hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Massachusetts pound
The pound was the currency of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and its colonial predecessors until 1793. The Massachusetts pound used the £sd currency system of 1 pound divided into 20 shillings, each of 12 pence. Initially, sterling coin and foreign currencies circulated in Massachusetts, supplemented by pine tree shillings produced by John Hull between 1652 and 1682 and by local paper money as of 1690.

The paper money issued in colonial Massachusetts was denominated in £sd, although it was worth less than sterling. Initially, six shillings were equal to one Spanish dollar. After years of high inflation, in 1749 Massachusetts withdrew its paper money from circulation and returned to specie.

Massachusetts resumed issuing paper money after the American Revolutionary War began in 1775. The state currency depreciated greatly and was replaced by the U.S. dollar in 1793.

John Hull (merchant)
John Hull (December 18, 1624 – October 1, 1683) was an English-born merchant, silversmith, slave trader and politician who spent the majority of his life in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. After arriving in North America, he worked as a silversmith in Boston before becoming the moneyer responsible for issuing the colony's pine tree shillings in the mid-17th century. Hull was also a successful merchant and engaged in slave-trading on multiple occasions. He was also an early benefactor of Harvard College and a co-founder of the Old South Church.
Inverness Cup
The Inverness Cup is a football competition for teams around Inverness in the Scottish Highlands. Originally, it was contested by the four Inverness based teams: Caledonian, Citadel, Clachnacuddin and Thistle, but became an invitational tournament to increase the number of clubs competing.

Interest in the tournament eventually diminished, with competition from the Highland League Cup and North of Scotland Cup, along with fixture congestion for Inverness CT, Ross County and Elgin City, who were now playing in the SPFL.

Although the competition was never formally discontinued, it hadn't been contested since 2005–06, other than a one-off revival between Clachnacuddin and Inverness Caledonian Thistle in the 2023–24 season

North of Scotland Cup
The North of Scotland Cup is a knock-out tournament for football teams in membership of the North of Scotland Football Association. The teams involved are based in the Highlands and Moray and membership consists of senior clubs from the Scottish Professional Football League (SPFL), Highland Football League and North Caledonian League.
Herbert Sobel
Herbert Maxwell Sobel (January 26, 1912 – September 30, 1987) was an American soldier who served as a commissioned officer with Easy Company, 2nd Battalion, 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment, in the 101st Airborne Division during World War II. Known as a tough, strict, and divisive training commander, Sobel was ultimately replaced as company commander prior to D-Day due to his inadequacy in the field.

Sobel's story was featured in historian Stephen E. Ambrose's book Band of Brothers, and he was portrayed by David Schwimmer in the HBO miniseries of the same name.

Stephen E. Ambrose
Stephen Edward Ambrose (January 10, 1936 – October 13, 2002) was an American historian, academic, and author, most noted for his books on World War II and his biographies of U.S. presidents Dwight D. Eisenhower and Richard Nixon. He was a longtime professor of history at the University of New Orleans and the author of many bestselling volumes of American popular history.

In 2002, several instances of plagiarism were discovered in his books. In 2010, after his death, Ambrose was found to have fabricated interviews and events in his biographies of Eisenhower.
Cowley Thomas
Cowley Thomas, CBE (27 June 1900 - September 1977) was a captain in the Royal Navy who served in Great War and  World War II. Between the wars he served in the Royal Navy Submarine Service. He retired in 1934, but was recalled to active duty in 1938. During the Second World War he served as the Naval Officer in Charge of Tripoli, Bizerta, Taranto, Port-en-Bessin and Antwerp.

Captain (Royal Navy)
Captain (Capt.) is a senior officer rank of the Royal Navy. It ranks above commander and below commodore and has a NATO ranking code of OF-5.  The rank is equivalent to a colonel in the British Army and Royal Marines, and to a group captain in the Royal Air Force.  There are similarly named equivalent ranks in the navies of many other countries.
Mary DuBuisson
Mary DuBuisson is an American politician who served as a member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from the 90th district. She represented parts of St. Tammany Parish from December 19, 2018, to January 8, 2024.

