hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
K-mer
In bioinformatics, k-mers are substrings of length  contained within a biological sequence. Primarily used within the context of computational genomics and sequence analysis, in which k-mers are composed of nucleotides (i.e. A, T, G, and C), k-mers are capitalized upon to assemble DNA sequences, improve heterologous gene expression, identify species in metagenomic samples, and create attenuated vaccines. Usually, the term k-mer refers to all of a sequence's subsequences of length , such that the sequence AGAT would have four monomers (A, G, A, and T), three 2-mers (AG, GA, AT), two 3-mers (AGA and GAT) and one 4-mer (AGAT). More generally, a sequence of length  will have  k-mers and there exist  total possible k-mers, where  is number of possible monomers (e.g. four in the case of DNA).

CpG site
The CpG sites or CG sites are regions of DNA where a cytosine nucleotide is followed by a guanine nucleotide in the linear sequence of bases along its 5' → 3' direction. CpG sites occur with high frequency in genomic regions called CpG islands. CpGs are the common unit of methylation because their information is double stranded (the GpC complement is also methylated). This allows methylation information to be preserved during cell division.

Cytosines in CpG dinucleotides can be methylated to form 5-methylcytosines. Enzymes that add a methyl group are called DNA methyltransferases. In mammals, 70% to 80% of CpG cytosines are methylated. Methylating the cytosine within a gene can change its expression, a mechanism that is part of a larger field of science studying gene regulation that is called epigenetics. Methylated cytosines often mutate to thymines.

In humans, about 70% of promoters located near the transcription start site of a gene (proximal promoters) contain a CpG island.
Liu Caichun
Liu Caichun (simplified Chinese: 刘采春; traditional Chinese: 劉采春; pinyin: Liú Cǎichūn) was a courtesan, actress, and poet in the Tang Dynasty. Along with Xue Tao, Yu Xuanji and Li Ye she became known as one of the most famous female poets of the Tang Dynasty. Together they are referred to as "the four great female poets of the Tang Dynasty".

Yu Xuanji
Yu Xuanji (simplified Chinese: 鱼玄机; traditional Chinese: 魚玄機; pinyin: Yú Xuánjī; Wade–Giles: Yü Hsüan-chi, c. 840 – c. 868), courtesy names Youwei (Chinese: 幼薇; pinyin: Yòuwēi) and Huilan (simplified Chinese: 蕙兰; traditional Chinese: 蕙蘭; pinyin: Huìlán), was a Chinese female poet, courtesan, and Daoist nun during the late Tang dynasty who was born in Chang'an. Along with Xue Tao, she was one of the foremost poets of the Tang dynasty.
Lisa Carlton
Lisa Carlton is a Republican politician from Florida who served in the Florida Senate from 1998 to 2008 representing parts of Southwest Florida around Sarasota. She served as the President Pro Tempore of the Florida Senate from 2006 to 2008. Carlton previously served two terms in the Florida House of Representatives, representing parts of Sarasota County from 1994 to 1998. Carlton currently serves as a guest lecturer at the Lou Frey Institute of Politics and Government at the University of Central Florida in Orlando, Florida.

She was appointed by Governor Rick Scott to serve on the 2017-2018 Florida Constitution Revisions Commission. Her great uncle is Doyle E. Carlton who served as Governor of Florida from 1929 to 1933.

Florida Senate
The Florida Senate is the upper house of the Florida Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Florida, the Florida House of Representatives being the lower house. Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution of Florida, adopted in 1968, defines the role of the Legislature and how it is to be constituted. The Senate is composed of 40 members, each elected from a single-member district with a population of approximately 540,000 residents. The Senate Chamber is located in the State Capitol building.

The Republicans hold a supermajority in the chamber with 27 seats; Democrats are in the minority with 11 seats. One seat is held by an independent, and one seat is vacant.
1916 Stanley Cup Final
The 1916 Stanley Cup Final was played between the National Hockey Association (NHA) champion Montreal Canadiens and the Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHA) champion Portland Rosebuds. This was the first time that a best-of-five Cup championship went the distance. Also, the Rosebuds were the first team based in the United States to play for the Cup.  Stanley Cup trustees ruled before the Stanley Cup Finals that the Stanley Cup as the World professional hockey championship can not be limited to just Canadian teams. The Canadiens defeated the Rosebuds three games to two in the best-of-five-game series. This was the Canadiens' first Stanley Cup championship.

