hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2018 Breeders' Cup Challenge series
The 2018 Breeders' Cup Challenge series provided winners of the designated races an automatic "Win and You're In" Berth in the 2018 Breeders' Cup, held on November 2 and 3. The Breeders' Cup also pays the entry fee and provides a travel allowance for the connections of the challenge race winners. Races were chosen by the Breeders' Cup organization and included key races in the various Breeders' Cup divisions from around the world.

2018 Breeders' Cup
The 2018 Breeders' Cup World Championships was the 35th edition of the premier event of the North American thoroughbred horse racing year. The 14 races, all but one of which were Grade I, took place on November 2 and 3 at Churchill Downs in Louisville, Kentucky. The races were telecast by NBCSN on Friday and early Saturday, and by NBC later on Saturday. The Breeders' Cup is generally regarded as the end of the North American racing season, although a few Grade I events take place in later November and December. The event typically determines champions in many of the Eclipse Award divisions, although it was missing the eventual Horse of the Year, Triple Crown champion Justify, who was retired in July.
Third Coast Percussion
Third Coast Percussion is an American percussion ensemble based in Chicago, Illinois, United States.

Specializing in contemporary classical music, the group is composed of Sean Connors, Robert Dillon, Peter Martin, and David Skidmore. Its album, Third Coast Percussion | Steve Reich, won a Grammy Award for Best Chamber Music/Small Ensemble Performance, making the ensemble the first percussion group to win in a chamber music category.

Grammy Award for Best Chamber Music/Small Ensemble Performance
The Grammy Award for Best Chamber Music/Small Ensemble Performance) has been awarded since 1997.  In its early years, its title included the addition "(with or without a conductor)" and up to 2012 it was known as Best Small Ensemble Performance..

In 1991 the Grammy for Best Chamber Music Performance also included small ensemble performances.
Phosphite (ion)
A phosphite ion in inorganic chemistry usually refers to [HPO3]2− but includes [H2PO3]− ([HPO2(OH)]−).  These anions are the conjugate bases of  phosphorous acid (H3PO3).  The corresponding salts, e.g. sodium phosphite (Na2HPO3) are reducing in character.

Phosphinate
Phosphinates or hypophosphites are a class of phosphorus compounds conceptually based on the structure of hypophosphorous acid. IUPAC prefers the term phosphinate in all cases, however in practice hypophosphite is usually used to describe inorganic species (e.g. sodium hypophosphite), while phosphinate typically refers to organophosphorus species.
María Maluenda
María Adela Maluenda Campos (6 March 1920 – 29 August 2011) was a Chilean actress and politician. She was a militant of the Communist Party and the Party for Democracy, and a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1965 to 1969 and 1990 to 1994.

She was an active defender of human rights during the Chilean military dictatorship, especially after the death of her son, the sociologist José Manuel Parada Maluenda in the Caso Degollados (Degollados Case).

Chamber of Deputies of Chile
33°02′52″S 71°36′21″W﻿ / ﻿33.04778°S 71.60583°W﻿ / -33.04778; -71.60583

The Chamber of Deputies (Spanish: Cámara de Diputadas y Diputados) is the lower house of Chile's bicameral Congress. Its organisation and its powers and duties are defined in articles 42 to 59 of Chile's current constitution.
Fuzhou South railway station
Fuzhounan (Fuzhou South) Railway Station (Chinese: 福州南站; pinyin: Fúzhōu Nánzhàn; Foochow Romanized: Hók-ciŭ Nàng-câng) is a metro station and a railway station located in Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China, along the Wenzhou–Fuzhou railway and Fuzhou–Xiamen railway operated by the CR Nanchang, part of the China Railway Corporation. It is the largest railway station in Fujian.

Wenzhou–Fuzhou railway
The Wenzhou–Fuzhou railway, also known as the Wenfu railway, (Chinese: 温福铁路) is a dual-track, electrified, high-speed rail line running between Wenzhou in Zhejiang and Fuzhou, the capital of Fujian.  The line has a total length of 298.4 km (185.4 mi) and forms part of the Hangzhou–Fuzhou–Shenzhen passenger-dedicated railway.  Construction began in August 2005, and the line opened to freight traffic on July 1, 2009.  Passenger service began on September 28, 2009.  Trains running on the line reach top speeds of 250 kilometres per hour, and the shortest trip between Wenzhou and Fuzhou takes 1.5 hours.  The line required investment of  ¥12.66 billion. To improve connections between Fuzhou and Zhejiang, the government is proposing to build a faster parallel passenger dedicated line called the Wenzhou–Fuzhou high-speed railway.
Sri Ramulayya
Sri Ramulayya is a 1998 Indian Telugu-language biographical film, based on the life of Paritala Sriramulu, father of politician Paritala Ravindra, directed by N. Shankar. The film stars Mohan Babu, Nandamuri Harikrishna and Soundarya. The film was a box office hit and won two Nandi Awards.

