hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ulnar claw
An ulnar claw, also known as claw hand or Spinster’s Claw, is a deformity or an abnormal attitude of the hand that develops due to ulnar nerve damage, causing paralysis of the lumbricals.  A claw hand presents with a hyperextension at the metacarpophalangeal joints and flexion at the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints of the 4th and 5th fingers.  The patients with this condition can make a full fist, but when they extend their fingers, the hand posture is referred to as claw hand. The ring and little finger can usually not fully extend at the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP).

This can be commonly confused with the hand of benediction or pope's blessing, which is caused by proximal (at elbow level) median nerve damage.

Flexor digitorum profundus muscle
The flexor digitorum profundus or flexor digitorum communis profundus is a muscle in the forearm of humans that flexes the fingers (also known as digits). It is considered an extrinsic hand muscle because it acts on the hand while its muscle belly is located in the forearm.

Together the flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus, and flexor digitorum profundus form the deep layer of ventral forearm muscles. The muscle is named from Latin 'deep bender of the fingers'.
Elimination Chamber (2012)
The 2012 Elimination Chamber (known as No Way Out in Germany) was the third Elimination Chamber professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by WWE. It took place on February 19, 2012, at the Bradley Center in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

Six matches were contested at the event, five of which were broadcast on the pay-per-view while the other was a dark match. In the main event, John Cena defeated Kane in an Ambulance match. There were two matches contested inside the Elimination Chamber. In the first, which opened the show, CM Punk defeated The Miz, Chris Jericho, Kofi Kingston, Dolph Ziggler, and R-Truth to retain the WWE Championship, while in the second, Daniel Bryan defeated Santino Marella, Wade Barrett, Cody Rhodes, Big Show, and The Great Khali to retain the World Heavyweight Championship.

The event garnered 178,000 pay-per-view buys, down from 199,000 buys the previous year's event received.

Professional wrestling aerial techniques
Aerial techniques, also known as "high-flying moves" are performance techniques used in professional wrestling for simulated assault on opponents. The techniques involve jumping from the ring's posts and ropes, demonstrating the speed and agility of smaller, nimble and acrobatically inclined wrestlers, with many preferring this style instead of throwing or locking the opponent.

Aerial techniques can be challenging for wrestlers to learn since they learn to trust the other performer, the nominal opponent, to either target the jump correctly or to safely catch their fall. Due to the risk of injury caused by these high-risk moves, some promotions have banned the use of some of them.

The next list of maneuvers was made under general categories whenever possible.
1982 Porsche Tennis Grand Prix
The 1982 Porsche Tennis Grand Prix was a women's singles tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Tennis Sporthalle Filderstadt in Filderstadt in West Germany. The event was part of the Category 4 tier of the 1982 Toyota Series. It was the fifth edition of the tournament and was held from 18 October through 24 October 1982. First-seeded Martina Navratilova won the singles event and the accompanying $22,000 first-prize money.

1982 WTA Tour
The 1982 WTA Tour was the 10th season since the foundation of the Women's Tennis Association. It commenced on 4 January 1982, and concluded on 19 December 1982, after 36 events. The WTA Tour was the elite tour for professional women's tennis organised by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). The tour consistent of two major circuits, the Avon Championships World Championship Series and the Toyota Series. It included the four Grand Slam tournaments and a series of other events. ITF tournaments were not part of the tour, although they awarded points for the WTA World Ranking.
Rooster potato
Rooster is a red-skinned, yellow-fleshed cultivar of potato, duller in colour than the 'Désirée', with floury yellow flesh. It is uniformly roundish in shape with shallow eyes making it easy to peel. It is a general-purpose potato. It can be boiled, mashed, chipped, roasted, steamed and baked. It was originally bred in 1990 at the Teagasc Oak Park Research Centre in Carlow, Ireland, by Harry Kehoe.  
In 2004, 'Rooster' potatoes accounted for 38% of the total potato production in the Republic of Ireland.

Désirée potato
The Désirée potato (sometimes rendered Desirée or Desiree) is a red-skinned main-crop potato originally bred in the Netherlands in 1962. It has yellow flesh with a distinctive flavour and is a favourite with allotment-holders because of its resistance to drought, and is fairly resistant to disease. It is a versatile, fairly waxy variety which is firm and holds its shape, and is useful for all methods of cooking, from roasting to mashing and salads.

