hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Borndiep-class minesweeper
The Borndiep class was a ship class of 10 minesweepers that served between 1946 and 1962 in the Royal Netherlands Navy (RNN). They were former British Yard Mine Sweepers (BYMS) that were transferred from the Royal Navy to the RNN in 1946.

BYMS-class minesweeper
The BYMS class was a class of wooden motor minesweepers, part of the United States Navy YMS-1 class minesweepers. One hundred fifty ships destined for the United Kingdom were launched from 1941 to 1943.
Confederation of Independent Trade Unions of Bulgaria
The Confederation of Independent Trade Unions of Bulgaria (KNSB/CITUB; Bulgarian: Конфедерация на независимите синдикати в България, romanized: Konfederatsiya na nezavisimite sindikati v Balgariya) is a trade union confederation in Bulgaria. The CITUB is Bulgaria's largest, most influential and well-established trade union, having several times more members than its largest rival - KT Podkrepa.

The KNSB is affiliated with the International Trade Union Confederation and the European Trade Union Confederation.

In addition to its unionist activities, the CITUB also has a research department dubbed the Institute for Social and Syndicalist Studies, which analyzes social and economic issues, conducts polls and publishes informational bulletins.

European Trade Union Confederation
The European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC) is the major trade union organisation representing workers at the European level. In its role as a European social partner, the ETUC works both in a consulting role with the European Commission and negotiates agreements and work programmes with European employers. It coordinates the national and sectoral policies of its affiliates on social and economic matters, particularly in the framework of the EU institutional processes, including European economic governance and the European Semester.
Shaun Chamberlin
Shaun Chamberlin is an author and activist, based in London, England. He is the author of The Transition Timeline, co-author of several other books including What We Are Fighting For, chair of the Ecological Land Co-operative, and was one of the earliest Extinction Rebellion arrestees.

He is also known for his collaboration with the late David Fleming, having brought his award-winning lifework Lean Logic to posthumous publication and drawn from it the paperback Surviving the Future.

He then served as executive producer on Peter William Armstrong's 2020 feature film about Fleming's legacy - The Sequel: What Will Follow Our Troubled Civilisation? - before founding the 'Surviving the Future: Conversations for Our Time' online community.

Rob Hopkins
Rob Hopkins (born 24 June 1968) is an English environmental activist and writer, based in Totnes, England. He is best known as the founder and figurehead of the Transition movement, which he initiated in 2005. Hopkins has written six books on environmentalism and activism.

According to Bill McKibben, "there’s no one on earth who's just done more [environmental] stuff – and inspired more doing – than Rob Hopkins".
Saint Mary Central
Saint Mary Central is a parliamentary constituency represented in the Parliament of Jamaica. It elects one Member of Parliament by the first past the post system of election. The constituency covers the central part of Saint Mary Parish.

Constituencies of Jamaica
Jamaica's fourteen parishes are subdivided into sixty-three constituencies. The country follows the Westminster system and elects sixty-three Members of Parliament (MPs) to the Jamaica House of Representatives.
Paikallislehti Sisä-Savo
Paikallislehti Sisä-Savo is a Finnish newspaper published by Savon Media Oy. It was established in 1965.

The newspaper is published every Tuesday and Thursday.

In 2014, the circulation was 6479 in 2014. The paper came out 2 times per week and was delivered in the municipalities of Rautalampi, Suonenjoki, Tervo, Vesanto and Karttula.

Tervo
Tervo is a municipality of Finland. It is located in the former province of Eastern Finland and is part of the North Savo region. The municipality has a population of 1,398 (30 June 2025), making it North Savo's least populous municipality. It covers an area of 494.30 square kilometres (190.85 sq mi) of which 30%, or 146.52 km2 (56.57 sq mi), is water. The population density is 4.02 inhabitants per square kilometre (10.4/sq mi).

