hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
R. A. P. Clements
Major-General Ralph Arthur Penrhyn Clements, CB, DSO (9 February 1855 – 2 April 1909) was a senior British Army officer.

Clements, the son of a churchman, fought in the Xhosa War of 1877–1878 and the Anglo-Zulu War as a junior officer. He was twice wounded during the Third Anglo-Burmese War while serving as a brigade major, being mentioned in dispatches. After commanding a battalion of the South Wales Borderers during the late 1890s, he was appointed a brigade commander during the Second Boer War. Clements commanded the Colesberg front in early 1900, but was surprised at the Battle of Nooitgedacht in December, managing to extricate his force from the latter. After the Boer War he served in India, rising to divisional command before his death.

Xhosa Wars
The Xhosa Wars were a series of nine wars (from 1779 to 1879) between the Xhosa Kingdom and the British Empire as well as Trekboers from the Dutch colonial empire in what is now the Eastern Cape in South Africa.

Tensions existed between the various Europeans in the Cape region, tensions between Empire administration and colonial governments, and tensions within the Xhosa Kingdom, e.g. chiefs rivaling each other, which usually led to Europeans taking advantage of the situation to meddle in Xhosa politics. A perfect example of this is the case of chief Ngqika and his uncle, chief Ndlambe.

The conflicts between the Xhosa and British were covered extensively in the metropolitan British press, generating increased demand among the British public for information about their country's far-off colonial conflicts.
Tri-borough shared services
Tri-borough is a project between three councils in west London, England to combine service provision. The councils are Westminster City Council, Hammersmith and Fulham London Borough Council and the Kensington and Chelsea London Borough Council. It launched in June 2011 and was due to come to an end in April 2018.

Kensington and Chelsea London Borough Council
Kensington and Chelsea London Borough Council, also known as Kensington and Chelsea Council, is the local authority for the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea in Greater London, England. The council has been under Conservative majority control since its creation in 1965. It is based at Kensington Town Hall.
Poet in the City
Poet in the City is a London-based arts organisation founded in 1998 as a project of the Poetry Society; it became an independent charity in 2006.

Poet in the City collaborates with partners from the arts and beyond, from the Barbican Centre, Kings Place and the Royal Opera House to St Paul's Cathedral, the Francis Crick Institute and St Pancras International. It creates new audiences for poetry and works with audiences of all ages, with different interests and backgrounds, and across sectors.

Poet in the City was awarded National Portfolio Organisation status in April 2011, in 2014 and again in 2017, meaning the organisation will receive regular funding from Arts Council England 2018 to 2022. It operates a mixed funding model, combining private and business philanthropy, earned income and public subsidy.

The Poetry Society
The Poetry Society is a membership organisation, open to all, whose stated aim is "to promote the study, use and enjoyment of poetry". The society was founded in London in February 1909 as the Poetry Recital Society, becoming the Poetry Society in 1912. Its first president was Lady Margaret Sackville.

From its current premises in Covent Garden, London, The Poetry Society publishes The Poetry Review, a poetry magazine. Established in 1912, its current editor is the poet Wayne Holloway-Smith, who succeeded Emily Berry in 2023. Berry herself succeeded Maurice Riordan in 2017. Fiona Sampson was the magazine's editor from 2005 to 2012.

In 2011, "with the help of some initial funding from Arts Council England's Poetry & Young People Project", the poet Holly Hopkins helped set up the Young Poets Network arm of the society, which now focusses on supporting poets "up to the age of 25." The poet Jayant Kashyap called it "the best place for young poets based anywhere in the
world."
Hemoprova Chutia
Hemoprova Chutia (born September 22, 1955) is an Indian handloom weaver and artist based in Dibrugarh, Assam who has crafted a variety of creations using diverse fabrics such as cotton, silk, wool, and intricately cut bamboo. She has received various awards and honours for her contribution in the art, including the  Assam Gourav award presented by the Government of Assam in 2022.

