hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Adam Brown (music educator)
Adam Brown (born August 21, 1981) is an American drummer and music educator from Cincinnati, Ohio.  He started his formal music education in elementary school and continued while a student in Fairfield High School in Ohio.  After graduating Summa Cum Laude in high school, he went on to  earn a music scholarship at the University of North Texas and graduated with a Bachelor of Music in Music Education.  Brown earned his Master of Science in Education Summa Cum Laude from Walden University.  He is most known as a musical director for Royal Caribbean International, drummer and musical director for Anna Fegi-Brown, and owner and chief operating officer of Brown Academy of Music located in Cebu City. Philippines.

Concert band
A concert band, also called a wind band, wind ensemble, wind symphony, wind orchestra, symphonic band,  symphonic winds, or symphonic wind ensemble, is a performing ensemble consisting of members of the woodwind, brass, and percussion families of instruments, and occasionally including the piano, double bass, and harp. On rare occasions, additional, non-traditional instruments may be added to such ensembles such as synthesizer, electric guitar, and bass guitar.

Concert band music generally includes original wind compositions, concert marches, transcriptions of orchestral arrangements, light music, and popular music. Though the concert band does have similar instrumentation to the marching band, a marching band's main purpose is to perform while marching. In contrast, a concert band usually performs as a stationary ensemble, though European ensembles often do both.
Compa-ratio
The formula commonly used by compensation professionals to assess the competitiveness of an employee's pay level involves calculating a compa-ratio.  Compa-ratio is the short form for comparative ratio.

Remuneration
Remuneration is the pay or other financial compensation provided in exchange for an employee's services performed (not to be confused with giving (away), or donating, or the act of providing to). Remuneration is one component of reward management. In the UK, it can also refer to the automatic division of profits attributable to members in a Limited Liability Partnership (LLP).
Oldisleben
Oldisleben (German pronunciation: [ˈɔldɪsˌleːbn̩]) is a village and a former municipality in the district Kyffhäuserkreis, in Thuringia, Germany. Since 1 January 2019, it is part of the town An der Schmücke.

Kyffhäuserkreis
The Kyffhäuserkreis is a district in the northern part of Thuringia, Germany. Neighboring districts are the districts Mansfeld-Südharz, Saalekreis and Burgenlandkreis in Saxony-Anhalt, and the districts Sömmerda, Unstrut-Hainich-Kreis and Eichsfeld.
Serbo-Croatian phonology
Serbo-Croatian is a South Slavic language with four national standards. The Eastern Herzegovinian Neo-Shtokavian dialect forms the basis for Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin, and Serbian (the four national standards). Standard Serbo-Croatian has 30 phonemes according to the traditional analysis: 25 consonants and 5 vowels (or 10, if long vowels are analysed as distinct phonemes). It features four types of pitch accent, although it is not the characteristics of all dialects.

Postalveolar consonant
Postalveolar (post-alveolar) consonants are consonants articulated with the tongue near or touching the back of the alveolar ridge. Articulation is farther back in the mouth than the alveolar consonants, which are at the ridge itself, but not as far back as the hard palate, the place of articulation for palatal consonants. Examples of postalveolar consonants are the English palato-alveolar consonants [ʃ] [tʃ] [ʒ] [dʒ], as in the words "ship", "'chill", "vision", and "jump", respectively.

There are many types of postalveolar sounds—especially among the sibilants. The three primary types are palato-alveolar (such as [ʃ ʒ], weakly palatalized; also alveopalatal), alveolo-palatal (such as [ɕ ʑ], strongly palatalized), and retroflex (such as [ʂ ʐ], unpalatalized). The palato-alveolar and alveolo-palatal subtypes are commonly counted as "palatals" in phonology since they rarely contrast with true palatal consonants.
Shakespeare in Delaware Park
Shakespeare in Delaware Park is one of the largest free outdoor Shakespeare festivals in the country which takes place during summer months in Delaware Park located in the city of Buffalo, New York.  The festival attracts about 40,000 audience members each year.

Productions are performed for the public at no cost in Buffalo's Delaware Park, designed by Frederick Law Olmsted. Over 76 productions have been mounted in the 44 years that Shakespeare in Delaware Park has been running, with plays ranging from tragedies such as Romeo and Juliet, comedies like The Taming of the Shrew, and histories such as Henry IV (parts 1 and 2). The majority of actors come from the Buffalo area, and performances run Tuesday through Sunday from June through August, with dates varying each year. The shows are always performed in the evening, beginning at 7:15pm.

