hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Søren Løvtrup
Soren Løvtrup (1922–2002) was a Danish embryologist and historian of science in the Department of Animal Physiology at the Umeå University, Sweden. Løvtrup was known for his macromutation theory of evolution, which was in opposition to traditional neo-Darwinism. In 1987, Løvtrup published his controversial book Darwinism: The Refutation of a Myth which challenged Charles Darwin's role as the intellectual founder of evolutionary theory and accused Darwin of plagiarism.

Umeå University
Umeå University (Swedish: Umeå universitet; Ume Sami: Ubmejen universitiähta; Meänkieli: Uumaja ynivärsiteetti); is a public research university located in Umeå, in the mid-northern region of Sweden. The university was founded in 1965 and is the fifth oldest within Sweden's present borders.

As of 2015, Umeå University has over 36,000 registered students (approximately 16,000 full-time students), including those at the postgraduate and doctoral level. It has more than 4,000 employees, half of which are teachers/researchers, including 310 professors.

Internationally, the university is known for research relating to the genome of the poplar tree and the Norway Spruce, and its highly ranked Institute of (industrial) Design.
Frank McAveety
Frank McAveety (born 27 July 1962) is a Scottish Labour Party politician who served as Leader of Glasgow City Council from 2015 to 2017. He has been a councillor for the Shettleston ward of Glasgow. He was previously the Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for the Glasgow Shettleston constituency from 1999 to 2011.

Shettleston (ward)
Shettleston (Ward 19) is one of the 23 wards of Glasgow City Council. Since its creation in 2007 it has returned four council members, using the single transferable vote system; the boundaries have not changed since it was formed.
Gordon Lish
Gordon Lish (born February 11, 1934) is an American writer. As a literary editor, he championed many American authors, particularly Raymond Carver, Barry Hannah, Amy Hempel, Rick Bass, Tom Spanbauer, and Richard Ford. He is the father of the novelist Atticus Lish.

Tom Spanbauer
Tom Spanbauer (June 30, 1946 – September 21, 2024) was an American writer whose work often explored issues of sexuality, race, and the ties that bind disparate people together. Raised in Idaho, Spanbauer lived in Kenya and across the United States. He later lived in Portland, Oregon, where he taught a course titled "dangerous writing." He graduated in 1988 from Columbia University with an MFA in Fiction and wrote five novels.
Almogavars
Almogavars (Spanish: almogávares; Aragonese: almugávares; Catalan: almogàvers; Portuguese: almogávares; originally Andalusian Arabic: المغاور, romanized: al-mughā́wir) is the name of a class of light infantry soldier that originated in the Crown of Aragon and was used in the later phases of the Reconquista, during the 13th and 14th centuries.

Almogavars were lightly clad, quick-moving frontiersmen and foot-soldiers. They hailed from the Kingdom of Aragon, the Principality of Catalonia, the Kingdom of Valencia, the Crown of Castile and the Kingdom of Portugal. In the Crown of Castile, the inner organization was managed by King Alfonso X of Castile in the Siete Partidas. At first, these troops were formed by farmers and shepherds originating from the countryside, woods, and frontier mountain areas. Later, they were employed as mercenaries in Italy, the Frankokratia, and the Levant.

Siete Partidas
The Siete Partidas (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈsjete paɾˈtiðas], "Seven-Part Code") or simply Partidas, was a Castilian statutory code first compiled during the reign of Alfonso X of Castile (1252–1284), with the intent of establishing a uniform body of normative rules for the kingdom. The codified and compiled text was originally called the Libro de las Leyes (Old Spanish: Livro de las legies) (Book of Laws). It was not until the 14th century that it was given its present name, referring to the number of sections into which it is divided.

The Partidas had great significance in Latin America as well, where it was followed for centuries, up to the 19th century. Although the code concentrates on legislative issues, it has also been described as a "humanist encyclopedia," as it addresses philosophical, moral and theological topics as well, including the Greco-Roman and Judeo-Christian views of warfare.
Bingsu
Bingsu (Korean: 빙수; lit. frozen water), sometimes written as bingsoo, is a milk-based Korean shaved ice dessert with sweet toppings that may include chopped fruit, condensed milk, fruit syrup, tteok, and red beans.

The most common variety is patbingsu (Korean: 팥빙수, lit. 'red bean frozen water'), topped with sweet red beans. The main ingredient of bingsu was natural ice in the past, but later, artificial ice was produced, and high-quality sweeteners were developed. Many modern bingsu varieties use frozen milk rather than water-based ice. Historically, the ice-cutting machine was a simple tool in the shape of a plane, but now, most shaved ice is created by electric ice shavers.

