular historian known for writing books based on revisionist Hindutva history which lack scholarly backing. A member of the Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister of India, he has helped prepare six editions of the Economic Survey of India and has represented India at G7 and OECD meetings. He is also the Chancellor of Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, and has written several books on Indian history to mixed reviews.

Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics
Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics (GIPE), commonly known as Gokhale Institute, is an Indian economics research and training institute located in Pune. It is one of the oldest of its kind in India.
Maurice Larkin
Maurice J. M. Larkin (1932 – 2004) was an English historian specializing in the history of the modern France. He held the Richard Pares Chair of History at Edinburgh University from 1976 till 1999. Larkin was also a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society.

Richard Pares
Richard Pares CBE FBA (25 August 1902 – 3 May 1958) was a British historian. He "was considered to be among the outstanding British historians of his time." He has been cited as being the first  gay lover of Evelyn Waugh.
The Last Thieves
The Last Thieves (Chinese: 聖人大盜; pinyin: shèng rén dà dào, literally "Sages and Thieves") is a 2019 Taiwanese drama film written and directed by Jack Hsu. The film stars Yen Tsao and Joanne Tseng as young entrepreneurs who are pitted against the elites of the social hierarchy, played by Megan Lai and Eric Tsang.

The film is billed as Asia's first Blockchain corporate warfare movie and introduces the concept of Blockchain decentralization and immersive entertainment.

Eric Tsang
Eric Tsang Chi-wai MH (Chinese: 曾志偉; born 14 April 1953) is a Hong Kong actor, director, host, producer, and television executive, known for his versatility in both comedy and drama, as well as for hosting the long-running Super Trio variety show series. Since 2021, he has served as the general manager of TVB.
Gujarat Lions
Gujarat Lions was a franchise cricket team based in the city of Rajkot, that represented the Indian state of Gujarat in the Indian Premier League (IPL). The team played in the IPL, along with Rising Pune Supergiant for two season between 2016 and 2017 as one of the replacements for Chennai Super Kings and Rajasthan Royals who were both suspended for two seasons due to illegal betting by their respective owners. The franchise was owned by Intex Technologies. They had to be disbanded after Rajasthan Royals returned to the IPL in 2018.

However, Gujarat made a return to the tournament with another franchise named Gujarat Titans (based in Ahmedabad), owned by the Torrent Group and CVC Capital Partners joined the IPL in 2022, which is one of the 10 teams currently to complete in the IPL.

2022 Indian Premier League
The 2022 Indian Premier League (also known as IPL 15 or for sponsorship reasons, TATA IPL 2022) was the fifteenth season of the Indian Premier League (IPL), a professional Twenty20 cricket league established by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) in 2007. The tournament was played from 26 March 2022 to 29 May 2022. The group stage of the tournament was played entirely in the state of Maharashtra, with Mumbai, Navi Mumbai and Pune hosting matches.

The season saw the expansion of the league with the addition of two new franchises. Chennai Super Kings were the defending champions, having won their fourth title during the previous season.

In the final, Gujarat Titans beat Rajasthan Royals, by seven wickets to win their maiden title in their first season.
Pelham Park and City Island Railway
The Pelham Park and City Island Railway was a short street railway in the Bronx, New York City, which connected City Island with the Bartow station of the Harlem River and Port Chester Railroad on the mainland.  The line existed from 1884 to 1919, most of that time as a horse-drawn system.  The mainland portion was converted to an electrically-driven monorail in 1910, unique in the country at the time, nicknamed The Flying Lady.  Prior to the railway, a stagecoach operated between City Island and Mount Vernon.

The railroad experienced two serious accidents, one during the horse-drawn era, and the second on the inaugural day of monorail service.  The line was never a commercial success and eventually ceased operation when the company went bankrupt.

Monorail
A monorail is an urban rail transit type in which trains run on or are suspended above a single rail or beam structure to transport people. They have an intermediate transport capacity at the regional and metropolitan level, generally greater than that of the tram and less than that of the rapid transit.

Colloquially, the term "monorail" is often used to describe any form of elevated rail or people mover. More accurately, the term refers to the style of track. Monorail systems are most frequently implemented in large cities, airports, and theme parks.
Larceny Act 1861
The Larceny Act 1861 (24 & 25 Vict. c. 96) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (as it then was) that consolidated provisions related to larceny and similar offences from a number of earlier statutes into a single act. For the most part these provisions were, according to the draftsman of the act, incorporated with little or no variation in their phraseology. It is one of a group of acts sometimes referred to as the Criminal Law Consolidation Acts 1861. It was passed with the object of simplifying the law. It is essentially a revised version of an earlier consolidation act, the Larceny Act 1827 (7 & 8 Geo. 4. c. 29) (and the equivalent Irish act), incorporating subsequent statutes.

