hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
USS Hornet (1775)
USS Hornet was a 10-gun sloop-of-war of the Continental Navy. She was chartered from Captain William Stone in December 1775 to serve under Stone in Commodore Esek Hopkins. The voyage would be the first military action for master's mate Joshua Barney. The vessel was damaged while sailing with the fleet and returned to base. Hornet patrolled Delaware Bay until being captured on 27 April 1777 by the Royal Navy. Hornet was taken to Jamaica, where the ship was found to be leaking and was condemned.

Esek Hopkins
Commodore Esek Hopkins (April 26, 1718 – February 26, 1802) was a Continental Navy officer and privateer. He served as the only commander-in-chief of the Continental Navy during the American Revolutionary War, when the Continental Congress appointed him to the position in December 1775. Hopkins is known for carrying out the successful raid of Nassau in the Bahamas, which captured large amounts of military supplies. His legacy today has become controversial due to Hopkins' involvement in the Atlantic slave trade and for torturing British prisoners of war.
Firehose of falsehood
The firehose of falsehood, also known as firehosing, is a propaganda technique in which a large number of messages are broadcast rapidly, repetitively, and continuously over multiple channels (like news and social media) without regard for truth or consistency. The firehose of falsehood is a contemporary model for Russian propaganda under Russian President Vladimir Putin.

Though similar in some ways, the American tactic of "flooding the zone" with misleading or false statements is distinct from firehosing in that flooding involves pushing out initiatives and policies at an overwhelming rate, rather than specifically falsehoods. The tactics may be combined.

While difficult to counter, the German Marshall Fund, RAND, and military strategists have described techniques to respond to the firehose of falsehood, generally involving preempting it with good information, strategically reducing or removing misinformation, and teaching digital literacy.

German Marshall Fund
The German Marshall Fund of the United States (GMF) is a non-partisan American public policy think tank that seeks to promote cooperation and understanding between North America and the European Union.

Founded in 1972, through a gift from the West German government on the 25th anniversary of the Marshall Plan, GMF contributes research and analysis on transatlantic and global issues; convenes policy and business leaders at international conferences; provides exchange opportunities for emerging American and European leaders; and supports initiatives that can strengthen democracies. GMF focuses on policy, leadership, and civil society.

GMF is headquartered in Washington, D.C., and has offices in Berlin, Brussels, Ankara, Belgrade, Bucharest, Paris, and Warsaw.
Bram de Does
Bram de Does (19 July 1934 – 28 December 2015) was a graphic and type designer. Born in Amsterdam, De Does studied at the Amsterdamse Grafische School in the 1950s. De Does came into contact with the printing trade at an early age, as his father had a printing office in the east of Amsterdam. From 1958 to 1988 he worked, with several intervals, at Joh. Enschedé, a printing office in Haarlem. He worked there primarily as a book designer. De Does was asked by his employer to design a typeface, which was to become Trinité.

Jan van Krimpen
Jan van Krimpen (12 January 1892, in Gouda – 20 October 1958, in Haarlem) was a Dutch typographer, book designer and type designer. He worked for the printing house Koninklijke Joh. Enschedé. He also worked with Monotype in England, that issued or reissued many of his designs outside the Netherlands.

Van Krimpen was a leading figure of international reputation in book printing during his lifetime. He designed books both in the Netherlands and for the Limited Editions Club of New York, amongst others. His work has been described as traditional and classical in style, focusing on simplicity and high quality of book printing.
Melvin Storer
Melvin Tyler Storer (17 April 1921 – 27 December 2003) was an American shipfitter, navy diver and welder who served in the United States Navy Reserve on the USS West Virginia and USS Yarnall. He was aboard the USS California during the Attack on Pearl Harbor during World War II and was reported lost in action before being found as a survivor.

Shipfitter
A shipfitter is a marine occupational classification used both by naval activities and among ship builders; however, the term applies mostly to certain workers at commercial and naval shipyards during the construction or repair phase of a ship.

The term is derived from the words "ship" and "fit" -- essentially, "fitting" parts of the "ship" together.
1978 Malawian general election
General elections were held in Malawi on 29 June 1978. As the country had become a one-party state in 1966, the Malawi Congress Party (MCP) was the sole legal party at the time. However, unlike the two previous elections, in which MCP leader and president for life Hastings Banda had selected a single candidate for each constituency, there was more than one nominated candidate in 47 of the 87 constituencies. As a result, voting took place on election day for the first time since the 1961 elections in what was then the British protectorate of Nyasaland.