It is immune to potato wart and it is resistant to skin spot. It has good resistance to PVY, tuber late blight and blackleg. It also has moderate resistance to PVA, PVX and fusarium dry rot. It is found to be moderately susceptible to leaf late blight and leaf roll, also it is susceptible to common scab.
Hikuwai River
The Hikuwai River is the name for the middle section of the Ūawa River in the Gisborne Region of New Zealand. The river flows south through a valley between two hill ridges to the north of Tolaga Bay, and for most of its length runs parallel with the Pacific coast, which lies 5 kilometres (3 mi) to the east. The Hikuwai river section ends at the confluence with the Mangatokerau River, 10 kilometres (6 mi) before the Ūawa River flows into the sea at Tolaga Bay.

In March 2022, heavy rainfall in the region caused the river to rise by over 9.6 metres, causing the nearby town of Mangatuna to be evacuated.

Mangatokerau River
The Mangatokerau River is a river of the Gisborne Region of New Zealand's North Island. It flows generally southeast to meet the Uawa River, which it joins 7 kilometres (4 mi) from the latter's Tolaga Bay mouth.
Yattalunga, South Australia
Yattalunga is a northern suburb of Adelaide, South Australia. It is the eastern in the City of Playford. Yattalunga is east of One Tree Hill, between the Gawler–One Tree Hill Road and the South Para River. The road runs near the top of the ridge separating the South Para River gorge from the Adelaide Plains.

The eastern part of Yattalunga includes most of the Para Wirra Recreation Park.

The name of the suburb is drawn from the name of a historic homestead, which in turn was derived from Yertala or Yattala meaning cascade, waterfall of creek and unga or nga meaning place or locality in a local Australian Aboriginal language, according to state government records citing Norman Tindale in 1949.

Gawler
Gawler, established in 1839,  is the oldest country town in the state of South Australia. It was named after the second Governor (British Vice-Regal representative) of the colony of South Australia, George Gawler. It is about  40–44 km (25–27 mi) north of the state capital, Adelaide, and is close to the major wine producing district of the Barossa Valley. Topographically, Gawler lies at the confluence of two tributaries of the Gawler River, the North and South Para rivers, where they emerge from a range of low hills.

Historically a semi-rural area, Gawler has been swept up in Adelaide's growth in recent years, and is now counted as a suburb in the Outer Metro region of the Greater Adelaide Planning Region. The town had a population of 28,562 in the 2021 Census.
Stratocumulus castellanus cloud
Stratocumulus castellanus or Stratocumulus castellatus is a type of stratocumulus cloud. Castellanus is derived from Latin, meaning 'of a castle.' Clouds of this type appear as cumuliform turrets vertically rising from a common horizontal cloud base. These turrets are taller than they are wide.

The presence of stratocumulus castellanus clouds indicates an increasingly unstable atmosphere, and seeing this type of cloud in the morning usually means that there is a possibility of thunderstorms forming later in the afternoon.
In the right conditions, these clouds can grow into cumulus congestus clouds and, sometimes, into cumulonimbus clouds.

Cumulonimbus cloud
Cumulonimbus (from Latin  cumulus 'swell' and  nimbus 'cloud') is a dense, towering, vertical cloud, typically forming from water vapor condensing in the lower troposphere that builds upward carried by powerful buoyant air currents. Above the lower portions of the cumulonimbus the water vapor becomes ice crystals, such as snow and graupel, the interaction of which can lead to hail and to lightning formation, respectively.

When causing thunderstorms, these clouds may be called thunderheads. Cumulonimbus can form alone, in clusters, or along squall lines. These clouds are capable of producing lightning and other dangerous severe weather, such as tornadoes, hazardous winds, and large hailstones. Cumulonimbus progress from overdeveloped cumulus congestus clouds and may further develop as part of a supercell. Cumulonimbus is abbreviated as Cb.
Beautiful Girls (film)
Beautiful Girls is a 1996 American romantic comedy-drama film directed by Ted Demme and written by Scott Rosenberg. Its story follows New York jazz pianist Willie Conway, as he heads back to his hometown of Knight's Ridge, Massachusetts for his high school reunion, where he finds his friends evaluating their lives and relationships.