Nandi Awards
The Nandi Awards were annual awards presented by the Government of Andhra Pradesh to recognise excellence in Telugu cinema, theatre, and television, as well as lifetime achievements in Indian cinema. The awards were named after the monolithic sculpture of the sacred bull in Hinduism, Nandi, at Lepakshi, a cultural and historical symbol of the Telugu people.

The Nandi Awards were categorised into four levels: Swarnam (Gold), Rajatam (Silver), Kamsyam (Bronze), and Raagi (Copper). In addition to film and television awards, the government also presented the Nandi Natakotsavam Awards to honour outstanding contributions in social, mythological, and poetic dramas in Telugu theatre.
Tighearnach ua Cleirigh
Tighearnach ua Cleirigh (died 916) was King of Uí Fiachrach Aidhne.

Sub anno 916, the Annals of the Four Masters states  Tighearnach ua Cleirigh, lord of Aidhne, died. He appears to have been a son of the previous king, Maelfabhaill mac Cleireach. His appellation was therefore not a surname, merely denoting he was the grandson of Cleireach. However, his descendants adopted the surname Ó Cléirigh, and all subsequent bearers of the name are believed to descend from him. Notables include:

Flann Ua Clerigh, fl. 952, apparently the first to use the surname.

Mac Comhaltan Ua Cleirigh,  King of Uí Fiachrach Aidhne, fl. 964.

Ruaidhrí mac Coscraigh, fl. 993

Mac Comhaltan Ua Cleirigh, fl. 998, alias Muireadhach?

Gilla Ceallaigh Ua Cleirigh, died 1003

Lughaidh Ó Cléirigh  (fl. 1595–1630)

Mícheál Ó Cléirigh (c. 1590–1643), considered the chief author of the chronicle of medieval Irish history known as the Annals of the Four Masters.

Cú Choigcríche Ó Cléirigh (died 1664)

Annals of the Four Masters
The Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland (Middle Irish: Annála Ríoghachta Éireann) or the Annals of the Four Masters (Annála na gCeithre Máistrí) are chronicles of medieval Irish history. The entries span from the Deluge, dated as 2,242 years after creation to AD 1616.

The work was compiled between 1632 and 1636 under the direction of Mícheál Ó Cléirigh and his collaborators, collectively known as the Four Masters. According to modern scholarship, the compilation began at the Franciscan house of refuge at Bundrowes (Bun Drobhaoise) in Bundoran, County Donegal, which served as a base for the friars following the destruction of their original monastery at Donegal Town.
Golden Mile (Leicester)
The Golden Mile is a name given to Belgrave Road, just north east of the city centre in Leicester, England. The road sells the most gold in all of Europe. It is part of the ancient Roman Fosse Way and today is famed for its jewellers, Indian restaurants, sari shops, annual winter illuminations and its internationally renowned annual Diwali celebrations, the largest of their kind outside of India.

Fosse Way
The Fosse Way was a Roman road built in Britain during the first and second centuries AD that linked Isca Dumnoniorum (Exeter) in the southwest and Lindum Colonia (Lincoln) to the northeast, via Lindinis (Ilchester), Aquae Sulis (Bath), Corinium (Cirencester), and Ratae Corieltauvorum (Leicester). Much of its route is still used by modern roads, lanes and byways.
Noosfera (icebreaker)
Noosfera (Ukrainian: Ноосфера, lit. 'Noosphere') is a polar supply and research ship operated by the National Antarctic Scientific Center of Ukraine. Until 2021, she was operated by the British Antarctic Survey and named RRS James Clark Ross.

