hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Saqal (Turgesh Khagan)
Saqal (Chinese: 娑葛) was a Turgesh Qaghan. According to Yuri Zuev, he was a Manichaeist so that his name was possibly derived from Manichean theonym Sakla which means "Creator of the World". Other reconstructions are Saqal and Soq.

Qapaghan Qaghan
Qapaghan or Qapghan Qaghan (Old Turkic: 𐰴𐰯𐰍𐰣:𐰴𐰍𐰣, romanized: Qapaɣan qaɣan, lit. meaning "the conqueror", simplified Chinese: 迁善; traditional Chinese: 遷善; pinyin: Qiānshàn, Xiao'erjing: ٿِيًا شًا, Dungan: Чяншан, Chinese: 阿史那•默啜; pinyin: Āshǐnà Mòchuò, also called Bögü Qaghan (Old Turkic: 𐰋𐰇𐰏:𐰴𐰍𐰣, romanized: Bögü qaɣan) in Bain Tsokto inscriptions) was the second qaghan of the Second Turkic Khaganate and was the younger brother of the first qaghan, Ilterish Qaghan. His reign (691–716) marked the apogee of the military and political might of the Second Turkic Khaganate and the beginning of its decline.
The Desperado
The Desperado is a 1954 American Western film directed by Thomas Carr and written by Daniel Mainwaring. It is based on the 1950 novel The Desperado by Clifton Adams. The film stars Wayne Morris, Jimmy Lydon, Beverly Garland, Rayford Barnes, Dabbs Greer and Lee Van Cleef. It was released on June 20, 1954 by Allied Artists Pictures.

Wayne Morris
Wayne Morris (born Bert DeWayne Morris Jr. February 17, 1914 – September 14, 1959) was an American film and television actor, as well as a decorated World War II fighter ace. He appeared in many films, including Paths of Glory (1957), The Bushwackers (1952), and the title role of Kid Galahad (1937).
Paul Ready
Paul John Ready (born 1977) is a British actor. He is known for appearing in British television series including Utopia, Ripper Street, Motherland and MotherFatherSon. In 2018, he played the role of Rob MacDonald in the BBC television series Bodyguard and Harry Goodsir in AMC's The Terror. He received a commendation at the 2003 Ian Charleson Awards.

Motherland (British TV series)
Motherland is a British sitcom set in West London, which explores the trials of middle-class motherhood. A pilot episode, written by Sharon Horgan, Graham Linehan, Helen Serafinowicz and Holly Walsh, was first broadcast on BBC Two on 6 September 2016 as part of its "Sitcom Season". The BBC subsequently ordered a full series of six episodes, the first of which aired on 7 November 2017.

The second series was released on BBC iPlayer on 7 October 2019. The third series began transmission on BBC2 on 10 May 2021, with all five episodes being released on BBC iPlayer the same day. In the United States, the show is broadcast on Sundance TV. The series won a British Academy Television Award for Best Scripted Comedy in 2022. A second Christmas special aired on 23 December 2022 on BBC One.

A spin-off was announced in May 2024 titled Amandaland, centring around Amanda (Lucy Punch) with Philippa Dunne and Joanna Lumley reprising their roles of Anne and Amanda's mother Felicity respectively.
Fuzan nippō
Fuzan nippō (釜山日報; Korean: 부산일보; RR: Busan Ilbo; MR: Pusan Ilbo) was a Japanese-language newspaper published in Busan, Korea from 1905 to 1945. It previously went by the names Chōsen nippō (朝鮮日報; 조선일보; different from the modern Chosun Ilbo) and Chōsen jiji shinpō (朝鮮時事新報; 조선시사신보).

It was one of the most prominent Japanese newspapers in Korea during the Japanese colonial period, alongside the Keijō nippō and Chōsen shinbun. Upon the 1945 liberation of Korea, the newspaper's assets were seized by the United States and repurposed into the modern Busan Ilbo.

Digital copies are available, scanned and searchable, on the Korean Newspaper Archive. Many original copies of the newspaper from 1914 to 1944 are now stored in the Busan Simin Municipal Library, although some show signs of fire damage.

