hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Politics of British Columbia
The politics of British Columbia involve not only the governance of British Columbia, Canada, and the various political factions that have held or vied for legislative power, but also a number of experiments or attempts at political and electoral reform.

A constitutional monarchy, the Crown is the corporation sole, assuming distinct roles: the executive, as the Crown-in-Council; the legislature, as the Crown-in-Parliament; and the courts, as the Crown-on-the-Bench. Three institutions—the Executive Council (Cabinet); the Legislative Assembly; and the judiciary, respectively—exercise the powers of the Crown.

Co-operative Commonwealth Federation
The Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF; French: Fédération du Commonwealth Coopératif, FCC) was a federal democratic socialist and social-democratic political party in Canada. The CCF was founded in 1932 in Calgary, Alberta, by a number of socialist, agrarian, co-operative, and labour groups, and the League for Social Reconstruction. In 1944, the CCF formed one of the first social-democratic governments in North America when it was elected to form the provincial government in Saskatchewan.

The full, but little used, name of the party was Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (Farmer-Labour-Socialist).

In 1961, the CCF was succeeded by the New Democratic Party (NDP).
Minneapolis-Moline
Minneapolis-Moline was a large tractor and farm and industrial machinery producer based in Minneapolis and Hopkins, Minnesota, Minnesota known for its Minneapolis-Moline tractor line. It was the product of a merger of three companies in 1929: Minneapolis Steel & Machinery (MSM) which was noted for its Twin City tractors, Minneapolis Threshing Machine Company (MTM) which also produced Minneapolis tractors,  and the Moline Implement Company formerly known as the Moline Plow Company. It had manufacturing facilities on Lake Street at Hiawatha Avenue in Minneapolis, in Hopkins and in Moline, Illinois. Originally known as the Minneapolis-Moline Power Implement Company, and later shortened Minneapolis-Moline Company. Motec Industries was a short lived corporate name change from ca. 1960 until the company's acquisition by White Motor Corporation in 1963.

Twin City tractors
Twin City tractors were built by the Minneapolis Steel & Machinery Company until 1929 when it merged with the Moline Implement Company of Illinois and the Minneapolis Threshing Machine Company of Hopkins, Minnesota.

Twin City tractors were dark gray in color, and had a logo much like the "TC" that the Minnesota Twins baseball club uses. The following is a list of all the models of Twin City tractors made by the Minneapolis Steel & Machinery Company and the specifications for each model according to the Nebraska test reports.
2024 Myrtle Beach Bowl
The 2024 Myrtle Beach Bowl was a college football bowl game  played on December 23, 2024, at Brooks Stadium located in Conway, South Carolina. The fifth annual Myrtle Beach Bowl featured Coastal Carolina and UTSA. The game began at approximately 11:00 a.m. EST and aired on ESPN. The Myrtle Beach Bowl was one of the 2024–25 bowl games concluding the 2024 FBS football season.

Despite the game being held at their home stadium, Coastal Carolina University leaders told fans the game was considered a neutral site due to the official host of the game being Visit Myrtle Beach.

2024–25 NCAA football bowl games
The 2024–25 NCAA football bowl games were a series of college football bowl games in the United States, primarily played to complete the 2024 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Team-competitive bowl games in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) began on December 14, 2024, and concluded with the 2025 College Football Playoff National Championship on January 20, 2025. Several all-star games then followed.
1995 Philips Open
The 1995 Philips Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Nice Lawn Tennis Club in Nice, France, and was part of the ATP World Series of the 1995 ATP Tour. It was the 23rd edition of the tournament and took place from 17 April until 24 April 1995. Fifth-seeded Marc Rosset won the singles title.

1995 ATP Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Tour is the elite tour for professional tennis organized by the ATP. The ATP Tour includes the Grand Slam tournaments (organized by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the ATP Championship Series, Single-Week, the ATP Championship Series, the ATP World Series, the ATP World Team Cup, the Davis Cup (organized by the ITF), the ATP Tour World Championships and the Grand Slam Cup (organized by the ITF).
Clow, Arkansas
Clow is an unincorporated community in Hempstead County, Arkansas, United States. It lies approximately 1+1⁄3 miles (2.1 km) from the boundary between Hempstead and Howard counties. Clow is home to the Clow Schools Alumni Association. The main road that goes through this community is Hempstead County Road #37.

