hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic range
Dynamic range (abbreviated DR, DNR, or DYR) is the ratio between the largest and smallest measurable values of a specific quantity. It is often used in the context of signals, like sound and light. It is measured either as a ratio or as a base-10 (decibel) or base-2 (doublings, bits or stops) logarithmic value of the ratio between the largest and smallest signal values.

Electronically reproduced audio and video is often processed to fit the original material with a wide dynamic range into a narrower recorded dynamic range for easier storage and reproduction. This process is called dynamic range compression.

Microphone
A microphone, colloquially called a mic (/maɪk/), or mike, is a transducer that converts sound into an electrical signal. Microphones are used in telecommunication, sound recording, broadcasting, and consumer electronics, including telephones, hearing aids, and mobile devices.

Several types of microphone are used today, which employ different methods to convert the air pressure variations of a sound wave to an electrical signal. The most common are the dynamic microphone, which uses a coil of wire suspended in a magnetic field; the condenser microphone, which uses the vibrating diaphragm as a capacitor plate; and the contact microphone, which uses a crystal of piezoelectric material. Microphones typically need to be connected to a preamplifier before the signal can be recorded or reproduced.
Motion interpolation (computer graphics)
Motion interpolation is a programming technique in data-driven character animation that creates transitions between example motions and interpolates new motions.

Example motions are often created through keyframing or motion capture. However, keyframing is labor-intensive and lacks varieties of motion, and both processes result in motions that are time-consuming to alter.
Motion interpolation provides a much faster alternative to creating new motions through the same means.

Key frame
In animation and filmmaking, a key frame (or keyframe) is a drawing or shot that defines the starting and ending points of a smooth transition. These are called frames because their position in time is measured in frames on a strip of film or on a digital video editing timeline. A sequence of key frames defines which movement the viewer will see, whereas the position of the key frames on the film, video, or animation defines the timing of the movement. Because only two or three key frames over the span of a second do not create the illusion of movement, the remaining frames are filled with "inbetweens".
1943 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships
The 1943 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships were organized by the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) and served as the national championships in outdoor track and field for the United States.

The men's edition was held at Downing Stadium in New York City, New York, and it took place 19–20 June. The women's meet was held separately at Lakewood High School in Lakewood, Ohio, on 15 August.

It was the first time in men's championships history that no meeting records were set (mostly due to World War II). In the women's competition, Stella Walsh led her Polish Olympic Women's Athletic Club to the team title by winning three events.

Lakewood High School (Lakewood, Ohio)
Lakewood High School is a public high school located in Lakewood, Ohio, west of Cleveland.
The school colors are purple and gold and the mascot is the Ranger Man. The school athletics program is currently a member of the Cleveland West Conference.
Communications protection
In telecommunications, communications protection is the application of communications security (COMSEC) measures to telecommunications systems in order to: (a) deny unauthorized access to sensitive unclassified information of value, (b) prevent disruption of telecommunications services, or (c) ensure the authenticity of information handled by telecommunications systems.

Communications security
Communications security is the discipline of preventing unauthorized interceptors from accessing telecommunications in an intelligible form, while still delivering content to the intended recipients.

In the North Atlantic Treaty Organization culture, including United States Department of Defense culture, it is often referred to by the abbreviation COMSEC.  The field includes cryptographic security, transmission security, emissions security and physical security of COMSEC equipment and associated keying material.

COMSEC is used to protect both classified and unclassified traffic on military communications networks, including voice, video, and data.  It is used for both analog and digital applications, and both wired and wireless links.

Voice over secure internet protocol VOSIP has become the de facto standard for securing voice communication, replacing the need for Secure Terminal Equipment (STE) in much of NATO, including the U.S.A. USCENTCOM moved entirely to VOSIP in 2008.
Lester Ryan
Lester Ryan (18 April 1959 – 6 June 2020) was an Irish hurler who played as a midfielder at club level with Clara and at inter-county level with the Kilkenny senior hurling team. His brother, Harry Ryan, and his nephew, Lester Ryan, were All-Ireland Championship-winners with Kilkenny.

