hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Topographical disorientation
Topographical disorientation, also known as topographical agnosia and place blindness, is the inability to orient oneself in one's surroundings, sometimes as a result of focal brain damage. This disability may result from the inability to make use of selective spatial information (e.g., environmental landmarks) or to orient by means of specific cognitive strategies such as the ability to form a mental representation of the environment, also known as a cognitive map. It may be part of a syndrome known as visuospatial dysgnosia.

Focal and diffuse brain injury
Focal and diffuse brain injury are ways to classify brain injury: focal injury occurs in a specific location, while diffuse injury occurs over a more widespread area. It is common for both focal and diffuse damage to occur as a result of the same event; many traumatic brain injuries have aspects of both focal and diffuse injury. Focal injuries are commonly associated with an injury in which the head strikes or is struck by an object; diffuse injuries are more often found in acceleration/deceleration injuries, in which the head does not necessarily contact anything, but brain tissue is damaged because tissue types with varying densities accelerate at different rates.  In addition to physical trauma, other types of brain injury, such as stroke, can also produce focal and diffuse injuries. There may be primary and secondary brain injury processes.
EBA Clearing
EBA Clearing is a provider of pan-European payment infrastructure wholly owned by shareholders that consist of major European banks. It derives its name from the Euro Banking Association which was instrumental in its establishment in June 1998, but has always been a separate organization.

EBA Clearing owns and operates major payment infrastructure in Europe for Euro payments between banks, including EURO1 for high value payments, STEP1 for payments of small and medium-sized banks, STEP2-T, a pan-European automated clearing house (PE-ACH), and RT1 for instant payments. Both EURO1 and STEP2-T have been identified as Systemically Important Payment Systems by the European Central Bank in 2014, together with TARGET2 and CORE(FR).

EBA Clearing is based in Paris and has representative offices in Brussels, Frankfurt, Helsinki, London and Milan. Given their pan-European significance, both EURO1 and STEP2-T: 160  are under direct oversight by the European Central Bank.

Single Euro Payments Area
The Single Euro Payments Area (SEPA) is a payment integration initiative of the European Union for simplification of bank transfers denominated in euros. As of 2025, there were 41 members in SEPA, consisting of the 27 member states of the European Union, the four member states of the European Free Trade Association (Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland), the United Kingdom, as well as five EU candidate countries. Some microstates participate in the technical schemes: Andorra, Monaco, San Marino, and Vatican City. As of 2025, Albania, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Serbia are the five countries negotiating to join the EU that are included in SEPA.

SEPA covers predominantly normal bank transfers. Payment methods which have additional optional features or services, such as mobile phone or smart card payment systems, are not directly covered. However, the instant SEPA payment scheme facilitates payment products also on smart devices.
Konstantin Slavin
Konstantin Slavin is a Professor and Head of the Department of Stereotactic and functional neurosurgery at the University of Illinois College of Medicine. He is a former president of the American Society for Stereotactic and functional neurosurgery and current vice-president of the World Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery. His specialties include Aneurysm, Brain surgery, Brain Tumor, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Craniotomy, Dystonia, Essential Tremor, Facial Nerve Pain, Facial Pain, Glioblastoma, Headache disorders, Laminectomy, Lower back pain, Movement Disorders, Multiple Sclerosis, Neck Pain, Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Procedures, Pain, Parkinson Disease, Spinal Cord Injuries, and Stroke.

Neurosurgery
Neurosurgery or/and neurological surgery, also known in common parlance as brain surgery, is the medical specialty that focuses on the surgical treatment or rehabilitation of disorders that affect any portion of the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nervous system, and cerebrovascular system. Neurosurgery as a medical specialty also includes non-surgical management of some neurological conditions.
Ted Burgin
Edward Burgin (29 April 1927 – 26 March 2019) was an English professional footballer who played 551 times in the Football League as a goalkeeper for Sheffield United, Doncaster Rovers, Leeds United and Rochdale. He played twice for England B, and was a non-playing member of England's squad for the 1954 World Cup.

