hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Buffett indicator
The Buffett indicator (or the Buffett metric, or the Market capitalization-to-GDP ratio) is a valuation multiple used to assess how expensive or cheap the aggregate stock market is at a given point in time.  It was proposed as a metric by investor Warren Buffett in 2001, who called it "probably the best single measure of where valuations stand at any given moment", and its modern form compares the capitalization of the US Wilshire 5000 index to US GDP.  It is widely followed by the financial media as a valuation measure for the US market in both its absolute, and de-trended forms.

The indicator set an all-time high during the so-called "everything bubble", crossing the 200% level in February 2021; a level that Buffett warned if crossed, was "playing with fire".

EV/EBITDA
Enterprise value/EBITDA (more commonly referred to by the acronym EV/EBITDA) is a popular valuation multiple used to determine the fair market value of a company. By contrast to the more widely available P/E ratio (price-earnings ratio) it includes debt as part of the value of the company in the numerator and excludes costs such as the need to replace depreciating plant, interest on debt, and taxes owed from the earnings or denominator. It is the most widely used valuation multiple based on  enterprise value and is often used as an alternative to the P/E ratio when valuing companies believed to be in a high-growth phase, and thus credits enterprises with higher startup costs, high debt relative to equity, and lower realised earnings.
Lihpao Outlet Mall
The Lihpao Outlet Mall (Chinese: 麗寶Outlet Mall) is an outlet shopping mall located in Houli District, Taichung, Taiwan. Lihpao Outlet Mall is a part of the Lihpao Land complex and covers an area of about 5 hectares with a floor area of 85,800 m2 (924,000 sq ft). It has introduced about 200 brands and established the only pet-friendly mall in Taiwan. The first phase was designed with the concept of Portofino, Italy. It was put into trial operation on December 24, 2016, and officially opened on January 15, 2017. The second phase of the shopping mall was designed based on the concept of the northern Italian summer resort Lake Como. The entire area has a central canal running through it, plus the lakeside and canal. There is a 3,300 m2 (36,000 sq ft) park at the entrance and between the first phase of the shopping mall. There is a sky bridge connection. The second phase of the mall started trial operation on December 25, 2019, and officially opened on January 18, 2020.

Lihpao Land
Lihpao Resort (Chinese: 麗寶樂園度假區; pinyin: Lì bǎo lèyuán dùjià qū) is a theme park located in Houli District, Taichung, Taiwan.

It currently has two roller coasters, including Gravity Max, the world's first coaster to feature a true 90-degree drop and the world's first tilt coaster. Besides Gravity Max, Lihpao Land has several themed areas with varied attractions, such as the Mine Express roller coaster, the Hook (a pirate ship ride), and the Wild Flume Adventure, a reversing log flume attraction.
Ricky Or
Ricky Or Yiu-lam (Chinese: 柯耀林; born 12 May 1971) is a Hong Kong politician and a former member of the Sai Kung District Council for Kwong Ming. He is the former chairman of the Concern Group for Tseung Kwan O People's Livelihood and a former member of the Democratic Party.

Kwong Ming (constituency)
Kwong Ming (Chinese: 廣明) is one of the 29 constituencies in the Sai Kung District.

The constituency returns one district councillor to the Sai Kung District Council, with an election every four years.

Kwong Ming constituency is loosely based on Haven of Hope Hospital, Kwong Ming Court and Po Ming Court in Tseung Kwan O with estimated population of 17,828.
Dmitri Soloviev
Dmitri Vladimirovich Soloviev (Russian: Дмитрий Владимирович Соловьёв, born July 18, 1989) is a Russian ice dancer. With partner Ekaterina Bobrova, he is the 2014 Olympic champion in the team event, the 2013 World bronze medalist, the 2013 European champion, the 2007 World Junior champion, and a six-time (2011–2014, 2016–2017) Russian national champion. They are also gold medalists at three Grand Prix events, the 2010 Cup of Russia, 2011 Cup of China, and the 2016 Rostelecom Cup.

Figure skating at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Team event
The figure skating team event was a combined competition of Olympic figure skating disciplines at the 2014 Winter Olympics, held at the Iceberg Skating Palace in Sochi, Russia.

The competition took place over three days between 6 and 9 February, with the short programs taking place on 6 and 8 February, and the free skating and free dances taking place on 8 and 9 February.

This was the first time the team event for figure skating was held during the Olympic Games.

