hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Friedman rule
The Friedman rule is a monetary policy rule proposed by Milton Friedman. Friedman advocated monetary policy that would result in the nominal interest rate being at or very near zero. His rationale was that the opportunity cost of holding money faced by private agents should equal the social cost of creating additional fiat money. Assuming that the marginal cost of creating additional money is zero (or approximated by zero), nominal rates of interest should also be zero. In practice, this means that a central bank should seek a rate of inflation or deflation equal to the real interest rate on government bonds and other safe assets, to make the nominal interest rate zero.

The result of this policy is that those who hold money do not suffer any loss in the value of that money due to inflation. The rule is motivated by long-run efficiency considerations.

This is not to be confused with Friedman's k-percent rule which advocates a constant yearly expansion of the monetary base.

Opportunity cost
In microeconomic theory, the opportunity cost of a choice is the value of the best alternative forgone where, given limited resources, a choice needs to be made between several mutually exclusive alternatives. Assuming the best choice is made, it is the "cost" incurred by not enjoying the benefit that would have been had if the second best available choice had been taken instead. The New Oxford American Dictionary defines it as "the loss of potential gain from other alternatives when one alternative is chosen". As a representation of the relationship between scarcity and choice, the objective of opportunity cost is to ensure efficient use of scarce resources. It incorporates all associated costs of a decision, both explicit and implicit. Thus, opportunity costs are not restricted to monetary or financial costs: the real cost of output forgone, lost time, pleasure, or any other benefit that provides utility should also be considered an opportunity cost.
Vladislav Artemiev
Vladislav Mikhailovich Artemiev (Russian: Владисла́в Миха́йлович Арте́мьев; born 5 March 1998) is a Russian chess grandmaster and former chess prodigy. He was awarded the title of Grandmaster in 2014. Artemiev is the 2019 European Chess Champion. He won the individual board performance gold medal as well as team gold medal at World Team Chess Championship 2019. He participated in Chess World Cup 2015, 2017, 2019 and 2021 where he was knocked out in the round of 16 by Sergey Karjakin.

Alexander Grischuk
Alexander Igorevich Grischuk (born October 31, 1983) is a Russian chess grandmaster. Grischuk was the Russian champion in 2009. He is also a three-time world blitz chess champion (in 2006, 2012 and 2015).

He has competed in five Candidates Tournaments: in 2007, 2011 (when he reached the final), 2013, 2018 and 2020. He also reached the semifinals of the 2000 FIDE World Championship.

Grischuk has won two team gold medals, three team silvers, one team bronze, and one individual bronze medal at Chess Olympiads. He also holds three team gold medals, one team silver and individual gold, two silver and one bronze from the World Team Chess Championship.
Luis Contigiani
Luis Gustavo Contigiani (born 21 January 1972) is an Argentine politician who was a National Deputy elected in Santa Fe Province. Politically not affiliated to any party, Contigiani was elected on the Progressive, Civic and Social Front list in 2017, and for a time was the sole representative of the Socialist Party (PS) in the National Congress. The PS barred Contigiani from continuing to be the party's representative due to his opposition to the legalization of abortion in 2018.

Contigiani previously served as Minister of Production of Santa Fe from 2015 to 2017, during the governorship of Miguel Lifschitz, and as Secretary of Agriculture and Livestock of Santa Fe from 2011 to 2015, during the governorship of Antonio Bonfatti.

Antonio Bonfatti
Antonio Bonfatti (born December 1, 1950) is an Argentine physician and Socialist politician who served as Governor of Santa Fe between 2011 and 2015. From 2016 to 2021, he was president of the Socialist Party.
The Mosquito Bowl
The Mosquito Bowl is an upcoming American sports drama film directed by Peter Berg and produced by Film 44 and Imagine Entertainment for Netflix. It is based on the Buzz Bissinger book The Mosquito Bowl: A Game of Life and Death in World War II, which is about the Mosquito Bowl game played during World War II. The film will star Nicholas Galitzine, Bill Skarsgård, Ray Nicholson, and Tom Francis in the leading roles.

Imagine Entertainment
Imagine Entertainment, formerly Imagine Films Entertainment, also known simply as Imagine (stylized in all caps as IMAGINE), is an American film and television production company founded in November 1985 by producer Brian Grazer and director Ron Howard.
Brandi Wells
Brandi Wells (May 13, 1955 – March 24, 2003) was an American singer, songwriter, recording artist and entertainer.