The film stars Matt Dillon, Noah Emmerich, Lauren Holly, Timothy Hutton, Rosie O'Donnell, Martha Plimpton, Natalie Portman, Michael Rapaport, Mira Sorvino and Uma Thurman. It was produced by Cary Woods and was released on February 9, 1996, by Miramax Films. It received positive reviews and grossed $27 million worldwide.

Snowplow
A snowplow (also snow plow, snowplough or snow plough) is a device intended for mounting on a vehicle, used for removing snow and ice from outdoor surfaces, typically those serving transportation purposes. Although this term is often used to refer to vehicles mounting such devices, more accurately they are known as winter service vehicles, especially in areas that regularly receive large amounts of snow every year, or in specific environments such as airfields. In other cases, pickup trucks and front end loaders are outfitted with attachments to fulfill this purpose. Some regions that do not frequently see snow may use graders to remove compacted snow and ice off the streets. Snowplows can also be mounted on rail cars or locomotives to clear railway tracks.
Mayor of Hauraki
The mayor of Hauraki is the elected head of local government in the Hauraki District of New Zealand's North Island; one of 67 mayors in the country. The largest town in the district is Waihi and the council is based in Paeroa. The mayor presides over the Hauraki District Council and is directly elected using the first-past-the-post method.

The current mayor is Toby Adams, first elected in October 2019 during that year's local elections. He was re-elected in 2022.

Hauraki District
Hauraki District is a territorial authority governed by the Hauraki District Council within the Waikato region of New Zealand. The seat of the council is at Paeroa.

The area covered by the district extends from the southwest coast of the Firth of Thames southeast towards Te Aroha, although that town lies beyond its boundaries. It extends eastwards to the Bay of Plenty coast, taking in the southernmost part of the Coromandel Peninsula. The rest of the peninsula is part of Thames-Coromandel District.

Features of the district include the Karangahake Gorge, Whiritoa, the Hauraki Plains, Ngatea and the gold mining town of Waihi.
Ross 47
Ross 47 is a variable star of spectral type M4 located in the constellation Orion. Based on parallax measurements, it lies 18.888 light-years from Earth.

Ross 47 is a small red dwarf with 23.8% of the Sun's size, and 6% of its luminosity. Its effective temperature is much cooler than the Sun's, about 3,330 K. It is a BY Draconis variable, a star which whose brightness varies across its rotation, having multiple starspots that contribute to the brightness variation. Its apparent magnitude varies from +11.48 to 11.55. Ross 47 was given the variable star designation V1352 Orionis in 1997.

Variable-star designation
In astronomy, a variable-star designation is a unique identifier given to variable stars.  It extends the Bayer designation format, with an identifying label (as described below) preceding the Latin genitive of the name of the constellation in which the star lies. The identifying label can be one or two Latin letters or a V plus a number (e.g. V399). Examples are R Coronae Borealis, YZ Ceti, V603 Aquilae. (See List of constellations for a list of constellations and the genitive forms of their names.)
1996 Wexford Senior Hurling Championship
The 1996 Wexford Senior Hurling Championship was the 86th completed staging of the Wexford Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Wexford County Board in 1889. The championship ran from 15 September to 27 October 1996.

Oulart–The Ballagh entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Rathnure in the semi-finals.

The final was played on 27 October 1996 at Wexford Park, between Rathnure and Rapparees, in what was their third meeting in the final overall and a first meeting in the final in 18 years. Rathnure won the match by 1–12 to 0–07 to claim their 16th championship title overall and a first title in six years.

1978 Wexford Senior Hurling Championship
The 1978 Wexford Senior Hurling Championship was the 68th staging of the Wexford Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Wexford County Board in 1889. The championship began on 22 April 1978 and ended on 17 September 1978.