Condensed milk
Condensed milk is cow's milk from which water has been removed (roughly 60% of it). It is most often found with sugar added, in the form of sweetened condensed milk, to the extent that the terms "condensed milk" and "sweetened condensed milk" are often used interchangeably today. Sweetened condensed milk is a very thick, sweet product, which when canned can last for years without refrigeration if not opened. The product is used in numerous dessert dishes in many countries.

A related product is evaporated milk, which has undergone a lengthier preservation process because it is not sweetened.
Cardinal point (optics)
In Gaussian optics, the cardinal points consist of three pairs of points located on the optical axis of a rotationally symmetric, focal, optical system. These are the focal points, the principal points, and the nodal points; there are two of each. For ideal systems, the basic imaging properties such as image size, location, and orientation are completely determined by the locations of the cardinal points. For simple cases where the medium on both sides of an optical system is air or vacuum, four cardinal points are sufficient: the two focal points and either the principal points or the nodal points. The only ideal system that has been achieved in practice is a plane mirror, however the cardinal points are widely used to approximate the behavior of real optical systems. Cardinal points provide a way to analytically simplify an optical system with many components, allowing the imaging characteristics of the system to be approximately determined with simple calculations.

Ray (optics)
In optics, a ray is an idealized geometrical model of light or other electromagnetic radiation, obtained by choosing a curve that is perpendicular to the wavefronts of the actual light, and that points in the direction of energy flow.  Rays are used to model the propagation of light through an optical system, by dividing the real light field up into discrete rays that can be computationally propagated through the system by the techniques of ray tracing. This allows even very complex optical systems to be analyzed mathematically or simulated by computer.  Ray tracing uses approximate solutions to Maxwell's equations that are valid as long as the light waves propagate through and around objects whose dimensions are much greater than the light's wavelength.  Ray optics or geometrical optics does not describe phenomena such as diffraction, which require wave optics theory. Some wave phenomena such as interference can be modeled in limited circumstances by adding phase to the ray model.
Hitchin Town F.C.
Hitchin Town Football Club is an English semi-professional football club based in Hitchin, Hertfordshire. They are currently members of the Southern League Division One Central. Founded in 1865 and known as 'The Canaries', Hitchin Town have been based at Top Field since their foundation, and claim lineage from the defunct Hitchin Football Club, formed in 1865 and liquidated in 1911.

The club have played in a number of local leagues, starting off in the Spartan League before moving to first the Athenian League in 1939, then the Isthmian League in 1963 and finally the Southern League in 2004. Their most recent league honour has been the Southern League Division One Central, finishing play-off winners in 2010–11, their second season in the competition.

Isthmian League
The Isthmian League (/ˈɪs(θ)miən/) is a regional football league covering Greater London, East and South East England, featuring mostly semi-professional clubs. Together with the Southern Football League and the Northern Premier League it forms levels seven and eight of the English football league system.

Founded in 1905 by amateur clubs in the London area, the league now consists of 88 teams in four divisions: the Premier Division above its three feeder divisions, the North, South Central and South East divisions.
Together with the Southern League and the Northern Premier League, it forms the seventh and eighth levels of the English football league system. It has various regional feeder leagues and the league as a whole is a feeder league mainly to the National League South.
Antoni de Villarroel
Antonio de Villarroel y Pelaez (1656, Barcelona – 1726, A Coruña) was a Spanish military commander in the service of Philip V until 1710 in the War of the Spanish Succession. After the disgrace of Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, under whom he served and who plotted to replace Philip V, he switched to the Habsburg cause of Charles VI, keeping his rank. In 1713 he was appointed general commander of the Army of Catalonia.

A Coruña
A Coruña (Galician pronunciation: [ɐ koˈɾuɲɐ] ⓘ; in Spanish: La Coruña [la koˈɾuɲa] ⓘ; also informally called just Coruña; historical English: Corunna or The Groyne) is a city and municipality in Galicia, Spain. With a population of 249,255, it is the 2nd-largest city in Galicia behind Vigo. The city is the provincial capital of the province of A Coruña, having also served as political capital of the Kingdom of Galicia from the 16th to the 19th centuries, and as a regional administrative centre between 1833 and 1982.

