hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Baron Howard of Escrick
Baron Howard of Escrick was a title in the Peerage of England. It was created on 12 April 1628 for Edward Howard. A member of the influential Howard family, he was the youngest son of Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Suffolk, the son of Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk by his second wife Margaret Audley (see Earl of Suffolk and Duke of Norfolk for more information). The third Baron represented Winchelsea in the House of Commons and was also accused of being involved in the Rye House Plot; later he became a notorious informer in State trials, earning much hatred and contempt as a result. The title became extinct on the death of his son, the fourth Baron, in 1715.

Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Suffolk
Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Suffolk, KG, PC (24 August 1561 – 28 May 1626), of Audley End House in the parish of Saffron Walden in Essex, and of Suffolk House near Westminster, a member of the House of Howard, was the second son of Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk, by his second wife Margaret Audley, the daughter and eventual sole heiress of Thomas Audley, 1st Baron Audley of Walden, of Audley End.
CJSP-FM
CJSP-FM (92.7 FM, Windsor's Country 95.9 & 92.7) is a Canadian radio station, which broadcasts at 92.7 MHz in Leamington, Ontario. CJSP is owned and operated by Blackburn Radio. The station features a country format and simulcasts its morning show from sister station CJWF-FM in Windsor.

Leamington, Ontario
Leamington (/ˈliːmɪŋtən/ LEEM-ing-tən) is a municipality in Essex County, Ontario, Canada.  With a population of 29,680 in the Canada 2021 Census, it forms the second largest urban centre in Windsor-Essex County after Windsor, Ontario. It includes Point Pelee National Park, the southernmost point of mainland Canada.

Known since the 20th century as the "Tomato Capital of Canada", it is the location of a tomato processing plant owned by Highbury-Canco; founded in 1908, the plant was owned until 2014 by the H. J. Heinz Company. Due to its location in the southernmost part of Canada, Leamington uses the motto "Sun Parlour of Canada".
Sevce
Sevce (pronounced [ˈseːu̯tsɛ]) is a settlement in the Municipality of Laško in eastern Slovenia. It lies on the right bank of the Savinja River, north of Rimske Toplice. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Savinja Statistical Region.

Rimske Toplice
Rimske Toplice (pronounced [ˈɾiːmskɛ tɔˈpliːtsɛ]) is a settlement in the Municipality of Laško in eastern Slovenia. It lies on the right bank of the Savinja River on the road from Celje to Ljubljana via Zidani Most. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Savinja Statistical Region.
Christian anthropology
In the context of Christian theology, Christian anthropology is the study of the human (anthropos) as it relates to God. It differs from the social science of anthropology, which primarily deals with the comparative study of the physical and social characteristics of humanity across times and places.

One aspect of Christian anthropology studies is the innate nature or constitution of the human, known as the nature of humankind. It is concerned with the relationship between notions such as body, soul and spirit which together form a person, based on their descriptions in the Bible. There are three traditional views of the human constitution: trichotomism, dichotomism and monism (in the sense of anthropology).

Oscar Cullmann
Oscar Cullmann (25 February 1902, Strasbourg – 16 January 1999, Chamonix) was a French Lutheran theologian. He is best known for his work in the ecumenical movement and was partly responsible for the establishment of dialogue between the Lutheran and Roman Catholic traditions. Because of his intense ecumenical work, Cullmann's Basel colleague Karl Barth joked with him that his tombstone would bear the inscription "advisor to three popes".
Pectis humifusa
Pectis humifusa, the yerba de San Juan, is a summer blooming annual plant of the genus Pectis. In the Lesser Antilles, it occurs most frequently in the salt spray zone near the seashore; on some islands, it occurs inland as well. Its floral region is Puerto Rico, The Virgin Islands and Florida.

Pectis
Pectis is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1759.

The name is derived from the Latin word pecten, meaning "comb." It refers to the marginally-bristled leaves or the pappus form.  These plants vary in appearance but they usually bear yellow daisy-like flower heads. Members of the genus are known generally as cinchweeds (current usage) or chinchweeds (older name).

They are native to the Americas, including the West Indies.

