hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hogebrug
Hogebrug is a village in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is a part of the former municipality of Reeuwijk, and lies about 6 km east of Gouda.

The statistical area "Hogebrug", which also can include the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 120.

Gouda, South Holland
Gouda (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɣʌudaː] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in the west of the Netherlands, between Rotterdam and Utrecht, in the  province of South Holland. Gouda has a population of 75,000 and is famous for its Gouda cheese, stroopwafels, many grachten, smoking pipes, and its 15th-century city hall. Its array of historic churches and other buildings makes it a very popular day-trip destination.

In the Middle Ages the Van der Goude family founded a settlement at the location of the current city and built a fortified castle alongside the banks of the Gouwe River, from which the family and the city took their names. Locals long called the settlement Ter Goude, or Tergou or Tergouw for short.
The area, originally marshland, developed over the course of two centuries. By 1225, a canal was linked to the Gouwe and its estuary became a harbour. In 1272 Floris V, Count of Holland granted the city city rights.
Harrisburg in the American Civil War
During the American Civil War, Pennsylvania was the second largest state in the Union, and Harrisburg was the state's capital. Located at the intersection of important railroads, Harrisburg proved an important supply and logistics center for the dissemination and transportation of materiel for the Union Army. Tens of thousands of new recruits were mustered into service or drilled at a series of Harrisburg-area United States Army training camps, including the sprawling Camp Curtin. Confederate forces under Lieutenant General Richard S. Ewell threatened Harrisburg during the June 1863 Gettysburg campaign, but were instead called by General Robert E. Lee to return to the Gettysburg campaign. Pennsylvania Governor Andrew Curtin ordered local workers to erect a series of forts and earthworks to protect the city, which then had a population of 13,000 residents.

Camp Hill, Pennsylvania
Camp Hill is a borough in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is 3 miles (5 km) southwest of Harrisburg and is part of the Harrisburg–Carlisle metropolitan statistical area. The population was 8,130 at the 2020 census. There are many large corporations based in nearby East Pennsboro Township and Wormleysburg that use the Camp Hill postal address, including the Harsco Corporation and until 2022 the Rite Aid Corporation.
6th APAN Star Awards
The 6th APAN Star Awards (Korean: 제6회 에이판 스타 어워즈) ceremony was held on October 13, 2018 at Kyunghee University Peace Hall, Seoul, hosted by Kim Seung-woo. First held in 2012, the annual awards ceremony recognizes the excellence in South Korea's television. Nominees were selected from 93 Korean dramas that aired on broadcasting networks MBC, KBS and SBS and cable channels tvN, jtbc, OCN, MBN and TV Chosun, from September 2, 2017 to September 2, 2018.

The highest honor of the ceremony, Grand Prize (Daesang), was awarded to the actor Lee Byung-hun of the drama series Mr. Sunshine.

APAN Star Awards
The APAN Star Awards is an awards ceremony for excellence in television in South Korea and contribution to Korean Wave, organized by the Korea Entertainment Management Association (CEMA). Nominees for the awards are selected from Korean dramas that airs on the three major broadcasting networks (KBS, MBC and SBS) and cable channels (tvN, jtbc, OCN, MBN and TV Chosun) from October of the previous year to September of the current year.
Tar
Tar is a dark brown or black viscous liquid of hydrocarbons and free carbon, obtained from a wide variety of organic materials through destructive distillation. Tar can be produced from carbon-rich materials such as coal, wood, petroleum, peat, and other organic matter.

Mineral products resembling tar can be produced from fossil hydrocarbons, such as petroleum. Coal tar is produced from coal as a byproduct of coke production.

Sauna
A sauna (/ˈsɔːnə, ˈsaʊnə/, Finnish: [ˈsɑu̯nɑ]) is a room or building designed as a place to experience dry or wet heat sessions or an establishment with one or more of these facilities. The steam and high heat make the bathers perspire. A thermometer in a sauna is used to measure temperature; a hygrometer can be used to measure levels of humidity or steam. Infrared therapy is often referred to as a type of sauna, but according to the Finnish sauna organizations, infrared is not a sauna.
KYNR
KYNR (1490 AM, "Voice of the Yakama Nation") is a radio station broadcasting a variety music format. Licensed to Toppenish, Washington, United States, the station is currently owned by Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation and features programming from National Public Radio and Native Voice One.