All prospective candidates were vetted by Banda after being nominated by MCP committees, and had to declare their allegiance to Banda in order to be allowed to stand. Candidates ran unopposed in 33 of the remaining seats, and seven were left vacant as the candidates failed the English proficiency test. Of the estimated 3,000,000 registered voters, around 371,000 cast votes.

1961 Nyasaland general election
General elections were held for the Legislative Council in Nyasaland in August 1961. The result was a victory for the Malawi Congress Party, which won all 20 lower roll seats (in five of which they were unopposed) and two of the eight higher roll seats.
86th Field Artillery Regiment
The 86th Field Artillery Regiment is a inactive parent field artillery regiment of the United States Army, last represented in the Vermont Army National Guard by the 1st Battalion, 86th Field Artillery Regiment. Perpetuating the Vermont Light Artillery Batteries of the American Civil War and subsequent Vermont artillery units, the regiment was organized following World War II as the 206th Field Artillery Battalion in the Vermont National Guard. The 206th saw active service in Germany with the 43rd Infantry Division during the Korean War, and became the 124th Artillery, a Combat Arms Regimental System parent regiment, in 1959. Represented by the 1st Howitzer Battalion, 124th Artillery, the regiment was renumbered as the 86th Artillery in 1964 when the 1st Battalion became the brigade artillery battalion of the 86th Armored Brigade. The 1st Battalion served in that role with the brigade for much of the rest of its existence.

Vermont Light Artillery Batteries
During the American Civil War in the mid-19th Century, the state of Vermont, United States, contributed 5 artillery units to the Union war effort.

The 1st Vermont Battery Light Artillery, or "Hebard's Battery," served in the Department of the Gulf of Mexico. The 2nd Battery, "Chase's Battery," also served in the Department of the Gulf. The 3rd Battery, "Start's Battery," served in the Eastern Theater with the Army of the Potomac.

The First Vermont Company Heavy Artillery was organized from recruits of the Second Vermont Battery Light Artillery.

The 11th Vermont Infantry was redesignated as the First Heavy Artillery, Eleventh Vermont Volunteers during its time in the defenses of Washington, but is usually grouped as part of the 1st Vermont Brigade.
Bas Sibum
Bas Sibum (born 26 December 1982) is a Dutch professional football manager and former player.

Sibum began his playing career at Emmen before playing for clubs including Twente, Roda JC, NEC, Alemannia Aachen, and Waasland-Beveren. After retiring in 2016, he transitioned into coaching, starting with Emmen's youth teams. In May 2023, he was appointed head coach of Roda JC, leading them to a strong season and earning the Eerste Divisie Manager of the Season award in 2024. He joined Eredivisie club Heracles Almelo in 2025.

Eerste Divisie
The Eerste Divisie (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈeːrstə diˈvizi]; English: First Division), officially known as the Keuken Kampioen Divisie due to sponsorship reasons, is the second-highest tier of football in the Netherlands. It is linked with the top-level Eredivisie via promotion/relegation systems.
Gabrielle Vallings
Gabrielle Vallings (28 August 1886 – 1969) was a singer and novelist. She was the author Charles Kingsley's literary executor, and she completed the writer Lucas Malet's last novel after Malet's death.

Charles Kingsley
Charles Kingsley (12 June 1819 – 23 January 1875) was a broad church priest of the Church of England, a university professor, social reformer, historian, novelist and poet. He is particularly associated with Christian socialism, Anti-Catholicism, the working men's college, and forming labour cooperatives, which failed, but encouraged later working reforms.
Phytia
Phytia (Ancient Greek: Φυτία), or Phoeteiae or Phoiteiai (Φοιτεῖαι), or Phoetiae or Phoitiai (Φοιτίαι), was a town in the interior of ancient Acarnania, situated on a height west of Stratus, and strongly fortified. It lay on the road from Stratus to Medeon and Limnaea. After the time of Alexander the Great it fell into the hands of the Aetolians, together with the other towns in the west of Acarnania. It was taken by Philip V of Macedon in his expedition against Aetolia in 219 BCE; but the Aetolians, doubtless, obtained possession of it again, either before or after the conquest of Philip by the Romans. It is mentioned as one of the towns of Acarnania in a Greek inscription found at the site of Actium, the date of which is probably prior to the time of Augustus. In this inscription the ethnic form Φοιτιάν occurs.

Its site is located near modern Ag. Georgios, formerly Porta.