Rathnure entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 17 September 1978 at Wexford Park, between Rapparees and Rathnure, in what was their first meeting in a final in six years. Rapparees won the match by 0–16 to 2–07 to claim their first ever championship title.
Palm Serial
The Palm Serial were 3 successive proprietary 10-pin Serial connectors on the bottom of the first 3 series of models of PDAs from Palm, Inc. to provide serial communications: 1) pre-IrDA models; 2) the 1st IrDA models; 3) the 1st thin, metal-body models.  In addition to Palm's models (and rebranded models like the IBM WorkPad series) similar serial connectors have been used in the Ericsson MC16 Palmtop and Handera equipment.
Pressing the HotSync button located at the base of the cradle closes a circuit between pins 2 and 7 which causes the activation of MUN2214 NPN transistor connected to pin 38 of the Motorola Dragonball CPU that provides a low signal on the IRQ1 UART, triggering the HotSync process.
On pin 8 when a modem connects to the Palm similarly closes a circuit pin 2 to activate another MUN2214 NPN transistor connected to pin 32 (GPIO UART) of the CPU to notify the presence of the modem.

HandEra
HandEra (formally TRG) was a manufacturer, software developer, and service contractor. HandEra's business previously revolved around Palm OS, and devices running Palm OS. The company's headquarters were in Des Moines, Iowa.
Outline of Russia
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Russia.

The Russian Federation, commonly known as Russia, is the largest country in the world, covering 17,075,400 square kilometres (6,592,800 sq mi), more than an eighth of the Earth's land area.  Russia is a transcontinental country extending across the whole of northern Asia and 40% of Europe; it spans 11 time zones and incorporates a great range of environments and landforms. With 143 million people, Russia is the ninth most populated country. Russia has the world's largest mineral and energy resources, has the world's largest forest reserves, and its lakes contain approximately one-quarter of the Earth's fresh liquid water.

Geography of Russia
Russia (Russian: Россия) is the largest country in the world, covering over 17,125,191 km2 (6,612,073 sq mi), encompassing more than one-eighth of Earth's inhabited land area (excludes Antarctica). Russia extends across eleven time zones, and has the most borders of any country in the world, with sixteen sovereign nations.

Russia is a transcontinental country, stretching vastly over two continents, Europe and Asia. It spans the northernmost edge of Eurasia, and has the world's fourth-longest coastline, at 37,653 km (23,396 mi). Russia, alongside Canada and the United States, is one of only three countries with a coast along three oceans, due to which it has links with over thirteen marginal seas. It lies between latitudes 41° and 82° N, and longitudes 19° E and 169° W. Russia is larger than three continents of the world and has about the same surface area as Pluto. Russia encompasses, by far, the largest  forest area of any country in the world.
V Australia
V Australia was a long-haul international airline owned by Virgin Australia Holdings that commenced operating on 27 February 2009. As part of a rebranding of all of Virgin Australia Holdings' subsidiaries, on 7 December 2011, it was subsumed into Virgin Australia.

O. R. Tambo International Airport
O. R. Tambo International Airport (IATA: JNB, ICAO: FAOR) is an international airport serving the twin cities of Johannesburg and the main capital of South Africa, Pretoria. It is situated in Kempton Park, Gauteng. It serves as the primary airport for domestic and international travel for South Africa and since 2020, it is Africa's second busiest airport, with a capacity to handle up to 28 million passengers annually. The airport serves as the hub for South African Airways. The airport handled over 21 million passengers in 2017.

The airport was originally known as Jan Smuts International Airport, after the former South African Prime Minister. It was renamed Johannesburg International Airport in 1994, and  subsequently on 27 October 2006 the airport was renamed after anti-apartheid politician Oliver Tambo (1917–1993). Its ICAO code was changed from FAJS to FAOR on 10 January 2013.
Anti-surface warfare
Anti-surface warfare (ASuW or ASUW) is the branch of naval warfare concerned with the suppression of surface combatants. More generally, it is any weapons, sensors, or operations intended to attack or limit the effectiveness of an adversary's surface ships. Before the adoption of the submarine and naval aviation, all naval warfare consisted of anti-surface warfare. The distinct concept of an anti-surface warfare capability emerged after World War II, and literature on the subject as a distinct discipline is inherently dominated by the dynamics of the Cold War.

Naval warfare
Naval warfare is combat in and on the sea, the ocean, or any other battlespace involving a major body of water such as a large lake or wide river.