Koahnic Broadcast Corporation
Koahnic Broadcast Corporation (KBC) is a nonprofit media center that provides Native radio programming through Alaska Native governance and operation.  KBC’s radio programming consists of National Native News, Native America Calling, and Indigefi, some of which can be heard nationally through their Native Voice One service. KBC also owns and operates KNBA (90.3 FM) located in Anchorage, Alaska, the first Native radio station in an urban market, and Rising Indigenous Voices Radio (RIVR), an internet radio station streaming modern Native music.
Montgomery Ward Records
Montgomery Ward Records was American retailer Montgomery Ward's store brand record label. The records were sold at a lower than industry standard prices through company stores and catalogs. During its prolific run, the label issued many important country and jazz recordings.

Montgomery Ward
Montgomery Ward is the name of two U.S. retail corporations. The original Montgomery Ward & Co. was a mail-order business and later a department store chain that operated between 1872 and 2001; its common nickname was "Monkey Wards". The current Montgomery Ward Inc. is an online shopping and mail-order catalog retailer that started three years after the original Montgomery Ward went out of business.
Midwest Questar Arrowstar
The Midwest Questar Arrowstar is an American ultralight aircraft that was designed and produced by Midwest Engineering of Overland Park, Kansas. When it was available the aircraft was supplied in the form of plans for amateur construction, but the plans were withdrawn on 29 June 2000.

Midwest Engineering & Design
Midwest Engineering & Design (also called just Midwest Engineering) is an American aircraft, boat and submarine manufacturer based in Overland Park, Kansas. The company specializes in the design and manufacture of a wide variety of vehicles and other products under the motto "Exploring our world by land, sea and air".

The company is a division of Digital Marketing USA.

The company's products include autogyros, sailboats, submarines, Scuba diver propulsion vehicle, hydrofoils, off-road motorcycles, amphibious gliders, underwater camera housings, hydrophones, powered paragliders, a line of outdoor cookbooks and a discontinued line of ultralight aircraft and helicopters. Some products are available as plans, kits, parts or complete units.
Jankoviči
Jankoviči (pronounced [janˈkɔːʋitʃi] or [janˈkoːʋitʃi]) is a settlement on the main road from Črnomelj to Adlešiči in the White Carniola area of southeastern Slovenia. It is made up of the hamlets of Rim, Šoštariči, Karaman, and Jankoviči. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

Adlešiči
Adlešiči (pronounced [ˈaːdlɛʃitʃi]; German: Adleschitz) is a settlement on the left bank of the Kolpa River in the Municipality of Črnomelj in the White Carniola area of southeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region. It also encompasses a hamlet to the east near the bank of the Kolpa River called Nabrežci (literally, 'on the bank'), also known as Nabreško Selo (Slovene: Nabreško selo, literally 'settlement on the bank').
2015 Roger Federer tennis season
Roger Federer's 2015 tennis season began on 4 January 2015 at the 2015 Brisbane International. Federer added a new tactic nicknamed the SABR ("Sneak Attack by Roger") to his strategy. Like the prior season, he reached 11 finals. Highlights from this season include winning his 1000th career match in Brisbane, surpassing 9000 aces in Dubai, winning his first red clay court title in almost 6 years at the Istanbul Open, and two major runner-up finishes at both Wimbledon and the US Open. Despite the success, Federer dropped a rank to No. 3, ending the year with 6 titles.

2015 US Open (tennis)
The 2015 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 135th edition of the US Open, the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It took place at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center.

Marin Čilić was the defending champion in the men's singles event, but lost to eventual champion Novak Djokovic in the semifinals. Serena Williams was the three-time defending champion in the women's singles event and was also trying to complete the first calendar Grand Slam since Steffi Graf in 1988, having won the Australian Open, French Open and Wimbledon, but lost to Roberta Vinci in the semifinals. Flavia Pennetta won the women's singles title and became the first Italian to win the US Open. The finalists Vinci and Flavia Pennetta were childhood friends from Southern Italy and grew up together.
Prince of Wales Island (Queensland)
The Prince of Wales Island, or Muralag, is an island of the Torres Strait Islands archipelago at the tip of Cape York Peninsula within the Endeavour Strait of Torres Strait in Queensland, Australia. The island is situated approximately 20 km (12 mi) north of Muttee Heads which is adjacent to Bamaga and south of Thursday Island. It is within the locality of Prince Of Wales within the Shire of Torres. In the 2021 census, Prince Of Wales had a population of 62 people.

