hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John M. Broughton
John M. Broughton is an American psychologist and professor who specialises in cultural studies, media and visual culture, youth culture, popular culture, gender, and violence. Broughton graduated from Cambridge University with both a BA and Masters of Arts, later earning his PhD at Harvard University. He became an associate professor of Psychology and Education at the Teachers College at Columbia University in 1976, and continues to hold the position.

Visual culture
Visual culture is the aspect of culture expressed in visual images. Many academic fields study this subject, including cultural studies, art history, critical theory, philosophy, media studies, Deaf Studies, and anthropology.

The field of visual culture studies in the United States corresponds or parallels the Bildwissenschaft ("image studies") in Germany. Both fields are not entirely new, as they can be considered reformulations of issues of photography and film theory that had been raised from the 1920s and 1930s by authors like Béla Balázs, László Moholy-Nagy, Siegfried Kracauer and Walter Benjamin.
1950 United States House of Representatives elections in Nebraska
The 1950 United States House of Representatives elections in Nebraska were held on November 7, 1950, to elect the state of Nebraska's four members to the United States House of Representatives. Incumbent Republican Congressmen Carl Curtis, Karl Stefan, and Arthur L. Miller won re-election, while Democratic Congressman Eugene D. O'Sullivan lost re-election to former Congressman Howard Buffett.

Carl Curtis
Carl Thomas Curtis (March 15, 1905 – January 24, 2000) was an American attorney and politician from the U.S. state of Nebraska. He served as a Republican in the United States House of Representatives (1939–1954) and later the United States Senate (1955–1979). He remains the second longest-serving senator from Nebraska.
Louis Adolf Gölsdorf
Louis Adolf Gölsdorf (16 February 1837 – 28 November 1911) was an Austrian engineer and locomotive designer. He was the father of Karl Gölsdorf.

Louis Adolf Gölsdorf was born in Plaue, Austria, on 16 February 1837 and educated in Chemnitz and Dresden in the Kingdom of Saxony at various technical schools before taking up technical work for the Leipzig–Dresden Railway Company. In 1860 he became a mechanical engineer with the Lokomotivfabrik der StEG in Vienna, but moved in 1861 to the Austrian Southern Railway, the Südbahn, where he soon took on a leading role in the locomotive design office. From 1885 to 1908 he was the chief mechanical engineer (Maschinendirektor) of the Southern Railway (Südbahn).

In addition to his own locomotive designs, he developed the so-called Gepäcklokomotive (luggage locomotive) with Anton Elbel, an economical type of locomotive with its own luggage compartment that was deployed on several Austro-Hungarian railways.

He died on 28 November 1911 in Vienna.

Austrian Southern Railway
The Austrian Southern Railway (German: Österreichische Südbahn) is a 577.2-kilometre (358.7 mi) long double track railway, which linked the capital Vienna with Trieste, the former main seaport of Austria-Hungary, by railway for the first time. It now forms the Southern Railway in Austria and the Spielfeld-Straß–Trieste railway in Slovenia and Italy.
Zanzottera MZ 301
The Zanzottera MZ 301 is a three-cylinder, in-line two-stroke, dual ignition aircraft engine designed for ultralight aircraft.

The engine was originally designed and produced by Zanzottera Technologies of Italy, but the design was sold, along with the rest of the company's two-stroke ultralight aircraft engine line, to Compact Radial Engines of Surrey, British Columbia, Canada. Compact Radial Engines was then in turn acquired by Fiate Aviation Co., Ltd. of Hefei, Anhui, China in August 2017. Fiate Aviation did not advertise the engine as available in 2021.

Zanzottera MZ 201
The Zanzottera MZ 201 and MZ 202 are a family of twin-cylinder, in-line two-stroke, dual ignition aircraft engines designed for ultralight aircraft and motor gliders.

The engine was originally designed and produced by Zanzottera Technologies of Italy, but the design was sold, along with the rest of the company's two-stroke ultralight aircraft engine line, to Compact Radial Engines of Surrey, British Columbia, Canada. Compact Radial Engines was then in turn acquired by Fiate Aviation Co., Ltd. of Hefei, Anhui, China in August 2017.
Richie Hawkyard
Ritchie Hawkyard (born 21 January 1986), also known by the nicknames of "Hawky", and "Titch", is a Scotland former international rugby league footballer who last played at fullback for Midlands Hurricanes in the RFL League 1.