Neighbouring municipalities are Keitele, Kuopio, Maaninka, Pielavesi, Rautalampi, Suonenjoki, and Vesanto. Summer cottages are as prevalent as households. The municipality is unilingually Finnish.
Chikmagalur
Chikmagalur (officially Chikkamagaluru, IPA: [t͡ʃikːɐmɐɡɐɭuːru]), previously known as Kiriya-Muguli, is a city and the headquarters of Chikmagalur district in the Indian state of Karnataka. Located on the foothills of the Chandra Drona Mountain range of the Western Ghats, the city attracts tourists from around the world for its pleasant and favourable hill station climate, tropical rainforest and coffee estates. The pristine Baba Budangiri lies to the north of Chikmagalur, where it is believed that Baba Budan first introduced coffee to India.

Hubli
Hubli, officially Hubballi, is a city in the Indian state of Karnataka. The twin cities Hubli–Dharwad form the second largest municipality and urban agglomeration of Karnataka in terms of area and population and the largest city in North Karnataka. Hubli is in Dharwad district of Karnataka and is the taluk headquarters of Hubli City and Hubli Rural. Although it hosts the Hubli-Dharwad Municipal Corporation, the district headquarters is in Dharwad.

It also houses the largest number of government offices outside the state capital. In 2016, Hubli-Dharwad was selected for solar city / green city master plans. In 2017, government of India included Hubli-Dharwad city for a smart city project, a flagship scheme for overall development of infrastructure in the twin-cities.
Halal Science Center, Chulalongkorn University
The Halal Science Center is an instructional center and network of laboratories in Thailand dedicated to maintaining the standards of halal, an Arabic term which designates acceptable objects or actions in Islam and is frequently used in reference to allowed foods. It is the primary network dedicated to halal science in Thailand and, according to the Malaysian Halal Journal, who gave it a Best Innovation in Halal Industry award in 2006, "the first dedicated Halal Science institution in the world."

Islamic dietary laws
Islamic dietary laws are laws that Muslims follow in their diet. Islamic jurisprudence specifies which foods are halal (Arabic: حَلَال, romanized: ḥalāl, lit. 'lawful') and which are haram (Arabic: حَرَام, romanized: ḥarām, lit. 'unlawful'). The dietary laws are found in the Quran, the holy book of Islam, as well as in collections of traditions attributed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

Herbivores, cud-chewing animals like cattle, deer, sheep, goats, and antelope are some examples of animals that are halal only if they are treated like sentient beings and slaughtered painlessly while reciting the basmala and takbir. If the animal is treated poorly or tortured while being slaughtered, the meat is haram. Forbidden food substances include alcohol, pork, frog, carrion, the meat of carnivores, and animals that died due to illness, injury, stunning, poisoning, or slaughtering not in the name of God.
Three Sad Tigers
Three Sad Tigers (Spanish: Tres tristes tigres) is a 1968 Chilean drama film directed by Raúl Ruiz. It is an adaptation of the play of the same name by Alejandro Sieveking, which itself was based on the novel Tres tristes tigres by Cuban writer Guillermo Cabrera Infante. It shared the Golden Leopard award at the Locarno International Film Festival in 1969.

Golden Leopard
The Golden Leopard (Italian: Pardo d'oro) is the top prize at the Locarno Film Festival, an international film festival held annually in Locarno, Switzerland since 1946. Directors in the process of getting an international reputation are allowed to be entered in the competitive selection. The winning films are chosen by a jury. The award went under many names until it was named the Golden Leopard in 1968. The festival was not held in 1951 and the prize was not awarded in 1956 and 1982. As of 2024 René Clair is the only director to have won the award twice, winning in the first two years of the festival.
Spherical aberration
In optics, spherical aberration (SA) is a type of aberration found in optical systems that have elements with spherical surfaces. This phenomenon commonly affects lenses and curved mirrors, as these components are often shaped in a spherical manner for ease of manufacturing. Light rays that strike a spherical surface off-centre are refracted or reflected more or less than those that strike close to the centre. This deviation reduces the quality of images produced by optical systems. The effect of spherical aberration was first identified in the 11th century by Ibn al-Haytham who discussed it in his work Kitāb al-Manāẓir.

