hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Benares State
Banaras State, earlier Benares Estate, was an estate, or hereditary jagir,  comprising the family domains of the Maharaja of Benares under the Nawabs of Oudh, East India Company rule, and the British Raj that from 1911 to 1948 was recognized as a princely state.

The estate was founded by the zamindar, Balwant Singh, who assumed the title of "Raja of Benares" in the mid 18th century, taking advantage of the Mughal Empire's disintegration. His descendants had zamindari privileges in an area around Benares city, but not in the city, which the East India Company had annexed under the Treaty of Faizabad in the later 1760s.  Benares became a princely state of British Raj in 1911.  On October 15, 1949, the State of Benares was merged with Uttar Pradesh.

Maharaja Udit Narayan Singh
Maharaja Udit Narayan Singh was the eldest surviving son of Maharaj Mahip Narayan Singh, Udit Narayan Singh Sahib Bahadur (1770 – 4 April 1835, r. 12 September 1795 – 4 April 1835) became the new king of Benares.
2009 World Club Challenge
The 2009 World Club Challenge was contested by Super League XIII champions, Leeds Rhinos, competing in their second consecutive World Club Challenge, and 2008 NRL Premiers, the Manly Warringah Sea Eagles. For the first time since 2003, the Australian champions defeated their English counterparts.

The match featured 28 penalties and two punch-ups which resulted in rival Props Josh Perry (Manly) and Jamie Peacock (Leeds) sin-binned in the 20th minute. with Manly's three quick tries in the first seven minutes after the break proving decisive. Leeds scored three tries of their own towards the end of the match, but by then it was too late.

Josh Perry
Josh Perry (born 4 February 1981) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer. An Australian international and New South Wales State of Origin representative prop, he played in the NRL for the Newcastle Knights, with whom he won the 2001 NRL Premiership and the Manly Warringah Sea Eagles, with whom he won the 2008 NRL Premiership, and played in the Super League for St Helens.
HMS Aveley
HMS Aveley was a Ley-class inshore minehunter of the Royal Navy. Aveley was built by J. Samuel White at their Cowes, Isle of Wight shipyard, being launched in 1953 and completing the next year. She remained in Royal Navy service until 1982, spending several years laid up in reserve, and from 1963 to 1980 was used for training at Portsmouth. In 1983, the ship was sold to the Woolwich Sea Cadets and renamed TS Woolwich. Woolwich was scrapped from November 1986.

Cowes
Cowes (/kaʊz/) is an English seaport town and civil parish on the Isle of Wight. Cowes is located on the west bank of the estuary of the River Medina, facing the smaller town of East Cowes on the east bank. The two towns are linked by the Cowes Floating Bridge, a chain ferry.

Cowes has a population of 14,370 according to the 2021 Census.

Charles Godfrey Leland's 19th-century verses describe the towns poetically as "The two great Cowes that in loud thunder roar/This on the eastern, that the western shore".

Cowes has been seen as a home for international yacht racing since the founding of the Royal Yacht Squadron in 1815. It gives its name to the world's oldest regular regatta, Cowes Week, which occurs annually in the first week of August. Later, powerboat races are held.

Much of the town's architecture is still heavily influenced by the style of ornate building that Prince Albert popularised.
Steve Rotheram
Steven Philip Rotheram (born 4 November 1961) is a British politician serving as Mayor of the Liverpool City Region since 2017. A member of the Labour Party, he was Member of Parliament (MP) for Liverpool Walton from 2010 to 2017.

Born and raised in Kirkby, Rotheram left school to become a bricklayer and set up his own construction company at the age of 22. He earned a Master's degree in Contemporary Urban Renaissance from Liverpool Hope University and worked as a business manager for the Learning and Skills Council. He was elected to represent Fazakerley for Labour on Liverpool City Council from 2002 to 2011, and served as Lord Mayor of Liverpool from 2008 to 2009.

After serving as an MP and Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Leader of the Opposition, Rotheram won a majority vote at the 2017 Liverpool City Region mayoral election and re-election in 2021. He was re-elected in 2024.