Clow is part of the Hope Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Hope, Arkansas
Hope is a city in Hempstead County in southwestern Arkansas, United States. Hope is the county seat of Hempstead County and the principal city of the Hope Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Hempstead and Nevada counties. As of the 2010 census the population was 10,095, and for the 2020 census, the population was 8,952.

Hope is the birthplace of three Arkansas governors: Bill Clinton (also President of the United States from 1993 to 2001), Mike Huckabee (who ran for the Republican presidential nomination in 2008 and 2016), and Sarah Huckabee Sanders (the incumbent governor and daughter of Mike Huckabee).
The Slutty Pumpkin Returns
"The Slutty Pumpkin Returns" is the eighth episode of the seventh season of the CBS sitcom How I Met Your Mother, and the 144th episode overall. It originally aired on October 31, 2011. It is a follow-up episode that references the events of the sixth episode of the first season titled "The Slutty Pumpkin" which aired on October 24, 2005.

Ted Mosby
Theodore Evelyn Mosby is a fictional character and the protagonist in the American sitcom How I Met Your Mother, portrayed by Josh Radnor. He serves as the show's narrator from the future, voiced by Bob Saget, as he tells his children the "long version" of how he met their mother.
UGC 6093
UGC 6093 is a barred spiral galaxy located approximately 500 million light years (or about 153 megaparsecs)  away from Earth in the constellation of Leo.

This galaxy is known to host an active galactic nucleus, which is caused by the accretion of matter by a supermassive black hole located at its center, thus causing it to emit huge amounts of radiation and making UGC 6093's core shine excessively.  This galaxy is also a megamaser, which means that it acts as a giant astronomical laser generating microwaves rather than visible light. Just like UGC 12158 and NGC 6744, it is considered a Milky Way twin in appearance, with a similar central bar and spiral arm structure.

Leo (constellation)
Leo /ˈliːoʊ/ is one of the constellations of the zodiac, between Cancer, the Crab, to the west and Virgo, the Maiden, to the east. It is located in the Northern celestial hemisphere. Its name is Latin for lion, and to the ancient Greeks represented the Nemean Lion killed by the mythical Greek hero Heracles as one of his twelve labors. Its old astronomical symbol is  (♌︎). One of the 48 constellations described by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, Leo remains one of the 88 modern constellations today, and one of the most easily recognizable due to its many bright stars and a distinctive shape that is reminiscent of the crouching lion it depicts.
USS McCoy Reynolds
USS McCoy Reynolds (DE-440) was a John C. Butler-class destroyer escort acquired by the U.S. Navy during World War II. The primary purpose of the destroyer escort was to escort and protect ships in convoy, in addition to other tasks as assigned, such as patrol or radar picket. Post-war, after operating in the Pacific Ocean battle areas, her crew members returned home with four battle stars to their credit for World War II and one for the Korean War.

The ship was named in honor of Marine Private McCoy Reynolds (1916–1942), who was killed in action on Guadalcanal on 25 November 1942, after exposing himself to destroy a Japanese machine gun nest in the defense of Henderson Field, for which he was posthumously awarded the Silver Star.

Task force
A task force (TF) is a unit or formation  established to work on a single defined task or activity. Originally introduced by the United States Navy, the term has now caught on for general usage and is a standard part of NATO terminology.  Many non-military organizations now create "task forces" or task groups for temporary activities that might have once been performed by ad hoc (designated purpose) committees. In non-military contexts, working groups are sometimes called task forces.
West Samboja
West Samboja (Indonesian: Samboja Barat, Indonesian pronunciation: [samˌbodʒa ˈbarat̪̚]) is a district in Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. As of 2023, it was inhabited by 31,513 people, and currently has a total area of 415.92 km2. Its district seat is located at the village of Tani Bakti.

West Samboja was created from western parts of Samboja on 19 October 2020, and it is the youngest district in the regency along with Kota Bangun Darat. It borders Loa Janan and Muara Jawa to the north; Samboja to the east; West Balikpapan, Central Balikpapan, and East Balikpapan (Balikpapan) to the south; and Sepaku (Penajam North Paser) to the northwest.

