hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fasting in Islam
In Islam, fasting (called ṣawm in Arabic: صَوم [sˤɑwm], or ṣiyām صيام [sˤɪˈjæːm]) is the practice of abstaining from food, drink, sexual activity, and anything that substitutes food and drink. During the holy month of Ramadan, fasting is observed between dawn and sunset when the prayer call of the dawn prayer and the sunset prayer is called. Ramadan is the ninth month of the Muslim lunar calendar and fasting is a requirement for able Muslims as it is the fourth of the five pillars of Islam.

Fasting during Ramadan, called ṣawm, is one of the Five Pillars of Islam. Muslims abstain from food and drink during daylight hours as a way to develop self-control, piety, and compassion for those in need.

The fast is observed every day of Ramadan unless a person falls under exemptions such as illness, travel, pregnancy, or other health conditions.

Dawn
Dawn is the time that marks the beginning of twilight before sunrise. It is recognized by the appearance of indirect sunlight being scattered in Earth's atmosphere, when the centre of the Sun's disc has reached 18° below the observer's horizon. This morning twilight period will last until sunrise (when the Sun's upper limb breaks the horizon), when direct sunlight outshines the diffused light.
Verizon Droid
The Droid series of phones is exclusive to Verizon Wireless. The branding "Droid" is a registered trademark of Lucasfilm and is licensed to Verizon for use. Many of these phones are also sold in other countries under different names (for example, Motorola Droid is called Milestone in Europe); see under the individual articles for details.

Droid X
The Droid X is a smartphone released by Motorola in July 2010. The smartphone was renamed Motoroi X for its release in Mexico on November 9, 2013. The Droid X runs on the Android operating system, and the latest version supported was 2.3 Gingerbread. It was distributed by Verizon Wireless in the United States and Iusacell in Mexico.

Motorola ceased production of the Droid X on March 31, 2011. Less than two months later on May 26, 2011, Motorola released its successor, the Droid X2, which featured an upgraded dual-core processor called the Nvidia Tegra 2. These were the only products.
Level 42 (album)
Level 42 is the debut album released in August 1981 by the British group Level 42.

It is best known for the track "Love Games", which became a successful jazz–funk and dancefloor hit for the band (reaching number 38 on the UK singles chart). It has figured in both L42's and bassist Mark King's solo live appearances to this day. Also gaining substantial dance airplay on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean was the track "Starchild", with Lindup on vocals.

The second single, "Turn it On", released in the United Kingdom, Spain, France and Canada, peaked at #47 in the UK single charts.

The third single, "Starchild", has been released in six countries beyond the United Kingdom (peak position: #57), including the United States of America, where it entered the Club Play Singles at #60. In 2001, it was re-released by the label Peppermint Jam Records in the United Kingdom and Germany.

Mark King (musician)
Mark Raymond King (born 20 October 1958) is an English singer, songwriter, and musician. He is the lead vocalist and bassist of the jazz-funk band Level 42. King is known for his slap style of playing the bass guitar, with MusicRadar describing him as "the guy who put the slap in pop during the 80s". King received a BASCA Gold Badge Award in October 2015 in recognition of his contribution to British music. He won the "Outer Limits" award at the 2017 Progressive Music Awards.
Pungudutivu
Pungudutivu or Pungai Idu Tivu (Tamil: புங்குடுதீவு Sinhala: පුන්ගුඩුතිව්) is a small island composed of number villages that is just west of the Jaffna Peninsula in Sri Lankan Tamil dominated Northern Province. It is divided into 12 wards internally, each corresponding a major settlement.

Schools, government hospitals and some private clinics are also available. Pungudutivu is connected by road with mainland Jaffna. SLTB and private buses travel through the island along the Jaffna - Kurikattuvan route. People take a boat from Kurikattuvan to reach Nainativu.

Nainativu
Nainativu (Tamil: நயினாதீவு Nainatheevu, Sinhala: නාගදීපය Nagadeepa), is a small but notable island off the coast of Jaffna Peninsula in the Northern Province, Sri Lanka. The name of the island alludes to the folklore inhabitants, the Naga people.
It is home to the Hindu shrine of Nagapooshani Amman Temple; one of the prominent 64 Shakti Peethas, and the Buddhist shrine Nagadeepa Purana Viharaya.

