hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Top and tail
Top-and-tail is a configuration for trains with two locomotives at both ends, for ease of changing direction, especially where the terminal station has no run-round loop. It is normal for only the leading locomotive to power the train when in top-and-tail mode.

It should not be confused with a push–pull train, which has a locomotive at one end and a control cab at the other end.

Trains going up zig zags of the Khyber Pass are top-and-tailed, although Pakistan Railways calls this by a different term.

In Japan, the term "push-pull" is confusingly used to describe trains top-and-tailed with a locomotive at either end. (True push-pull operation with a locomotive at one end is not seen on Japanese mainline railways.)

Push–pull train
Push–pull is a configuration for locomotive-hauled trains, usually having a locomotive on one end and a control car on another, connected via some form of remote control, such as multiple-unit train control.

This formation meant that the locomotive would not have to run-around at the end of a journey before returning.

The trains were also historically knows as "motor trains" or "railmotors", but the term "railmotor" is now used to refer to trains where the locomotive was integrated into a coach. In the UK and some other parts of Europe, the control car is referred to as a driving trailer (or driving van trailer/DVT where there is no passenger accommodation); in the US and Canada, they are called cab cars and in Australia, they are called driving trailers.
1,3,2,4-Dithiadiphosphetane 2,4-disulfides
1,3,2,4-Dithiadiphosphetane 2,4-disulfides are a class of organophosphorus, four-membered ring compounds which contain a P2S2 ring.  Many of these compounds are able to act as sources of the dithiophosphine ylides; the most well known example is Lawesson's reagent.

Other examples of this class of compound have been made; many inorganic chemists are now using Fc2P2S4 (Fc = ferrocene) as a starting material in reactions investigating the general chemistry of the 1,3,2,4-dithiadiphosphetane 2,4-disulfides, one reaction for this is that the Fc2P2S4 compound and all its derivatives are red which make column chromatography of the products more easy. Also the ferrocenyl groups provide an electrochemical handle which provide another means of investigating the properties of the products.

Electrophile
In chemistry, an electrophile is a chemical species that forms bonds with nucleophiles by accepting an electron pair. Because electrophiles accept electrons, they are Lewis acids. Most electrophiles are positively charged, have an atom that carries a partial positive charge, or have an atom that does not have an octet of electrons.

Electrophiles mainly interact with nucleophiles through addition and substitution reactions. Frequently seen electrophiles in organic syntheses include cations such as H+ and NO+, polarized neutral molecules such as HCl, alkyl halides, acyl halides, and carbonyl compounds, polarizable neutral molecules such as Cl2 and Br2, oxidizing agents such as organic peracids, chemical species that do not satisfy the octet rule such as carbenes and radicals, and some Lewis acids such as BH3  and DIBAL.
2010 Arizona State Sun Devils baseball team
The 2010 Arizona State Sun Devils baseball team represented Arizona State University in the 2010 NCAA Division I baseball season. The Sun Devils played their home games at Packard Stadium. The team was coached by Tim Esmay in his 1st season at Arizona State.

The Sun Devils reached the College World Series, entering as the top seed but were eliminated by eventual champion South Carolina in the first elimination round.

2010 South Carolina Gamecocks baseball team
The 2010 South Carolina Gamecocks baseball team represented the University of South Carolina in the 2010 NCAA Division I baseball season. The Gamecocks played their home games in Carolina Stadium. The team was coached by Ray Tanner, who was in his fourteenth season at Carolina.

USC finished second in the Southeastern Conference regular season standings, and received an at-large bid to the 2010 NCAA Division I baseball tournament. The Gamecocks were designated the #1 seed and host of the Columbia Regional. Carolina went 3–0 in their Regional to advance to the Super Regionals. The Gamecocks beat Coastal Carolina in two games to win the Myrtle Beach Super Regional and advance to the 2010 College World Series. After losing the opener, the Gamecocks won their next six games to win the national championship, defeating UCLA in the CWS Championship Series in consecutive games, 7–1 and 2–1.
Hamka Hamzah
Hamka Hamzah (born 29 January 1984) is an Indonesian former professional footballer who plays as a centre-back. In the past, he once played as a forward. Hamka also has one appearance as a goalkeeper in Persik Kediri.