Muara Jawa
Muara Jawa is a district in Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. As of 2023, it was inhabited by 44,070 people, and currently has the total area of 619.16 km2. Its district seat is located at the village of Muara Jawa Ulu.

The district borders Sanga-Sanga to the north, Loa Janan to the east, and Samboja to the south. From 24 April 1969 until 21 October 1987, along with Sanga-Sanga and Samboja, Muara Jawa belonged to Samarinda, until these districts were returned to Kutai that date.
Adat People's Movement
The Adat People's Movement (Russian: Народное движение «Адат», romanized: Narodnoye dvizheniye «Adat»; Chechen: «Ӏадат» халкъан болам, romanized: «Jadat» xalq̇an bolam) is a clandestine Chechen opposition movement founded in 2020 and led by Ibragim Yangulbaev.

The movement gained fame thanks to the Telegram channel, the authors of which criticize the head of the Chechen Republic, Ramzan Kadyrov. Adat claims to be in favour of "an end to the genocide of the Chechen people, the unification of the Chechen people and the de-occupation of Chechnya."

The materials of their Telegram channel were termed by the Russian court as extremist and the entire movement is designated as an extremist entity in Russia.

Head of the Chechen Republic
The head of the Chechen Republic or head of Chechnya (Chechen: Мехкада Нохчийн Республика, romanized: Mehkada Nohçiyn Respublika; Russian: Глава Чеченской Республики, romanized: Glava Chechenskoy Respubliki ; formerly president of the Chechen Republic or president of Chechnya until 5 March 2011) is the highest office within the political system of the Chechen Republic, as head of state and head of government of Chechnya. The office was instituted in 2003 during the course of the Second Chechen War, when the Russian federal government regained control over the region and after a constitutional referendum approved the current Constitution of the Chechen Republic.
Isobornyl cyclohexanol
Isobornyl cyclohexanol (IBCH, Sandenol) is an organic compound used primarily as a fragrance because of its aroma which is similar to sandalwood oil.  Its chemical structure is closely related to that of both α-santalol and β-santalol, which are the primary constituents of sandalwood oil.

Sandalwood trees are endangered due to overharvesting, leading to a high cost for the natural oil.  IBCH is therefore produced as an economical alternative to the natural product.

Β-Santalol
β-Santalol is an organic compound that is classified as a sesquiterpene. It comprises about 20% of the oil of sandalwood, the major component being α-santalol. In 2002, about 60 tons of sandalwood oil were produced by steam distillation of the heartwood of Santalum album. It is used in perfumery as a fixative, modifier and dominant (central accord).

Because of concerns about the sustainability of sandalwood tree cultivation, scientists have developed routes to α-santalol and β-santalol via fermentation, including using Rhodobacter sphaeroides. BASF launched its version under their Isobionics brand in July 2020.
Ai Miyazato
Ai Miyazato (宮里 藍, Miyazato Ai; born 19 June 1985) is a former Japanese professional golfer who competed on the U.S.-based LPGA Tour and the LPGA of Japan Tour (JLPGA). She was the top-ranked golfer in the Women's World Golf Rankings on three occasions in 2010.

Women's World Cup of Golf
The Women's World Cup of Golf was a professional golf tournament contested by teams of two female golfers representing their respective countries.

The tournament was played in several incarnations, first in 1992 as the Sunrise Cup World Team Championship held in Taiwan, and in 2000 at Adare Manor in Ireland sanctioned only by the Ladies European Tour.

It was later played annually between 2005 and 2008 at Gary Player Country Club  in South Africa, and sanctioned also by the LPGA Tour, money unofficial on both tours. The purse in the final year was US$1.4 million. The field consisted of twenty-two teams and each qualifying country could field one team. It was held in January or February, at the beginning of the season for the world's dominant professional tours.

In 2014, the International Crown succeeded the event, a women's team golf tournament featuring national teams of four players.
Nishikigawa Seiryū Line
The Nishikigawa Seiryū Line (錦川清流線, Nishikigawa Seiryū-sen; "Nishiki River Clear Stream Line") is a Japanese railway line connecting Kawanishi and Nishikichō stations, all within Iwakuni, Yamaguchi. As the name suggests, the line parallels the Nishiki River. This is the only railway line operated by Nishikigawa Railway (錦川鉄道, Nishikigawa Tetsudō), a third-sector railway company which took over a former West Japan Railway Company (JR West) line in 1987. The line was proposed to be extended to Nichihara via JR's Yamaguchi Line, but this was not completed (see History section below). The company also operates bus lines and a travel agency.

