hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Caughall
Caughall is a former civil parish, now in the parish of Backford, in the borough of Cheshire West and Chester and ceremonial county of Cheshire in England. In 2001 it had a population of 29. The parish included Caughall Manor and Chester Zoo. Caughall was formerly a township in the parish of Backford, in 1866 Caughall became a separate civil parish, on 1 April 2015 the parish was abolished and merged with Backford.

Cheshire West and Chester
Cheshire West and Chester is a unitary authority area with borough status in Cheshire, England. It was established on 1 April 2009 as part of the 2009 local government changes, by virtue of an order under the Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Act 2007. It superseded the boroughs of Ellesmere Port and Neston, Vale Royal and the City of Chester. The remainder of the ceremonial county of Cheshire is composed of Cheshire East, Halton and Warrington. Cheshire West and Chester has three key urban areas: Chester, Ellesmere Port and Northwich/Winsford.

The decision to create the Cheshire West and Chester unitary authority was announced on 25 July 2007 following a consultation period, in which a proposal to create a single Cheshire unitary authority was rejected.
The Daily Beast
The Daily Beast is an American news website focused on politics, media, and pop culture. Founded in 2008, the website is owned by IAC Inc. It has been characterized as a "high-end tabloid" by Noah Shachtman, the site's editor-in-chief from 2018 to 2021. In a 2015 interview, former editor-in-chief John Avlon described the Beast's editorial approach: "We seek out scoops, scandals, and stories about secret worlds; we love confronting bullies, bigots, and hypocrites." In 2018, Avlon described the Beast's "strike zone" as "politics, pop culture, and power".

NLGJA: The Association of LGBTQ+ Journalists
NLGJA: The Association of LGBTQ+ Journalists, is an American professional association dedicated to coverage of LGBTQ+ issues in the media. It is based in Washington, D.C., and the membership consists primarily of journalists, students, educators, and communications professionals. The organization was previously known as the National Lesbian and Gay Journalists Association (NLGJA), but changed its name in 2013 to "NLGJA: The Association of LGBT Journalists" to reflect the diversity of the communities it represents. In 2016, it added a "Q" to represent queer journalists and people, updating its name to "NLGJA: The Association of LGBTQ Journalists". In 2023, it added a "+" to represent those gender-diverse and sex-diverse people whose identities are not well-known to be added to the acronym, and those who are questioning their identities, updating its name to "NLGJA: The Association of LGBTQ+ Journalists".
Advance Digital
Advance Digital provides sales and content strategy, product development and technology to the Advance Local media group, part of Advance Publications. Advance Publications is an American media company owned by the descendants of Samuel Irving Newhouse, Sr.

Advance Local, established in 2010, operates 12 local news and information websites affiliated to more than 30 newspapers. Its headquarters are at 1 World Trade Center in New York, New York. Advance Digital is headquartered at Jersey City, New Jersey.

The unit's Advance Digital name was established December 16, 2011; its previous name was Advance Internet. Its president is Peter Weinberger

Advance Local web sites provide local information such as breaking news, local sports, travel destinations, weather, dining, bar guides and health and fitness.

Advance Publications
Advance Publications, Inc. is a privately held American media company owned by the families of Donald Newhouse and Samuel Irving Newhouse Jr., the sons of company founder Samuel Irving Newhouse Sr. It owns publishing-related companies including American City Business Journals, MLive Media Group, and Condé Nast, and is a major shareholder in Charter Communications (13% ownership), Reddit (30% ownership), and Warner Bros. Discovery (3.97% ownership).
Clarksons Travel Group
Clarksons Travel Group was a pioneering package tour operator in the UK during the 1960s and early 1970s.  Its founder, in 1959 as Clarksons Tours, a subsidiary of the long-established City firm of H. Clarkson shipbrokers, was Tom Gullick, a former flag lieutenant in the Royal Navy.

The company was immensely successful but ran into financial difficulties and in 1972 was taken over by its major supplier of air travel, Court Line. However, after two years, on 15 August 1974, Court Line collapsed, taking down Clarksons with at least £7m owing to 100,000 holidaymakers and possibly twice as much.