2010 AFF Championship
The 2010 AFF Championship, sponsored by Suzuki and P&G and officially known as the 2010 AFF Suzuki Cup, was the 8th edition of the AFF Championship, took place on 1–29 December 2010. Indonesia and Vietnam hosted the group stage from 1 to 8 December. Two-legged home-and-away semi-finals and finals were held between 15 and 29 December 2010.

Vietnam were the defending champions, but were eliminated by Malaysia in the semi-finals. Indonesia appeared in their fourth final while the Philippines qualified for the semi-finals for the first time under the management of Simon McMenemy. Malaysia subsequently won their first ever title since they first appeared in the final in the inaugural edition, beating Indonesia 4–2 on aggregate in the finals. Malaysia became the first nation to win the AFF Cup (including tournaments held under earlier formats), despite losing two games in the tournament (both to Indonesia).
Skinner Building (Albuquerque, New Mexico)
The Skinner Building is a historic building in Albuquerque, New Mexico, considered to be one of the best examples of Art Deco architecture in the city. Originally a grocery store owned by J.A. Skinner, it was designed by local architect A.W. Boehning and built in 1931. The building is of brick construction, with a street facade of white terra cotta tile on the north and west sides. Its exterior features a variety of decorative details including fluted towers, grill work, stained glass, and geometric patterns. The Skinner Building was added to the New Mexico State Register of Cultural Properties and the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

A controversial balcony was added to the building in 2001 after being narrowly approved by the city Landmarks and Urban Conservation Commission, with one commissioner resigning in protest over the decision. As required by the city, the balcony is freestanding and does not actually touch the building.

New Mexico State Register of Cultural Properties
The New Mexico State Register of Cultural Properties is a register of historic and prehistoric properties located in the state of New Mexico. It is maintained by the New Mexico Historic Preservation Division of the New Mexico Department of Cultural Affairs. The Cultural Properties Review Committee meets at least six times a year. The committee lists properties in the State Register and forwards nominations to the National Register.
ICI-190,622
ICI-190,622 is an anxiolytic drug used in scientific research. It is a pyrazolopyridine derivative, related to other anxiolytic compounds such as tracazolate, and more distantly to zaleplon. It has similar effects to benzodiazepine drugs, but is structurally distinct and so is classed as a nonbenzodiazepine anxiolytic.

Zaleplon
Zaleplon, sold under the brand name Sonata among others, is a sedative and hypnotic which is used to treat insomnia. It is a nonbenzodiazepine or Z-drug of the pyrazolopyrimidine class. It was developed by King Pharmaceuticals and approved for medical use in the United States in 1999.
Win Scott Eckert
Win Scott Eckert is an American author and editor, best known for his work on the literary-crossover Wold Newton Universe, created by author Philip José Farmer, but much expanded-upon subsequently by Eckert and others. He holds a B.A. in Anthropology and a Juris Doctor.

Tarzan
Tarzan (John Clayton, Viscount Greystoke) is a fictional character, a feral child raised in the Congo Basin by the Mangani great apes; he later experiences civilization, only to reject it and return to the wild as a heroic adventurer.

Created by Edgar Rice Burroughs, Tarzan first appeared in the novel Tarzan of the Apes (magazine publication 1912, book publication 1914), and subsequently in 23 sequels, several books by Burroughs and other authors, and innumerable works in other media, both authorized and unauthorized.
Vårgårda Municipality
Vårgårda Municipality (Swedish: Vårgårda kommun) is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in western Sweden. Its seat is located in the town of Vårgårda. It borders Alingsås Municipality to the west, Herrljunga Municipality to the east, Essunga Municipality to the north, Bollebygd and Borås Municipalities to the south.

The local government reform of 1952 formed this municipality through the amalgamation of many small municipalities. It got its name from the only larger built-up locality in the area, Vårgårda. Its territory was not affected by the reform of 1971.

The Swedish religious revival in the 19th century was strong in Vårgårda Municipality, and the Christian climate is today dispersed in many denominations.

Several nationwide-recognized companies, such as Autoliv, are located in the municipality.