Dr Croke Cup
The All-Ireland Post-Primary Schools Croke Cup, is an annual inter-schools hurling competition organised by the Gaelic Athletic Association. It is the highest inter-schools hurling competition in Ireland, and has been contested every year, except on two occasions, since 1944.

The All-Ireland final, usually held in March, serves as the culmination of a knockout series of games played in February and March. Currently, qualification for the All-Ireland series is limited to teams competing in Connacht, Leinster and Munster. Eligible players must be under the age of 19.

The title has been won at least once by 17 different schools, nine of which have won the title more than once. The all-time record-holders are St Kieran's College, who have won the competition 24 times.

St Kieran's College are the current champions, having beaten St. Raphael's College by 0-26 to 1-18 in the 2024 All-Ireland final.
Republican Alliance for Social Forces
The Republican Alliance of Social Forces was an electoral alliance in Egypt that competed in the 2015 Egyptian parliamentary election. Some candidates from this list as well as the Reawakening of Egypt list withdrew from their own lists and joined the Egypt list.

Major figures in the alliance included Tahany al-Gebaly, a former vice president on the Supreme Constitutional Court, Hossam Khairallah, who was an officer in the General Intelligence Service, and Hassan Shaaban, who was the vice president of the New Wafd Party. The alliance ran on the list system in Cairo.

Reawakening of Egypt
The Reawakening of Egypt (Arabic: صحوة مصر, romanized: Sahwet Misr), also translated Egypt's Renaissance, was an electoral alliance in Egypt that was established by Abdelgelil Mostafa to contest the 2015 Egyptian parliamentary election. It withdrew from the election in September 2015.
Samakhvalavichy (village)
Samakhvalavichy (Belarusian: Самахвалавічы, romanized: Samachvalavičy; Russian: Самохваловичи, romanized: Samokhvalovichi) is a village in Minsk District, Minsk Region, Belarus. It is part of Samakhvalavichy selsoviet.

Minsk district
Minsk district (Belarusian: Мінскі раён; Russian: Минский район) is a district (raion) of Belarus in Minsk region. The administrative center is the capital Minsk, which is administratively separated from the district and region. As of 2024, it has a population of 274,990. The most populous town in the district is Zaslawye.
The God Species
The God Species: Saving the Planet in the Age of Humans (alternatively, The God Species: How the Planet Can Survive the Age of Humans (U.S.) or The God Species: How Humans Really Can Save the Planet... (paperback)) is a 2011 book by environmental writer Mark Lynas. It argues that since the Earth has entered an age—the Anthropocene—in which several of its systems are in the control of humanity, and that it is now up to humans to use this power wisely. The book challenges several beliefs usually held by environmentalists, arguing that technology like nuclear power and genetic engineering are useful and necessary tools to keep the Earth system within planetary boundaries, and that the Green movement's insistence on lifestyle changes and opposition to economic growth are unlikely to work.

Johan Rockström
Johan Rockström (born 31 December 1965) is a Swedish scientist, internationally recognized for his work on global sustainability issues. He is joint director of the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) in Germany, together with economist Ottmar Edenhofer. Rockström is also chief scientist at Conservation International. He is Professor in Earth System Science at the University of Potsdam and Professor in Water Systems and Global Sustainability, Stockholm University.

Rockström has pioneered work on the planetary boundaries framework, first published in 2009. The nine planetary boundaries presented in the framework, from climate to biodiversity, are argued to be fundamental in maintaining a "safe operating space for humanity."

Rockström was executive director of the Stockholm Environment Institute from 2004–2012, and director of the Stockholm Resilience Centre from 2007–2018.
French ship Scipion (1778)
Scipion was a French warship of the 18th century, lead ship of her class. She was completed in 1779.

Accounts cited that she was one of the three new naval vessels - along with Hercule (1798) and Pluton (1778) - built by the French that was so top-heavy, they nearly capsized. To correct Scipion's problem, a stowage was altered and a ballast replaced a part of the water supply. These remedies, however, failed so the French had to shorten the mast to make the ship seaworthy.

Scipion took part in the American War of Independence, notably sailing at the rear of the French squadron at the Battle of the Chesapeake under Antoine Pierre de Clavel.