Reflection (physics)
Reflection is the change in direction of a wavefront at an interface between two different media so that the wavefront returns into the medium from which it originated. Common examples include the reflection of light, sound and water waves. The law of reflection says that for specular reflection (for example at a mirror) the angle at which the wave is incident on the surface equals the angle at which it is reflected.

In acoustics, reflection causes echoes and is used in sonar. In geology, it is important in the study of seismic waves. Reflection is observed with surface waves in bodies of water. Reflection is observed with many types of electromagnetic wave, besides visible light. Reflection of VHF and higher frequencies is important for radio transmission and for radar. Even hard X-rays and gamma rays can be reflected at shallow angles with special "grazing" mirrors.
2010–11 Liga II
The 2010–11 Liga II was the 71st season of the second tier of the Romanian football league system. The season started on 28 August 2010 and ended on 4 June 2011.

FRF approved the new system with two divisions of 16 teams each, compared to the divisions of 18 teams used last season, thus coming back to the system that was used in the 1953 season, between the 1968–69 season and the 1972–73 season, in the 2001–02 season and in the 2002–03 season. At the end of the season, the top two teams of the series promoted to Liga I and the bottom three places from both series relegated to Liga III.

2001–02 Divizia B
The 2001–02 Divizia B was the 62nd season of the second tier of the Romanian football league system.

The format has been changed from two series of 18 teams to two series, each of them having 16 teams. At the end of the season, the winners of the series promoted to Divizia A and the last four places from both series relegated to Divizia C. A promotion play-off was played between the 13th and 14th-placed in the Divizia A and the runners-up of the Divizia B series.
History of the Finnish language
The Finnish language is a Finnic language spoken mostly in Finland that descends from Proto-Finnic and in turn from Proto-Uralic. It is closely related to the Estonian language as well as less-spoken languages, such as Karelian and Veps, and is also distantly related to Hungarian.

The history of the Finnish language can be divided into multiple eras. The earliest phase, Early Finnish (varhaissuomi), lasted from its separation from the other Finnic languages sometime around the end of the first millennium AD until 1540. Around this time, the first Finnish texts of note that survive were written, marking the start of the Old Literary Finnish (vanha kirjasuomi) period. This lasted until the early 19th century, when some time around 1810–1820, the development of the Finnish language entered a new phase called Early Modern Finnish (varhaisnykysuomi). This developed into Modern Finnish (nykysuomi) around the 1870s, by 1880 at the latest.

Liquid consonant
In linguistics, a liquid consonant or simply liquid is any of a class of consonants that consists of rhotics and voiced lateral approximants, which are also sometimes described as "R-like sounds" and "L-like sounds". The word liquid seems to be a calque of the Ancient Greek word ὑγρός (hygrós 'moist'), initially used by grammarian Dionysius Thrax to describe Greek sonorants.

Liquid consonants are more prone to be part of consonant clusters and of the syllable nucleus. Their third formants are generally non-predictable based on the first two formants. Another important feature is their complex articulation, which makes them a hard consonant class to study with precision and the last consonants to be produced by children during their phonological development. They are also more likely to undergo certain types of phonological changes such as assimilation, dissimilation and metathesis.

Most languages have at least one liquid in their phonemic inventory. English has two, /l/ and /ɹ/.
Vespula germanica
Vespula germanica, known colloquially as the European wasp, German wasp, or German yellowjacket, is a species of wasp found in much of the Northern Hemisphere, native to Europe, Northern Africa, and temperate Asia. It has spread and become well-established in many other places, including North America, South America (Argentina and Chile), Australia, South Africa,  and New Zealand. German wasps are part of the family Vespidae and are sometimes mistakenly referred to as paper wasps because they build grey paper nests, although strictly speaking, paper wasps are part of the subfamily Polistinae. In North America, they are also known as yellowjackets.

Paper wasp
Paper wasps are a type of social vespid wasps. The term is typically used to refer to members of the vespid subfamily Polistinae, though it often colloquially includes members of the subfamilies Vespinae (hornets and yellowjackets) and Stenogastrinae, which also make nests out of paper.