Dibrugarh
Dibrugarh (Assamese: [dibɹʊ.ɡɔ(ɹ)]) is a city in the Indian state of Assam, located 435 km east of the state capital Dispur. It is the 2nd capital of Assam and serves as the headquarters of the Dibrugarh district in Upper Assam. Dibrugarh also serves as the headquarters of the Sonowal Kachari Autonomous Council, which is the governing council of the Sonowal Kachari tribe (found predominantly in the district). The historic town of Dibrugarh was formally announced as the second city of Assam on 7 March 2024 with the formation of the Dibrugarh Municipal Corporation by dissolving the municipal board.
Kourtesi
Kourtesi (Greek: Κουρτέσι) is a village and a community in the southwestern part of the municipal unit of Vouprasia, Elis, Greece. It is in a flat rural area, southeast of the Kotychi lagoon, 7 km southwest of Varda in the northeast, 1 km east of Areti and 7 km northeast of Lechaina. Kourtesi lies on the Greek National Road 9 connecting Patras and Pyrgos, and on the railway from Patras to Pyrgos. The community consists of the villages Kourtesi, Ano Kourtesi and Kotteika. The smaller villages Ano Kourtesi and Kotteika lie to the southeast of Kourtesi.

Vouprasia
Vouprasia (Greek: Βουπρασία) is a former municipality in Elis, West Greece, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Andravida-Kyllini, of which it is a municipal unit. Its seat of administration was Varda. The municipal unit has about 10,600 inhabitants. The area of the municipal unit is 170.859 km2.
Costelloe Lodge
Costelloe Lodge is an early 20th century building in Casla, County Galway, Ireland. It was designed by Edwin Lutyens for J. Bruce Ismay, chairman of the  White Star Line, after Ismay's original fishing lodge was burnt out in an IRA attack in 1922. Ismay had bought the house a year after the Titanic disaster and, largely ostracised by society, spent much time at the lodge until his death in 1937. After the attack on the house Ismay engaged Lutyens to undertake a major reconstruction. The garden was laid out by Lutyens’ long-time collaborator Gertrude Jekyll. Little documented and unreferenced in the major studies of Lutyens, the lodge remains privately owned and is a protected structure.

Conservation in the Republic of Ireland
Conservation in the Republic of Ireland is overseen by a number of statutory and non-governmental agencies, including those with responsibility for conservation of the built environment and conservation of the natural environment in Ireland. Conservation has sometimes been a contentious issue, with debates impacting its progress since the 1960s. Concrete initiatives are sometimes driven by European Union (EU) heritage protection and environmental policies, including EU environmental law, which – as a member – the Irish government is obliged to adopt and implement.
Confess, Doctor Corda
Confess, Doctor Corda (German: Gestehen Sie, Dr. Corda) is a 1958 West German crime film directed by Josef von Báky and starring Hardy Krüger, Elisabeth Müller and Lucie Mannheim. It is considered to be a film noir, one of a number made in Germany during the decade. It was shot at the Spandau Studios. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Erich Kettelhut and Helmut Nentwig.

Hardy Krüger
Hardy Krüger (German: [haːɐ̯.di ˈkʁyː.ɡɐ] ⓘ; born Eberhard August Franz Ewald Krüger; 12 April 1928 – 19 January 2022) was a German actor and author who appeared in more than 60 films from 1944 onwards. After becoming a film star in Germany in the 1950s, Krüger increasingly turned to roles in international films such as The One That Got Away (1957), Hatari!, Sundays and Cybèle (both 1962), The Flight of the Phoenix (1965), Battle of Neretva, The Secret of Santa Vittoria, The Red Tent (all 1969), Barry Lyndon (1975), A Bridge Too Far (1977), and The Wild Geese (1978).
Disodium citrate
Disodium citrate, also known as disodium hydrogen citrate,    (Neo-Alkacitron) and sesquihydrate, is an acid salt of citric acid with the chemical formula Na2C6H6O7. It is used as an antioxidant in food and to improve the effects of other antioxidants. It is also used as an acidity regulator and sequestrant. Typical products include gelatin, jam, sweets, ice cream, carbonated beverages, milk powder, wine, and processed cheeses.

Acidity regulator
Acidity regulators, or pH control agents, are natural or synthesized substances used to change or maintain pH (acidity or basicity). They can be organic or mineral acids, bases, neutralizing agents, or buffering agents. Although many acid regulators are safely used as a food additive, they also have applications in drilling fluids, aquariums, and any environment where a stable pH is necessary.

Both acidity regulator and pH control agent can be used interchangeably. In the context of food-safe substances, however, acidity regulator is typically used over pH control agent.
Sa Itte Miyo
サァ イッテ ミヨウ (romanised: Sa Itte Miyo, "Now Then, Go Ahead") is the fifth album, and second compilation album by Wir sind Helden, released on 14 May 2008 in Japan. The album consisted of a number of tracks from their first three albums (Die Reklamation, Von Hier An Blind, and Soundso) along with a Japanese version of Von Hier An Blind.

