hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Gettysburg, third day cavalry battles
On the third day of the Battle of Gettysburg (July 3, 1863) there were two cavalry battles: one approximately three miles (5 km) to the east, in the area known today as East Cavalry Field, the other southwest of the [Big] Round Top mountain (sometimes called South Cavalry Field).

The East Cavalry Field fighting was an attempt by Maj. Gen. J.E.B. Stuart's Confederate cavalry to get into the Federal rear and exploit any success that Pickett's Charge may have generated. Union cavalry under Brig. Gens. David McM. Gregg and George Armstrong Custer repulsed the Confederate advances.

In South Cavalry Field, after Pickett's Charge had been defeated, reckless cavalry charges against the right flank of the Confederate Army, ordered by Brig. Gen. Judson Kilpatrick, were easily repulsed, resulting in the death of Brig. Gen. Elon J. Farnsworth.

Big Round Top
Big Round Top is a boulder-strewn hill notable as the topographic high point: 3  of the Gettysburg Battlefield and for 1863 American Civil War engagements for which Medals of Honor were awarded. In addition to battle monuments, a historic reconstruction era structure on the uninhabited hill is the Big Round Top Observation Tower Foundation Ruin.
Marta Martins da Silva
Marta Sofia Martins da Silva Trindade (born 25 September 1979) is a Portuguese architect and politician. In the 2024 Portuguese national election she was elected to the Assembly of the Republic as a representative of the right-wing CHEGA party.

Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)
The Assembly of the Republic (Portuguese: Assembleia da República, pronounced [ɐsẽˈblɐjɐ ðɐ ʁɛˈpuβlikɐ]), commonly referred to as simply Parliament (Portuguese: Parlamento), is the unicameral parliament of Portugal. According to the Constitution of Portugal, the parliament "is the representative assembly of all Portuguese citizens". The constitution names the assembly as one of the country's sovereignty bodies.

It meets in São Bento Palace, the historical site of an old Benedictine monastery. The palace has been the seat of the Portuguese parliaments since 1834 (Cortes until 1910, Congress from 1911 to 1926 and National Assembly from 1933 to 1974).
2016–17 Dunfermline Athletic F.C. season
The 2016–17 season was Dunfermline Athletic's first season in the Scottish Championship, having finished top of the Scottish League One in 2015–16. The Pars were relegated from the competition's previous incarnation, the Scottish First Division at the end of the 2012–13 season.

Manager Allan Johnston made four permanent first-team summer signings as he began his second season as Dunfermline Athletic manager. The club's first competitive fixtures came in the revamped Scottish League Cup, where they were eliminated at the group stage after finishing in third place. Dunfermline Athletic also competed in the Challenge Cup and the Scottish Cup, where they were knocked out by Dundee United and Hamilton Academical respectively.

2016–17 Scottish League Cup
The 2016–17 Scottish League Cup  (also known as the Betfred Cup for sponsorship reasons) was the 71st season of Scotland's second-most prestigious football knockout competition.

The format for the 2016–17 competition changed from the previously used knockout-rounds. Instead, it began with eight groups of five teams which included all 2015–16 Scottish Professional Football League (SPFL) clubs, excluding those competing in Champions League and Europa League qualifiers, as well as the winners of the 2015–16 Highland Football League (Cove Rangers) and the 2015–16 Lowland Football League (Edinburgh City).

Celtic won the final 3–0 against Aberdeen on 27 November 2016.
Athletics at the 1908 Summer Olympics – Men's 1500 metres
The men's 1500 metres was an Olympic event for the fourth time at the 1908 Summer Olympics. The competition was held on 13 and 14 July 1908. The races were held on a track of 536.45 metre (1⁄3 mile) circumference. The event was won by Mel Sheppard of the United States, the second consecutive Games an American had won the event. Sheppard, like Jim Lightbody in 1904, would also win the 800 metres for a middle-distance double.

44 runners from 15 nations competed. NOCs could enter up to 12 athletes. There were eight heats of the first round, with the winners of those heats competing in the final.

Mel Sheppard
Melvin Whinfield "Peerless Mel" Sheppard (September 5, 1883 – January 4, 1942) was an American athlete, member of the Irish American Athletic Club, and winner of four gold medals and one silver medal at the 1908 Summer Olympics and 1912 Summer Olympics. Along with Henry Taylor of the United Kingdom, he was the most successful athlete at the 1908 Olympics.
Thanawat Suengchitthawon
Thanawat Suengchitthawon (Thai: ธนวัฒน์ ซึ้งจิตถาวร, born 8 January 2000) is a Thai professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Thai League 1 side Ratchaburi and the Thailand national football team.

