hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Great Eastern Crisis
The Great Eastern Crisis of 1875–1878 began in the Ottoman Empire's administrative territories in the Balkan Peninsula in 1875, with the outbreak of several uprisings and wars that resulted in the intervention of international powers, and was ended with the Treaty of Berlin in July 1878.

The war is referred to differently in various languages of the peoples involved in it due to differing sociocultural backgrounds. In Serbo-Croatian and Turkish, the war is likewise referred to as Velika istočna kriza ("Great Eastern Crisis") and Şark Buhranı ("Eastern Crisis") respectively. However, the occasionally used Turkish name Ramazan Kararnamesi ("Decree of Ramadan") refers specifically to the sovereign default declared on 30 October 1875 in historiography while 93 Harbi ("War of 93") refers to the Russo-Turkish War (the year 1293 of the Islamic Rumi calendar corresponding to the year 1877 on the Gregorian calendar).

Cyprus Convention
The Cyprus Convention of 4 June 1878 was a secret agreement reached between the United Kingdom and the Ottoman Empire which granted administrative control of Cyprus to Britain (see British Cyprus), in exchange for its support of the Ottomans during the Congress of Berlin. Provisions in the Convention retained Ottoman rights over the territory of Cyprus.

This agreement was the result of secret negotiations that took place earlier in 1878. The Convention was abrogated by the British on 5 November 1914, when Britain and the Ottoman Empire found themselves at war with each other following the Ottoman entry into World War I.
Gurbangeldi Durdyýew
Gurbangeldi Durdyýew, also known as Kurbangeldy Durdyev, (born 12 January 1973) is a Turkmen football manager and former player who played as a midfielder. He is the head coach of the Turkmenistan national under-23 football team.

2006 Ýokary Liga
2006 Ýokary Liga season was the 14th edition of the top tier professional Yokary Liga football annual competition in Turkmenistan administered by the Football Federation of Turkmenistan. Eight teams competed.
Wallasea Island
Wallasea Island lies in Essex, England.  It is bounded to the north by the River Crouch, to the south east by the River Roach, and to the west by Paglesham Pool and the narrow Paglesham Creek. The population of the Island is included in the civil parish of Canewdon.

Much of the island is farmland, and wheat is the main crop.  A small settlement at its western end is linked by road to the mainland and is home to a campsite and marina.  It is linked by a ferry to Burnham-on-Crouch.

It is possible to walk for about 8 mi (13 km) around most of the sea wall. The south side of the island is one of the most tranquil places in Essex, where wildlife typical of open farmland such as skylarks, corn buntings and hares can be observed. Close by, on the opposite side of the estuary of the River Roach, Foulness Island and Potton Island are visible.

Potton Island
Potton Island is a sparsely populated island west of Foulness in Essex, England. It is connected to the mainland by a swing bridge with a traffic light system, and the road leads to Great Wakering.

Unlike some of the other nearby islands which were formerly marshland, Potton Island has been inhabited at least since the Neolithic era.  It was home to several arable farms until it flooded in 1884, leading to its temporary abandonment and longer-term use as pasture.  The island was reclaimed in the 1940s but some time after being acquired by the Ministry of Defence in 1955 it reverted to pasture. In June 2005, it was disclosed that Potton Island was considered by John Major's Conservative government in the 1980s or 1990s as a potential long-term storage site for high-level nuclear waste. Local government (Rochford District Council) subsequently expressed their surprise and concern that they had not been party to any consultation on the matter.
Rumex fueginus
Rumex fueginus, known as American dock, golden dock, and Tierra del Fuego dock, is a flowering plant in the family Polygonaceae. Rumex fueginus was first formally named by Rodolfo Armando Phillipi. Rumex fueginus is native from Canada in northern North America to  Tierra del Fuego at the southern tip of South America. It has previously been considered a subspecies or variety of Rumex maritimus, a Eurasian species.