Larceny Act 1916
The Larceny Act 1916 (6 & 7 Geo. 5. c. 50) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Its purpose was to consolidate and simplify the law relating to larceny triable on indictment and to kindred offences.

The definition of larceny for the purposes of the act was "a person steals who, without the consent of the owner, fraudulently and without a claim of right made in good faith; takes and carries away anything capable of being stolen, with the intent at the time of such taking, permanently to deprive the owner thereof. Provided that a person may be guilty of stealing any such thing notwithstanding that he has lawful possession thereof, if, being a bailee or part owner thereof, he fraudulently converts the same to his own use or the use of any person other than the owner".
Glenn Donaldson (rugby league)
Glenn Donaldson is a New Zealand former rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s and 1990s. He played at representative level for New Zealand, Northern Districts and Bay of Plenty, as a scrum-half.

Bay of Plenty rugby league team
The Bay of Plenty rugby league team (also known as the Bay of Plenty Lakers) are a New Zealand rugby league team who represents the Bay of Plenty Rugby League in New Zealand Rugby League competitions. Between 1994 and 1996 they competed in the Lion Red Cup competition, while in 2008 and 2009 they competed in the Bartercard Premiership.
Winfield Township School District
The Winfield Township School District is a community public school district that serves students in pre-Kindergarten to eighth grade from Winfield Township in Union County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.

As of the 2023–24 school year, the district, comprised of one school, had an enrollment of 147 students and 17.1 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 8.6:1. In the 2016–17 school year, Winfield had the 19th-smallest enrollment of any school district in the state, with 140 students.

Public school students in ninth through twelfth grades attend David Brearley High School in Kenilworth, as part of a sending/receiving relationship with the Kenilworth Public Schools. As of the 2023–24 school year, the high school had an enrollment of 778 students and 72.3 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 10.8:1.

Pre-kindergarten
Pre-kindergarten (also called pre-K or PK) is a voluntary classroom-based preschool program for children below the age of five in the United States, Canada, Turkey and Greece (when kindergarten starts). It may be delivered through a preschool or within a reception year in elementary school. Pre-kindergartens play an important role in early childhood education. They have existed in the US since 1922, normally run by private organizations. The U.S. Head Start program, the country's first federally funded pre-kindergarten program, was founded in 1967. This attempts to prepare children (especially disadvantaged children) to succeed in school.
John Sloan (businessman)
John Sloan (June 28, 1904 – March 15, 1988) was an American businessman. He served as the president of Cain-Sloan, a department store in Nashville, Tennessee, from 1937 to 1970, including during the 1960 Nashville sit-ins.

Cain-Sloan
Cain-Sloan Co. Inc. was a department store chain based in Nashville, Tennessee, United States. It was founded in 1903, merged with Allied Stores in 1955, and with Dillard's in 1987. It was a target of the 1960 Nashville sit-ins.
Besthorpe, Norfolk
Besthorpe is a village and civil parish in the Breckland district of Norfolk, England, about 1 mile (1.6 km) east of Attleborough on the A11 road. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 561, increasing to 778 at the 2011 Census. The hamlet of Black Carr is within the civil parish.

The parish church is located in a remote part of the parish.

Attleborough
Attleborough is a market town and civil parish located on the A11 road between Norwich and Thetford in Norfolk, England. The parish is in the district of Breckland and has an area of 21.9 square kilometres (8.5 sq mi).

The 2001 Census recorded the town as having a population of 9,702 distributed between 4,185 households, increasing to a population of 10,482 in 4,481 households in the 2011 Census. In 2021 the population was 11,232

Attleborough is in the Mid-Norfolk constituency of the UK Parliament, represented since the 2010 general election by the Conservative MP George Freeman.

Attleborough railway station provides a main line rail service to both Norwich and Cambridge.
Rachel Anna Haines
Rachel Anna Haines (1842-1912) was an American homesteader and a leader of the Boomer movement to open up the Unassigned Lands of Indian Territory. She was the common-law wife of David L. Payne and is sometimes referred to as the "Mother of Oklahoma."

Unassigned Lands
The Unassigned Lands in Oklahoma were in the center of the lands ceded to the United States by the Creek (Muskogee) and Seminole Indians following the Civil War and on which no other tribes had been settled. By 1883, it was bounded by the Cherokee Outlet on the north, several relocated Indian reservations on the east, the Chickasaw lands on the south, and the Cheyenne-Arapaho reserve on the west. The area amounted to 1,887,796.47 acres (2,950 sq mi; 7,640 km2).

In 1889, this territory was offered by the federal government to non-Native Americans for settlement in the Oklahoma Land Rush.
Mesambria (Aegean Sea)
Mesambria (Ancient Greek: Μεσαμβρία), or Mesembria (Μεσημβρία), was an ancient Greek city located in ancient Thrace, on the coast of the Aegean Sea.

