hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lely method
The Lely method, also known as the Lely process or Lely technique, is a crystal growth technology based on physical vapor deposition, used for producing silicon carbide crystals for the semiconductor industry.

The patent for this method was filed in the Netherlands in 1954 and in the United States in 1955 by Jan Anthony Lely of Philips Electronics. The patent was subsequently granted on 30 September 1958, then was refined by D. R. Hamilton et al. in 1960, and by V. P. Novikov and V. I. Ionov in 1968.

Crystal growth
Crystal growth is a major stage of a crystallization process, and consists of the addition of new atoms, ions, or polymer strings into the characteristic arrangement of the crystalline lattice. The growth typically follows an initial stage of either homogeneous or heterogeneous (surface catalyzed) nucleation, unless a "seed" crystal, purposely added to start the growth, was already present.

The action of crystal growth yields a crystalline solid whose atoms or molecules are close packed, with fixed positions in space relative to each other.
The crystalline state of matter is characterized by a distinct structural rigidity and very high resistance to deformation (i.e. changes of shape and/or volume). Most crystalline solids have high values both of Young's modulus and of the shear modulus of elasticity. This contrasts with most liquids or fluids, which have a low shear modulus, and typically exhibit the capacity for macroscopic viscous flow.
Vaulerent barn
The Vaulerent or Vaulerand barn is a former Monastic barn in Villeron, on the French plain in eastern Val-d'Oise.

From the 11th century onwards, it was a farm belonging to the Chaalis Abbey. Almost 800 years later, the barn still serves this agricultural function. Operated directly by the Royal Cistercian Abbey and its lay monks until 1315, it was then leased out. It remained the property of the royal abbey until 1791 when it was sold as biens nationaux.

The current complex includes a storage building, the barn, which dates back to the 13th century. Measuring 72 meters in length, it is one of the most imposing Cistercian farm buildings in France. The barn was listed as a historic monument in 1889; the dovecote, the well and the cellars were listed as historic monuments on February 20, 1990.

Lay brother
Lay brother is an outdated term which referred to a male member of a religious order who has not been ordained as priests. The term was particularly used in the Catholic Church. Lay brothers were distinguished from choir monks or friars in that they did not pray in choir, and from clerics, in that they did not prepare for holy orders. This specific definition is no longer applied by the Catholic Church.

Lay brothers played a crucial role in maintaining the upkeep of facilities, performing community service work, and providing technical and administrative expertise to assist with the mission of their order, while clerics typically focus on preaching, liturgy, and leadership.

In religious institutes for women, the equivalent term was lay sister. Lay brothers were originally created to allow those who were skilled in particular crafts or did not have the required education to study for holy orders to participate in and contribute to the life of a religious order.
Blue River Conference
The Blue River Conference was an IHSAA-sanctioned conference that originally began as the Crawford County Conference. The small membership decided to join with schools from neighboring Harrison and Perry counties in 1959, changing to the Blue River Conference moniker. Originally consisting of smaller schools in the area, but as member schools consolidated mostly with each other, the schools became larger while the membership shrank. The only two non-consolidation additions were North Central in 1962, and Cannelton in 1974. Membership had shrunk to five schools in 1976 when four schools combined to form Crawford County. The discrepancy in size between the schools caused its demise in 1979, as the schools moved to the Patoka Lake, Southern, and Three Rivers conferences.

Southern Athletic Conference of Indiana
The Southern Athletic Conference is an IHSAA-sanctioned athletic located within Clark, Harrison, and Jackson Counties in South Central Indiana. The conference began in 1974 as a four school conference, and grew to eight members within five years as other local conferences disbanded. The conference has lost two schools in the years since; both left for the Mid-Southern Conference. The Southern also had schools that had dual membership in other conferences at the same time, though by 1986, all of these schools entered full membership with a sole conference.
Vikramjit Singh Rooprai
Vikramjit Singh Rooprai (born 10 February 1983) is an Indian author, educator, and heritage activist. He started his career as a software engineer and later became a digital marketing consultant. He left his full time IT job in 2015, and became an educator, establishing heritage labs in schools and training teachers on how to use history to teach various subjects. His first book Delhi Heritage: Top 10 Baolis, dedicated to the stepwells of Delhi, is published by Niyogi Books.