Rumex maritimus
Rumex maritimus,  commonly called golden dock, bristle dock, or seashore dock, is an annual plant species of the genus Rumex. Rumex D maritimus grows in Argentina, Burma, Canada, China, and the United States. It is native to Canada and most of the 48 states. The life span of Rumex maritimus is rarely biennial in moist environments. This herb belongs to the family Polygonaceae.
An Admirable New Northern Story
An Admirable New Northern Story is an English broadside ballad from the late 17th century. It tells the story of Constance and Anthony, two lovers who are constant to each other despite two years of separation. When Anthony has to leave England, Constance dresses like a man and joins his ship's kitchen crew in order to stay with him. After a shipwreck, they are separated for two years in Spain. When they finally see each other again by chance, they are reunited and return to England to be married. Also known as "Constance and Anthony." Sung to the Tune of "I Would Thou Wert in Shrewsbury." Copies of the broadside can be found in the British Library, the University of Glasgow Library, the National Library of Scotland, and Magdalene College, Cambridge. On-line facsimiles of the ballad are also available for public consumption.

Broadside ballad
A broadside (also known as a broadsheet) is a single sheet of inexpensive paper printed on one side, often with a ballad, rhyme, news and sometimes with woodcut illustrations. They were one of the most common forms of printed material between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries, particularly in Britain, Ireland and North America because they are easy to produce and are often associated with one of the most important forms of traditional music from these countries, the ballad. They were also common across Scandinavia and the rest of Europe.
2020 Colorado elections
Colorado state elections in 2020 were held on Tuesday, November 3, 2020. The deadline to register and receive a ballot by mail in Colorado was October 26, 2020. Voters may register in person and vote or pick up a ballot at Voter Service Centers October 19 through 7 p.m. November 3, 2020. Colorado exclusively used a vote-by-mail system, although voters may choose to vote in person at Voter Service and Polling Centers (VSPCs).

In addition to the U.S. presidential race, Colorado voters voted in the U.S. Senate, U.S. House, state executive offices, State Senate, State House, state Supreme Court, Appellate courts, local judges, state ballot measures, and municipal elections.

2020 Colorado Senate election
The 2020 Colorado Senate elections took place on November 3, 2020, with the primary elections held on June 30, 2020. Voters in 18 out of 35 districts of the state senate elected their representative for a four-year term. It coincided with the state House elections and the biennial United States elections. The Democratic Party retained control of the Senate, winning 20 seats, and increased their majority by one, gaining the 27th district from the Republican Party.
Menard V12 engine
The Menard V12 engine is a V12 racing engine designed, developed, and produced by Menard Competition Technologies (MCT) in partnership and collaboration with Élan Motorsport Technologies. It was specially made for the Panoz DP09 Superleague Formula open-wheel race car.

V12 engine
A V12 engine is a twelve-cylinder piston engine where two banks of six cylinders are arranged in a V configuration around a common crankshaft. V12 engines are more common than V10 engines. However, they are less common than V8 engines.

The first V12 engine was built in 1904 for use in racing boats. Due to the balanced nature of the engine and the smooth delivery of power, V12 engines were found in early luxury automobiles, boats, aircraft, and tanks. Aircraft V12 engines reached their apogee during World War II, after which they were mostly replaced by jet engines. In Formula One racing, V12 engines were common during the late 1960s and early 1990s.

Applications of V12 engines in the 21st century have been as marine engines, in railway locomotives, as large stationary power as well as in some European sports and luxury cars.
Laverda 1000
The Laverda 1000 is a series of 981 cc (59.9 cu in) air cooled DOHC triple motorcycles produced by the Italian manufacturer Laverda between 1973 and 1988. The high-performance variant, the Jota, was the fastest production motorcycle from 1976 to 1981. Approximately 7,100 triples of the various models were produced.

Drum brake
A drum brake is a brake that uses friction caused by a set of shoes or pads that press outward against a rotating bowl-shaped part called a brake drum.

The term drum brake usually means a brake in which shoes press on the inner surface of the drum. When shoes press on the outside of the drum, it is usually called a clasp brake. Where the drum is pinched between two shoes, similar to a conventional disc brake, it is sometimes called a pinch drum brake, though such brakes are relatively rare. A related type called a band brake uses a flexible belt or "band" wrapping around the outside of a drum. Drum brakes are manufactured in small automobiles or cheap vehicles, as they are less expensive to make than a traditional disc brake.
Moosa Stadium
Smart Choice Moosa Stadium is a cricket stadium in Pearland, Texas. The stadium is owned by Smart Choice, a former sponsor of the United States national cricket team. It is named after Smart Choice CEO Sakhi Muhammad’s father. It is home to American College Cricket.