Paper wasp nests are characterized by open combs with down pointing cells. Some types of paper wasps are occasionally referred to as umbrella wasps due to the distinctive design of their nests.
Jameh Mosque of Mehrabad
The Jameh Mosque of Mehrabad (Arabic: جامع مهر أباد; Persian: مسجد جامع مهرآباد), also known as the Mehr Abad Jameh Mosque and as the Mihrabad Camii, is a Shi'ite Friday mosque, located in Mehrabad Square, Bonab, in the province of East Azerbaijan, Iran. The mosque was built during  the Safavid era. The mosque was constructed in a big square with a porch, seraglio, minaret and sanctuary that are different from most other mosques of the Safavid era.

The mosque was added to the Iran National Heritage List in 1968, administered by the Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization of Iran.

Congregational mosque
A congregational mosque or Friday mosque (Arabic: مَسْجِد جَامِع, romanized: masjid jāmi‘, or simply جَامِع, jāmi‘; Turkish: Cami), or sometimes great mosque or grand mosque (جامع كبير, jāmi‘ kabir; Ulu Cami), is a mosque for hosting the Friday noon prayers known as jumu'ah. It can also host the Eid prayers in situations when there is no musalla or eidgah available nearby to host the prayers. In early Islamic history, the number of congregational mosques in one city was strictly limited. As cities and populations grew over time, it became more common for many mosques to host Friday prayers in the same area. In early centuries, the congregational mosque was also a center of social and public life, hosting various other activities in addition to prayers, such as judicial and educational functions.
2019 World Wrestling Championships – Men's freestyle 70 kg
The men's freestyle 70 kilograms is a competition featured at the 2019 World Wrestling Championships, and was held in Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan on 20 and 21 September.

This freestyle wrestling competition consists of a single-elimination tournament, with a repechage used to determine the winner of two bronze medals. The two finalists face off for gold and silver medals. Each wrestler who loses to one of the two finalists moves into the repechage, culminating in a pair of bronze medal matches featuring the semifinal losers each facing the remaining repechage opponent from their half of the bracket.

2019 World Wrestling Championships
The 2019 World Wrestling Championships were held in Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan from 14 September to 22 September 2019.

The tournament served as qualification for the 2020 Summer Olympics, the top six wrestlers from each category earned their NOCs a qualification.
2015 President's Cup (Maldives)
The 2015 President's Cup was the 65th season of the President's Cup. New Radiant Sports Club were the defending champions, having beaten Eagles in last season's final in extra time.

This was the first tournament under its current tournament format.

2014 President's Cup (Maldives)
The 2014 President's Cup was the 64th season of the President's Cup, a knock-out competition for Maldives' top 4 football clubs. New Radiant Sports Club were the defending champions, having beaten Maziya in last season's final in extra time.

The final was held on 30 November 2014, in which New Radiant won 1-0 on extra time from a long range shot from Ali Fasir claiming a record eleventh President's Cup and winning the title for the third time in a row.
Dascylium
Dascylium, Dascyleium, or Daskyleion (Ancient Greek: Δασκύλιον, Δασκυλεῖον), also known as Dascylus, was a town in Anatolia some 30 kilometres (19 mi) inland from the coast of the Propontis, at modern Ergili, Turkey. Its site was rediscovered in 1952 and has since been excavated.

Mysia
Mysia (UK /ˈmɪsiə/, US /ˈmɪʒə/ or /ˈmiːʒə/; Greek: Μυσία; Latin: Mysia; Turkish: Misya) was a region in the northwest of ancient Asia Minor (Anatolia, Asian part of modern Turkey). It was located on the south coast of the Sea of Marmara. It was bounded by Bithynia on the east, Phrygia on the southeast, Lydia on the south, Aeolis on the southwest, Troad on the west, and the Propontis on the north. In ancient times it was inhabited by the Mysians, Phrygians, Aeolian Greeks and other groups.
English Labour Network
The English Labour Network was formed in 2017 to encourage the British Labour Party to recognise and embrace the distinct political identity of England, and to thereby strengthen support for the party throughout the country. The group has called for the Labour Party to publish an English manifesto to reflect the many political challenges centered on England. The English Labour Network's formation reflects the lack of an English focus within Labour, with no equivalent to the Scottish Labour Party, Welsh Labour and the Labour Party in Northern Ireland.

