hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Porcupine Branch
The Porcupine Branch is a railway line in the province of Ontario, in Canada. It runs 24 miles (39 km) from a junction with the Ontario Northland Railway main line in Iroquois Falls to Porcupine, Ontario. The line formerly continued west to Timmins. It is owned and operated by the Ontario Northland Railway.

Timmins
Timmins (/ˈtɪmɪns/ TIM-inss) is a city in northeastern Ontario, Canada, located on the Mattagami River. The city is the fourth-largest city in the Northeastern Ontario region with a population of 41,145 at the 2021 Canadian census and an estimated population of 44,819 in 2023. The city's economy is based on natural resource extraction. It is supported by industries related to lumbering, and to the mining of gold, zinc, copper, nickel, and silver. Timmins serves as a regional service and distribution centre.

The city has a large Francophone community, with more than 50% of the residents bilingual in French and English.
Eucalyptus alipes
Eucalyptus alipes, also known as Hyden mallet, is a mallet that is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has smooth grey to light brown or bronze bark, linear to narrow elliptic leaves, oval to spindle-shaped buds with a long, narrow operculum and conical fruits.

Operculum (botany)
In botany, an operculum (pl.: opercula) or calyptra (from Ancient Greek  καλύπτρα (kalúptra) 'veil') is a cap-like structure in some flowering plants, mosses, and fungi. It is a covering, hood or lid, describing a feature in plant morphology.
Josh Revak
Joshua Carl Revak (born January 21, 1981) is an American politician who served as a member of the Alaska Senate since November 2, 2019 from January 17, 2023. Originally elected to the Alaska House of Representatives in 2018, Revak was appointed to the Senate to replace Chris Birch, whom he replaced in the House, when Birch died suddenly in August 2019.

Alaska House of Representatives
The Alaska House of Representatives is the lower house in the Alaska State Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Alaska. The House is composed of 40 members, each of whom represents a district of approximately 17,756 people per 2010 census figures.  Members serve two-year terms without term limits. With 40 representatives, the Alaska House is the smallest state legislative lower chamber in the United States. The House convenes at the State Capitol in Juneau.
Amsterdam Amstel station
Amsterdam Amstel (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌɑmstərˈdɑm ˈɑmstəl]; abbreviation: Asa) is a railway station in Amsterdam, Netherlands. The station opened in 1939. It is located to the southeast of Amsterdam Centraal in the borough of Amsterdam-Oost, near the Amstel river. Amsterdam Amstel is used daily by 50,000 train and metro passengers. Rail services at the station are provided by NS, the principal railway operator in the Netherlands. Metro, tram and city bus services are provided by municipal operator GVB. Regional buses are operated by Transdev and Keolis.

Amstel station is situated in the Omval business district which includes the Rembrandt Tower, the tallest skyscraper in the city, and the Leeuwenburg campus of the Hogeschool van Amsterdam.

Nederlandse Spoorwegen
Nederlandse Spoorwegen ([ˈneːdərlɑntsə ˈspoːrˌʋeːɣə(n)] ⓘ, lit. 'Dutch Railways', NS [ɛnˈɛs] ⓘ) is the principal passenger railway operator in the Netherlands. It is a Dutch state-owned company founded in 1938.

The rail infrastructure is maintained by network manager ProRail, which was split off from NS in 2003. Freight operator NS Cargo merged with DB Cargo in 2000. NS runs 4,800 scheduled domestic trains a day, serving 1.1 million passengers. The NS also provides international rail services from the Netherlands to other European destinations and carries out concessions on some foreign rail markets through its subsidiary Abellio.
Ljiljana Čolić
Ljiljana Čolić (Serbian: Љиљана Чолић; born 1956) is a Serbian orientalist, university professor and former politician. Čolić is the full professor at the department for Turkish language, literature and culture of the University of Belgrade's Faculty of Philology. She served as Minister for Education and Sport in the Government of Serbia for a few months in 2004, but resigned after public backlash when she tried to remove evolution from the elementary school curriculum.

University of Belgrade Faculty of Philology
The Faculty of Philology  is one of the constituent schools of the University of Belgrade. The school's purpose is to train and educate its students in the academic study or practice in linguistics and philology.
2019 Zippo 200 at The Glen
The 2019 Zippo 200 at The Glen is a NASCAR Xfinity Series race held on August 3, 2019, at Watkins Glen International in Watkins Glen, New York. Contested over 82 laps on the 2.45-mile (3.94 km) road course, it was the 20th race of the 2019 NASCAR Xfinity Series season. Austin Cindric won his first career Xfinity Series race after catching, passing, and holding off experienced Watkins Glen cup winner A. J. Allmendinger, who would later be disqualified from the event.