Third-sector railway
In Japan, third-sector railways (第三セクター鉄道, dai-san sekutā tetsudō), sometimes translated as semi-public sector railways, are railways operated by a joint corporation that has been invested in by both the public and private sectors, which maintain a public–private partnership. These lines are most often operated by small companies owned by both a prefectural or municipal government and smaller private interests, who both invest in and manage the line. Third-sector lines are generally former lines of the JR Group – or, before 1987, Japanese National Railways (JNR) – that have been divested from the companies.

Examples of lines that were proposed for abolishment or transfer to third-sector companies throughout the 20th century include the Deficit 83 Lines and specified local lines.
Chimera Linux
Chimera Linux is an independent (i.e. has no upstream), general-purpose, rolling-release Linux distribution built from scratch.

It distinguishes itself from traditional Linux systems through a coherent system design approach based on careful component selection, prioritizing correctness of implementation and reduced complexity over the incremental evolution of existing GNU/Linux conventions. It aims also for reproducible system configuration.

Rolling release
Rolling release, also known as rolling update or continuous delivery, is a concept in software development of frequently delivering updates to applications. This is in contrast to a standard or point release development model which uses software versions which replace the previous version.

A rolling release model is different from a staged or "staggered" rollout, in which an update is gradually made available to an increasing percentage of users for testing or bandwidth reasons.

An example of a rolling release would be Arch Linux, where new packages and updates roll in constantly, and significant changes to the distribution may occur at any time by the developers. This is in contrast to Ubuntu Linux, which has biannual releases, with the only major changes after a release being security updates or significant bug fixes.
Prehistoric North Africa
The prehistory of North Africa spans the period of earliest human presence in the region to gradual onset of  historicity in the Maghreb during classical antiquity. Early anatomically modern humans are known to have been present at Jebel Irhoud, in what is now Morocco, approximately 300,000 years ago. The Nile Valley region, via ancient Egypt, contributed to the Neolithic, Bronze Age and Iron Age periods of the Old World, along with the ancient Near East.

Petroglyph
A petroglyph is an image created by removing part of a rock surface by incising, picking, carving, or abrading, as a form of rock art. The term generally refers to rock engravings of ancient origin, often associated with prehistoric peoples. The oldest petroglyphs in the world are deemed to be those at Murujuga in Western Australia, which are 40,000–50,000 years old. Some petroglyphs are classified as protected monuments and some have been added to the list of UNESCO's World Heritage Sites, or such status has been applied for.
Richard Perdue
Christianity portal

Richard Gordon Perdue (13 February 1910 – 8 August 1998) was an Anglican bishop.

Perdue was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, and ordained in 1934. After curacies at Drumcondra and Rathmines he was the incumbent at Castledermot and then Archdeacon of Killaloe and Kilfenora. He was ordained to the episcopate as the Bishop of Killaloe, Kilfenora, Clonfert and Kilmacduagh in 1953 and translated to be the Bishop of Cork, Cloyne and Ross in 1957. He retired in 1978.

Bishop of Killaloe and Clonfert
Christianity portal

The Bishop of Killaloe and Clonfert (Full title: Bishop of Killaloe and Kilfenora with Clonfert and Kilmacduagh) was the Ordinary of the Church of Ireland diocese of Killaloe and Clonfert; comprising all of County Clare and part of counties of Tipperary, Galway and Roscommon, Ireland.
Stephen Budiansky
Stephen Budiansky (/bʌdiˈænski/; born March 3, 1957) is an American writer, historian and biographer, best known for his books on animal behaviour and his criticism of animal rights. He is also the author of a number of scholarly publications about the history of cryptography, military and intelligence history, and music.

Animal cognition
Animal cognition encompasses the mental capacities of non-human animals, including insect cognition. The study of animal conditioning and learning used in this field was developed from comparative psychology. It has also been strongly influenced by research in ethology, behavioral ecology, and evolutionary psychology;  the alternative name cognitive ethology is sometimes used. Many behaviors associated with the term animal intelligence are also subsumed within animal cognition.