Essunga Municipality
Essunga Municipality (Swedish: Essunga kommun) is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in western Sweden. Its seat is located in the town of Nossebro.

The 1952 municipal reform in Sweden saw the creation of Essunga Municipality out of eight original entities. In 1974 it was dissolved and part of Vara Municipality until 1983, when it was reestablished within the boundaries of 1952. The village of Essunga is a minor settlement just east of Nossebro.
Oya, Raebareli
Oya is a village in Amawan block of Rae Bareli district, Uttar Pradesh, India. As of 2011, its population is 1,635, in 309 households. It has one primary school and no healthcare facilities.

The 1961 census recorded Oya as comprising 5 hamlets, with a total population of 592 people (300 male and 292 female), in 120 households and 105 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 739 acres.

The 1981 census recorded Oya as having a population of 807 people, in 145 households, and having an area of 276.81 hectares. The main staple foods were listed as wheat and rice.

Amawan
Amawan is a village and corresponding community development block in Rae Bareli district, Uttar Pradesh, India. It historically was the seat of a taluqdari estate held by a Pathan family and eventually split into two shares. As of 2011, its population is 5,245, in 973 households. It has five primary schools and no healthcare facilities.
Stalingrad (Beevor book)
Stalingrad is a narrative history written by Antony Beevor of the battle fought in and around the city of Stalingrad during World War II, as well as the events leading up to it. It was first published by Viking Press in 1998. The book won the first Samuel Johnson Prize, the Wolfson History Prize and the Hawthornden Prize for Literature in 1999.

Viking Press
Viking Press (formally Viking Penguin, also listed as Viking Books) is an American publishing company owned by Penguin Random House. It was founded in New York City on March 1, 1925, by Harold K. Guinzburg and George S. Oppenheimer and then acquired by the Penguin Group in 1975.

The publisher's name and logo, a Viking ship drawn by Rockwell Kent, were chosen as symbols of enterprise, adventure, and exploration in publishing.

Viking Press was sold to Penguin Books in 1975 for $12 million due to the publishing house's monetary difficulties. These were speculated to have been caused by the shrinkage in the juvenile market and Viking Press' lack of a textbook division.
Heqin
Heqin, also known as marriage alliance, refers to the historical practice of Chinese monarchs marrying princesses—usually members of minor branches of the ruling family—to rulers of neighboring states. It was often adopted as an appeasement strategy with an enemy state that was too powerful to defeat on the battlefield. The policy was not always effective. It implied an equal diplomatic status between the two monarchs. As a result, it was controversial and had many critics.

Lou Jing, the author of the policy, proposed granting the eldest daughter of Emperor Gaozu of Han to Modu Chanyu of the Xiongnu. His proposal was adopted and implemented with a treaty in 198 BC, following the Battle of Baideng two years prior. Wang Zhaojun, of the Han dynasty, and Princess Wencheng, of the Tang dynasty, are among the most famous heqin princesses.

The 20th-century scholar Wang Tonglin praised heqin for facilitating the "melting of races" in China.

Uyghur Khaganate
The Uyghur Khaganate, Khanate, or Empire, self defined as the Toquz Oghuz ("Nine Tribes") and known to the Tang Chinese as the Jiuxing  was a Turkic empire that existed for about a century between the mid 8th and 9th centuries. It was a tribal confederation under the Uyghur nobility.
Anthony Cartwright (writer)
Anthony J. Cartwright (born 1973) is a British novelist.

He was educated at the University of East Anglia (BA Creative Writing, 1996). He received the Betty Trask Award for his novel The Afterglow in 2004. The Afterglow was also shortlisted for the James Tait Black Memorial Prize, the John Llewellyn Rhys Prize, and the Commonwealth Writers' Prize. His second novel, Heartland, was shortlisted for The People's Book Prize and the Commonwealth Writers' Prize.

In 2015 he collaborates with the Italian writer Gian Luca Favetto and 66thand2nd editions for "Il giorno perduto - Racconto di un viaggio all'Heysel". Cartwright was responsible for the English part, and Favetto for the Italian part. A boy from Liverpool and a family from Turin, leave their homes to go to see Liverpool-Juventus in Brussels, in what we recall as one of the greatest disasters in the history of soccer.