Watkins Glen, New York
Watkins Glen is a village and census-designated place in and the county seat of Schuyler County, New York, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,829. Watkins Glen lies between the towns of Dix and Reading. To the southwest of the village is the Watkins Glen International race track, which hosts annual NASCAR Cup Series and WeatherTech SportsCar Championship races, and formerly hosted the Formula One United States Grand Prix and various IndyCar races.
2026 London Broncos season
The 2026 London Broncos season is the 47th year in the club's history and their first season under the ownership group of Darren Lockyer, Grant Wechsel and Gary Hetherington. It is their fifth season at Plough Lane as tenants of AFC Wimbledon. They are coached by new Head coach Jason Demetriou who is assisted by the returning Danny Ward. The Broncos will compete in the 2026 RFL Championship, 2026 Challenge Cup and the 2026 RFL 1895 Cup.

London Broncos
The London Broncos are a professional rugby league club based in Wimbledon, England. They play their home games at Plough Lane and compete in the Betfred Championship.

Whilst the club has never won a major trophy, they have finished second in the League Championship once and have been Challenge Cup runners-up once. They have also won the Championship Grand Final, to gain promotion to the Super League, on two occasions.

Originally formed as Fulham Rugby League Club in 1980, they have also previously been known as London Crusaders and Harlequins Rugby League. London's home colours are black, red and white.
Hans Christian Holte
Hans Christian Holte (born 11 March 1965) is a Norwegian civil servant. He most recently served as the Labour and Welfare Director from 2020 until his firing in 2025.

Having graduated as cand.polit. in political science from the University of Oslo in 1992, he became head of department in the Norwegian Directorate for Health and Social Affairs in 2002 and deputy under-secretary of state in the Ministry of Education and Research. He also served as assisting permanent under-secretary of state. From 2008 to 2013 he was the director of the Agency for Public Management and eGovernment. From 2013 until 2020, he was the Director of the  Norwegian Tax Administration and was succeeded by Nina Schanke Funnemark. That same year he was nominated as Labour and Welfare Director and assumed office on 1 August.

Following his firing as Labour and Welfare Director in November 2025, Holte joined the Norwegian Digitalisation Agrncy as an advisor.

Labour and Welfare Director
The Labour and Welfare Director (Norwegian: Arbeids- og velferdsdirektør) is an office (embete) in Norway, created in 2006. The Labour and Welfare Director is the head of the Labour and Welfare Service (including the Labour and Welfare Directorate) as well as the Labour and Welfare Administration (NAV), which comprises both the state Labour and Welfare Service and the municipal labour and welfare offices. The Labour and Welfare Director is appointed by the King-in-Council, effectively by the government. The Director is responsible for one third of the state budget of Norway and 19,000 employees (including 14,000 state employees). It is the only office in Norway to be responsible for both state and municipal services. The incumbent Labour and Welfare Director is Joakim Lystad.
Sarfaraz Khan
Sarfarāz Khān (c. 1700 – 29 April 1740), born Mīrza Asadullāh, was a Nawab of Bengal. Sarfaraz Khan's maternal grandfather, Nawab Murshid Quli Khan of Bengal nominated him as the direct heir to him as there was no direct heir. After Murshid Quli's death in 1727, Sarfaraz ascended to the Masnad of the Nawab. Sarfaraz's father, Shuja-ud-Din Muhammad Khan, then the Subahdar of Orissa, getting to know it arrived at Murshidabad, the capital of the Nawabs of Bengal with a huge army. To avoid a conflict in the family the dowager Begum of the Nawab asked Shuja-ud-Din to ascend to the Masnad after Sarfaraz abdicated in favour of his father. However, circumstances led Shuja-ud-Din to nominate Sarfaraz as his heir and after Shuja-us-Din's death in 1739, Sarfaraz Khan again ascended to the throne as the Nawab of Bengal.

Begum
Begum (also Begüm, Bagum, Begom, Begam, Baigum or Beygum) is an honorific title from Central and South Asia, often used by leading women in society, including royals, aristocrats, first ladies and prime ministers. It is the feminine equivalent of the title baig or bey, which in Turkic languages means "higher official". It usually refers to the wife or daughter of a beg. The related form begzada (daughter of a beg) also occurs.