The album was the group's first official release in Japan, and included many singles preceding its release, all of which charted in Germany, though only "Sa Itte Miyo" charted in Japan.

Die Reklamation
Die Reklamation (German: The Complaint) is the debut studio album by German band Wir sind Helden, released on 7 July 2003 by Labels, a subsidiary of EMI. It sold over 800,000 copies in Germany and reached four times Platinum. The album follows lead singer Judith Holofernes' limited self-produced solo album Kamikazefliege, which had already included two tracks from this album: “Aurélie” and “Außer dir”.
Maoping Township, Jiangxi
Maoping (Chinese: 茅坪; pinyin: Máopíng) is a township in the Jinggang Mountains and administratively part of Jinggangshan City, in southwestern Jiangxi province, China. It is noted as the location of the headquarters of the 4th Division of the Chinese Red Army and the base of operations of Yuan Wencai. The township is served by China National Highway 319. As of 2018, it has 6 villages under its administration.

The town is known for the first headquarters of the Chinese Red Army (formally the First Workers' and Peasants Revolutionary Army) led by Mao Zedong but Maoping was retaken by the Kuomintang's National Revolutionary Army.

Chinese Red Army
The Chinese Red Army, formally the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (中國工農紅軍) or just the Red Army (紅軍), was the military wing of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 1928 to 1937. It was formed when Communist elements of the National Revolutionary Army (NRA) splintered and mutinied in the Nanchang Uprising. The Red Army was reincorporated into the NRA as part of the Second United Front with the Kuomintang to fight against the Empire of Japan during the Second Sino-Japanese War of 1937–1945. In the later stages of the Chinese Civil War the Red Army splintered off once again and was renamed the People's Liberation Army.
Adrian Flynn
Adrian Flynn (born 9 September 1974) is a former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s and 2000s. He played as a wing at the club level for Wakefield Trinity, the Castleford Tigers, the Dewsbury Rams, Featherstone Rovers, and the Batley Bulldogs.

Featherstone Rovers
Featherstone Rovers is a professional rugby league club in Featherstone, West Yorkshire, England. The club last competed in the Championship, the second tier of British rugby league, but were not granted RFL membership for the 2026 season due to the club's financial difficulties.

Featherstone Rovers won the League Championship once and Challenge Cup three times.

The club played home games at Post Office Road. Their local rivals were Castleford and Wakefield Trinity, and in the Championship, Halifax. The club's traditional home colours were white with blue hoops.
Aleksander Zawadzki
Aleksander Zawadzki, alias Kazik, Wacek, Bronek, One (Polish: [alɛˈksandɛr zaˈvat͡skʲi]; 16 December 1899 – 7 August 1964), was a Polish communist politician, divisional general of the Polish Army, and the Chairman of the Council of State of the Polish People's Republic from 1952 until his death in 1964.

Cross of Valour (Poland)
The Cross of Valour (Polish: Krzyż Walecznych) is a Polish military decoration. It was introduced by the Council of National Defense on 11 August 1920. It is awarded to an individual who "has demonstrated deeds of valour and courage on the field of battle." It may be awarded to the same person up to four times. The medal is given only in wartime or shortly after.
Davor Lamešić
Davor Lamešić (born October 24, 1983) is a Bosnian-Austrian professional basketball player for WBC Raiffeisen Wels since 2008. Lamesic has also often played for the Austrian national basketball team.

He started his career with Arkadia Traiskirchen Lions in 2004, in 2008 he played for BG Göttingen in Germany and then moved back to Austria to play for WBC Raiffeisen Wels.

Flyers Wels
Raiffeisen Flyers Wels, formerly WBC Wels, is a professional basketball club based in Wels, Austria. The team has been playing in the Austrian Basketball League since it was founded in 2000. In 2009 the team won the Austrian national championship. The club was founded as Welser Basketball Club in 2000 through a merger of the clubs Union Wels and ABC Sparkasse Wels.
Paartha Gnabagam Illayo
Paartha Gnabagam Illayo was an Indian Tamil-language soap opera starring Kushboo Sundar, Seenu, Delhi Kumar, Dr. Sharmila, Mercury Sathya and Bharath Kalyan. It aired on Kalaignar TV from 5 March 2012 to 31 July 2014 on Monday through Thursday at 21:30PM (IST) and The show was shifted to 20:30PM (IST) time Slot for 472 Episodes. The show was produced by Avni Telemedia and director by N.Priyan. The Family series received positive feedback from viewers and was a huge hit.