RFL League One
The Rugby Football League's League One (known as the Betfred League One) was the third-highest division of rugby league in Britain. It was also the lowest level of professional rugby league in Britain.

Introduced in 2003 as National League 2 it was the first time British rugby league had a third tier since the old Third and Second Divisions merged  in 1998. The league was rebranded as Championship 1 in 2009, then League 1 in 2015, and League One in 2022.

The league was disbanded at the conclusion of 2025 due to the merger of the Championship and League One for the 2026 season.
2013 Albuquerque mayoral election
The 2013 Albuquerque mayoral election took place on October 4, 2013. This election was the first one to require a runoff election if no candidate received fifty percent of the vote. In past elections, a runoff was required if no candidate received forty percent of the vote, but in a March 11, 2013, special election, voters approved an amendment to the city charter raising the threshold.

Incumbent Mayor Richard Berry, a Republican, ran for re-election to a second term. Though several high-profile candidates, including former Lieutenant Governor Diane Denish, City Councilor Ken Sanchez, and former First Lady of Albuquerque Margaret Aragón de Chávez considered running, all ultimately declined to. Berry's main opponent was former City Councilman Pete Dinelli, a Democrat who had served as the city's Chief Public Safety Officer. Berry ultimately won re-election in a landslide, receiving 68 percent of the vote to Dinelli's 29 percent.

Diane Denish
Diane Daniels Denish (/ˈdɛnɪʃ/ DEN-ish; born March 7, 1949) is an American politician, who was the 28th lieutenant governor of New Mexico from 2003 to 2011 under Governor Bill Richardson. Denish was the first woman to hold that post.

There was early speculation that Denish would run in the 2008 election for the New Mexico Senate seat vacated by Pete Domenici, but she ruled out running. She ran for governor in 2010 and was defeated by Republican nominee Susana Martinez on November 2, 2010.
Holevo's theorem
Holevo's theorem is a result in quantum information theory. It is sometimes called Holevo's bound, since it gives an upper bound on the accessible information, which is amount of information that can be known about a quantum state. It was first published by Alexander Holevo in 1973.

Quantum mutual information
In quantum information theory, quantum mutual information (QMI), or von Neumann mutual information, after John von Neumann, is a measure of correlation between subsystems of quantum state. It is the quantum mechanical analog of Shannon mutual information.
Albu Nasir
Albu Nasir is a village in Iraq, which is located in the Al Anbar Governorate north west of the city of Fallujah and east of Ramadi, on a loop of the river Euphrates. To the north lies Albu Bali, to the east Baaran and the Khalidiya Island area. To the south the town of Khalidiya is located.

In 2015/16, during clashes in the area and following Anbar offensive, there was intense fighting in the area between the Iraqi army and ISIL militants. On 4 January 2015, it was reported that Albu Nasir was recaptured from ISIL by Iraqi forces.

Al-Khalidiya, Iraq
Al-Khalidiya (Arabic: الخالدية, also Al-Khaldiya, Khalidiya, Khalediya) is a city in Al-Anbar Province, in central Iraq, on the southern banks of river Euphrates. It was founded in 1969 as a settlement for Assyrian Christian families who were displaced as a result of the closure of RAF Habbaniya, though it is now predominantly populated by Sunni Arabs. The city was named after Khalid Shakar, deputy of Iraqi Baath party founder Fuad al-Rikabi. North of Al-Khaldiya, on the northern banks of Euphrates river, the peninsula of Khalidiya Island is located.

Al-Khalidiya was captured by ISIL militants in 2014. Although the city was recaptured by Iraqi security forces, only four buildings remained after intense fighting between ISIL militants and security forces.
9 (2021 film)
9 is a 2021 Uruguayan-Argentine sports drama film written and directed by Martín Barrenechea & Nicolás Branca (in their directorial debuts). It stars Enzo Vogrincic, Rafael Spregelburd, Horacio Camandulle, Rogelio Gracia, Roxana Blanco, Lara Sofía, Santiago Sanguinetti. The film won Best International Film at the 8th National Film Awards. It was also considered by Uruguay's Instituto Nacional del Cine and the Audiovisual Uruguayo for the Uruguayan selection for the Best International Feature Film at the 95th Academy Awards, but it was not chosen.