Species accepted by Plants of the World Online as of December 2022:
Sinhala script
The Sinhalese script (Sinhala: සිංහල අක්ෂර මාලාව, romanized: Siṁhala Akṣara Mālāwa), also known as Sinhala script, is a writing system used by the Sinhalese people and most Sri Lankans in Sri Lanka and elsewhere to write the Sinhalese language as well as the liturgical languages Pali and Sanskrit. The Sinhalese Akṣara Mālāva, one of the Brahmic scripts, is a descendant of the Ancient Indian Brahmi script. It is thought to be derived from Grantha script.

Retroflex consonant
A retroflex (/ˈrɛtrəflɛks, -roʊ-/ ⓘ) consonant is a coronal consonant where the tongue has a flat, concave, or even curled shape, and is articulated between the alveolar ridge and the hard palate. They are sometimes referred to as cerebral consonants—especially in Indology. Other terms are domal and cacuminal (/kəˈkjuːmɪnəl/ ⓘ), though in rare cases either word can mean palatal consonants more broadly.

The Latin-derived word retroflex means "bent back"; some retroflex consonants are pronounced with the tongue fully curled back so that articulation involves the underside of the tongue tip (subapical). These sounds are sometimes described as "true" retroflex consonants. However, retroflexes are commonly taken to include other consonants having a similar place of articulation without such extreme curling of the tongue; these may be articulated with the tongue tip (apical) or the tongue blade (laminal). When apical, they have been called apico-domal or apico-palatal consonants.
Ignaz Friedman
Ignaz Friedman (born Salomon Izaak Freudmann; Polish: Ignacy Friedman; Yiddish: שְׁלֹמֹה יִצְחָק פֿרײדמאַן; February 13, 1882 – January 26, 1948) was a Polish pianist and composer. Critics (e.g. Harold Schonberg) and colleagues (e.g. Sergei Rachmaninoff) alike placed him among the supreme piano virtuosi of his day, alongside Leopold Godowsky, Moriz Rosenthal, Ferruccio Busoni, Josef Hofmann and Josef Lhévinne.

Josef Lhévinne
Josef Lhévinne (lay-VEEN; 13 December 1874 – 2 December 1944) was a Russian pianist and piano teacher. Lhévinne wrote a short book in 1924 that is considered a classic: Basic Principles in Pianoforte Playing.
Syntactic movement
Syntactic movement is the means by which some theories of syntax address discontinuities. Movement was first postulated by structuralist linguists who expressed it in terms of discontinuous constituents or  displacement. Some constituents appear to have been displaced from the position in which they receive important features of interpretation. The concept of movement is controversial and is associated with so-called transformational or derivational theories of syntax (such as transformational grammar, government and binding theory, minimalist program). Representational theories (such as head-driven phrase structure grammar, lexical functional grammar, construction grammar, and most dependency grammars), in contrast, reject the notion of movement and often instead address discontinuities with other mechanisms including graph reentrancies, feature passing, and type shifters.

Transformational grammar
In linguistics, transformational grammar (TG) or transformational-generative grammar (TGG) was the earliest model of grammar proposed within the research tradition of generative grammar. Like current generative theories, it treated grammar as a system of formal rules that generate all and only grammatical sentences of a given language. What was distinctive about transformational grammar was that it posited transformation rules that mapped a sentence's deep structure to its pronounced form. For example, in many variants of transformational grammar, the English active voice sentence "Emma saw Daisy" and its passive counterpart "Daisy was seen by Emma" share a common deep structure generated by phrase structure rules, differing only in that the latter's structure is modified by a passivization transformation rule.
Estadio Florentino Oropeza
Estadio Florentino Oropeza is a multi-use stadium in San Felipe, Venezuela.  It is currently used mostly for football matches, on club level by Yaracuyanos FC of the Venezuelan Primera División. The stadium has a capacity of 10,000 spectators.

San Felipe, Venezuela
San Felipe (Spanish pronunciation: [saɱ feˈlipe]) is the capital city of Yaracuy, Venezuela. San Felipe is located in the Central-Western Region, Venezuela. The city is an important urban, industrial, commercial and transportation center of Venezuela. San Felipe is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of San Felipe, Venezuela.
Paula Peláez
Paula Peláez G. served as the President of the Asociación de Guías y Scouts de Chile.
In 2000, Peláez was awarded the 285th Bronze Wolf, the only distinction of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, awarded by the World Scout Committee for exceptional services to world Scouting.