Shakespeare in Delaware Park is a not-for-profit, professional theatre company.

Shakespeare in the Park (New York City)
Shakespeare in the Park (or Free Shakespeare in the Park) is a theatrical program that stages productions of Shakespeare plays at the Delacorte Theater, an open-air theater in New York City's Central Park. The theater and the productions are managed by The Public Theater and tickets are distributed free of charge on the day of the performance. Originally branded as the New York Shakespeare Festival (NYSF) under the direction of Joseph Papp, the institution was renamed in 2002 as part of a larger reorganization by the Public Theater.
2023 Western Michigan Broncos football team
The 2023 Western Michigan Broncos football team represented Western Michigan University in the 2023 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Broncos played their home games at Waldo Stadium in Kalamazoo, Michigan, and competed in the West Division of the Mid-American Conference (MAC). They were led by first-year head coach Lance Taylor who was the offensive coordinator for Louisville in 2022.  They finished the season 4–8 and 3–5 in conference play The Western Michigan Broncos football team drew an average home attendance of 17,619 in 2023.

Waldo Stadium
Waldo Stadium is a stadium in Kalamazoo, Michigan. It is primarily used for football, and has been the home of Western Michigan University Broncos football in rudimentary form since 1914, and as a complete stadium since 1939. It currently has a seating capacity of 30,200 spectators.
Bianna
In Greek mythology, Bianna (Ancient Greek: Βίαννα, romanized: Bíanna) was a young unmarried woman from Biennus (modern Viannos) in Crete, according to Stephanus of Byzantium. After a famine forced a mass emigration, she was among those who fled to an area of Gaul along the river Rhône. During a dance, a chasm opened up in the earth and engulfed her.

According to legend, their companions gave her name to a place, Bienna, which later became the capital of the Celtic Allobroges (Vienne in the Dauphiné).

Allobroges
The Allobroges (Gaulish: *Allobrogis, 'foreigner, exiled'; Ancient Greek: Ἀλλοβρίγων, Ἀλλόβριγες) were a Gallic people dwelling in a large territory between the Rhône river and the Alps during the Iron Age and the Roman period.

The Allobroges came relatively late to Gaul compared to most other tribes of Gallia Narbonensis; they first appear in historical records in connection with Hannibal's crossing of the Alps in 218 BC. Their territory was subsequently annexed to Rome in 121 BC by Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus and Quintus Fabius Maximus Allobrogicus. An attempted revolt was crushed by Gaius Pomptinus in 61 BC. However, they had rejected the second Catilinarian conspiracy in 63 BC. During the Gallic Wars, the Allobroges did not side with Vercingetorix at the Battle of Alesia in 52 BC.
Check dam
A check dam is a small, sometimes temporary, dam constructed across a swale, drainage ditch, or waterway to counteract erosion by reducing water flow velocity. Check dams themselves are not a type of new technology; rather, they are an ancient technique dating from the second century AD. Check dams are typically, though not always, implemented in a system of several dams situated at regular intervals across the area of interest.

Infiltration (hydrology)
Infiltration is the process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil. It is commonly used in both hydrology and soil sciences. The infiltration capacity is defined as the maximum rate of infiltration. It is most often measured in meters per day but can also be measured in other units of distance over time if necessary.  The infiltration capacity decreases as the soil moisture content of soils surface layers increases. If the precipitation rate exceeds the infiltration rate, runoff will usually occur unless there is some physical barrier.

Infiltrometers, parameters and rainfall simulators are all devices that can be used to measure infiltration rates.

Infiltration is caused by multiple factors including; gravity, capillary forces, absorption, and osmosis. Many soil characteristics can also play a role in determining the rate at which infiltration occurs. When it rains, excess water can drain through the soil at macropores.
A Dictionary of the Chinese Language
A Dictionary of the Chinese Language, in Three Parts or Morrison's Chinese dictionary (1815-1823), compiled by the Anglo-Scottish missionary Robert Morrison was the first Chinese-English, English-Chinese dictionary. Part I is Chinese-English arranged by the 214 Kangxi radicals, Part II is Chinese-English arranged alphabetically, and Part III is English-Chinese also arranged alphabetically. This groundbreaking reference work is enormous, comprising 4,595 pages in 6 quarto volumes and including 47,035 head characters taken from the 1716 Kangxi Dictionary. However, Morrison's encyclopedic dictionary had flaws, notably failing to distinguish aspirated consonants: the pronunciation taou is given for both aspirated táo (桃, "peach") and unaspirated dào (道, "way; the Tao").