Actium
Actium, also known as Aktion or Aktio (Ancient Greek: Ἄκτιον, Modern Greek: Άκτιο), is a peninsula on the mouth of the Ambracian Gulf in Acarnania, Greece, and the site of an ancient town of the same name. It is most known for the Battle of Actium, in which Octavian gained his celebrated victory over Antony and Cleopatra, on September 2, 31 BC. The peninsula has been connected to Preveza in Epirus since 2002 via the Aktio–Preveza Undersea Tunnel.
Dempster Highway
The Dempster Highway, also referred to as Yukon Highway 5 and Northwest Territories Highway 8, is a highway in Canada that connects the Klondike Highway in Yukon to Inuvik, Northwest Territories on the Mackenzie River delta. The highway crosses the Peel and the Mackenzie rivers using a combination of seasonal ferry services and ice bridges. Year-round road access from Inuvik to Tuktoyaktuk opened in November 2017, with the completion of the Inuvik–Tuktoyaktuk Highway, creating the first all-weather road route connecting the Canadian road network with the Arctic Ocean.

The highway is named for North-West Mounted Police (NWMP) officer William Dempster, who discovered the fate of a lost NWMP patrol in 1911.

Klondike Highway
The Klondike Highway is a highway that runs from the Alaska Panhandle through the province of British Columbia and the territory of Yukon in Canada, linking the coastal town of Skagway, Alaska, to Dawson City, Yukon. Its route somewhat parallels the route used by prospectors in the 1898 Klondike Gold Rush.

In both British Columbia and Yukon, the highway is marked as Yukon Highway 2. In Alaska, the Highway is marked as Alaska Route 98 (as in "route of 1898"). Until 1978, the unopened section between the Yukon–BC border and Carcross had no official highway number, while the section north of Carcross to the Alaska Highway was Highway 5, and the section from Stewart Crossing to Dawson was Highway 3. The BC section is now maintained by the Yukon government as a natural extension of Highway 2.
John of Valamo
Schema-Igumen John (Russian: Схиигумен Иоанн, Finnish: Skeemaigumeeni Johannes, born Ivan Alekseyevich Alekseyev, Russian: Иван Алексеевич Алексеев; 26 February 1873, village Gubka, Novotorzhsky Uyezd, Tver Governorate, Russian Empire – 5 June 1958, New Valamo, Heinävesi, Finland), canonized as St. John of Valamo (Finnish: Johannes Valamolainen, Russian: Иоанн Валаамский), was a monk in both Old Valamo and New Valamo and the head of the Petsamo Monastery. Some of his letters, containing many pieces of spiritual advice have been published in English in a book called  Christ in Our Midst. Letters from a Russian Monk.

Heinävesi
Heinävesi (Finnish: [ˈhei̯næˌʋesi]; lit. 'hay water') is a municipality of Finland. It is located in the North Karelia region. The municipality has a population of 2,909 (30 June 2025) and covers an area of 1,319.58 square kilometres (509.49 sq mi) of which 288.71 km2 (111.47 sq mi) is water. The population density is 2.82 inhabitants per square kilometre (7.3/sq mi). Neighbouring municipalities are Savonlinna, Varkaus, Leppävirta, Tuusniemi, Outokumpu and Liperi. The city of Joensuu is located 81 kilometres (50 mi) northeast of Heinävesi. The municipality is unilingually Finnish.

In 2021, Heinävesi had its region reassigned from South Savo to North Karelia.

The only Orthodox Christian monasteries in Finland, the New Valamo Monastery and the Lintula Holy Trinity Convent, are located in Heinävesi.
Neltuma
Neltuma is a genus of flowering plants in the pea family (Fabaceae). It includes 43 species native to the Americas, which were previously placed in genus Prosopis. The species range from the southwestern and central United States through Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, and South America to southern Argentina and Uruguay. Along with related species in the genus Strombocarpa, some species are known as mesquites.

Strombocarpa
Strombocarpa is a genus of flowering plants in the pea family (Fabaceae). This genus was previously classified as a section of genus Prosopis. It includes ten species, which are native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, or to southern South America from Peru through Bolivia and northern and central Chile to southern Argentina.