Founding supporters include John Denham, Jon Cruddas, Liam Byrne and Shabana Mahmood.

Welsh Labour
Welsh Labour (Welsh: Llafur Cymru), formerly known as the Labour Party in Wales (Welsh: Y Blaid Lafur yng Nghymru), is an autonomous section of the United Kingdom Labour Party in Wales and the largest party in the modern politics of Wales. Welsh Labour and its forebears have won a plurality of the Welsh vote at every United Kingdom general election since 1922, every National Assembly (now Senedd) election since 1999, and all elections to the European Parliament in the period 1979–2004 and in 2014. Welsh Labour holds 27 of the 32 Welsh seats in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, 29 of the 60 seats in the Welsh Senedd, and 576 of the 1,264 councillors in principal local authorities including overall control of 10 of the 22 principal local authorities.

It has longest winning streak of any political party in the world and has been described as "by some distance the democratic world's most successful election-winning machine".
Axiom of infinity
In axiomatic set theory and the branches of mathematics and philosophy that use it, the axiom of infinity is one of the axioms of Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory.  It guarantees the existence of at least one infinite set, namely a set containing the natural numbers. It was first published by Ernst Zermelo as part of his set theory in 1908.

Axiom schema of specification
In many popular versions of axiomatic set theory, the axiom schema of specification, also known as the axiom schema of separation (Aussonderungsaxiom), subset axiom, axiom of class construction, or axiom schema of restricted comprehension is an axiom schema.  Essentially, it says that any definable subclass of a set is a set.

Some mathematicians refer to this axiom as the axiom schema of comprehension, although others reserve that term only for unrestricted comprehension; this axiom is a "restricted" version of unrestricted comprehension. Because restricting comprehension avoids Russell's paradox, several mathematicians including Zermelo, Fraenkel, and Gödel considered it the most important axiom of set theory.
Arturo Sanhueza
Héctor Arturo Sanhueza Medel (born 11 March 1979), known as Arturo Sanhueza, is a Chilean former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He is the current manager of Chilean club Deportes Temuco.

Campeonato Nacional Primera B
The Campeonato Nacional de la Primera B del Fútbol Profesional Chileno (English: National Championship of the First B of Chilean Professional Football) is the second tier in the Chilean football league system, and is organized by the Asociación Nacional de Fútbol Profesional. It was established in 1952 as Segunda División, and later renamed in 1996 to the current name. Since 1954, automatic promotion to and relegation from the Campeonato Nacional has been granted, although Palestino and Rangers were promoted to the top flight in the first season.
Erotic furniture
Erotic furniture, also known as sex furniture, is any form of furniture that is designed to act as an aid to sexual activity. This includes furniture and harnesses designed to aid positioning, assisting with comfort, penetration level and stimulation. Other types of erotic furniture are constructed to be an aid to erotic bondage. The functionality may be obvious or the erotic furniture may be designed to appear as conventional furniture. Some conventional items of furniture such as the four-poster bed and the chaise longue traditionally have erotic associations, but they are not considered to be erotic furniture as their primary use is not erotic. Erotic furniture can also  be furniture decorated with erotic art.

Chaise longue
A chaise longue (/ʃeɪz ˈlɒŋ, tʃeɪz-, -ˈlɒ̃ɡ/; French: [ʃɛz lɔ̃ɡ] ⓘ; French for 'long chair') is an upholstered sofa in the shape of a chair that is long enough to support the legs of the sitter.

In modern French, the term chaise longue refers to any long reclining chair, such as a deckchair.

In English, the term chaise longue is sometimes written as chaise lounge and pronounced /ˌtʃeɪsˈlaʊndʒ/, a folk etymology replacement of part of the original French term with the unrelated English word lounge.  When English speakers imported a new kind of sofa from France in the late 1700s, they transformed the name 'chaise longue' ("long chair") into 'chaise lounge'—since 'lounge' is an English word spelled with the same letters and lounging is something one can do on a "chaise longue." This variant has been documented in British texts since at least 1811 and in American texts since 1824.