Dr. Sharmila
Dr. Sharmila (born 15 November 1974) is a doctor, actress, social activist and YouTuber from Tamil Nadu, India. She debuted in a STAR Vijay show, Puthira Punithama? along with N. Mathrubootham, which made her popular. She went on to act in various television series in both Tamil and Malayalam, and some Tamil films.
Eleanor Emery
Eleanor Emery, CMG (23 December 1918 – 22 June 2007) was  High Commissioner to Botswana from 1973 to 1977: the first British woman to reach that rank.

She was born in Glasgow but educated at Western Canada High School; and the University of Glasgow. She joined the Dominions Office in 1941  and was Assistant Private Secretary to the Secretary of State from  1942 to 1945. After that she served in Bechuanaland Ottawa, New Delhi and Pretoria. Appointed an Officer of HM Diplomatic Service in 1966, she was Head of the South Asia Department at the CRO then the  Pacific Dependent Territories Department before her Botswana appointment. She was Governor of the Commonwealth Institute from 1980 to 1985.

Diplomatic rank
Diplomatic rank is a system of professional and social rank used in the world of diplomacy and international relations. A diplomat's rank determines many ceremonial details, such as the order of precedence at official processions, table seatings at state dinners, the person to whom diplomatic credentials should be presented, and the title by which the diplomat should be addressed.
Wang Renmei
Wang Renmei (Chinese: 王人美; Wade–Giles: Wang Jen-mei; December 1914 – 2 April 1987) was a famous Chinese actress and singer nicknamed the "Wildcat of Shanghai".  She was mainly active during the 1930s, and her most notable film was the 1934 Song of the Fishermen (available online with English subtitles) directed by Cai Chusheng, which was the first Chinese film to win an international prize. In 2005, she was chosen as one of the 100 best actors of the 100 years of Chinese cinema.

Wang was married to Jin Yan, the Korean-born "Emperor of Chinese Cinema", and later to Ye Qianyu, a prominent artist.

Cai Chusheng
Cai Chusheng (January 12, 1906 – July 15, 1968) was a Chinese film director of the pre-Communist era, and was the first Chinese director to win an international film award at the Moscow International Film Festival, with his film Song of the Fishermen (1934). Best known for his progressive output in the 1930s, Cai Chusheng was later severely persecuted and died during the Cultural Revolution. His ashes are kept at the Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery in Beijing.
Danny McCormick
Danny McCormick is an American politician and businessman serving as a member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from the 1st district. Elected in November 2019, he assumed office on January 13, 2020.

Louisiana House of Representatives
The Louisiana House of Representatives (French: Chambre des Représentants de Louisiane; Spanish: Cámara de Representantes de Luisiana) is the lower house in the Louisiana State Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Louisiana. This chamber is composed of 105 representatives, each of whom represents approximately 42,500 people (2000 figures). Members serve four-year terms with a term limit of three terms (twelve years). The House is one of the five state legislative lower houses that has a four-year term, as opposed to the near-universal two-year term.

The House convenes at the State Capitol in Baton Rouge.
Galeno del Mal
Galeno del Mal (born August 20, 2001), known mononymously by the ring name Galeno, is a Mexican luchador, a masked professional wrestler,  currently working Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA) and WWE. He's  best known tenure for Pro Wrestling Noah where he is a former one time GHC National Champion and a member of All Rebellion.

Rey Horus
Rey Horus is a Mexican luchador enmascarado, or masked professional wrestler. He also currently works on the independent circuit in the United States and in Mexico. He is best known tenure for Major League Wrestling (MLW) and Ring Of Honor (ROH). He was also known as the second El Hijo de Rey Misterio, Spanish for "The Son of Rey Misterio", the second wrestler under that name after the first El Hijo de Rey Misterio, though he is not from the same family. His real name is not a matter of public record, as is often the case with masked wrestlers in Mexico where their private lives are kept a secret from the wrestling fans.
Haunani Kahalewai
Haunani Kahalewai (February 19, 1929 – March 2, 1982) was a singer and entertainer known as the "First Lady of Song in Hawai‘i". Her distinctive contralto voice spanned three octaves. She was featured on dozens of recordings and headlined the Polynesian Revue at the Royal Hawaiian Hotel in Waikiki. Kahalewai was inducted into the Hawaiian Music Hall of Fame in 1996.