Historians note the island is mentioned in the ancient Tamil Sangam literature of nearby Tamil Nadu such as Manimekalai where it was mentioned as Manipallavam (Tamil: மணிபல்லவம்), and ancient Buddhist legends of Sri Lanka such as Mahavamsa. Ptolemy, a Greek cartographer, described the islands around the Jaffna peninsula Nagadiba (Greek: Ναγάδιβα) in the first century CE.
Langer Heinrich (crane vessel)
Langer Heinrich, or in English Long Henry, is a floating crane commissioned in 1915 for the Wilhelmshaven Imperial Shipyard in Wilhelmshaven, Germany and has been located in Genoa, Italy since 1997. At the time of completion she was the largest floating crane in the world, passing up the Ajax crane barge completed in 1914.

Crane vessel
A crane vessel, crane ship, crane barge, or floating crane is a ship with a crane specialized in lifting heavy loads, typically exceeding 1,500 t (1,476 long tons; 1,653 short tons) for modern ships. The largest crane vessels are used for offshore construction.

The cranes are fitted to conventional monohulls and barges, but the largest crane vessels are often catamaran or semi-submersible types which provide enhanced stability and reduced platform motion. Many crane vessels are fitted with one or more rotating cranes. Some of the largest crane vessels use fixed sheerlegs instead; in these designs, the crane cannot rotate relative to the ship, and the vessel must be manoeuvered to place loads. Other vessels use large gantry cranes and straddle the load.
Sindiswa Gomba
Sindiswa Griselda Gomba (born 21 May 1958) is a South African politician who was the Eastern Cape MEC for Health from 2019 to 2021. She became a Member of the Eastern Cape Provincial Legislature in March 2019. Gomba is a member of the African National Congress (ANC) and previously served as a municipal councillor of the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality.

Eastern Cape Provincial Legislature
The Eastern Cape Provincial Legislature is the primary legislative body of the South African province of Eastern Cape. It is unicameral in its composition, and elects the premier and the provincial cabinet from among the members of the leading party or coalition in the parliament.

At the commencement of the 7th provincial legislature on 14 June 2024, the number of seats allocated to the Eastern Cape Provincial Legislature increased from 63 to 72.
James Webb (South African artist)
James Webb (born June 20, 1975 in Kimberley, Northern Cape) is a South African artist best known for his interventions and installations incorporating sound.  His sound installations place special emphasis on the sourcing and presentation of the sound clips, as well as the social significance and context of these sounds.  Often referred to as a "collector of sounds," Webb is interested in the role that aural events play in our everyday life. The physical presentation of the work, including the installation space and the logistics of speakers, are also deliberate choices for Webb.

Webb received the 2008 ABSA L'Atelier Award and his work is featured in many private and public collections, including the Tate Modern, Art Institute of Chicago, MAXXI, Kadist, Khalid Shoman Foundation, Iziko South African National Gallery, the Johannesburg Art Gallery, and the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Art Museum.

MAXXI
MAXXI (Italian: Museo nazionale delle arti del XXI secolo, 'national museum of 21st-century arts') is a national museum of contemporary art and architecture in the Flaminio neighborhood of Rome, Italy. The museum is managed by a foundation created by the Italian Ministry of Culture. The building was designed by Zaha Hadid, and won the Stirling Prize of the Royal Institute of British Architects in 2010.
Barrelhouse Chuck
Barrelhouse Chuck (born Harvey Charles Goering; July 10, 1958 – December 12, 2016) was an American Chicago blues and electric blues pianist, keyboardist, singer, and songwriter.

He claimed to be the only Chicago blues pianist to have studied under Sunnyland Slim, Pinetop Perkins, Blind John Davis, Detroit Junior, and Little Brother Montgomery.  His work appeared on sixteen albums.

Detroit Junior
Emery Williams Jr. (October 26, 1931 – August 9, 2005), known as Detroit Junior, was an American blues pianist, vocalist and songwriter. He is known for songs such as "So Unhappy", "Call My Job", "If I Hadn't Been High", "Ella" and "Money Tree". His songs have been covered by Koko Taylor, Albert King and other blues artists.
Friedrich Krebs (mayor)
Friedrich Krebs (9 May 1894 – 6 May 1961) was a German lawyer and Oberbürgermeister of Frankfurt during Nazi Germany. In March 1933, Krebs, a fervent antisemite and member of the Nazi Party, ousted the previous mayor, Ludwig Landmann, who was Jewish. Within two weeks Krebs fired all Jewish city employees, even before the German Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service formally removed Jews from government service.

Burgomaster
Burgomaster (alternatively spelled burgermeister, lit. 'master of the town/borough/fortress/citizens') is the English form of various terms in or derived from Germanic languages for the chief magistrate or executive of a city or town. The name in English was derived from the Dutch burgemeester.

