hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hans Ritter von Adam
Leutnant Hans Ritter von Adam, born Hans Adam (24 May 1886 – 15 November 1917), was a Bavarian flying ace in World War I, with 21 victories before being killed in action. He enlisted as an infantry private and rose through the ranks to be commissioned an officer. His valor earned him his nation's highest awards, including one that posthumously raised him to nobility.

Military Order of Max Joseph
The Military Order of Max Joseph (German: Militär-Max-Joseph-Orden) was the highest military order of the Kingdom of Bavaria.  It was founded on 1 January 1806 by Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria, the first king of Bavaria.  The order came in three classes:

Grand Cross (Großkreuz)

Commander's Cross (Kommandeurkreuz)

Knight's Cross (Ritterkreuz).

Individuals who received the order and were not already members of the nobility were ennobled and would add the title of "Ritter von"  to their family name. A Bavarian title of nobility obtained through the Military Order of Max Joseph was valid for the recipient's life only.

The order became obsolete in 1918 with the collapse of the Bavarian monarchy on Germany's defeat in World War I.  However, the order's chancery continued to process outstanding award recommendations to at least 1922.
GEMSS mine system
The GEMSS mine system (Ground Emplaced Mine Scattering System) was a United States mine-laying system, part of the Family of Scatterable Mines used to rapidly emplace large tactical minefields in friendly territory.  It consisted of two different types of dispensers, the towed M128 "Frisbee Flinger" and the auxiliary M138 "Flipper" portable mine layer, and deployed mines similar to those used in the GATOR mine system minus the aeroballistic casing.  GEMSS was eventually replaced in US service by the Volcano mine system.

GATOR mine system
The GATOR mine system is a United States military system of air-dropped anti-tank and anti-personnel mines developed in the 1980s to be compatible with existing cluster dispensers. It is used with two dispenser systems—the Navy 230 kg (500 lb) CBU-78/B and the Air Force 450 kg (1,000 lb) CBU-89/B. Additionally the mines are used with the land- and helicopter-based Volcano mine system.
Asheum
Asheum is a genus of European non-biting midges in the subfamily Chironominae of the bloodworm family Chironomidae. It was originally named Pedionomus by James E. Sublette in 1964; this name was discovered by Patrick Ashe to be preoccupied by Pedionomus Gould, 1840, so it was renamed to Asheum by both James E. and Mary S. Sublette in 1983, naming it after Patrick Ashe. Asheum is sometimes considered to be a subgenus of Polypedilum.

Chironomidae
Chironomidae /ˌkaɪrəˈnɒmɪdiː/, commonly known as non-biting midges or chironomids /kaɪˈrɒnəmɪdz/, are a family of Nematoceran flies with a global distribution. They are closely related to the families Ceratopogonidae, Simuliidae, and Thaumaleidae. Although many chironomid species superficially resemble mosquitoes, they can be distinguished by the absence of the wing scales and elongated mouthparts characteristic of the Culicidae (true mosquitoes).

The name Chironomidae stems from the Ancient Greek word kheironómos, "a pantomimist".
Sinea spinipes
Sinea spinipes is a species of assassin bug, family (Reduviidae), in the subfamily Harpactorinae. It is native to North America and found in the midwest along roadsides, forest edges, and open fields with scattered trees.

In southern Illinois S. spinipes is univoltine (has only one brood per year).

Harpactorinae
The Harpactorinae are a large subfamily of the Reduviidae (assassin bugs). About 300 genera and 2,000 species worldwide have been described. Some of the species of the genera Zelus, Pselliopus, Sinea, and Apiomerus are of interest as biological pest control agents.
Constantina Diță-Tomescu Stadium
The Constantina Diță-Tomescu Municipal Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Târgu Jiu, Romania. It serves as the home ground of CSM Târgu Jiu. The facility can also be used for a variety of other activities such as track and field and concerts.

The stadium replaced the former Stadionul Tudor Vladimirescu, being named after Wallachian hero Tudor Vladimirescu.

It was opened on 25 October 2019 when Gorj County native Constantina Diță cut the ribbon on new stadium.

In December 2022, the municipality of Târgu Jiu made the decision to rename the stadium, choosing the best performing athlete of the city in the last 100 years - Constantina Diță.