In the Indian subcontinent, particularly in Delhi, Hyderabad, Sindh, Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Bengal, begum has been adapted for use as an honorific for Muslim women of high social status, accomplishment, or rank, as in English language the title "Lady" or "Dame" is used.
Kayan people (Borneo)
Being an indigenous people in Borneo, the Kayan people are similar to their neighbours, the Kenyah people, with which they are grouped together with the Bahau people under the Apo Kayan people group. The Kayan people are categorised as a part of the Dayak people. They are distinct from, and not to be confused with, the Kayan people of Myanmar.

The population of the Kayan ethnic group may be around 200,000. They are part of a larger grouping of people referred collectively as the Orang Ulu, or upriver people. Like some other Dayak people, they are known for being fierce warriors, former headhunters, adept in upland rice cultivation, and having extensive tattoos and stretched earlobes amongst both sexes.

Bahau people
Bahau or Kayan Mekam people is a sub-ethnic group of the Apo Kayan people who inhabit West Kutai Regency (9.3%), East Kalimantan, Indonesia.

They are found in regional districts of :-

Long Iram district, West Kutai Regency

Long Bagun district, Mahakam Ulu Regency

Long Pahangai, Mahakam Ulu Regency
Vilsmeier–Haack reaction
The Vilsmeier–Haack reaction (also called the Vilsmeier reaction) is the chemical reaction of a substituted formamide (1) with phosphorus oxychloride and an electron-rich arene (3) to produce an aryl aldehyde or ketone (5):

RC(=O)NR′R″ + HArZ + POCl3 + H2O → RC(=O)ArZ + NR′R″H + HCl + H3PO4

The reaction is named after Anton Vilsmeier and Albrecht Haack.

For example, benzanilide and dimethylaniline react with phosphorus oxychloride to produce an unsymmetrical diaryl ketone. Similarly, anthracene is formylated at the 9-position. The reaction of anthracene with N-methylformanilide, also using phosphorus oxychloride, gives 9-anthracenecarboxaldehyde:

N-Methylformanilide and anthracene and phosphorus oxychloride

In general, the electron-rich arene (3) must be much more active than benzene for the reaction to proceed; phenols or anilines are good substrates.

Aldehyde
In organic chemistry, an aldehyde (/ˈældɪhaɪd/) (lat. alcohol dehydrogenatum, dehydrogenated alcohol) is an organic compound containing a functional group with the structure R−CH=O. The functional group itself (without the "R" side chain) can be referred to as an aldehyde but can also be classified as a formyl group. Aldehydes are a common motif in many chemicals important in technology and biology.
Stephanie Balduccini
Stephanie Balduccini (born 20 September 2004) is a Brazilian swimmer. She competed in the 2020 Summer Olympics at age 16. In the 100m freestyle, she finished 6th at the 2024 World Championships in Doha, and obtained a silver at the 2023 Pan American Games.

She is the daughter of Natalie, a British descendant who was born in Brazil, and Bruno. They both enrolled her in an English language school as a child, so the first language she learned was English, not Portuguese, which she later mastered. She began her career at Paineiras do Morumby club as a child. Her first international experience came in 2019, with the South American Youth Championship. She stood out by winning the 50-metre freestyle event in Chile. In the 2020 Brasil Swimming Trophy, she won the 50m freestyle event in the skins format.

2023 Pan American Games
The 2023 Pan American Games (Spanish: Juegos Panamericanos de 2023), officially the XIX Pan American Games (Spanish: XIX Juegos Panamericanos) and commonly known as Santiago 2023, were an  international multi-sport event governed by the Panam Sports Organization, held in Santiago, Chile from 20 October to 5 November 2023; preliminary rounds in certain events began on 18 October 2023. These are the first Pan American Games to be held in Chile, and the eighth to be held in South America.

The games were held in 39 venues across the Santiago Metropolitan Region and another three regions of Chile. The Pan American Games and the 2023 Parapan American Games were organized by the Santiago Organizing Committee for the 2023 Pan and Parapan American Games.
Larine Tang
Larine Tang Yue-ping (Chinese: 鄧月平; born 4 December 1997) is a Hong Kong actress best known for her debut role in the comedy film The Yuppie Fantasia 3 (2017), which earned her a nomination of Best New Performer in the 37th Hong Kong Film Awards.