A Coruña is located on a promontory in the Golfo Ártabro, a large gulf on the Atlantic Ocean. It is the main industrial and financial centre of northern Galicia, and holds the headquarters of the Universidade da Coruña. A Coruña is the city with the tallest mean-height of buildings in Spain, also featuring a population density of 21,972 inhabitants per square kilometre (56,910/sq mi) of built land area.
Exo (album)
Exo is the first studio album of Chicago-based electronic duo Gatekeeper, consisting of musicians Aaron David Ross and Matthew Arkell. It was released on July 17, 2012, on the label Hippos in Tanks. The EBM, IDM and acid techno album departs from the synth-heavy style of Gatekeeper's past releases, in that most of the melodies are performed by a sampler with a sound palette of high-definition Hollywood film sound effects. Gatekeeper was inspired to follow this HD aesthetic from an experience at World Heritage Sites which made them feel "really spiritual and charged up" to create the first track on the album, "IMAX." Exo was promoted with a visual exploration video game with environments designed by Contemporary artist Tabor Robak using the game engine Unity. Reviews for Exo from music journalists were favorable in general, holding an aggregate 70 out of 100 on Metacritic as of February 2017.

Unity (game engine)
Unity is a cross-platform game engine developed by Unity Technologies, first announced and released in June 2005 at the Apple Worldwide Developers Conference as a Mac OS X game engine. The engine has since been gradually extended to support a variety of desktop, mobile, console, augmented reality, and virtual reality platforms. It is particularly popular for iOS and Android mobile game development, is considered easy to use for beginner developers, and is popular for indie game development.

The engine can be used to create three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) games, as well as interactive simulations. The engine has been adopted by industries outside video gaming including film, automotive, architecture, engineering, construction, and the United States Armed Forces.
Patrick Lapeyre
Patrick Lapeyre (French pronunciation: [patʁik lapɛʁ]) is a French writer, and winner of the Prix Femina, 2010, for his seventh novel, La vie est brève et le désir sans fin.

Lapeyre was born in 1949 in Pantin. He attended the École Normale Supérieure with Alain Finkielkraut and Pascal Bruckner before studying literature at the Sorbonne. After becoming a teacher, he published his first novel, Le corps inflammable, in 1984. He received the Prix du Livre Inter in 2004 for L'Homme-soeur and the Prix Femina in 2010 for La vie est brève et le désir sans fin.

Pascal Bruckner
Pascal Bruckner (French: [bʁyknɛʁ]; born 15 December 1948 in Paris) is a French writer, one of the "New Philosophers" who came to prominence in the 1970s and 1980s. Much of his work has been devoted to critiques of French society and culture.
1946 Massachusetts elections
The 1946 Massachusetts general election was held on November 5, 1946, throughout Massachusetts. Primary elections took place on June 18.

At the federal level, Republican Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. was elected to the United States Senate over incumbent Senator David I. Walsh, and Republicans won nine of fourteen seats in the United States House of Representatives. Future President of the United States John F. Kennedy was elected to his first term in the House.

In the race for Governor, Republican Lt. Governor Robert F. Bradford defeated incumbent Democrat Maurice Tobin. Overall, Republicans won five of the six elected state-wide offices. Only incumbent Democratic Auditor Thomas J. Buckley retained his office.

Thomas J. Buckley
Thomas J. Buckley (February 3, 1895 – September 9, 1964) was an American politician who served as Massachusetts Auditor from 1941 to 1964.

Prior to becoming state auditor, Buckley was an auditor for the Rug-O-Vator Company and a former WPA bookkeeper. He had never held public office and his victory was believed to be helped by voters who confused him with former state auditor Thomas H. Buckley, to whom he was not related.

Buckley died of a heart attack. on the day before the 1964 primary election.
Rochelle Gadd
Rochelle Gadd (born 20 August 1980) is a British actress. Gadd initially portrayed Dill Lodge in Grange Hill before appearing in the  short film Black XXX-Mas. After a guest appearance on Casualty, Gadd then portrayed regular character Adele Azupadi and Olivia Johnson in the television shows The Story of Tracy Beaker and Hollyoaks, respectively. From 2007 to 2008, Gadd appeared in the stage production of Looking for JJ. Gadd has also appeared in various other productions, such as 15 Storeys High, Manchild, French and Saunders, The Robinsons, The Life and Times of Vivienne Vyle, Doctors and Suspicion

The Story of Tracy Beaker (TV series)
The Story of Tracy Beaker (informally known as Tracy Beaker or TSOTB) is a British television programme series adapted from the book of the same name by Jacqueline Wilson. It ran on CBBC for five series, from January 2002 to December 2005 and also contained a feature-length episode, Tracy Beaker: The Movie of Me, broadcast in February 2004, as well as a week of interactive episodes for Children in Need. The theme song was written and produced by Brian Harris and Nigel Lowis and performed by Keisha White.