CSM Târgu Jiu (football)
Clubul Sportiv Municipal Târgu Jiu, commonly known as CSM Târgu Jiu, is a Romanian football team from Târgu Jiu, Gorj County, currently competes in Liga IV – Gorj County, the fourth level of the Romanian football. The team represents the football section of the multi-sport club CSM Târgu Jiu, which also include basketball, handball, and athletics.
Phrynobatrachus sulfureogularis
Phrynobatrachus sulfureogularis is a species of frog in the family Phrynobatrachidae. It is known from the Massif of Nanzergwa, its type locality in the Bururi Province of western Burundi, and from the Mahale Mountains National Park in eastern Tanzania. The specific name sulfureogularis is derived from the Latin sulfur that refers to the element that is yellow in color and gula meaning throat, in reference to the bright yellow throat in breeding males. Common name central river frog has been coined for it.

Phrynobatrachus
Phrynobatrachus is a genus of Sub-Saharan frogs that form the monogeneric family Phrynobatrachidae. Their common name is puddle frogs, dwarf puddle frogs, African puddle frogs, or African river frogs.
The common name, puddle frog, refers to the fact that many species breed in temporary waterbodies such as puddles.

Phrynobatrachus are among the most common amphibians in Africa. They are typically small (mostly less than 30 mm (1.2 in)), fast-moving frogs. They occupy a variety of habitats from dry savannas to rainforests. Most species deposit many small eggs as a surface clutch in standing or slowly moving water and have exotrophic tadpoles.
Kurdamir Air Base
Kurdamir Air Base is a military airbase in Kurdamir (also known as Kyurdamir or Kürdəmir), the capital of the Kurdamir District (rayon) in Azerbaijan.

At the end of the 1980s the 976 Bomber Aviation Regiment Инстербургский flying Sukhoi Su-24 and Sukhoi Su-17 aircraft was based at Kurdamir. The regiment, which was descended from the 976th Fighter Aviation Regiment of the World War II period, was part of the 34th Air Army of the Soviet Air Forces.

Kurdamir District
Kurdamir district (Azerbaijani: Kürdəmir rayonu) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. Located in the centre of the country, it belongs to the Central Aran Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Zardab, Ujar, Goychay, Ismayilli, Agsu, Hajigabul, Sabirabad, and Imishli. Its capital and largest city is Kurdamir. As of 2020, the district had a population of 117,900.
History of the Volkspolizei
The Volkspolizei (German for "People's Police") served as the armed forces and the national police of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) from 1946 to 1956. The Volkspolizei was responsible for most law enforcement in East Germany, but because of its organisation and structure it was also considered a paramilitary force. Unlike police forces in most countries, they were equipped with armored personnel carriers and artillery and trained as military units.

Volkspolizei
The Deutsche Volkspolizei (DVP, German for "German People's Police"), commonly known as the Volkspolizei or VoPo, was the national uniformed police force of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) from 1945 to 1990. The Volkspolizei was a highly-centralized agency responsible for most civilian law enforcement in East Germany, maintaining roughly 257,500 personnel at its peak. It worked closely with the Stasi to maintain public order and identify threats to the government.
District 10 (Chamber of Deputies of Chile)
District 10 (Spanish: Distrito 10) is one of the 28 multi-member electoral districts of the Chamber of Deputies, the lower house of the National Congress, the national legislature of Chile. The district was created by the 2015 electoral reform and came into being at the following general election in 2017. It consists of the communes of La Granja, Macul, Ñuñoa, Providencia, San Joaquín and Santiago in the region of Santiago. The district currently elects eight of the 155 members of the Chamber of Deputies using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2021 general election the district had 991,939 registered electors.

Santiago Metropolitan Region
Santiago Metropolitan Region (Spanish: Región Metropolitana de Santiago) is one of Chile's 16 first-order administrative divisions. It is the country's only landlocked administrative region and contains the nation's capital, Santiago. Most commercial and administrative centers are located in the region, including Chile's main international airport, Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport.

With an area of 15,403.2 km2 (5,947 sq mi) and population over seven million, it is Chile's most populated and most densely populated region. It is also the most developed subdivision in all of South America with a very high HDI of 0.908.
Hills District Bulls
The Hills District Bulls is an Australian rugby league football club. It plays in the Parramatta District junior league based in Baulkham Hills at Crestwood Oval.