Royal Hawaiian Hotel
The Royal Hawaiian Hotel is a beachfront luxury hotel located in Waikiki in Honolulu, Hawaii, on the island of Oahu. It is part of The Luxury Collection brand of Marriott International. One of the first hotels established in Waikiki, the Royal Hawaiian is considered one of the most luxurious and famous hotels in Hawaiian tourism and has hosted numerous celebrities and world dignitaries. The bright pink hue of its concrete stucco façade with its Spanish/Moorish styled architecture and prominent location on the wide sandy beach have earned it the alliterative nickname of "The Pink Palace of the Pacific".
Friends Till Death
Friends Till Death (Spanish: Amigos hasta la muerte) is a 2023 Spanish-Mexican comedy-drama film written and directed by Javier Veiga in his directorial debut. It stars Veiga, Marta Hazas and Mauricio Ochmann accompanied by Luna Gallego, Nacho Nugo, Óscar Allo, Xosé A. Touriñán, David Amor, Ledicia Sola, Xoel López, Fele Martínez and Mela Casal. It is based on the play of the same name by Javier Veiga.

Mauricio Ochmann
Mauricio Ochmann (born November 16, 1977) is an American and Mexican actor best known for his roles in telenovelas, such as Amarte Asi, where he starred as Ignacio "Nacho" Reyes. He also appeared in Kevin Costner's film Message in a Bottle, the TV series That's life and Latino Green.  He appeared as Fabián Duque in Telemundo's Dame Chocolate. He starred as Victorino Mora in Telemundo's hit Victorinos and was the leading role in the Telemundo novela El Clon. He is also the star of El Chema a spin off of his character "Chema Venegas" from the hit television series El Señor de los Cielos.
Tutankhamun (album)
Tutankhamun is a 1969 album by the Art Ensemble of Chicago first released on the Freedom label. It features performances by Lester Bowie, Joseph Jarman, Roscoe Mitchell and Malachi Favors Maghostut.

The album was named for Tutankhamun, an Egyptian pharaoh of the 18th dynasty.

Lester Bowie
Lester Bowie (October 11, 1941 – November 8, 1999) was an American jazz trumpet player and composer. He was a member of the Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians and co-founded the Art Ensemble of Chicago.
Drake Hotel (New York City)
The Drake Hotel was a hotel at 440 Park Avenue and 56th Street, in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. Built in 1926 by Bing & Bing, it contained 495 rooms across 21 floors. It was sold in 2006 and demolished to make way for a residential skyscraper called 432 Park Avenue.

Bing & Bing
Bing & Bing was one of the most important apartment real estate developers in New York City in the early 20th century.

The firm was founded by Leo S. Bing (1874–1956) and his brother, Alexander M. Bing (1878–1959). The brothers often worked with the architect Emery Roth on buildings like The Alden, at 82nd Street and Central Park West, and the Southgate complex of apartment houses on the south side of 52nd Street between First Avenue and the East River.  In 1985, the heirs of the Bings sold most of their buildings to a partnership led by Martin J. Raynes.

The firm had a reputation for building "stately, spacious apartments in elegantly detailed buildings that often had Art Deco touches."  Bing & Bing buildings, all built for the luxury market, often feature multiple setbacks with private terraces.  According to The New York Times, "The Bing & Bing buildings are regarded as among the city's finest prewar properties."
Mi hermano Esopo
Mi hermano Esopo is a 1952 Argentine film of the classical era of Argentine cinema, directed by Luis Mottura and written by María Luz Regás and Roberto Gill. It premiered on 17 January 1952 and starred Mario Fortuna, Gregorio Cicarell, Pierina Dealessi and Susana Campos.

Mario Fortuna
Mario Fortuna (27 May 1911 - 11 February 1968) was an Argentine actor. He starred in the 1950 film Campeón a la fuerza and 1953's The Voice of My City.

As an actor, he is known for Idols of the Radio (1934) and Pasó en mi barrio (1951) and Con el más puro amor (1966). Actor Mario Fortuna Jr is his son. He died on 11 February 1968 in Buenos Aires, Argentina.