Born Marguerite J. Pinder in Chester, Pennsylvania, one of the five daughters of Thomas and Dorothy (née Williams) Pinder, and educated in the Chester Upland School District. She sang with Fat Larry's Band, Breeze, and Slick before starting a solo career. Her debut album, Watch Out, appeared in 1981 on Fantasy Records and reached No. 37 on the US Billboard R&B chart. The title track charted at No. 27 on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart and No. 16 on the US Hot Dance Club Songs chart. It also peaked at No. 74 in the UK Singles Chart in February 1982. "Watch Out" proved to be her only hit, though she released an album in 1985.

Fantasy Records
Fantasy Records is an American independent record label company founded by brothers Max and Sol Stanley Weiss in 1949. The early years of the company were dedicated to issuing recordings by jazz pianist Dave Brubeck, who was also one of its investors, but in more recent years the label has been known for its recordings of comedian Lenny Bruce, jazz pianist Vince Guaraldi, the last recordings made on the Wurlitzer organ in the San Francisco Fox Theatre before the theatre was demolished, organist Korla Pandit, the 1960s rock band Creedence Clearwater Revival, bandleader Woody Herman, and disco and R&B singer Sylvester.
Because I Hate Korea
Because I Hate Korea (Korean: 한국이 싫어서) is a 2023 South Korean drama film directed by Jang Kun-jae and starring Go Ah-sung and Joo Jong-hyuk. Based on novel of the same name by Chang Kang-myoung, it follows a woman in her late 20s who suddenly leaves her job, family, and boyfriend behind to go to New Zealand alone in search of her own happiness.

It premiered at 28th Busan International Film Festival as opening film on October 4, 2023. It was released theatrically on August 28, 2024 in South Korea.

Go Ah-sung
Go Ah-sung (Korean: 고아성; born August 10, 1992) is a South Korean actress. She began her career as a child actress, notably in The Host (2006). Her other notable works include Snowpiercer (2013), Thread of Lies (2014), A Resistance (2019), Samjin Company English Class (2020), as well as the television series Master of Study (2010), Heard It Through the Grapevine (2015), and Life on Mars (2018).
Trevor Gwandu
Trevor Gwandu (born 24 February 1998) is a Zimbabwean cricketer. He made his first-class debut for Mid West Rhinos in the 2017–18 Logan Cup on 10 October 2017. He made his List A debut for Mid West Rhinos in the 2017–18 Pro50 Championship on 1 December 2017. In December 2020, he was selected to play for the Rhinos in the 2020–21 Logan Cup.

Gwandu got his first international call up during the Irish tour of Zimbabwe in 2023–24 and made his T20I debut on 7 December 2023. He made his Test debut after being selected for a two-match home series against Afghanistan in December 2024.

Mid West Rhinos
The Mid West Rhinos is one of the five cricket Zimbabwean cricket franchises. They are a first-class cricket team, based in Midlands Province and the Mashonaland West area.  They play their home matches at Kwekwe Sports Club in Kwekwe.
Minister of state (Canada)
A minister of state is a junior cabinet minister in the Cabinet of Canada, usually given specific responsibilities to assist a senior cabinet minister in a specific area. A secretary of state also holds many similar responsibilities in assisting senior cabinet members, being members of the Ministry and the King's Privy Council for Canada. A secretary of state is legally a minister of state styled as secretaries. However, secretaries of state are considered junior to ministers of state and are not members of Cabinet.

King's Privy Council for Canada
The King's Privy Council for Canada (French: Conseil privé du Roi pour le Canada), sometimes called His Majesty's Privy Council for Canada or simply the Privy Council (PC), is the full group of personal advisors to the monarch of Canada on state and constitutional affairs. Practically, the tenets of responsible government require the sovereign or his viceroy, the governor general, almost always to follow only that advice tendered by the Cabinet: a committee within the Privy Council composed usually of elected members of Parliament. Those summoned to the Privy Council are appointed for life by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister. The group is composed predominantly of former Cabinet ministers, with some others having been inducted as an honorary gesture. Privy counsellors are accorded the use of an honorific style and post-nominal letters, as well as various signifiers of precedence.
Milt Scott
Milton Parker Scott (January 17, 1861 – November 3, 1938), nicknamed "Mikado Milt", was an American professional baseball player whose career spanned from 1882 to 1889. He appeared in 341 Major League Baseball games over four seasons as a first baseman for the Chicago White Stockings (one game, 1882), Detroit Wolverines (148 games, 1884–85), Pittsburgh Alleghenys (55 games, 1885) and Baltimore Orioles (137 games, 1886).  He compiled a .228 batting average with 42 doubles, 10 triples, five home runs, and 132 RBIs.