Baolis of Mehrauli
The Baolis of Mehrauli are four stepwells approached through single stage or three stage steps, located in Mehrauli in Delhi, India, in the Mehrauli Archaeological Park mainlined by the Archaeological Survey of India. These are the Anangtal Baoli, the Gandhak Ki Baoli, and the Rajon Ki Baoli. These were built below the ground level as ground water edifices and were built near shrines in medieval times.
Petteri Lindbohm
Petteri Lindbohm (born September 23, 1993 in Vantaa, Finland) is a Finnish professional ice hockey defenceman currently playing for HIFK of the Liiga. He has previously played with Lausanne HC and EHC Biel of the National League (NL), Jokerit of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL), and with the St. Louis Blues and Florida Panthers of the National Hockey League (NHL). The Blues selected him in the 6th round (176th overall) of the 2012 NHL Entry Draft.

Lausanne HC
Lausanne Hockey Club is a professional ice hockey team based in Lausanne, Switzerland. The team competes in the National League (NL), the highest league in Switzerland. The team plays its home games in the 10,000-seat Vaudoise Aréna.
Huw Merriman
Huw William Merriman (born 13 July 1973) is a British politician who served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Bexhill and Battle in East Sussex from 2015 to 2024. A member of the Conservative Party, he served as Minister of State for Rail and HS2 from October 2022 until July 2024. He previously chaired the Transport Select Committee between January 2020 and October 2022. Prior to his parliamentary career, Merriman was a barrister and a local councillor.

Transport Select Committee
The Transport Select Committee is a select committee of the House of Commons in the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The remit of the committee is to examine the expenditure, administration and policy of the Department for Transport and its associated public bodies. Its powers, like those of other select committees, are provided for under standing order 152 of the Standing Orders of the House of Commons and its membership is limited to 11 members.
Thomas Hartley Montgomery
Sub-Inspector Thomas Hartley Montgomery (c. 1842 – 26 August 1873, Omagh, Ireland) was a senior official of the Royal Irish Constabulary. He is the only police officer in Irish history to receive the death penalty for murder.

Omagh
Omagh (/ˈoʊmə, ˈoʊmɑː/; from Irish: An Ómaigh [ənˠ ˈoːmˠiː], meaning 'the virgin plain') is the county town of County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It is situated where the rivers Drumragh and Camowen meet to form the Strule. Northern Ireland's capital city, Belfast, is 68 miles (109.5 km) to the east of Omagh, and Derry is 34 miles (55 km) to the north.

The town had a population of 20,458 at the 2021 census. At the time of 2011 census, the former district council, which was the largest in County Tyrone, had a population of 51,356. Omagh contains the headquarters of the Western Education and Library Board, and also houses offices for the Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs at Sperrin House, the Department for Infrastructure and the Northern Ireland Roads Service at the Tyrone County Hall and the Northern Ireland Land & Property Services at Boaz House.
Ilsan
Ilsan New Town (Korean: 일산신도시) refers to a planned city occupying Ilsandong District and Ilsanseo District of Goyang.

Ilsan is located northwest of Seoul. Like other satellite cities in the Seoul National Capital Area such as Bundang, Ilsan was planned in order to alleviate housing shortages in the city of Seoul.  Ilsan has experienced phenomenal growth since 1992, usually drawing in younger generations of upper-middle-class and upper-class Koreans.

Ilsan's total population (Ilsandong and Ilsanseo Districts combined) is 577,023 as of 2024.

Bundang
Bundang (Korean: 분당) is a planned community in Bundang District, Seongnam, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. It was developed to encourage affordable housing and urban decentralization. The community has a sports complex, a park and a youth center.
Fossan
Fossan is a village in Selbu Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) north of the municipal center of Mebonden, across the lake Selbusjøen. Fossan is located about halfway between the villages of Selbustrand and Tømra.

Mebonden
Mebonden is the administrative centre of Selbu Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located at the eastern end of the lake Selbusjøen at the mouth of the Nea River. The villages of Vikvarvet, Hyttbakken, Innbygda, and Trøa surround the urban village of Mebonden. The 12th century Selbu Church is located in Mebonden.

The 1.4-square-kilometre (350-acre) village has a population (2024) of 1,112 and a population density of 794 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,060/sq mi).
Alex O'Hanlon
Alex O'Hanlon (born 24 April 1996) is an Irish professional footballer who plays for St Mochta's in the Leinster Senior League. He has previously played for Liverpool, St Patrick's Athletic, Glentoran, Shelbourne & Wexford.