They have played in the Parramatta District since 1964. They field teams in all age groups including C-Grade, A-Grade, Sydney Shield and Ron Massey Cup competitions.

Baulkham Hills
Baulkham Hills (/bɔːlkʌm/) is a suburb in the Hills District of Greater Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is located within 30 kilometres (19 mi) north-west of the Sydney central business district mostly within the local government area of The Hills Shire, of which Baulkham Hills was formerly the administrative seat and namesake of The Hills Shire. A small section of the suburb which is located south of the Hills Motorway-Windsor Road intersection is part of the City of Parramatta.
Angamos Avenue
Angamos Avenue (Spanish: Avenida Angamos) is a major avenue of Lima, Peru. It changes its name to Primavera Avenue (Spanish: Avenida Primavera) after it crosses San Luis Avenue.

Angamos Avenue extends from west to east in the districts of San Isidro, Miraflores, Surquillo and San Borja along 45 blocks, starting at Mora Park until it reaches San Luis Avenue. Primavera Avenue passes through San Borja and Santiago de Surco's Chacarilla del Estanque neighbourhood, and continues into Monterrico.

San Borja District
San Borja is a district of the Lima Province in Peru, and one of the upscale districts that comprise the city of Lima.
Originally part of the district of Surquillo and San Isidro, it became officially established as a separate district on June 1, 1983.
4th New Jersey Regiment
The 4th New Jersey Regiment was raised on September 16, 1776, at Elizabethtown, New Jersey, for service with the Continental Army. The regiment would see action at the Battle of Brandywine, Battle of Germantown and the Battle of Monmouth. The regiment was disbanded on February 7, 1779, at Elizabethtown, New Jersey.

Elizabeth Township, New Jersey
Elizabeth Township, also called Elizabethtown, was a township that existed in Essex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, from 1664 until 1855. The town served as the first capital of New Jersey.

The area was initially part of the Elizabethtown Tract, purchased from the Lenape on October 28, 1664.

Elizabeth-Town Township was formed on October 31, 1693, while the area was still within Essex County. Elizabeth was incorporated as one of New Jersey's initial 104 townships by the Township Act of 1798 Act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 21, 1798. Portions of the township were taken to form Westfield Township (January 27, 1794), Springfield Township (April 14, 1794), Rahway Township (February 27, 1804) and Clinton Township (April 14, 1834).

On March 13, 1855, the City of Elizabeth was created, combining and replacing both Elizabeth Township and Elizabeth Borough. With the creation of the City of Elizabeth, Elizabeth Township was dissolved.
Pakistan–United States relations
Pakistan and the United States established relations on 15 August 1947, a day after the independence of Pakistan, when the United States became one of the first nations to recognise the country.

The relationship between the two nations has been described as a "roller coaster" characterised by close coordination and lows marked by deep bilateral estrangement. Despite its troubled history, the Pakistani military once occupied an important place in American geopolitical strategy, and has been a major non-NATO ally since 2002. After Pakistan's participation in the Afghan peace process and the Taliban takeover in Afghanistan in 2021, a sizeable number of US policy makers are revisiting the United States' relations with Pakistan. At the same time, the strategic convergence of the United States and India has also brought greater pressure on Pakistani diplomacy.

Michael Mullen
Michael Glenn "Mike" Mullen (born 4 October 1946) is a retired United States Navy admiral who served as the 17th chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from October 2007 to September 2011.

Mullen was the 32nd vice chief of naval operations from August 2003 to August 2004. He then was the commander of both the United States Naval Forces Europe and Africa and the Allied Joint Force Command Naples from October 2004 to May 2005. From July 2005 to September 2007, Mullen served as the Navy's 28th chief of naval operations.

As chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Mullen was the highest-ranking officer in the United States Armed Forces and diversified the top ranks of the Pentagon. He retired from the Navy after over 42 years of service. Since 2012, Mullen has been a visiting professor at the Princeton School of Public and International Affairs.
2026 Wheelchair Rugby League World Cup
The 2026 Wheelchair Rugby League World Cup will be the fifth staging of the Wheelchair Rugby League World Cup, and will be one of three major tournaments part of the 2026 Rugby League World Cup.