1954 FIFA World Cup
The 1954 FIFA World Cup was the fifth edition of the FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial international football tournament for senior men's national teams of the nations affiliated to FIFA. It was held in Switzerland from 16 June to 4 July. Switzerland was selected as the host country in July 1946. At the tournament, several all-time records for goalscoring were set, including the highest average number of goals scored per game. The tournament was won by West Germany, who defeated tournament favourites Hungary 3–2 in the final for their first World Cup title. Uruguay, the defending champions, were eliminated by Hungary and would lose to Austria in the match for third place.

The highest scoring match of a men’s World Cup happened in the quarter-finals of this tournament, when Austria defeated hosts Switzerland 7–5. The 12 goals of that match have never been surpassed in a men’s World Cup since — the 2019 Women's World Cup saw the USA beat Thailand 13–0.
Montone
Montone is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Perugia in the Italian region Umbria, located about 35 km north of Perugia. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

Montone is a walled medieval village with a small industrial and housing estate surrounding the walled town center. The town is the origin of the Fortebracci condottieri family, whose most famous member was Braccio da Montone.

Braccio da Montone
Braccio da Montone (1 July 1368 – 5 June 1424), born Andrea Fortebraccio, was a renowned Italian condottiero in the early 15th century. He distinguished himself through innovative military strategies and was among the first mercenary leaders to pursue the creation of an independent dominion. Braccio successfully seized control of several key cities in the regions of Umbria and Lazio, but his ambitions ultimately came to an end with his defeat and death during the War of L'Aquila in 1424.
Jalen Ramsey
Jalen Ramsey (/ˈdʒeɪlən/ JAY-lən; born October 24, 1994) is an American professional football safety for the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Florida State Seminoles and was selected by the Jacksonville Jaguars fifth overall in the 2016 NFL draft.

With the Jaguars, Ramsey quickly became one of the top cornerbacks in the NFL, making the Pro Bowl and being named an All-Pro in 2017, in addition to helping Jacksonville snap a 10-year playoff drought. However, following a fallout and standoff with the Jaguars' front office, he was traded to the Los Angeles Rams midway through the 2019 season. In 2020, he agreed to an extension with the Rams that made him the highest paid cornerback in league history at the time. Ramsey won Super Bowl LVI with the Rams before being traded to the Miami Dolphins during the 2023 offseason. He was traded to the Steelers two years later.

2016 NFL draft
The 2016 NFL draft was the 81st annual draft of National Football League (NFL) franchises to select newly eligible American football players. As in 2015, the draft took place at the Auditorium Theatre and Grant Park in Chicago. The draft began on Thursday, April 28 with the first round, and ended on Saturday, April 30. The Tennessee Titans, the team with the fewest wins in the NFL for the 2015 season, traded the right to the top pick in the draft to the Los Angeles Rams, the first time the top pick was traded before the draft since 2001 when the San Diego Chargers traded their first pick to the Atlanta Falcons. Ohio State became the second school to have three players drafted in the top ten and to have five players drafted in the first round.
Diego López (painter)
Diego López (c. 1465 – c. 1530) was a Spanish painter. He was born at Toledo and there studied under Antonio del Rincón. From 1495 to 1508 he helped decorate the Cathedral of Toledo, and in 1519, in company with Alonzo Sanchez, he decorated the theatre of the University of Alcalá de Henares. His works of art include a variety of different art styles.

Antonio del Rincón (painter)
Antonio del Rincón (ca. 1446–1500) was a 15th-century Spanish painter and artist, a court painter to los Reyes Católicos, Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile.

Born in Guadalajara, Spain around 1446, del Rincón is supposed to have studied painting in Italy, either in Rome or Florence, possibly under Andrea del Castagno or Domenico Ghirlandajo. Upon his return to Spain he was appointed court painter by the Catholic Monarchs, whose portraits he painted. He was awarded the Order of St. Jago for his contributions to the court, and has been described by 19th-century art historians to be "considered as the founder of the Spanish school [of painting]"  and "the first distinguished Spanish painter".
Harder Than Ever
Harder Than Ever is the debut studio album by American rapper Lil Baby. It was released on May 18, 2018, by 4 Pockets Full, Wolfpack Music Group, Quality Control Music, Motown and Capitol Records. The album features guest appearances from Starlito, Drake, Moneybagg Yo, Gunna, Young Thug, Offset, Lil Uzi Vert, and Hoodrich Pablo Juan. It also features production from Southside, Wheezy, Tay Keith, Quay Global and Turbo, among others.