Leinster Senior League (association football)
The Leinster Senior League is an association football league organised by the Leinster Football Association. The Leinster Senior League operates 22 divisions, 12 of which are played on Saturdays, with 10 divisions played on Sundays. It also organises 17 different cup competitions. Its Senior Division is on the third level of the Republic of Ireland football league system.

Leinster Senior League teams also compete in the Leinster Senior Cup, the FAI Cup, the FAI Intermediate Cup and the FAI Junior Cup. In recent seasons the winners of the Senior Division have also qualified to play in the League of Ireland Cup. The vast majority of its member clubs are based in the Greater Dublin Area.
Megan Ward
Megan Ward (born September 24, 1969) is an American actress. She is best known for her numerous credits in science fiction and horror movies and television series. In 2007, she joined the cast of the American daytime drama General Hospital as Kate Howard. She also appeared in the 1990s comedies Encino Man, Freaked, PCU, The Brady Bunch Movie, and Joe's Apartment.

Encino Man
Encino Man (also known as California Man in Europe) is a 1992 American fantasy comedy film directed by Les Mayfield in his directorial debut. The film stars Sean Astin, with a supporting cast of Brendan Fraser, Mariette Hartley, Richard Masur and Pauly Shore.  In the film, two teenagers discover and thaw a frozen caveman, who has to adjust to 20th-century society while teaching them life lessons of his own.

The film was released on May 22, 1992, by Buena Vista Pictures Distribution (under its Hollywood Pictures label). Despite negative reviews, Encino Man was a box-office success, grossing $40.7 million worldwide on a $7 million budget. Today it is considered a cult classic.

A TV movie sequel, Encino Woman, was released in 1996.
Mos shko
"Mos shko" (Albanian pronunciation: [mɔs ʃkɔ]; transl. Don't go) is a song by Kosovar singer and songwriter Dafina Zeqiri featuring Kosovar singer Yll Limani released as a single on 27 December 2020 by Bzzz Entertainment and Moneyz.  "Mos shko" was written by Zeqiri and Albanian singer and songwriter Elinel, and produced by Albanian producer Rzon. An official music video was uploaded simultaneously with the single's release onto YouTube also being awarded the "Best Image In The Clip" at the 2021 Netët e Klipit Shqiptar gala.

Netët e Klipit Shqiptar
The Albanian Videoclip Festival (Albanian:Netet e Klipit Shqiptar) is an Albanian music awards event honoring the best of Albanian music videos from the Albanian diaspora. It made its debut in 2002 and ever since has been broadcast on all the main Albanian TV outlets around the Balkans. The event is based in Tirana, Albania and produced by DeliArt Association.
Flora Redoumi
Flora Redoumi (Greek: Φλώρα Ρεντούμη; born 11 September 1976) is a Greek hurdler and she was born in Athens.

She finished fifth at the 2002 European Indoor Championships, seventh at the 2004 IAAF World Indoor Championships and seventh at the 2006 IAAF World Cup.

Her personal best time is 12,86 seconds, which ranks her second among Greek 100 m hurdlers of all time, only behind Paraskevi Patoulidou (12.64).

Voula Patoulidou
Paraskevi ("Voula") Patoulidou (Greek: Παρασκευή (Βούλα) Πατουλίδου; born 29 March 1965) is a Greek former athlete and politician. Born in Tripotamo (part of Florina prefecture), Patoulidou throughout her athletics career competed in the 100 metres, 100 metres hurdles and in the long jump events. In 1992, she was the surprise winner of the Women's 100 m hurdles race at the Olympic Games in Barcelona, and she was voted the Best Balkan Athlete that same year. She was named the Greek Female Athlete of the Year for 1990 and 1992.

Her spouse was Dimitrios Zarzavatsidis. She served as the Deputy Regional Governor of Thessaloniki in the Region of Central Macedonia from 2014 to 2024.
To the Highest Bidder
To the Highest Bidder is a lost 1918 silent film drama  directed by Tom Terriss and starring Alice Joyce. It was produced by the Vitagraph Company of America and distributed by a releasing company V-L-S-E.

