hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
JJ Thwala
Jozi Joseph Thwala (22 April 1959 – 12 September 2021), also known as JJ Thwala, was a South African academic, author and linguist who made significant contributions to the development of the SiSwati language and literature.

Swazi language
0–20%

20–40%

40–60%

60–80%

80–100%

<1 /km²

1–3 /km²

3–10 /km²

10–30 /km²

30–100 /km²

100–300 /km²

300–1000 /km²

1000–3000 /km²

>3000 /km²

Swazi or siSwati is a Bantu language of the Nguni group spoken in Eswatini (formerly Swaziland) and South Africa by the Swati people. The number of speakers is estimated to be in the region of 4.7 million including first and second language speakers. The language is taught in Eswatini and some South African schools in Mpumalanga, particularly former KaNgwane areas. Siswati is an official language of Eswatini (along with English), and is also one of the twelve official languages of South Africa.

The official term is "siSwati" among native speakers; in English, Zulu, Ndebele or Xhosa it may be referred to as Swazi. siSwati is most closely related to the other Tekela languages, like Phuthi and Northern Transvaal (Sumayela) Ndebele, but is also very close to the Zunda languages: Zulu, Southern Ndebele, Northern Ndebele, and Xhosa.
Julia Cruger
Julia Grinnell Storrow Cruger (pseudonym: Julien Gordon; July 19, 1848 – July 12, 1920) was an American novelist. Because many of her books examined the American social world, she was known as the Edith Wharton of her day.

Edith Wharton
Edith Newbold Wharton (/ˈhwɔːrtən/; née Jones; January 24, 1862 – August 11, 1937) was an American writer and designer. Wharton drew upon her insider's knowledge of upper-class New York society to portray, realistically, the lives and morals of the Gilded Age. In 1921, she became the first woman to win the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction for her novel The Age of Innocence. She was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame in 1996. Her other well-known works are The House of Mirth, the novella Ethan Frome, and several notable ghost stories.
Adgur Kharazia
Adgur Rafet-ipa Kharaziya (Abkhaz: Адгəыр Рафеҭ-иԥа Ҳаразиа; Georgian: ადგურ ხარაზია) is an Abkhazian politician who served as the mayor of Sukhumi from 2014 to 2019. He was also the Minister of Agriculture of Abkhazia and the Vice Speaker of the People's Assembly.

In 2024, Kharazia, having been elected as an MP in 2022, opened fire in the parliament building, killing one MP, Vakhtang Golandzia and wounding another one.

Raul Khajimba
Raul Jumkovich Khajimba (Abkhaz: Рауль Џьумка-иԥа Ҳаџьымба, Georgian: რაულ ჯუმკას-ძე ჰაჯიმბა; born 21 March 1959) is an Abkhazian politician who served as President of Abkhazia from 25 September 2014 until 12 January 2020. He was also Chairman of the Forum for the National Unity of Abkhazia from 2010 to 2015. Khajimba previously held the offices of Vice President (2005–2009), Prime Minister (2003–2004) and Defence Minister (2002–2003). He unsuccessfully ran for president in 2004, 2009 and 2011. He resigned the presidency in 2020 due to protests against him.
Jorge A. Plasencia
Jorge A. Plasencia (born June 13, 1974, in Miami, FL) is a Cuban-American entrepreneur and civic leader. He is chairman and CEO of Republica Havas, a creative, media, and communications agency, that he co-founded in 2006 as a small start-up. Plasencia is the co-founder and chairman emeritus of Amigos For Kids, a Miami-based nonprofit started in 1991 to serve underprivileged children and families. He is also the former board chair of UnidosUS, the largest national Hispanic civil rights and advocacy organization in the United States.

UnidosUS
UnidosUS, formerly National Council of La Raza (NCLR) (La Raza), is the United States's largest Latino nonprofit advocacy organization. It advocates in favor of progressive public policy changes including immigration reform, a path to citizenship for migrants, and reduced deportations.

Founded in 1968 (as NCLR), UnidosUS has regional offices in Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, Miami, Phoenix, San Antonio and is headquartered in Washington, D.C.
Vigilante Hideout
Vigilante Hideout is a 1950 American Western film directed by Fred C. Brannon, written by Richard Wormser and starring Allan Lane, Eddy Waller, Roy Barcroft, Virginia Herrick, Cliff Clark and Don Haggerty. It was released on August 6, 1950 by Republic Pictures.