Rafael Spregelburd
Rafael Spregelburd (born 1970 in Buenos Aires) is an Argentine playwright, director and actor. He studied acting and drama at the University of Buenos Aires.
From 1995 he started directing, mainly in theatre performances of his own works.
He won a number of awards including the Tirso de Molina.
His plays are critically acclaimed in Argentina and in some European countries.
Pilsner Urquell Brewery
Plzeňský Prazdroj, a. s. (pronounced [ˈpl̩zɛɲskiː ˈprazdroj a ˈɛs]; Pilsner Urquell Brewery) is a Czech brewery which opened in 1842 in Plzeň, Bohemia. It was the first brewery to produce a pale lager, branded as Pilsner Urquell, which became so popular and was so much copied that more than two-thirds of the beer produced in the world today is pale lager, sometimes named pils, pilsner and pilsener after Pilsner Urquell. The brewery name, Pilsner Urquell, which can be roughly translated into English as "the original source at Pilsen", was adopted as a trademark in 1898. Pilsner Urquell is the largest producer and exporter of beer in the Czech Republic.

The brewery was part of the SABMiller group of companies from 1999 to 2017. As part of agreements with regulators before Anheuser-Busch InBev was allowed to acquire SABMiller in 2016, Pilsner Urquell was sold to Japan-based Asahi Breweries in 2017.

AB InBev
Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV, known as AB InBev, is an American-Belgian multinational drink and brewing company based in Leuven, Belgium. It is the largest brewer in the world,  and in 2023, was ranked 72nd in the Forbes Global 2000.

AB InBev was formed in 2008, with Belgian-Brazilian brewing company InBev's acquisition of the American company Anheuser-Busch. Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV is a publicly listed company, with its primary listing on the Euronext Brussels. It has secondary listings on Mexico City Stock Exchange, Johannesburg Stock Exchange, and New York Stock Exchange. AB InBev has offices in New York City, alongside regional headquarters in São Paulo, London, St. Louis, Mexico City, Bremen, Johannesburg, and others. It has approximately 630 beer brands in 150 countries.
The Prey (2011 film)
The Prey (French: La proie) is a 2011 French action thriller directed by Éric Valette, written by Laurent Turner and Luc Bossi, and starring Albert Dupontel as an escaped criminal who must outwit a dogged cop (Alice Taglioni) while he attempts to rescue his daughter (Jaïa Caltagirone) from a serial killer (Stéphane Debac).

Albert Dupontel
Albert Dupontel (French: [albɛʁ dypɔ̃tɛl]; born 11 January 1964) is a French actor, film director and screenwriter. Following his father's path, he studied medicine but eventually switched to theater, disillusioned by hospital life. He started his career as a stand-up comedian. In February 1998, his film Bernie took the Grand Prize at the 9th Yubari International Fantastic Film Festival which was attended by Dupontel.
Hang Seng Bank
Hang Seng Bank Limited (Chinese: 恒生銀行有限公司) is a Hong Kong–based banking and financial services company with headquarters in Central, Hong Kong.  It is a wholly owned subsidiary of the HSBC Group.

Hang Seng Bank is a commercial bank whose major business activities include retail banking, wealth management, commercial banking, treasury services, and private banking. Hang Seng Bank operates a network of around 260 service outlets in Hong Kong. It also has a wholly owned subsidiary in mainland China, Hang Seng Bank (China) Limited, which has a network of 46 branches and sub branches.

It established the Hang Seng Index as a public service in 1969 and this stock market index is now generally known as the primary indicator of the Hong Kong stock market.

Private banking
Private banking is a general description for banking, investment and other financial services provided by banks and financial institutions primarily serving high-net-worth individuals (HNWIs) – those with very high income or substantial assets. Private banking is presented by those who provide such services as an exclusive subset of wealth management services, provided to particularly affluent clients. The term "private" refers to customer service rendered on a more personal basis than in mass-market retail banking, usually provided via dedicated bank advisers. It has typically consisted of banking services (deposit taking and payments), discretionary asset management, brokerage, limited tax advisory services and some basic concierge services, typically offered through a gateway provided by a single designated relationship manager.
Gilmar Mendes
Gilmar Ferreira Mendes (Portuguese pronunciation: [ʒiwˈma(ʁ) feˈʁe(j).ɾɐ ˈmẽ.d͡ʒis]; born December 30, 1955) is a Brazilian Justice of the Supremo Tribunal Federal (Brazilian Supreme Federal Court), appointed by then President Fernando Henrique Cardoso in 2002. Mendes was the Chief Justice of the Court for the 2008–2010 term. Earlier, he had been the Attorney General from 2000 to 2002.