It has become one of CBBC's most popular and repeated programmes, and still airs, however sporadically, on the channel as of 2022. Subsequently, it has spawned a number of spin-offs: Tracy Beaker Returns in 2010, which was followed by The Dumping Ground in 2013, and both My Mum Tracy Beaker and The Beaker Girls in 2021.
That Navy Spirit
That Navy Spirit is a 1937 American sports film directed by Kurt Neumann and starring Lew Ayres, Mary Carlisle and John Howard. It is also known by the alternative title Hold 'Em Navy. It follows two members of the American football team at the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis who compete over the same girl before the varsity game against West Point.

Mary Carlisle
Mary Carlisle (born Gwendolyn Witter; February 3, 1914 – August 1, 2018) was an American actress, singer and dancer, best known for her roles as a wholesome ingénue in numerous 1930s musical-comedy films.

Carlisle starred in more than 60 Hollywood films, moving beyond bit parts after coming to attention, alongside the likes of Gloria Stuart and Ginger Rogers, as one of 15 girls selected by the Western Association of Motion pictures as their WAMPAS Baby Stars in 1932. Her first major role was in the 1933 film College Humor with Bing Crosby. The two performers worked together in two additional films, Double or Nothing (1937) and Doctor Rhythm (1938). After her marriage in 1942 and a starring role in Dead Men Walk (1943), she retired from acting.
TV Dinners (album)
TV Dinners is Mikey McCleary's debut album of English songs. It consists of tracks that McCleary composed and wrote for major TV advertising brands like Vodafone, Levi's, Audi, Titan and Lakmé. He has extended these 45-second jingles into full songs by adding new composition and lyrics so that instead of sounding like jingles, they sound like tracks from various artists that were placed in TV ad films. Featuring McCleary's vocals on half the album, it also features the singers Anushka Manchanda, Shalmali Kholgade, Monica Dogra and Mauli Dave.

Mauli Dave
Mauli Dave (born 3 June 1987) is an Indian singer, actress, dancer, and television host. She was a contestant on Zee TV's Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Challenge 2007. She was also a finalist in Sony Entertainment's Chalo America Boogie Woogie in 2004, and was crowned Miss Teen India Texas 2007. Mauli then decided to move to Mumbai at the age of 19 to pursue a career in music and acting. She hosted a family dance show on the Zee Network titled "Rock n Roll Family" in 2008, lead role in a Zoom Tele-Film "Ek Anhonee", participated in Fear Factor India: Khatron Ke Khiladi season 4 and emerged as the Runner-up. She is from Gujarat.

She was seen in one episode of the Zee TV serial, Parrivaar.
Moog for Love
Moog for Love is the sixth extended play recorded by British electronic music duo Disclosure, consisting of brothers Howard and Guy Lawrence. The three-track record was released on 15 June 2016, by the labels Island and PMR Records. 2016 was a year where the duo were developing their skills of writing material while on the road. Its title is named after the 1952 Eddie Jefferson song "Moody's Mood for Love". They did not have enough material to produce a full-length album, but wanted to have a record released for the summer of that year regardless. Featuring collaborations with Eats Everything and Al Green, the album garnered generally mixed to positive reviews from music critics, some calling it a significant improvement over the duo's second studio LP Caracal (2015). Upon its release, the album landed at number 80 on the Australian Singles Chart.

Moody's Mood for Love
"Moody's Mood for Love" (a.k.a. Moody's Mood) is a 1952 song by Eddie Jefferson, whose melody is derived from an improvised solo by jazz saxophonist James Moody (and a brief solo in the middle by pianist Thore Swanerud) on a 1949 recording of the 1935 song "I'm in the Mood for Love". The song is structured as a duet, with a man proclaiming his love for a woman, and the woman (in the part of the melody corresponding to the piano solo) responding in kind.