Learning and Skills Council
The Learning and Skills Council (LSC) was a non-departmental public body jointly sponsored by the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS) and the Department for Children, Schools and Families (DCSF) in England. It closed on 31 March 2010 and was replaced by the Skills Funding Agency and the Young People's Learning Agency.
Liu Yang (politician)
Liu Yang (Chinese: 刘飏; born 1942) is a Chinese politician and legal official who served as Vice Minister of Justice of the People’s Republic of China. She has also held leading roles within the China Law Society and was a delegate to several major national political bodies.

China Law Society
The China Law Society is the official people's organization of Chinese legal research and academic professionals.  It was established in 1982 and has sub-institutions of different fields of law, such as jurisprudence, constitutional law, civil law, criminal law, etc.
Geamărtălui
The Geamărtălui (also: Gemărtălui) is a right tributary of the river Olteț in Romania. It discharges into the Olteț in the town Balș. The following towns and villages are situated along the river, from source to mouth: Velești, Balota de Sus, Balota de Jos, Bușteni, Gaia, Murgași, Picăturile, Plopșorelu, Tabaci, Vulpeni, Gropșani, Găvănești, Dâmburile, Baldovinești and Balș. Its length is 63 km (39 mi) and its basin size is 421 km2 (163 sq mi).

Murgași
Murgași is a commune in Dolj County, Oltenia, Romania with a population of 2,191 people as of 2021. It is composed of eight villages: Balota de Jos (the commune center), Balota de Sus, Bușteni, Gaia, Murgași, Picăturile, Rupturile, and Velești.

The commune is located in the northeastern part of the county and belongs to the Craiova metropolitan area.
María Villar Buceta
María del Carmen Villar Buceta (25 April 1899 – 29 June 1977) was a Cuban poet, journalist, and activist associated with the avant-garde movement of the 1920s and 1930s. She was best known for her 1927 poetry collection Unanimismo.

She was also a pioneer of library science in Cuba, and became the country's first teacher in the subject.

Library and information science
Library and information science (LIS) are two academic disciplines that study all aspects of the creation, organization, documentation, management, communication, and use of recorded information. It underlies a variety of professional activities such as information management, librarianship, and archiving and records management, educating professionals for work in those areas, and carrying out research to improve practice.

Library science and information science are two original disciplines; however, they are within the same field of study. Library science is applied information science, as well as a subfield of information science. Due to the strong connection, sometimes the two terms are used synonymously.
Mel Daniels
Melvin Joe Daniels (July 20, 1944 – October 30, 2015) was an American professional basketball player. He played in the American Basketball Association (ABA) for the Minnesota Muskies, Indiana Pacers, and Memphis Sounds, and in the National Basketball Association for the New York Nets. One of the greatest players in ABA history, Daniels was a two-time ABA Most Valuable Player, three-time ABA Champion and a seven-time ABA All-Star. Daniels was the All-time ABA rebounding leader, and in 1997, he was named a unanimous selection to the ABA All-Time Team. Daniels was enshrined into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 2012.

History of the Brooklyn Nets
The Brooklyn Nets, a professional basketball team based in the New York City borough of Brooklyn, were founded in 1967 and initially played in Teaneck, New Jersey, as the New Jersey Americans, followed by a period spent in Long Island as the New York Nets and later returning to play as the New Jersey Nets. They are a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference in the National Basketball Association (NBA), as well as an original member of the American Basketball Association (ABA). In 2012, the team moved to Brooklyn and were renamed the Brooklyn Nets.
John Lloyd Gibbons
John Lloyd Gibbons   (25 August 1837 – 25 April 1919) was an engineering surveyor, justice of the peace, county councillor for Bilston and a Liberal Unionist Party Member of Parliament for Wolverhampton South from 1898 to 1900.

Wolverhampton South (UK Parliament constituency)
Wolverhampton South was a parliamentary constituency in the town of Wolverhampton in the West Midlands of England.  It returned one Member of Parliament to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
We All Fall Down (2000 film)
We All Fall Down is a 2000 Canadian drama film directed by Martin Cummins.

The film stars Darcy Belsher as Michael, a young man whose life enters a downward spiral after the death of his mother. The film's cast also includes Helen Shaver, Françoise Robertson, Nicholas Campbell, René Auberjonois, Barry Pepper, Mike Dopud and Ryan Reynolds.