Roy Barcroft
Roy Barcroft (born Howard Harold Ravenscroft; September 7, 1902 – November 28, 1969) was an American character actor famous for playing villains in B-Westerns and other genres. From 1937 to 1957, he appeared in more than 300 films for Republic Pictures. Film critic Leonard Maltin acclaimed Barcroft as "Republic Pictures' number one bad guy".
Crashout
Crashout is a 1955 American film noir crime film directed by Lewis R. Foster and starring William Bendix, Arthur Kennedy, Luther Adler, William Talman, Gene Evans, Marshall Thompson, and Beverly Michaels.

Arthur Kennedy
John Arthur Kennedy (February 17, 1914 – January 5, 1990) was an American stage and film actor known for his versatility in supporting film roles and his ability to create "an exceptional honesty and naturalness on stage", especially in the original casts of Arthur Miller plays on Broadway. He won the 1949 Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Play for Miller's Death of a Salesman. He also won the Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actor for the 1955 film Trial, and was a five-time Academy Award nominee.
Verses Dedicatory
Verses Dedicatory: 18 Previously Unpublished Poems is a collection of poetry by fantasy author Lord Dunsany, edited by Lin Carter. It was first published in paperback as a chapbook by Charnel House as no. 2 in The Charnel House Chapbooks Series in 1985.

The book collects eighteen poems hand-written by the author on the flyleaves of copies of several of his published books. The copies in which the poems were found and from which they were taken are from the library of Hazel Littlefield. The titles assigned the poems are those of the books in which they appear. The collection includes an introduction by the editor.

Lin Carter
Linwood Vrooman Carter (June 9, 1930 – February 7, 1988) was an American author of science fiction and fantasy, as well as an editor and critic. He usually wrote as Lin Carter; known pseudonyms include H. P. Lowcraft (for an H. P. Lovecraft parody) and Grail Undwin. In the 1970s he was editor of the Ballantine Adult Fantasy series, which introduced readers to many overlooked classics of the fantasy genre.
Brede, Denmark
Brede is a neighbourhood (Danish: bydel, a named neighbourhood) 14 km north of Copenhagen, Denmark. It is located east of Virum, south of Ørholm, west of Lundtofte and north of Sorgenfri. Frilandsmuseet (The Open Air Museum), and the heritage-listed former industrial complex Brede Works, are located in Brede. Nærumbanen stops in Brede. Vrede House, a Neoclassical mansion built for the owner of Brede Works, is now operated as a historic house museum.

Lundtofte
Lundtofte is a neighbourhood in Lyngby-Taarbæk Municipality, located north of Kongens Lyngby. The town is bordered by Nærumbanen, the Mølleåen river, the Technical University of Denmark and the Helsingørmotorvejen. DTU is situated on the location of the former Lundtofte Flyveplads.

Major company Haldor Topsøe is located in Lundtofte. Catalysts by Haldor Topsøe are used in production of around 50% of the world's fertilizer.

Lundtofte Church originates from 1921.
Nikhil Dey
Nikhil Dey (born 1963) is an Indian social activist. He works for the Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan, Suchna Evum Rozgar Adhikar Abhiyan and NCPRI (National Campaign for People's Right to Information). He has worked for Right to Information, Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, Lokpal bill and Right to Food and other Human Rights organisations.

Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan
The Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan (Association for the Empowerment of Labourers and Farmers) is an Indian political organisation best known for its demand for the Right to Information Act (RTI) which grew out of the demand for minimum wages for workers.
Moldova at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Moldova participated at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, United States, held between 8 and 24 February 2002. The country's participation in the Games marked its third appearance at the Winter Olympics since its debut in the previous Games.

The Moldovan team consisted of five athletes including two women, who competed across three sports. Skier Ion Bucșa served as the country's flag-bearer during the opening ceremony. Moldova did not win any medal in the Games, and has not won a Winter Olympics medal as of these Games.

2002 Winter Olympics opening ceremony
The opening ceremony of the 2002 Winter Olympics took place at the Rice-Eccles Olympic Stadium in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States, on 8 February 2002.

U.S. president George W. Bush opened the Winter Olympics—the first U.S. president to do so—which took place five months after the September 11 attacks, with: "On behalf of a proud, determined and grateful nation...", then the standard opening formula followed. The president was standing among the U.S. athletes, while previous heads of state opened the Games from an official box. NBC's Bob Costas applauded the move during the network's coverage of the Opening Ceremony.