National Liberation Day of Korea
The National Liberation Day of Korea is a public holiday celebrated annually on 15 August in both North Korea and South Korea. It commemorates the day when the Korean Peninsula was liberated by the Allies in 1945 from 35 years of Japanese colonial rule. The day also coincides with the anniversary of the establishment of the South Korean government in 1948. Liberation Day is the only political holiday that is celebrated in both Koreas.
Level spreader
A level spreader is an erosion control device designed to reduce water pollution by mitigating the impact of high-velocity stormwater surface runoff.  It is used both on construction sites and for permanent applications such as drainage for roads and highways. The device reduces the energy level in high-velocity flow by converting it into sheet flow, and disperses the discharged water so that it may be infiltrated into soil.

Level spreaders may be used in conjunction with runoff infiltration devices such as bioretention systems, infiltration basins and percolation trenches.

Erosion control
Erosion control is the practice of preventing or controlling wind or water erosion in agriculture, land development, coastal areas, river banks and construction. Effective erosion controls handle surface runoff and are important techniques in preventing water pollution, soil loss, wildlife habitat loss and human property loss.
Margaret Stewart (herpetologist)
Margaret "Meg" McBride Stewart (6 Feb. 1927 – 2 Aug. 2006) was an American herpetologist, known for her research on the amphibians of Malawi, the Caribbean, and the United States. She was a professor at the State University of New York at Albany. She served as president of the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists and the Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. The puddle frog Phrynobatrachus stewartae was named in her honour.

American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists
The American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists (ASIH) is an international learned society devoted to the scientific studies of ichthyology (study of fish) and herpetology (study of reptiles and amphibians). The primary emphases of the society are to increase knowledge about these organisms, to communicate that knowledge through publications, conferences, and other methods, and to encourage and support young scientists who will make future advances in these fields. The programs of the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists are part of a global effort to interpret, understand, and conserve the Earth's natural diversity and to contribute to the wise use of natural resources for the long-term benefit of humankind.
John Gritenas
John Gritenas (born Jonas Gritėnas; 23 June 1884 – 28 December 1928) was bishop of the Lithuanian National Catholic Church (LNCC), a small religious denomination based in Scranton, Pennsylvania.

Gritėnas was born in Vilnius, (then the Russian Empire), the son of Aleksandras Gritenas and Lucya (née Kumorowski). He immigrated to the United States in 1910. He attended the Polish National Catholic Church's Seminary in Scranton and 1914 was ordained as a priest by Father Franciszek Hodur.

In 1920, Gritėnas was appointed pastor of the Scranton parish of the Lithuanian National Catholic Church, and he prepared prayer books and other theological publications. He was consecrated as a bishop by the synod of the Polish National Catholic Church on August 17, 1924. He returned to Lithuania in 1922 and 1927, where he hoped to set up a parish of the American LNCC, but his health began to decline. In 1928, he died of diphtheria.

Polish National Catholic Church
The Polish National Catholic Church (PNCC; Polish: Polski Narodowy Kościół Katolicki, PNKK) is an independent Old Catholic church based in the United States and founded by Polish Americans that is part of the Union of Scranton.

The PNCC is not in communion with the Catholic Church. Since 2004, the PNCC is no longer in communion with the Union of Utrecht.

The church has around 30,000 members in five dioceses in the United States and Canada with 119 congregations in the US. The church is part of Polish Old Catholicism.
Erich Arndt (table tennis)
Erich Arndt is a male former international table tennis player from Germany.

He won a bronze medal at the 1963 World Table Tennis Championships in the Swaythling Cup (men's team event) with Ernst Gomolla, Dieter Michalek, Eberhard Schöler and Elmar Stegmann.

He also won two medals at the European Table Tennis Championships.

Eberhard Schöler
Eberhard Schöler (born 22 December 1940) is a retired table tennis competitor from West Germany who won several medals at the world and European championships between 1962 and 1972. He was a defensive player known for his calm demeanor, for which he received a nickname "Mr. Poker Face".

Schöler has a degree in business administration. In early 1966, he married Diane Rowe, a table tennis player from England who later competed for Germany; they often competed in mixed doubles together. Schöler and Rowe have a daughter Cindy (born 1968) and son Christian (born 1974). Schöler retired from competitions in the 1970s, but came back in the 1980s and won a silver medal at the 1986 World Championships in the masters category. Since 1990s he held leading positions at the national, European and International Table Tennis Federations.
Gunz (geology)
Gunz, Günz or Gunz Complex is a timespan in the glacial history of the Alps. It started approximately one million years ago and ended about 370 000 years ago. Some sources put the end at 480 000 years ago. Deep sea core samples have identified approximately 5 glacial cycles of varying intensity during Gunz.

