hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Carmelo Colamonico
Vito Carmelo Colamonico (Colamonaco) (27 July 1882  – 31 December 1973) was an Italian geographer, geologist and scholar. His works include studies on some karst dolines and landforms of Italy, such as Pulo di Altamura, Pulicchio di Gravina and Gurio Lamanna.

Treccani
Institute Giovanni Treccani for the publication of the Italian Encyclopedia (Italian: Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana - Treccani), also known as Treccani Institute or simply Treccani, is a cultural institution of national interest, active in the publishing field, founded by Giovanni Treccani and Giovanni Gentile in 1925. It is known for publishing the first edition and the subsequent ten supplements of the Italian Encyclopaedia of Science, Literature and Arts (Italian: Enciclopedia Italiana di scienze, lettere ed arti).
Utkikken Hill
Utkikken Hill (71°32′S 1°1′W﻿ / ﻿71.533°S 1.017°W﻿ / -71.533; -1.017) is the northeasternmost rock summit on the Ahlmann Ridge, standing 4 nautical miles (7 km) northeast of Trollkjelpiggen Peak where it overlooks the mouth of Jutulstraumen Glacier and the coastal ice shelf, in Queen Maud Land. Mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition (NBSAE) (1949–52) and air photos by the Norwegian expedition (1958–59) and named Utkikken (the look out).

This article incorporates public domain material from "Utkikken Hill". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Jutulstraumen Glacier
71°35′S 00°30′W﻿ / ﻿71.583°S 0.500°W﻿ / -71.583; -0.500

Jutulstraumen Glacier is a large glacier in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica, about 120 nautical miles (220 km) long, draining northward to the Fimbul Ice Shelf between the Kirwan Escarpment, Borg Massif and Ahlmann Ridge on the west and the Sverdrup Mountains on the east.
Ningerum
Ningerum is a small town on the Kiunga-Tabubil Highway, about equidistant between the two centres of Kiunga and Tabubil. Ningerum is the seat of the Ningerum Rural LLG, which was the second most populous LLG in the North Fly District of the Western Province of Papua New Guinea during the 2000 census. The town is served by Ningerum Airport.

The township itself has a population of roughly 5000 people, a few regional stores and an airport. The Ningerum is also the name for the people inhabiting this region who are noted for their therapeutic knowledge.

Kiunga, Papua New Guinea
Kiunga is a port town on the Fly River in the Western Province of Papua New Guinea, just upstream from the D'Albertis Junction with the Ok Tedi River. It is the southernmost terminus of the Kiunga-Tabubil Highway. Local industry rests on a cornerstone of freight and haulage, particularly from the Ok Tedi Mine and provisioning for the much larger town of Tabubil. Natural rubber has been an emerging industry more recently, with a processing/manufacturing plant being built in town.
Efficiency Decoration (New Zealand)
The Efficiency Decoration is a medal awarded to New Zealand military officers. This medal is awarded to officers who have both served for twelve years continuously and been models of efficiency in that time. First awarded in 1931, it was a replacement for the Colonial Auxiliary Forces Officers' Decoration, which itself was only 29 years old in 1931, being first awarded in 1902. Recipients of this medal are also given the designation of 'ED' to use after their name.

Colonial Auxiliary Forces Officers' Decoration
The Colonial Auxiliary Forces Officers' Decoration, post-nominal letters VD, was established in 1899 as recognition for long and meritorious service as a part-time commissioned officer in any of the organized military forces of the British Colonies, Dependencies and Protectorates. It superseded the Volunteer Officers' Decoration for India and the Colonies in all these territories, but not in the Indian Empire.

In 1930, the decoration, along with the Volunteer Officers' Decoration and the Territorial Decoration, were superseded by the Efficiency Decoration in an effort to standardise recognition across the British Empire.
All Saints Church, Theddlethorpe
All Saints’ Church is a redundant Anglican church in the village of Theddlethorpe All Saints, Lincolnshire, England.  It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade listed building, and is under the care of the Churches Conservation Trust.  The church stands to the east of the A1031 road in the area of the village named Theddlethorpe All Saints, and is some 3 miles (5 km) northeast of Mablethorpe.  It has been called the "Cathedral of the Marsh".