The opening ceremony was produced and directed by Don Mischer. The production team included Kenny Ortega as the artistic director, Mark Watters as the musical director, and David Goldberg as a producer. The opening ceremony was nominated for an Emmy for Outstanding Variety Music Or Comedy Special.
Friedrich Miescher
Johannes Friedrich Miescher (13 August 1844 – 26 August 1895) was a Swiss physician and biologist. He was the first scientist to isolate nucleic acid in 1869. Miescher also identified protamine and made several other discoveries.

Miescher had isolated various phosphate-rich chemicals, which he called nuclein (now nucleic acids), from the nuclei of white blood cells in Felix Hoppe-Seyler's laboratory at the University of Tübingen, Germany, paving the way for the identification of DNA as the carrier of inheritance.   The significance of the discovery, first published in 1871, was not at first apparent, and Albrecht Kossel  made the initial inquiries into its chemical structure. Later, Miescher raised the idea that the nucleic acids could be involved in heredity and even posited that there might be something akin to an alphabet that might explain how variation is produced.

Protamine
Protamines are small, arginine-rich, nuclear proteins that replace histones late in the haploid phase of spermatogenesis and are believed essential for sperm head condensation via genomic DNA compaction and stabilization. They may allow for denser packaging of DNA in the spermatozoon than histones, but they must be decompressed before the genetic data can be used for protein synthesis. However, part of the sperm's genome is packaged by histones (10-15% in humans and other primates) thought to bind genes that are essential for early embryonic development.

Protamine and protamine-like (PL) proteins are collectively known as the sperm-specific nuclear basic proteins (SNBPs). The PL proteins are intermediate in structure between protamine and Histone H1. The C-terminal domain of PL could be the precursor of vertebrate protamine.
J/Direct
J/Direct was a technology included in some versions of Microsoft Java Virtual Machine, which allowed direct calls into the Windows API. J/Direct was specific of Microsoft's Virtual Machine, in replacement of the standard Java Native Interface (JNI).

A Java program which used J/Direct would not run on platforms other than Microsoft Windows.

The release of J/Direct (along with AFC and WFC), was part of an effort by Microsoft to gain leadership on the growing Java community.

Since this destroyed one of the main advantages of Java, its cross-platform nature, J/Direct was often seen as an attempt by Microsoft to undermine Java's cross-platform capabilities, and an example of the tactic of embrace, extend and extinguish.

After the drop by Microsoft of their specific Java virtual machine, and the switch to the .NET environment, J/Direct was no longer maintained.

Windows API
The Windows API, informally WinAPI, is the foundational application programming interface (API) that allows a computer program to access the features of the Microsoft Windows operating system in which the program is running. Programs typically access this API using system libraries, which are shared libraries.

Each major version of the Windows API has a distinct name that identifies a compatibility aspect of that version. For example, Win32 is the major version of Windows API that runs on 32-bit systems. The name, Windows API, collectively refers to all versions of this capability of Windows.

Microsoft provides developer support via a software development kit, Microsoft Windows SDK, which includes documentation and tools for building software based on the Windows API.
Chevolution
Chevolution is a 2008 documentary film which examines the history and legacy of the photo Guerrillero Heroico taken by famous Cuban photographer Alberto Díaz Gutiérrez. This image has thrived for the decades since Che Guevara's death and has evolved into an iconic image, which represents a multitude of ideals. The documentary explores the story of how the photo came to be, its adoption of multiple interpretations and meanings, as well as the commercialization of the image of Ernesto "Che" Guevara.

Chevolution uses historic images and a multitude of artists, musicians, photographers, actors, academics, friends, fans, and acquaintances to explore the contrasting themes of "communism and capitalism, idealism and opportunism, art and commerce and how they have interacted and operated on the same materials during the past half century."

Alberto Korda
Alberto Díaz Gutiérrez (September 14, 1928 – May 25, 2001), better known as Alberto Korda or simply Korda, was a Cuban photographer, remembered for his famous image Guerrillero Heroico of Argentine Marxist revolutionary Che Guevara.
Mab Segrest
Mabelle Massey Segrest, known as Mab Segrest (born February 20, 1949), is an American lesbian feminist, writer, scholar and activist associated with the American South. Segrest is best known for her 1994 autobiographical work Memoir of a Race Traitor, which won the Editor's Choice Lambda Literary Award. Segrest is the former Fuller-Matthai Professor of Gender and Women's Studies at Connecticut College.