Standard Chinese phonology
The phonology of Standard Chinese has historically derived from the Beijing dialect of Mandarin. However, pronunciation varies widely among speakers, who may introduce elements of their local varieties. Television and radio announcers are chosen for their ability to affect a standard accent. The sound system has not only segments—i.e. vowels and consonants—but also tones, and each syllable has one. In addition to the four main tones, there is a neutral tone that appears on weak syllables.

This article uses the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) to compare the phonetic values corresponding to syllables romanized with pinyin.
Toni Harp
Toni Nathaniel Harp (born August 6, 1947) is an American politician who served as the 50th Mayor of New Haven, Connecticut. Harp, a Democrat, was previously a state senator in Connecticut from 1993 to 2013. A resident of New Haven, Harp represented the western half of the city as well as part of West Haven while in the Connecticut Senate.

West Haven, Connecticut
West Haven is a city in New Haven County, Connecticut, United States, located on the coast of Long Island Sound. The city is part of the South Central Connecticut Planning Region. At the 2020 census, the population of the city was 55,584.
Shlomo Bar-Aba
Shlomo Bar-Aba (Hebrew: שלמה בראבא; born July 11, 1950) is an Israeli comedian, actor, dubber and TV host.
Since 1978 he has been acting in the long-running Israeli entertainment television program Zehu Ze! (That's It!). He also regularly appeared in many Israeli theatres, TV shows, and in film. winner of an Ophir Award for his role in the film "Footnote" and two Television Academy Awards for his roles in the series "Uri and Ella" and the series "Six Zeros".

Habima Theatre
The Habima Theatre (Hebrew: תיאטרון הבימה Te'atron HaBima, lit. "The Stage Theatre") is the national theatre of Israel and one of the first Hebrew language theatres. It is located in Habima Square in the center of Tel Aviv.
Juan Lagares
Juan Osvaldo Lagares (born March 17, 1989) is a Dominican former professional baseball center fielder. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the New York Mets, Los Angeles Angels, and in the KBO League for the SSG Landers. Known for his defensive prowess, he won the National League Gold Glove Award in 2014.

Las Vegas Aviators
The  Las Vegas Aviators, formerly known as the Las Vegas 51s and Las Vegas Stars, are a Minor League Baseball team of the Pacific Coast League (PCL) and the Triple-A affiliate of the Athletics. They are located in Summerlin South, Nevada, a community in Las Vegas. The Aviators play their home games at Las Vegas Ballpark, a 10,000-seat facility which opened in 2019. The team previously played at Cashman Field from 1983 to 2018.

The team has been members of the Pacific Coast League since 1983, including the 2021 season when it was known as the Triple-A West. They won the PCL championship as the Stars in 1986 and 1988 and again in 2025 as the Aviators.
Autophony
Autophony (also tympanophony) is the unusually loud hearing of a person's own voice.

Possible causes include:

The "occlusion effect", caused by an object, such as an unvented hearing aid or a plug of ear wax, blocking the ear canal and reflecting sound vibration back towards the eardrum.

Serous otitis media

Open or patulous Eustachian tube, allowing vocal or breathing sounds to be conducted into the middle ear

Superior canal dehiscence, which can lead to an abnormally amplified bone conduction of sound into the inner ear. Persons with superior canal dehiscence syndrome (SCDS) typically hear not only their own voice but also heartbeat, footsteps, chewing, intestinal sounds and possibly even the sound of their eye movements when reading.

Ear canal
The ear canal (external acoustic meatus, external auditory meatus, EAM) is a pathway running from the outer ear to the middle ear. The adult human ear canal extends from the auricle to the eardrum and is about 2.5 centimetres (1 in) in length and 0.7 centimetres (0.3 in) in diameter.
Anglo-Saxon riddles
Anglo-Saxon riddles are a significant genre of Anglo-Saxon literature. The riddle was a major, prestigious literary form in early medieval England, and riddles were written both in Latin and Old English verse. The pre-eminent composer of Latin riddles in early medieval England was Aldhelm (d. 709), while the Old English verse riddles found in the tenth-century Exeter Book include some of the most famous Old English poems.