Research vessel
A research vessel (RV or R/V) is a ship or boat designed, modified, or equipped to carry out research at sea. Research vessels carry out a number of roles which can be combined into a single vessel but others require a dedicated vessel. Due to the demanding nature of the work, research vessels may be constructed around an icebreaker hull, allowing them to operate in polar waters.
Tilford
Tilford is a village and civil parish centred at the point where the two branches of the River Wey merge in Surrey, England, 3 miles (4.8 km) south-east of Farnham. It has half of Charleshill, Elstead in its east, a steep northern outcrop of the Greensand Ridge at Crooksbury Hill on Crooksbury Common in the north and Farnham Common (woodland) Nature Reserve in the west, which has the Rural Life Living Museum. As the Greensand Ridge in its western section is in two parts, the Greensand Way has a connecting spur here to its main route running east–west to the south.

Greensand Ridge
The Greensand Ridge, also known as the Wealden Greensand, is an extensive, prominent, often wooded, mixed greensand/sandstone escarpment in south-east England. Forming part of the Weald, a former dense forest in Sussex, Surrey and Kent, it runs to and from the East Sussex coast, wrapping around the High Weald and Low Weald. It reaches its highest elevation, 294 metres (965 ft), at Leith Hill in Surrey—the second highest point in south-east England, while another hill in its range, Blackdown, is the highest point in Sussex at 280 metres (919 ft). The eastern end of the ridge forms the northern boundary of Romney Marsh.

About 51 per cent of the Wealden Greensand is protected as the South Downs National Park, Kent Downs Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and Surrey Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
Bay Express (horse)
Bay Express (14 April 1971 – December 1990) was an Irish-bred British-trained Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. A specialist sprinter, he showed some promise when winning one minor race as a two-year-old in 1973. In the following year he won all three of his races including the Temple Stakes and the King's Stand Stakes before his season was ended by injury. As a four-year-old in 1975 he established himself as the best British-trained sprinter of the year with an emphatic win in the Nunthorpe Stakes. He later had some success as a breeding stallion.

Temple Stakes
The Temple Stakes is a Group 2 flat horse race in Great Britain open to horses aged three years or older. It is run at Haydock Park over a distance of 5 furlongs (1,006 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in May.

The event was established in 1965, and it was originally held at Sandown Park. It was transferred to its present venue in 2008.

The leading horses from the Temple Stakes often go on to compete in the King Charles III Stakes. The last to win both races in the same year was Profitable in 2016.
Columbus metropolitan area, Georgia
The Columbus metropolitan area, officially the Columbus metropolitan statistical area, and colloquially known as Greater Columbus or the Chattahoochee Valley, is a metropolitan statistical area consisting of six counties in the U.S. state of Georgia and one county in Alabama, anchored by the city of Columbus.

At the 2020 U.S. census, the Columbus area had a population of 328,883; in 2022, the U.S. Census Bureau estimated the Columbus MSA's population to be 324,110.

The Columbus metropolitan area is a component of the Columbus-Auburn-Opelika (GA-AL) combined statistical area, a trading and marketing region. It is split between the eastern time zone, the time zone of the Georgia metropolitan counties, and central time zone, the time zone of Russell County, Alabama. The Columbus metropolitan area is one of two metropolitan areas split between multiple time zones, with the other being the Chattanooga metropolitan area in Tennessee.

Chattanooga metropolitan area
The Chattanooga, TN-GA metropolitan statistical area, as defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget, is an area consisting of six counties – three in southeast Tennessee (Hamilton, Marion, and Sequatchie) and three in northwest Georgia (Catoosa, Dade, and Walker) – anchored by the city of Chattanooga. As of the 2020 census, the Chattanooga metropolitan area had a population of 562,647. This metropolitan area traverses two time zones.
Na Di, Samut Sakhon
Na Di (Thai: นาดี, pronounced [nāː dīː]) is a subdistrict of Mueang Samut Sakhon district, Samut Sakhon province in central Thailand. As of 2024, it had a population of 28,338. Na Di lies south-southwest of Bangkok.

Samut Sakhon province
Samut Sakhon (Thai: สมุทรสาคร, pronounced [sā.mùt sǎː.kʰɔ̄ːn]) is one of the central provinces (changwat) of Thailand, located along the coast of the Gulf of Thailand. In 2024, it had a population of 590,867, and an area of 866 km2 (334 sq mi), making it the 43rd most populated province whilst being the 4th smallest.
Beauty on Parade (film)
Beauty on Parade is a 1950 American drama film directed by Lew Landers and starring Robert Hutton, Ruth Warrick and Lola Albright. It opened in Los Angeles on March 18, 1950, as the second feature to Guilty of Treason.