Mablethorpe
Mablethorpe is a seaside town in the civil parish of Mablethorpe and Sutton, in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. The population including nearby Sutton-on-Sea was 12,531 at the 2011 census and estimated at 12,633 in 2019.

The town was visited regularly by Alfred, Lord Tennyson, a 19th-century Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom. Some town features have been named after him, such as Tennyson Road and the now closed Tennyson High School.
Bramstedt bei Syke station
Bramstedt bei Syke (German: Bahnhof Bramstedt) is a railway station located in Bassum, Germany. The station is located on the Wanne-Eickel–Hamburg railway. The train services are operated by NordWestBahn. The station has been part of the Bremen S-Bahn since December 2010.

Bremen Regional S-Bahn
The Bremen S-Bahn (German: Regio-S-Bahn Bremen/Niedersachsen) is an S-Bahn network in Germany, covering the Bremen/Oldenburg Metropolitan Region, from Bremerhaven in the north to Twistringen in the south and Bad Zwischenahn and Oldenburg in the west. It has been in operation since 2010. This network unified existing regional transport in Bremen as well as surrounding cities, including Bremerhaven, Delmenhorst, Twistringen, Nordenham, Oldenburg, and Verden an der Aller. The network lies completely within the area of the Verkehrsverbund Bremen/Niedersachsen (VBN; Bremen/Lower Saxony Transport Association), whose tariff structure applies.
Edgar Blatchford
Edgar Omegitjoak Blatchford (born November 24, 1950) is an American politician, academic, and attorney who served as the mayor of Seward, Alaska.

Blatchford sought the 2016 Democratic Party nomination for United States Senate, losing the nomination in the Alaskan primary to Ray Metcalfe. Blatchford ran two more unsuccessful campaigns for U.S. Senate in 2020 and 2022.

Blatchford also filed to run for lieutenant governor in the 2018 Democratic primary. He dropped out of the race on June 8.

Blatchford has been a professor at the University of Alaska Anchorage since 1995, teaching in the Department of Journalism and Public Communications. Blatchford also served as Commissioner of the Department of Community and Regional Affairs (1990–1994) under Wally Hickel and Commissioner of Community and Economic Development (2003–2005) under Frank Murkowski.

Ray Metcalfe
Ray Metcalfe (born August 29, 1950) is an American politician and political activist from Alaska. Metcalfe has served in the Alaska House of Representatives as a Republican between 1979 and 1983, been active as an activist with the Republican Moderate Party founded by himself, and later became a Democrat, running unsuccessfully for the United States Senate in 2016.
Sport in London
In London, a diverse array of athletics stretching from cricket to football to tennis have further granted its city the spotlight throughout the world. London has hosted the Olympic Games in 1908, 1948, and most recently in 2012, making it the most frequently chosen city in modern Olympic history. Other popular sports in London include rowing, rugby, basketball, and most recently American Football.

FA Cup Final
The FA Cup Final is the last match in the Football Association Challenge Cup. It has regularly been one of the most attended domestic football events in the world, with an official attendance of 89,472 at the 2017 final. The Final is the culmination of a knockout competition among clubs belonging to The Football Association in England, although Scottish and Irish teams competed in the early years and Welsh teams regularly compete, with Cardiff City winning the Cup in 1927 and reaching the final in 1925 and 2008. From 1923 until 2000 it was played mostly at the original Wembley Stadium, from 2000 to 2006 at the Millennium Stadium, Cardiff, and has been played at the current Wembley Stadium since 2007.

As of 2025, 144 FA Cup Finals have been played.

Victory in the final is one of the ways teams can qualify for the UEFA Europa League of the following season.
Road signs in Germany
Road signs in Germany follow the design of that set out in the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals.

Traffic signs, road markings, installations, and symbols used in Germany are prescribed by the Road Traffic Regulation (StVO, German: Straßenverkehrs-Ordnung) and the Traffic Signs Catalog (VzKat, German: Verkehrszeichenkatalog).