History of the Chicago Cubs
The following is a franchise history of the Chicago Cubs of Major League Baseball, a charter member of the National League who started play in the National Association of Base Ball Players in 1870 as the Chicago White Stockings, before joining the National Association in 1871. The Chicago National League Ball Club is the only franchise to play continuously in the same city since the formation of the National League in 1876. They are the earliest formed active professional sports club in North America, predating the team now known as the Atlanta Braves by one year. In their early history, they were called the White Stockings, Orphans, Infants, Remnants and Colts by the press before officially becoming the "Cubs" in 1903.
Jean-Antoine de Mesmes (premier président)
Jean-Antoine de Mesmes, comte d'Avaux (1661–1723) was a premier president of the Parlement of Paris and member of the Académie française. As premier president he presided at the rescinding of the will of Louis XIV and in 1720 at the remonstrance against the regent, Philippe of Orléans, for allowing Law's disastrous financial scheme and appointing Guillaume Dubois as archbishop of Cambrai.

Philippe II, Duke of Orléans
Philippe, duc d'Orléans (Philippe Charles; 2 August 1674 – 2 December 1723), who was known as the Regent, was a French prince, soldier, and statesman who served as Regent of the Kingdom of France from 1715 to 1723. He is referred to in French as le Régent. He was the son of Philippe I, Duke of Orleans, and Elisabeth Charlotte, Duchess of Orléans. Born at his father's palace at Saint-Cloud, he was known from birth by the title of Duke of Chartres.

In 1692, Philippe married his first cousin Françoise Marie de Bourbon, the youngest legitimised daughter (légitimée de France) of King Louis XIV and Madame de Montespan. Named regent of France during the minority of Louis XV, his great-nephew and first cousin twice removed, the period of his de facto rule was known as the Regency (French: la Régence) (1715–1723). The Regency came to an end in February 1723, and the Duke of Orléans died at Versailles in December.
Sanglamore
Sanglamore (1 March 1987 – after 2007) was an American-bred, British-trained Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. In a racing career disrupted by injury, he won four of his eight races between November 1989 and July 1991. After finishing second in his only race as a juvenile in 1989, he emerged as one of the leading colts of his generation in the first half of the following year, winning the Dante Stakes in England and the Prix du Jockey Club in France. After a lengthy break, he returned as a four-year-old to win the Prix d'Ispahan and place in both the Eclipse Stakes and the King George VI & Queen Elizabeth Stakes. He was retired to stud at the end of the year but made little impact as a breeding stallion.

Eclipse Stakes
The Eclipse Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to horses aged three years or older. It is run at Sandown Park over a distance of 1 mile, 1 furlong and 209 yards (2,002 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in early July.
8th Bodil Awards
The 8th Bodil Awards was held 1955 in Copenhagen, Denmark, honouring the best in Danish and foreign film of 1954.

Prime Minister H. C. Hansen, who had been given the first Bodil Honorary Award in 1951, was guest of honour at a quite untraditional Bodil event. For the first and only time in the Bodil Award's history two film were awarded Best Danish Film: Carl Theodor Dreyer's Ordet and Sven Methling's Der kom en dag.

Emil Hass Christensen and Birgitte Federspiel each received an award for their performances in Ordet, Umberto D. directed by Vittorio De Sica won the Bodil Award for Best European Film, and On the Waterfront directed by Elia Kazan won the award for Best American Film.

Ordet
Ordet (Danish pronunciation: [ˈoːˀɐɤ], meaning "The Word" and originally released as The Word in English) is a 1955 Danish drama film, written and directed by Carl Theodor Dreyer. It is based on a play by Kaj Munk, a Danish Lutheran priest, first performed in 1932. The film won the Golden Lion at the 16th Venice International Film Festival, and was the only film by Dreyer to be both a critical and financial success.