Secretary of State for Business and Trade
The secretary of state for business and trade (business secretary), is a secretary of state in the Government of the United Kingdom, with responsibility for the Department for Business and Trade. The incumbent is a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom.

The incumbent business secretary is Peter Kyle who was appointed by Keir Starmer on 5 September 2025.
The secretary of state is shadowed by the shadow secretary of state for business and trade, currently Andrew Griffith since 2024.
Pointe aux Cannon Battery
The Pointe aux Canons Battery (French pronunciation: [pwɛ̃t o kanɔ̃]) was a fort on the island of Saint Pierre in Saint Pierre and Miquelon built by the French to defend the islands from British attacks in 1690–1713. The 6 cannon battery was destroyed by the British in 1702.

The old cannon battery was replaced in the 19th century to defend the islands during the Crimean War. The Pointe aux Canons Lighthouse is located near the old fort site.

Four cannons now sit in a park near the site of the old fort, but traces of fort have disappeared with the development of the town.

Saint Pierre Island
Saint Pierre Island, also spelt as Saint-Pierre Island, is one of the three main islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon. It contains the town of Saint-Pierre, which lies on the island's east coast and is the main population centre of the island group. It is part of an overseas collectivity of France, and is located near the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador.
Kenkichi Ueda
Kenkichi Ueda (植田 謙吉, Ueda Kenkichi; 8 March 1875 – 11 September 1962) was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army during the Second Sino-Japanese War. He played an active role in the Soviet-Japanese Border Wars of the late 1930s.

Yoshinori Shirakawa
Baron Yoshinori Shirakawa  (白川 義則, Shirakawa Yoshinori; January 24, 1869 – May 26, 1932) was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army. He died from injuries caused by a bomb set by Korean independence activist Yun Bong-gil in Shanghai.
Fencing at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Women's sabre
These are the results of the women's sabre competition in fencing at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. A total of 24 women competed in this event. Competition took place in the Fencing Hall at the Helliniko Olympic Complex on August 17.

Fencing at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Fencing at the 2004 Summer Olympics took place at the Fencing Hall at the Hellinikon Olympic Complex. Ten gold medals were awarded in individual and team events, further divided into three styles of fencing: épée, foil and sabre.

Fencing is one of the few sports that have been featured in every modern Olympic Games, and for the first time female competitors competed individually using the sabre. The Lexan window mask, showing the athletes' faces, was used for the first time at these Olympics.
Cyclohexanehexone
Cyclohexanehexone, also known as hexaketocyclohexane and triquinoyl, is an organic compound with formula C6O6, the sixfold ketone of cyclohexane. It is an oxide of carbon (an oxocarbon), a hexamer of carbon monoxide.

The compound is expected to be highly unstable, even less stable than the cyclohexanehexathione analog, and as of 1999 had only been observed as an ionized fragment during mass spectrometry studies.

Cyclohexane
Cyclohexane is a cycloalkane with the molecular formula C6H12. Cyclohexane is non-polar. Cyclohexane is a colourless, flammable liquid with a distinctive detergent-like odor, reminiscent of cleaning products (in which it is sometimes used). Cyclohexane is mainly used for the industrial production of adipic acid and caprolactam, which are precursors to nylon.

Cyclohexyl (C6H11) is the alkyl substituent of cyclohexane and is abbreviated Cy.
Oregon Jack Provincial Park
Oregon Jack Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada located in the Clear Range west of Ashcroft.  It protects the limestone canyon of Oregon Jack Creek, at the head of which is a waterfall named the Notch, above which is included a wetland area.  The site was an important First Nations site and there are pictographs, culturally modified trees and a site known as the Three Sisters Rock Shelter.

Ashcroft, British Columbia
Ashcroft is a village municipality that straddles the Thompson River in the Thompson Country region of south central British Columbia, Canada. East of BC Highway 1 and on BC Highway 97C, the locality is by road about 45 kilometres (28 mi) north of Spences Bridge and 11 kilometres (7 mi) south of Cache Creek.
Police caution
A police caution is a formal alternative to prosecution in minor cases, administered by the police in England and Wales. It is commonly used to resolve cases where full prosecution is not seen as the most appropriate solution. Accepting a caution requires an admission of guilt.