Turbo (music producer)
Chandler A. Great (born August 9, 1994), known professionally as Turbo, is an American record producer. He is best known for his production work for hip-hop artists including Gunna, Nav, Lil Durk, Travis Scott, Drake, Young Thug, and Lil Baby, among others. His producer tag, "Run that back, Turbo", can be heard in many of his productions. He produced Lil Baby and Gunna's 2019 single "Drip Too Hard", which received diamond certification by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).
2013 Fed Cup
The 2013 Fed Cup (also known as the 2013 Fed Cup by BNP Paribas for sponsorship purposes) was the 51st edition of the most important tournament between national teams in women's tennis.

The draw took place on 6 June 2012 in Paris, France.

The final took place at the Tennis Club Cagliari in Cagliari, Italy on 1–2 November. The home and three time champions Italy defeated the fourth-seeded Russia, to win their fourth title.

Russia Billie Jean King Cup team
The Russia Billie Jean King Cup team represented Russia in Billie Jean King Cup tennis competition and are governed by the Russian Tennis Federation. They compete in the World Group. Following the 2020 ban of Russia by  the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) and the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS), it competed and won the 2020–21 Billie Jean King Cup under the RTF flag and name. After the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the International Tennis Federation suspended Russia from Billie Jean King Cup competitions.

From 1968 until 1991, the team represented the Soviet Union. With the dissolution of that country, it started to represent the Commonwealth of Independent States in 1992 until 1995, when it started to represent the Russian Federation.
Caught in the Act (Styx album)
Caught in the Act is a live double album by the American rock band Styx, released in 1984. It contains one new song, "Music Time," which was released as a single, reaching #40 on the Billboard Hot 100 charts.

Caught in the Act is also the name of a VHS video recording that featured the band acting out the concept established in their Kilroy Was Here album. A DVD version was released on December 11, 2007.

Shortly after this album's release, Tommy Shaw announced his departure from the band to pursue a solo career. The band then went into hiatus for the rest of the 1980s. Caught in the Act would ultimately prove to be the final album by the 1975-84 Styx lineup of Dennis DeYoung, Shaw, James Young, Chuck Panozzo, and John Panozzo. By the time Shaw returned to the band in 1995, John Panozzo's declining health prevented his participation, and he died in 1996.

Chuck Panozzo
Charles Salvatore "Chuck" Panozzo (born September 20, 1948) is an American musician best known as a co-founder of the rock band Styx. He is currently a part-time bass player in the band, sharing bass duties with Terry Gowan. Panozzo is living with HIV, which played a role in limiting his full-time participation.
Sienna Saveska
Sienna Saveska (Macedonian: Сиена Савеска; born 25 September 2006) is an Australian soccer player who plays as a midfielder for A-League Women club Melbourne Victory and the Australia under-20 national team. She previously played for A-League Women clubs Western Sydney Wanderers and Sydney FC.

Western Sydney Wanderers FC (women)
Western Sydney Wanderers Football Club is an Australian women's football club based in the western region of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Founded in 2012, it is the affiliated women's team of the A-League Men team Western Sydney Wanderers. The team currently competes in the A-League Women, the top tier of women's soccer in Australia.
John Harland (golfer)
John Harland (born c. 1870) was an English professional golfer. Harland tied for seventh place in the 1895 U.S. Open, held on Friday, October 4, at Newport Golf Club in Newport, Rhode Island. Horace Rawlins won the inaugural U.S. Open title, two strokes ahead of runner-up Willie Dunn. Harland had five top-40 finishes in the U.S. Open.

1895 U.S. Open (golf)
The 1895 U.S. Open was the first U.S. Open, held on Friday, October 4, at Newport Golf Club in Newport, Rhode Island. Horace Rawlins won the inaugural event, two strokes ahead of runner-up Willie Dunn.

