hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Beat (acoustics)
In acoustics, a beat is an interference pattern between two sounds of slightly different frequencies, perceived as a periodic variation in volume, the rate of which is the difference of the two frequencies.

With tuning instruments that can produce sustained tones, beats can be readily recognized. Tuning two tones to a unison will present a peculiar effect: when the two tones are close in pitch but not identical, the difference in frequency generates the beating. The volume varies as in a tremolo while the sounds alternately interfere constructively and destructively. As the two tones gradually approach unison, the beating slows down and may become so slow as to be imperceptible. As the two tones get further apart, their beat frequency begins approaching the range of human pitch perception, the beating starts to sound like a note, and a combination tone is produced.

Sound
Sound is a phenomenon in which pressure disturbances propagate through a transmission medium. In the context of physics, it is characterised as a mechanical wave of pressure or related quantities (e.g. displacement), whereas in physiological-psychological contexts it refers to the reception of such waves and their perception by the brain. Though sensitivity to sound varies among all organisms, the human ear is sensitive to frequencies ranging from 20 Hz to 20 kHz. Examples of the significance and application of sound include music, medical imaging techniques, oral language and parts of science.
Tainia
Tainia, commonly known as ribbon orchids or 带唇兰属 (dai chun lan shu) is a genus of about thirty species of evergreen, terrestrial orchids in the (family Orchidaceae) distributed from India, China, Japan, Southeast Asia to New Guinea, the Solomon Islands and Queensland.

Tainia trinervis
Tainia trinervis, commonly known as the ribbon orchid, is an evergreen, terrestrial plant with crowded pseudobulbs, each with a single smooth, shiny leaf and up to fourteen greenish to yellowish flowers with red or purplish stripes in the middle. It is found in tropical Southeast Asia, New Guinea and northern Australia.
Aniruddha Guha
Aniruddha Guha is an Indian screenwriter of Hindi films. He is also a former film critic who contributed to leading publications like DNA, The Hindu, Firstpost and Mumbai Mirror.  In 2024, Guha created and wrote the series, Shekhar Home - an adaptation of the Sherlock Holmes stories written by Arthur Conan Doyle. Earlier the same year, he wrote the screenplay of the series, Ranneeti: Balakot & Beyond.  His other screenwriting credits include P.O.W. - Bandi Yuddh Ke, Malang and Rashmi Rocket. At the 67th Filmfare Awards, Guha got a nomination in the category of Best Screenplay for the film Rashmi Rocket.

P.O.W. – Bandi Yuddh Ke
P.O.W. – Bandi Yuddh Ke is an Indian political thriller television series developed by Nikkhil Advani, and is loosely based on the Israeli drama Prisoners of War. The series premiered 7 November 2016 on Star Plus. The show was featured at MAMI film fest followed by a talk with Gideon Raff, who developed Hatufim for Keshet and served as a consultant for this series. It went off-air after four months of its launch due to low viewership. The show streams on the Indian OTT platform MX Player.
2016 Chicago Eagles season
The 2016 Chicago Eagles season was the team's first season and first as a member of Champions Indoor Football (CIF). The Eagles were one of 12 teams in the CIF for the 2016 season, they played in the 6-team Northern Division.

The Eagles played their home games at the UIC Pavilion in Chicago, Illinois, under the direction of head coach Tim Arvanitis.

2016 Champions Indoor Football season
The 2016 Champions Indoor Football season was the second season of the CIF. It started on Saturday, February 27, when the Omaha Beef traveled to Iowa, losing to the Sioux City Bandits 43-38, and the San Angelo Bandits traveled to Kansas to play the Dodge City Law, a game won by Dodge City, 59-37. The regular season concluded on Sunday, June 5, when the Sioux City Bandits traveled to Illinois to play the Bloomington Edge. The Edge won, 48-38.

The league champion was the Wichita Force, who defeated the Amarillo Venom 48-45 in Champions Bowl II. The season MVP was Robert Kent of the Texas Revolution, and the Champions Bowl MVP was Wichita's David Olson.
Shafi Aqeel
Shafi Aqeel (1930 – 6 September 2013) was a Pakistani journalist, writer, poet, art critic and translator.

He had edited and co-edited a number of magazines, and contributed columns on art and literature to the national Urdu language newspaper Daily Jang.