Having played for Nancy's youth system and the France national youth team, Thanawat made his international debut with Thailand in 2021 and transferred to Leicester City in 2020. He played for their U23 sides and also managed to appear on the roster for the senior team.

Thai League 1
The Thai League (Thai: ไทยลีก, pronounced as ไท-หลีก) or Thai League 1 (Thai: ไทยลีก 1, pronounced as ไท-หลีก-หนึ่ง), often referred to as T1, is the highest level of the Thai football league system. Contested by 16 clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with Thai League 2. Seasons typically run from August to May, with each team playing 30 games: two against each other team, one home and one away. It is sponsored by BYD Auto and therefore officially known as the BYD Sealion 6 League I. In the Thai League, most games are played on Saturday and Sunday evenings, occasionally being played on Wednesday and Friday evening fixtures.
Billy-Jean Ale
Billy-Jean Ale (born 8 May 1991) is a New Zealand rugby league footballer who played for the New Zealand Warriors in the NRL Women's Premiership. Primarily a prop, she has represented Samoa and New Zealand.

New Zealand women's national rugby league team
The New Zealand women's national rugby league team, also known as the Kiwi Ferns or New Zealand Kiwi Ferns, represents New Zealand in women's rugby league. They are administered by the New Zealand Rugby League.

New Zealand won the Women's Rugby League World Cup in 2000, 2003 and 2008.
Carleton (Province of Canada electoral district)
Carleton was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly of the Parliament of the Province of Canada, in Canada West.  It was based on Carleton County, fronting on the Ottawa River.

Carleton electoral district was created in 1841, upon the establishment of the Province of Canada by the merger of Upper Canada and Lower Canada.  It  was represented by one member in the Legislative Assembly.  It was abolished in 1867, upon the creation of Canada and the province of Ontario.

Ottawa River
The Ottawa River (French: Rivière des Outaouais, Algonquin: Kichi-Sìbì/Kitchissippi) is a river in the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec. It is named after the Algonquin word "to trade", as it was the major trade route of Eastern Canada at the time. For most of its length, it defines the border between these two provinces. It is a major tributary of the St. Lawrence River and the longest river in Quebec.
Frontline season 1
This is a list of the 13 episodes of series one of Frontline, which first aired in 1994. In series 1, Frontline chronicles the behind-the-scenes workings of a struggling current affairs show competing with dominant players for audience share. The series is shot in mockumentary style.

All of the show's episodes were written, produced and directed by Rob Sitch (Mike Moore), Jane Kennedy (Brooke Vandenberg), Santo Cilauro (Geoffrey Salter)—who also did most of the camera work—and Tom Gleisner.

Rob Sitch
Robert Ian Sitch (born 17 March 1962) is an Australian filmmaker, actor and comedian. He directed and co-wrote the comedy films The Castle (1997) and The Dish (2000); the former of which is often considered one of the greatest Australian films ever made. On television, he is known for the 1990s comedy series Frontline and the long-running comedy series Utopia (2014–present).
Shimoura Station
Shimoura Station (下浦駅, Shimoura-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the town of Ishii, Myōzai District,  Tokushima Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by JR Shikoku and has the station number "B06".

Tokushima Prefecture
Tokushima Prefecture (徳島県, Tokushima-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [to.kɯ̥ꜜ.ɕi.ma, tokɯ̥.ɕiꜜ.ma, to.kɯ̥.ɕi.maꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located on the island of Shikoku. Tokushima Prefecture has a population of 682,439 (1 February 2025) and has a geographic area of 4,146 km2 (1,601 sq mi). Tokushima Prefecture borders Kagawa Prefecture to the north, Ehime Prefecture to the west, and Kōchi Prefecture to the southwest.

