hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dhana jiru
Dhana jiru is an Indian spice mix consisting primarily of ground, roasted cumin (jiru) and coriander (dhana) seeds. Some cooks add a variety of other spices such as red chili powder, cassia leaves, cinnamon bark, and black pepper, which makes the mixture somewhat similar to garam masala.

Coriander
Coriander (/ˌkɒriˈændər, ˈkɒriændər/), or Coriandrum sativum, is an annual herb in the family Apiaceae. The leaves are known as cilantro (/sɪˈlæntroʊ, -ˈlɑːn-/) in the United States (but not in the United Kingdom).: 90  Most people perceive the leaves as having a fresh, slightly citrus taste. Due to variations in the gene OR6A2, some people perceive its flavor to be more soaplike or rotten.

The species is native to the Mediterranean Basin. All parts of the plant are edible, with the fresh leaves and dried seeds most traditionally used in cooking. It is included in Peruvian, Mexican, Indian and Southeast Asian cuisines.
Hiyang Athouba
Hiyang Athouba (ꯍꯤꯌꯥꯡ ꯑꯊꯧꯕ), also written as Heeyang Athouba, Hiyangthau or Hiyangthou (ꯍꯤꯌꯥꯡꯊꯧ), is a figure in Meitei mythology and folklore of ancient Kangleipak (early Manipur). It refers to a corpse that transforms into a demon-like, monstrous, or vampire-like being. Folktales in Meitei tradition describe numerous cases in which dead human bodies undergo such a transformation. A frequently told narrative describes the transformation of a woman who dies alone and becomes a Hiyangthau. It is considered as one of the Lai Phattaba beings or the evil spirits in traditional Meitei beliefs.

Meitei mythology
Meitei mythology (or Manipuri mythology) (Meitei: Meitei Mi Lai Tingi Wari) is a collection of myths, belonging to the religious and cultural traditions of the Meitei people, the predominant ethnic group of Manipur. It is associated with traditional Meitei religion of Sanamahism. Meitei myths explain various natural phenomena, how human civilization developed, and the reasons of many events.
Baruch Leib Rosowsky
Baruch Leib Rosowsky (Latvian: Baruhs Leibs Rozovskis, 1841  –  1919) was a famous cantor of the Great Choral Synagogue in Riga and a composer of religious music in Riga, at the time a city in Imperial Russia. Rosowsky's time of death was during the Latvian War of Independence. His son was also a famous cantor, named Solomon Rosowsky. It is likely that Rosowsky's family is related to the Rasofsky branch of the Barney Ross family.

Hazzan
A hazzan (/ˈhɑːzən/; Hebrew: [χaˈzan], lit. 'hazan') or chazzan (Hebrew: חַזָּן, romanized: ḥazzān, plural ḥazzānim; Yiddish: חזן, romanized: khazn; Ladino: חזן, romanized: hasan) is a Jewish musician or precentor trained in the vocal arts who leads the congregation in songful Jewish prayer. In English, a hazzan is often referred to as a cantor, a term also used in Christianity.

An individual leading a Jewish congregation in public prayer is also called a sh'liaḥ tzibbur (Hebrew: שליח ציבור, lit. 'messenger of the public'). Any person is called a sh'liach tzibbur while leading prayer. However, the term hazzan more commonly refers to someone with formal specialized training in leading prayers or who is appointed to lead prayers regularly in a given synagogue without a formally trained hazzan.
East Malaita constituency
East Malaita is a single-member constituency of the National Parliament of Solomon Islands. Located on the island of Malaita, it was established in 1973 when the Governing Council was expanded from 17 to 24 seats. It was abolished in 1993 when Parliament was expanded from 38 to 47 seats, but re-established in 1997 when a further three seats were added. Alfred Maetia, who served as MP for East Malaita between 1980 and 1993, was elected in Central Kwara'ae in the 1993 elections, but returned to contest the East Malaita seat in 1997.

Central Kwara'ae constituency
Central Kwara'ae is a parliamentary constituency electing one representative to the National Parliament of Solomon Islands. It had a registered electorate of 8,977 in 2006, and 9,955 in 2010. It is one of fourteen constituencies in Malaita Province.