Art critic
An art critic is a person who is specialized in analyzing, interpreting, and evaluating art. Their written critiques or reviews contribute to art criticism and they are published in newspapers, magazines, books, exhibition brochures, and catalogues and on websites. Some of today's art critics use art blogs and other online platforms in order to connect with a wider audience and expand debate.
Viking Tamm
Lieutenant General Viking Sebastian Henricsson Tamm (21 July 1896 – 25 November 1975) was a Swedish Army officer. In addition to the years he served in the Swedish Army, Tamm led a group of Swedish officers who developed the Ethiopian military school's officer training (1934–36 and 1945–46) and he was a volunteer in the Winter War in Finland in 1940 commanding the II. Battlegroup of the Swedish Volunteer Corps. Back in Sweden he eventually became Chief of the Army Staff and the General Staff Corps (1948–53) and commander of the I Military District (1953–61) before retiring as a Lieutenant General in 1961.

General Staff Corps
General Staff Corps (Swedish: Generalstabskåren, Gst) was an administrative corps within the Swedish Armed Forces between 1937 and 1990 and consisted of Swedish Army officers chosen for duty in the Defence Staff and Army Staff. It replaced the earlier General Staff.
2007 Nigerian Senate elections in Kogi State
The 2007 Nigerian Senate election in Kogi State was held on April 21, 2007, to elect members of the Nigerian Senate to represent Kogi State. Nicholas Ugbane representing Kogi East and Smart Adeyemi representing Kogi West won on the platform of Peoples Democratic Party, while Otaru Salihu Ohize representing Kogi Central won on the platform of the Action Congress.

Smart Adeyemi
Smart Adeyemi Listenⓘ (born 18 August 1960 at Iyara in Ijumu Local Government Area of Kogi State ) was elected Senator for the Kogi West constituency of Kogi State, Nigeria, taking office on 29 May 2007. He is a member of the APC. Re-elected as senator for the third time on the 30th of November 2019.
Batang Kali
Batang Kali is a town and mukim in Hulu Selangor District, Selangor, Malaysia. The city is designated as a transit point to Genting Highlands, a renowned resort city. Originally just a small town gaining traction due to the development of Ligamas, Batang Kali is now quickly emerging as one of the fastest-growing suburb in Hulu Selangor District.

Genting Highlands
Genting Highlands is a hill station located on the peak of Mount Ulu Kali in the Titiwangsa Mountains, central  Peninsular Malaysia, at 1800 metres elevation. Located in the state of Pahang, it was established in 1965 by the late Malaysian businessman Lim Goh Tong. The primary tourist attraction is Resorts World Genting, a hill resort where casinos and theme parks are situated and where gambling is permitted. Many of Pahang's skyscrapers can be found here.
Elizabeth Ball (soccer)
Elizabeth Rose Ball (born October 20, 1995) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a defender for the Kansas City Current of the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL). She played college soccer for Penn State and has previously played for the Portland Thorns and Utah Royals.

Kansas City Current
The Kansas City Current are an American professional soccer team based in Kansas City, Missouri, that competes in the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL). It was founded as an expansion team in 2021. The team plays its home games at CPKC Stadium. They reached the NWSL Championship in 2022, finishing as a runner-up. In 2025, they won the NWSL Shield with the best record in the regular season, setting several NWSL team records.
Diocese of Namibia
The Diocese of Namibia is part of the Anglican Church of Southern Africa, which is itself part of the Anglican Communion. The diocese, which covers the whole country of Namibia, was originally known as the Diocese of Damaraland. Most of the Anglicans in Namibia live in Ovamboland in the north of the country and speak the Oshikwanyama language.

Ovamboland
Ovamboland, also referred to as Owamboland, was a Bantustan and later a non-geographic ethnic-based second-tier authority, the Representative Authority of the Ovambos, in South West Africa (present-day Namibia).

The apartheid government stated that the goal was for it to be a self-governing homeland for the Ovambo people. Practically, however, it was intended by the apartheid government as a reservation that forced them into cheap labour by limiting movement; Ovambo men were not allowed outside Ovamboland unless they signed as a contract labourer for 16 months, while women were not allowed out at all.