In the action of 18 October 1782, under Captain Nicolas Henri de Grimouard, Scipion fought gallantly against two British ships of the line of 90 and 74 guns. Through good sailmanship, she managed to damage HMS London and escape, but was destroyed the next day after she was chased and ran aground.

HMS Hercule
HMS Hercule was a 74-gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy. She was previously Hercule, a Téméraire class ship of the line of the French Navy, but was captured on her maiden voyage in 1798, and spent the rest of her career as a British ship. She was broken up in 1810.
Oujda-Angad Prefecture
Oujda-Angad Prefecture (Arabic: عمالة وجدة-أنكاد) is an urban prefecture located within the Oriental Region, of northeast Morocco. The north of the province has been a part of the historical region of Béni Iznassen tribes (Aït Iznassen).

The prefecture had a population of 551,767 in 2014.

Oujda
Oujda (Arabic: وجدة, romanized: wajda, pronounced [ˈwa(d)ʒda]) is a major city in northeast Morocco near the border with Algeria. Oujda is the largest city and capital of the Oriental region of northeastern Morocco and has a population of 506,224 people (2024 census). It is located about 15 kilometres (9 miles) west of the Moroccan-Algerian border in the south of the Beni Iznassen Mountains and about 55 km (34 miles) south of the Mediterranean coast.
Rhos Rydd Shield
The Rhos-Rydd Shield (Welsh: Tarian Rhos Rydd), or Rhyd y Gors (or less commonly Glan-rhos shield) is a large copper-alloy Yetholm-type shield from the Bronze Age, found in Rhos-Rydd or Rhyd y Gors, near Blaenplwyf, Wales. It is currently held in the British Museum in London.  It is completely flat, 667 mm across, and 0.7 mm thick, weighing 1929 grams.  It dates from the 12th to the 10th century BC.

Bronze Age Britain
Bronze Age Britain is an era of British history that spanned from c. 2500–2000 BC until c. 800 BC. Lasting for approximately 1,700 years, it was preceded by the era of Neolithic Britain and was in turn followed by the period of Iron Age Britain. Being categorised as the Bronze Age, it was marked by the use of copper and then bronze by the prehistoric Britons, who used such metals to fashion tools. Great Britain in the Bronze Age also saw the widespread adoption of agriculture.

During the British Bronze Age, large megalithic monuments similar to those from the Late Neolithic continued to be constructed or modified, including such sites as Avebury, Stonehenge, Silbury Hill and Must Farm. That has been described as a time "when elaborate ceremonial practices emerged among some communities of subsistence agriculturalists of western Europe".
2024 French Open – Girls' singles
Tereza Valentová won the girls' singles title at the 2024 French Open, defeating compatriot Laura Samson in the final, 6–3, 7–6(7–0). This was the first all-Czech junior final in Grand Slam history. Valentová was also the third Czech player in four years to win the girls' singles, after Linda Nosková in 2021 and Lucie Havlíčková in 2022.

Alina Korneeva was the defending champion, but chose not to participate this year.

Gloriana Nahum became the first female player from Benin to win a match in a Grand Slam.

2022 French Open – Girls' singles
Lucie Havlíčková won the title, defeating Solana Sierra in the final, 6–3, 6–3.

Linda Nosková was the defending champion, but chose not to participate. She qualified for the women's singles event, where she lost to Emma Raducanu in the first round.
Silver Bear for Best Actress
The Silver Bear for Best Actress (German: Silberner Bär/Beste Darstellerin) was an award presented at the Berlin International Film Festival from 1956 to 2020. It was given to an actress who has delivered an outstanding performance and was chosen by the International Jury from the films in the Competition slate at the festival. Beginning with the 71st Berlin International Film Festival, the award was replaced with two gender-neutral categories, Silver Bear for Best Leading Performance and Silver Bear for Best Supporting Performance.

At the 6th Berlin International Film Festival held in 1956, Elsa Martinelli was the first winner of this award for her performance in Donatella, and Paula Beer was the last winner in this category for her role in Undine at the 70th Berlin International Film Festival in 2020.

