hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of rugby union matches between Spain and Portugal
Spain (los Leones) and Portugal (os Lobos) have been playing against each other since 1935 when the Leones beat the Lobos in Lisbon 5-6. A total of 42 matches have been played, with Spain having won 27 times, Portugal having won 13 times and 2 matches having been drawn.  There is a considerable rivalry between the sides due to the proximity of the two countries in the Iberian Peninsula. Both teams are currently part of the Rugby Europe Championship.

Portugal national rugby union team
The Portugal national rugby union team, nicknamed Os Lobos (The Wolves), represents Portugal in men's international competitions, They are  administered by the Portuguese Rugby Federation.
Portugal have experienced modest success in the last two decades. They qualified for the 2007 Rugby World Cup in France and though they lost all their matches, they managed to score one try in each game and led against Romania until the late minutes.

Portugal qualified for their second Rugby World Cup in 2022, topping a repechage qualifying group featuring the United States, Hong Kong, and Kenya to qualify for the 2023 Rugby World Cup. In that edition of the tournament, Portugal got their first draw in a Rugby World Cup against Georgia 18–18, and got their first ever win in the Rugby World Cup when they beat Fiji 24–23. Portugal will play in its third Rugby World Cup in 2027.
Medical humanities
Medical humanities is an interdisciplinary field of medicine which includes the humanities (philosophy of medicine, medical ethics and bioethics, history of medicine, literary studies and religion), social science (psychology, medical sociology, medical anthropology, cultural studies, health geography) and the arts (literature, theater, film, and visual arts) and their application to medical education and practice.

Medical humanities uses interdisciplinary research to explore experiences of health and illness, often focusing on subjective, hidden, or invisible experience. This interdisciplinary strength has given the field a noted diversity and encouraged creative 'epistemological innovation'.

Medical humanities is sometimes conflated with health humanities which also broadly links health and social care disciplines with the arts and humanities.

Medical education
Medical education is education related to the practice of being a medical practitioner, including the initial training to become a physician (i.e., medical school and internship) and additional training thereafter (e.g., residency, fellowship, and continuing medical education).

Medical education and training varies considerably across the world. Various teaching methodologies have been used in medical education, which is an active area of educational research.

Medical education is also the subject-didactic academic field of educating medical doctors at all levels, including entry-level, post-graduate, and continuing medical education. Specific requirements such as entrustable professional activities must be met before moving on in stages of medical education.
Centre of Full Employment and Equity
The Centre of Full Employment and Equity or CofFEE is an official research centre of the University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia, and has operated since 1998.  CofFEE's membership is drawn from the disciplines of economics, politics, sociology and geography.

CofFEE states that it seeks to undertake and promote research into the goals of full employment, price stability and achieving an economy that delivers equitable outcomes for all.  Its main focus is on macroeconomics, labour economics, regional development and monetary economics.

University of Newcastle (Australia)
The University of Newcastle is a public university in Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia. Established in 1965, it has a primary campus in the Newcastle suburb of Callaghan. The university also operates campuses in Central Coast, Singapore, the Newcastle CBD and Sydney.

The University of Newcastle is a member of the Australian Technology Network, Universities Australia and the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business.
Acetylated distarch adipate
Acetylated distarch adipate (E1422) is a food additive of the thickening agent type, and more specifically a bulking agent. It is also used as a stabilizer. This is an additive belonging to the family of modified starches.

This is a starch that is treated with acetic anhydride and adipic acid anhydride to resist high temperatures.

No acceptable daily intake for human consumption has been determined.

E number
E numbers, short for Europe numbers, are codes for substances used as food additives, including those found naturally in many foods, such as vitamin C, for use within the European Union (EU): 27  and European Free Trade Association (EFTA). Commonly found on food labels, their safety assessment and approval are the responsibility of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). The fact that an additive has an E number implies that its use was at one time permitted in products for sale in the European Single Market; some of these additives are no longer allowed today.

Having a single unified list for food additives was first agreed upon in 1962 with food colouring. In 1964, the directives for preservatives were added; In 1970 antioxidants were added; In 1974 emulsifiers, stabilisers, thickeners and gelling agents were added as well.
William of Auxerre
William of Auxerre (1140/50–1231) was a French scholastic theologian and official in the Roman Catholic Church.