The term originally referred to the parts of northern Namibia inhabited by the Ovambo ethnic group: namely, the area controlled by the traditional Ovambo kingdoms in pre-colonial and early colonial times, such as Ondonga, Ongandjera, and Oukwanyama. Its endonym is Ovambo ~ Owambo.
Diego Abad de Santillán
Sinesio Baudillo García Fernández (20 May 1897 – 18 October 1983), commonly known by his pseudonym Diego Abad de Santillán, was a Spanish Argentine anarcho-syndicalist economist. Born in León, his family moved to Argentina while he was young. He returned to Spain for his higher education and became involved in the Spanish anarchist movement. After his studies, he went back to Argentina and became involved with the Argentine Regional Workers' Federation (FORA), co-founding the International Workers' Association (IWA). Following the 1930 Argentine coup d'état and the establishment of the Second Spanish Republic, he again went to Spain, becoming involved in the Iberian Anarchist Federation (FAI). During the Spanish Civil War, he served in the Catalan government as Minister of Economy. After the war, he returned to Argentina and largely ceased political activities, going back to Spain only after the Spanish transition to democracy.

1930 Argentine coup d'état
The 1930 Argentine coup d'état, also known as the September Revolution by its supporters, involved the overthrow of the Argentine government of Hipólito Yrigoyen by forces loyal to General José Félix Uriburu. The coup took place on 6 September 1930 when Uriburu led a small detachment of troops into the capital, experiencing no substantial opposition and taking control of the Casa Rosada. Large crowds formed in Buenos Aires in support of the coup. Uriburu's forces took control of the capital and arrested Radical Civic Union supporters.

There were no casualties in the coup. Future Argentinean President Juan Perón took part in the coup on the side of Uriburu.

The coup led to the end of constitutional government in Argentina and the establishment of a military dictatorship. Argentine politics would be characterized by considerable political instability (weak democracies, coups, military dictatorships) into the 1980s.
Feel Special (song)
"Feel Special" is a song recorded by South Korean girl group Twice. It serves as the lead single of the group's eighth EP Feel Special, released through JYP Entertainment on September 23, 2019, along with its music video. It was composed by Hayley Aitken, Min Lee "Collapsedone", Ollipop and Park Jin-young, the latter of whom also wrote the lyrics.

"Feel Special" was an instant hit, debuting at number one on both the Billboard Kpop Hot 100 and World Digital Song Sales. It also debuted in the top ten on South Korea's Gaon Digital Chart, New Zealand's Hot Singles and Japan's Hot 100. The song won seven trophies on several music programs in South Korea, including Inkigayo, M Countdown, and Show! Music Core. In April 2023, the song was certified 2× Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of Japan for surpassing 200 million streams.

Hayley Aitken
Hayley Michelle Aitken (born 11 April 1986) is an Australian pop singer-songwriter and record  producer who also performs mononymously as Hayley. She had a top 40 hit on the ARIA Singles Chart with her second single, "Kiss Me Quick" (July 2002). Aitken has worked as a songwriter or producer for other artists, and is a prolific producer for many K-pop artists.
Qurtuba University
Qurtuba University (QU) is a private educational institution established in Pakistan in 2001. Qurtuba is the Arabic variation of the name of the formerly Al-Andalus  and current Spanish city of Córdoba. It has two campuses in Dera Ismail Khan and Peshawar, Pakistan. Both are separately recognized and placed in the highest 'W3' category by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan (HEC). It has seventh position among universities of Pakistan by the HEC rankings. It is chartered by the Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and approved by the HEC.

Qurtuba University of Science and Information Technology is one of the pioneer private sector universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

Dera Ismail Khan
Dera Ismail Khan (/deɪrʌ-ɪsmaɪ.iːl-xɑːn/; Saraiki: ڈیرہ اسماعیل خان, Pashto: ډېره اسماعيل خان), abbreviated as D.I. Khan, is a city and headquarters of Dera Ismail Khan District, located in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It is the 10th largest city of Pakistan and third or fourth largest in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa by population. Dera Ismail Khan is situated on the west bank of the Indus River, at its junction with the Gomal River.

It is 300 kilometres (190 mi) south of the provincial capital Peshawar, and 230 kilometres (140 mi) northwest of Multan, Punjab.
Ron Weidberg
Ron Weidberg (Hebrew: רון וידברג; born 1953 in Tel Aviv) is an Israeli composer, musicologist, and pianist. His works have been performed by the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra and the Israel Camerata Jerusalem, among others.