Tokushima is the capital and largest city of Tokushima Prefecture, with other major cities including Anan, Naruto, and Yoshinogawa. Tokushima Prefecture is located on the Kii Channel, connecting the Pacific Ocean and Seto Inland Sea, across from Wakayama Prefecture on the Kii Peninsula of the island of Honshu. Tokushima Prefecture is connected to Awaji Island across the Naruto Strait by the Ōnaruto Bridge as part of the Kobe-Awaji-Naruto Expressway, connecting the prefecture to the city of Kobe and the San'yō Expressway on Honshu.
Munna Lal Mundel
Munna Lal Mundel (born 7 July 1968) is a retired Indian Army officer. He was a naik (corporal) in the 9th Jat Regiment of the Indian Army. He is recipient of the Shaurya Chakra award from then president, A. P. J. Abdul Kalam.

Shaurya Chakra
The Shaurya Chakra  (lit. 'Wheel of Gallantry') is an Indian military decoration awarded for valour, courageous action or self-sacrifice while not engaged in direct action with the enemy. It may be awarded to civilians as well as military personnel, sometimes posthumously. It is third in order of precedence of peacetime gallantry awards and comes after the Ashoka Chakra and the Kirti Chakra. It precedes the Yudh Seva Medal.
Ernst-Rüdiger Olderog
Ernst-Rüdiger Olderog (born 4 June 1955) is a German computer scientist. He is a full professor at the University of Oldenburg in Oldenburg, northern Germany. He heads the Correct Systems Design (CSD) group whose research is focused on programming language theory. Their research goal is methods for the systematic development of correct software for parallel and distributed systems under real-time constraints. In 1994, Olderog was awarded the  Leibnitz Prize of the German Research Foundation (DFG) for his work. He has authored a number of scientific books and served as editor-in-chief of the journal Acta Informatica and as chairman of the IFIP Working Group 2.2 on Formal Description of Programming Concepts. His work in this Working Group was awarded the IFIP Silver Core in 1998.

International Federation for Information Processing
The International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP) is a global organisation for researchers and professionals working in the field of computing to conduct research, develop standards and promote information sharing.

Established in 1960 under the auspices of UNESCO, IFIP is recognised by the United Nations and links some 50 national and international societies and academies of science with a total membership of over half a million professionals. IFIP is based in Laxenburg, Austria and is an international, non-governmental organisation that operates on a non-profit basis.
Adobo
Adobo or adobar (Spanish: marinade, sauce, or seasoning) is the immersion of food in a stock (or sauce) composed variously of paprika, oregano, salt, garlic, and vinegar to preserve and enhance its flavor. The Portuguese variant is known as carne de vinha d'alhos. The practice, native to Iberia (Spanish and Portuguese cuisine), was widely adopted in Latin America, as well as Spanish and Portuguese colonies in Africa and Asia.

In the Philippines, the name adobo was given by colonial-era Spaniards on the islands to a different indigenous cooking method that also uses vinegar. Although similar, this developed independently of Spanish influence.

Vinegar
Vinegar (from Old French  vyn egre 'sour wine') is an odorous aqueous solution of diluted acetic acid and trace compounds that may include flavorings or naturally occurring organic compounds. Vinegar typically contains from 4% to 18% acetic acid by volume.

Usually, the acetic acid is produced by a double fermentation—converting simple sugars to ethanol using yeast, and then converting ethanol to acetic acid using acetic acid bacteria. Many types of vinegar are made, depending on source materials.

The product is now mainly used in the culinary arts as a flavorful, acidic cooking ingredient, salad dressing, or pickling agent. Various types are used as condiments or garnishes, including balsamic vinegar and malt vinegar.

As an easily manufactured mild acid, it has a wide variety of industrial and domestic uses, including functioning as a household cleaner.
Belgian railway line 162
The Belgian railway line 162 is a railway line in Belgium connecting Namur to the Luxembourg border at Sterpenich (Arlon). Completed in 1859, the line runs 146.8 km. Together with the Belgian railway line 161 (Brussels – Namur) and the CFL Line 50 (Sterpenich – Luxembourg City), it forms the important rail link between Brussels and Luxembourg.

August 2022 work will start on having the electrification switched over to 25kV these works are part of a desire to increase the speed, load and frequency of rail traffic.

CFL Line 50
Line 50 is a Luxembourgish railway line connecting Luxembourg City to the west of the country, leading to Kleinbettingen and on to Arlon, in south-eastern Belgium. The terminus at the eastern end is Luxembourg railway station. It is designated, and predominantly operated, by Chemins de Fer Luxembourgeois.