Hong Kong Film Award for Best New Performer
The Hong Kong Film Award for Best New Performer is an annual Hong Kong industry award presented to an actor or actress for the best performance by a new artist. The performance is often, but not obligatory, the debut role of the artist.
Xenovenator
Xenovenator (lit. 'strange hunter') is an extinct genus of troodontid theropod dinosaurs known from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian age) of North America. The type species of the genus, Xenovenator espinosai, is known from fragmentary skull bones found in the Cerro del Pueblo Formation of Mexico. It is characterized by an unusually expanded and rugose skull roof, somewhat comparable to that seen in pachycephalosaurs. This may imply Xenovenator individuals engaged in combat with other members of their species, a behavior for which adaptations had not been previously observed in non-avian paravians.

Saurornitholestes robustus, known from the Kirtland Formation of New Mexico, United States, may also belong to this genus, although it lacks the characteristic domed skull roof of X. espinosai.

Cerro del Pueblo Formation
The Cerro del Pueblo Formation is a geological formation in Saltillo, capital city of the state of Coahuila, Mexico, whose strata date back to the latest Campanian of the Late Cretaceous, just before the Campanian-Maastrichtian boundary. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation. The formation is believed to correlate with the Baculites reesidesi and Baculites jenseni ammonite zones, which dates it to 73.63-72.74 Ma.

The Cerro del Pueblo Formation includes marine, brackish, and non-marine environments, and was laid down in a coastal lowland environment, with Coahuila being on the edge of the Western Interior Seaway at the time. Fossils are abundant in the Cerro del Pueblo Formation, and include dinosaurs and other vertebrates, plants and seeds, and invertebrates including oysters, snails, and other molluscs. The formation is underlain by the Parras Shale and is overlain by the Cerro Huerta Formation.
C12orf60
Uncharacterized protein C12orf60 is a protein that in humans (Homo sapiens) is encoded by the C12orf60 gene. The gene is also known as LOC144608 or MGC47869. The protein lacks transmembrane domains and helices, but it is rich in alpha-helices. It is predicted to localize in the nucleus.

The C12orf60 mature mRNA transcript is 1139 nucleotides long and encodes a protein containing 245 amino acids. The protein lacks transmembrane domains and helices, but it is rich in alpha-helices. It is predicted to localize in the nucleus, but its function is not yet well understood by the scientific community. The gene was listed as a potential biomarker for detecting the efficacy of allergen immunotherapy.

The gene is highly expressed in the testes and colon, but it is also expressed in the kidney, breast carcinomas, brain, and various endocrine glands.

Alpha helix
An alpha helix (or α-helix) is a sequence of amino acids in a protein that are twisted into a coil (a helix).

The alpha helix is the most common structural arrangement in the secondary structure of proteins. It is also the most extreme type of local structure, and it is the local structure that is most easily predicted from a sequence of amino acids.

The alpha helix has a right-handed helix conformation in which every backbone N−H group hydrogen bonds to the backbone C=O group of the amino acid that is four residues earlier in the protein sequence.
Arutperunjothi
Arutperunjothi is a 1971 Indian Tamil language devotional film based on the life of Ramalinga Swamigal (popularly known as Vallalar) directed by A. T. Krishnaswamy, starring Master Sridhar, A. P. Nagarajan, K. A. Thangavelu, M. Saroja, Devaki, and T. S. Balaiah. It was released on 5 June 1971.

K. A. Thangavelu
Karaikal Arunachalam Thangavelu (15 January 1917 – 28 September 1994) popularly known as "Danaal Thangavelu", was an Indian actor and comedian popular in the 1950s to 1970s. Not known for physical, acrobatic comedy like his contemporaries J. P. Chandrababu and Nagesh, Thangavelu's humour is recognised for his impeccable timing in verbal agility and the characteristic twang of his delivery. He exclusively acted in Tamil films.
Spiral vegetable slicer
Spiral vegetable slicers (also known as spiralizers) are kitchen appliances used for cutting vegetables, such as zucchinis (to make zoodles), potatoes, cucumbers, carrots, apples, parsnips, and beetroots, into linguine-like strands which can be used as an alternative to pasta.

Linguine
Linguine (lit. 'little tongues'), sometimes anglicized as linguini, is a type of pasta similar to fettuccine and trenette, distinguished by its elliptical rather than flat section. Around about 4 millimetres (5⁄32 in) in width, it is wider than spaghetti, but less wide than fettuccine. Linguine was traditionally served with sauces such as pesto, but others such as tomato or fish based sauces are popular as well.