1915–16 PCHA season
The 1915–16 PCHA season was the fifth season of the professional men's ice hockey Pacific Coast Hockey Association league. Season play ran from December 7, 1915, until February 25, 1916. Each team would play 18 games. The Portland Rosebuds club would be PCHA champions. After the season the club would play the Stanley Cup Finals series against the Montreal Canadiens, NHA champions. Montreal would win the best-of-five series 3–2 to win the Cup.
Georgi Mamarchev
Georgi Mamarchev (Bulgarian: Георги Мамарчев; 1786 – 16 July 1846) was a Bulgarian fighter against the Ottoman rule and a captain in the Imperial Russian Army. Mamarchev was the uncle of the Bulgarian revolutionary Georgi Sava Rakovski.

Due to the merits of Mamarchev and out of respect for his work, Rakovski took the name of his uncle.

Mamarchev was the mastermind of the Bulgarian Conspiracy of 1835.  He was not executed only because he was a Russian citizen, but he was exiled to the island of Samos, where he died.

Georgi Sava Rakovski
Georgi Stoykov Rakovski (Bulgarian: Георги Стойков Раковски) (1821 – 9 October 1867), known also Georgi Sava Rakovski (Георги Сава Раковски), born Sabi Stoykov Popovich (Съби Стойков Попович),  was a 19th-century Bulgarian revolutionary, freemason, writer and an important figure of the Bulgarian National Revival and  resistance against Ottoman rule.
Galerie St. Etienne
Galerie St. Etienne is a New York art gallery specializing in Austrian and German Expressionism, established in Vienna in 1939 by Otto Kallir (originally Otto Nirenstein). In 1923, Kallir founded the Neue Galerie in Vienna. Forced to leave Austria after the 1938 Nazi invasion, Kallir established his gallery in Paris as the Galerie St. Etienne, named after the Neue Galerie's location near Vienna's Cathedral of St. Stephen. In 1939, Kallir and his family left France for the United States, moving the Galerie St. Etienne to New York City. The gallery still exists, run by Otto Kallir's granddaughter Jane at 24 West 57th Street.

St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna
St. Stephen's Cathedral (German: Stephansdom [ˈʃ͡tɛfansˌdoːm]) is a Roman Catholic church in Vienna, Austria, and the mother church of the Archdiocese of Vienna. It is the seat of the Archbishop of Vienna, Josef Grünwidl.

The current Romanesque and Gothic form of the cathedral, seen today in the Stephansplatz, was largely initiated by Duke Rudolf IV (1339–1365) and stands on the ruins of two earlier churches, the first a parish church consecrated in 1147. The most important religious building in Vienna, St. Stephen's Cathedral has borne witness to many important events in Habsburg and Austrian history and has, with its multi-coloured tile roof, become one of the city's most recognizable symbols. It has 256 stairs from the top to the bottom
Christmas Karma
Christmas Karma is a 2025 British Christmas musical comedy-drama film written and directed by Gurinder Chadha. A Bollywood-inspired adaptation of the Charles Dickens 1843 novella A Christmas Carol, the film features an ensemble cast including Kunal Nayyar, Leo Suter, Charithra Chandran, Pixie Lott, Danny Dyer, Boy George, Hugh Bonneville, Billy Porter, and Eva Longoria.

Christmas Karma was released in the United Kingdom by True Brit Entertainment on 14 November 2025. It received widely negative reviews.

Ebenezer Scrooge
Ebenezer Scrooge (/ˌɛ.bɪ.ˈniː.zər ˈskruːdʒ/) is a fictional character and the protagonist of Charles Dickens's 1843 novella A Christmas Carol. Initially a cold-hearted miser who despises Christmas, his redemption by visits from the ghost of Jacob Marley and the Ghosts of Christmas Past, Present, and Yet to Come has become a defining tale of the Christmas holiday in the English-speaking world.

Dickens describes Scrooge thus early in the story: "The cold within him froze his old features, nipped his pointed nose, shrivelled his cheek, stiffened his gait; made his eyes red, his thin lips blue; and spoke out shrewdly in his grating voice." Throughout the novella, visits from the four ghosts show Scrooge the errors of his ways, and he transforms into a better, more generous man. Scrooge's last name has entered the English language as a byword for greed and misanthropy, while his catchphrase, "Bah! Humbug!" is often used to express disgust with many modern Christmas traditions.
Victorian Essential Learning Standards
In the state of Victoria, Australia, the Victorian Essential Learning Standards (VELS) was the curriculum framework for Preparatory to Year 10 school levels, which replaced the Curriculum and Standards Framework II (CSF 2) in 2006. Students starting Year 11 normally proceed to complete the Victorian Certificate of Education (VCE), but other education options are available. VELS was superseded by the Australian Curriculum AusVELS in 2013.