In some cases, burgomaster was the title of the head of state and head of government of a sovereign (or partially or de facto sovereign) city-state, sometimes combined with other titles, such as Hamburg's First Mayor and President of the Senate). Contemporary titles are commonly translated into English as mayor.
Information assurance
Information assurance (IA) is the practice of assuring information and managing risks related to the use, processing, storage, and transmission of information. Information assurance includes protection of the integrity, availability, authenticity, non-repudiation and confidentiality of user data. IA encompasses both digital protections and physical techniques. These methods apply to data in transit, both physical and electronic forms, as well as data at rest. IA is best thought of as a superset of information security (i.e. umbrella term), and as the business outcome of information risk management.

Confidentiality
Confidentiality involves a set of rules or a promise sometimes executed through confidentiality agreements that limits the access to or places restrictions on the distribution of certain types of information.
Evan Engram
Evan Michael Engram (born September 2, 1994) is an American professional football tight end for the Denver Broncos of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Ole Miss Rebels, earning first-team All-American honors in 2016. He was selected by the New York Giants with the 23rd pick in the first round of the 2017 NFL draft. In 2022, Engram signed with the Jacksonville Jaguars, where he spent three seasons before being released after the 2024 season and later signed with the Broncos. He has been known for his incredibly fast 40-yard dash, a 4.42.

2017 NFL draft
The 2017 NFL draft was the 82nd annual meeting of National Football League (NFL) franchises to select newly eligible American football players. It was held in front of the Philadelphia Museum of Art on April 27–29, returning to Philadelphia for the first time since 1961.

The player selections were announced from an outdoor theater built on the Rocky Steps, marking the first time an entire NFL draft was held outdoors. The NFL announced that the draft was the most attended in history, with more than 250,000 people present. Starting with this draft, compensatory picks could be traded. The record for most trades made during an NFL draft was set this year at 37, surpassing the 34 trades made in the 2008 NFL draft. The number of trades was surpassed in 2019, when 40 trades were made.
Egoist anarchism
Egoist anarchism or anarcho-egoism, often shortened to egoism, is a school of anarchist thought that originated in the philosophy of Max Stirner, a 19th-century philosopher whose "name appears with familiar regularity in historically orientated surveys of anarchist thought as one of the earliest and best known exponents of individualist anarchism". Egoist anarchism places the individual at the forefront, crafting ethical standards and actions based on this premise. It advocates personal liberation and rejects subordination, emphasizing the absolute priority of self-interest.

Der Eigene
Der Eigene ([deːɐ̯ ˈʔaɪ̯ɡənə], lit. 'The Own') was an anarchist newspaper notable for being the first gay journal in the world, published from 1896 to 1932 by Adolf Brand in Berlin. Brand contributed many poems and articles; other contributors included writers Benedict Friedlaender, Hanns Heinz Ewers, Erich Mühsam, Kurt Hiller, Ernst Burchard, John Henry Mackay, Theodor Lessing, Klaus Mann, and Thomas Mann, as well as artists Wilhelm von Gloeden, Fidus, and Sascha Schneider. The journal may have had an average of around 1500 subscribers per issue during its run, but the exact numbers are uncertain.
John Savill
Sir John Stewart Savill, FRS, FMedSci (born 25 April 1957) is the Chief Executive of the Medical Research Council (MRC) in the UK and the Head of the College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine and a Vice Principal of the University of Edinburgh.

University of Edinburgh Medical School
The University of Edinburgh Medical School (also known as Edinburgh Medical School) is the medical school within the College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland.

The medical school was established in 1726, during the Scottish Enlightenment, making it the oldest medical school in the United Kingdom and the oldest medical school in the English-speaking world.

The medical school is associated with 13 Nobel Prize laureates: 7 in the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine and 6 in the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Graduates of the medical school have founded medical schools and universities all over the world including 5 out of the 7 Ivy League medical schools (Harvard, Yale, Columbia, Pennsylvania and Dartmouth), Vermont, McGill, Sydney, Montréal, the Royal Postgraduate Medical School (now part of Imperial College London), the Cape Town, Birkbeck, Middlesex Hospital and the London School of Medicine for Women (both now part of UCL).
Avner Faingulernt
Avner Faingulernt (Hebrew: אבנר פיינגולרנט) is an Israeli independent filmmaker. He is professor and the dean of the Faculty of Arts, Kibbutzim College in Tel Aviv. He was chair of the School of Audio & Visual Arts, Sapir Academic College, founder of Cinema South Festival in Sderot, chief editor of the annual "Cinema South Notebooks" and "Cinema South The Curator Book". Faingulernt was also a visiting professor at Columbia University in New York City, the University of Haifa, the Film and TV School of the Academy of Performing Arts in Prague and at Filmakademie Baden Württemberg. He is an educator and a peace activist.