Pearland, Texas
Pearland (/ˈpɛərlænd/ PEAR-land) is a city in Brazoria County, with portions extending into Fort Bend and Harris Counties, in Texas, United States. The city of Pearland is a principal city within the Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land metropolitan statistical area. As of the 2020 census, Pearland had a population of 125,828, up from a population of 91,252 at the 2010 census. Pearland's population growth rate from 2000 to 2010 was 142%, which ranked Pearland as the 15th-fastest-growing city in the U.S. during that time, compared to other cities with a population of 10,000 or greater in 2000. Pearland is the third-largest city in the Greater Houston area after Houston and Pasadena, Texas.
Everybody 1-2-Switch!
Everybody 1-2-Switch! is a 2023 party video game developed by Nintendo and Nintendo Cube and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo Switch. The sequel to 1-2-Switch (2017), it is a collection of team-based minigames. It was released to mixed reviews, who criticized the gameplay and lack of variety, though its budget price and concept received praise.

Party video game
A party video game is a genre of video game that stems from in-person party games, involving player-to-player interaction as the central gameplay element. These games are often defined by simple controls which can be easily picked up and understood by players of any skill level.

Party video games generally consist of short-term experiences which may be played in succession, and are sometimes characterized in the form of minigames. These experiences may be played singularly or in a group, and usually feature several players competing simultaneously.
Mohamed Sherif
Mohamed Sherif Mohamed Ragaei Bakr (Arabic: محمد شريف محمد رجائي بكر; born 4 February 1996) is an Egyptian professional footballer who plays as a striker for Egyptian Premier League club Al Ahly and the Egypt national team.

2020–21 CAF Champions League
The 2020–21 CAF Champions League (officially the 2020–21 Total CAF Champions League for sponsorship reasons) was the 57th edition of Africa's premier club football tournament organized by the Confederation of African Football (CAF), and the 25th edition under the current CAF Champions League title.

Al Ahly successfully defended their title and defeated Kaizer Chiefs 3–0 in the final, which was played at Stade Mohammed V in Casablanca, Morocco, winning their record-extending tenth and second consecutive title.

As the winners of the 2020–21 CAF Champions League, Al Ahly represented Africa in both the 2021 and 2025 FIFA Club World Cups, and played against Raja Casablanca, the winners of the 2020–21 CAF Confederation Cup, in the 2021–22 CAF Super Cup.
Zone 2 of Milan
The Zone 2 of Milan, since 2016 officially Municipality 2 of Milan, (in Italian: Zona 2 di Milano, Municipio 2 di Milano) is one of the 9 administrative divisions of Milan, Italy.

It was officially created as an administrative subdivision during the 1980s. On 14 April 2016, in order to promote a reform on the municipal administrative decentralization, the City Council of Milan established the new Municipality 2, a new administrative body responsible for running most local services, such as schools, social services, waste collection, roads, parks, libraries and local commerce.

The zone lies on the north-eastern part of the city. The Central railway station of Milan is located in the area.

Municipalities of Milan
Milan is divided into nine municipalities (Italian: municipi or zone; known as zone di decentramento, "decentralization zones" from 1999 until 2016). They are numbered from 1 to 9. The organization was established in 1997, implemented in 1999 and reformed in 2016; prior to that the city was divided into 20 administrative zones.
Law of Virginia
The law of Virginia consists of several levels of legal rules, including constitutional, statutory, regulatory, case law, and local laws. The Code of Virginia contains the codified legislation that define the general statutory laws for the Commonwealth.

Supreme Court of Virginia
The Supreme Court of Virginia is the highest court in the Commonwealth of Virginia.  It primarily hears direct appeals in civil cases from the trial-level city and county circuit courts, as well as the criminal law, family law and administrative law cases that are initially appealed to the Court of Appeals of Virginia. Established in 1779 as the Supreme Court of Appeals, the Supreme Court of Virginia is one of the oldest continuously active judicial bodies in the United States.
Murder of Atcel Olmedo
Atcel Olmedo (previously known as DuPage Johnny Doe) was a two-year-old American toddler who was allegedly murdered in 2005 by his abusive stepfather and his mother. His body was found in Naperville, Illinois in 2005, but he was not positively identified until 2011. The case received significant national attention and was featured on several television programs. Forensic evidence obtained during the investigation was crucial in identifying him.