Researchers have examined animal cognition in mammals (especially primates, cetaceans, elephants, bears, dogs, cats, pigs, horses, cattle, raccoons and rodents), birds (including parrots, fowl, corvids and pigeons), reptiles (lizards, crocodilians, snakes, and turtles), fish and invertebrates (including cephalopods, spiders and insects).
Thyrsosalacia
Thyrsosalacia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Celastraceae. Its native range is Cameroon and Gabon.

Species:

Thyrsosalacia nematobrachion Loes.

Thyrsosalacia pararacemosa N.Hallé

Thyrsosalacia racemosa (Loes. ex Harms) N.Hallé

Thyrsosalacia viciifolia N.Hallé

Celastraceae
The Celastraceae, also known as the staff-vine or bittersweet family, are a family of 98 genera and 1,350 species of herbs, vines, shrubs and small trees, belonging to the order Celastrales. The great majority of the genera are tropical, with only Celastrus (the staff vines), Euonymus (the spindles) and Maytenus widespread in temperate climates, and Parnassia (bog-stars) found in alpine and arctic climates.

Of the 98 currently recognized genera of the family Celastraceae, 19 are native to Madagascar and these include at least 57 currently recognized species. Six of these 19 genera (Brexiella, Evonymopsis, Hartogiopsis, Polycardia, Ptelidium, and Salvadoropsis) are endemic to Madagascar.
Odder
Odder is a town in Jutland, Denmark. The town is the seat of Odder municipality, and is the biggest town in the municipality. It is located 20 km south of Aarhus and 16 km south-east of Skanderborg.

Odder is part of Business Region Aarhus, and the East Jutland metropolitan area, and is served by the Odder Line since 1884 before the line was rebuilt to be part of the Aarhus Letbane in 2016-2018.

Odder Municipality
Odder Municipality (Danish: Odder Kommune) is a municipality (Danish: kommune) in the Central Denmark Region on the east coast of the Jutland peninsula in Central Denmark south of Aarhus. It is a part of the greater Aarhus area. The municipality covers an area of 225.04 km2, including the islands of Alrø and Tunø. It borders Aarhus Municipality to the north, Skanderborg Municipality to the north-west and Horsens Municipality to the west. It also connects to Hedensted Municipality across Horsens Fjord to the south, and connects to Samsø Municipality through a ferry route.

Odder Municipality was not merged with any adjacent municipality under the municipal reform of 2007.

The municipality includes the inhabited islands of Alrø and Tunø, as well as the uninhabited islands of Pollerne, Søby Rev and Hov Røn.
2006 New York gubernatorial election
The 2006 New York gubernatorial election took place on November 7, 2006, to elect the governor and lieutenant governor of New York. Then-incumbent Republican governor George Pataki chose not to run for re-election in a fourth term. Democrat Eliot Spitzer, the New York Attorney General, won the election over former Republican state Assembly minority leader John Faso. Primary elections were held on September 12.

Spitzer was slated to serve between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2010, but he announced his resignation on March 12, 2008 (effective March 17, 2008), amid news of his involvement in a prostitution scandal.  Spitzer was succeeded on March 17 by Lieutenant Governor David Paterson.

Dutchess County, New York
Dutchess County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 295,911. The county seat is the city of Poughkeepsie. The county was created in 1683, one of New York's first twelve counties, and later organized in 1713. Dutchess County is part of the Kiryas Joel–Poughkeepsie–Newburgh metropolitan area, which belongs to the larger New York–Newark–Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA Combined Statistical Area. The county is part of the Hudson Valley region of the state.
1979 Big Sky Conference men's basketball tournament
The 1979 Big Sky Conference men's basketball tournament was the fourth edition of the tournament, held March 2–3 at the Dee Events Center at Weber State College in Ogden, Utah.

Top-seeded Weber State defeated Northern Arizona in the championship game, 92–70, to clinch their second of three consecutive titles in the tournament. The Wildcats were in the first five finals, dropping the first two and winning the next three.

Big Sky Conference men's basketball tournament
The Big Sky Conference men's basketball tournament is the conference championship tournament in men's basketball for the Big Sky Conference. The event has been held annually since 1976, the conference's thirteenth year.

The tournament winner earns a berth in the NCAA Division I tournament.