Noam Sheriff
Noam Sheriff (Hebrew: נׂעם שריף; 7 January 1935 – (2018-08-25)25 August 2018) was an Israeli composer, conductor, educator, and arranger.

Noam Sheriff was Artistic Director of the Kibbutz Chamber Orchestra, Music Director of the Israel Rishon LeZion Symphony Orchestra, Professor of Composition and Conducting at the Samuel Rubin Academy of Music at Tel Aviv University, and Director of the Academy from 1998 to 2000. He was also artistic director of the Israel Chamber Orchestra and the Haifa Symphony Orchestra.
MERS outbreak
Since 2012, an outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus has affected several countries, primarily in its namesake, the Middle East. The virus, which causes Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), is a novel coronavirus that was first identified in a patient from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia on 6 June 2012.

Sporadic cases, small clusters, and large outbreaks have been reported in 24 countries, with over 2,600 cases of the virus and over 900 deaths, as of 2021.

2015 MERS outbreak in South Korea
An outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus occurred in South Korea from May 2015 to July 2015. The virus, which causes Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), was a newly emerged betacoronavirus that was first identified in a patient from Saudi Arabia in April 2012. From the outbreak, a total of 910 cases were infected in the country, with a death toll of 89.
The Key (Vince Gill album)
The Key is the eighth studio album from American country music artist Vince Gill. It was released in 1998 on MCA Nashville. It features the singles "If You Ever Have Forever in Mind," "Kindly Keep It Country," "Don't Come Cryin' to Me" (an uncredited duet with Dawn Sears) and "My Kind of Woman/My Kind of Man." This final track was also included on Patty Loveless's 1999 compilation album, Classics. This was Gill's first No. 1 Country Album.

Dawn Sears
Dawn Sears (born Dawn Marie Skari; December 7, 1961 – December 11, 2014) was an American country music singer. In addition to her work as a backing vocalist in Vince Gill's band, she recorded four solo studio albums, of which two were released on major labels. She had one single that charted on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts.
Frank Morrissey
Francis Joseph Morrissey (March 11, 1899 – November 19, 1968) was an American football player and coach. He played college football at Boston College from 1917 and 1920 and served as head football coach in 1918.

Morrissey was born in Boston, Massachusetts.  After graduating from Medford High School in Medford, Massachusetts, he played football for the Boston College Eagles from 1917 to 1920. Morrissey was the captain of the varsity team from 1918 to 1920 and served as head coach in 1918 when Charles Brickley left BC to join the United States Navy Reserve. Morrissey also played baseball and ice hockey as Boston College.

Morrissey died on November 19, 1968, at Lankenau Hospital in Wynnewood, Pennsylvania.

Charles Brickley
Charles Edward Brickley (November 24, 1891 – December 28, 1949) was an American football player and coach. He was a two-time All-American at Harvard and set college football records for career and single-season field goals. He then served as the head football coach at the Johns Hopkins University in 1915 and Boston College from 1916 to 1917 and coached the New York Brickley Giants of the American Professional Football Association—now the National Football League—in 1921. He also competed the triple jump at the 1912 Summer Olympics.
Kim Woo-taek
Kim Woo-taek (Korean: 김우택; born (1964-07-04)July 4, 1964) is a South Korean producer and entertainment executive. He is the founder and current chairman of Next Entertainment World (NEW), which started as a film investment and distribution company and expanded into the musical, record, and drama business. Kim establishing himself as a prominent content producer in South Korea after producing major hit with the drama Descendants of the Sun, as well as film Miracle in Cell No. 7 and Train to Busan, which garnered 10 million viewers.

Kim's name made into the shortlist of Cine21 magazine's '50 Most Powerful Men in Korean Cinema' for seven consecutive years, spanning from 2001 to 2007.

Miracle in Cell No. 7
Miracle in Cell No. 7 (Korean: 7번방의 선물) is a 2013 South Korean comedy drama film starring Ryu Seung-ryong, Kal So-won and Park Shin-hye. The film is about a developmentally disabled man wrongfully imprisoned for murder, who builds friendships with the hardened criminals in his cell, who in return help him see his daughter again by smuggling her into the prison.