Don Glaciation
The Don Glaciation, also known as the Donian Glaciation and the Donian Stage, was the major glaciation of the East European Plain, 0.8–0.5 million years ago, during the Cromerian Stage of the Middle Pleistocene. It is correlated to Marine Isotope Stage 16 (MIS 16), approximately 650,000 years ago, which globally contained one of the largest glacial volumes of the Quaternary.
Agnes Obel
Agnes Caroline Thaarup Obel (born 28 October 1980) is a Danish singer, songwriter, and musician based in Berlin.

Her debut album, Philharmonics (2010), was released by PIAS Recordings and certified gold in June 2011 by the Belgian Entertainment Association (BEA) after selling 10,000 units. At the Danish Music Awards in November 2011, Obel won five prizes, including Best Album and Best Debut Artist. Her second album, Aventine (2013), received positive reviews and charted in the top 40 of the charts in nine countries.

Obel's third album, Citizen of Glass (2016), received acclaim from music critics and was the IMPALA Album of the Year Award 2016. In 2018, she curated and performed a compilation album for Late Night Tales series, titled Late Night Tales: Agnes Obel. It features artists such as Nina Simone, Henry Mancini, Ray Davies, Michelle Gurevich, Can, and Yello. Her fourth album, Myopia, was released in February 2020.

Michelle Gurevich
Michelle Gurevich is a Canadian singer-songwriter, also known by her former stage name Chinawoman. Her music is influenced by her Russian heritage, and has been described as slowcore rock and "lo-fi pop". She performed regularly in Russia, and her largest fanbase is in Eastern Europe.
Tony Battersby
Tony Battersby (born 30 August 1975) is an English former professional footballer who played as a striker.

Battersby is one of football's journeymen and has played for many clubs both The Football League and non-League in a career that lasted from 1993 until 2016, notably playing professionally with Lincoln City where he scored 21 times in 130 League appearances. He also played for Sheffield United, Southend United, BK-IFK before later moving to Notts County, Bury, Northampton Town, Boston United and Rushden & Diamonds, before dropping into non-League football. As a semi-professional he played for Hucknall Town, Stevenage Borough, Ebbsfleet United, Cambridge City, King's Lynn, AFC Wimbledon, Grays Athletic, Chelmsford City, Welling United, Stamford, Corby Town, Bourne Town, Bedford Town, St Albans City, Deeping Rangers, Grantham Town, Spalding United, Wisbech Town and Boston Town.

Grantham Town F.C.
Grantham Town Football Club is a football club based in Grantham, Lincolnshire, England. They are currently members of the United Counties League Premier Division North and play at the South Kesteven Sports Stadium.
STV (TV station)
STV is an Australian television station licensed to and serving the regions surrounding Mildura, Victoria, owned and operated by the WIN Corporation and part of the WIN Television network. The station commenced transmissions on 27 November 1965.

MDV (TV station)
MDV was a television station in Mildura, Victoria, Australia. It was a joint venture between Seven West Media and WIN Corporation., it was a digital-only Network 10 affiliate for most of its history. It began broadcasting on 1 January 2006 and ceased transmission on 30 June 2024.
MoodSwing (Joshua Redman album)
MoodSwing is a 1994 studio album by American jazz saxophonist Joshua Redman. All compositions on this album are originals written by Redman. The album was re-released on vinyl in 2009. Redman's bandmates here are Brad Mehldau on piano, Christian McBride on acoustic bass, and Brian Blade on drums. The next album by this quartet, RoundAgain, was released 26 years later in July 2020.

Christian McBride
Christian McBride (born May 31, 1972) is an American jazz bassist, composer, and arranger. He has appeared on more than 400 recordings as a sideman, and is an eleven-time Grammy Award winner.

McBride has performed and recorded with a number of jazz musicians and ensembles, including Freddie Hubbard, McCoy Tyner, Herbie Hancock, Pat Metheny, Joe Henderson, Diana Krall, Roy Haynes, Chick Corea, Wynton Marsalis, Eddie Palmieri, Joshua Redman, George Duke, and Ray Brown's "SuperBass" with John Clayton, as well as with pop, hip-hop, soul, and classical musicians like Sting, Paul McCartney, Celine Dion, Isaac Hayes, The Roots, Queen Latifah, Kathleen Battle, Renee Fleming, Carly Simon, Bruce Hornsby, and James Brown.
Vince Spadea
Vincent Spadea (born July 19, 1974) is a former professional tennis player from the United States.