71st Berlin International Film Festival
The 71st annual Berlin International Film Festival took place from 1 to 5 March 2021 as a virtual festival due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Romanian film Bad Luck Banging or Loony Porn directed by Radu Jude won the Golden Bear. It was the third victory of Romania in the last nine years.
Dialogue of Simon and Theophilus
The Dialogue of Simon and Theophilus (Altercatio Simonis et Theophili) is a 5th-century Latin Christian text giving a dialogue, akin to that of Dialogue with Trypho, between Simon, a Jew, and Theophilus, a Christian. The Altercatio is the oldest surviving Jewish-Christian dialogue preserved in Latin. It has been attributed to, and may even be by, Cyprian. The work draws on earlier Greek and Latin traditions.

Gennadius of Marseille attributes it to a monk named Evagrius.

Dialogue with Trypho
The Dialogue with Trypho is an extant second-century Christian apologetic text by theologian  Justin Martyr. Along with his First and Second Apologies, it is usually agreed to be dated in between AD 155 and 160. It is seen as documenting the attempts to show that Christianity is the new law for all men, and to prove from Scripture that Jesus is the Messiah.

The Dialogue utilizes the literary device of an intellectual conversation between Justin and Trypho, a Jew. The concluding section propounds that the Christians are the "true" people of God.
Tai Long Wan, Sai Kung
Tai Long Wan (Chinese: 大浪灣; lit. 'Big Wave Bay') is a 3 kilometer-wide bay on the east coast of the Sai Kung Peninsula in Sai Kung District, Hong Kong. Considered one of the most beautiful places in Hong Kong, it is a popular surf destination.

Sai Kung Peninsula
The Sai Kung Peninsula (Chinese: 西貢半島; Jyutping: sai1 gung3 bun3 dou2) is a peninsula in the easternmost part of the New Territories in Hong Kong. Its name comes from Sai Kung Town in the central southern area of the peninsula. The southern part of the peninsula is administered by Sai Kung District, the north by Tai Po District and the northwest by Sha Tin District.
Icon (album series)
Icon is a series of compilation albums released by Universal Music Enterprises, a division of Universal Music Group, the largest music publisher in the world.

The series began in 2010. Among the artists whose recordings have been included are Billy Ray Cyrus, Cher, Kenny Rogers, Joe Cocker, Michael Jackson, Nirvana and Queen. It also includes artists by the former EMI Records and Capitol Records labels once they were absorbed by UMG in 2013.

Universal Music Enterprises
Universal Music Enterprises (UME, stylized as UMe) is the catalogue division of Universal Music Group. It includes Hip-O Records, Universal Chronicles, and UM3 or UMC (which is the international division of the company). Under various divisions, it reissues many classic albums from the UMG back catalogue, and also various compilation albums, including series such as the 20th Century Masters - The Millennium Collection and Icon budget lines and the 2-disc Gold compilations. UMe also handles synchronization licenses for films, television and video games.
Kardymovsky District
Kardymovsky District (Russian: Карды́мовский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-five in Smolensk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast and borders with Dukhovshchinsky District in the north, Yartsevsky District in the northeast, Dorogobuzhsky District in the east, Glinkovsky District in the southeast, Pochinkovsky District in the south, and with Smolensky District in the west. The area of the district is 1,093.15 square kilometers (422.07 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a settlement) of Kardymovo. Population: 11,852 (2010 Census);  12,521 (2002 Census); 13,505 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Kardymovo accounts for 39.3% of the district's total population.

Dorogobuzhsky District
Dorogobuzhsky District  (Russian: Дорогобу́жский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-five in Smolensk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,771.99 square kilometers (684.17 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Dorogobuzh. Population: 29,077 (2010 Census);  32,672 (2002 Census); 36,016 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Dorogobuzh accounts for 36.9% of the district's total population.
Yoshito Hori
Yoshito Hori (堀義人, Hori Yoshito) (born March 28, 1962) is a Japanese businessman, educator, and venture capitalist. He is the founder and president of Globis Corporation and Globis University Graduate School of Management. He is also founder and managing partner of Globis Capital Partners, president of the G1 Institute and the Kibow Foundation, and owner of the Ibaraki Robots basketball team and radio broadcaster LuckyFM Ibaraki Broadcasting System.