Louisiana House of Representatives
The Louisiana House of Representatives (French: Chambre des Représentants de Louisiane; Spanish: Cámara de Representantes de Luisiana) is the lower house in the Louisiana State Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Louisiana. This chamber is composed of 105 representatives, each of whom represents approximately 42,500 people (2000 figures). Members serve four-year terms with a term limit of three terms (twelve years). The House is one of the five state legislative lower houses that has a four-year term, as opposed to the near-universal two-year term.

The House convenes at the State Capitol in Baton Rouge.
Ana García-Siñeriz
Ana María Aurora García-Siñeriz Alonso (born 26 July 1965) is a Spanish TV presenter.

She has a bachelor's degree in journalism from the Universidad Complutense de Madrid and a master's degree in radio from Radio Nacional de España. She worked in Lo + plus and Magacine in Canal+. She was the presenter, along with Boris Izaguirre, of TV show Channel nº4, which aired on Cuatro from 2005 to 2008. She is married to Gauthier Peyrouzet and has two children: Mateo (b. 1997) and Chloe (b. 2000).

Cuatro (TV channel)
Cuatro (stylized as cuatro°, "Four") is a Spanish free-to-air television channel that was launched in November 2005. Owned by Mediaset España, the Spanish subsidiary of the Italian Mediaset group, it is broadcast on TV frequencies licensed to the previous owner PRISA TV in 1990 and previously used by them for the analogue transmission of their subscription channel Canal+.
Pat E. Johnson
Patrick E. Johnson (December 31, 1939 – November 5, 2023) was an American martial artist and actor. He was a 9th degree black belt in American Tang Soo Do and was the president of the National Tang Soo Do Congress, which was originally created by Chuck Norris in 1973.

Johnson was famous for the martial arts choreography in The Karate Kid series, in which he also starred as the All Valley Karate Tournament head referee, and was involved in many films, as choreographer and actor, including Enter the Dragon (as a Mafia collection-agent who gets coldcocked by John Saxon), Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, Mortal Kombat, Green Street Hooligans, and Punisher: War Zone. He was the 1995 Black Belt magazine Instructor of the Year.

Black Belt (magazine)
Black Belt is an American magazine covering martial arts and combat sports. The magazine is based in Hollywood, California, and is one of the oldest titles dedicated to martial arts in the United States.
Carlos Ricardo Benavides Jiménez
Carlos Ricardo Benavides Jiménez (born August 29, 1969) is a Costa Rican lawyer, businessman, and politician. He served as President of the Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica from 2019 and 2020 and is currently serving as a Deputy of Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica representing the San José Province. Benavides holds a Law degree and public notary from the University of Costa Rica.

Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica
The Legislative Assembly (Spanish: Asamblea Legislativa) forms the unicameral legislative branch of the Costa Rican government. The national congress building is located in the capital city, San José, specifically in the Carmen district.

The Legislative Assembly is composed of 57 deputies (Spanish: diputados), who are elected by direct, universal, popular vote on a closed party list, proportional representation basis, by province, for four-year terms. A 1949 constitutional amendment prevents deputies from serving for two successive terms, though a deputy may run for an Assembly seat again after sitting out a term. As of March 2019, a proposal to switch to mixed-member proportional representation based on the German system is under discussion.
Teófilo Cruz
Teófilo "Teo" Cruz Downs (January 8, 1942 – August 30, 2005) was a Puerto Rican professional basketball player. After playing college basketball, Cruz played in Puerto Rico's top-level league, the Baloncesto Superior Nacional (BSN) with Cangrejeros de Santurce, Indios de Canóvanas, Mets de Guaynabo, Cardenales de Río Piedras, and Taínos de Mayagüez. Cruz also played in Spain with Picadero Damm, and in Belgium with Racing Club Mechelen.

Cruz was also a member of the senior Puerto Rican national basketball team, and he represented Puerto Rico in five Summer Olympic Games, from 1960 to 1976, making him the first athlete to do so. On March 1, 2007, he became an International Basketball Federation (FIBA) Hall of Famer.

Maratonistas de Coamo
The Maratonistas de Coamo (English: Coamo Marathon Runners) was a Puerto Rican professional basketball team based in Coamo, that competed in the National Superior Basketball (BSN) league from 1985 until 2015 when the team was sold and was relocated to Aguada as the Santeros. It is now a member of the Liga de Baloncesto Puertorriqueña, and recently won the LBP championship. Their home court was the Edwin "Puruco" Nolasco Coliseum.