The line was opened by the Compagnie des chemins de fer de l'Est in 1859. In 1956, the line was electrified at 3 kV DC, in order to allow Belgian locomotives to go into Luxembourg station without changing at the border. The line was re-electrified at 25 kV AC on 16 September 2018, and services into Luxembourg are now run by multi-system SNCB/NMBS locomotives.
The Skeptics' Guide to the Universe
The Skeptics' Guide to the Universe (SGU) is an American weekly skeptical podcast hosted by Steven Novella along with a panel of contributors. The official podcast of the New England Skeptical Society, it was named to evoke The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy. The show features discussions of recent scientific developments in layman's terms, and interviews authors, people in the area of science, and other famous skeptics. The SGU podcast includes discussions of myths, conspiracy theories, pseudoscience, the paranormal, and other forms of superstition, from the point of view of scientific skepticism.

New England Skeptical Society
The New England Skeptical Society (NESS) is an American organization dedicated to promoting science and reason. It was founded in January 1996 as the Connecticut Skeptical Society, by Steven Novella, Perry DeAngelis and Bob Novella. The group later joined with the Skeptical Inquirers of New England (SINE) and the New Hampshire Skeptical Resource to form the New England Skeptical Society.
Adrian Smith (rugby union)
Adrian Allan Vaughan Smith (born 27 April 1987) is a New Zealand former professional rugby union player.

A hooker, Smith had several seasons with North Harbour and in 2017 was called up by the Highlanders as cover for their injured captain Ash Dixon, going on to make his Super Rugby debut off the bench against the Chiefs in Dunedin.

Smith joined French second-tier Pro D2 club Aurillac in 2018. He retired from professional rugby after Aurillac's 2022–23 campaign but made a return the following season to fill a gap caused by World Cup absences.

Ash Dixon
Ash Dixon (born 1 September 1988) is a New Zealand rugby union player, who currently plays as a hooker for Kobelco Kobe Steelers in Division 1 of the Japan Rugby League One (JRLO). He previously played for Green Rockets Tokatsu in Division 2 of the JRLO, for the Highlanders in Super Rugby and for Hawke's Bay in New Zealand's domestic National Provincial Championship competition. He has also played for the Hurricanes and Auckland.
Nanki Ram Kanwar
Nanki Ram Kanwar (born 21 July 1943) is an Indian politician served as Home Minister of Government of Chhattisgarh. He is a member of Bharatiya Janta Party and was also Cabinet Minister in Sunder Lal Patwa ministry in Government of Madhya Pradesh.

He joined politics from Jan Sangh and won 1977 Assembly election on Jan Sangh ticket.
He is well noted for his support of aggressive stance against the Naxalites. In 2006 he was noted for supporting the Salwa Judum. By 2010 he was known to have looked at alternate methods for fighting terrorism. He is also known for taking a strong stance against improper investigative techniques of the Chhattisgarh police. He was also in controversy for suggesting that Swami Agnivesh was supporting Maoists.

Government of Madhya Pradesh
The Government of Madhya Pradesh (abbreviated as MP)  or Madhya Pradesh Government, is the supreme governing authority of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh and its 55 districts. It consists of an executive, led by the governor of Madhya Pradesh, a judiciary and a legislative branch. In 2000, the southern portion was broken off to form the new state of Chhattisgarh with its own government.
Arthur William Mahaffy
Arthur William Mahaffy O.B.E. was a colonial administrator who served in the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Protectorate, the British Solomon Islands Protectorate, the Colony of Fiji, the Anglo-French Condominium of the New Hebrides, with his final post being the Administrator of Dominica.

Condominium (international law)
A condominium (plural either condominia, as in Latin, or condominiums) in international law is a territory (such as a border area or a state) in or over which multiple sovereign powers formally agree to share equal dominium (in the sense of sovereignty) and exercise their rights jointly, without dividing it into "national" zones.

Although a condominium has always been recognized as a theoretical possibility, condominia have been rare in practice. A major problem, and the reason so few have existed, is the difficulty of ensuring co-operation between the sovereign powers; once the understanding fails, the status is likely to become untenable.
Valery Bondik
Valery Bondyk is a People's Deputy of Ukraine, member of Party of Regions fraction (since November 2007), Chairman of the Committee on the Judiciary (since December 2007), member of the High Council of Justice (since March 2007).