Most of the land has been returned to the Kaurareg people, who are the traditional residents on the island.

Bamaga
Bamaga (English: /ˈbæməɡə/ BAM-ə-gə, Kala Lagaw Ya: [ˈbamaɡa]) is an Indigenous town and locality about 40 kilometres (25 mi) from the northern tip of Cape York in the north of Queensland, Australia. It is within the Northern Peninsula Area Region. It is one of the northernmost settlements in continental Australia and is the administrative centre for the Northern Peninsula Area Regional Council.

In the 2021 census, the locality of Bamaga had a population of 1,186 people.
Woodford Wells
Woodford Wells is a small settlement on the edge of Epping Forest, in Woodford, East London. The area lies about 9.5 miles (15.3 km) north-east of Charing Cross.

The name is shown in the Chapman and Andre 1777 map of Essex, and shortly after on an Ordnance Survey map of 1805; the name refers to mineral water wells.  In the 18th century briefly the hamlet was a small spa but by the 1870s the wells had been long neglected and Woodford Wells had become part of a "straggle of hamlets".  Among its notable features is the Horse & Well, a 17th-century coaching inn still in operation.  Woodford Wells is home to Woodford Wells F.C.

East London
East London is the part of London, England, east of the ancient City of London and north of the River Thames as it begins to widen. East London developed as London's docklands and the primary industrial centre. The expansion of railways in the 19th century encouraged the eastward expansion of the East End of London and a proliferation of new suburbs. The industrial lands of East London are today an area of regeneration, which are well advanced in places such as Canary Wharf and ongoing elsewhere.
Forearm (firearm component)
In firearms, the forearm (also known as the fore-end/forend, handguard or forestock) is a section of a gunstock between the receiver and the muzzle.  It is used as a gripping surface to hold the gun steady and is usually made out of heat-insulating material such as wood or reinforced plastic. Near the front of the forearm there is often an underside sling swivel stud and sometimes also a barrel-band to secure the forearm to the barrel (as seen in the photo).

Some forearms are equipped with additional heat shields to protect the user from heat radiating from the barrel when the firearm is fired.

Receiver (firearms)
In firearms terminology and law, the firearm frame or receiver is the part of a firearm which integrates other components by providing housing for internal action components such as the hammer, bolt or breechblock, firing pin and extractor, and has threaded interfaces for externally attaching ("receiving") components such as the barrel, stock, trigger mechanism and iron/optical sights. Some firearm designs, such as the AR-15 platform, feature receivers that have 2 separate sub-assemblies called the upper receiver which houses the barrel/trunnion, bolt components etc and the lower receiver (trigger mechanism housing in some cases) that holds the fire control group, pistol grip, selector, stock etc.

The receiver is often made of forged, machined, or stamped steel or aluminium. Apart from these traditional materials, modern techniques have introduced polymer and sintered metal powder receivers to the market.
Galaksija (computer)
The Galaksija (Serbian Cyrillic: Галаксија; Serbian pronunciation: [galǎksija], meaning "Galaxy") was a build-it-yourself computer designed by Voja Antonić. It was featured in the special edition Računari u vašoj kući (Computers in your home, written by Dejan Ristanović) of a popular eponymous science magazine, published late December 1983 in Belgrade, Yugoslavia. Kits were available but not required as it could be built entirely out of standard off-the-shelf parts. It was later also available in complete form.

Dot matrix
A dot matrix is a 2-dimensional patterned array, used to represent characters, symbols and images. Most types of modern technology use dot matrices for display of information, including mobile phones, televisions, and printers. The system is also used in textiles with sewing, knitting and weaving.