The song gained widespread popularity after being recorded by singer King Pleasure, with the woman's part sung by Blossom Dearie. The song helped to popularize the vocalese jazz singing style. It has since been covered by many artists. Moody himself adopted the song as his own, recording it with Jefferson on the 1956 album Moody's Mood for Love and often singing the song himself in concert.
Rasta (Mandaeism)
A rasta (Classical Mandaic: ࡓࡀࡎࡕࡀ) is a white ceremonial garment that Mandaeans wear during most baptismal rites, religious ceremonies, and during periods of uncleanliness. It signifies the purity of the World of Light. The rasta is worn equally by the laypersons and the priests. If a Mandaean dies in clothes other than a rasta, it is believed that they will not reenter the World of Light, unless the rite "Ahaba ḏ-Mania" ('Giving of Garments') can be performed "for those who have died not wearing the ritual garment."

A rasta also has a stitched-on pocket called the daša.

Women also wear a robe (ʿabā) over the rasta during masbuta.: 16

Traditionally, a new rasta is worn for Dehwa Daimana (Dihba ḏ-Iamana ࡃࡉࡄࡁࡀ ࡖࡉࡀࡌࡀࡍࡀ).

Burzinqa
The burzinqa (Classical Mandaic: ࡁࡅࡓࡆࡉࡍࡒࡀ) is a turban worn by Mandaean men during baptismal ceremonial rituals. It forms the upper end of a lengthy piece of cotton cloth. For priests who are performing rituals, the loose lower end, called the rugza (Classical Mandaic: ࡓࡅࡂࡆࡀ), can be used as a pandama or mouth-veil.
Cuando me enamoro (TV series)
Cuando me enamoro (English: Timeless Love) is a Mexican telenovela produced by Carlos Moreno Laguillo for Televisa. It is based on the 1998 telenovela La mentira.

Silvia Navarro, Juan Soler, Rocío Banquells, René Casados and Julieta Rosen star in this telenovela.

Univision broadcast Cuando me enamoro from April 20, 2011, to January 6, 2012.

Rocío Banquells
Rocío Banquells (Spanish pronunciation: [roˈsi.o βaŋˈkels]; born María del Rocío Banquells Nuñez; 22 June 1958) is a Mexican pop singer, politician, and actress, best known for her work on television, the stage and cinema of Mexico and Latin America. Her mezzo voice is one of the most versatile voices from Mexico. She sings operetta, ranchera, rock, and ballads.
Symbiontida
Symbiontida is a basal class of flagellate Euglenozoa. As euglenozoans may be basal eukaryotes, the Symbiontida may be key to studying the evolution of eukaryotes, including the incorporation of eukaryotic traits such as the incorporation of alphaproteobacterial mitochondrial endosymbionts.

Euglenozoa are a large group of flagellate Discoba. They include a variety of common free-living species, as well as a few important parasites, some of which infect humans. Euglenozoa are represented by four major classes, i.e., Kinetoplastea, Diplonemea, Euglenida, and Symbiontida. Euglenozoa are unicellular, mostly around 15–40 μm (0.00059–0.00157 in) in size, although some euglenids get up to 500 μm (0.020 in) long.

Flagellate
A flagellate is a cell or organism with one or more whip-like appendages called flagella. The word flagellate also describes a particular construction (or level of organization) characteristic of many prokaryotes and eukaryotes and their means of motion. The term presently does not imply any specific relationship or classification of the organisms that possess flagella. However, several derivations of the term "flagellate" (such as "dinoflagellate" and "choanoflagellate") are more formally characterized.
Al-Yaarubiyah, Azaz
al-Yaarubiyah (Arabic: اليعربية, romanized: al-Ya'rubīyah), also known as Daliha (Arabic: دلحة, romanized: Dalḩah), is a village in northern Aleppo Governorate, northwestern Syria. Located halfway between Azaz and al-Rai, approximately 45 kilometres (28 mi) north of the city of Aleppo and 3 km (1.9 mi) south of the border to the Turkish province of Kilis, the village administratively belongs to Nahiya Sawran in Azaz District. Nearby localities include Baraghida 3 km (1.9 mi) to the southwest and Dudiyan 5 km (3.1 mi) to the southeast.

Baraghida
Baraghida (Arabic: براغيدة, romanized: Barāghīdah) is a village in northern Aleppo Governorate, northwestern Syria. Located halfway between Azaz and al-Rai, some 45 kilometres (28 mi) north of the city of Aleppo and 4 km (2.5 mi) south of the border to the Turkish province of Kilis. The village administratively belongs to Nahiya Sawran in Azaz District. Nearby localities include Kafr Ghan 3 km (1.9 mi) to the west, Dudiyan 7 km (4.3 mi) to the east and Sawran 8 km (5.0 mi) to the south.