Hybrid offence
A hybrid offence, dual offence, Crown option offence,  dual procedure offence, offence triable either way,  or wobbler is one of the special class offences in the common law jurisdictions where the case may be prosecuted either summarily or on indictment. In the United States, an alternative misdemeanor/felony offense (colloquially known as a wobbler) lists both county jail (misdemeanor sentence) and state prison (felony sentence) as possible punishment, for example, for theft.
Territorial evolution of New Mexico
The area currently occupied by the U.S. State of New Mexico has undergone numerous changes in occupancy and territorial claims and designations. This geographic chronology traces the territorial evolution of New Mexico.

District of Louisiana
The District of Louisiana, or Louisiana District, was an official and temporary United States government designation for the portion of the Louisiana Purchase that had not been organized into the Territory of Orleans or "Orleans Territory" (the portion of the Louisiana Purchase south of the 33rd parallel, which is now the Arkansas–Louisiana state line). The district officially existed from March 10, 1804, until July 4, 1805, when it was organized as the Louisiana Territory.

The area north of present-day Arkansas was commonly referred to as Upper Louisiana. The United States District of Louisiana had two incarnations: first, as a federally administered military district (March 10, 1804  - September 30, 1804); then as an organized territory (October 1, 1804 – July 4, 1805) under the jurisdiction of the Indiana Territory.

A similarly named "Louisiana District" had also previously been an administrative division under Spanish and French rule.
Type 053 frigate
The Type 053 is a family of Chinese frigates that served with the People's Liberation Army Navy Surface Force, and a small number of foreign navies.

Nomenclature for Chinese warships was temporarily changed during the Cultural Revolution, and some subclasses gained different NATO reporting names.

Type 051 destroyer
The Type 051 destroyer (NATO/OSD Luda-class destroyer) was a class of guided missile destroyers based on the hull of the Soviet Neustrashimy-class destroyer deployed by China. It was the first guided missile destroyer fielded by the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN), and the first designed and built in China. 17 were built from 1970 to 1990; it was not until the 21st century that China would again build a class in such large numbers.

NATO/OSD broadly grouped variants from refits and newer construction under the Luda I, Luda II, Luda III, and Luda IV classes.
Tina George
Tina George (born November 5, 1978) is a retired American freestyle wrestler who won a gold medal at the 2003 Pan American Games. She was second at the 2002 and 2003 world championships, both times losing to Saori Yoshida.

George stopped competing after the 2008 U.S. Olympic Trials, and served 18 months with the U.S. Army in Iraq, where she was seriously wounded. She made a brief comeback for the 2012 U.S. Olympic Trials, and retired for good on April 22, 2014.

Saori Yoshida
Saori Yoshida (吉田 沙保里, Yoshida Saori; born 5 October 1982) is a Japanese former freestyle wrestler. Starting in 1998, she won almost every major competition, including three Olympic Games, four Asian Games, and 13 world championships, and became the most decorated athlete in freestyle wrestling history. As of 2016, Yoshida had only three senior career losses in international competitions, to Marcie Van Dusen (0–2) on 20 January 2008 at the Team World Cup series, Valeria Zholobova (1–2) on 27 May 2012 at the World Cup, and to Helen Maroulis (1–4) on 18 August 2016 at the Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro.

Yoshida was the flagbearer for Japan at the 2006 Asian Games and at the 2012 Olympics. In 2007, she became the first female wrestler to be named Japanese Athlete of the Year, and in 2012 she received the People's Honour Award.
Lissajous knot
In knot theory, a Lissajous knot is a knot defined by parametric equations of the form

where , , and  are integers and the phase shifts , , and  may be any real numbers.

The projection of a Lissajous knot onto any of the three coordinate planes is a Lissajous curve, and many of the properties of these knots are closely related to properties of Lissajous curves.

Replacing the cosine function in the parametrization by a triangle wave transforms every Lissajous
knot isotopically into a billiard curve inside a cube, the simplest case of so-called billiard knots.
Billiard knots can also be studied in other domains, for instance in a cylinder or in a (flat) solid torus (Lissajous-toric knot).

Knot (mathematics)
In mathematics, a knot is an embedding of the circle (S1)  into three-dimensional Euclidean space, R3 (also known as E3).  Often two knots are considered equivalent if they are ambient isotopic, that is, if there exists a continuous deformation of R3 which takes one knot to the other.