Ten species are accepted:

Strombocarpa abbreviata (Benth.) Hutch. ex C.E.Hughes & G.P.Lewis

Strombocarpa burkartii (Muñoz) C.E.Hughes & G.P.Lewis

Strombocarpa cinerascens A.Gray

Strombocarpa ferox (Griseb.) C.E.Hughes & G.P.Lewis

Strombocarpa palmeri (S.Watson) C.E.Hughes & G.P.Lewis

Strombocarpa pubescens (Benth.) A.Gray

Strombocarpa reptans (Benth.) A.Gray

Strombocarpa strombulifera (Lam.) A.Gray

Strombocarpa tamarugo (Phil.) C.E.Hughes & G.P.Lewis

Strombocarpa torquata (Lag.) Hutch. ex C.E.Hughes & G.P.Lewis
Aradhona
Aradhona  (Bengali: আরাধনা; English: The Worship) is a 1979 Bangladeshi film starring Kabari, Bulbul Ahmed and Sharmili Ahmed. Abdus Sabur garnered a Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Art Direction.

Bulbul Ahmed
Bulbul Ahmed (born Tabarruk Ahmed; 4 September 1940 – 15 July 2010) was a Bangladeshi actor and director. He received the Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Actor three times, for his roles in the films Shimana Periye (1977), Badhu Biday (1978), and Shesh Uttar (1980). He also produced the film Rajlakshmi Srikanta (1987), which won the Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Film.
Allyl glycidyl ether
Allyl glycidyl ether is an organic compound used in adhesives and sealants and as a monomer for polymerization reactions.  It is formally the condensation product of allyl alcohol and glycidol via an ether linkage.  Because it contains both an alkene and an epoxide group, either group can be reacted selectively to yield a product where the other functional group remains intact for future reactions.

Monomer
A monomer (/ˈmɒnəmər/ MON-ə-mər; mono-, "one" + -mer, "part") is a molecule that can react together with other monomer molecules to form a larger polymer chain or two- or three-dimensional network in a process called polymerization.
Wagamama na Actress
Wagamama na Actress (わがままな あくとれす, Wagamama na Akutoresu; lit. Selfish Actress) is the 15th studio album by Japanese entertainer Miho Nakayama. Released through King Records on June 23, 1993, it is Nakayama's fifth studio release (after One and Only, Mind Game, Merry Merry, and Dé eaya) to not feature a single. It was also Nakayama's second album (after Mellow) to be self-produced and recorded in Los Angeles.

The album peaked at No. 4 on Oricon's albums chart. It also sold over 145,000 copies and was certified Gold by the RIAJ.

Merry Merry
Merry Merry (メリー・メリー, Merī Merī) is the tenth studio album by Japanese entertainer Miho Nakayama. Released through King Records on December 5, 1989, it is a Christmas-themed album, featuring five song covers, two original songs written by Nakayama (under the pseudonym "Mizuho Kitayama"), and an instrumental version of her 1988 song "Long Distance to the Heaven". It is also the first album that Nakayama produced herself. A limited edition release included a 20-page hardcover storybook adaptation of "Long Distance to the Heaven".

The album peaked at No. 9 on Oricon's albums chart and sold over 110,000 copies.
Bugatti Tourbillon
The Bugatti Tourbillon is a mid-engine hybrid sports car manufactured by French automobile manufacturer Bugatti. The Tourbillon succeeds the Chiron and is limited to 250 units. It was unveiled in an online live stream on 20 June 2024. It is priced at €3.8 million (US$4.1 million).

The car is named after the tourbillon, a mechanism used in certain high end mechanical watches to increase their accuracy.

Bugatti Chiron
The Bugatti Chiron is a mid-engine two-seater sports car designed and developed in Germany by Bugatti Engineering GmbH. It was manufactured in Molsheim, France, by French automobile manufacturer Bugatti Automobiles S.A.S. The successor to the Bugatti Veyron, the Chiron was first shown at the Geneva Motor Show on 1 March 2016. The car's design was initially previewed with the Bugatti Vision Gran Turismo concept car unveiled at the 2015 Frankfurt Auto Show.

The car is named after the Monégasque driver Louis Chiron. The car shares the name with the 1999 Bugatti 18/3 Chiron concept car.
True to Life (film)
True to Life is a 1943 American comedy film directed by George Marshall and starring Mary Martin, Franchot Tone and Dick Powell. The film features three songs by Hoagy Carmichael with lyrics by Johnny Mercer.