Victorian Certificate of Education
The Victorian Certificate of Education (VCE) is the credential available to secondary school students who successfully complete year 10, 11 and 12 in the Australian state of Victoria as well as in some international schools in China, Malaysia, Philippines, Timor-Leste, and Vietnam.

Study for the VCE is usually completed over three years, but can be spread over a longer period in some cases.

The VCE was established as a pilot project in 1987. The earlier Higher School Certificate (HSC) was abolished in Victoria, Australia in 1992.

Delivery of the VCE Vocational Major, an "applied learning" program within the VCE, began in 2023.
Mako Komao
Mako Komao (駒尾 真子, Komao Mako; born March 16, 1982) is a Japanese author of several light novel adaptations of manga, anime and visual novel series. This includes a single novel adaptation of Kashimashi: Girl Meets Girl, a manga originally written by Satoru Akahori and illustrated by Yukimaru Katsura. Komao also wrote five light novels based on the Gift visual novel and wrote the original concept for the manga series the First Love Sisters.

Satoru Akahori
Satoru Akahori (あかほり さとる, Akahori Satoru; born 赤堀 悟, March 8, 1965) is a Japanese scriptwriter, novelist and manga author. He is best known for the Saber Marionette, Sakura Wars and Sorcerer Hunters series, which comes in anime, novel and  manga forms.
2022 Renfrewshire Council election
The 2022 Renfrewshire Council elections took place on 5 May 2022, as part of the 2022 Scottish local elections on the same day as the 31 other Scottish local authorities were up for election. The election used the 12 wards created under the Local Governance (Scotland) Act 2004 and last changed as a result of the 2015–16 Boundary Commission review, with 43 councillors being elected. Each ward elected either 3 or 4 members, using the STV electoral system.

At the last election in 2017, the SNP won the most seats and formed a minority administration taking over from the previous Labour majority administration. This election saw the SNP grow their number of seats to 21, one short of a majority, along with seats gains by Labour to bring them up to 15. The Conservatives lost seats, reducing their representation to 5. Liberal Democrats retained their single seat and Independents on the council were reduced to also a single seat.

2017 Renfrewshire Council election
The 2017 Renfrewshire Council election took place on 4 May 2017 to elect members of Renfrewshire Council. The election was first to use the twelve wards created as a result of the 2015-16 Boundary Commission review, with each ward electing three or four Councillors using the single transferable vote system, a form of proportional representation, with 43 Councillors being elected, a net increase of 3 members compared to the 2012 Council.
Hakuin Ekaku
Hakuin Ekaku (白隠 慧鶴; January 19, 1686 – January 18, 1769) was one of the most influential figures in Japanese Zen Buddhism, who regarded bodhicitta, working for the benefit of others, as the ultimate concern of Zen-training. While never having received formal dharma transmission, he is regarded as the reviver of the Japanese Rinzai school from a period of stagnation, focusing on rigorous training methods integrating meditation and koan practice.

Dharmakāya
The dharmakāya (Sanskrit: धर्म काय, "truth body" or "reality body", Chinese: 法身; pinyin: fǎshēn, Tibetan: ཆོས་སྐུ་, Wylie: chos sku) is one of the three bodies (trikāya) of a Buddha in Mahāyāna Buddhism. The dharmakāya constitutes the unmanifested, "inconceivable" (acintya) aspect of a Buddha out of which Buddhas arise and to which they return after their dissolution. When a Buddha manifests out of the dharmakāya in a physical body of flesh and blood, which is perceptible to ordinary sentient beings, this is called a nirmāṇakāya, "transformation body".