The team was established as the Cardenales de Rio Piedras (Rio Piedras Cardinals) in 1940. They relocated in 1985 to the town of Coamo in central Puerto Rico. As the Cardinals, the franchise advanced to the BSN Finals 15 times, and won six BSN Championships. In Coamo, the Maratonistas advanced to their first and only finals berth in 2004, appearing there for the sixteenth time in franchise history and first since 1977, when the club was based in Río Piedras. The team ended up losing to the Ponce Lions in seven games.
Queich Valley Cycleway
The Queich Valley Cycleway (German: Queichtalradweg) is a cycle path in Germany that runs from Hauenstein to Germersheim. It begins in Hauenstein at the source of the River Queich in the Palatine Forest and passes, inter alia, through Rinnthal, Landau in der Pfalz and Offenbach an der Queich, until it ends in Germersheim.

Hauenstein
Hauenstein (German pronunciation: [ˈhaʊənˌʃtaɪn]) is a municipality in the Südwestpfalz district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is situated in the Palatinate forest, approximately 20 km east of Pirmasens, and 20 km west of Landau.

Hauenstein is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") Hauenstein.

It is an important centre for the shoe industry, and is home to the German Shoe Museum (Deutsches Schuhmuseum).
Battle of 1047 between Casimir I and Miecław
The Battle of 1047 between Casimir I and Miecław (Polish: Bitwa Kazimierza I z Miecławem 1047 roku) was fought in 1047, during the Miecław's Rebellion, between the Duchy of Poland led by Casimir I the Restorer and its ally, Kievan Rus' led by Yaroslav the Wise, against the forces of Miecław, the self-proclaimed leader of his state, with his ally, the Duchy of Pomerelia. The battle was fought near an unknown river in Masovia.

It was part of a campaign organized by Casimir I, during which, he had invaded Miecław's state. The battle ended with a decisive Polish victory, the death of Miecław, and the destruction of his forces. Subsequently, Miecław's state was reincorporated into Poland soon after.

Casimir I the Restorer
Casimir I the Restorer (Polish: Kazimierz I Odnowiciel; 25 July 1016 – 19 March 1058), a member of the Piast dynasty, was the duke of Poland from 1040 until his death. Casimir was the son of Mieszko II Lambert and Richeza of Lotharingia. He is known as the Restorer because he managed to reunite parts of the Kingdom of Poland after a period of turmoil. He reincorporated Masovia and conquered Silesia and Pomerania. However, he failed to crown himself King of Poland, mainly because of internal and external threats to his rule.
A Wind Named Amnesia
A Wind Named Amnesia, also known as The Wind of Amnesia in Australia and the United Kingdom, is a Japanese novel authored by Hideyuki Kikuchi, originally published in 1983 by Asahi Sonorama. An anime film adaptation by Madhouse was released theatrically on December 22, 1990, directed by Kazuo Yamazaki. An English adaptation of the film was produced and released by Manga Entertainment on home video in Australia and the UK and by Central Park Media in North America.

Manga Entertainment
Manga Entertainment was a producer, licensee, and distributor of anime in the United Kingdom and Ireland, the United States, and Australia. Originally founded in the UK in 1991, the UK branch became Crunchyroll UK and Ireland, also currently known as Crunchyroll Ltd. since 2022, while its U.S. branch was absorbed into Starz Inc. (now owned by Lionsgate).

Despite its name, the company's principal business was the distribution of anime rather than manga, although they published some manga (such as Crying Freeman) under the Manga Books imprint.
Jagdstaffel 13
Royal Prussian Jagdstaffel 13 was a World War I "hunting group" (i.e., fighter squadron) of the Luftstreitkräfte, the air arm of the Imperial German Army during World War I. The unit would score 108 aerial victories during the war, at the expense of twelve killed in action, one killed in a flying accident, two wounded in action, and two taken prisoner of war.

Jagdstaffel 22
Royal Saxon Jagdstaffel 22 was a "hunting group" (i.e., fighter squadron) of the Luftstreitkräfte, the air arm of the Imperial German Army during World War I. As one of the original German fighter squadrons, the unit would score 57 verified aerial victories. Their eleven wins over enemy observation balloons made them a balloon buster squadron.