He has been criticised by legal scholars and journalists for the supposedly opportunistic political motivations of his rulings, and mocked for his alleged penchant for freeing powerful politicians suspected of corruption. In 2009, fellow Justice Joaquim Barbosa confronted him during a televised session of the Court, comparing him to a local criminal leader who commanded "thugs".

Joaquim Barbosa
Joaquim Benedito Barbosa Gomes (Portuguese pronunciation: [ʒoɐˈkĩ beneˈdʒitu bɐʁˈbɔzɐ ˈɡomis]; born October 7, 1954) is a former Justice of the Supreme Federal Court in Brazil. He served as the president of the court (Chief Justice) between 2012 and 2014.

Barbosa studied law at University of Brasília (1979) and holds a master's degree (1990) and a doctorate (1993) from Panthéon-Assas University. He is a Doctor Honoris Causa of Hebrew University (2015).

In 2013, he was elected by Time magazine as one of the 100 most influential people in the world.
The Road (film score)
The Road (Original Film Score) is the film score to the 2009 film The Road directed by John Hillcoat starring Viggo Mortensen and Kodi Smit-McPhee. The original score is composed by Nick Cave and Warren Ellis and released through Mute Records on November 22, 2009. A vinyl edition of the film score was released, a decade later, on August 2, 2019.

John Hillcoat
John Hillcoat (born 14 August 1961) is an Australian film director, screenwriter, and music video director.

His early work includes the 1988 prison film Ghosts... of the Civil Dead, as well as music videos for bands such as Siouxsie and the Banshees, Depeche Mode and Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds. His breakthrough film, the 2005 outback Western The Proposition, was written by Nick Cave and received widespread critical acclaim. Hillcoat went on to direct The Road (2009), an adaptation of Cormac McCarthy's 2006 novel of the same name, and Lawless (2012), a Prohibition-era crime drama. His films often explore themes of survival, violence, and morality, showcasing a raw, atmospheric aesthetic.
Guildford Phoenix
The Guildford Phoenix are an ice hockey team based in Guildford, England. They currently play in the NIHL 2 South West Division. The Guildford Phoenix are a minor league affiliate of the Guildford Flames of the Elite Ice Hockey League.

The Phoenix is the senior men's team of the Guildford Junior Ice Hockey club and was set up as part of the progression pathway for Guildford junior players into senior hockey.  After one or two seasons with the Phoenix, many players have gone on to play in the National league or NIHL 1.

Phoenix gained extensive media coverage in October 2019, following the signing of former Chelsea and Arsenal goalkeeper Petr Čech.

Guildford Flames
The Guildford Flames are a professional ice hockey team based in Guildford, Surrey. They play their home games in the Guildford Spectrum and compete in the top-tier of hockey in the United Kingdom, the Elite Ice Hockey League.

Founded in October 1992, the Flames originally played in the second-tier leagues of British hockey, first the British National League until 2004, and subsequently the English Premier Ice Hockey League until 2017. On 24 February 2017 it was announced that the Flames would become the 12th Elite Ice Hockey League team, joining from the 2017–18 season.

The team's head coach is Paul Dixon, who took over after Stan Marple retired in 2007.
Bledian Krasniqi
Bledian Krasniqi (born 17 June 2001) is a professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Swiss Super League club Zürich. Born in Switzerland, he represented that nation at youth international levels but in 2024 switched to play for Kosovo national team.

Kosovo national football team
The Kosovo national football team (Albanian: Kombëtarja e futbollit të Kosovës; Serbian: Фудбалска репрезентација Косова, romanized: Fudbalska reprezentacija Kosova) represents Kosovo in men's international football. The team is controlled by the Football Federation of Kosovo, the governing body for football in Kosovo, and is under the jurisdiction of FIFA globally.
Doctor Who season 21
The twenty-first season of British science fiction television series Doctor Who began on 5 January 1984 with the Fifth Doctor (Peter Davison) serial Warriors of the Deep, and ended on 30 March 1984 with Colin Baker's first serial The Twin Dilemma. For the third time (the first being during Season 4 and second being Season 18), the entire TARDIS crew changed over the course of a single season. John Nathan-Turner produced the series, with Eric Saward script editing.

Peter Davison
Peter Malcolm Gordon Moffett (born 13 April 1951), known professionally as Peter Davison, is an English actor. He played Tristan Farnon in the 1978 BBC television adaptation of James Herriot's All Creatures Great and Small stories, and starred as the fifth incarnation of the Doctor in Doctor Who (1981–1984), at the time the youngest actor to play the role.