The competition was to be held in during October and  November 2025, but was moved to 2026 following the withdrawal of France as hosts nation. The competition will run in parallel with the men's and women's tournaments.

Due to the rescheduling, the competition will feature 8 teams only. An expansion was planned to double the number of teams for the original 2025 tournament.

Wheelchair Rugby League World Cup
The Wheelchair Rugby League World Cup is an international wheelchair rugby league tournament contested by the top national teams. The tournament was first held in Australia as part of the 2008 Festival of World Cups and was upgraded to a centrepiece event in 2021.
Giovanni Semerano
Giovanni Semerano (21 February 1913 – 20 July 2005) was an Italian philologist and linguist who studied the languages of Ancient Mesopotamia.

He obtained his degree in Florence, where among his teachers were the Hellenist Ettore Bignone, the philologist Giorgio Pasquali, the semitist Giuseppe Furlani and the linguists Giacomo Devoto and Bruno Migliorini.

At the beginning of his career, he taught Greek and Latin in a high school. In 1950 he was appointed Supervisor of Bibliography for Veneto and in 1955 for Tuscany. He taught some lessons of Medieval Latin at the University of Florence in a School of Latin palaeography. Afterwards, he was director of the Biblioteca Laurenziana and then of the Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale of Florence. In 1967 he was honoured with the gold medal for cultural merits. He was an honorary member of the Accademia Etrusca. He was also a member of the Oriental Institute of Chicago.

Bruno Migliorini
Bruno Migliorini (Italian pronunciation: [ˈbruːno miʎʎoˈriːni]; 19 November 1896 – 18 June 1975) was an Italian linguist and philologist. He was the author of one of the first scientific histories of Italian language and was president of the Accademia della Crusca.
Slovakia at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Slovakia participated at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan, held between 7 and 22 February 1998. The country's participation in the Games marked its second appearance at the Winter Olympics since its debut in the 1994 Games.

The Slovak team consisted of 37 athletes who competed across seven sports. Ivan Bátory served as the country's flag-bearer during the opening ceremony. Slovakia did not win any medals in the Games, and has not won a Winter Olympics medal as of these Games.

Slovakia at the 1994 Winter Olympics
Slovakia competed at the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, Norway.
It was the first Winter Games since the dissolution of Czechoslovakia, and so the Czech Republic and Slovakia competed as independent teams.
John Higham (historian)
John William Higham (October 26, 1920 – July 26, 2003) was an American historian, scholar of American culture, historiography and ethnicity. In the 1950s he was a prominent critic of consensus history. Historian Dorothy Ross says, "The multi-ethnic environment of his early life in Queens, the wartime optimism, and his immersion in Progressive history, with its fundamental faith in American democracy, gave him a vision of an egalitarian, cosmopolitan, American nationalism in which he never lost faith."

Dorothy Ross (historian)
Dorothy Ross (August 13, 1936 – May 22, 2024) was an American historian and Arthur O. Lovejoy Professor of History at Johns Hopkins University. She attended Smith College and Columbia University and taught at Hunter College and at the University of Virginia before Johns Hopkins. Her books include G. Stanley Hall: The Psychologist as Prophet (1972) and The Origins of American Social Science (1991). The Society for U.S. Intellectual History named the Dorothy Ross Prize after Ross to honor her work in the history of psychology and modern social science.

She was married to Stanford G. Ross for 62 years before he died. Together they had two children and two grandchildren. She died on May 22, 2024, at the age of 87.
Electoral district of Tamworth
Tamworth is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It is represented by the Kevin Anderson of the National Party.

Tamworth covers the entirety of Tamworth Regional Council, Gunnedah Shire, Walcha Shire and a small part of Liverpool Plains Shire around Werris Creek.

Electoral districts of New South Wales
The New South Wales Legislative Assembly is elected from single-member electorates called districts, returning 93 members since the 1999 election. Prior to 1927 some districts returned multiple members, including 1920-1927 when all districts returned three, four or five members. Parramatta is the only district to have continuously existed since the establishment of the Assembly in 1856.
Battle of Lier (1814)
The Battle of Lier (Norwegian: Slaget ved Lier) was fought on 2 August 1814 between Sweden and the newly independent Norway as part of the Swedish-Norwegian War of 1814. The battle was the first major action of the war, in which an outnumbered Swedish force attempted to storm the Norwegian entrenchment; the Norwegian victory served as an important part to boost morale among the Norwegian troops. This was the second time during the Napoleonic Wars that a battle had taken place at Lier, the first was in 1808.