The film is now regarded by many critics as a masterpiece, admired particularly for its cinematography. In Sight and Sound magazine's 2012 poll on the greatest films of all time, it placed 19th in the directors' poll and 24th in the critics' poll.
Confession Song
"Confession Song" is a song recorded by South Korean boy group Got7 for their reissued EP Mad Winter Edition. It was their first holiday single, and was released by JYP Entertainment on November 23, 2015.

JYP Entertainment
JYP Entertainment Corporation (Korean: JYP 엔터테인먼트) is a South Korean multinational entertainment and record label conglomerate founded in 1997 by J.Y. Park. Operating as a record label, talent agency, music production company, event management company, concert production company and music publishing house, it is one of the largest entertainment companies in South Korea. The company also operates subsidiary ventures and divisions internationally.
Yves Cochet
Yves Cochet (French pronunciation: [iv kɔʃe]; born 15 February 1946) is a French politician, member of Europe Écologie–The Greens. He was minister in the government of Lionel Jospin. On 6 December 2011, he was elected member of the European Parliament (MEP).

He studied Mathematics and became researcher-lecturer at Institut National des Sciences Appliquées of Rennes in 1969. In June 1971, teaming with Maurice Nivat, he obtained a PhD for his research on « Sur l'algébricité des classes de certaines congruences définies sur le monoïde libre ».

Maurice Nivat
Maurice Paul Nivat (21 December 1937 – 21 September 2017) was a French computer scientist. His research in computer science spanned the areas of formal languages, programming language semantics, and discrete geometry. A 2006 citation for an honorary doctorate (Ph.D.) called Nivat one of the fathers of theoretical computer science. He was a professor at the University Paris Diderot until 2001.
Wish I Didn't Miss You
"Wish I Didn't Miss You" is a song by American recording artist Angie Stone. It was written and produced by Ivan Matias and Andrea Martin for Stone's second studio album, Mahogany Soul (2001). The song features a sampled composition of the O'Jays's 1972 record "Back Stabbers" as written by Leon Huff, Gene McFadden, and John Whitehead.

"Wish I Didn't Miss You" became a hit in several countries, peaking at number seven in Australia and entering the top 20 in the Flanders region of Belgium and Romania. In the United States, the song's remixes topped the Billboard Dance Club Play chart. It was the last song played at Space nightclub in Ibiza before its initial closing, on October 3, 2016; it was played by Carl Cox.

Gamble and Huff
Kenneth Gamble (born August 11, 1943, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) and Leon A. Huff (born April 8, 1942, Camden, New Jersey) are an American songwriting and production duo credited for developing the Philadelphia soul music genre (also known as Philly sound) of the 1970s. In addition to forming their own label, Philadelphia International Records, Gamble and Huff have written and produced 175 gold and platinum records, earning them an induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in the non-performer category in March 2008.
Werner Coetsee
Werner Coetsee (born 16 March 1983) is a South African first-class cricketer. He was included in the Griqualand West cricket team squad for the 2015 Africa T20 Cup. In August 2017, he was named in Bloem City Blazers' squad for the first season of the T20 Global League. However, in October 2017, Cricket South Africa initially postponed the tournament until November 2018, with it being cancelled soon after.

Mzansi Super League
The Mzansi Super League (MSL) was a Twenty20 cricket (T20) franchise league held in South Africa. The competition was established in 2018 by Cricket South Africa (CSA) as a replacement for the failed T20 Global League, but only two editions were played before the competition was itself canceled. The SA20 competition, first held in 2023, could be seen as a successor to the MSL.

The first edition of the tournament took place in November and December 2018. The South African Broadcasting Corporation broadcast all matches domestically on free-to-air channels.

The league consisted of six franchise teams representing different South African cities. Two editions were played under this format before changes were proposed to reflect the wide structural changes that were announced for South African domestic cricket in 2021, but the competition did not run in 2020 or 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic and was then cancelled.
Dime Davis
Dimonique "Dime" Davis (born October 4, 1985) is an American director and producer. She directed several episodes of the BET series Boomerang, and was the co-showrunner of the second season. Davis was the director and executive producer of the debut season of HBO's A Black Lady Sketch Show, for which she received a 2020 Primetime Emmy nomination for Outstanding Directing for a Variety Series, the first Black woman to do so.

Boomerang (American TV series)
Boomerang is an American comedy television series, serving as a sequel to the 1992 film of the same name. The series premiered on February 12, 2019, on BET.