An alternate form of information display using lines and curves is known as a vector display, was used with early computing devices such as air traffic control radar displays and pen-based plotters but is no longer used. Electronic vector displays were typically monochrome only, and either leave the interiors of closed vector shapes unfilled, or perform slow, time-consuming and often non-uniform shape-filling, as on pen-based plotters.

In printers, the dots are usually the darkened areas of the paper. In displays, the dots may light up, as in an LED, CRT, or plasma display, or darken, as in an LCD.
Reduction criterion
In quantum information theory, the reduction criterion is a necessary condition a mixed state must satisfy in order for it to be separable. In other words, the reduction criterion is a separability criterion. It was first proved 
and independently formulated in 1999. Violation of the reduction criterion is closely related to the distillability of the state in question.

Entanglement distillation
Entanglement distillation (also called entanglement purification) is the transformation of N copies of an arbitrary entangled state  into some number of approximately pure Bell pairs, using only local operations and classical communication. Entanglement distillation can overcome the degenerative influence of noisy quantum channels by transforming previously shared, less-entangled pairs into a smaller number of maximally-entangled pairs.
Apollodorus of Cyrene
Apollodorus of Cyrene (Greek: Ἀπολλόδωρος ὁ Κυρηναῖος) was a grammarian of ancient Greece, who was often cited by other Greek grammarians, as by the Scholiast on Euripides, in the Etymologicum Magnum, and in the Suda. From Athenaeus it would seem that he wrote a work on drinking vessels (ποτήρια), and if we may believe the authority of the 16th-century Italian mythographer Natalis Comes, he also wrote a work on the gods, but this may possibly be a confusion of this Apollodorus with the celebrated grammarian and mythographer Apollodorus of Athens.

Apollodorus of Athens
Apollodorus of Athens (Ancient Greek: Ἀπολλόδωρος ὁ Ἀθηναῖος, Apollodoros ho Athenaios; c. 180 BC – after 120 BC), son of Asclepiades, was a Greek scholar, historian, and grammarian. He was a pupil of Diogenes of Babylon, Panaetius the Stoic, and the grammarian Aristarchus of Samothrace, under whom he appears to have studied together with his contemporary Dionysius Thrax. He left (perhaps fled) Alexandria around 146 BC, most likely for Pergamon, and eventually settled in Athens.
Pyramiden Heliport
Pyramiden Heliport (Norwegian: Pyramiden helikopterhavn; ICAO: ENPY) is a heliport located at Pyramiden in Svalbard, Norway. The airport is owned and operated by Arktikugol, who owns the mining town. The airport consists of a gravel runway and apron measuring 90 by 40 meters (300 by 130 ft) and a small terminal building. There is capacity for up to three helicopters on the apron. Flights are carried out by Spark+ using two Mil Mi-8 helicopters. Flights are flown to Barentsburg Heliport, Heerodden and Svalbard Airport, Longyear at irregular intervals.

The airport opened in 1961 to allow Aeroflot to commence flights between Barentsburg and Pyramiden using Mil Mi-4 aircraft. An upgrade was carried out in the late 1970s after the airport in Longyearbyen opened. By then five Mil Mi-8 were stationed on Svalbard. A crash during landing on 27 March 1991 killed two people. Flights were reduced during the 1990s and from 1998 Pyramiden was abandoned, reducing use of the heliport to a minimum.

Svalbard Airport
Svalbard Airport (Norwegian: Svalbard lufthavn; IATA: LYR, ICAO: ENSB) is the main airport serving Svalbard in Norway. It is 5 km (3.1 mi) northwest of Longyearbyen on the west coast, and is the northernmost airport in the world with scheduled public flights. The first airport near Longyearbyen was constructed during World War II. In 1959, it was first used for occasional flights, but could only be used a few months a year. Construction of the new airport at Hotellneset started in 1973, and the airport was opened on 2 September 1975. It is owned and operated by state-owned Avinor.