The medals for the competition were presented by Alexander Zhukov, president of the Olympic Committee of the Russian Federation; Dick Pound, Canada; and Ottavio Cinquanta, Italy; IOC Members, and the medalists' bouquets were presented by David Dore, Canada; Marie Lundmark, Finland; Junko Hiramatsu, Japan; International Skating Union.
Cristóbal Rojas Sandoval
Cristóbal Rojas Sandoval (26 June 1502 – 22 September 1580) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of Seville (1571–1580),
Bishop of Córdoba (1562–1571),
Bishop of Badajoz (1556–1562),
and Bishop of Oviedo (1546–1556).

Archdiocese of Oviedo
The Archdiocese of Oviedo (Latin: Oveten(sis); Asturleonese: Archidiócesis d'Uviéu) is a Latin Church Archdiocese of the Catholic Church in Spain. The archdiocese encompasses roughly the current autonomous community of Asturias or Principality of Asturias. Erected in the 9th century, the diocese was elevated to an archdiocese in 1954. The diocesan see is in the city of Oviedo, where the Catedral de San Salvador is located.

As of 2023, the archdiocese has a total of 945,818 baptized Catholics, out of a total population of 1,006,193. The number of parishes in the same year was 932, with 337 priests (66 of them belonging to the regular clergy, and the remainder to the secular clergy). There were also 493 nuns and 110 monks.
Anaura Bay
Anaura Bay  is a bay and community in the Gisborne District of New Zealand's North Island. It is located just south of Tokomaru Bay and north of Tolaga Bay.

British explorer James Cook landed at the southern end of the bay on 21 October 1769, where he met local Māori. A village and motor camp are now located at this site.

The nearby Hinetamatea Marae is a tribal meeting place for Te Aitanga-ā-Hauiti and the Ngāti Porou hapū of Ngāti Hau, Ngāti Ira, Ngāti Wakarara and Ngāti Patu Whare. It includes a meeting house of the same name.

A scenic reserve is located at the northern end of the bay. It includes a walkway and campsite. It has been named as one of the best beaches in New Zealand.

Tolaga Bay
Tolaga Bay (Māori: Ūawa) is both a bay and small town on the East Coast of New Zealand's North Island located 45 kilometres northeast of Gisborne and 30 kilometres south of Tokomaru Bay.

The region around the bay is rugged and remote, and for many years the only access to the town was by boat. Because the bay is shallow, a long wharf – the second longest in New Zealand (600m) after the Tiwai Point wharf at Bluff (1,500m) – was built in the 1920s to accommodate visiting vessels. The last cargo ship to use the wharf loaded a cargo of maize in 1967.

The town is a popular holiday spot. Its population is predominantly Māori, a centre of the Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti hapū and home of chief Te Kani-a-Takirau (died c. 1856) and tohunga Te Rangiuia (died 1850).
Brad Hardie
Bradley John Hardie (born 10 October 1962) is a former Australian rules footballer who represented Footscray, Brisbane Bears, and Collingwood in the Australian Football League (AFL) as well as South Fremantle in the West Australian Football League (WAFL). Stocky built with bright red hair, Hardie was a versatile, attacking footballer who could play either as a forward or a defender; he won the game's highest individual honour, the Brownlow Medal, playing in the back pocket, but also led the goalkicking at Brisbane and South Fremantle.

Brownlow Medal
The Charles Brownlow Trophy, better known as the Brownlow Medal (and informally as Charlie), is awarded to the best and fairest player in the Australian Football League (AFL) during the home-and-away season, as determined by votes cast by the four officiating field umpires after each game. It is the most prestigious award for individual players in the AFL.

The medal was first awarded by the Victorian Football League (VFL). It was created and named in honour of Charles Brownlow, a former Geelong Football Club footballer (1880–1891) and club secretary (1885–1923), and VFL president (1918–19), who had died in January 1924 after an extended illness.
The Descent (The Vampire Diaries)
"The Descent" is the 12th episode of the second season of The CW television series, The Vampire Diaries and the 34th episode of the series overall. It originally aired on January 27, 2011. The episode was written by Elizabeth Craft and Sarah Fain and directed by Marcos Siega.

Elizabeth Craft and Sarah Fain
Elizabeth Craft and Sarah Fain are American television screenwriters and producers, mostly working together as partners. They have also written two young adult fiction novels together.