Despite the identification, the case remains unresolved. The two main suspects—Olmedo's mother and stepfather—were released on bond and subsequently fled. Authorities believe they escaped to the Mexico City area.

The exact cause of Olmedo's death remains undetermined, but the manner of death is considered a homicide.

Interstate 88 (Illinois)
Interstate 88 (I-88) is an Interstate Highway in the US state of Illinois that runs from an interchange with I-80 near Silvis and Moline to an interchange with I-290 and I-294 in Hillside, near Chicago. I-88 is 140.60 miles (226.27 km) long. This route is not contiguous with I-88 in New York. Since 2010, most of I-88 has been part of the Chicago–Kansas City Expressway. The highway also runs through the cities of Aurora, Naperville, DeKalb, and Dixon. East of Rock Falls, the route is a part of the Illinois Tollway system as the Ronald Reagan Memorial Tollway, previously the East-West Tollway.
Strathwhillan
Strathwhillan (Scottish Gaelic: Srath Chuilinn) is a tiny community on the Isle of Arran in the Firth of Clyde, Scotland. It is really a suburb of the much larger village of Brodick. There are no amenities to speak of in the area, save for a local guest house.

Brodick
Brodick (/ˈbrɒdɪk/ BROD-ik, Scottish Gaelic: Tràigh a' Chaisteil ("Castle Beach") or Breadhaig) is the main village on the Isle of Arran, in the Firth of Clyde, Scotland. It is halfway along the east coast of the island, in Brodick Bay below Goat Fell, the tallest mountain on Arran. The name is derived from the Norse "breda-vick" meaning "Broad Bay".

The harbour receives its main ferry services between Arran and the mainland via Ardrossan and Troon. Brodick Castle is a former residence of the Dukes of Hamilton.

Brodick is one of the largest villages on the island and is seen as the main hub due to the ferry terminal which connects the island to the mainland. It is host to many homes, hotels and shops, the health centre, nursing home, heritage museum, tourist information centre, Brodick Castle, public beach, park and an 18-hole golf course.
Palaung language
Palaung or Ta'ang (Burmese: ပလောင်ဘာသာ), also known as De'ang (Chinese: 德昂語; Burmese: တအာင်းဘာသာ), is an Austroasiatic dialect cluster spoken by over half a million people in Burma (Shan State) and neighboring countries. The Palaung people are divided into Palé (Ruching), Rumai, and Shwe, and each of whom have their own language. The Riang languages are reported to be unintelligible or only understood with great difficulty by native speakers of the other Palaung languages.

A total number of speakers is uncertain; there were 150,000 Shwe speakers in 1982, 272,000 Ruching (Palé) speakers in 2000, and 139,000 Rumai speakers at an unrecorded date. Palaung was classified as a "severely endangered" language in UNESCO's Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger. The Rulai dialect spoken near Lashio has regular phonological changes and some lexical differences from Ruching.

Zhenkang County
Zhenkang County (simplified Chinese: 镇康县; traditional Chinese: 鎮康縣; pinyin: Zhènkāng Xiàn) is located in western Yunnan province, China, bordering Burma's Shan State to the west. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Lincang.
Dorsal metatarsal arteries
The arcuate artery of the foot gives off the second, third, and fourth dorsal metatarsal arteries, which run forward upon the corresponding Interossei dorsales; in the clefts between the toes, each divides into two dorsal digital branches for the adjoining toes.

At the proximal parts of the interosseous spaces these vessels receive the posterior perforating branches from the plantar arch, and at the distal parts of the spaces they are joined by the anterior perforating branches, from the plantar metatarsal arteries.

The fourth dorsal metatarsal artery gives off a branch which supplies the lateral side of the fifth toe.

The first dorsal metatarsal artery runs forward on the first Interosseous dorsalis.

Plantar arch
The plantar arch is a circulatory anastomosis formed from:

deep plantar artery, from the dorsalis pedis - a.k.a. dorsal artery of the foot

lateral plantar artery

The plantar arch supplies the underside, or sole, of the foot.

The plantar arch runs from the 5th metatarsal and extends medially to the 1st metatarsal (of the big toe).