In 2014, the airport handled 154,261 passengers. Scandinavian Airlines operates daily flights to Tromsø and Oslo in mainland Norway. Lufttransport provides services to the other airport on Svalbard: Ny-Ålesund, using Dornier 228 turboprop aircraft. There are also regular charter flights.
Charles-Frédéric Reinhard
Charles-Frédéric, comte Reinhard (born Karl Friedrich Reinhard; 2 October 1761 – 25 December 1837) was a Württembergian-born French diplomat, essayist, and politician who briefly served as the Consulate's Minister of Foreign Affairs in 1799. A Girondist during the early stages of the French Revolution, he was dispatched to several countries before and after his ministerial mandate. In 1806–1807, he was appointed Consul and Resident to Moldavia, and subsequently arrested by the Russian Empire for one year. Reinhard was promoted under the Bourbon Restoration governments, which he represented to the German Confederation, and continued his political career under the July Monarchy.

French Consulate
The Consulate (French: Consulat) was the top-level government of the First French Republic from the fall of the Directory in the coup of 18 Brumaire on 9 November 1799 until the start of the French Empire on 18 May 1804.

During this period, Napoleon Bonaparte, with his appointment as First Consul, established himself as the head of a more autocratic and centralised republican government in France while not declaring himself sole ruler. Due to the long-lasting institutions established during these years, Robert B. Holtman has called the consulate "one of the most important periods of all French history." By the end of this period, Bonaparte had engineered an authoritarian personal rule now viewed as a military dictatorship.
Prisoners of war in World War I
During World War I between 7–9 million soldiers surrendered and were held in prisoner-of-war camps. Approximately 10% (~750,000) died in captivity.

While the Allied prisoners of the Central Powers were quickly sent home at the end of active hostilities, the same treatment was not granted to Central Power prisoners of the Allies, many of whom served as forced labour, e.g., in France until 1920.

Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907
The Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 are a series of international treaties and declarations negotiated at two international peace conferences at The Hague in the Netherlands. Along with the Geneva Conventions, the Hague Conventions were among the first formal statements of the laws of war and war crimes in the body of secular international law. A third conference was planned for 1914 and later rescheduled for 1915, but it did not take place because of the start of World War I. Article 22 states that, "the right of belligerents to adopt means of injuring the enemy is not unlimited.”
Wężówka
Wężówka [vɛ̃ˈʐufka] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wydminy, within Giżycko County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) south-east of Wydminy, 23 km (14 mi) east of Giżycko, and 106 km (66 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Wydminy
Wydminy [vɨdˈminɨ] is a village in Giżycko County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Wydminy. It lies approximately 20 km (12 mi) east of Giżycko and 104 km (65 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn. It is situated on the southern shore of Wydmińskie Lake in Masuria.
2017 FIBA Under-19 Basketball World Cup
The 2017 FIBA Under-19 Basketball World Cup (Arabic: 2017 كأس العالم لكرة السلة تحت 19 سنة فيبا) was the 13th edition of the FIBA Under-19 Basketball World Cup, the biennial international men's youth basketball championship contested by the U19 national teams of the member associations of FIBA. It was held in Cairo, Egypt from 1 to 9 July 2017.

Canada won the gold medal by defeating Italy in the final match 79–60. This marked Canada's best ever international FIBA tournament finish in any event.

FIBA Under-19 Basketball World Cup
The FIBA Under-19 Basketball World Cup (formerly FIBA Under-19 World Championship) is the under-19 men's world basketball championship organised by the International Basketball Federation (FIBA). From its inauguration in 1979, until 2007, it was held every four years. Since 2007, it has been held biennially. The current champions are United States in 2025. The next edition will take place in Czech Republic in 2027.
Umbyquyra gurleyi
Umbyquyra gurleyi is a tarantula in the genus Umbyquyra, it is found in Brazil in Goiás in the National Park "Emas", it was first described by Danniella Sherwood and Ray Gabriel in 2020. It was named in honor of American herpetologist Russ Gurley, for his contributions and friendship to the authors.

Tarantula
Tarantulas are a group of large and often hairy spiders of the family Theraphosidae. More than a thousand species have been identified, within almost 200 genera. The term "tarantula" is usually used to describe members of the family Theraphosidae, although many other members of the same infraorder (Mygalomorphae) are commonly referred to as "tarantulas" or "false tarantulas".  Some of the more common species have become popular in the exotic pet trade. Many New World species kept as pets have setae known as urticating hairs that can cause irritation to the skin, and in extreme cases, cause damage to the eyes.