In turn, their casualties for the war would amount to five pilots killed in action, four killed in midair crashes, one killed in another flying accident, two wounded in action, and two taken prisoner of war.
Société des Chemins de Fer Vicinaux du Congo
The Société des Chemins de Fer Vicinaux du Congo (lit. 'Company of Minor Railways of the Congo'), known as CVC or Vicicongo, was a railway company that operated the narrow gauge Vicicongo line and provided trucking services in the northeast Belgian Congo, and then in the Democratic Republic of the Congo between 1924 and 1974. It provided transport for agricultural goods produced in the northeast that were shipped on the Congo River to Léopoldville (Kinshasa). After independence in 1960 there were civil disturbances and the railway was poorly maintained. The company was taken over by the state in 1974. 
Later there were further disturbances in which the stations were destroyed and the rolling stock used as a source of metal.
The track is decrepit and no longer usable.

Congo River
The Congo River, formerly also known as the Zaire River, is the second-longest river in Africa, shorter only than the Nile, as well as the third largest river in the world by discharge volume, following the Amazon and Ganges–Brahmaputra rivers. It is the world's deepest recorded river, with measured depths of around 220 m (720 ft). The Congo–Lualaba–Luvua–Luapula–Chambeshi River system has an overall length of 4,700 km (2,900 mi), which makes it the world's ninth-longest river. The Chambeshi is a tributary of the Lualaba River, and Lualaba is the name of the Congo River upstream of Boyoma Falls, extending for 1,800 km (1,100 mi).

Measured along with the Lualaba, the main tributary, the Congo River has a total length of 4,370 km (2,720 mi). It is the only major river to cross the equator twice. The Congo Basin has a total area of about 4,000,000 km2 (1,500,000 mi2), or 13% of the entire African landmass.
Craig Moller
Craig Moller (born 22 August 1994) is an Australian-German professional basketball player for Keflavík of the Icelandic Úrvalsdeild karla. He is a former professional Australian rules footballer and spent three years in the Australian Football League (AFL) with the Fremantle Football Club. In 2016, Moller changed codes and joined the Sydney Kings of the National Basketball League (NBL). In 2017, he joined Melbourne United. After two years with Melbourne, he returned to the Kings in 2019. He moved to Germany in 2021 after two more years at Sydney. He holds a German passport.

Úrvalsdeild karla (basketball)
Úrvalsdeild karla (English: Men's Premier League), also known as Bónus deild karla for sponsorship reasons, is the highest men's professional basketball competition among clubs in Iceland, where play determines the national champion. It is organized by the Icelandic Basketball Federation (Icelandic: Körfuknattleikssamband Íslands - KKÍ).
The season consists of a home-and-away schedule of 22 games, followed by an eight-team playoff round. Quarterfinals, semifinals and finals series are best-of-five. The bottom clubs are relegated, and replaced by the top team from the regular-season phase and the four-team playoff round winner of the second-level First Division (Icelandic: 1. deild karla).
Tameka Yallop
Tameka Yallop (/təˈmiːkə ˈjæləp/ tə-MEE-kə YAL-əp; née Butt; born 16 June 1991) is an Australian professional soccer player who plays as a midfielder for Brisbane Roar in the A-League Women. She has previously played for the Boston Breakers in the WPSL Elite; 1. FFC Frankfurt in the German Frauen-Bundesliga; Iga F.C. Kunoichi in the Japanese Nadeshiko League; Mallbackens in the Swedish Damallsvenskan; Brisbane Roar in the former W-League; West Ham United in the FA Women's Super League; and Brann in the Norwegian Toppserien. She has been a member of the Australia women's national team since 2007.

West Ham United F.C. Women
West Ham United Women Football Club is an English women's football club affiliated with West Ham United. The club plays in the Women's Super League, the top tier of English women's football. They were formed in 1991 and play home games at Dagenham & Redbridge's Chigwell Construction Stadium on Victoria Road.
The Wonderful Thing
The Wonderful Thing is a 1921 American drama film directed by Herbert Brenon and written by Clara Beranger and Herbert Brenon. It is based on the 1920 play The Wonderful Thing by Lillian Trimble Bradley and Forrest Halsey. The film stars Norma Talmadge, Harrison Ford, Julia Hoyt, Howard Truesdale, Robert Agnew and Ethel Fleming. The film was released on November 7, 1921, by Associated First National Pictures.