Sharon Day (activist)
Sharon Day (born 1951) is an Ojibwe leader and Native American activist, artist and writer from Minnesota. She is an enrolled member of the Bois Forte Band of Ojibwe. Day is most known for her water walks, a spiritual practice in which Day and others carry water for a long distances to raise awareness and pray for the health and future of the waterways.
Kastler–Brossel Laboratory
The Kastler–Brossel Laboratory, (formerly the Laboratory of Hertzian Spectroscopy) located in Paris, France, is a research laboratory specializing in fundamental physics of quantum systems. Founded in 1951 by Alfred Kastler and Jean Brossel, it is a joint research unit (French UMR 8552) operated by the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), the École normale supérieure, the Sorbonne University and the Collège de France.

Collège de France
The Collège de France (French pronunciation: [kɔlɛʒ də fʁɑ̃s] ⓘ; formerly known as the Collège Royal or as the Collège impérial), founded in 1530 by François I, is a higher education and research establishment (grand établissement) in France. It is located in Paris near La Sorbonne. The Collège de France has been considered to be France's most prestigious research establishment. It is an associate member of PSL University.

Research and teaching are closely linked at the Collège de France, whose ambition is to teach "the knowledge that is being built up in all fields of literature, science and the arts".
4th Battalion, 10th Marines
4th Battalion 10th Marines (4/10) was an artillery battalion in the United States Marine Corps  that was formed on 11 April 1941 just prior to America's entrance into World War II and served until the end of the 1980s.  It fought at the Battle of Tarawa and the Battle of Saipan during World War II and was sent to Cuba during the Cuban Missile Crisis in case hostilities broke out.  The battalion was deactivated for the last time in 1989 and remains in an inactive status today.

Battle of Tarawa
1°25′37″N 172°58′32″E﻿ / ﻿1.42694°N 172.97556°E﻿ / 1.42694; 172.97556

The Battle of Tarawa was fought on 20–23 November 1943 between the United States and Japan on Tarawa Atoll in the Gilbert Islands, and was part of Operation Galvanic, the U.S. invasion of the Gilberts. Nearly 6,400 Japanese, Koreans, and Americans died during the battle, mostly on and around the small island of Betio, in the extreme southwest of Tarawa Atoll. At the time, Betio was only 118 hectares (290 acres).

The Battle of Tarawa was the first American offensive in the critical Central Pacific region. It was also the first time in the Pacific War that the United States faced serious Japanese opposition to an amphibious landing. Previous landings had met little to no initial resistance, but on Tarawa the 4,500 Japanese defenders were well supplied and well prepared, and they fought almost to the last man, exacting a heavy toll on the United States Marine Corps.
Oscar Whisky
Oscar Whisky (10 February 2005 – 6 December 2014) was an Irish-bred, British-trained Thoroughbred racehorse who competed in National Hunt racing. In his early career, he showed promise, winning two National Hunt Flat races and two novice hurdles. In the 2010/2011 National Hunt season, he emerged as one of the leading hurdlers in the British Isles, winning the Welsh Champion Hurdle and the Aintree Hurdle as well as finishing third behind Hurricane Fly in the Champion Hurdle. The following season he won the Relkeel Hurdle and a second Aintree Hurdle. He won the Ascot Hurdle and a second Relkeel Hurdle in 2012/2013 before being moved up to compete in steeplechases in the following season when he won the Dipper Novices' Chase and the Scilly Isles Novices' Chase. Oscar Whisky was fatally injured in a fall at Sandown Park Racecourse on 6 December 2014.

Ascot Hurdle
The Ascot Hurdle is a Grade 2 National Hunt hurdle race in Great Britain which is open to horses aged four years or older. It is run at Ascot over a distance of about 2 miles and 3½ furlongs (2 miles, 3 furlongs and 63 yards, or 3,879 metres), and during its running there are ten hurdles to be jumped. The race is scheduled to take place each year in November. It is currently sponsored by Ladbrokes bookmakers.
2022 FAS Tri-Nations Series
The 2022 FAS Tri-Nations Series was a three-team association football tournament held at the National Stadium in Kallang, Singapore between 23 and 29 March 2022 for the men's competition and at Jalan Besar Stadium between 4 and 11 April for the women's competition.