He reached a career high tenth position in the ATP Champions Race in April 2003, as well as a career-high 18th ATP ranking in February 2005. He has career prize money earnings of over $5,000,000. Spadea has ATP career singles wins over Roger Federer (1–2 record), Pete Sampras (1–4), Andre Agassi (2–4), Rafael Nadal (1–1), Andy Roddick (1–2), Pat Rafter, Richard Krajicek, Yevgeny Kafelnikov, Jim Courier, Michael Chang, Marat Safin, and Gustavo Kuerten. He is one of five players to defeat Federer 6–0 in a set at a main tour tournament, which he did at 1999 Monte Carlo. Spadea represented the United States at the 2000 and 2004 Olympics. Vince was also named twice to the US Davis Cup Team in 2000 (captain John McEnroe) and 2004 (captain Patrick McEnroe).

Spadea has one career ATP singles title and three ATP doubles titles. He also has eleven USTA Challenger Pro singles titles.

Jim Courier
James Spencer Courier (born August 17, 1970) is an American former professional tennis player. He was ranked as the world No. 1 in men's singles by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for 58 weeks, including as the year-end No. 1 in 1992. Courier won 23 ATP Tour-level singles titles, including four majors – two at the French Open and two at the Australian Open – and was the youngest man in the Open Era to reach the final of all four singles majors, after reaching the final of the 1993 Wimbledon Championships aged 22 years, 319 days, a record that stood until Carlos Alcaraz achieved the same feat aged 22 years, 266 days at the 2026 Australian Open. He also won five Masters titles and was part of the victorious United States Davis Cup teams in 1992 and 1995.

Since 2005, Courier has worked as a tennis commentator, notably for Nine (and previously Seven), the host broadcaster of the Australian Open. He is also an analyst for Tennis Channel and Prime Video Sport.
Michael Woods (Irish politician)
Michael Joseph Woods (born 8 December 1935) is an Irish former Fianna Fáil politician who served as Government Chief Whip from July 1979 to December 1979, Minister for Social Welfare from 1979 to 1981, 1987 to 1991, March 1982 to December 1982 and 1993 to 1994, Minister for Health from 1979 to 1981, March 1982 to December 1982 and November 1994 to December 1994, Minister for Agriculture and Food from 1991 to 1992, Minister for the Marine from 1992 to 1993, Minister for the Marine and Natural Resources from 1997 to 2000 and Minister for Education and Science from 2000 to 2002. He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) from 1977 to 2011.

Minister for Social Protection
The Minister for Social Protection (Irish: An tAire Coimirce Sóisialaí) is a senior minister in the Government of Ireland and leads the Department of Social Protection.

The Minister for Social Protection since January 2025 is Dara Calleary. He is also Minister for Rural and Community Development and the Gaeltacht.
Kiku Amino
Kiku Amino (網野 菊, Amino Kiku; January 16, 1900 - May 15, 1978) was a Japanese writer and translator of English and Russian literature. She was a recipient of the Women's Literature Prize, the Yomiuri Prize, and Japan Academy of the Arts prize.

Yomiuri Prize
The Yomiuri Prize for Literature (読売文学賞, Yomiuri Bungaku Shō) is a literary award in Japan.  The prize was founded in 1949 by the Yomiuri Shimbun Company to help form a "strong cultural nation".  The winner is awarded two million Japanese yen and an inkstone.
Prince Villanueva
Prince Allan Ray Eugenio Villanueva (born August 21, 1998) is a Filipino actor. He used to be co-managed by German Moreno and GMA Artist Center until the time of the former's demise, which made him one of the last talent discoveries by Moreno.

Sparkle GMA Artist Center
Sparkle (stylized in all caps, formerly known as GMA Artist Center, also formally as GMA Talent Development and Management Department and Sparkle GMA Artist Center) is the talent agency owned by GMA Network Inc. based in Quezon City, Philippines that was founded on August 12, 1995.
HC Bozen–Bolzano
The Hockey Club Bolzano Foxes, also known as commercial name HCB Alto Adige Alperia (in Italian) or HCB Südtirol Alperia (in German) is an Italian professional ice hockey team located in the city of Bolzano, South Tyrol autonomous province, that plays in the ICE Hockey League (ICEHL). It remains the most successful team in the history of the Italian Serie A, with 19 championships.