Craft and Fain are from Kansas City, Missouri, and wrote their first piece together when they were 15 years old for their high school newspaper. Both Craft and Fain attended The Pembroke Hill School. Craft graduated from Columbia College in 1993. She is married to producer Adam Fierro and is the sister of writer Gretchen Rubin. Fain graduated from Williams College in 1993.
Jim Naugle
James T. Naugle (born 1954) is an American real estate broker who served as mayor of Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Although a lifelong Democrat, Naugle frequently voted for and supported Republican candidates. Elected for the first time in 1991, Naugle was the longest-serving mayor in the history of Fort Lauderdale, serving for six consecutive terms.

During his tenure as a mayor, the revitalization of the beach area and Las Olas Boulevard occurred, Riverwalk was created, the Museum of Discovery and Science was opened as was the Broward Center for the Performing Arts and he takes credit for changing Fort Lauderdale tourist mix from Spring Break college students to families. He is well known for several controversies with gays, the American Civil Liberties Union, and the South Florida Sun-Sentinel.

Sun Sentinel
The Sun Sentinel (also known as the South Florida Sun Sentinel, known until 2008 as the Sun-Sentinel, and stylized on its masthead as SunSentinel) is the main daily newspaper of Fort Lauderdale, Florida, and Broward County, and covers Miami-Dade and Palm Beach counties, as well as statewide news. It is the 4th largest-circulation newspaper in Florida. Greg Mazanec has held the position of general manager since November 2023, Gretchen Day-Bryant has held the position of executive editor since December 2024.

The newspaper was for many years branded as the Sun-Sentinel, with a hyphen, until a redesign and rebranding on August 17, 2008. The new look also removed the space between "Sun" and "Sentinel" in the newspaper's flag, but its name retained the space.

The Sun Sentinel is owned by the parent company, Tribune Publishing. This company was acquired by Alden Global Capital, which operates its media properties through Digital First Media, in May 2021.
A. G. Godley
A. G. Godley (17 October 1903 – February 1973) was an American jazz drummer. His contemporaries considered Godley one of the finest big-band drummers in the Southwest.

In 1924, Godley joined the Alphonse Trent Orchestra, the leading band in Dallas at that time, with Terrence Holder on trumpet, and Snub Mosley on trombone. Budd Johnson, referring to Trent's band, later said: "They were gods back in the twenties, just like Basie was later, only many years ahead of him. ... They made $150 a week a man. Imagine! They worked nothing but the biggest and finest hotels in the South". He stayed with Trent's band until 1933, although he left briefly in 1929 to play with Walter Page in 1929 and again, in 1931, to play with Fate Marable. It was while he was with Trent’s band that he was given the nickname Ananias Garibaldi.

He went on to join Snub Mosley’s band (1939–41), and later made a number of recordings in small groups led by Hot Lips Page, Joe Turner, and Pete Johnson.

Budd Johnson
Albert J. "Budd" Johnson III (December 14, 1910 – October 20, 1984) was an American jazz saxophonist and clarinetist who worked extensively with, among others, Ben Webster, Benny Goodman, Big Joe Turner, Coleman Hawkins, Dizzy Gillespie, Duke Ellington, Quincy Jones, Count Basie, Billie Holiday and, especially, Earl Hines.
Victor Brandt (musician)
Victor Brandt (born 18 December 1983) is a Swedish musician who is the touring bassist for Norwegian symphonic black metal band Dimmu Borgir, bassist for Witchery, bassist for Cemetery Skyline, and a guitarist for Firespawn. He previously played bass for the death metal and black metal bands Entombed, Entombed A.D., and Satyricon, among others.

Satyricon (band)
Satyricon is a Norwegian black metal band formed in Oslo in 1991. Satyr and Frost have been the band's core members since 1993, and its only official members since 1997. The band's first three albums typify the Norwegian black metal style. Since its fourth album in 1999, the band has strayed from this style and included elements of traditional heavy metal in their sound. Satyricon was the first Norwegian black metal band to join a multi-national record label (EMI).
Prix Iris for Best Cinematography in a Documentary
The Prix Iris for Best Cinematography in a Documentary (French: Prix Iris de la meilleure direction de la photographie d'un long métrage documentaire) is an annual film award, presented by Québec Cinéma as part of its Prix Iris awards program, to honour the year's best cinematography in documentary films made within the Cinema of Quebec.