The teacher by whom William was most influenced was Praepositinus, or Prevostin, of Cremona, Chancellor of the University of Paris from 1206 to 1209. The names of teacher and pupil are mentioned in the same sentence by Thomas Aquinas.

He was an Archdeacon of Beauvais before becoming a professor of theology at the university in Paris.  In 1231, he was made a member of the commission appointed by Gregory IX to examine Aristotle's writings on the natural sciences and to offer amendments where religiously necessary.  Consequently, William was one of the first theologians to be influenced by Aristotle.  His Summa Aurea shows a debt still to Peter Lombard, and it advances the ontological argument, but it also shows novelty and an intellectual awareness and insistence on the physical that had not been seen earlier.  Summa Aurea influenced John of Treviso.

Praepositinus
Praepositinus (Gilbert Prevostin of Cremona, Prevostinus Cremonensis) (c. 1135 – 1210) was an Italian scholastic philosopher and theologian. He was a liturgical commentator, and supported a res-theory of belief. He discussed intentional contexts.
SouthSide Works
SouthSide Works is an open-air retail, office, entertainment, and residential complex (often referred to as a lifestyle center) located on the South Side of the city of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S. and just across the Monongahela River from the Pittsburgh Technology Center, the University of Pittsburgh and Carnegie Mellon University.  The $300 million complex ($512.8 million today) opened in stages between 2002 and 2004 and offers more than 34 acres (140,000 m2) of shops, offices, hotels and apartments, and has a new urbanist design. The site has over 330,000 square feet (30,000 m2) of specialty retail, restaurant, hotel, and apartment space. In addition, the site has 700,000 square feet (70,000 m2) of office space. The land is now owned by SomeraRoad Inc., which has invested +$100M in updating the live-work-play district and added a dog park, sport court, and town square.

Lifestyle center
A lifestyle center (American English), or lifestyle centre (Commonwealth English), is an open-air shopping center which aims to create a "pedestrian-friendly, town-like atmosphere with sidewalks, landscaping, ambient lighting, and park benches. Memphis developers Poag and McEwen are generally credited with developing the concept in the late 1980s. Lifestyle centers emerged as a major retailing trend in the late 1990s. Sometimes labeled boutique malls or ersatz downtown, they are often located in affluent suburban areas.
2015 Mountain West Conference women's basketball tournament
The 2015 Mountain West Conference women's basketball tournament was held on March 9–13, 2015 at the Thomas & Mack Center in Las Vegas, Nevada. As with last year, the top 5 seeds got the first round bye. For the 3rd year in a row, Mountain West Network carried all games of the tournament. This year they also added the championship game to their schedule. The tournament champion received the Mountain West's only bid to the 2015 NCAA tournament.

2015 NCAA Division I women's basketball tournament
The 2015 NCAA Division I women's basketball tournament was played between March and April 2015, with the Final Four played April 5 & 7. The regional locations, after a one-year experiment allowing tournament teams to host, returned to four neutral sites: Oklahoma City, Spokane, Greensboro and Albany. The subregionals were played 20–23 March, while the regionals were played 27–30 March. This represented a change; in the past, the rounds were played starting on a Saturday and ending on a Tuesday. In 2015, the opening rounds and regionals (but not the Final Four) were played starting on a Friday and ending on a Monday. The Final Four was played at Amalie Arena in Tampa, Florida. For only the third time in history, all four of the number one seeds made it to the Final Four.

Tennessee continued its record streak of making every NCAA women's basketball tournament at 34 consecutive appearances. UConn also continued its record streak of eight consecutive Final Four appearances.
International Committee for Museology
ICOFOM, the International Committee for Museology of the International Council of Museums (ICOM) was founded in 1977 at the initiative of Jan Jelínek, in order to promote research and theoretical thinking within the museum world. This committee became one of the most popular in International Council of Museums (ICOM). It addresses the study of the theoretical foundation that guides museum activities around the world or, more generally, the analysis of the different forms that museums can have.  The committee includes several hundred museologists from all over the world, organizes yearly symposia and publishes, among other monographs, the annual journal ICOFOM Study Series, available online.