Eleven players began the tournament (three withdrew before play began), completing four loops around Newport's nine holes, which measured 2,755 yards (2,519 m).  At the end of the first 18-holes Willie Campbell, Willie Dunn, and James Foulis were tied for the lead with 89, with Horace Rawlins two back at 91. Rawlins shot 41 on each of the last two loops of the course to post an 82 and 173 total, two ahead of Dunn and three ahead of Foulis and Canadian Andrew Smith, the lone amateur in the field. Rawlins won a winner's share of $150 and a gold medal.
Need You Now (Plumb album)
Need You Now is the sixth studio album by American singer-songwriter Plumb released on February 26, 2013. The album was preceded by the singles "Drifting", with Dan Haseltine of Jars of Clay making a guest appearance, and "Need You Now (How Many Times)". A deluxe edition of the album was released on September 16, 2014, with six additional tracks.

Dan Haseltine
Daniel Paul Haseltine (born January 12, 1973) is an American singer best known as lead vocalist for Christian alternative folk rock group Jars of Clay. He has performed vocals, piano, accordion, percussion and melodica while with Jars of Clay. He has had different artistic titles, including songwriter, producer, film composer, music supervisor and art designer.

Haseltine is also the founder of the non-profit organization Blood:Water Mission, where he currently sits as part of the board of directors. He is a regular writer and speaker about worship music, HIV/AIDS in Africa, social justice and church reform. Haseltine is also a regular columnist for Relevant Magazine, and has contributed articles to Moody, CCM Magazine, Christianity Today, World Vision, Campus Life and Beliefnet.
Ruth Vermehren
Ruth Vermehren (1894–1983) was a Danish Lutheran priest, one of the first three women to become priests of the Church of Denmark. An active member of the Danish Women's Society, she was frequently invited to preach at the organization's events. As a result of legislation introduced by the Church Minister Carl Hermansen in 1947, the following year, together with Johanne Andersen and Edith Brenneche Petersen, she was ordained by Bishop Hans Øllgaard in Odense Cathedral. Denmark thus became the first country in the world to have women priests. Vermehren then served as a priest in Copenhagen's Women's Prison until she retired in 1964.

Danish Women's Society
The Danish Women's Society or DWS (Danish: Dansk Kvindesamfund) is Denmark's oldest women's rights organization. It was founded in 1871 by activist Matilde Bajer and her husband Fredrik Bajer; Fredrik was a Member of Parliament and the 1908 Nobel Peace Prize laureate. The association stands for an inclusive, intersectional and progressive liberal feminism, and advocates for the rights of all women and girls and LGBT rights. It publishes the world's oldest women's magazine, Kvinden & Samfundet (Woman and Society), established in 1885. The Danish Women's Society is a member of the International Alliance of Women and is a sister association of the Norwegian Association for Women's Rights and the Icelandic Women's Rights Association.
Finnish–Novgorodian wars
The Finnish–Novgorodian wars were a series of conflicts between Finnic tribes in eastern Fennoscandia and the Republic of Novgorod from the 11th or 12th century to the early 14th century.

The terms used in Russian chronicles to refer to Novgorod's enemy, the Yem' (Емь, also transcribed as Em') or Yam' (Ямь), are unclear and probably referred to several different groups. Etymologically, they derive from the Finnish word Häme, which means Tavastia. Some of the groups identified as Yem may have been the inhabitants of Tavastland in south-central Finland, the West Finns in general, or a sub-group of Karelians on the northern coast of the Ladoga who descended from western Finns who had moved to the area earlier.

Second Swedish Crusade
The Second Swedish Crusade was a military expedition by the Kingdom of Sweden into Tavastia (Häme) in southern Finland described by Erik's Chronicle. According to the chronicle, the Swedes defeated the pagan Tavastians under the leadership of Birger Jarl, and started building a castle in Tavastia.

The expedition has traditionally been dated to 1249–1250 based on the chronology of the chronicle. However, some researchers have suggested that the expedition instead took place already in 1238–1239, shortly after the Tavastian uprising and before the Battle of the Neva against the Novgorod Republic. The castle that the Swedes began constructing during the expedition has traditionally been identified as Häme Castle, but it may also have been the older Hakoinen Castle.