Shaver won the Genie Award for Best Supporting Actress at the 21st Genie Awards.

Nicholas Campbell
Nicholas Campbell (born 24 March 1952) is a Canadian actor and filmmaker. He is a four-time Gemini Award winner, a three-time Genie Award nominee, and a Canadian Screen Award nominee. He is known for his portrayal of coroner Dominic Da Vinci, on the crime drama television series Da Vinci's Inquest (1998-2005) and its spin-off Da Vinci's City Hall (2005-2006).

In film, Campbell is known for his collaborations with director David Cronenberg, starring in Fast Company (1979), The Brood (1979), The Dead Zone (1983), and Naked Lunch (1991). He has also notably appeared in A Bridge Too Far (1977), The Boys Club (1996), New Waterford Girl (1999), Prozac Nation (2001), Turning Paige (also 2001), Cinderella Man (2005), and Goon (2011). As a director, he made the acclaimed music documentary Stepping Razor: Red X.
Richard Gouse Field at Brown Stadium
Richard Gouse Field at Brown Stadium is a football stadium located in Providence, Rhode Island. It is the home of Brown University's football and outdoor track teams. The athletic teams at Brown University, known as the Bears, compete in the Ivy League. Brown was the last Ivy stadium with a grass playing field until the installation of a FieldTurf surface in 2021. The field is named for Richard I. Gouse '68, the primary donor of the turf field.

FieldTurf
FieldTurf is a brand of artificial turf playing surface. It is manufactured and installed by FieldTurf Tarkett, a division of French company Tarkett. FieldTurf is headquartered in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, and its primary manufacturing facility is located in Calhoun, Georgia, United States. With a design intended to more accurately replicate real grass, the new product rapidly gained popularity in the late 1990s.
Archery GB
Archery GB is the largest national governing body for the sport of archery in the United Kingdom. Archery GB is responsible for all levels of archery within the UK from elite to development level and supports over 40,000 members. Archery GB is the umbrella organisation for English Archery Association, Archery Northern Ireland, Scottish Archery and Welsh Archery Association. Under Archery GB are eight Regional Societies and many different county societies. It is affiliated to the World Archery Federation (WA); (formerly FITA, the Fédération Internationale de Tir à l'Arc) and is a member of the British Olympic Association. The society's motto is: "Union, Trueheart and Courtesie".

Archery GB is the trading name of the Grand National Archery Society, a company limited by guarantee no. 1342150 Registered in England

World Archery
World Archery (WA, formerly Fédération Internationale de Tir à l'Arc – FITA) is the governing body of the sport of archery. It is based in Lausanne, Switzerland. It is composed of 156 national federations and other archery associations, and is recognised by the International Olympic Committee.
Peter Giles (canoeist)
Peter Mark Giles (born April 18, 1970) is a Canadian sprint kayaker who competed in the mid-1990s. He finished seventh in the K-4 1000 m event at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta. His brother, Stephen Giles, is also an Olympic canoeist.

Stephen Giles
Stephen Giles (born July 4, 1972) is a Canadian sprint canoeist who competed from the early 1990s to the mid 2000s. Competing in four Summer Olympics, he won the bronze in the C-1 1000 m event at Sydney in 2000.
Cascade, New Hampshire
Cascade is an unincorporated community within the city of Berlin and the town of Gorham, New Hampshire, United States. The village gets its name from a nearby alpine waterfall, which is visible in the hills to the east. The village straddles New Hampshire Route 16, the main road into Berlin from the south. On the eastern side of the road, there is a paper finishing mill located on flatlands by the Androscoggin River known as "Cascade Flats". On the western side there is a hill known as "Cascade Hill".