Davison's other starring roles included the sitcoms Holding the Fort (1980–1982) and Sink or Swim (1980–1982), Dr. Stephen Daker in A Very Peculiar Practice (1986–1988), and Albert Campion in Campion (1989–1990). He also played David Braithwaite in At Home with the Braithwaites (2000–2003), "Dangerous" Davies in The Last Detective (2003–2007), and Henry Sharpe in Law & Order: UK (2011–2014).
Butch Laswell
Sherman Dwayne "Butch" Laswell (October 12, 1958 – March 10, 1996) was an American stunt performer and professional motorcycle stunt rider. Laswell died after sustaining injuries during a live stunt in front of a crowd of spectators, while attempting to carry out a dangerous motorcycle jump in Mesquite, Nevada. The accident was captured on camera.

Mesquite, Nevada
Mesquite is a city located in the northeast corner of Clark County, Nevada, United States adjacent to the Arizona state line and 80 miles (130 km) northeast of Las Vegas on Interstate 15. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 20,471. The city is located in the Virgin River valley adjacent to the Virgin Mountains in the northeastern part of the Mojave Desert. It is home to a growing retirement community, as well as several casino resorts and golf courses.
Robert Weiss (choreographer)
Robert Weiss is an American ballet dancer, choreographer, and Artistic Director of Carolina Ballet.  He began his professional career at age 17 joining the New York City Ballet under George Balanchine, eventually becoming a Principal Dancer sometime prior to 1977. Balanchine created several roles for him, including Ballo della Regina.  Weiss remained with the New York City Ballet for 16 years. He later served as Artistic Director of the Pennsylvania Ballet from 1982 to 1990. Weiss then became the founding Artistic Director of Carolina Ballet in 1997 where he has remained to this day.

Artistic director
An artistic director is the executive of an arts organization, particularly in a theatre company or dance company, who handles the organization's artistic direction. They are generally a producer and director, but not in the sense of a mogul, since the organization is generally a non-profit organization. The artistic director of a theatre company is the individual with the overarching artistic control of the theatre's production choices, directorial choices, and overall artistic vision.  In smaller theatres, the artistic director may be the founder of the theatre and the primary director of its plays.  In larger non-profit theatres (often known in Canada and the United States as regional theatres), the artistic director may be appointed by the board of directors.
Greg Townsend
Gregory Townsend Sr. (born November 3, 1961) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive end in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Long Beach City before transferring to TCU and was selected by the Los Angeles Raiders in the fourth round of the 1983 NFL draft. He also played for the Philadelphia Eagles.

Los Angeles Raiders
The Los Angeles Raiders were a professional American football team of the National Football League (NFL). The Raiders played in Los Angeles from 1982 to 1994 before moving back to Oakland, California, where the team played from its inaugural 1960 season through 1981, and then again from 1995 to 2019.

The team's first home game in Los Angeles was at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum on November 22, 1982, after a 57-day player strike. They played their last game as a Los Angeles–based team on December 24, 1994. During their tenure in Los Angeles, the Raiders won four Division titles (AFC West), and one Super Bowl championship: 1983 (XVIII).

After both the Raiders and the Rams left Los Angeles after the 1994 season, Los Angeles was left without an NFL team until the 2016 season.
Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi
Mihaly Robert Csikszentmihalyi (/ˈmiːhaɪ ˈtʃiːksɛntmiːˌhɑːjiː/ MEE-hy CHEEK-sent-mee-HAH-yee, Hungarian: Csíkszentmihályi Mihály Róbert, pronounced [ˈt͡ʃiːksɛntmihaːji ˈmihaːj] ⓘ; 29 September 1934 – 20 October 2021) was a Hungarian-American psychologist. He recognized and named the psychological concept of "flow", a highly focused mental state conducive to productivity. He was the Distinguished Professor of Psychology and Management at Claremont Graduate University. Earlier, he served as the head of the department of psychology at the University of Chicago and of the department of sociology and anthropology at Lake Forest College.

Claremont Graduate University
The Claremont Graduate University (CGU) is a private postgraduate research university in Claremont, California, United States. Founded in 1925, CGU is a member of the Claremont Colleges consortium which includes five undergraduate and two graduate institutions of higher education.

The university is organized into seven separate units: the School of Arts & Humanities; School of Community & Global Health; Drucker School of Management; School of Educational Studies; the School of Social Science, Policy, & Evaluation; the Center for Information Systems & Technology; and the Institute of Mathematical Sciences. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity."