hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rational set
In computer science, more precisely in automata theory, a rational set of a monoid is an element of the minimal class of subsets of this monoid that contains all finite subsets and is closed under union, product and Kleene star. Rational sets are useful in automata theory, formal languages and algebra.

A rational set generalizes the notion of rational (or regular) language (understood as defined by regular expressions) to monoids that are not necessarily free.

Kleene star
In formal language theory, the Kleene star (or Kleene operator or Kleene closure) refer to two related unary operations, that can be applied either to an alphabet of symbols or to a formal language, a set of strings (finite sequences of symbols).

The Kleene star operator on an alphabet V generates the set V* of all finite-length strings over V, that is, finite sequences whose elements belong to V; in mathematics, it is more commonly known as the free monoid construction. The Kleene star operator on a language L generates another language L*, the set of all strings that can be obtained as a concatenation of zero or more members of L. In both cases, repetitions are allowed.

The Kleene star operators are named after American mathematician Stephen Cole Kleene, who first introduced and widely used it to characterize automata for regular expressions.
Narayan Sadashiv Hosmane
Narayan S. Hosmane (born 30 June 1948) is an Indian-born cancer research scientist and a distinguished research professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry. He was featured in NRI Achievers magazine. He is a two-time recipient of the Humboldt Research Award for senior scientists, an annual award presented by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Bonn, Germany, to scientists worldwide in recognition of their career accomplishments.

He founded "Boron in the Americas" (formerly known as BUSA) and hosted the organization's first meeting in Dallas in April 1988. He has published over 300 papers in scientific journals and was ranked by the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) in the top 50% of the most cited chemists in the world from 1981–1997. He is a fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry and the American Institute of Chemists, a foreign member of Russian Academy of Natural Sciences (RANS), and listed in Who's Who in the World.

American Institute of Chemists
The American Institute of Chemists (AIC) is an organization founded in 1923 with the goal of advancing the chemistry profession in the United States. The institute is known for its yearly awards recognizing contributions of individuals in this field of work.

The American Institute of Chemists Gold Medal, given since 1926, is the institute's highest award and is awarded annually to a person who has promoted activity of service to the science or profession of chemist or chemical engineer in the United States of America.

The Chemical Pioneer Award, first given in 1966, recognizes chemists or chemical engineers who have made outstanding contributions to advances in chemistry or the chemical profession.

Former Presidents of the Institute include Gustav Egloff who served from 1942 to 1946.
Tennō-ji (Okinawa)
Tennō-ji (天王寺) was a Rinzai Buddhist temple and royal bodaiji of the Ryūkyū Kingdom, located in Naha, Okinawa.

Tennō-ji was the house of Shō En before he ascended the throne. Shō Shin was born here. The house changed in usage and became a Buddhist temple during the reign of King Shō Shin (r. 1477–1526). It also used as bodaiji of Ryukyuan queens. Ryukyuan king should visit Enkaku-ji, Tennō-ji and Tenkai-ji after his genpuku and investiture.

Ryukyu was annexed by Japan in 1879, and Tennō-ji was closed in the same year and buddharupa, spirit tablets and bonshō were moved to Enkaku-ji. The main hall (本殿, Honden) was used as a classroom of a school; the western part of the temple was bought by Methodists who built a church on it. It was destroyed in the 1945 battle of Okinawa.

Bodaiji
A bodaiji (菩提寺, lit. "bodhi temple") in Japanese Buddhism is a temple which, generation after generation, takes care of a family's dead, giving them burial and performing ceremonies in their soul's favor. The name is derived from the term bodai (菩提), which originally meant just Buddhist enlightenment (satori), but which in Japan has also come to mean either the care of one's dead to ensure their welfare after death or happiness in the beyond itself. Several samurai families including the Tokugawa had their bodaiji built to order, while others followed the example of commoners and simply adopted an existing temple as family temple. Families may have more than one bodaiji. The Tokugawa clan, for example, had two, while the Ashikaga clan had several, both in the Kantō and the Kansai areas.
Nymphéas en fleur
Nymphéas en fleur is a painting by French artist Claude Monet from his Water Lilies series. In a 2018 auction of paintings in the private collection of David Rockefeller and his wife, it was sold to another private collector for $81.7 million dollars. This was then the highest amount paid for a work by Monet.

Water Lilies (Monet series)
Water Lilies (French: Nymphéas [nɛ̃.fe.a]) is a series of approximately 250 oil paintings by French Impressionist Claude Monet (1840–1926). The paintings depict his flower garden at his home in Giverny, and were the main focus of his artistic production during the last 31 years of his life. Many of the works were painted while Monet suffered from cataracts.
Jörg Breiding
Jörg Breiding (born 1972) is a German choral conductor and academic teacher. He has been the conductor of the Knabenchor Hannover since 2002. He taught at the Musikhochschule Lübeck, and has been professor of choral conducting at the Folkwang Hochschule.

Folkwang University of the Arts
The Folkwang University of the Arts is a university for music, theater, dance, design, and academic studies, located in four German cities of North Rhine-Westphalia. Since 1927, its traditional main location has been in the former Werden Abbey in Essen in the Ruhr area, with additional facilities in Duisburg, Bochum, and Dortmund, and, since 2010, at the Zeche Zollverein, a World Heritage Site also in Essen. The Folkwang University is home to the international dance company Folkwang Tanz Studio (FTS). Founded as Folkwangschule, its name was Folkwang Hochschule (Folkwang Academy) from 1963 until 2009.
What U Workin' With?
"What U Workin' With?" is a song recorded by American singers Gwen Stefani and Justin Timberlake for the official soundtrack to the 2016 film Trolls. Timberlake co-wrote and co-produced the track with Max Martin and Ilya Salmanzadeh with additional writing from Savan Kotecha and Peter Svensson. The song was first announced on August 22, 2016, with Stefani's appearance being a secret. An urban and dance song, the lyrics talk about having a good time and standing out amongst a crowd.

The track was favorably reviewed by several contemporary music critics; although many found Stefani's contribution to be unexpected, they agreed her role was enjoyable. Commercially, "What U Workin' With?" peaked at number eight on Billboard's Kid Digital Songs component chart, where it lasted for three non-consecutive weeks.

Digital Song Sales
The Digital Song Sales (previously named Digital Songs and Hot Digital Songs) ranks the most downloaded songs in the United States, as compiled by Luminate and published by Billboard magazine. Although it originally started tracking song sales the week of October 30, 2004, it officially debuted in the issue dated January 22, 2005, and merged all versions of a song sold from digital music distributors. Its data was incorporated in the Hot 100 three weeks later. Since October 2004, digital sales have been incorporated into many of Billboard's music singles charts. The decision was based on the dramatic increase of the digital market while commercial single sales in a physical format were becoming negligible.

The first number one song on the Digital Song Sales chart was "Just Lose It" by Eminem. The chart's current number one as of the issue dated July 26, 2025 is 
"Ordinary" by Alex Warren.
Charles Arbuthnot
Charles Arbuthnot (14 March 1767 – 18 August 1850) was a British diplomat and Tory politician. He was Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire between 1804 and 1807 and held a number of political offices. He was a good friend of the Duke of Wellington. His second wife, Harriet, became a hostess at Wellington's society dinners, and wrote an important diary cataloging contemporary political intrigues.

John Charles Herries
John Charles Herries PC (November 1778 – 24 April 1855), known as J. C. Herries, was a British politician and financier and a frequent member of Tory and Conservative cabinets in the early to mid-19th century.
Ben Lundgaard
Benjamin Cunningham Lundgaard (born September 25, 1995) is an American retired soccer player who played as a goalkeeper. He appeared at the semi-professional level for Fresno Fuego and New York Red Bulls U-23 and spent time with Columbus Crew SC, Indy Eleven, Pittsburgh Riverhounds SC, Atlanta United, and Atlanta United 2 at the professional level.

Lundgaard grew up in Wilmington, Delaware, winning three state titles at the Salesianum School and playing club soccer with the Delaware Rush. He played collegiately for four seasons at Virginia Tech, leading the Hokies to the NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Tournament for the first time in nine years as a junior and earning a first-team all-Atlantic Coast Conference nod as a senior. Lundgaard was drafted by Columbus Crew SC in the first round of the 2018 MLS SuperDraft but never made an appearance for the club, spending time on loan at Indy Eleven and Pittsburgh Riverhounds SC. He joined Atlanta United 2 ahead of the 2020 season.

New York Red Bulls U-23
The New York Red Bulls U-23 is an American soccer team based in Harrison, New Jersey. Founded in 2009, the team plays in USL League Two, a national amateur league at the fourth tier of the American Soccer Pyramid. It is part of the official Development Academy of Major League Soccer's New York Red Bulls.

The team plays its home games at the Red Bull Training Facility in Hanover, New Jersey. The team's colors are red, blue and white.
2017 Myanmar Air Force Shaanxi Y-8 crash
On 7 June 2017, a Shaanxi Y-8 aircraft of the Myanmar Air Force crashed on a flight from Myeik to Yangon, killing all 122 people on board. Debris from the aircraft was found in the Andaman Sea, 118 nautical miles (218 km) off Dawei by Myanmar Navy ships. It is the deadliest aviation accident in Myanmar's history.

Dawei
Dawei, formerly known as Tavoy, is a city in south-eastern Myanmar and is the capital of the Tanintharyi Region, formerly known as the Tenasserim Division, on the eastern bank of the Dawei River. The city is about 614.3 km (381.7 mi) southeast of Yangon. Its population (2014 estimate) is 146,964. Dawei is a port at the head of the Dawei River estuary, 30 km (18.6 mi). from the Andaman Sea. As a result, the city is prone to flooding during the monsoon season. Dawei People is also the name of one of Myanmar's 135 ethnic minorities.
History of Beltola
Beltola is a prime residential area in the southern part of Guwahati, Assam. It is an adjoining area of the Dispur capital complex.  During Ahom reign, Beltola was a small Koch kingdom, whose ruler assisted in the  administration of the Borphukan in Guwahati, the Ahom viceroy of Lower Assam and in maintaining relations with the communities of Khasi Hills. The kingdom of Beltola survived under the British rule and existed till 1947 when it finally joined the Union of India.

Lower Assam division
Lower Assam division is one of the 5 administrative divisions of Assam in India. It was formed in 1874, consisting of the undivided Kamrup district of Western Assam, undivided Darrang and Nagaon districts of Central Assam and Khasi & Jaintia hills of Meghalaya, created for revenue purposes.
Kenny Deuchar
Kenneth Robert John Deuchar (born 6 July 1980) is a Scottish former professional footballer who played as a forward. He is also a practising medical doctor.

In his professional footballing career he played for Falkirk (two spells), East Fife, Gretna, Northampton Town, St Johnstone (two spells), Real Salt Lake, Hamilton Academical, Livingston and Stenhousemuir, when he initially retired for two years before returning to play for Arbroath for a further year.

Stenhousemuir F.C.
Stenhousemuir Football Club is a Scottish football club located in Stenhousemuir, Falkirk. They are a member of the Scottish Professional Football League and currently play in Scottish League One after achieving automatic promotion from Scottish League Two in 2024.

Through much of its history, the team has competed in the lower leagues of Scottish football.

In September 2009, Stenhousemuir Football Club, Ltd. was re-registered as a Community Interest Company.
Master Individual
The Master Individual national bridge championship was held at the fall American Contract Bridge League (ACBL) North American Bridge Championship (NABC); it was held from 1931 until 1960 after which it was discontinued.

American Contract Bridge League
The American Contract Bridge League (ACBL) is a governing body for contract bridge in the United States, Canada, Mexico, and Bermuda. It is the largest such organization in North America having the stated mission "to promote, grow and sustain the game of bridge and serve the bridge-related interests of our Members." Its major activities are:

sanctioning games at local bridge clubs and regional events

certifying bridge teachers and club directors

conducting the North American Bridge Championships (NABC)

providing education materials and services

administering the ACBL masterpoints system for tracking player performance

providing oversight for ethical behavior and play

representing the interests of its members with the World Bridge Federation.

As of 2025, it had more than 130,000 members.
John Jacob Niles
John Jacob Niles (April 28, 1892 – March 1, 1980) was an American composer, singer and collector of traditional ballads. Called the "Dean of American Balladeers," Niles was an important influence on the American folk music revival of the 1950s and 1960s, with Odetta, Joan Baez, Burl Ives, Peter, Paul and Mary and Bob Dylan, among others, recording his songs.

Odetta
Odetta Holmes (December 31, 1930 – December 2, 2008), known as Odetta, was an American singer, often referred to as "The Voice of the Civil Rights Movement". Her musical repertoire consisted largely of American folk music, blues, jazz, and spirituals.

An important figure in the American folk music revival of the 1950s and 1960s, she influenced many of the key figures of the folk-revival of that time, including Bob Dylan, Joan Baez, Mavis Staples, and Janis Joplin. In 2011 Time magazine included her recording of "Take This Hammer" on its list of the 100 Greatest Popular Songs, stating that "Rosa Parks was her No. 1 fan, and Martin Luther King Jr. called her the queen of American folk music."
Indira Joseph Venniyoor
Indira Joseph Venniyoor (born Indira Poduval; 1925/1926 – 29 December 2020) was an Indian radio broadcaster and Travancore Radio's first English-language news broadcaster. She was a broadcaster with All India Radio until her retirement in 1984.

All India Radio
All India Radio (AIR), also known as Akashvani (lit. 'Voice from the sky'  or 'Oracle'), is India's state-owned public radio broadcaster. Founded in 1936, it operates under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting and is one of the two divisions of Prasar Bharati. Headquartered at the Akashvani Bhavan in New Delhi, it houses the Drama Section, FM Section, and National Service. It also serves as the home of the Indian television station Doordarshan Kendra.

All India Radio is one the largest radio network in the world in terms of the number of languages broadcast, the socioeconomic diversity it serves, and the scale of its broadcasting organisation. AIR's domestic service includes 420 stations nationwide, covering nearly 92% of India's geographic area and 99.19% of its population, with programming available in 23 languages and 179 dialects.
Chuck Versus Agent X
"Chuck Versus Agent X" is the 22nd episode of the fourth season of the American action-comedy television series Chuck, and the 76th overall episode of the series. The episode was written by Phil Klemmer and Craig DiGregorio and directed by Robert Duncan McNeill. It originally aired on May 2, 2011.

In the episode, Chuck Bartowski's (Zachary Levi) bachelor party turns up some uninvited guests. Meanwhile, Ellie Bartowski-Woodcomb (Sarah Lancaster) discovers the true identity of Agent X while investigating her father Stephen's computer.

"Chuck Versus Agent X" received generally positive reviews from critics. According to the Nielsen ratings system, it drew 4.097 million viewers, the second-lowest number in Chuck's history, after "Chuck Versus the Family Volkoff". It had a 2.5/4 share among all households and 1.4/4 share among those aged 18–49.

Robert Duncan McNeill
Robert Duncan McNeill (born November 9, 1964) is an American director, producer, and actor. As an actor, he is best known for his role as Lieutenant Tom Paris on the television series Star Trek: Voyager. He has also served as an executive producer and frequent director of the television series Chuck, Resident Alien, The Gifted, and Turner & Hooch.
Cryobatrachus
Cryobatrachus (from Greek, κρύος (krýos, "cold") and βάτραχος (batrakhos, "frog")) is an extinct genus of temnospondyl amphibian from the Early Triassic of Antarctica. The type species is Cryobatrachus kitchingi. It is known from a partial skull and an imprint of the skull roof, both found in the Fremouw Formation of the Transantarctic Mountains at about 85° south latitude and described in 1974. Many small bone fragments have also been identified, although they cannot be attributed with certainty to C. kitchingi. Cryobatrachus has been classified in the family Lydekkerinidae, as it is similar in appearance to the genus Lydekkerina from South Africa.[a] Because only a small number of features distinguish it from other lydekkerinids, Cryobatrachus kitchingi has more recently been considered a nomen dubium, meaning that its distinction from other better-known species may be unwarranted.

Skull roof
The skull roof or the roofing bones of the skull are a set of bones covering the brain, eyes and nostrils in bony fishes, including land-living vertebrates. The bones are derived from dermal bone and are part of the dermatocranium.

In comparative anatomy, the term is applied to the whole dermatocranium. In general anatomy, the roofing bones may refer specifically to the bones that form above and alongside the brain and neurocranium (i.e., excluding the marginal upper jaw bones such as the maxilla and premaxilla). In human anatomy, the skull roof often refers specifically to the skullcap.
St. Moritz Olympic Ice Rink
St. Moritz Olympic Ice Rink (German: Eisstadion Badrutts Park) is an outdoor stadium in St. Moritz, Switzerland.  It was the venue for the ice hockey, speedskating and figure skating events, as well as the location of the opening and closing ceremonies at the 1928 Winter Olympics and 1948 Winter Olympics.

Artist and designer Rolf Sachs now owns the stadium's former land, and the building containing the changing facilities for athletes and officials and observation facility serves as his personal home.

St. Moritz
St. Moritz is a high Alpine resort town in the Engadine in Switzerland, at an elevation of about 1,800 metres (5,910 ft) above sea level. It is Upper Engadine's major town and a municipality in the administrative region of Maloja in the Swiss canton of the Grisons.

St. Moritz lies on the southern slopes of the Albula Alps below the Piz Nair (3,056 m or 10,026 ft) overlooking the flat and wide glaciated valley of the Upper Engadine and Lake St. Moritz. It hosted the Winter Olympics in 1928 and 1948.
Vincere
Vincere (in English, 'To Win') is a 2009 Italian biographical historical drama film directed by Marco Bellocchio, co-written by Bellocchio and Daniela Ceselli. Its based on the life of Benito Mussolini's first wife Ida Dalser. It stars Giovanna Mezzogiorno as Dalser and Filippo Timi as Mussolini.

The film had its world premiere in the main competition of the 2009 Cannes Film Festival on 19 May, where it was nominated for the Palme d'Or. It was theatrically released in Italy on 20 May 2009 by 01 Distribution.

2009 Cannes Film Festival
The 62nd Cannes Film Festival  took place from 13 May to 24 May 2009. French actress Isabelle Huppert served as jury president for the main competition. Austrian filmmaker Michael Haneke won the Palme d'Or, the festival's top prize, for the drama film The White Ribbon.

The festival opened with Up by Pete Docter, marking the first time that an animated film opened the festival, and closed with Coco Chanel & Igor Stravinsky by Jan Kounen.

American filmmaker Clint Eastwood became the second recipient of the Honorary Palme d'Or.
Lands Clauses Consolidation (Scotland) Act 1845
The Lands Clauses Consolidation (Scotland) Act 1845 (8 & 9 Vict. c. 19) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that standardised provisions and definitions relating to the purchase of land by the government in Scotland.

The act was passed to standardise how the government acquires private land for public projects and to ensure fair compensation for property owners.

The Lands Clauses Consolidation Act 1845 (8 & 9 Vict. c. 18) made similar provisions for England and Wales and Ireland.

As of 2025, the act remains in force in the United Kingdom.

Lands Clauses Consolidation Act 1845
The Lands Clauses Consolidation Act 1845 (8 & 9 Vict. c. 18) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that standardised provisions and definitions relating to the purchase of land by the government in England and Wales and Ireland.

The act was passed to standardise how the government acquires private land for public projects and to ensure fair compensation for property owners.

The Land Clauses Consolidation (Scotland) Act 1845 (8 & 9 Vict. c. 19) made similar provisions for Scotland.

As of 2025, the act remains in force in the United Kingdom.
I Told You I Was Trouble: Live in London
I Told You I Was Trouble: Live in London is a live concert video by the English singer and songwriter Amy Winehouse, released on DVD and Blu-ray on 5 November 2007 by Island Records. It was filmed on 29 May 2007 at The Shepherd's Bush Empire in London. On 11 December 2015, the album was released on vinyl as part of an eight-disc, limited-edition vinyl box set titled The Collection. The title comes from a line in the song "You Know I'm No Good".

You Know I'm No Good
"You Know I'm No Good" is a song written and performed by the English singer Amy Winehouse from her second and final studio album, Back to Black (2006). "You Know I'm No Good" was released as the second single from Back to Black on 8 January 2007. Originally recorded as a solo track, it was remixed with guest vocals from the Wu-Tang Clan member Ghostface Killah. The original appeared on Winehouse's album, while the version with Ghostface Killah appears on his album More Fish. On the recap of The Best Songs of 2007 by Entertainment Weekly magazine, this song ranked at number two.