B.League
The B.League is a men's professional basketball league in Japan. The league is operated by the Japan Professional Basketball League and was formed as a result of a merger between the National Basketball League that was operated by the FIBA-affiliated Japan Basketball Association and the independently operated bj league. The merger had been mandated by FIBA as a condition to Japan having its membership resumed following suspension in November 2014. The league began play in September 2016.
Forbin
Forbin is a French surname.

Members of an ancient Provence family (which now has many branches, the principal ones being the Forbin des Lasarts branch and the Forbin Janson branch) bearing the name include:

Palamède de Forbin (died 1508), founder of the house

Toussaint de Forbin-Janson (1625–1713), called the cardinal de Janson, bishop

Claude de Forbin (1656-1733), French naval commander

Count de Forbin, officer of the French Navy who served under Suffren during the War of American Independence

Jacques II de Forbin-Janson (1680–1741), Archbishop of Arles

Joseph de Forbin (died 1728)

Louis Nicolas Philippe Auguste de Forbin (1779–1841), French painter

Charles-Auguste-Marie-Joseph de Forbin-Janson (1785–1844), Bishop of Nancy

Others with this surname include:

Alfred Forbin (1872-1956), stamp dealer

The fictional character Charles A. Forbin in the film Colossus: The Forbin Project

Location:

Hôtel de Forbin, a hôtel particulier on the Cours Mirabeau in Aix-en-Provence.

Louis Nicolas Philippe Auguste de Forbin
Louis Nicolas Philippe Auguste, comte de Forbin (19 August 1777 in La Roque-d'Anthéron, Bouches-du-Rhône – 23 February 1841 in Paris) was the French painter and antiquary who succeeded Vivant Denon as curator of the Musée du Louvre and the other museums of France.
Two Actors in Samurai Roles (Gosotei Hirosada)
Two Actors in Samurai Roles from the series "Tales of Brave Warriors of Renown" is an ukiyo-e woodblock print diptych by Osaka-based late Edo period print designer Gosōtei Hirosada (五粽亭廣貞) (fl. c. 1819-1863). Each sheet depicts a kabuki actor as a samurai, and belongs to a series of prints celebrating illustrious figures in Japan's martial tradition. The print belongs to the permanent collection of the Prince Takamado Gallery of Japanese Art in the Royal Ontario Museum, Canada.

Kabuki
Kabuki (歌舞伎; Japanese pronunciation: [ka.bɯ.kʲi]) is a classical form of Japanese theatre, mixing dramatic performance with traditional dance. Kabuki theatre is known for its heavily stylised performances, its glamorous, highly decorated costumes, and for the elaborate kumadori make-up worn by some of its performers.

Kabuki is thought to have originated in the early Edo period, when the art's founder, Izumo no Okuni, formed a female dance troupe that performed dances and light sketches in Kyoto. The art form later developed into its present all-male theatrical form after women were banned from performing in kabuki theatre in 1629. Kabuki developed throughout the late 17th century and reached its zenith in the mid-18th century.

In 2005, kabuki theatre was proclaimed by UNESCO as an intangible heritage possessing outstanding universal value. In 2008, it was inscribed in the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.
Palmiet Pumped Storage Scheme
The Palmiet Pumped Storage Scheme consists of two 200 megawatts (270,000 hp) turbine units located 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) upstream of the Kogelberg Dam on the Palmiet River near Cape Town, South Africa. The pumped-storage hydroelectricity plant is capable of responding to a surge in peak power demand in minutes. At night, excess power on the grid generated by conventional coal and nuclear plants is used to pump water to the upper Rockview Dam overlooking Gordon's Bay.

It is regarded as a forerunner in environmental engineering. The whole Palmiet site is a conservation area and in December 1998 the area was declared a Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO - the first in South Africa.

Kogelberg Dam
Kogelberg Dam is a combined gravity & arch type dam located on the Palmiet River, near Grabouw, Western Cape, South Africa. It was established in 1986 and its primary purpose is to serve for irrigation and industrial use. The hazard potential of the dam has been ranked high (3).