Sderot
Sderot (Hebrew: שְׂדֵרוֹת, pronounced [sdeˈʁot], lit. 'boulevards'; Arabic: سديروت, sometimes Romanized as "Sederot") is a western Negev city and former development town in the Southern District of Israel. In 2023, it had a population of 35,477.

Sderot is located less than a mile from Gaza (the closest point is 840 m (2,760 ft)), and is notable for having been a major target of Qassam rocket attacks from the Gaza Strip. Between 2001 and 2008, rocket attacks on the city killed 13 people, wounded dozens, caused millions of dollars in damage and profoundly disrupted daily life. Although rocket fire subsided after the Gaza War (2008–09), the city has come under rocket attack on occasion since that time.

In 2024, Sderot was chosen to serve as a model for Israeli cities in the implementation of urban forestry ideas.
Fategarh, Odisha
Fategarh is a village in Orissa, located in Bhapur Tehsil in Nayagarh District of Odisha, India. It is 38 km far from its District Main City Nayagarh. It is 60 km far from its state capital Bhubaneswar.

It is also a main entrance path to Nayagarh district from Bhubaneswar. As of 2011, the village has a population of 4,611, which is quite large compared to the average size of a typical village in Odisha. Nearby tourist places are Shree Neela madhava Temple, Tarabalo Hot spring (the second largest Hot spring of India), Barakhola hillside, mundiapada hillside, Mahanadi Ghat, Kachera Lake, Kaligiri River, Khandapara Palace, Pathani Samant Chandrasekhar's Birthplace and Orissa's longest over bridge(1.2 km) over Mahanadi river here, connecting Cuttack District towards north-east.

Nayagarh district
Nayagarh district is one of the 30 districts of Odisha state in eastern India. It was created on 01-April-1993 when the erstwhile Puri District was split into three distinct districts, namely Khordha, Nayagarh and Puri.

The district is bordered by Khordha district to the south and east, Cuttack district to the east and north, Angul district to the north, Boudh district to the northwest, Kandhamal district to the west and Ganjam district to the southwest.
Easy Money III: Life Deluxe
Easy Money III: Life Deluxe (Swedish: Snabba Cash: Livet Deluxe) is a 2013 Swedish thriller film directed by Jens Jonsson, based on the novel Livet Deluxe by Jens Lapidus. The film is the third and final installment in the Easy Money film trilogy, following Easy Money and Easy Money II: Hard to Kill. Matias Varela and Joel Kinnaman reprise their roles as career criminal Jorge and business student turned convict JW, respectively, alongside returning cast members Dejan Čukić and Madeleine Martin and series newcomers Martin Wallström and Malin Buska. Set after the events of the second film, Easy Money III: Life Deluxe continues the stories of Jorge, JW, and the Serbian mob as their paths intertwine through their criminal activities.

Dejan Čukić
Dejan Čukić (Serbian Cyrillic: Дејан Чукић; born 25 November 1966) is a Montenegrin-Danish actor. He appeared in the Wallander TV film series as Lars in The Ghost, based on the novel by Henning Mankell.  He also played Cardinal Giulano della Rovere in the TV drama series Borgia.
Earl of Kincardine
The title Earl of Kincardine was created in 1647 in the Peerage of Scotland for Edward Bruce, grandson of George Bruce of Carnock, who was the younger brother of Edward Bruce, 1st Lord Kinloss, the father of Thomas Bruce, 1st Earl of Elgin.

Charles Bruce, the ninth Earl of Kincardine, inherited the title Earl of Elgin in 1747, and the Earldoms of Elgin and Kincardine have remained united since.

Charles Bruce, 5th Earl of Elgin
Charles Bruce, 5th Earl of Elgin and 9th Earl of Kincardine (6 July 1732 – 14 May 1771) was a Scottish nobleman. He succeeded his cousin Charles Bruce, 3rd Earl of Ailesbury as Earl of Elgin in 1747.

He was the son of William Bruce, 8th Earl of Kincardine and Janet Roberton. His mother was the daughter of James Roberton (principal Lord of Session) and great-granddaughter of advocate and judge Lord Bedlay. He was educated at Rugby School.