According to Herodotus, it was a bastion that had been founded by Samothrace, was a neighbor of the city of Stryme and in the middle of the two ran the Lissus River. The army of Xerxes passed Mesambria during the expedition against Greece in 480 BCE.

Its site is tentatively located near Shabla-Dere, 12 miles (19 km) west of Alexandroupolis; but it has been suggested that Mesambria could be identified with Drys, or with Orthagoria, or with Zone.

Orthagoria
Orthagoria (Ancient Greek: Ὀρθαγορία) or Orthagoreia (Ὀρθαγορεία) was an ancient Greek town of ancient Thrace, located on the coast of the Aegean Sea. Pliny the Elder says Ortagurea (perhaps the same as Orthagoria) was the old name of Maroneia, but Strabo places both cities successively in the Thracian region. Some have suggested that Orthagoria was the ancient name of Stageira.

Coins minted by Orthagoria of silver and bronze, with the inscription ΟΡΘΑΓΟΡΕΩΝ, are preserved.

Its site is unlocated.
Charles Street Meeting House
The Charles Street Meeting House is an early-nineteenth-century historic church in Beacon Hill at 70 Charles Street, Boston, Massachusetts.

The church has been used over its history by several Christian denominations, including Baptists, the First African Methodist Episcopal Church, and Unitarian Universalist. In the 1980s, it was renovated and adapted for use as office space, with the exterior restored and preserved. This project received awards from the National Trust for Historic Preservation and the American Institute of Architects.

The meeting house is a site on the National Park Service's Black Heritage Trail and is part of the Beacon Hill Historic District, listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

National Trust for Historic Preservation
The National Trust for Historic Preservation is a privately funded, nonprofit organization based in Washington, D.C., that works in the field of historic preservation in the United States. The member-supported organization was founded in 1949 by congressional charter to support the preservation of America’s diverse historic buildings, neighborhoods, and heritage through its programs, resources, and advocacy.
Orca's Song
Orca's Song is a 1987 picturebook written by Anne Cameron and illustrated in black and white by Nelle Olsen. Published by Harbour Publishing, the book is an adaptation of a Pacific Northwest Indigenous story. Orca's Song is a pourquoi story about a black orca who falls in love with an osprey; the two mate to create a baby orca with the black and white patterning found on the whales.

While some reviewers appreciated the art and text of the story, it received criticism from Indigenous authors and scholars who disputed Cameron's claim of sole authorship and copyright for the story. Consequently, reprints of the book began to attribute the storyteller Klopinum for the story's inspiration although Cameron retained sole authorship credit and copyright. The story has also been noted as an early example of a lesbian relationship (between Orca and Osprey) in picturebook literature and one of the few such picturebooks published before 2000 to lack a moralising tone.

Pourquoi story
A pourquoi story (French pronunciation: [puʁ.kwa] ⓘ; "pourquoi" meaning "why" in French) is a fictional narrative that explains why something is the way it is, for example why snakes have no legs or why tigers have striped coats. Many legends, origin myths and folk tales are pourquoi stories. A more pejorative term for these stories is a just-so story, coined by English writer Rudyard Kipling in 1902.
Dave Line
Dave Line (1942 – 1980) was a British beer author. An electrical engineer by profession, he is regarded as a pioneer in homebrewing during the 1970s because at the time homebrewing as a hobby was in its infancy. At the time of his early death from cancer he was 37, living in Southampton, was married and had a son.

Homebrewing
Homebrewing is the brewing of beer   or other alcoholic beverages on a small scale for personal, non-commercial purposes. Supplies, such as kits and fermentation tanks, can be purchased locally at specialty stores or online. Beer was brewed domestically for thousands of years before its commercial production although its legality has varied according to local regulation. Homebrewing is closely related to the hobby of home distillation, the production of alcoholic spirits for personal consumption, but home distillation is generally more tightly regulated.
The Good Old Boys (film)
The Good Old Boys is a 1995 American Western television film directed by Tommy Lee Jones and written by Jones and J.T. Allen, based on the 1978 novel of the same name by Elmer Kelton. Jones stars alongside Terry Kinney, Frances McDormand, Sam Shepard, Sissy Spacek, Wilford Brimley, and Matt Damon. The film aired on TNT on March 5, 1995.

Wilford Brimley
Anthony Wilford Brimley (September 27, 1934 – August 1, 2020) was an American actor. After serving in the U.S. Marine Corps and working odd jobs in the 1950s, Brimley started working as an extra and stuntman in Western films in the late 1960s. He became an established character actor in the 1970s and 1980s in films such as The China Syndrome (1979), The Thing (1982), Tender Mercies (1983), The Natural (1984), and Cocoon (1985). Brimley was known for playing characters at times much older than his age. He was the long-term face of American television advertisements for the Quaker Oats Company. He also promoted diabetes education and appeared in related television commercials for Liberty Medical, a role for which he became an Internet meme.