Androscoggin River
The Androscoggin River (Abenaki: Ammoscongon) is a river in the U.S. states of Maine and New Hampshire, in northern New England. It is 178 miles (286 km) long and joins the Kennebec River at Merrymeeting Bay in Maine before its water empties into the Gulf of Maine on the Atlantic Ocean. Its drainage basin is 3,530 square miles (9,100 km2) in area. The name "Androscoggin" comes from the Eastern Abenaki term Ammoscongon, which referred to the entire portion of the river north of the Great Falls in Lewiston, Maine. The Anglicization of the Abenaki term is likely an analogical contamination with the colonial governor Edmund Andros.
Aeronica
Aerolíneas Nicaragüenses S.A., operating as Aeronica, was an airline based in Nicaragua. Headquartered in the capital Managua, it operated scheduled passenger flights within Central America, as well as to Mexico City and the United States from its hub at the city's Augusto C. Sandino International Airport.

Managua
Managua (Spanish pronunciation: [maˈnaɣwa]) is the capital and largest city of Nicaragua, and one of the largest cities in Central America. Located on the shores of Lake Managua, the city had an estimated population of 1,055,247 as of 2020, and a population of 1,401,687 in its metropolitan area. The city also serves as the seat of Managua Department.

Founded in 1819, Managua became the national capital in 1852. The city underwent a rapid expansion and urbanization between 1842 and 1930, leading it to become one of the most developed cities in Central America. Several earthquakes have affected the city's growth, especially the 1931 earthquake and the 1972 earthquake, but the city has been rebuilt several times. Today, the city is a major economic hub for both the country and Central America.
James Henry Northrop
James Henry Northrop, (8 May 1856 – 12 December 1940) was born in Keighley, West Yorkshire in the United Kingdom, where he worked in the textile industry. He emigrated to Boston, Massachusetts, in 1881. By 1898, working in Hopedale, Massachusetts for George Draper and Sons, Northrop had filed several hundred patents some of which were used in the Northrop Loom. He retired at 42. He died in Santa Ana, California on 12 December 1940, at 84.

Hopedale, Massachusetts
Hopedale is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States. It is located 25 miles southwest of Boston, in eastern Massachusetts. With origins as a Christian utopian community, the town was later home to Draper Corporation, a large loom manufacturer throughout the 20th century until its closure in 1980. Today, Hopedale has become a bedroom community for professionals working in Greater Boston and is home to highly ranked public schools. The population was 6,017 as of the 2020 census. It contains the census-designated place of the same name.
Awad Alasmari
His Excellency Professor Awad bin Khuzeim Bin Ali Al-Asmari (Awad Khozam Alasmari) (Arabic: -- عوض بن خزيم بن علي الأسمري born in 1959 in Balasmer, Saudi Arabia) is a Saudi professor of electrical engineering. He served as Rector of Shaqra University since 2016 to August 2020.

Shaqra University
Shaqra University (SU; Arabic: جامعة شقراء [ALA-LC: Jāmiʻat Shaqrāʼ]) is a public university in Shaqra, Saudi Arabia. It comes under the supervision of the Ministry of Education. The university comprises twenty-four colleges that span a diverse range of disciplines. Its main campus is situated in Shaqra, while its colleges are distributed across a vast area of the Kingdom, covering several governorates and sub-governorates to the west of Riyadh.
Roman Anderson
Roman Anderson (born April 19, 1969) is an English former professional football placekicker who played for the Sacramento Gold Miners and the San Antonio Texans of the Canadian Football League (CFL). Anderson played college football for the Houston Cougars. He also had stints in the National Football League (NFL) with the Minnesota Vikings, Cincinnati Bengals, Cleveland Browns and the Kansas City Chiefs.

Houston Cougars football
The Houston Cougars football program is an NCAA Division I FBS football team that represents the University of Houston. The team is commonly referred to as "Houston" or "U of H". The UH football program is a member of the Big 12 Conference. Since the 2014 season, the Cougars have played their home games on campus at TDECU Stadium, which was built on the site formerly occupied by Robertson Stadium, where they played home games from 1941 to 1950 and from 1994 to 2012. Over the history of the program, the Cougars have won 11 conference championships and have had several players elected to the College Football Hall of Fame, including a Heisman Trophy winner.
Dorothy Manley
Dorothy Gladys Manley (later Hall, then Parlett; 29 April 1927 – 31 October 2021) was a British sprinter. She competed in the 1948 Summer Olympics, held in London, in the 100 metres where she won the silver medal with a time of 12.2 seconds. She was the first British woman to win an Olympic sprint medal. She was also a medallist in the 1950 British Empire Games, and the 1950 European Athletics Championships.