Italian Hockey League Serie A
Italian Hockey League Serie A, formerly known as Serie A, is the top tier of professional ice hockey in Italy, which first began play in 1925. They are conducted under the authority of the Federazione Italiana Sport del Ghiaccio (FISG). The league initially merged with the Inter-National League to become the Alps Hockey League in 2016. Italian teams in the Alps Hockey League also compete in the Italian Hockey League – Serie A.

The league was known as Elite.A during the 2013–14 season, and as Italian Hockey League – Elite during the 2017–18 season.
Simon John Curtis
Simon John Curtis (born 15 May 1956) is a farrier, author, lecturer and horse hoof-care expert with a PhD in Equine Physiology and Biomechanics (2017). He is a 4th generation farrier; his family have been farriers and blacksmiths in the Newmarket area for at least 150 years. In over 45 years working as a farrier, he has lectured and demonstrated in more than 30 countries including the USA, Australia, India, Russia, and Brazil.

Curtis is internationally renowned in the hoof-care world for his remedial farriery textbooks and lectures. Among other roles, is a Past Master of the Worshipful Company of Farriers, was made a member of the International Horseshoeing Hall of Fame in 2005, and is the only farrier to have been awarded an Honorary Associateship of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons.

Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons
The Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons  (RCVS) is the regulatory body for veterinary surgeons in the United Kingdom, established in 1844 by royal charter. It is responsible for monitoring the educational, ethical and clinical standards of the veterinary profession. Anyone wishing to practice as a vet in the United Kingdom must be registered with the RCVS.
Campus Berlin-Buch
Campus Berlin-Buch is a science, health and biotechnology cluster in the Buch quarter of Berlin, Germany. It co-locates basic research institutes, clinical research units and numerous biotechnology companies and start-ups. Since  reunification, the site has grown into one of Berlin's recognized "Zukunftsorte" (locations of the future) for innovation policy.

The campus covers around 32 hectares and employs roughly 6,500 people in the health and biotechnology sector. As of 2025, the managing directors are Dr. Christina Quensel and Dr. Ulrich Scheller.

Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association
The Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (Max Delbrück Center) in Berlin is one of the 18 institutions that make up the Helmholtz Association. It combines basic molecular biology research with clinical research and is dedicated to the research foci of systems medicine and cardiovascular diseases. The research center is named after the Berlin-born biophysicist and Nobel laureate Max Delbrück. The center is headed by Maike Sander.
Udo Reichl
Udo Reichl (born 22 October 1959, in Kaufbeuren)  a German bioengineer, is leader of the Research Group Bioprocess Engineering at the Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems in Magdeburg and Chair of Bioprocess Engineering at the Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg.

Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg
The Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg (English pronunciationⓘ;  German: Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg listenⓘ; OVGU) is a public research university founded in 1993 and located in Magdeburg, the capital city of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. The university has about 13,000 students across nine faculties.

The university is named after the physicist and former mayor of Magdeburg Otto von Guericke. The main research areas of the university are in the process engineering, neurosciences, biosystems technology, disease prevention, automotive research, digital engineering and renewable energies.

One of the best-known alumni and professors is the Leibniz Prize winner Axel Ockenfels.
Aleksander Jaakson
Aleksander Jaakson (29 January 1892 – 2 October 1942) was an Estonian general and educator. After beginnings as a teacher in Türi, he served with the Imperial Russian Army in World War I, and was advanced to Staff Captain. During the disintegration of the Russian Republic in 1917, he returned home to establish a branch of the Estonian Defence League. He was a decorated participant in the Estonian War of Independence and later continued serving in the Estonian Defence Forces in various positions, including military education.

Jaakson was the Estonian Minister of Education from 1936 to 1939, contributing to the establishment of various institutions—including Tallinn Technical University and the Estonian Academy of Sciences. His final contributions were as the last Chief of Staff of the Estonian Army, in which capacity he served from 1939 to 1940, reaching the rank of major general. With the onset of Soviet occupation, he was arrested by NKVD in 1940 and killed at Kirov two years later.

Estonian Defence League
The Estonian Defence League (Estonian: Kaitseliit, 'Defence League') is a voluntary national defence organization of the Republic of Estonia, under management of the Ministry of Defence. Its aim is to guarantee the preservation of the independence and sovereignty of the state, the integrity of its land area and its constitutional order.

The Defence League possesses arms and engages in military exercises, fulfilling the tasks given to it by the law. The organization is divided into 4 Territorial Defence Districts that consist of 15 Defence League regional units, called malevs, whose areas of responsibility mostly coincide with the borders of Estonian counties.