He was Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Scotland from 1761 to 1763. He was a founding member of the Royal and Ancient Golf Club at St Andrews. He built the planned industrial village of Charlestown, Fife.

He is buried in the southern transept of Dunfermline Abbey close to the grave of Robert the Bruce. In 1812, Scottish composer Magdalene Stirling named her Charles Bruce Reel after him.
Yeh Rishta Na Tootay
Yeh Rishta Na Tootay (transl. This Relationship Should Never Be Broken) is a 1981 Indian Hindi-language romantic musical film directed by K. Vijayan. It stars Rajendra Kumar, Mala Sinha, Vinod Mehra, Bindiya Goswami, Raj Babbar in lead roles. The film's music is by Kalyanji-Anandji.

Rajendra Kumar
Rajendra Kumar (born as Rajendra Kumar Tuli; 20 July 1927 – 12 July 1999) was an Indian actor who starred in Bollywood films. Starting his career in 1949, he worked in more than 80 films in a career spanning over four decades. Kumar is considered as one of the greatest and most successful actors in Indian cinema. He was popularly known as the Jubilee Kumar during the 1960s, when he consecutively starred in several commercially successful films.
Xinhua Bookstore Head Office
Xinhua Bookstore Head Office, or Xinhua Bookstore Headquarters (simplified Chinese: 新华书店总店; traditional Chinese: 新華書店總店; pinyin: Xīnhuá Shūdiàn Zǒngdiàn), is the central administrative hub of the Xinhua Bookstore, China's largest state-run book distribution chain. Established  in a Yan'an cave in 1937 as a small bookstore, the Head Office is now a large company in Beijing, overseeing the operations, logistics, and publishing activities of Xinhua Bookstore branches across the country.

Yan'an
Yan'an is a prefecture-level city in the Shaanbei region of Shaanxi province, China, bordering Shanxi to the east and Gansu to the west. It administers several counties, including Zhidan (formerly Bao'an), which served as the headquarters of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) before the city of Yan'an proper took that role.

Yan'an was near the endpoint of the Long March, and became the center of the Chinese Communist Revolution from late 1935 to early 1947. Chinese communists celebrate Yan'an as the birthplace of the revolution.

As of 2019, Yan'an has approximately 2,255,700 permanent residents.: 4–5
Bakyt Torobayev
Bakyt Ergeshevich Torobayev (Kyrgyz: Бакыт Эргешевич Төрөбаев, Russian: Бакыт Эргешевич Торобаев, born 5 April 1973) is a Kyrgyz politician who has been the leader of the Onuguu-Progress party since 2013.

After working in various managerial roles, Torobayev was elected as a deputy for the Supreme Council of Kyrgyzstan in the 2007 parliamentary election, joining Kurmanbek Bakiyev's Ak Zhol party. After the 2010 Kyrgyz revolution in which Bakiyev was overthrown, he joined the Respublika Party of Kyrgyzstan, but clashed with party leader Omurbek Babanov, leading him to join Onuguu-Progress.

Torobayev was also an official candidate for the 2017 presidential election in Kyrgyzstan, until he withdrew nine days before the start of the election.

Respublika (political party)
Respublika (Kyrgyz: Республика, lit. 'Republic') is a political party in Kyrgyzstan. The party was formed in June 2010. Founded by Ömürbek Babanov, he served as its chairman until 2014, and during this time the party had a pro-Russia orientation. In 2014, the party merged with Ata-Zhurt to create Respublika–Ata Zhurt. However, the two parties ended up splitting back in 2020.

The party campaigned for the 2010 parliamentary elections on a platform stressing the ethnic diversity of Kyrgyzstan, and is in favor of a parliamentary system of government, as well as reducing the number of MPs from 120 to 75.
Jeff Bridewell
Jeffrey Todd Bridewell (born May 13, 1967) is an American former professional football quarterback who was selected in the 12th round of the 1991 NFL draft by the Phoenix Cardinals of the National Football League (NFL). He had brief stints with the Green Bay Packers, Indianapolis Colts, San Francisco 49ers, and with the Sacramento Surge, Barcelona Dragons, and Frankfurt Galaxy of the World League. He played college football for UC Davis.

Barcelona Dragons (NFL Europe)
The Barcelona Dragons were an American football team that was a part of the World League of American Football and later in the resurrected NFL Europe. Their home field in Barcelona was the Estadi Olímpic de Montjuic, the 1992 Olympic Stadium, and later the Mini Estadi.

The Dragons were successful on the field, making it to 4 World Bowls (1991, 1997, 1999, 2001) and winning World Bowl V in 1997.