Museology
Museology (also called museum studies or museum science) is the study of museums. It explores the history of museums and their role in society, as well as the activities they engage in, including curating, preservation, public programming, and education.
Farmdale station
Farmdale station is an at-grade light rail station on the E Line of the Los Angeles Metro Rail system. The station is located in the center median of Exposition Boulevard at its intersection with Farmdale Avenue, after which the station is named, in the West Adams neighborhood of Los Angeles. It is located between Expo/La Brea station to the west and Expo/Crenshaw station to the east.

West Adams, Los Angeles
West Adams is a neighborhood in the South Los Angeles region of Los Angeles, California. The neighborhood is known for its large number of historic buildings, structures, notable houses, and mansions. It contains several Historic Preservation Overlay Zones as well as designated historic districts.
Achada Longueira
Achada Longueira is a settlement in the northern part of the island of Santiago, Cape Verde. It is part of the municipality of Tarrafal. In 2010, its population was 520. It is located about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) southeast of Tarrafal, on the Praia-Assomada-Tarrafal Road (EN1-ST01).

Tarrafal, Cape Verde
Tarrafal (also: Mangui or Mangue) is a city in the northern part of the island of Santiago, Cape Verde. In 2010 its population was 6,656. It is a fishing port situated on the northwestern coast. It constitutes the seat of the Tarrafal Municipality.
Martin Luther King Jr. Shoreline
Martin Luther King Jr. Shoreline is a regional park located on the shores of the San Leandro Bay in Oakland, California. Part of the East Bay Regional Parks system, it is named after Civil Rights Movement leader Martin Luther King Jr. The park was established in 1980 on a 741 acres (300 ha) tract of land and water leased from the Oakland Airport.

When it was dedicated, it was known as San Leandro Bay Regional Shoreline. Under Secretary of the Department of Interior James A. Joseph spoke at the dedication. In 1992, it was renamed for Martin Luther King Jr. at the request of Oakland mayor Elihu Harris and local religious leaders.

East Bay Regional Park District
The East Bay Regional Park District (EBRPD) is a special district operating in Alameda County and Contra Costa County, California, within the East Bay area of the San Francisco Bay Area.  It maintains and operates a system of regional parks which is the largest urban regional park district in the United States. The administrative office is located in Oakland.

As of 2020, EBRPD spans 124,909 acres (50,549 ha) with 73 parks and over 1,330 miles (2,140 km) of trails. Some of these parks are wilderness areas; others include a variety of visitor attractions, with opportunities for swimming, boating and camping.  The trails are frequently used for non-motorized transportation such as biking, hiking, and horse riding. More than 200 miles (320 km) of paved trails (identified as Interpark Regional Trails) through urban areas link the parks together.
Lewson Street
Lewson Street is a village near the A2 road, in the civil parish of Norton, Buckland and Stone, in the Swale district, in the county of Kent, England. It is near the towns of Sittingbourne and Faversham.

Sittingbourne
Sittingbourne is an industrial town in the Swale district of Kent, southeast England, 17 miles (27 km) from Canterbury and 45 miles (72 km) from London, beside the Roman Watling Street, an ancient trackway used by the Romans and the Anglo-Saxons. In 2021 it had a population of 54,392.

The town stands next to the Swale, a strip of sea separating mainland Kent from the Isle of Sheppey. The town became prominent after the death of Thomas Becket in 1170, since it provided a convenient resting point on the road from London to Canterbury and Dover.

Chatham Main Line links to London Victoria station and HS1 to St Pancras International, the journey taking about an hour from Sittingbourne railway station.
Misericordia Home
Misericordia Home is a not-for-profit developmental home for persons with mild to profound developmental disabilities in Chicago, Illinois. It is run by the Sisters of Mercy and operated under the auspices of the Archdiocese of Chicago.

Archdiocese of Chicago
The Archdiocese of Chicago (Latin: Archidiœcesis Chicagiensis) is an archdiocese of the Catholic Church located in Northeastern Illinois, in the United States. The Vatican erected it as a diocese in 1843 and elevated it to an archdiocese in 1880. Cardinal Blase Joseph Cupich is the archbishop. The cathedral parish for the archdiocese is Holy Name Cathedral in Chicago.