Alice Joyce
Alice Joyce Brown (née Joyce; October 1, 1890 – October 9, 1955) was an American actress who appeared in more than 200 films during the 1910s and 1920s. She is known for her roles in the 1923 film The Green Goddess and its 1930 remake of the same name.
The Voice Kids (Russian TV series) season 2
The second season of the Russian reality talent show The Voice Kids premiered on February 13, 2015 on Channel One. Dima Bilan, Pelageya and Maxim Fadeev returned as coaches. Dmitry Nagiev returned as the show's presenter, Anastasiya Chevazhevskaya replaced Natalia Vodianova as a co-presenter.

Sabina Mustaeva was announced the winner on April 17, 2015, marking Maxim Fadeev's second win as a coach, thus expanding his winning streak to two seasons in a row. Sabina became the first participant to win, getting to the Final from the new Live Extra round (Maxim Fadeev didn't choose her after The Sing-offs). All finalists getting to the Final from the Live Extra round.

Pelageya
Pelageya Sergeyevna Khanova (Russian: Пелаге́я Серге́евна Ха́нова), born Polina Sergeyevna Smirnova (born 14 July 1986), known mononymously as Pelageya, is а Russian singer. She sings folk-songs from different nations in different languages, romances and compositions written by the members of her group, mostly in rock arrangements. Honored Artists of the Russian Federation (2018).
Olmediella
Olmediella is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Salicaceae. It consists of one species of trees: Olmediella betschleriana, which is native to Central America. Formerly placed in the heterogeneous family Flacourtiaceae, Olmediella is now classified in Salicaceae, along with close relatives Bennettiodendron, Carrierea, Idesia, Itoa, Macrohasseltia, Poliothyrsis, and even the willows (Salix) and cottonwoods (Populus) themselves.

Olmediella has a number of features that point to its close relationship to the willows (Salix), including flowers subtended by prominent bracts, flowers with a highly reduced calyx, and nectaries located next to each stamen or pistil. Its sometimes spiny-margined leaves, though, are unlike those of any Salix, and some early botanists even included the species in the genus Ilex.

Poliothyrsis
Poliothyrsis is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the willow family Salicaceae (although placed formerly in the now defunct family Flacourtiaceae (within which it is usually to be found listed in older works of reference)). The single arborescent species is Poliothyrsis sinensis, Chinese common name: 山拐枣 shān guǎi zǎo  English common name: Chinese pearl-bloom tree
McNally Jackson
McNally Jackson Books is an independent bookstore in New York City owned and operated since 2004 by Sarah McNally. The company operates five stores across the city in Soho, Rockefeller Center, Seaport, Downtown Brooklyn, and Williamsburg, as well as three stationery stores called Goods for the Study. McNally Jackson's publishing arm is McNally Editions, devoted to rediscovering unduly neglected books. In 2025, New York magazine called McNally Jackson "likely the third-largest buyer of books in the city, after only Barnes & Noble and the Strand."

Strand Bookstore
40°44′00″N 73°59′27″W﻿ / ﻿40.7333°N 73.9908°W﻿ / 40.7333; -73.9908

The Strand Bookstore is an independent bookstore located at 828 Broadway, at the corner of East 12th Street in the East Village neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City, two blocks south of Union Square. There are additional locations at Lincoln Center and on the Upper West Side, as well as kiosks in Central Park and Times Square, and a curated shelf at Moynihan Train Hall. The company's slogan is "18 Miles Of Books," as featured on its stickers, T-shirts, and other merchandise. In 2016, The New York Times called The Strand "the undisputed king of the city’s independent bookstores."
The End of the Affair
The End of the Affair is a 1951 novel by British author Graham Greene, as well as the title of two feature films (released in 1955 and 1999) that were adapted from the novel. Set in London during and just after the Second World War, the novel examines the obsessions, jealousy and discernments within the relationships between three central characters: writer Maurice Bendrix; Sarah Miles; and her husband, civil servant Henry Miles.

Graham Greene's own affair with Catherine Walston formed the basis for The End of the Affair. The British edition of the novel is dedicated to "C" while the American version is made out to "Catherine". Greene's own house at 14 Clapham Common Northside was bombed during the Blitz.

The End of the Affair is the fourth and final of Greene's "Catholic novels" tetralogy, following Brighton Rock (1938), The Power and the Glory (1940), and The Heart of the Matter (1948).