Howard Truesdale
Howard Truesdale (January 3, 1861 – December 8, 1941; also credited as Truesdell, Truedell, and Truesdall) was an American stage actor and a film actor in both the silent and sound eras. He appeared in the films A Corner in Cotton, The Purple Lady, The Pretenders, Bolshevism on Trial, What Women Want, French Heels, No Trespassing, Out of Luck, Ashes of Vengeance, Ride for Your Life, Why Men Leave Home, The Night Message, The Foolish Virgin, The Ridin' Kid from Powder River, Go West, The Combat, Fighting with Buffalo Bill, The Jazz Girl, The Stolen Ranch, The Denver Dude, Singed, The Tigress, Burning Daylight, A Trick of Hearts, Three-Ring Marriage, The Lawless Legion and The Long Long Trail, among others.
Officer O'Brien
Officer O'Brien is a 1930 American pre-Code comedy crime film directed by Tay Garnett and starring William Boyd, Ernest Torrence and Dorothy Sebastian. The film's sets were designed by the art director Edward C. Jewell. It was one of the last films produced by Pathé Exchange before it was fully merged into RKO Pictures.

William Boyd (actor)
William Lawrence Boyd (June 5, 1895 – September 12, 1972) was an American actor and film producer, known for portraying the cowboy hero Hopalong Cassidy in dozens of Western films released during the 1930s and '40s.
Black Axe (confraternity)
The Black Axe is an international confraternity with roots in Nigeria. Originally formed from and inspired by the Neo Black Movement of Africa (NBM), it was established at the University of Benin (Benin City, Edo State) as part of the Pan-African movement in 1977.

The BBC has since called Black Axe a "mafia-style gang", known to engage in activities such as  cybercrime, election fraud, human trafficking, illegal drug trading, intimidation, and violence. On 10 July 1999, forty Black Axe members were involved in the Obafemi Awolowo University massacre, in Ifẹ, Osun State, in which five students were killed and eleven were injured. In 2024, the Neo-Black Movement of Africa publicly distanced itself from the Black Axe.

University of Benin (Nigeria)
The University of Benin (UNIBEN) is a public research university located in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. It is one of  the universities owned by the Federal Government of Nigeria and was founded in 1970. The school currently has two campuses with fifteen faculties and a central library called the John Harris Library. The buildings in UNIBEN are sparsely built, they are not close to each other.

UNIBEN has a teaching hospital called the University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH).
Seeblatt
Seeblatt ([ˈzeː.blat], German for 'lake leaf', plural Seeblätter; Danish: søblad; West Frisian: pompeblêd; East Frisian: Pupkeblad) is the term for the stylized leaf of a water lily, used as a charge in heraldry.

West Frisian language
West Frisian (Westerlauwersk Frysk; Dutch: Westerlauwers Fries), or simply Frisian (Frysk [frisk]; Dutch: Fries [fris]), is a West Germanic language spoken mostly in the province of Friesland (Fryslân) in the north of the Netherlands, mostly by those of Frisian ancestry. It is the most widely spoken of the Frisian languages.

In the study of the evolution of English, West Frisian is notable as being the most closely related foreign tongue to the various dialects of Old English spoken across the Heptarchy, these being part of the Anglo-Frisian branch of the West Germanic family.
Grand Upright Music, Ltd. v. Warner Bros. Records Inc.
Grand Upright Music, Ltd v. Warner Bros. Records Inc., 780 F. Supp. 182 (S.D.N.Y. 1991), was a copyright case heard by the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. Songwriter Gilbert O'Sullivan sued rapper Biz Markie after Markie sampled O'Sullivan's song "Alone Again (Naturally)". The court ruled that sampling without permission constitutes copyright infringement. The judgment changed the hip hop music industry, requiring that any future music sampling be approved by the original copyright owners.

Alone Again (Naturally)
"Alone Again (Naturally)" is a song by Irish singer-songwriter Gilbert O'Sullivan. Recorded in 1971, it became a worldwide hit. The song did not originally appear on his 1972 studio album Back to Front, but has been included in reissues (often replacing "Clair").

The single spent six non-consecutive weeks at number one on Billboard's Hot 100 between late July and early September 1972 in America. It ranked number two in the year-end chart and sold over two million copies.

The song was involved in a notable 1991 court case in which it set a precedent for the music industry that unauthorized sampling of music can constitute copyright infringement.