The award was presented for the first time at the 19th Quebec Cinema Awards in 2017.

Étienne Roussy is the most nominated and awarded cinematographer in this category, having received four nominations and two awards.

With his win for Mother Saigon (Má Sài Gòn), Mathieu Laverdière became the first cinematographer to receive an award for Best Cinematography in a Documentary and Best Cinematography, having previously won for Underground (Souterrain).

Prix Iris for Best Cinematography
The Prix Iris for Best Cinematography (French: Prix Iris de la meilleure direction de la photographie) is an annual film award presented by Québec Cinéma as part of the Prix Iris awards program, to honour the year's best cinematography in the Cinema of Quebec.

Until 2016, it was known as the Jutra Award for Best Cinematography in memory of influential Quebec film director Claude Jutra. Following the withdrawal of Jutra's name from the award, the 2016 award was presented under the name Québec Cinéma. The Prix Iris name was announced in October 2016.

Cinematographer André Turpin received the most nominations and wins for this category, with thirteen nominations and seven awards. Cinematographer Pierre Mignot receive three consecutive awards in 2005, 2006 and 2007. Robert Morin received a nomination in 2009 for Daddy Goes Ptarmigan Hunting (Papa à la chasse aux lagopèdes), becoming the second cinematographer, after Turpin, to be nominated for a film he also directed.
Luton Shelton
Luton George Kieshawn Shelton (11 November 1985 – 22 January 2021) was a Jamaican professional footballer who played as a striker or winger. At the time of his death, he was the top scorer for the Jamaica national team with 35 goals. He is also the only men's football player to score four goals in his international debut (2004). He earned 75 caps for Jamaica, and played at three CONCACAF Gold Cups.

Shelton attended Wolmer's Schools and began his career in the youth system of Harbour View. In his international club career, he was part of championship sides in the 2006 Svenska Cupen and the 2008 Norwegian Cup. He also played in the United Kingdom, Denmark, Turkey, and Russia.

2008 Norwegian Football Cup
The 2008 Norwegian Football Cup was the 103rd season of Norwegian annual knockout football tournament. The competition started on 10 May 2008 with the first-round games and ended on 9 November 2008 with the final. The defending champions were Lillestrøm.

The format of the Cup has not changed for this season what means that, unlike other European cup competitions, all teams (including Tippeligaen ones) entered the Cup in the First Round. In the First and Second Round amateur teams (or at least lower-placed at the time of the draw) were seeded and played the matches at home ground. From the Third Round until the end the draw was random.

The winners, Vålerenga, qualified for the third qualifying round of the 2009–10 UEFA Europa League.
Yiqun Lisa Yin
Yiqun Lisa Yin (Chinese: 殷益群; pinyin: Yīn Yìqún) is a Chinese-American cryptographer and independent security consultant. Yin is known for breaking the SHA-1 cryptographic hash function, for developing the RC6 block cipher, and for her service as editor of the IEEE P1363 project for the standardization of public-key cryptography.

Block cipher
In cryptography, a block cipher is a deterministic algorithm that operates on fixed-length groups of bits, called blocks. Block ciphers are the elementary building blocks of many cryptographic protocols. They are ubiquitous in the storage and exchange of data, where such data is secured and authenticated via encryption.

A block cipher uses blocks as an unvarying transformation. Even a secure block cipher is suitable for the encryption of only a single block of data at a time, using a fixed key. A multitude of modes of operation have been designed to allow their repeated use in a secure way to achieve the other security goals of confidentiality and authenticity. However, block ciphers may also feature as building blocks in other cryptographic protocols, such as universal hash functions and pseudorandom number generators.
Clifford semigroup
A Clifford semigroup (sometimes also called "inverse Clifford semigroup") is a completely regular inverse semigroup.
It is an inverse semigroup with
. Examples of Clifford semigroups are groups and commutative inverse semigroups.

In a Clifford semigroup, .

Inverse semigroup
In group theory, an inverse semigroup (occasionally called an inversion semigroup) S is a semigroup in which every element x in S has a unique inverse y in S in the sense that x = xyx and y = yxy, i.e. a regular semigroup in which every element has a unique inverse. Inverse semigroups appear in a range of contexts; for example, they can be employed in the study of partial symmetries.