The constituency was established for the Fifth Parliament in 1993, and its first MP was Alfred Maetia. Fred Fono won the seat in 1997, and was twice re-elected, ultimately becoming deputy Prime Minister in 2007. He stood for a fourth term in 2010, but was unseated by political newcomer and independent candidate Jackson Fiulaua, in what was described as "the major upset" of the election. Fiulaua then became Minister for Infrastructure and Development in Danny Philip's government.
English cricket team in Bangladesh in 2009–10
The England cricket team toured Bangladesh at the end of the 2009–10 cricket season, playing three One Day Internationals (ODI) and two Test matches. Regular England captain Andrew Strauss controversially missed the tour to rest for the 2010–11 Ashes series, so the team was led for the first time by Alastair Cook. Bangladesh were captained by all-rounder Shakib Al Hasan.

England whitewashed Bangladesh in both the Test and ODI series, maintaining their record as the only Test-playing nation not to have been beaten by the Bangladeshis. England gave debuts to five players during the series, including South African-born Craig Kieswetter, which drew criticism over the number of foreign-born players in the England team, particularly from former England captain Michael Vaughan.

2010–11 Ashes series
The 2010–11 Ashes series (known as the Vodafone Ashes Series for sponsorship reasons) was the 66th series of Test cricket matches played to contest The Ashes. The series was played in Australia as part of the England cricket team's tour of the country during the 2010–11 season. Five Tests were played from 25 November 2010 to 7 January 2011. England won the series 3–1 and retained the Ashes, having won the previous series in 2009 by two Tests to one. It was the first time in 24 years that England had won the Ashes in Australia. As of 2025–26, it remains the most recent occasion that England has won an Ashes series in Australia.
Noon language
Noon (Non, None, Serer-Noon, Serer-Non) is a Cangin language of Senegal spoken in the Thiès region (14°47′N 16°55′W﻿ / ﻿14.783°N 16.917°W﻿ / 14.783; -16.917). There is an estimated population of 10,000- 50,000 speakers worldwide, rendering this language to be vulnerable. Ethnologue reports that it is 84% cognate (and 68% intelligible) with Lehar, essentially a divergent dialect, and 68% cognate with the other Cangin languages.

The Noon people identify themselves ethnically as Serer. However, their language, often called Serer-Noon on the assumption that it is a Serer dialect, is not closely related to the principal language of the Serer population, Serer-Sine.

Serer language
Serer, often broken into differing regional dialects such as Serer-Sine and Serer-Saloum, is a language of the Senegambian branch of the Niger–Congo family spoken by 1.2 million people in Senegal and 30,000 in the Gambia as of 2009. It is the principal language of the Serer people, and was the language of the early modern kingdoms of Sine, Saloum, and Baol. Serer is primarily written in the Latin alphabet.
Paraconi River
The Paraconi River is a river in the state of Amazonas in north-western Brazil. It is located east of the Madeira River and these two are connected via the Paraná Urariá. Through the Paraná Urariá it is also connected to several other smaller rivers and ultimately Paraná do Ramos, which is a side channel of the Amazon River itself.

Madeira River
The Madeira River (Portuguese: Rio Madeira [maˈdejɾɐ]) is a major waterway in South America. It is estimated to be 1,450 km (900 mi) in length, while the Madeira-Mamoré is estimated near 3,250 km (2,020 mi) or 3,380 km (2,100 mi) in length depending on the measuring party and their methods. The Madeira is the biggest tributary of the Amazon, accounting for about 15% of the water in the basin. A map from Emanuel Bowen in 1747, held by the David Rumsey Map Collection, refers to the Madeira by the pre-colonial, indigenous name Cuyari.

The River of Cuyari, called by the Portuguese Madeira or the Wood River, is formed by two great rivers, which join near its mouth. It was by this River, that the Nation of Topinambes passed into the River Amazon.
Sheeptown
Sheeptown is a small village and townland in County Down, Northern Ireland. It lies to the northeast of Newry, on the old road between Newry and Rathfriland. It is part of the Newry Rural Electoral Division, within the civil parish of Newry (Down portion), and the barony of the Lordship of Newry. The townland covers approximately 2.38 km² (or 588 acres). Historically, the townland (or part of it) was called Athcruthain. In the 2001 Census it had a population of 204 people. It is part of the Newry and Mourne District Council area.