The armed forces branch designated for naval warfare is a navy. Naval operations can be broadly divided into riverine/littoral applications (brown-water navy), open-ocean applications (blue-water navy), between riverine/littoral and open-ocean applications (green-water navy), although these distinctions are more about strategic scope than tactical or operational division. The strategic offensive purpose of naval warfare is projection of force by water, and its strategic defensive purpose is to challenge the similar projection of force by enemies.
Arif Riwgari
Khwaja Muhammad Arif Riwgari is the first of the group of Central Asian Sufi teachers known simply as Khajagan (the Masters) of the Naqshbandi Order. He is the 12th master in the chain of the Order. His shrine is at Riwgar, known as Shofirkon today, about 45 km North of Bukhara, Uzbekistan,

Naqshbandi Order
Naqshbandi (Persian: نقشبندیه) is a major Sufi order within Sunni Islam, named after its 14th-century founder, Baha' al-Din Naqshband. Practitioners, known as Naqshbandis, trace their spiritual lineage (silsila) directly to the Prophet Muhammad through the first caliph, Abu Bakr, via Ja'far al-Sadiq. The Naqshbandi order is distinct for its strict adherence to Sharia (Islamic law) and silent dhikr practices adopted from earlier Central Asian masters.
Information Systems Professional
The Information Systems Professional (I.S.P), or Informaticien professionnel agréé (I.P.A. in French), is a professional designation issued by the Canadian Information Processing Society (CIPS).  Introduced in 1989, the professional designation is recognised by legislation in most provinces of Canada.  Before meeting the entry requirements for professional status an applicant may use the "Candidate Member I.S.P" designation.

CIPS has developed the Computer Science Accreditation Council (CSAC), and the Information Systems and Technology Accreditation Council (ISTAC) to accredit baccalaureate programs in Computer Science, Software Engineering, Management Information Systems, Computer Systems Technology, Applied Information Technology, and post-diploma type programs in Canada.  These accredited programs combined with several years of experience lead to the I.S.P. designation.

Canadian Information Processing Society
CIPS (Canadian Information Processing Society) is the professional association of IT professionals in Canada. Since 1958 CIPS has helped strengthen the Canadian IT industry by establishing standards and sharing best practices for the benefit of individual IT professionals and the sector as a whole. CIPS represents thousands of members across the country as Canada’s Association of Information Technology Professionals.
SS Cavalry Brigade
The SS Cavalry Brigade (SS-Kavallerie-Brigade) was a unit of the German Waffen-SS during World War II. Operating under the control of the Kommandostab Reichsführer-SS, it initially performed rear security duties in German-occupied Poland. During the Invasion of the Soviet Union, the brigade operated in the rear of the German forces, in the Army Group Rear Area Command. It engaged bypassed Red Army units and carried out murders of Jews, Communists and suspected Soviet partisans. In 1942, the brigade was disbanded and its personnel was transferred to the newly formed SS Division Florian Geyer.

Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski
Erich Julius Eberhard von dem Bach-Zelewski (born Erich Julius Eberhard von Zelewski; 1 March 1899 – 8 March 1972) was a German politician of Polish-Kashubian descent, military officer and high-ranking SS commander. During World War II, he was in charge of the Nazi security warfare against those designated by the regime as ideological enemies and any other persons deemed to present danger to the Nazi rule or Wehrmacht's rear security in the occupied territories of Eastern Europe. It mostly involved atrocities against the civilian population. In 1944, he led the brutal suppression of the Warsaw Uprising.

Despite his responsibility for numerous war crimes and crimes against humanity, Bach-Zelewski did not stand trial in the Nuremberg trials, and instead appeared as a witness for the prosecution. He was later convicted for politically motivated murders committed in Germany before the war and died in prison in 1972.
Centennial Parkway
Centennial Parkway is an arterial road in southeastern Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. It is best known as the western terminus of the former Highway 20, now maintained by the City of Hamilton. It starts off as Upper Centennial Parkway, a mountain-access road in the City right before the Canadian Pacific Railway line at the backend of Battlefield Park, and is a two-way street throughout that extends north over the Queen Elizabeth Way and ends at Beach Boulevard/Van Wagners Beach Road in front of Confederation Park.

Beach Boulevard (Hamilton, Ontario)
Beach Boulevard is a Lower city street in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, east of the Hamilton Harbour on a thin piece of land that crosses over Lake Ontario and stretches from where Woodward Avenue becomes Eastport Drive in the south to near the Lift Bridge in the north at Eastport Drive (again). It runs parallel with the QEW and the Burlington Bay James N. Allan Skyway Bridge.