Commonwealth Foundation prizes
Commonwealth Foundation has presented a number of prizes since 1987. The main award was called the Commonwealth Writers' Prize and was composed of two prizes: the Best Book Prize (overall and regional) was awarded from 1987 to 2011; the Best First Book prize was awarded from 1989 to 2011. In addition the Commonwealth Short Story Competition was awarded from 1996 to 2011.

Beginning in 2012, Commonwealth Foundation discontinued its previous awards and created a new cultural initiative called Commonwealth Writers, which offered two new awards: the Commonwealth Book Prize for the best first book, in which regional winners received £2,500 and the overall winner received £10,000; and the Commonwealth Short Story Prize for the best short stories, in which regional winners received £1,000 and the overall winner received £5,000. After two years, the Book Prize was discontinued. The Short Story Prize remains the sole award from Commonwealth Writers.
Vega Strike
Vega Strike is a first-person space trading and combat simulator, developed for Microsoft Windows, Linux, FreeBSD and OS X systems. Many of the core game mechanics of Vega Strike are indirectly inspired by Elite. Other games, such as Wing Commander: Privateer, influenced the original developer.

O'Reilly Media
O'Reilly Media, Inc. (formerly O'Reilly & Associates) is an American learning company established by Tim O'Reilly that provides technical and professional skills development courses via an online learning platform. O'Reilly also publishes books about programming and other technical content. Its distinctive brand features a woodcut of an animal on many of its book covers. The company was known as a popular tech conference organizer for more than 20 years before closing the live conferences arm of its business.
Glens Falls North, New York
Glens Falls North is a census-designated place (CDP) in Warren County, New York, United States. It is part of the Glens Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area. The CDP population was 9,530 at the 2020 census. It lies north of the city of Glens Falls, in the town of Queensbury.

Glens Falls, New York
Glens Falls is a city in Warren County, New York, United States and is the central city of the Glens Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 14,830 at the 2020 census. The name was given by Colonel Johannes Glen, the falls referring to a large waterfall in the Hudson River at the southern end of the city.

Glens Falls is a city in the southeastern corner of Warren County, surrounded by the town of Queensbury to the north, east, and west, and by the Hudson River and Saratoga County to the south. Glens Falls is known as "Hometown U.S.A.", a title Look magazine gave it in 1944. The city has also referred to itself as the "Empire City."
Ryota Hama
Ryota Hama (濱 亮太, Hama Ryōta; ring name: 浜 亮太) (born November 21, 1979) is a retired Japanese sumo wrestler and current professional wrestler, signed to Big Japan Pro Wrestling (BJW) in the Strong BJ division.

BJW Tag Team Championship
The BJW Tag Team Championship (BJW認定タッグ王座, BJW nintei taggu ōza) is the top tag team title defended in the Japanese professional wrestling promotion Big Japan Pro Wrestling. The championship has been the leading tag team championship in the promotion since 1997. There have been a total of 66 reigns shared between 49 different teams consisting of 59 distinctive champions. The current champions are Kazumi Kikuta and Toru Sugiura who are in their first reign as a team.
Airtel Zero
Airtel Zero was a platform launched on 6 April 2015 in India by Bharti Airtel, a multinational telecommunications service company across South Asia and, at the time, the largest cellular service provider in India, with 192.22 million subscribers. As per reports, Airtel Zero was a platform through which Airtel would have offered users free access to certain mobile applications and services from companies who had signed up with Airtel.

Bharti Airtel
Bharti Airtel is an Indian multinational telecommunications company headquartered in New Delhi. It operates in 18 countries across Indian Subcontinent, Africa, and the Channel Islands. In India, the company provides mobile telephony services using 5G, 4G, and LTE Advanced technologies, along with fixed-line broadband and voice services, while the range of services varies by country of operation.

Airtel is the second-largest mobile network operator in India and one of the largest mobile network operators globally by subscriber base. It has also deployed Voice over LTE (VoLTE) technology across telecom circles in India to support voice calls over 4G networks.
2011 Richmond Kickers season
The 2011 Richmond Kickers season was the Kickers' nineteenth season in existence and their inaugural campaign in the third-tier USL Pro League. Beforehand, the Kickers played in the USL Second Division. Overall, it was the Kickers' sixth-consecutive season playing in the third division of American soccer.