Bronze Wolf Award
The World Organization of the Scout Movement's Bronze Wolf Award is presented by it for outstanding international service by an individual to the Scout Movement.

The award consists of a bronze wolf pendant hung on a dark green ribbon bordered by two narrow stripes of yellow.

The World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM) has awarded just over 400 Bronze Wolf Awards since it inaugurated its award in 1935. WOSM has restricted the number of recipients in order to maintain the award's significance. Currently, the award is limited to approximately one recipient for every two million members worldwide.
Rogue Entertainment
Rogue Entertainment was an American computer game developer based in Dallas, Texas, which was active in the late 1990s. It was founded by Rich Fleider, Steve Maines, and Jim Molinets in 1994. Rogue Entertainment's office was in the same building as id Software, all of their games used game engines created by id Software, and two of their games were expansions for id Software's Quake series of games. The company's first game, Strife: Quest for the Sigil, was released as shareware on February 23, 1996, with the retail version later being released on May 31, 1996. Many former Rogue Entertainment employees moved to Nerve Software after Rogue Entertainment shut down.

Id Software
id Software LLC (/ɪd/) is an American video game developer based in Richardson, Texas. It was founded on February 1, 1991, by four members of the computer company Softdisk: programmers John Carmack and John Romero, game designer Tom Hall, and artist Adrian Carmack.

id Software made important technological developments in video game technologies for the PC (running MS-DOS and Windows), including work done for the Wolfenstein, Doom, and Quake franchises at the time. id's work was particularly important in 3D computer graphics technology and in game engines that are used throughout the video game industry. The company was involved in the creation of the first-person shooter (FPS) genre: Wolfenstein 3D is often considered to be the first true FPS; Doom is a game that popularized the genre and PC gaming in general; and Quake was id's first true 3D FPS.

On June 24, 2009, ZeniMax Media acquired the company. In 2015, they opened a second studio in Frankfurt, Germany.
2016 Bendigo Women's International
The 2016 Bendigo Women's International was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 10th edition of the tournament and part of the 2016 ITF Women's Circuit, offering a total of $50,000 in prize money. It took place in Bendigo, Australia, on 24–30 October 2016.

Bendigo International (tennis)
The Bendigo International was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hardcourts. It was part of the ATP Challenger Tour and the ITF Women's World Tennis Tour, and held annually in Bendigo, Australia, from 2009 (for the women) until 2022.

From 2013 to 2014 there were two Women's events in the same year, held in consecutive weeks. In 2015, one of them was replaced by the Canberra Tennis International. The first edition of the ATP Challenger event was held in January 2020 and the second and last in 2022.
County of Holzappel
The County of Holzappel (German: Grafschaft Holzappel) was an immediate state of the Holy Roman Empire, located in the present German state of Rhineland-Palatinate.

It was centered on the town of Holzappel. It was founded in 1643 by Peter Melander, an imperial field marshal during the Thirty Years' War. In 1806, the county lost its imperial immediacy and was mediatised to the Duchy of Nassau. It was dissolved in 1918.

Princess Hermine of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym
Princess Hermine of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym (German: Prinzessin Hermine Amalie Marie von Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym; 2 December 1797 – 14 September 1817) was by birth a princess of the House of Ascania and by marriage an Archduchess of Austria.
Degeto Film
Degeto Film GmbH (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ton und Bild) is a film rights trader and production company of the ARD, based in Frankfurt am Main. Its shareholders are the regional broadcasting corporations of ARD or their advertising subsidiaries.

ARD Degeto acquires fictional programs for ARD's flagship national television channel Das Erste, the so called "Third Programmes" (TV channels) of the regional broadcasting corporations (BR, HR, MDR, NDR, Radio Bremen, RBB, SR, SWR, WDR), 3sat, Arte, One and the other ARD channels.