The Dhammakāya tradition of Thailand and the Tathāgatagarbha sūtras of the ancient Indian tradition view the dharmakāya as the ātman (true self) of the Buddha present within all beings.
Strachomino
Strachomino [straxɔˈminɔ] (German: Strachmin) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Będzino, within Koszalin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 11 km (7 mi) south-west of Będzino, 23 km (14 mi) west of Koszalin, and 118 km (73 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Będzino
Będzino [bɛnˈd͡ʑinɔ] is a village in Koszalin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Będzino. It lies approximately 13 km (8 mi) west of Koszalin and 128 km (80 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The area became part of the emerging Polish state under its first historic ruler Mieszko I around 967. Following the fragmentation of Poland, it formed part of the Duchy of Pomerania. From the 18th century, it formed part of Prussia. From 1871, it was part of Germany until the defeat of Nazi Germany in World War II. In 1945 the area was reintegrated back into Poland.
Akriti Kakar
Akriti Kakar is an Indian singer and composer. Her songs, "Saturday Saturday" from the film Humpty Sharma Ki Dulhania and "Iski Uski" from 2 States became popular. Akriti was a judge on Zee Bangla's Sa Re Ga Ma Pa: Li'l Champs and was going to appear on Colors TV's Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa.

Shankar Mahadevan
Shankar Mahadevan (born 2 March 1967) is an Indian singer and composer who is part of the Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy trio that makes music for Indian films. In 2023, he was awarded an honorary doctorate (honoris causa degree) by Birmingham City University.
Valleuse
In the Pays de Caux, Normandy, France a valleuse is a depression in the land surface of the plateau which permits access to the sea; it is sometimes translated into English as a "cliff hallow." On the rest of this coast, that access is prevented by the height of the chalk cliffs.

There are three (major) sorts:

living valleuse (valleuse vive): a natural depression as at Fécamp, Yport and Étretat.

dead valleuse (valleuse morte): to obtain the final access to the beach it is necessary to set up a stairway.

perched valleuse (valleuse perchée): a simple depression in the plateau surface which do not descend far enough to permit access to the beach. Elsewhere, it might be called a hanging valley though it is formed, not by a glacier but by maritime erosion.

There are also three types by stratigraphy:

Simple,

Resistant pedestal, and

Complex.

Étretat
Étretat (French pronunciation: [etʁəta]) is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region of Northwestern France. It is a tourist and farming town situated about 32 km (20 mi) northeast of Le Havre, at the junction of the D 940, D 11 and D 139 roads. It is located on the coast of the Pays de Caux area.
2026 New York State Assembly election
The 2026 New York State Assembly election will be held on November 3, 2026. Democrats have held a majority in the New York State Assembly since 1975. It will be held alongside elections for governor, attorney general, comptroller, United States House of Representatives, and State Senate.

Candidates must file paperwork between March 30, 2026 and April 2, 2026 to run.

2026 New York Attorney General election
The 2026 New York Attorney General election is scheduled to take place on November 3, 2026, to elect the Attorney General of New York. Incumbent Democratic Attorney General Letitia James has announced that she will run for a third term.
1962 California League season
The 1962 California League was a Class C baseball season played between April 24 and September 9. Eight teams played a 140-game schedule, as the winner of each half of the season qualified for the California League championship round.

The San Jose Bees won the California League championship, as they defeated the Reno Silver Sox in the final round of the playoffs.

San Jose Giants
The San Jose Giants are a Minor League Baseball team of the California League and the Single-A affiliate of the San Francisco Giants. Located in San Jose, California, the Giants play their home games at Excite Ballpark.
Miller Bros. Co. v. Maryland
Miller Brothers Co. v. Maryland, 347 U.S. 340 (1954) was a decision by the U.S. Supreme Court that ruled 5-4 that a mail order reseller was not required to collect a use tax unless it had sufficient contact with the state.

Use tax
A use tax is a type of tax levied in the United States by numerous state governments. It is essentially the same as a sales tax but is applied not where a product or service was sold but where a merchant bought a product or service and then converted it for its own use, without having paid tax when it was initially purchased. Use taxes are functionally equivalent to sales taxes. They are typically levied upon the use, storage, enjoyment, or other consumption in the state of tangible personal property that has not been subjected to a sales tax.
2023 KNSB Dutch Sprint Championships
The 2023 KNSB Dutch Sprint Championships in speed skating were held in Heerenveen at the Thialf ice skating rink from 27 December to 28 December 2022. The tournament was part of the 2022–2023 speed skating season. Hein Otterspeer and Jutta Leerdam won the sprint titles. The sprint championships were held on the same day as the 2023 KNSB Dutch Allround Championships.