The archdiocese serves over 2 million Catholics in Cook and Lake counties, an area of 1,411 square miles (3,650 km2). It is the metropolitan see of the province of Chicago.
Ernst Jacobson
Ernst Jacobson (31 January 1889, in Stockholm – 8 February 1963, in Stockholm) was a Swedish chess master.

He took 8th at Copenhagen 1916 (the 9th Nordic Chess Championship, Paul Johner won), took 2nd at Stockholm 1916, tied for 7-8th at Göteborg 1920 (B-tournament, Johner won), took 3rd and won ahead of Karl Berndtsson and Gustaf Nyholm at Jönköping 1921, and took 4th at Uppsala 1923 (Allan Nilsson and Anton Olson won).

He thrice represented Sweden in Chess Olympiads at London 1927, The Hague 1928, and Hamburg 1930, and played in friendly matches Germany vs. Sweden (1922) and Stockholm vs. Leningrad (1926).

Karl Berndtsson
Karl Mathias Berndtsson Kullberg (16 March 1892 – 29 September 1943) was a Swedish chess master who was born and died in Gothenburg.

He won at Copenhagen 1916, and lost a match for the Swedish Chess Championship to Gustaf Nyholm (1½–3½) in 1917. He was first in the national tournaments in 1918, 1920, 1921 (jointly), and 1926. He took 14th at Göteborg 1920 (Paul Johner won),  won Nordic Chess Championship at Oslo 1928, and took 6th at Örebro 1935 (Alexander Alekhine won).

Berndtsson played for Sweden in three Chess Olympiads:

In the 3rd Olympiad at Hamburg 1930 (+7−7=2);

In the 4th Olympiad at Prague 1931 (+5−5=8);

In the 5th Olympiad at Folkestone 1933 (+6−3=5);

and won team bronze medal in 1933.
2007 Vuelta a Murcia
The 2007 Vuelta a Murcia was the 23rd edition of the Vuelta a Murcia cycle race and was held on 7 March to 11 March 2007. The race started in San Pedro del Pinatar and finished in Murcia. The race was won by Alejandro Valverde.

Vuelta a Murcia
The Vuelta Ciclista a Murcia  (English: Tour of Murcia) is a road bicycle race held in and around Murcia, Spain. The first four editions were reserved to amateurs. Originally the race was held in early March and consisted of five stages. However, due to Spain's financial turmoil, the race was scaled back to three stages in 2011 and two stages in 2012. From 2013 to 2018 the Vuelta a Murcia was organised as a single-day race and shifted to mid-February on the international calendar. In 2019 the race was expanded to two stages. It is part of the UCI Europe Tour as a 2.1 event. However, due to the postponement of the 2021 edition to May, the race was reverted to its one-day nature, with the expectation that the race will continue as a two-day event in future editions.
Cassius Apronianus
Cassius Apronianus was a Roman senator who lived in the 2nd century. It has been conjectured that he supposedly married the daughter of the Greek historian, orator, and philosopher Dio Chrysostom. Their son was the historian, consul and senator Cassius Dio.

Apronianus was originally from Bithynia (modern northwestern Turkey). He was governor of Lycia et Pamphylia around 179/180, then of Cilicia (modern southeastern Turkey) c. 180 – c. 183, where he was joined by his son Dio. Apronianus became suffect consul most likely around 185, after which he served as governor of Dalmatia (modern Dalmatia, Croatia).

Dio Chrysostom
Dio Chrysostom (/ˈdiːoʊ ˈkrɪsəstəm, krɪˈsɒstəm/; Ancient Greek: Δίων Χρυσόστομος Dion Chrysostomos), Dio of Prusa or Cocceianus Dio (c. 40 – c. 115 AD), was a Greek orator, writer, philosopher and historian of the Roman Empire in the 1st century AD.  Eighty of his Discourses (or Orations; Λόγοι) are extant, as well as a few letters, a mock essay Encomium on Hair, and a few other fragments. His sobriquet Chrysostom comes from the Greek chrysostomos, which literally means "golden-mouthed".
IC 2628
IC 2628 is a type SBa barred spiral galaxy with a ring located in Leo constellation. It is located 600 million light-years from the Solar System and has an approximate diameter of 135,000 light-years. IC 2628 was discovered on March 27, 1906, by Max Wolf and is classified as a ring galaxy due to its peculiar appearance. The galaxy has a surface brightness of magnitude 23.8 and located at right ascension (11:11:37.8) and declination (+12:07:21) respectively.