Guilty of Treason
Guilty of Treason is a 1950 American drama film directed by Felix E. Feist and starring Charles Bickford, Bonita Granville and Paul Kelly. Also known by the alternative title Treason, it is an anti-communist and anti-Soviet film about the story of József Mindszenty, a Roman Catholic cardinal from Hungary. Mindszenty opposed the Nazi occupation of his country during World War II as well as the later communist regime. Because of his outspoken opposition to communism, Mindszenty was arrested and tortured. After his release, he took refuge in the American embassy in Budapest for many years, maintaining his support for the Hungarians who wanted an end to the Russian occupation.
Presidential elections in the Maldives
The election of the president and the vice president of the Maldives is presidential elections that determine who will serve as the President of the Maldives for the next 5 years (previously four terms in 1968).

The presidential elections has taken place thirteen times; 1952, 1968, 1973, 1978, 1983, 1988, 1993, 1998, 2003, 2008, 2013, 2018, 2023. Out of the 13 elections, the 2008 election was the first democratic elections of the country and after 2008, all elections were democratic. The next presidential election is scheduled for 2028.

President of the Maldives
The president of the Republic of Maldives (Dhivehi: ދިވެހިރާއްޖޭގެ ރައީސުލްޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ, romanized: Dhivehi Raajjeyge Raeesuljumhooriyyaa) is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of Maldives and the commander-in-chief of the Maldives National Defence Force.

The current president is Mohamed Muizzu, who was elected in 2023 with 54.05% of the vote, defeating then-incumbent president Ibrahim Mohamed Solih.
Wendell Jerome Campbell
Wendell Campbell (April 27, 1927  –  July 9, 2008) was an African American architect who studied under Mies Van Der Rohe and Ludwig Hilberseimer while attending the Illinois Institute of Technology. Campbell graduated in 1957 with a Bachelor of Arts in Architecture and City Planning, and after difficulty in finding work due to racial prejudice he founded his own firm in 1966. Campbell is noted for his contributions to several building projects throughout Chicago and Gary, Indiana as well as his redevelopment plans for major US cities. In 1971 Campbell co-founded and served as the first president of the National Organization of Minority Architects. In 1976 he was awarded the prestigious Whitney Young Medal of Honor by the American Institute of Architects (AIA) and designated as a fellow of the AIA in 1979.

National Organization of Minority Architects
The National Organization of Minority Architects (NOMA) is a professional organization for individuals practicing architecture and allied professionals to advance justice and equity in communities of color.
Arctesthes siris
Arctesthes siris is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is endemic to New Zealand and has only been found in a handful of mountainous areas in Central Otago. As of 2019 the larvae of this species has not been described but the larval hosts of this species are low growing plants in the genera Coprosma and Plantago. Adults are day flying and are on the wing from early December until mid April. This species inhabits mountainous wetland areas and snowbanks. It has been observed flying low over its preferred habitat and has been seen together with its sister species A. catapyrrha. A. siris can be distinguished from A. catapyrrha as A. siris has a noticeable concave curve in the proximal line of its forewing.

Coprosma
Coprosma is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in New Zealand, Hawaiian Islands, Borneo, Java, New Guinea, islands of the Pacific Ocean to Australia and the Juan Fernández Islands.
Glossary of commutative algebra
This is a glossary of commutative algebra.

See also list of algebraic geometry topics, glossary of classical algebraic geometry, glossary of algebraic geometry, glossary of ring theory and glossary of module theory.

In this article, all rings are assumed to be commutative with identity 1.

Going up and going down
In commutative algebra, a branch of mathematics, going up and going down are terms which refer to certain properties of chains of prime ideals in integral extensions.

The phrase going up refers to the case when a chain can be extended by "upward inclusion", while going down refers to the case when a chain can be extended by "downward inclusion".

The major results are the Cohen–Seidenberg theorems, which were proved by Irvin S. Cohen and Abraham Seidenberg. These are known as the going-up and going-down theorems.
Miguel Cortijo
Miguel Alberto Cortijo (born August 22, 1958 in La Banda, Santiago del Estero) is a retired Argentine basketball player. He spent his mostly career at Ferro Carril Oeste, the club where he won 4 local titles. Cortijo is considered one of the best point guards in Argentine basketball history.

La Banda
La Banda is a city in the province of Santiago del Estero, Argentina. It has about 95,000 inhabitants as per the 2001 census [INDEC], making it the second largest in the province. It is the head town of the Banda Department.