Newry
Newry (/ˈnjʊəri/; from Irish An Iúraigh) is a city in Northern Ireland, standing on the Clanrye River in counties Down and Armagh. It is near the border with the Republic of Ireland, on the main route between Belfast (34 miles/55 km away) and Dublin (67 miles/108 km away). The population was 27,913 in 2021.

Newry was founded in 1144 as a settlement around a Cistercian abbey. In the 16th century the English dissolved the abbey and built Bagenal's Castle on the site. Newry grew as a market town and a garrison, and became a port in 1742 when the Newry Canal was opened, the first summit-level canal in Ireland. A cathedral city, it is the episcopal seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Dromore. In 2002, as part of the Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II, Newry was granted city status along with Lisburn.
Place de la Bourse, Brussels
The Place de la Bourse (French, pronounced [plas də la buʁs]) or Beursplein (Dutch, pronounced [ˈbøːrsˌplɛin] ⓘ), meaning "Stock Exchange Square", is a major square in central Brussels, Belgium. It was created following the covering of the river Senne (1867–1871). Nowadays, it is, after the Grand-Place/Grote Markt, the second most important square in the city. The Bourse Palace, of which it takes its name, is located on this square. It is served by the premetro (underground tram) station Bourse - Grand-Place/Beurs - Grote Markt on lines 4 and 10.

Brussels tram route 4
The premetro and tram route 4 in Brussels, Belgium, is operated by STIB/MIVB, and connects the Stalle Parking stop in the southern municipality of Uccle to Brussels-North railway station in the municipality of Schaerbeek. It was created on 2 July 2007 as a new route between Esplanade and Stalle Parking. On 31 August 2009, the route was shortened with a new terminus at Brussels-North, while line 3 was expanded between Brussels-North and Esplanade. The colour of the signage for this line is pink.

Following the disbandment of line 3 in 2024, only tram lines 4 and 10 remain in the North–South Axis that runs underneath the Pentagon (Brussels' city centre). Both lines 4 and 10 have a 6-minute schedule during rush hour and are serviced by the modern low-floor trams (Bombardier T3000 and T4000).
Front for the Liberation of Lebanon from Foreigners
The Front for the Liberation of Lebanon from Foreigners (FLLF) (Arabic: جبهة تحرير لبنان من الغرباء, romanized: Jabhat Tahrir Lubnan min al-Ghuraba'), or Front pour la Libération du Liban des Étrangers (FLLE) in French, was a formerly Israeli-backed obscure underground organization that surfaced in Lebanon at the early 1980s.

According to Ronen Bergman, the front was a "terrorist organization that Israel ran in Lebanon in the years 1980-83" which was set up on the orders of Israel Defense Forces Chief of Staff Rafael Eitan, who instructed Israeli General Avigdor Ben-Gal, together with Meir Dagan, to create and oversee the group in the wake of the 1979 Nahariya attack.

Mossad
The Institute for Intelligence and Special Operations (Hebrew: המוסד למודיעין ולתפקידים מיוחדים, romanized: ha-Mosád le-Modiʿín u-le-Tafkidím Meyuḥadím), popularly known as Mossad (UK: /ˈmɒsæd/ MOSS-ad, US: /moʊˈsɑːd/ moh-SAHD), is the national intelligence agency of the State of Israel. It is one of the main entities in the Israeli Intelligence Community, along with Aman (military intelligence) and Shin Bet (internal security).

Mossad is responsible for intelligence collection, covert operations, and counter-terrorism. Its director answers directly and only to the prime minister. Its annual budget is estimated to be around ₪10 billion (US$2.73 billion), and it is estimated that it employs around 7,000 people, making it one of the world's largest espionage agencies. The organization has orchestrated many assassination plots across a variety of locations.
Polar action
In mathematics, a polar action is a proper and isometric action of a Lie group G on a complete Riemannian manifold M for which there exists a complete submanifold Σ that meets all the orbits and meets them always orthogonally; such a submanifold is called a section. A section is necessarily totally geodesic. If the sections of a polar action are flat with respect to the induced metric, then the action is called hyperpolar.

In the case of linear orthogonal actions on Euclidean spaces, polar actions are called polar representations. The isotropy representations of Riemannian symmetric spaces are basic examples of polar representations. Conversely, Dadok has classified polar representations of compact Lie groups on Euclidean spaces, and it follows from his classification that such a representation has the same orbits as the isotropy representation of a symmetric space.