Max Wolf
Maximilian Franz Joseph Cornelius Wolf (21 June 1863 – 3 October 1932) was a German astronomer and a pioneer in the field of astrophotography. He was the chairman of astronomy at the University of Heidelberg and director of the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory from 1902 until his death in 1932.
A Place to Call Home (opera)
A Place To Call Home is a contemporary American opera composed by Edward Barnes who also wrote the libretto.  The work was commissioned by the Los Angeles Opera and premiered at the John Anson Ford Theater during the summer of 1993.  The Los Angeles Opera later toured the opera, with further productions by the University of Texas at El Paso, among others.

Synopsis:  The opera is an account of four different teenage refugees/immigrants to the United States. It is based on interviews conducted by Edward Barnes with teenage refugees from El Salvador, Iran, Cambodia and Angola.

Cast:   Woman 1 (soprano);  Woman 2 (mezzo-soprano); Man 1 (tenor); Man 2 (baritone); other immigrants, refugees, high school students, high school teachers, street gang, barrio kids (chorus)

Duration:  60 minutes

Orchestration:  Electric keyboards (2 players) and percussion (1 player)

Los Angeles Opera
The Los Angeles Opera, originally called the  Los Angeles Music Center Opera and now styling itself as LA Opera, is an American opera company in Los Angeles, California. It is the fourth-largest opera company in the United States. The company's home base is the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, part of the Los Angeles Music Center.
Chondroitin
A chondroitin, as the sulfate, is a component of bamacan, a proteoglycan (sugar-protein conjugate) that comprises some membranes. Chondroitin is a chondrin derivative.

Types include:

Chondroitin sulfate

Dermatan sulfate

Chondroitin as a supplement is now commonly used (often in combination with glucosamine) in treating the joint disease of osteoarthritis. In contrast to the symptomatic treatments, chondroitin can modify the progression of a disease process in the patient which it can be used as an alternative medicine. Chondroitin's effect toward the articular cartilage integrity as it is part of the proteoglycan molecules. The cartilage proteoglycan synthesis can speed up as chondroitin is going through the pathway of the alimentary canal. Research has been conducted to show the effectiveness of chondroitin and results indicate that it helps to manage pain in knee and hip, slow down the progression and also recovery. However, the effectiveness of the drugs is still doubtful.

Chondroitin sulfate
Chondroitin sulfate is a sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) composed of a chain of alternating sugars (N-acetylgalactosamine and glucuronic acid). It is usually found attached to proteins as part of a proteoglycan. A chondroitin chain can have over 100 individual sugars, each of which can be sulfated in variable positions and quantities. Chondroitin sulfate is an important structural component of cartilage, and provides much of its resistance to compression. Along with glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate has become a widely used dietary supplement for treatment of osteoarthritis, although large clinical trials failed to demonstrate any symptomatic benefit of chondroitin. Fragments of chondroitin chains suspended in water elicit a fear response in many fishes, similar to hypoxanthine-3N-oxide. The basic repeat unit synthesised by the CHSY/CHPF heterocomplex is (GlcAβ1,3GlcNAcβ1,4)n.
SN 1997D
SN 1997D, discovered in January 1997 by Duília de Mello in galaxy NGC 1536 in Reticulum constellation is a first clearly identified example of atypical Type II supernova  with a very low luminosity and expansion velocity.

Reticulum
Reticulum is a small, faint constellation in the southern sky. Its name is Latin for a small net, or reticle—a net of crosshairs at the focus of a telescope eyepiece that is used to measure star positions. The constellation is best viewed between October and December, and save for one main star visible in ideal conditions, cannot be seen from north of the 30th parallel north.