Tractor
A tractor is an engineering vehicle specifically designed to deliver a high tractive effort (or torque) at slow speeds, for the purposes of hauling a trailer or machinery such as that used in agriculture, mining or construction.  Most commonly, the term is used to describe a farm vehicle that provides the power and traction to mechanize agricultural tasks, especially (and originally) tillage, and now many more. Agricultural implements may be towed behind or mounted on the tractor, and the tractor may also provide a source of power if the implement is mechanised.
National caveats
A national caveat is a restriction that North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) members place on the use of their forces. NATO General Bantz J. Craddock, NATO's Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR), was quoted as saying all caveats must be removed in February 2007 in an article written by the Associated Press. The level of constraints (i.e. caveats) is tied directly to the level of national interests a country has in a particular mission and the level of risk it is willing to take.

Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe
The Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) is the military headquarters of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization's (NATO) Allied Command Operations (ACO) that commands all NATO operations worldwide. SHAPE is situated in the village of Casteau, near Mons, Belgium.

ACO's and SHAPE's commander is titled Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR), and is always a U.S. four-star general officer or flag officer who also serves as Commander, U.S. European Command.

From 1951 to 2003, SHAPE was the headquarters of Allied Command Europe (ACE). Since 2003 SHAPE has been the headquarters of ACO, controlling NATO also outside Europe. Even though the geographical scope of its activities was extended, SHAPE retained its traditional name with reference to Europe.
Isaiah Zuber
Willie Isaiah Zuber (born April 15, 1997) is an American professional football wide receiver and punt returner. He was most recently a member of the Hamilton Tiger-Cats of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He played college football at Kansas State and Mississippi State.

Houston Gamblers (UFL)
The Houston Gamblers are a professional American football team based in Houston. The Gamblers compete in the United Football League (UFL). The team is owned and operated by Dwayne Johnson's Alpha Acquico and Fox Corporation.

The team was a founding member of the USFL, as the Houston Gamblers in 2022, named after the 1980s USFL team of the same name. Though named after the city of Houston, the 2020s Gamblers never played there under that brand, instead playing its home games as the guest of other USFL teams in Birmingham, Alabama in 2022 and Memphis, Tennessee in 2023. When the USFL and XFL merged to form the UFL in 2024, the Gamblers took over the branding of the original Houston Roughnecks that had played the 2023 season in the XFL and played in Houston at Rice Stadium. The team played at TDECU Stadium (the home of the 2020 and 2023 Roughnecks) during the 2025 season. The team returned to the Gamblers name ahead of the 2026 UFL season, coinciding with a move to Shell Energy Stadium.
A-1 (autovía)
The A-1 (also informally known as Autovía del Norte; Basque: Iparraldeko Autobia) is a Spanish autovía route which starts in Madrid and ends in Irun. It replaced the former national road from Madrid to France, the N-1 road. It carries the designation of European route E05, and, as one of the major north–south arteries of Spain, is one of the country's busiest highways.

Between Burgos and Armiñón there is a toll alternative for this autovía, the autopista AP-1.

In 2011, work was ongoing to bring the section between Burgos and Madrid up to modern standards.

Highways in Spain
The Spanish motorway (highway) network is the third largest in the world, by length. As of 2025, there are 17,228 km (10,705 mi) of High Capacity Roads (Spanish: Vías de Gran Capacidad) in the country. There are two main types of such roads, autopistas and autovías, which differed in the strictness of the standards they are held to.
David Gruzinsky
David (Georgian: დავითი; 30 April 1819 – 24 September 1888) was a Georgian royal prince (batonishvili) of the Bagrationi dynasty. Son of Prince Bagrat of Georgia, grandson of King George XII of Georgia. He was known in Russia as the tsarevich David Bagratovich Gruzinsky (Russian: Давид Багратович Грузинский). He was married to Anna Alekseyevna Mazurina with whom he had one son, Spiridon, who died in infancy. David died in Moscow.

Batonishvili
Batonishvili (Georgian: ბატონიშვილი, lit. 'a child of a lord or sovereign') is a title for royal princes and princesses who descend from the Kings of Georgia from the Bagrationi dynasty.