One (German TV channel)
One (stylized as one) is a German free-to-air television channel owned and operated by the German public-broadcasting consortium ARD. Managed since October 2005 by Westdeutscher Rundfunk on behalf of ARD as a whole, the channel was launched (as EinsFestival) on 30 August 1997.
Parody in popular music
The original use of the term "parody" in music referred to re-use for wholly serious purposes of existing music. In popular music that sense of "parody" is still applicable to the use of folk music in the serious songs of such writers as Bob Dylan, but in general, "parody" in popular music refers to the humorous distortion of musical ideas or lyrics or general style of music.

Amateur Transplants
Amateur Transplants were a parody music band fronted by London-based, British comedian Adam Kay and Suman Biswas (born 1978). Amateur Transplants came to prominence in 2005 with a song about the London Underground, parodying the Jam song "Going Underground". They regularly performed live, and have been recommended by Time Out, including several successful years at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe. The band's final performance was in Reading in May 2016.
David Hoskin
David Craig Hoskin (born 16 October 1935) is a New Zealand former cricketer who played first-class cricket for Northern Districts from 1956 to 1965. He was President of New Zealand Cricket from 2000 to 2003.

Northern Districts men's cricket team
The Northern Districts cricket team is a men's cricket team that represents the northern half of New Zealand’s North Island (excluding Auckland). It is one of six major first-class cricket teams governed by New Zealand Cricket. The team competes in the Plunket Shield first-class competition, the Ford Trophy one-day competition, and the Men's Super Smash T20 competition. The T20 team is known as the Northern Brave (previously Northern Knights until the 2021–22 season.

Northern Districts were the last of New Zealand’s six major teams to gain first-class status, joining the Plunket Shield in the 1956–57 season. The association comprises six constituent districts: Northland Cricket Association, Counties Manukau Cricket Association, Waikato Valley Cricket, Hamilton Cricket Association, Bay of Plenty Cricket, and Poverty Bay Cricket Association.
Sranan Tongo
Sranan Tongo (Sranantongo, "Surinamese tongue", Sranan, Surinamese Creole) is an English-based creole language from Suriname, in South America, where it is the first or second language for 519,600 Surinamese people (approximately 80% of the population). It is also spoken in the Netherlands and across the Surinamese diaspora. It is considered both an unofficial national language and a lingua franca.

Sranan Tongo developed among enslaved Africans from Central and West Africa, especially along the Caribbean coastline, after contact with English planters and indentured workers from 1651–67. Its use expanded to the Dutch colonists who took over the territory in 1667 and decided to maintain the local language as a lingua franca. Because the number of English colonists was massively reduced following the arrival of the Dutch, later additions to the language and the presence of African influences have made it distinct from other Afro-Caribbean creoles based on English.

Phonology
Phonology (formerly also phonemics or phonematics) is the branch of linguistics that studies how languages systematically organize their phonemes or, for sign languages, their constituent parts of signs. The term can also refer specifically to the sound or sign system of a particular language variety. At one time, the study of phonology related only to the study of the systems of phonemes in spoken languages, but now it may relate to any linguistic analysis either:

Sign languages have a phonological system equivalent to the system of sounds in spoken languages. The building blocks of signs are specifications for movement, location, and handshape. At first, a separate terminology was used for the study of sign phonology ("chereme" instead of "phoneme", etc.), but the concepts are now considered to apply universally to all human languages.
Charleston, Dundee
Charleston is an area on the northwest edge of Dundee, Scotland. Menzieshill is to the immediate southwest, Camperdown borders it to the north, and Lochee is to the east.

The area is home to two primary schools - Camperdown Primary (multi-religious) and St Clement's Primary (Catholic) - as well as a library and a variety of small shops. Charleston is a very quiet and small suburb. Thoroughfares include South Road, Dunholm Road, Buttars Loan and Brown Hill Road. There is one play park locally, named Sandy Park.

George Galloway (born 1954) the former Member of Parliament (MP) grew up in Charleston.