The movie is based on the real-life story of a man who was tortured and pleaded guilty under duress to the rape and murder of a 9-year-old girl on September 27, 1972 in Chuncheon before being finally exonerated in November 2008. Its early working title was December 23 (12월 23일).
Junk rig
The junk rig, also known as the Chinese lugsail, Chinese balanced lug sail, or sampan rig, is a type of sail rig in which rigid members, called battens, span the full width of the sail and extend the sail forward of the mast. While relatively uncommon in use among modern production sailboats, the rig's advantages of easier use and lower maintenance for blue-water cruisers have been explored by individuals such as trans-Atlantic racer Herbert "Blondie" Hasler and author Annie Hill.

Boom (sailing)
In sailing, a boom is a spar (pole), along the foot of a fore and aft rigged sail, that greatly improves control of the angle and shape of the sail. The primary action of the boom is to keep the foot flatter when the sail angle is away from the centerline of the boat.  The boom also serves as an attachment point for more sophisticated control lines.  Because of the improved sail control it is rare to find a non-headsail without a boom, but lateen sails, for instance, are loose-footed. In some modern applications, the sail is rolled up into the boom for storage or reefing (shortening sail).
Photon-induced electric field poling
In physics, photon-induced electric field poling is a phenomenon whereby a pattern of local electric field orientations can be encoded in a suitable ferroelectric material, such as perovskite. The resulting encoded material is conceptually similar to the pattern of magnetic field orientations within the magnetic domains of a ferromagnet, and thus may be considered a possible technology for computer storage media.  The encoded regions are optically active (have a varying index of refraction) and thus may be "read out" optically.

Perovskite
Perovskite (pronunciation: /pəˈrɒvskaɪt/) is an orthorhombic calcium titanium oxide mineral composed of calcium titanate (chemical formula CaTiO3). Its name is also applied to the class of compounds which have the same type of crystal structure as CaTiO3, known as the perovskite structure, which has a general chemical formula A2+B4+(X2−)3 for chalcogen (group 16) perovskites, or A1+B2+(X1−)3 for the halogen (group 17) perovskites (the kind typically found in modern photovoltaics like photodiodes and solar panels). Many different cations can be embedded in this structure, allowing the development of diverse engineered materials.
Tolmi
Tolmi (foaled 23 March 1978) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare. She won both her races in 1980, including the Princess Margaret Stakes before her season was curtailed by illness and injury, and was rated the equal-best two-year-old filly in Europe. In the following year she was narrowly beaten in the Classic 1000 Guineas before winning the Coronation Stakes at Royal Ascot. After finishing second in her three remaining races she was retired to stud, where her record as a dam of winners was disappointing.

1000 Guineas Stakes
The 1000 Guineas Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to three-year-old fillies. It is run on the Rowley Mile at Newmarket over a distance of 1 mile (1,609 metres), and takes place each year in late April or early May on the Sunday following the 2000 Guineas Stakes.

It is the second of Britain's five Classic races, and the first of two restricted to fillies. It can also serve as the opening leg of the Fillies Triple Crown, followed by the Oaks and the St Leger, but the feat of winning all three is rarely attempted.
Treblinka labor camp
The Treblinka labor camp (officially Der SS- und Polizeiführer im Distrikt Warschau Arbeitslager Treblinka, commonly known as Treblinka I) was a German Nazi labor camp operating from September 1941 to 23 July 1944. It was located in Gmina Kosów Lacki in the Sokołów County, along the Siedlce–Sokołów Podlaski–Małkinia railway line, near the village and railway station of Treblinka, from which it derived its name.

The camp primarily detained men and women accused of economic and criminal offenses, as well as victims of łapankas and raids. Initially, Polish inmates from the Warsaw District predominated, but over time, the number of Jewish prisoners increased. Inmates mainly worked in a gravel pit adjacent to the camp. Overall, approximately 20,000 people passed through the camp, of whom about 10,000 died or were murdered.

Sokołów Podlaski
Sokołów Podlaski [sɔˈkɔwuf pɔˈdlaskʲi] is a town in Poland, in Masovian Voivodeship, about 80 kilometres (50 miles) east of Warsaw. The town lies on the Cetynia river, in the historical region of Podlachia and is the capital of Sokołów County. The first settlement was in the 6th century and the town received its charter in 1424. The population in 2004 was 18,434 (18,481 in 2010 and 18,720 in 2013).