(The convention followed in this article will be that of writing a function on the right of its argument, e.g. x f rather than f(x), and 
composing functions from left to right—a convention often observed in semigroup theory.)
Great Boston Fire of 1760
The Great Boston Fire of 1760 was a major conflagration that occurred on March 20, 1760, in Boston in the Province of Massachusetts Bay. The fire destroyed 349 buildings in the area between the modern Washington Street and Fort Hill, as well as several ships in port, and it left more than a thousand people homeless.

Washington Street (Boston)
Washington Street is a street originating in downtown Boston, Massachusetts, which extends southwestward to the Massachusetts–Rhode Island state line. The majority of its length outside of the city was built as the Norfolk and Bristol Turnpike in the early 19th century. It is the longest street in Boston and remains one of the longest streets in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Due to various municipal annexations with the city of Boston, the name Washington Street now exists six or more times within the jurisdiction(s) of the City of Boston.

The street's great age in the city of Boston has given rise to a phenomenon whereby intersecting streets have different names on either side of Washington Street.
2009 UniCredit Czech Open
The 2009 UniCredit Czech Open was a tennis clay-court tournament included in the 2009 ATP Challenger Tour. Agustín Calleri was the defending singles champion, but could not get past the first round. Jan Hájek, world no. 288, came from the qualifying round and took the title in front of his home crowd by beating the top-100 player Steve Darcis in the final. Johan Brunström and Jean-Julien Rojer won the doubles event.

Johan Brunström
Johan Brunström (born 3 April 1980) is a professional Swedish tennis player. His highest ATP doubles ranking is no. 31, which he reached on 22 March 2010. His career high in singles is no. 377, which he reached on 24 September 2007.  He made his Davis Cup debut against Serbia in February 2012, with a win in doubles with partner Robert Lindstedt.

In June 2012, he reached the second round of Wimbledon men's doubles partnering Philipp Marx. They lost to David Marrero and Andreas Seppi.  At the 2012 Summer Olympics, he reached the second round of the men's doubles with Lindstedt.
Operation Margarethe II
During World War II, Operation Margarethe II was the name for a planned invasion of Romania by German forces in conjunction with those of Hungary and Bulgaria if the Romanian government decided to surrender to the Allies and switch sides. Although initially abandoned within a few weeks at the start of 1944, after King Michael's coup on 23 August 1944 and Antonescu's arrest, Hitler ordered the operation to commence. Led by Luftwaffe General Alfred Gerstenberg, then by General Reiner Stahel, the operation ultimately failed to occupy Bucharest and overthrow Michael and the new government.

Reiner Stahel
Rainer Joseph Karl August Stahel (sometimes wrongly written as Reiner; 15 January 1892 – 30 November 1955) was a German military officer and war criminal. He is best known for his retreat from Vilna and the command of the garrison of Warsaw during the Warsaw Uprising of 1944. Arrested by the NKVD in Romania, he spent the rest of his life in Soviet captivity.
Jake Cook
Jake Cook (20 June 1993 – 14 November 2023) was a British racing driver who competed in the Protyre Formula Renault Championship for Hillspeed. He was the nephew of former British Touring Car Championship driver Paula Cook. He won the MSA Young Driver of the Year award for 2010, the first recipient of the award.

Motorsport UK
Motorsport UK (MSUK), formerly known as the Motor Sports Association (MSA), is a national membership organisation and governing body for four-wheel motorsport in the United Kingdom. Legally, it is a not-for-profit private company limited by guarantee.
Harry Ebding
Harry Joseph "Irish" Ebding (September 12, 1906 – September 11, 1980) was an American professional football player who was an end for seven seasons in the National Football League (NFL). A collegiate All-American for Saint Mary's College in California, Ebding played in the NFL for the Portsmouth Spartans (1931–1933) and their successor organization, the Detroit Lions (1934–1937).

In 1932, Ebding finished third in the NFL in total yards receiving, with 171. He was named All-Pro in 1933.

End (gridiron football)
In gridiron football, an end is a player who lines up at either end of the line of scrimmage, usually beside the tackles.  Rules state that a legal offensive formation must always consist of seven players on the line of scrimmage and that the player on each end of the line is an eligible receiver who can catch forward passes.  There are two types on offense: the split end, or wide out, and the tight end. On defense, the position name survives in the name of the defensive end; in function, this position no longer corresponds to its offensive counterparts, which are defended more commonly by the edge rusher (which is sometimes a defensive end depending on formation) against the tight end and the cornerback against the split end.

It is also used in terminology such as an end run.