Symphosius
Symphosius (sometimes, in older scholarship and less properly, Symposius) was the author of the Aenigmata, an influential collection of 100 Latin riddles, probably from the late antique period. They have been transmitted along with their solutions.
Maianbar
Maianbar is a village on the outskirts of southern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia 29 kilometres south of the Sydney central business district. It is part of the Sutherland Shire.

Maianbar is adjacent to the village of Bundeena, less than kilometre away and linked by a bush track, and footbridge. It lies on the southern side of Port Hacking, opposite the suburbs of Burraneer, Dolans Bay, Port Hacking, Lilli Pilli and Cronulla. Maianbar is surrounded by the Royal National Park.

Cronulla
Cronulla is a suburb of Sydney, Australia. Boasting numerous surf beaches and swimming spots, the suburb attracts both tourists and Greater Sydney residents. Cronulla is 26 kilometres south of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the Sutherland Shire.

Cronulla is on a peninsula framed by Botany Bay to the north, Bate Bay to the east, Port Hacking to the south, and Gunnamatta Bay to the west. The neighbouring suburb of Woolooware lies to the west of Cronulla, and Burraneer lies to the southwest. The Kurnell peninsula, the site of the first landfall on the eastern coastline made by Captain James Cook in 1770, is reached by driving northeast out of Cronulla on Captain Cook Drive.
Antonio Martínez (footballer, born 1990)
Antonio Martínez Felipe (born 7 March 1990) is a Spanish former footballer who played as a midfielder.

Martínez played most of his career in Spain in the Segunda División and the Primera Federación, apart from one spell in the Kuwait Premier League.

2011–12 Segunda División B
The 2011–12 Segunda División B season was the 35th since its establishment within the Spanish football league system. The first matches of the season were played on 20 August 2011, and the season ended on 24 June 2012 with the promotion play-off finals.
2012–13 VfL Osnabrück season
The 2012–13 VfL Osnabrück season was the 114th season in the club's football history. In 2012–13 the club played in the 3. Liga, the third tier of German football. It was the club's second consecutive season in this league, having been relegated from the 2. Bundesliga in 2011.

The club also took part in the 2012–13 edition of the Lower Saxony Cup, having reached the quarter-finals against fourth division side TSV Havelse after a 3–2 win over SV Meppen. In the quarter-finals, they won against TSV Havelse 6–5 by penalties to reach the semi-finals.

They finished the 2012–13 season in third position, gaining the spot to play in the 2. Bundesliga relegation playoff game. They faced Dynamo Dresden but lost in the away leg, making the aggregate score of 1–2, thus making them still in the 3. Liga.

2012–13 3. Liga
The 2012–13 3. Liga was the fifth season of the 3. Liga, Germany's third-level football league. The season began on the weekend of 21 July 2012 and ended with the last games on 18 May 2013, with a winter break held between the weekends around 15 December 2012 and 26 January 2013.

The league consisted of twenty teams: The teams placed fourth through seventeenth of the 2011–12 season, the worst two teams from the 2011–12 2nd Bundesliga, the three division champions of the 2011–12 Fußball-Regionalliga and the losers of the relegation play-off between the 16th-placed 2nd Bundesliga team and the third-placed 3rd Liga team.
74th Reconnaissance Squadron
The 74th Reconnaissance Squadron is an active United States Air Force unit, part of the 9th Reconnaissance Wing at Beale Air Force Base, California.  The squadron was first active during World War II as the 74th Aero Squadron.  In 1933 it was consolidated with the 74th Pursuit Squadron, which had been organized as a reserve training organization in 1927, activating in the Panama Canal Zone, where it served during World War II as the 74th Bombardment Squadron.

During the Korean War, the squadron was redesignated the 135th Bombardment Squadron and assigned to the 106th Bombardment Wing, a federalized Air National Guard unit, at March Air Force Base, California.  It was inactivated on 1 December 1952 when the 106th Wing was returned to the National Guard and replaced by the regular 320th Bombardment Wing.  The squadron was reactivated as a reconnaissance unit in December 2019.

Douglas B-18 Bolo
The Douglas B-18 Bolo is an American twin-engined medium bomber which served with the United States Army Air Corps and the Royal Canadian Air Force (as the Digby) during the late 1930s and early 1940s. The Bolo was developed by the Douglas Aircraft Company from their DC-2 as a replacement for the Martin B-10.