Dick Powell
Richard Ewing Powell (November 14, 1904 – January 2, 1963) was an American actor, singer, musician, producer, director, and studio head. Though he came to stardom as a musical comedy performer, he showed versatility and successfully transformed into a hardboiled leading man, starring in projects of a more dramatic nature. He was the first actor to portray private detective Philip Marlowe on screen.
Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici
Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici (c. 1360 – February 1429) was an Italian banker and founder of the Medici Bank. While other members of the Medici family, such as Chiarissimo di Giambuono de' Medici, who served in the Signoria of Florence in 1401, and Salvestro de' Medici, who was implicated in the Ciompi Revolt of 1378, are of historical interest, it was Giovanni's founding of the family bank that truly initiated the family's rise to power in Florence. He was the father of Cosimo de' Medici and of Lorenzo the Elder; grandfather of Piero di Cosimo de' Medici; great-grandfather of Lorenzo de' Medici (the Magnificent); and the great-great-great-grandfather of Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany.

Niccolò da Uzzano
Niccolò da Uzzano (1359 – 1431 in Florence) was an Italian politician, banker and Renaissance humanist, the Gonfaloniere of Justice in the government of Florence, where he was an associate of the Medici family.

Florence's Palazzo Capponi alle Rovinate was built on his behalf in the first half of the 15th century (completed in 1426) by Lorenzo di Bicci, who always carried out Niccolò's wishes, including those for frescoes and a painting for the Church of Saint Lucia dei Magnoli, which though documented are now lost.

Rinaldo degli Albizzi, a Florentine politician who was openly against the political rise of Cosimo de' Medici was held in check by Niccolò da Uzzano as long as he lived.

Niccolò's family took its name from the Castle of Uzzano in Greve in Chianti.

In the Bargello Museum in Florence, there is a polychrome terracotta bust of Niccolò, attributed to Donatello, dated to around 1432, which might make it the earliest example of this format of Florentine portrait bust.
Eagle's Nest Tunnel and Sha Tin Heights Tunnel
Eagle's Nest Tunnel and Sha Tin Heights Tunnel are road tunnels in the New Territories of Hong Kong. Both tunnels were officially opened on 21 March 2008. The tunnels connect Cheung Sha Wan through Eagle's Nest hill to Tai Wai, and are linked by a shared toll plaza. Eagle's Nest Tunnel is connected at its southern end to Stonecutters Bridge and Ching Cheung Road, whereas Sha Tin Heights Tunnel is linked at the northern end to Che Kung Miu Road and Tai Po Road. The tunnels are part of the Tsing Sha Highway of Route 8, and were constructed in anticipation of future traffic demands generated by development in the northeast New Territories. The combined toll for the two tunnels is HK$8 (for private cars).

Tai Po Road
Tai Po Road (Chinese: 大埔公路) is the second longest road in Hong Kong (after Castle Peak Road). It spans from Sham Shui Po in Kowloon to Tai Po in the New Territories of Hong Kong. Initially, the road was named Frontier Road.
Paramount Theatre (Los Angeles)
Paramount Theatre (formerly Metropolitan Theater or Grauman's Metropolitan Theater; also known as Paramount Downtown) was a movie palace and office building located at 323 W 6th Street and 536 S Hill Street, across the street from Pershing Square, in the historic core of downtown Los Angeles. It had an additional entrance connecting it to the Broadway Theater District and it was the largest movie theater in Los Angeles for many years.

6th Street (Los Angeles)
6th Street is an east–west thoroughfare that runs continuously for 9 miles (14 km) in downtown and central Los Angeles, California. The street also continues for 5 miles (8.0 km) in Eastside Los Angeles and East Los Angeles, although not as a thoroughfare.
Vermont Senate
The Vermont Senate is the upper house of the Vermont General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Vermont. The senate consists of 30 members elected from multi-member districts. Each senator represents at least 20,300 citizens. Senators are elected to two-year terms and there is no limit to the number of terms a senator may serve.

As in other upper houses of state and territorial legislatures and the U.S. Senate, the Vermont Senate has special functions, such as confirming or rejecting gubernatorial appointments to executive departments, the state cabinet, commissions, boards, and (for the first six-year term) the state's judiciary.

The Vermont Senate meets at the Vermont State House in the state capital of Montpelier.

State legislature (United States)
In the United States,  the state legislature is the legislative branch in each of the 50 U.S. states.

A legislature generally performs state duties for a state in the same way that the United States Congress performs national duties at the national level. Generally, the same system of checks and balances that exists at the federal level also exists between the state legislature,  the state executive officer (governor) and the state judiciary.

In 27 states, the legislature is called the legislature or the state legislature, while in 19 states the legislature is called the general assembly. In Massachusetts and New Hampshire, the legislature is called the general court, while North Dakota and Oregon designate the legislature the legislative assembly.