Party of Regions
The Party of Regions (Ukrainian: Партія регіонів, romanized: Partiia rehioniv, pronounced [ˈpɑrt⁽ʲ⁾ijɐ reɦiˈɔn⁽ʲ⁾iu̯]; Russian: Партия регионов, romanized: Partiya regionov) was a pro-Russian political party in Ukraine formed in late 1997 that used to be the largest party in Ukraine between 2006 and 2014.

Since the Revolution of Dignity, the party has not competed in elections and members have slowly dispersed; the last election in which the party participated was the 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election. The best-known former party members are former prime minister Mykola Azarov and former president of Ukraine Viktor Yanukovych; both fled to Russia in February 2014 after Euromaidan.

The Ukrainian Eighth Administrative Court of Appeal banned the party on 21 February 2023.
Ahomadégbé
Ahomadégbé is an arrondissement in the Kouffo department of Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Lalo. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 3,556.

Lalo, Benin
Lalo  [la.lo] is a town, arrondissement, and commune in the Kouffo Department of south-western Benin. The commune covers an area of 432 square kilometres (167 sq mi) and as of 2013 had a population of 119,926 people.
Angular mechanics
In physics, angular mechanics is a field of mechanics which studies rotational movement. It studies things such as angular momentum, angular velocity, and torque. It also studies more advanced things such as Coriolis force and Angular aerodynamics. It is used in many fields such as toy making, aerospace engineering, and aviation.

Torque
In physics and mechanics, torque is the rotational correspondent of linear force. It is also referred to as the moment of force, or simply the moment. Just as a linear force is a push or a pull applied to a body, a torque can be thought of as a twist applied to an object with respect to a chosen axis. For example, driving a screw uses torque to force it into an object. The torque is applied by the screwdriver, rotating around its axis, to the drive on the head of the screw.

Torque is generally referred to using different vocabulary depending on geographical location and field of study, with torque generally being associated with physics and moment being associated with engineering. This article follows the definition used in US physics in its usage of the word torque.

Torque is typically represented mathematically using  the lowercase Greek letter tau (). When being referred to as moment of force, it is commonly denoted by M.
Grand Glory
Grand Glory (foaled 19 April 2016) is a British-bred, French-trained Thoroughbred racehorse. In her early career she was lightly-campaigned but showed good racing ability, winning her only race as a juvenile and finishing third in the Prix de Diane in 2019. As a four-year-old in 2020 she won the Listed Prix Zarkava and the Group 3 Prix de Flore. Grand Glory was even better as a five-year-old in 2021 when she took the Grand Prix de Vichy and the Prix Jean Romanet as well as running second in the Prix de l'Opera and fifth in the Japan Cup. In 2022 she won a second Prix Zarkava before taking the Prix Allez France and finishing third in the Prince of Wales's Stakes.

Prix de Diane
The Prix de Diane, sometimes referred to as the French Oaks, is one of the most important and prestigious Group 1 horse races in France open to three-year-old thoroughbred fillies. It is run at Chantilly over a distance of 2,100 metres (about 1 mile and 2½ furlongs), and it is scheduled to take place each year in June. It is one of four races in France with a purse of a million euros or more.

It is France's equivalent of The Oaks, a famous race in England.

Over 40,000 people from around the world attend the races to not only watch the races and bet on horses, but also to showcase the latest fashion trends.
Delia Alvarez
Delia Alvarez (born 1941) is a former American county government official and anti-war activist. A member of a Mexican American family from Salinas, California, she is a younger sister of Everett Alvarez Jr., who was the first United States pilot to be shot down during the Vietnam War and the American who was held in captivity as a prisoner of war (POW) for the second longest period of time during that war. She first rose to prominence in 1964 while protesting his detention and torture at Hỏa Lò Prison (dubbed the "Hanoi Hilton" by American POWs).

In 1979, she became "the highest-ranking Chicano in county government in Santa Clara County, California" when she was appointed as the county's acting director of personnel.

Hỏa Lò Prison
Hỏa Lò Prison (Vietnamese: [hwâː lɔ̀], Nhà tù Hỏa Lò; French: Prison Hỏa Lò) was a prison in Hanoi originally used by the French colonists in Indochina for political prisoners, and later by North Vietnam for U.S. prisoners of war during the Vietnam War. During this later period, it was known to American POWs as the "Hanoi Hilton". Following Operation Homecoming, the prison was used to incarcerate Vietnamese dissidents until its demolition between 1993 and 1994. Its gatehouse remains a museum.