Linguine originated in the city of Genoa and is based on more traditional pastas.
Francesco Raschini
Francesco Raschini (born 9 June 1977) is an Italian professional darts player who currently plays in World Darts Federation (WDF) events. He is the first Italian player who played in the World Darts Championship.

World Darts Federation
The World Darts Federation (WDF) is a sport governing body and (along with the PDC) a tournament organiser for the game of darts. It was formed in 1974 by representatives of the original fourteen founding members. Membership is open to the national organising body for darts in all nations. The WDF encourages the promotion of the sport of darts among and between those bodies, in an effort to gain international recognition for darts as a major sport. The WDF was a full member of Global Association of International Sports Federations, which was the governing body for international sports federations, until dissolution in 2023.
Agent causation
Agent causation (or agent causality) is a category of determination in metaphysics, where a being who is not an event—namely an agent—can cause events (particularly the agent's own actions). Agent causation contrasts with event causation, which occurs when an event causes another event. Whether agent causation as a concept is logically sound is itself a topic of philosophical debate.

Defenders of this theory include Thomas Reid and Roderick Chisholm. Reid believed that agents are the only beings who have a will, and considered having a will to be a necessary condition of being considered the cause of an event.

Agency (philosophy)
Agency is the capacity of an actor to act in a given environment. In some contexts, the exercise of agency is linked to questions of moral responsibility, and may pertain to questions of moral agency.

Agency may either be classified as unconscious, involuntary behavior, or purposeful, goal directed activity (intentional action). An agent typically has some sort of immediate awareness of their physical activity and the goals that the activity is aimed at realizing. In 'goal directed action' an agent implements a kind of direct control or guidance over their own behavior.
Nqoko kaGcaleka
Prince Nqoko kaGcaleka (c. 1769 - 1822)  was a regent king of the Xhosa nation.

Nqoko kaGcaleka was the third son of Gcaleka kaPhalo and took over the throne as regent when his oldest brother Khawuta kaGcaleka died in 1804, serving until 1810 when his nephew Hintsa kaKhawuta took over.

Khawuta kaGcaleka
King Khawuta ka-Gcaleka (c. 1761–1804) was the king of the AmaXhosa Nation from 1778 To 1794. He was a direct descendant of King Phalo's Great House.

King Khawuta Ka-Gcaleka was the eldest son of King Gcaleka kaPhalo children.

King Khawuta Ka-Gcaleka had three known sons, Prince Bhurhu kaKhawuta (1785), King Hintsa kaKhawuta (1787) and Prince Malashe kaKhawuta (1793).

King Khawuta Ka-Gcaleka died in 1804 near what is now Kentani in the Eastern Cape Province. Other sources record 1794 or 1820 as the year of death.
William Brown (plant pathologist)
William Brown FRS (17 February 1888 – 18 January 1975) was a British mycologist and plant pathologist, known for his ground-breaking research on fungal physiology and the physiology of plant parasitism by fungi, carried out in 1912–28. Born in rural Scotland and educated at the University of Edinburgh, he spent nearly all his career at the Imperial College of Science and Technology in London, where he created the plant pathology research school in the 1920s, becoming Britain's first professor of plant pathology in 1928, and heading the department of botany (1938–53). He was president of the Association of Applied Biologists and the British Mycological Society. He studied Botrytis cinerea, which causes grey mould in a variety of plants, and various Fusarium species that attack apples.

Association of Applied Biologists
The Association of Applied Biologists (AAB) is a United Kingdom biological science learned society. From its foundation in 1904 until 1934, the institution was the Association of Economic Biologists. It publishes research and holds conferences in different specialisms of applied biology.
James Duane (fireboat)
The James Duane was a fireboat operated by the Fire Department of New York from 1908 to 1959.

The James Duane and her sister ship the Thomas Willett were wooden hulled steam-powered vessels.  They could proceed at 14 knots (16 mph).  Their pumps could discharge 9,000 gallons per minute.  One of their water cannons was mounted on a tower.

The James Duane was named after the 44th mayor of New York City, James Duane.

Thomas Willett (fireboat)
Thomas Willett was a New York City Fire Department fireboat.  She was launched in 1908 and retired in 1959. She was built as a steam-engine powered vessel with coal-fired boilers.  She was converted to oil-fired boilers in 1926.