Skotterud
Skotterud is the administrative centre of Eidskog Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located along the Norwegian National Road 2 and the Kongsvingerbanen railway line. Skotterud sits about 25 kilometres (16 mi) south of the town of Kongsvinger and about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) northwest of the village of Magnor which sits just inside the border with Sweden.

The 1.54-square-kilometre (380-acre) village has a population (2024) of 1,398 and a population density of 908 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,350/sq mi).

The village is located about 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) from Sweden, so there is some commercial and tourist traffic in the village. The local industry is heavily associated with forestry, including some sawmills and other timber-related businesses.
Al Waab
Al Waab (Arabic: الوعب, romanized: Al Wa‘b) is a district in the municipality of Al Rayyan in Qatar. The district has witnessed tremendous growth beginning in the mid-1990s, resulting in the construction of numerous residential compounds to house expatriates, villas, and commercial and medical developments. It is a district of Al Rayyan City, which, in turn, is a part of the Doha Metropolitan Area.

Located roughly 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from the Doha city center, the district is located next to some of Doha's most popular attractions such as the Aspire Zone and Villaggio Mall, both of which are located on Al Waab Street in neighboring Baaya. Gated compounds are very common in this district, numbering at 21 in 2016. Several Western-curriculum schools are located in or adjacent to the district, such as Doha College, Newton International School, and the American School of Doha.

Baaya
Baaya (Arabic: بعيا; also spelled as Baaja) is a district in the municipality of Al Rayyan in Qatar. It is one of the more developed districts in Al Rayyan, hosting Villaggio Mall, Aspire Park, and the Aspire Zone, all of which run along Al Waab Street.
George Finey
George Edmond Finey (16 March 1895 – 8 June 1987) was an Australian illustrator, cartoonist and caricaturist.  Born in New Zealand, he was most active as a black-and-white artist in Sydney from 1920 to the mid-1940s, during which time he worked for Smith's Weekly, the Labor Daily, the Daily Telegraph and other newspapers and publications.  The left-wing pacifist and humanist viewpoint in his political cartoons were the subject of criticism and censure from both the left and right during his career, but Finey remained uncompromising in his political views.

During his period with Smith's Weekly in the 1920s Finey developed outstanding skills as a caricaturist, a category of his art practice for which he was especially admired in his lifetime.  The journal Art in Australia dedicated an entire issue to his caricatures in June 1931.  Finey moved to the Blue Mountains in 1942.  In his later artistic career Finey was known for his expressionistic and mixed media paintings and sculpture.

Tribune (Australian newspaper)
Tribune was the official newspaper of the Communist Party of Australia. It was published by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Australia from 1939 to 1991. Initially it was subtitled as Tribune: The People's Paper. It was also published as the Qld Guardian, Guardian (Melbourne), Forward (Sydney). It had previously been published as The Australian Communist, (1920-1921) The Communist, (1921-1923) and the Workers' Weekly (1923-1939).

The Tribune for the years 1939–1991 has been digitised, as part of the Australian Newspapers Digitisation Program of the National Library of Australia.
1989 Wexford Senior Hurling Championship
The 1989 Wexford Senior Hurling Championship was the 79th completed staging of the Wexford Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Wexford County Board in 1889.

Buffers Alley entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final, was played on 24 September 1989 at Wexford Park, between Buffers Alley and Oulart–the Ballagh, in what was their third meeting in the final overall and a first meeting in seven years. Buffers Alley won the match by 3–16 to 2–13 to claim their 10th championship title overall and a second title in succession.

1988 Wexford Senior Hurling Championship
The 1988 Wexford Senior Hurling Championship was the 78th completed staging of the Wexford Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Wexford County Board in 1889.

Rathnure entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final, a replay, was played on 23 October 1988 at Wexford Park, between Buffers Alley and Rathnure, in what was their sixth meeting in the final overall and a first meeting in three years. Buffers Alley won the match by 2–10 to 1–05 to claim their ninth championship title overall and a first title in three years.