1950 European Athletics Championships
The 4th European Athletics Championships were held from 23 August to 27 August 1950 in the Heysel Stadium of the Belgian capital Brussels.  Contemporaneous reports on the event were given in the Glasgow Herald.
Rolf Skår
Rolf Skår (13 May 1941 – 24 May 2023) was a Norwegian engineer and entrepreneur. He was a co-founder of the computer manufacturing company Norsk Data in 1967, and took over as chief executive officer (CEO) of the company from 1978 to 1989. He was later CEO of the Royal Norwegian Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, chaired the Norwegian Polytechnic Society, and was CEO of the Norwegian Space Centre from 1998 to 2006. For his contributions to information technology and space activity, Skår was knighted as in the First Class of the Order of St. Olav in 2010.

Norwegian Space Agency
The Norwegian Space Agency (NOSA) (formerly the Norwegian Space Centre (NSC); Norwegian: Norsk Romsenter) is a Norwegian government agency that follows Norway's public space activities. NOSA's goal is to ensure that Norway benefits from any space activity in which Norway engages in.

The agency was established as the Norwegian Space Centre in 1987 in conjunction with Norway's decision to join the European Space Agency (ESA). It functions as an agency of the Norwegian Ministry of Trade and Industry. Its purpose is to conduct space activities that are of use to society and contribute to business development. The agency is also charged with safeguarding and promoting Norway's interests in relation to ESA, the EU space programmes and in bilateral agreements with other countries. Its headquarters is located in Oslo.
Knowles v. Mirzayance
Knowles v. Mirzayance, 556 U.S. 111 (2009), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the court held that habeas relief may only be granted if the state court decision unreasonably applied the ineffective-assistance-of-counsel standard established by Strickland v. Washington. Moreover, no federal court has clearly endorsed applying a looser standard where the defense attorney ought to have done something because the defendant had "nothing to lose" was sufficient to find ineffective assistance.

Strickland v. Washington
Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668 (1984), was a landmark Supreme Court case that established the standard for determining when a criminal defendant's Sixth Amendment right to counsel is violated by that counsel's inadequate performance.

The decision was a compromise by the majority in which the varying "tests for ineffective performance of counsel" among the federal circuits and state supreme courts were forced into a singular middle ground test. State governments are free to create a test even more favorable to an appellant.
Kvernafjord
Kvernafjord is a small fjord next to the island of Flatøy and just west of the village of Knarvik in Alver Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The fjord lies between the Radfjord, which is part of the same fjord system, and the sound Hagelsund, which creates a link to the southeast, where Salhusfjord meets Osterfjord. Kvernafjord extends 3.5 kilometers (2.2 mi) northwest to a line between Radtangen on the island of Radøy to the northeast and Skarpeneset on the island of Holsnøy to the southwest. The strait Alverstraum lies to the east, creating a connection to the village of Alversund.

At the south end of the fjord, European route E39 crosses the Hagelsund over the 623-meter (2,044 ft) Hagelsund Bridge.

Osterfjorden
Osterfjorden is a fjord in Vestland county, Norway. The fjord is one of three fjords surrounding the island of Osterøy. The fjord runs along the border of Alver Municipality and Osterøy Municipality. The fjord begins at the Romarheimsfjorden and flows to the west for 27 kilometres (17 mi) before ending near the village of Knarvik at the confluence of four fjords: Osterfjorden, Radfjorden (to the north), Sørfjorden (to the south), and Salhusfjorden (to the west). The Osterfjorden is generally about 1 to 3 kilometres (0.62 to 1.86 mi) wide and the deepest point in the fjord reaches a depth of 639 metres (2,096 ft) below sea level.

The following villages lie along the Osterfjorden: Knarvik, Hamre, Leknes, Eikanger, Hosanger, Fotlandsvåg, Ostereidet, and Tysso. Historically, the old Hosanger Municipality encompassed the land on both sides of the fjord, with the fjord running through the middle of the municipality.