The arch is formed when the lateral plantar artery turns medially to the interval between the bases of the first and second metatarsal bones, where it unites with the deep plantar branch of the dorsalis pedis artery, thus completing the plantar arch (or deep plantar arch).
Renedy Singh
Potsangbam Renedy Singh, simply known as Renedy Singh (born 20 June 1979), is an Indian professional football coach and former football midfielder. He is currently the head coach of Indian Super League club Bengaluru.

Singh was elected president of the Football Players' Association of India in 2014.

2011 AFC Asian Cup
The 2011 AFC Asian Cup was the 15th edition of the men's AFC Asian Cup, a quadrennial international football tournament organised by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC). The finals were held in Qatar from 7 to 29 January 2011. It was the second time that the tournament was hosted by Qatar, the previous occasion being the 1988 AFC Asian Cup. Japan won the cup for the record-breaking fourth time after a 1–0 win against Australia, and earned the right to compete in the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup in Brazil as the representative from AFC.

A television viewing audience of 484 million in 80 countries across the Asia-Pacific region, Europe, North America and North Africa witnessed Japan defeat Australia 1–0 in the final.
Wrapped Cauchy distribution
In probability theory and directional statistics, a wrapped Cauchy distribution is a wrapped probability distribution that results from the "wrapping" of the Cauchy distribution around the unit circle. The Cauchy distribution is sometimes known as a Lorentzian distribution, and the wrapped Cauchy distribution may sometimes be referred to as a wrapped Lorentzian distribution.

The wrapped Cauchy distribution is often found in the field of spectroscopy where it is used to analyze diffraction patterns (e.g. see Fabry–Pérot interferometer).

Directional statistics
Directional statistics (also circular statistics or spherical statistics) is the subdiscipline of statistics that deals with directions (unit vectors in Euclidean space, Rn), axes (lines through the origin in Rn) or rotations in Rn. More generally, directional statistics deals with observations on compact Riemannian manifolds including the Stiefel manifold.

The fact that 0 degrees and 360 degrees are identical angles, so that for example 180 degrees is not a sensible mean of 2 degrees and 358 degrees, provides one illustration that special statistical methods are required for the analysis of some types of data (in this case, angular data). Other examples of data that may be regarded as directional include statistics involving temporal periods (e.g. time of day, week, month, year, etc.), compass directions, dihedral angles in molecules, orientations, rotations and so on.
Panturichthys
Panturichthys is a genus of eels of the family Heterenchelyidae that occur in tropical waters along the west coast of Africa from the Gulf of Guinea to Morocco with one species known from the eastern Mediterranean near Israel. It contains the following described species:

Panturichthys fowleri (Ben-Tuvia, 1953)

Panturichthys isognathus Poll, 1953

Panturichthys longus (Ehrenbaum, 1915)

Panturichthys mauritanicus Pellegrin, 1913 (Mauritanian shortface eel)

Panturichthys isognathus
Panturichthys isognathus is an eel in the family Heterenchelyidae (mud eels). It was described by Max Poll in 1953. It is a tropical, marine eel which is known from the Gulf of Guinea in the eastern Atlantic Ocean, where it predominates south of the equator. It is a demersal fish that typically dwells at a depth range of 40–150 metres. Males can reach a maximum total length of 32.5 centimetres.
TsNIITochMash
TsNIITochMash (Russian: ЦНИИТОЧМАШ) is a Russian industrial design bureau which is a major designer and producer of weapons for the Russian Armed Forces and National Guard. The name is an initialism for Central Scientific - Research Institute for Precision Machine Engineering (Russian: Центральный научно-исследовательский институт точного машиностроения, romanized: Tsentralniy nauchno-issledovatelskiy institut tochnogo mashinostroyeniya).

TsNIITochMash determines the development of and develops small arms and simulators for them, individual field equipment, conducts R&D on control systems for precision-guided munitions (as well as protection against them), field artillery systems and new materials. It also develops most cartridges, from small arms up to 14.5×114mm, for the Russian Armed Forces.

9M113 Konkurs
The 9M113 Konkurs (Russian: 9М113 «Конкурс»; English: "Contest"; NATO reporting name AT-5 Spandrel) is a Soviet SACLOS wire-guided anti-tank missile.

A development of the 9K111 Fagot with greater firepower, the 9M113 Konkurs can use the same launchers and is very similar visually, distinguishable only by a slight bulge towards the end of the Konkurs' missile tube.