Glossary of Riemannian and metric geometry
This is a glossary of some terms used in Riemannian geometry and metric geometry — it doesn't cover the terminology of differential topology.

The following articles may also be useful; they either contain specialised vocabulary or provide more detailed expositions of the definitions given below.

Connection

Curvature

Metric space

Riemannian manifold

See also:

Glossary of general topology

Glossary of differential geometry and topology

List of differential geometry topics

Unless stated otherwise, letters X, Y, Z below denote metric spaces, M, N denote Riemannian manifolds, |xy| or  denotes the distance between points x and y in X. Italic word denotes a self-reference to this glossary.

A caveat: many terms in Riemannian and metric geometry, such as convex function, convex set and others, do not have exactly the same meaning as in general mathematical usage.
Croxley Common Moor
Croxley Common Moor is a 39.5-hectare (98-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) and Local Nature Reserve in Croxley Green, Hertfordshire. It is owned by Three Rivers District Council and managed by the council together with the Countryside Management Service and the Friends of Croxley Common Moor. Most of it is a registered common.

The site is mainly grass heathland with some ancient woodland and hazel coppice. It has been designated an SSSI for its botanical interest, and over 250 species of plants have been recorded. Principal species include sheep sorrel, common bent and sheep's fescue. There is also abundant sweet vernal grass and harebell. There are many ant hills made by yellow meadow ants.

The moor can be accessed from the Ebury Way, a foot/cycle route which borders it to the south, and by a footbridge across the River Gade, which borders it to the north, from Mill Lane, close to Croxley tube station.

Three Rivers District
Three Rivers is a local government district in south-west Hertfordshire, England. Its council is based in Rickmansworth. The district borders Hertsmere, Watford, St Albans, Dacorum, Buckinghamshire, and the London boroughs of Hillingdon and Harrow.
Halfway Run Natural Area
Halfway Run Natural Area is a 407-acre (165 ha) protected area in Centre County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of Bald Eagle State Forest, and is a short distance from R.B. Winter State Park.

R. B. Winter State Park
R. B. Winter State Park (also known as Raymond B. Winter State Park) is a Pennsylvania state park on 695 acres (281 ha) in Hartley Township, Union County, Pennsylvania in the United States. It is in the ridge and valley region of Pennsylvania and is surrounded by Bald Eagle State Forest. R. B. Winter State Park is in a shallow basin that is surrounded by ridges. Halfway Lake is the central recreational focus of the park. The park is 18 miles (29 km) west of Lewisburg on Pennsylvania Route 192.

The park was originally called "Halfway Dam State Park", but was renamed "R.B. Winter State Park" on May 23, 1957, to honor state forester Raymond Burrows Winter, who was instrumental in establishing the park and had worked there and the surrounding state forest for 45 years.
1930 Fulham West by-election
The 1930 Fulham West by-election was held on 6 May 1930.  The by-election was held due to the resignation of the incumbent Labour MP, Ernest Spero citing ill health (although he was shortly to be declared bankrupt).  It was won by the Conservative candidate Cyril Cobb.

Fulham West
Fulham West was a borough constituency based in the London district of Fulham.  It was represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1918 to 1955.

At the 1918 general election the previous Fulham constituency was divided into two constituencies, Fulham East and Fulham West; the two halves were re-united for the 1955 general election. At the 1997 general election, the Fulham constituency was replaced by Hammersmith and Fulham.
1997 Clásico RCN
The 37th edition of the annual Clásico RCN was held from March 15 to March 24, 1997, in Colombia. The stage race had an UCI rate of 2.4. RCN stands for "Radio Cadena Nacional". There were a total number of 90 competitors from 12 teams, with 71 riders actually finishing the stage race.

Clásico RCN
The Clásico RCN (Spanish for RCN Classic) is an annual cycling road race that takes place over many stages through different regions of Colombia during October. It is organized by the Colombian Cycling Federation.

The event is sponsored by Radio Cadena Nacional, which is one of the oldest and largest radio networks in Colombia, and by a network of Colombian business in Medellín "Empresas Públicas de Medellín". The Clásico RCN and the Vuelta a Colombia are the most important stage races in Colombia.
Łozy, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship
Łozy [ˈwɔzɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Płoskinia, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) south of Płoskinia, 23 km (14 mi) south-east of Braniewo, and 58 km (36 mi) north-west of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, and in 1772–1945 it belonged to Prussia and Germany (East Prussia).