The Second Swedish Crusade consolidated and extended Swedish control over Finland.
Frank Vennes
Frank Elroy Vennes Jr. is an American multimillionaire and convicted felon.

In 1987, Frank Elroy Vennes Jr., was convicted on federal charges of money laundering, illegal firearm sales and cocaine distribution.

In 1990, Vennes announced a religious transformation while incarcerated and became a major political contributor after his release .

Vennes was the primary Ponzi scheme fundraiser for Tom Petters, who was convicted of organizing a Ponzi scheme $3.5 billion in Minnesota.

In 2008, Vennes' homes were raided by federal agents in connection with the Petters Ponzi scheme. In July 2011, he was charged with eight counts of securities fraud, six counts of wire fraud, three counts of money laundering, three counts of bank fraud, and two counts of mail fraud.

On February 1, 2013, Vennes pleaded guilty to charges of securities fraud and money laundering and on October 18, 2013, he was sentenced to 15 years in Federal prison.

Ponzi scheme
A Ponzi scheme (/ˈpɒnzi/, Italian: [ˈpontsi]) is a form of fraud that lures investors and pays profits to earlier investors with funds from more recent investors. Named after Italian con artist Charles Ponzi, this type of scheme misleads investors by either falsely suggesting that profits are derived from legitimate business activities (whereas the business activities are non-existent), or by exaggerating the extent and profitability of the legitimate business activities, using new investments to fabricate or supplement these profits. A Ponzi scheme can maintain the illusion of a sustainable business as long as investors continue to contribute new funds, and as long as most of the investors do not demand full repayment or lose faith in the non-existent assets they are purported to own.
Xavier Woods (American football)
Xavier Woods (born July 26, 1995) is an American professional football safety. He was selected by the Dallas Cowboys in the sixth round of the 2017 NFL draft. He played college football for the Louisiana Tech Bulldogs.

Jameill Showers
Jameill Lamonte Showers (born September 6, 1991) is an American former professional football quarterback and safety in the National Football League (NFL) for the Dallas Cowboys. He played college football at the University of Texas at El Paso.
Hannah Pfalzgraf
Hannah Pfalzgraf (born 1997) is a Swiss trade unionist and politician who has served in the Cantonal Council of Zürich since 2018 as a member of the Social Democratic Party. Taking office at the age of 20, she was the youngest-ever cantonal councillor in Zürich at the time. Pfalzgraf has also been co-president of the Trade Union Confederation of the Canton of Zurich since 2023.

Cantonal Council of Zurich
The Cantonal Council of Zürich (German: Zürcher Kantonsrat) is the legislature of the canton of Zürich, in Switzerland. Zürich has a unicameral legislature.  The Cantonal Council has 180 seats, with members elected every four years.
Dai Houliang
Dai Houliang (Chinese: 戴厚良; pinyin: Dài Hòuliáng; born 20 August 1963) is a Chinese chemical engineer and business executive currently serving as chairman of China National Petroleum Corporation. He was an alternate of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.

China National Petroleum Corporation
The China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC; Chinese: 中国石油天然气集团公司; pinyin: Zhōngguó Shíyóu Tiānránqì Jítuán Gōngsī) is a major national oil and gas corporation of China and one of the largest integrated energy groups in the world. Its headquarters are in Dongcheng District, Beijing. CNPC was ranked fourth in 2022 Fortune Global 500, a global ranking of the largest corporations by revenue.
PeroCycle
PeroCycle is a carbon recycling technology developed for reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in steel production. It is designed to be integrated into blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace (BF-BOF) steelmaking, allowing existing steel plants to lower emissions while maintaining production capacity. The technology originates from research conducted at the University of Birmingham and has received support from Anglo American and Cambridge Future Tech.

Anglo American plc
Anglo American plc is a British multinational mining company with headquarters in London, England. It is the world's largest producer of platinum, representing approximately 40 percent of global output, as well as being a major producer of diamonds, copper, nickel, iron ore, polyhalite and steelmaking coal. The company has operations in Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America and South America.

Anglo American has a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. The company has a secondary listing on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. In the 2020 Forbes Global 2000, Anglo American was ranked as the 274th largest public company in the world.