Lochee
Lochee (/lɒˈxiː/) is an area in the west of Dundee, Scotland. Until the 19th century, it was a separate town, but was eventually surrounded by the expanding Dundee. It is notable for being home to Camperdown Works, which was the largest jute production site in the world.
Sophia Monté Neuberger Loebinger
Sophia Monté Neuberger Loebinger (1865–1943) was a Jewish-American singer, philanthropist, women's suffrage activist, orator, writer, and newspaper editor. While often remembered as a suffragist, her brand of pro-suffrage activism adopted both the namesake and political outlook of the British-derived suffragette movement. Like her British predecessors, Loebinger's activism employed more radical and militant tactics than the adjacent American suffragists. Such radicalism made waves in the media both locally and nationally, and helped galvanize a public politics of protest for the American suffrage movement. She was a founding member of the Progressive Woman Suffrage Union and served as both editor and a regular contributor to its newspaper, The American Suffragette.

Newspaper hawker
A newspaper hawker, newsboy or newsie is a street vendor of newspapers without a fixed newsstand. Related jobs include paperboys, delivering newspapers to subscribers, and news butchers, selling papers on trains. The job was historically done by children, especially in the United States. The profession has faced significant decline worldwide in modern times owing to the advent of online news.

In the United States they became an iconic image of youthful entrepreneurship. Famous Americans that had worked as newsboys included Bruce Barton, Ralph Bunche, Joe DiMaggio, Thomas Edison, Dwight Eisenhower, Sam Rayburn, Walter Reuther, David Sarnoff, Cardinal Spellman, Harry Truman and Mark Twain.
Sinivuori Strict Nature Reserve
Sinivuori Strict Nature Reserve (Sinivuoren luonnonpuisto) is a strict nature reserve located in the Pirkanmaa region of Finland. It is one of three small strict nature reserves in Finland, alongside Karkali and Vesijako, that are designated specifically as scientific reserves "consisting of small areas of valuable habitat types." There are no paths in this reserve of deciduous forest, though walking on the crossing roads is allowed. Most of the forests of this type in Finland have been logged down, when fields were created.

Karkali Strict Nature Reserve
Karkali Strict Nature Reserve (Karkalin luonnonpuisto) is a strict nature reserve located in the Uusimaa region of Finland. This small reserve protects a lush deciduous forest more commonly found in central Europe.
Egypt–Sudan relations
Contact between Egypt and Sudan goes back to trade and conflict during ancient times. In 1820, Egypt conquered Sudan, and continued to occupy the country, later as a condominium under the British, until Sudan declared independence in 1956. Sudan later joined the Arab League, of which Egypt is a founding member. Relations between successive governments in Egypt and Sudan have warmed and cooled relations at various times. Relations today are cordial, but tensions remain.

2011 South Sudanese independence referendum
A referendum took place in Southern Sudan from 9 to 15 January 2011, on whether the region should remain a part of Sudan or become independent. The referendum was one of the consequences of the 2005 Naivasha Agreement between the Khartoum central government and the Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement (SPLA/M).

A simultaneous referendum was supposed to be held in Abyei on whether to become part of South Sudan but it was postponed due to conflict over demarcation and residency rights.

On 7 February 2011, the referendum commission published the final results, with a landslide majority of 98.83% voting in favour of independence. While the ballots were suspended in 10 of the 79 counties for exceeding 100% of the voter turnout, the number of votes was still well over the requirement of 60% turnout, and the majority vote for secession is not in question.

The predetermined date for the creation of an independent state was 9 July 2011.
Type 89 (tank destroyer)
The Type 89 tank destroyer (military designation PTZ-89, industrial designation WA320) is a Chinese armored, tracked, tank destroyer vehicle developed by Norinco for the People’s Liberation Army. The vehicle was developed in the 1980s and entered service in 1989.

Norinco
China North Industries Group Corporation Limited, doing business internationally as Norinco Group (an abbreviation of "North Industries Corporation"), and known within China as China Ordnance Industries Group Corporation Limited (Chinese: 中国兵器工业集团有限公司), is a Chinese state-owned defense corporation that manufactures commercial and military products. Norinco Group is one of the world's largest defense contractors.

The company's subsidiary, China North Industries Corporation (Chinese: 中国北方工业有限公司), or simply Norinco, markets Norinco Group's products internationally, and is also involved in domestic civil construction and military defense projects.

Some of Norinco's international customers include Iran, Pakistan, Zimbabwe, Saudi Arabia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, where it negotiated arms-for-minerals deals, as well as Venezuela.