KNSB Dutch Sprint Championships
The Dutch Sprint Championships of speed skating, organised by the Royal Dutch Speed Skating Association (KNSB), is the official Dutch championship to determine the Dutch Sprint champion. The Sprint distance championships date back to 1969 for men and 1983 for women.
Caustic Graphics
Caustic Graphics was a computer graphics and fabless semiconductor company that developed technologies to bring real-time ray-traced computer graphics to the mass market.

The company name derived from an optical effect caused by the concentration of light on to a surface resulting from focusing through reflection or refraction phenomena.

Caustic was founded on the premise that realistic 3D graphics would be easier to create if GPU hardware were as efficient at processing a ray as processing a vertex or fragment using existing rasterisation methods.

Imagination Technologies
Imagination Technologies Group Limited is a British semiconductor and software design company owned by Canyon Bridge Capital Partners, a private equity fund based in Beijing that is ultimately owned by the Chinese government. With its global headquarters in Kings Langley, England, its primary business is in the design of PowerVR graphics processors (GPUs) for AI processing. The company was listed on the London Stock Exchange until it was acquired by Canyon Bridge in November 2017.
2002 United States House of Representatives elections in Arkansas
The United States House of Representatives elections in Arkansas occurred on November 5, 2002 to elect the members of the State of Arkansas's delegation to the United States House of Representatives. Arkansas had four seats in the House, apportioned according to the 2000 United States census.

These elections were held concurrently with the United States Senate elections of 2002 (including one in Arkansas), the United States House elections in other states, and various state and local elections.

2002 United States Senate election in Arkansas
The 2002 United States Senate election in Arkansas was held on November 5, 2002. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Tim Hutchinson ran for a second term, but was defeated by Democratic candidate Mark Pryor, whose father David had held the seat from 1979 to 1997. This was the only Senate seat in the 2002 midterm elections to switch from Republican to Democratic, and Hutchinson was the only incumbent Republican senator to lose reelection during that cycle.
Sakko i Vantsetti
Sakko i Vantsetti (Ukrainian: Сакко і Ванцетті; Russian: Сакко и Ванцетти, transl. Sacco and Vanzetti) is a village in Bakhmut Raion (district) in Donetsk Oblast, eastern Ukraine. It is part of Soledar urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

Soledar urban hromada
Soledar urban hromada (Ukrainian: Соледарська міська громада, romanized: Soledarska miska hromada) is a hromada of Ukraine, located in Bakhmut Raion, Donetsk Oblast. Its administrative center is the city Soledar.

It has an area of 558.29 square kilometres (215.56 sq mi) and a population of 20,581, as of 2018.

It was formed on 15 September 2016 by merging local city and village councils in Bakhmut Raion.

The hromada includes 37 settlements: 1 city (Soledar), 32 villages:

And 4 rural-type settlements: Vyimka, Nahirne, Pidhorodne, and Spirne.
2003 Lincoln, Nebraska mayoral election
The 2003 Lincoln, Nebraska mayoral election took place on May 6, 2003, following a primary election on April 8, 2003. Incumbent Mayor Don Wesely, who was first elected in 1999, announced on January 17, 2003, that he would not seek re-election.

Though the race was officially nonpartisan, following Wesely's departure, Democrats consolidated around City Councilwoman Coleen Seng, who announced that she would run to succeed Wesely. Her opponent was Republican City Councilman Glenn Friendt, who had announced that he would run for mayor prior to Wesely's withdrawal.

In the primary election, Friendt placed first by a narrow margin, winning 52 percent of the vote to Seng's 48 percent. Both proceeded to the general election, where, in a "mild surprise," Seng defeated Friendt by a narrow margin. Seng received 51 percent of the vote to Friendt's 49 percent, despite being outspent by Friendt.

1999 Lincoln, Nebraska mayoral election
The 1999 Lincoln, Nebraska mayoral election took place on May 4, 1999, following a primary election April 6, 1999. Mayor Mike Johanns was elected Governor in 1998 and resigned as Mayor on November 30, 1998. City Councilman Dale Young was selected to serve out the remainder of his term, and declined to run for a full term.

Five candidates ran in the election, with former State Senator Don Wesely and City Councilwoman Cindy Johnson emerging as the frontrunners. In the primary election, Wesely placed first, winning 48 percent of the vote to Johnson's 36 percent. Though the race was formally nonpartisan, Wesely, a Democrat, and Johnson, a Republican, earned support from their respective parties. Wesely ultimately won the election by a wide margin, receiving 56 percent of the vote.