The men's tournament was organized by the Football Association of Singapore in conjunction with the Football Association of Malaysia and the Philippine Football Federation as part of the three team's precursor for the third round of the 2023 AFC Asian Cup qualification matches. The three games in the tournament are authorized by FIFA as International "A" Matches. Singapore were the winners of the men's competition, having defeated both Malaysia (2–1) and the Philippines (2–0) in their respective matches.

For the women's competition, Singapore hosted the Seychelles and Papua New Guinea in preparation for the 31st SEA Games.

Jalan Besar Stadium
Jalan Besar Stadium, officially the Jalan Besar ActiveSG Stadium, is a football stadium located in Kallang, Singapore. The stadium is part of the Jalan Besar Sports and Recreation Centre, a community sports facility.

It is the home ground of the Singapore Premier League club Young Lions. The stadium is also used as an alternative home ground to the National Stadium by the Singapore national football team. The Football Association of Singapore (FAS) is also headquartered within the stadium.
Washington State Route 194
State Route 194 (SR 194) is a 21.01-mile (33.81 km) long state highway that serves the Lower Granite Dam in Whitman County, located in the U.S. state of Washington. The highway extends eastward from the Port of Almota on the Snake River to an intersection with U.S. Route 195 (US 195) west of Pullman. SR 194 was established in 1991, although the roadway has appeared on maps as early as 1933 and the Almota area being home to a ferry as early as 1893.

Lower Granite Dam
Lower Granite Lock and Dam is a concrete gravity run-of-the-river dam in southeastern Washington in the United States. On the lower Snake River, it bridges Whitman and Garfield counties. Opened 50 years ago in 1975, the dam is located 22 miles (35 km) south of Colfax and 35 miles (56 km) north of Pomeroy.

Lower Granite Dam is part of the Columbia River Basin system of dams, built and operated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; power generated is distributed by the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA).

Behind the dam, Lower Granite Lake extends 39 miles (63 km) east to the confluence with the Clearwater River at Lewiston, Idaho, and allowed the city to become a port. The first barge to Portland on the 374-mile (602 km) navigation route was loaded with wheat and departed Lewiston on August 9, 1975.

Lake Bryan, formed from Little Goose Dam, runs 37 miles (60 km) downstream from the base of the dam.
Hugo Henckel von Donnersmarck
Count Hugo Karl Anton Lazarus Henckel von Donnersmarck (26 April 1811 – 4 October 1890) was a German-Austrian entrepreneur, landowner, and industrialist. He was active in agriculture, livestock, and the metal industry and built the first puddling and steel rolling mill in Germany. He later built a soda-pulp and paper mill in Frantschach-Sankt Gertraud, which remains the town's largest employer. Henckel von Donnersmarck rebuilt Wolfsberg Castle in Carinthia and built the Palais Henckel von Donnersmarck in Vienna.

Carinthia
Carinthia (German: Kärnten [ˈkɛʁntn̩] ⓘ; Slovene: Koroška [kɔˈɾóːʃka] ⓘ or avstrijska Koroška; Italian: Carinzia [kaˈrintsja]) is the southernmost and least densely populated Austrian state, in the Eastern Alps, and is noted for its mountains and lakes. The Lake Wolayer is a mountain lake on the Carinthian side of the Carnic Main Ridge, near the Plöcken Pass. The main language is Austrian German, with its non-standard dialects belonging to the Southern Bavarian group; Carinthian Slovene dialects, forms of a South Slavic language that predominated in the southeastern part of the region up to the first half of the 20th century, are now spoken by a small minority in the area.

Carinthia's main industries are tourism, electronics, engineering, forestry, and agriculture.
1983 Virginia Slims of Houston – Doubles
Kathy Jordan and Pam Shriver were the defending champions but only Shriver competed that year with Martina Navratilova.

Navratilova and Shriver won in the final 6–4, 6–3 against Jo Durie and Barbara Potter.

Jo Durie
Joanna Mary Durie (born 27 July 1960) is a British former tennis player. Her highest singles ranking was world number five; in doubles she reached number nine, and won two Grand Slam titles, both in the mixed doubles with Jeremy Bates.

Born in Bristol, England, Jo Durie was the last British woman to reach the semifinal of a Grand Slam tournament until Johanna Konta reached the semifinal of the 2016 Australian Open, and the last British woman to win a major title in any discipline, until Heather Watson won the 2016 Wimbledon mixed doubles title with Henri Kontinen.