A crucial difference between the standard mathematical and conventional notions of a knot is that mathematical knots are closed — there are no ends to tie or untie on a mathematical knot. Physical properties such as friction and thickness also do not apply, although there are mathematical definitions of a knot that take such properties into account. The term knot is also applied to embeddings of S j in Sn, especially in the case j = n − 2. The branch of mathematics that studies knots is known as knot theory and has many relations to graph theory.
Trophies of Damascus
Trophies of Damascus, or alternatively Trophies Framed against Jews in Damascus, was a 7th-century anti-Jewish dialogue written around 681 A.D. in Damascus. Detailed inside are four discussions surrounding various theological issues, as well as a dialogue between a Jewish stylite and a Chalcedonian - the second dialogue is referred to as the "Bonwetsch Dialogue" by some scholars. After the dialogues, there is disarray among the Jews, with some saying, "By the Law I think we are wrong".

Trophies of Damascus has been discovered in fragments inside a palimpsest in Vienna; however, the full text is only preserved in the Bibliothèque Nationale de France Parisinus Coislianus 299 along with other anti-Jewish works such as the Doctrina Jacobi and an extended version of Dialogue of Timothy and Aquila Because Damascus was under Arab rule at this time, some scholars suggest that the Jews are actually a cipher for the Arabs.

Doctrina Jacobi
The Doctrina Jacobi is a Greek Christian polemical tract set in Carthage and written in Syria Palaestina. The composition of the document is generally dated to 634 or shortly afterwards.

It supposedly records a weeks-long discussion ending on July 13, 634, among Jews who have been forcibly baptized by order of the emperor. One of them, Jacob, has come to believe sincerely in Christianity; he instructs the rest about why they should also sincerely embrace their new faith. Halfway through, a Jewish merchant named Justus arrives and challenges Jacob to a debate. In the end, all of the participants are persuaded to embrace Christianity, and Jacob and Justus return east. In addition to several partial Greek manuscripts, the text survives in Latin, Arabic, Ethiopic and Slavonic translations.
Estádio dos Kurikutelas
Estádio dos Kuricutelas, inaugurated in 23 October 1947 as Estádio do Ferroviário de Nova Lisboa, is a multi-use stadium in Huambo, Angola.  It is owned by Ferroviário do Huambo and is currently used mostly for football matches, on club level by J.G.M. of the Girabola. The stadium has a capacity of 8,000 spectators.

Kurikutelas has been the venue of several international matches.

J.G.M. A.S.C. Huambo
Jorge Gomes Mangrinha Académica Sport Clube do Huambo best known as JGM is an Angolan sports club from the city of Huambo, in the namesake southern province.
In 2016, the club participated for the second consecutive time in the Gira Angola (Angola's second division championship), after winning the Huambo province football championship.

The club is named after its owner, Angolan businessman Jorge Gomes Mangrinha.
Patasola magdalenae
Patasola is an extinct genus of New World monkeys from the Middle Miocene (Laventan in the South American land mammal ages; 13.8 to 11.8 Ma). Its remains have been found at the Konzentrat-Lagerstätte of La Venta in the Honda Group of Colombia. The type species is Patasola magdalenae.

Walter Hartwig
Walter Carl Hartwig is an American anthropologist, paleontologist, anatomy professor and author in the San Francisco Bay Area. In July 2020 he became Director of Enrollment Management and Student Success at Touro University California's College of Osteopathic Medicine, where he has served professionally for 25 years.

Walter Hartwig graduated summa cum laude in anthropology at the University of Missouri in 1986.  He undertook graduate work in biological anthropology under the late Francis Clark Howell at the University of California at Berkeley in 1986, where he developed an interest in South American monkeys.
Moel Oernant
Moel Oernant is a 503-metre (1,650 ft) high hill in the community of Trawsfynydd in the county of Gwynedd in North Wales. It has a number of western tops, the highest of which reaches a height of 466 metres (1,529 ft) overlooking the waterbody known as Llyn Gelli-Gain and another at Frîdd Wen exceeds 410 metres (1,350 ft). To the south of the lake is the top of Pîg Idris which reaches 429m. The minor top of Y-Foel attains 430m to the northeast of Moel Oernant.