By 1940 standards, it was slow, had an inadequate defensive armament, and carried too small a bomb load. By 1942, surviving B-18s were relegated to antisubmarine, training and transport duties. A B-18 was one of the first USAAF aircraft to sink a German U-boat, U-654 on 22 August 1942 in the Caribbean.
Haval H5
The Haval H5, also known as the Great Wall Haval H5 and Hover H5 for the first generation model, is a compact sport utility vehicle (SUV) from June 2010 to 2020 and full-size SUV from 2023 produced by the Chinese manufacturer Great Wall Motor. It uses a body-on-frame construction, with rear-wheel-drive and selectable four-wheel-drive, and is available with either gasoline or diesel engines.

Rear-wheel drive
Rear-wheel drive (RWD) is a form of engine and transmission layout used in motor vehicles, in which the engine drives the rear wheels only. Until the late 20th century, rear-wheel drive was the most common configuration for cars. 
Most rear-wheel drive vehicles feature a longitudinally-mounted engine at the front of the car.
Euro-Arab Dialogue
Launched in early 1970 and based largely on the Arab policy of France, the idea of a Euro-Arab dialogue took shape in 1973 following the Yom Kippur War and the first oil shock, thanks to French President Georges Pompidou and his Foreign Minister, Michel Jobert. The parties were the European Economic Community and the Arab League.

The aim was to thoroughly review the very nature of Euro-Arab relations and to achieve an overhaul of relations between the partners, on the basis of equality and respect for the interests of each. At the same time, the Euro-Arab dialogue had a strong political content, which aimed to create Euro-Arab cooperation against the United States and to put pressure on Israel.

The Euro-Arab dialogue is a central part of Bat Ye'or's "Eurabia" conspiracy theory.

Bat Ye'or
Gisèle Littman (née Orebi; born 1933), better known by her pen name Bat Ye'or (Hebrew: בת יאור, Daughter of the Nile), is an Egyptian-born, British-Swiss author, known for her promulgation of the Eurabia conspiracy theory. She claims that Islam, and its perceived anti-Americanism, anti-Christian sentiment and antisemitism hold sway over European culture and politics.

Ye'or has also written about the history of Christian and Jewish religious minorities living under Islamic governments, as part of which Ye'or has popularised the term dhimmitude to define the treatment of religious minorities in such contexts.
Jaqueline Carvalho
Jaqueline Maria Pereira de Carvalho Endres (born December 31, 1983) is a Brazilian volleyball player, a member of the Brazilian team that won the Olympic Games at Beijing 2008 and London 2012. She currently plays for the Esporte Clube Pinheiros team.

2011 Women's South American Volleyball Club Championship
The 2011 Women's South American Volleyball Club Championship was the third official edition of the women's volleyball tournament, played by four teams over August 5–7, 2011 in José Liberatti Gymnassium in Osasco, Brazil.
Kittelsthal Dripstone Cave
Kittelsthal Dripstone Cave (German: Kittelsthaler Tropfsteinhöhle) is a cave in the Thuringian Forest. It is located in the Kittelsthal district of the town of Ruhla in the Wartburg district. The cave is accessible via a former mine. The total length is 726 meters; during guided tours it is walked along a length of 158 meters. One reaches the cave, which is 48 meters lower, via 228 steps. The first natural cavities were discovered in 1888. In 1894 it was turned into a show cave and opened in 1896. Between 1968 and 1992 there were no guided tours in the cave.

Stalactite
A stalactite (UK: /ˈstæləkˌtaɪt/, US: /stəˈlæktaɪt/; from Ancient Greek  σταλακτός (stalaktós) 'dripping', from  σταλάσσειν (stalássein) 'to drip') is a mineral formation that hangs from the ceiling of caves, hot springs, or man-made structures such as bridges and mines. Any material that is soluble and that can be deposited as a colloid, or is in suspension, or is capable of being melted, may form a stalactite. Stalactites may be composed of lava, minerals, mud, peat, pitch, sand, sinter, and amberat (crystallized urine of pack rats). A stalactite is not necessarily a speleothem, though speleothems are the most common form of stalactite because of the abundance of limestone caves.

The corresponding formation on the floor of the cave is known as a stalagmite.
Dizjan, Semirom
Dizjan (Persian: ديزجان, also Romanized as Dīzjān; also known as Dezkān and Dīzkān) is a village in Vardasht Rural District, in the Central District of Semirom County, Isfahan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 359, in 89 families.

Vardasht Rural District
Vardasht Rural District (Persian: دهستان وردشت) is in Vardasht District of Semirom County, Isfahan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Varaq. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Fathabad.