Batonishvili is suffixed after or before the given names e.g. David Batonishvili or Batonishvili Ioane, etc.
Serge Gellé
Serge Gellé (born 1964) is a Malagasy politician. He has served as Police Minister in the Ntsay government since August 2021, succeeding General Richard Ravalomanana. Prior to this he served with the police force for three decades.

Richard Ravalomanana
Richard Ravalomanana (born 14 December 1959) is a Malagasy politician and former military officer who served as president of the Senate of Madagascar from 2023 to 2025. He also briefly served as acting president of Madagascar in 2023 during the re-election of President Andry Rajoelina. Some media outlets have said that he is a collaborator of Rajoelina.
RTLinux
RTLinux is a hard real-time operating system (RTOS) microkernel that runs the entire Linux operating system as a fully preemptive process. The hard real-time property makes it possible to control robots, data acquisition systems, manufacturing plants, and other time-sensitive instruments and machines from RTLinux applications. The design was patented. Despite the similar name, it is not related to the Real-Time Linux project of the Linux Foundation.

RTLinux was developed by Victor Yodaiken, Michael Barabanov, Cort Dougan and others at the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology and then as a commercial product at FSMLabs. Wind River Systems acquired FSMLabs embedded technology in February 2007 and made a version available as Wind River Real-Time Core for Wind River Linux. As of August 2011, Wind River has discontinued the Wind River Real-Time Core product line, effectively ending commercial support for the RTLinux product.

Real-time operating system
A real-time operating system (RTOS) is an operating system (OS) for real-time computing applications that processes data and events that have critically defined time constraints. A RTOS mainly targets resource constrained devices like microcontrollers. It is distinct from a time-sharing operating system, such as Unix, which manages the sharing of system resources with a scheduler, data buffers, or fixed task prioritization in multitasking or multiprogramming environments. All operations must verifiably complete within given time and resource constraints or else the RTOS will fail safe. Real-time operating systems are event-driven and preemptive, meaning the OS can monitor the relevant priority of competing tasks, and make changes to the task priority.
Apistobuthus susanae
Apistobuthus susanae is a species of scorpion in the family Buthidae that was redescribed based on new specimens collected from Khoozestan Province, Iran. This species is named in honor of Susan Finnegan who described Apistobuthus genus, found in Iran in the province of Khoozestan and in Kuwait. A. susanae is differentiated from A. pterygocercus by several characters including more robust legs and pedipalps, shorter pectines, stronger carination, and complete fusion of central lateral posterior medial carinae of the carapace. Males measures 88 mm (3.5 in) and the female 91 mm (3.6 in) It is a highly venomous species and can be aggressive. They are nocturnal and known for making burrows in sand in which they spend their days.

Buthidae
The Buthidae are the largest family of scorpions, containing about 100 genera and 1300 species as of 2025. A few very large genera (Ananteris, Centruroides, Compsobuthus, or Tityus) are known, but a high number of species-poor or monotypic ones also exist. New taxa are being described at a rate of several new species per year. They have a cosmopolitan distribution throughout tropical and subtropical environments worldwide. Together with four other families, the Buthidae make up the superfamily Buthoidea. The family was established by Carl Ludwig Koch in 1837.

Around 20 species of medically important (meaning potentially lethal to humans) scorpions are known, and all but one of these (Hemiscorpius lepturus) are members of the Buthidae. In dead specimens, the spine beneath the stinger, characteristic for this family, can be observed.
Robertson Davies
William Robertson Davies CC OOnt FRSL FRSC (28 August 1913 – 2 December 1995) was a Canadian novelist, playwright, critic, journalist, and professor. He was one of Canada's best known and most popular authors and one of its most distinguished "men of letters", a term Davies gladly accepted for himself. Davies was the founding Master of Massey College, a graduate residential college associated with the University of Toronto.

Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada
Fellowship of the Royal Society of Canada (FRSC) is an award granted to individuals that the Royal Society of Canada judges to have "made remarkable contributions in the arts, the humanities and the sciences, as well as in Canadian public life". As of 2020, there are more than 2,000 living Canadian fellows, including scholars, artists, and scientists such as Margaret Atwood, Philip J. Currie, David Suzuki, Brenda Milner, and Demetri Terzopoulos. There are four types of fellowship:

Honorary fellows (a title of honour)

Regularly elected fellows

Specially elected fellows

Foreign fellows (neither residents nor citizens of Canada)
Milena Nekvapilová
Milena Nekvapilová (born 9 May 1977) is a Czech former tennis player.