Trawsfynydd
Trawsfynydd (Welsh pronunciation: [trausˈvənɨ̞ð]; Welsh for 'across [the] mountain') is a linear village in Gwynedd, Wales, near Llyn Trawsfynydd reservoir, and adjacent to the A470 north of Bronaber and Dolgellau and 10 km (6 miles) south of Blaenau Ffestiniog. It also neighbours the towns of Porthmadog and Bala.

The total community area is 12,010 hectares (46.4 square miles) with a population of only 973. The area is sparsely populated with each hectare (acre) inhabited by an average 0.07 (0.03) persons. The community includes the sub-regions of Bronaber, Cwm Prysor and Abergeirw, in addition to the village itself.

Within the village, more than 81% population are fluent Welsh speakers; it is one of the top five Welsh-speaking communities in Gwynedd.
Legal defense fund
In the United States, a legal defense fund (or LDF) is an account set up to pay for legal expenses, which can include attorneys' fees, court filings, litigation costs, legal advice, or other legal fees.  The fund can be public or private and is set up for individuals, organizations, or for a particular purpose. These funds are often used by government public officials, civil rights organizations, and public interest organizations.

Legal defense funds often have large membership counts where the members contribute to the fund.  The fund sometimes is or operates like a law firm, where teams of attorneys provide legal services through litigation.  Contrary to the name, attorneys working for legal defense funds both file and defend lawsuit. Unlike legal financing from legal financing companies, legal defense funds provide a separate account for litigation rather than a one-time cash advancement, though both are used for purposes of financing litigation and legal costs.

Attorney's fee
Attorney's fee is a chiefly United States term for compensation for legal services performed by an attorney (lawyer or law firm) for a client, in or out of court.

Fees may be an hourly, flat-rate or contingent fee. Recent studies suggest that when lawyers charge a flat-fee rather than billing by the hour, they work less hard on behalf of clients and clients get worse outcomes.

Attorney fees are separate from fines, compensatory and punitive damages, and (except in Nevada) from court costs in a legal case. Under the "American rule", attorney fees are usually not paid by the losing party to the winning party in a case, except pursuant to specific statutory or contractual rights.
Agon Channel
Agon Channel was a private television station from Tirana, Albania, launched on 5 April 2013 by Italian businessman Francesco Becchetti. The Italian version of Agon Channel was launched on 1 December 2014 on the Italian digital terrestrial television network with channel slot 33, as a sister channel of the Albanian Agon Channel. Agon was available in two languages; Albanian and Italian. Italian celebrities such as Simona Ventura, Pupo, Maddalena Corvaglia and Sabrina Ferilli were associated with the station along with Albanian personalities such as Sonila Meço from Vizion Plus, Adi Krasta and Saimir Kodra from Top Channel, Gentian Zenelaj, Mimoza Picari and Menada Zaimi.

Agon Channel shut down on 10 October 2015. Francesco Becchetti, the owner of the channel and his mother, Liliana Condomitti were accused and wanted for money laundering. Francesco Becchetti's assets were frozen, and Agon Channel was unable to continue which led to the channel's shutdown.

Vizion Plus
Vizion Plus is a national Albanian privately owned television channel established in September 16, 1999 in Tirana, Albania. The channel started as a local station and a few years later began broadcasting nationwide.
Spaulder
Spaulders are pieces of armour in a harness of plate armour.  Typically, they are a single plate of steel or iron covering the shoulder with bands (lames) joined by straps of leather or rivets. By the 1450s, however, they were often attached to the upper cannon or rerebrace, a feature that continued into the 16th century.

Lame (armor)
A lame is a solid piece of sheet metal used as a component of a larger section of plate armor used in Europe during the medieval period. It is used in armors to provide articulations or the joining of the armor elements. The size is usually small with a narrow and rectangular shape. Multiple lames are riveted together or connected by leather straps or cloth lacing to form an articulated piece of armor that provides flexible protection. The armor worn by the samurai class of feudal Japan used lames in the construction of many of their individual armor parts. The Japanese term is ita, which can both refer to the lame or its borderings.