Płoskinia
Płoskinia [pwɔsˈkiɲa] is a village in Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, a part of northern Poland. It is the seat of the Gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Płoskinia. It lies approximately 15 km (9 mi) south-east of Braniewo and 66 km (41 mi) north-west of the regional capital Olsztyn and is located in Warmia.
Goddert
Goddert is an Ortsgemeinde (a community belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde) in the Westerwaldkreis in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Selters, a kind of collective municipality. Its seat is in the like-named town.

Selters, Rhineland-Palatinate
Selters (German pronunciation: [ˈzɛltɐs] ⓘ) is a town in the Westerwaldkreis in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Selters is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde of Selters, a kind of collective municipality.
Workmen's Village, Amarna
The Workmen's Village, located in the desert 1.2 kilometres (0.75 mi) east of the ancient city of Akhetaten (modern Amarna), was built during the reign of the Eighteenth Dynasty pharaoh Akhenaten. It housed the workers who constructed and decorated the tombs of the city's elite, making it comparable to the better studied Theban workers village of Deir el-Medina. Though an isolated part of Amarna, the Workmen's Village provides many well preserved artifacts and buildings allowing archaeologists to gather much information about how society functioned.

Thebes, Egypt
Thebes (Egyptian Arabic: طيبه), known to the ancient Egyptians as Waset, was an ancient Egyptian city located along the Nile about 800 kilometers (500 mi) south of the Mediterranean. Its ruins lie within the modern Egyptian city of Luxor. Thebes was the main city of the fourth Upper Egyptian nome (Sceptre nome) and was the capital of Egypt for long periods during the Middle Kingdom and New Kingdom eras.

The city was close to Nubia and the Eastern Desert, with its valuable mineral resources and trade routes. It was a religious center and the most venerated city during many periods of ancient Egyptian history.

The site of Thebes includes areas on both the eastern bank of the Nile, where the temples of Karnak and Luxor stand and where the city was situated; and the western bank, where a necropolis of large private and royal cemeteries and funerary complexes can be found. In 1979, the ruins of ancient Thebes were classified by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.
Joanna Van Gyseghem
Joanna Van Gyseghem (born 4 September 1941) is a British actress.

She was educated at Malvern Girls' College in Worcestershire and Trinity College Dublin where she studied for a BA degree in French and Italian, but was heavily involved in drama productions at the time. Her father, André van Gyseghem was an English actor and director of Belgian descent, and her mother, Jean Forbes-Robertson an actress. Her maternal grandparents were the actors Gertrude Elliott and Sir Johnston Forbes-Robertson and her great-aunt was American actress Maxine Elliott.

Maxine Elliott
Maxine Elliott (February 5, 1868 – March 5, 1940) also known as Little Jessie, Dettie or by her birth name Jessie Dermott, was an American actress and businesswoman. She managed her own theater and experimented with silent films in the 1910s. Immensely popular, she was rumored to have had intimate relationships with highly notable people such as King Edward VII and J.P. Morgan. During World War I, she was active on the cause of the Belgian relief.
Eliseo Moreno
Eliseo Hernandez Moreno (September 27, 1959 – March 4, 1987) was an American spree killer who killed six people in the Houston region of Texas on October 11, 1983. Moreno shot and killed his brother-in-law and his brother in-law's wife, a Texas Highway Patrol trooper, and three strangers before he was arrested. Moreno was found guilty of all six homicides and executed in 1987 for the murder of the police officer.

Capital punishment in Texas
Capital punishment is a legal penalty in the U.S. state of Texas, known as the capital punishment capital, for murder, and participation in a felony resulting in death if committed by an individual who is at least 18 years old.

In 1982, the state became the first jurisdiction in the world to carry out an execution by lethal injection, when it executed Charles Brooks Jr. It was the first execution in the state since 1964.

Texas, which is the second most populous state in the United States, has executed 597 people since the U.S. capital punishment resumption in 1976 (beginning in 1982 with the Brooks execution) to January 28, 2026 (the execution of Charles Victor Thompson)—more than a third of the national total. Even per capita, Texas has the nation's second-highest execution rate, behind only neighboring Oklahoma.