Brighton Rock (novel)
Brighton Rock is a novel by Graham Greene, published in 1938 and later adapted for film and theatre. The novel is a murder thriller set in 1930s Brighton. The first of Greene's works to explore Catholic themes and moral issues, its treatment of class privilege and the problem of evil is paradoxical and ambivalent.
Hoo Anthiya Uhoo Anthiya
Hoo Anthiya Uhoo Anthiya is a 2001 Indian Kannada-language romantic drama film directed by K. Praveen Nayak and produced by N. Bharathi Devi. The film stars Ramesh Aravind, Isha Koppikar and Anu Prabhakar.

The film was released on 13 April 2001 to generally positive reviews from critics who lauded the lead actors performance. Karthik Raja made his debut in Kannada cinema through this film.

Karthik Raja
Karthik Raja (born 29 June 1973) is an Indian composer and playback singer, who predominantly works in Tamil films, apart from a few Hindi films. He made his debut as a film composer in the film Pandiyan (1992) and is predominantely and known for his work in the late 1990s and early 2000s.
Vincent van Gogh (Russell)
Vincent van Gogh is an 1886 oil on canvas portrait painting by Australian artist John Russell. It depicts Dutch artist Vincent van Gogh, who befriended Russell after meeting him at Fernand Cormon's atelier in Paris, which they both attended. Painted in a realist and academic manner, the portrait shows hints of the impressionist techniques that Russell and Van Gogh began experimenting with in the latter half of the 1880s.

It is the earliest of three portraits painted of Van Gogh from life by his contemporaries, the other two being Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec's Portrait of Vincent van Gogh (1887) and Paul Gauguin's The Painter of Sunflowers (1888). Van Gogh seems to have been particularly attached to Russell's portrait, which the Australian gifted to him as a mark of their friendship. The painting passed from Van Gogh to his brother Theo, then to their family, and is now in the permanent collection of the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam.

Van Gogh Museum
The Van Gogh Museum (Dutch pronunciation: [vɑŋˈɣɔx mʏˌzeːjʏm]) is a Dutch art museum dedicated to the works of Vincent van Gogh and his contemporaries in the Museum Square in Amsterdam South, close to the Stedelijk Museum, the Rijksmuseum, and the Concertgebouw. The museum opened on 2 June 1973, and its buildings were designed by Gerrit Rietveld and Kisho Kurokawa.

The museum contains the largest collection of Van Gogh's paintings and drawings in the world. In 2017, the museum had 2.3 million visitors and was the most-visited museum in the Netherlands, and the 23rd-most-visited art museum in the world. In 2019, the Van Gogh Museum launched the Meet Vincent Van Gogh Experience, a technology-driven "immersive exhibition" on Van Gogh's life and works, which has toured globally.
Hubble–Reynolds law
The Hubble–Reynolds law models the surface brightness of elliptical galaxies as

Where  is the surface brightness at radius ,  is the central brightness, and  is the radius at which the surface brightness is diminished by a factor of 1/4. It is asymptotically similar to the De Vaucouleurs' law which is a special case of the Sersic profile for elliptical galaxies.

The law is named for the astronomers Edwin Hubble and John Henry Reynolds. It was first formulated by Reynolds in 1913 from his observations of galaxies (then still known as nebulae). It was later re-derived by Hubble in 1930 specifically in observations of elliptical galaxies.

De Vaucouleurs's law
In astronomy, de Vaucouleurs's law, also known as the de Vaucouleurs profile or de Vaucouleurs model, describes how the surface brightness  of an elliptical galaxy varies as a function of apparent distance  from the center of the galaxy:

By defining Re as the radius of the isophote containing half of the total luminosity of the galaxy, the half-light radius, de Vaucouleurs profile may be expressed as:

or

where Ie is the surface brightness at Re. This can be confirmed by noting

De Vaucouleurs model is a special case of Sersic's model, with a Sersic index of n = 4. A number of (internal) density profiles that approximately reproduce de Vaucouleurs's law after projection onto the plane of the sky include Jaffe's model and Dehnen's model.

The model is named after Gérard de Vaucouleurs who first formulated it in 1948.  Although an empirical model rather than a law of physics, it was so entrenched in astronomy during the 20th century that it was referred to as a "law".