On April 2, 2019, it was announced that the series was renewed for a second season, which premiered on March 11, 2020. In August 2021, co-producer Lena Waithe announced that the series would not return for a third season.
Karen Disher
Karen Beth Disher is an American film director and storyboard artist. Disher is best known for her work at MTV Animation, where she was the chief character designer and supervising director for the animated series Daria (1997–2002) following her previous work as a layout artist for Beavis and Butt-Head (1994–1997).

Disher is also known for work as a story artist at Blue Sky Studios, an in-house studio at 20th Century Animation, in which she worked on several films, including many in the Ice Age franchise.

MTV Animation
MTV Animation is an American animation studio and the animation department of the television network MTV. The department's parent company is Paramount Television Studios, which is owned by Paramount Skydance Corporation. MTV Animation gained substantial popularity in the 1990s, with many of their largest successes including the original broadcasts of Liquid Television (1991–1995), Beavis and Butt-Head (1993–1997), Daria (1997–2002), and Celebrity Deathmatch (1998–2007). Of the animated shows that aired, Beavis and Butt-Head and Daria became the studio's most successful programs, with both shows developing a cult following.

Re-runs of MTV's completed animated shows aired on MTV2 and The N throughout much of the 2000s. There were some attempts by MTV Entertainment Group to revive original animation production in the 2010s, but they never materialized. MTV Animation currently remains a subsidiary of Paramount Skydance Corporation.
Bischofsheim in der Rhön
Bischofsheim in der Rhön (German pronunciation: [ˈbɪʃɔfsˌhaɪm ʔɪn deːɐ̯ ˈʁøːn], lit. 'Bischofsheim in the Rhön'; before January 2020: Bischofsheim an der Rhön) is a town in the district Rhön-Grabfeld, in Bavaria, Germany. It is situated in the Rhön Mountains, 29 km southeast of Fulda.

Rhön-Grabfeld
Rhön-Grabfeld is a Landkreis (district) in Bavaria, Germany. It is bounded by (from the southeast and clockwise) the districts of Hassberge, Schweinfurt and Bad Kissingen, and the states of Hesse (district Fulda) and Thuringia (districts Schmalkalden-Meiningen and Hildburghausen).
Kaslo-Slocan
Kaslo-Slocan was the name of a provincial electoral district in the Canadian province of British Columbia centred on the town of Kaslo on Kootenay Lake as well as the mining towns of the "Silvery Slocan".  The riding first appeared in the 1924 election as the result of a merger of the former ridings of Kaslo and Slocan, and lasted until the 1963 election.

1963 British Columbia general election
The 1963 British Columbia general election was the 27th general election in the province of British Columbia, Canada. It was held to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. The election  was called on August 22, 1963, and held on September 30, 1963.  The new legislature met for the first time on January 23, 1964.

The conservative Social Credit Party of Premier W.A.C. Bennett was re-elected with a majority in the legislature to a fifth term in government. The party increased its share of the popular vote and number of seats in the legislature marginally.

The opposition New Democratic Party (formerly the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation) had small losses both in popular vote and number of seats.

The Liberals won about 20% of the popular vote, and one additional seat, for a total of five.

The Progressive Conservative Party won no seats in the legislature increasing its share of the popular vote by four-and-half percentage points to over 11%.
Bernardita Ramos
Maria Bernardita "Ditas" Bañares Ramos (February 17, 1944 – September 8, 2020) was a Filipina high school teacher, travel agent and legislator from Sorsogon, Philippines. She served in the House of Representatives of the Philippines, representing Sorsogon's 2nd congressional district in the 18th Congress from 2019 until her death in 2020. She was the youngest sister of three-term Sorsogon representative Deogracias B. Ramos Jr.

Sorsogon
Sorsogon, officially the Province of Sorsogon (Bikol: Probinsya kan Sorsogon; Waray: Probinsya han Sorsogon; Tagalog: Lalawigan ng Sorsogon), is a province in the Philippines located in the Bicol Region. It is the southernmost province in the island of Luzon and is subdivided into fourteen municipalities (towns) and one city. Its capital (and largest city) is Sorsogon City (formerly the towns of Sorsogon and Bacon) and borders the province of Albay to the north.

Sorsogon is at the tip of the Bicol Peninsula and faces the island of Samar to the southeast across the San Bernardino Strait and Ticao Island to the southwest. Sorsoganons is how the people of Sorsogon call themselves.