She has career-high WTA rankings of 214 in singles, achieved on 17 November 1997, and 146 in doubles, set on 22 February 1999. Nekvapilová won four singles titles and 21 doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit.

She made her WTA Tour main-draw debut in the doubles event of the 1999 Belgian Open partnering Hana Šromová.

Nekvapilová retired from professional tennis in 2009.

Hana Šromová
Hana Šromová (born 10 April 1978) is a Czech former tennis player.

Šromová won eight singles and 35 doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit in her career. On 19 June 2006, she reached her best singles ranking of world No. 87. On 24 July 2006, she peaked at No. 63 in the doubles rankings.
Flute Sonata in A major, BWV 1032
The Sonata in A major for transverse flute and harpsichord by Johann Sebastian Bach (BWV 1032) is a sonata in 3 movements:

Movement 1: Vivace (in A major)

Movement 2: Largo e dolce (in A minor, ending with a half cadence)

Movement 3: Allegro (in A major)

Unusually, the second movement is written in the parallel minor (A minor), rather than the relative minor (F-sharp minor) or another closely related key.

The autograph is incomplete, and there are 46 bars missing. There exist reconstructions by various authors.

A major
A major is a major scale based on A, with the pitches A, B, C♯, D, E, F♯, and G♯. Its key signature has three sharps. Its relative minor is F-sharp minor and its parallel minor is A minor.

The A major scale is:

Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The A harmonic major and melodic major scales are:

In the treble, alto, and bass clefs, the G♯ in the key signature is placed higher than C♯. However, in the tenor clef, it would require a ledger line and so G♯ is placed lower than C♯.
2021 Tampere Open
The 2021 Tampere Open was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 39th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2021 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Tampere, Finland, on 19–25 July 2021.

Tampere Open
The Tampere Open is a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It is currently part of the ATP Challenger Tour, and has been held annually at the Tampere Tennis Center in Tampere, Finland, since 2008 (and 2007 for the women's ITF). Prior to that ATP Challenger competition was held at the Pyynikki tennis courts from 1982–2007. It is the longest running ATP organized event on the Challenger Tour, becoming the first tournament to celebrate its 40-year anniversary in 2022.
Pectus excavatum
Pectus excavatum is a structural deformity of the anterior thoracic wall in which the sternum and rib cage are shaped abnormally. This produces a caved-in or sunken appearance of the chest. It can either be present at birth or develop after puberty.

Pectus excavatum can impair cardiac and respiratory function and cause pain in the chest and back.

People with the condition may experience severe negative psychosocial effects and avoid activities that expose the chest.

Costal cartilage
Costal cartilage, also known as rib cartilage, are bars of hyaline cartilage that serve to prolong the ribs forward and contribute to the elasticity of the walls of the thorax. Costal cartilage is only found at the anterior ends of the ribs, providing medial extension.
2009 South African general election
General elections were held in South Africa on 22 April 2009 to elect members of the National Assembly and provincial legislatures. These were the fourth general elections held since the end of the apartheid era.

The North Gauteng High Court ruled on 9 February 2009 that South African citizens living abroad should be allowed to vote in elections. The judgment was confirmed by the Constitutional Court on 12 March 2009, when it decided that overseas voters who were already registered would be allowed to vote. Registered voters who found themselves outside their registered voting districts on election day were also permitted to vote for the national ballot at any voting station in South Africa.

The result was a victory for the ruling African National Congress (ANC), which won 264 of the 400 seats in the National Assembly, a fifteen seat reduction compared to the 2004 elections and losing its two-thirds supermajority. ANC leader Jacob Zuma became president.

No Land! No House! No Vote!
No Land! No House! No Vote! is a campaign by a number of poor people's movements in South Africa that calls for the boycotting of the vote and a general rejection of party politics and vote banking. The name is meant to imply that if government does not deliver on issues important to affected communities (such as land and housing) these movements will not vote.