La Banda is located only 8 km away from the provincial capital Santiago del Estero, separated from it by the course of the Dulce River, which is crossed by two connecting bridges. The two cities form a metropolitan area with about 280,000 inhabitants. Close to it, the Dulce is turned into an artificial lake by the Los Quiroga Dam.

Besides the access to National Route 9 through Santiago del Estero, the city is linked to Tucumán and to Buenos Aires by a weekly train service of the Ferrocarril General Bartolomé Mitre.

La Banda is the birthplace of the infamous former provincial governor and caudillo Carlos Arturo Juárez.
Pune division
Pune Division (better known as Paschim Maharashtra or Desh) is one of the six administrative divisions of the Indian State of Maharashtra. Pune Division is bound by Konkan Division to the west, Nashik Division to the north, Aurangabad Division to the east, and the state of Karnataka to the south.

It includes some of the most developed and most populous areas of Maharashtra.

Pune district
Pune district (Marathi pronunciation: [puɳeː]) is a district in Western Maharashtra with Administrative Headquarters in Pune city. Pune district is the most populous district in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is one of the most industrialized districts in India.
Reunion (British TV series)
Reunion is a British television drama miniseries that aired from 7 to 15 April 2025 on BBC One. The cast is led by Matthew Gurney as Daniel Brennan and includes Lara Peake, Anne-Marie Duff, Eddie Marsan, and Rose Ayling-Ellis. The majority of the cast and the crew on the series are deaf or use British Sign Language.

Eddie Marsan
Edward Maurice Charles Marsan OBE (born 9 June 1968) is an English actor. He won the London Film Critics Circle Award and the National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actor for the film Happy-Go-Lucky (2008).
Vidas Paralelas
Vidas Paralelas is an upcoming Brazilian telenovela produced and broadcast by TV Globo, scheduled to premiere in the first half of 2026. It will be the network’s first-ever "novela das cinco" (5 p.m. telenovela).

Created and written by Walcyr Carrasco, the telenovela will feature co-authorship by Cristianne Fridman and direction by Adriano Melo.

The main cast includes Giullia Buscacio, Flávia Alessandra, Marcelo Serrado, André Luiz Frambach, Kelzy Ecard, Bia Montez, Felipe Camargo, and Olívia Araújo.

Cara e Coragem
Cara e Coragem is a Brazilian telenovela produced and broadcast by TV Globo, that aired from 30 May 2022 to 13 January 2023. The telenovela is created by Claudia Souto and co-written with Isadora Wilkinson, Julia Laks, Wendell Bendelack, and Zé Dassilva. It stars Paolla Oliveira, Marcelo Serrado, and Taís Araújo.

In 2023, the show was nominated for the International Emmy Award for Best Telenovela.
Marc Fleurbaey
Marc Fleurbaey (born 11 October 1961) is a French researcher specialized in normative economics and social choice theory. He has been researcher and professor in the United Kingdom, France and the United States since 1994. He is currently professor at the Paris School of Economics.

Paris School of Economics
The Paris School of Economics (PSE; French: École d'économie de Paris) is a French research institute in the field of economics.  It offers MPhil, MSc, and PhD level programmes in various fields of theoretical and applied economics, including macroeconomics, econometrics, political economy and international economics.

PSE is a brainchild of the École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS, where the students are enrolled primarily), École normale supérieure · PSL (ENS), the École des ponts and University Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne. It is physically located on the ENS-PSL Jourdan campus, in the 14th arrondissement of Paris. It was founded in 2006 as a coalition of grandes écoles, a university and an école normale supérieure to unify high-level research in economics across French academia, and was first presided by economist Thomas Piketty.
Augland
Augland is a neighbourhood in the city of Kristiansand in Agder county, Norway.  The neighborhood is located in the borough of Vågsbygd and in the district of Vågsbygd.  Augland is north of Auglandsbukta, south of Auglandslia, east of Auglandskollen, and west of Skyllingsheia. Vågsbygd Church is located in the neighborhood.

Skyllingsheia
Skyllingsheia is a neighbourhood in the city of Kristiansand in Agder county, Norway.  It is located in the borough of Vågsbygd and in the district of Vågsbygd. Skyllingsheia is north of the neighborhood of Auglandsbukta, south of Lumber, and east of central Vågsbygd.