The Kickers had a successful campaign in USL Pro, having the third best overall record in the league. In the playoffs, the Kickers were eliminated by eventual USL Pro Champions, Orlando City S.C. in the division finals. Outside of USL, the Kickers reached the semifinals of the U.S. Open Cup, their deepest run in the domestic tournament since 1995. During their campaign, the Kickers knocked off two MLS sides, the Columbus Crew in the third round, and Sporting Kansas City in the quarterfinals.

2011 USL Pro season
The 2011 USL Pro season was the 25th season of third-division soccer in the United States, and was the inaugural season of the United Soccer Leagues' (USL) new professional competition. The league is effectively a combination of the USL's former First and Second Divisions.

Following the conclusion of the regular season in August, a postseason tournament, known as the USL Pro Playoffs, took place between the top eight clubs during the season. The quarterfinals was played between August 19–20, the semifinals between August 26–28, and the championship took place on September 3.
Coleophora octagonella
Coleophora octagonella, the octagonal casemaker moth, is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found in the United States, including Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina and Tennessee.

The species is misplaced in the genus Coleophora and the family Coleophoridae. It actually belongs to the family Batrachedridae. The larvae feed on lichens which grow on Quercus trees.

Coleophora
Coleophora is a very large genus of moths of the family Coleophoridae. It contains some 1,350 described species. The genus is represented on all continents, but the majority are found in the Nearctic and Palaearctic regions. Many authors have tried splitting the genus into numerous smaller ones, but most of these have not become widely accepted.

As with most members of the family, the larvae initially feed on the seeds, flowers or leaves of the host plant, but when larger, they feed externally and construct distinctive protective silken cases, often incorporating plant material. Many species have specific host plants; discarded larval cases are often scattered thickly on affected plants.
Pudukad railway station
Pudukad railway station (station code: PUK) is an NSG–6 category Indian railway station in Thiruvananthapuram railway division of Southern Railway zone. It falls between Ollur railway station and Nellayi railway station in the busy Shoranur–Cochin Harbour section in Thrissur district. A total of twenty trains including all passenger trains and some express trains stop here.

Thiruvananthapuram railway division
Thiruvananthapuram Railway Division (TVC) is one of the six administrative divisions in Southern Railway zone of the Indian Railways. It has its headquarters at Thiruvananthapuram. It was formed on 2 October 1979, which serves the eight districts of southern part of Kerala, Kanyakumari district. With 104 stations in its territorial jurisdiction, it is the fourth largest out of six divisions in Southern Railway.

It is the southernmost railway division of India and manages 625 km of route track and 108 railway stations in the states of Kerala and Tamil Nadu. The major stations of the division are Thiruvananthapuram Central, Ernakulam Junction, Kollam Junction, Thrissur, Alappuzha, Kottayam, Ernakulam Town, Chengannur, Kayamkulam, Aluva, Nagercoil Junction, Kanniyakumari, Changanasseri, Tiruvalla, Kochuveli, Varkala, Mavelikara, Angamaly and  Karunagappally.
Anastasia Taylor-Lind
Anastasia Taylor-Lind (born 1981) is an English and Swedish photojournalist. She works for leading editorial publications globally on issues relating to women, population and war. She has lived in Damascus, Beirut, Kyiv and New York City and is now based in London. As a photographic storyteller, Taylor-Lind's work has focused on long-form narrative reportage for monthly magazines.

World Photography Organisation
The World Photography Organisation is a British company best known for its annual Sony World Photography Awards. The company was founded in 2007 by Scott Gray, and is now a subsidiary of Gray's art events company Creo.

The World Photography Organisation hosts a year-round portfolio of events including the Sony World Photography Awards, and Photofairs—art fairs dedicated to presenting fine art photography and moving image.

The company also creates, produces and delivers photographic events for a variety of partners, from exhibitions of individual artists, to platforms on the subject of photography involving artists, and curators from over 20 countries.