hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Germ layer
A germ layer, primary germinal layer, or germinal layer is a primary layer  of cells that forms during  animal embryonic development. Germ layers form during gastrulation, when the early embryo is formed of two or three layers of cells.

Sponges do not have a gastrulation stage and possess no true germ layers. They do though have two layers of cells separated by a gel-like mesohyl. Some aquatic invertebrates such as cnidarians, and comb jellies, develop from only two germ layers, an ectoderm and an endoderm, and are known as diploblasts. But most animals have a bilateral symmetry, and develop from three germ layers, an ectoderm, endoderm, and a middle layer of mesoderm, and are triploblastic.

Germ layers eventually give rise to all of an animal's tissues and organs through the processes of histogenesis, and organogenesis.

Mesohyl
The mesohyl, formerly known as mesenchyme or as mesoglea, is the gelatinous matrix within a sponge.  It fills the space between the external pinacoderm and the internal choanoderm.  The mesohyl resembles a type of connective tissue and contains several amoeboid cells such as amebocytes, as well as fibrils and skeletal elements.  
For a long time, it has been largely accepted that sponges lack true tissue, but it is currently debated as to whether mesohyl and pinacoderm layers are tissues.

The mesohyl is composed of the following main elements:  collagen, fibronectin-like molecules, galectin, and a minor component, dermatopontin.  These polypeptides form the extracellular matrix which provides the platform for specific cell adhesion as well as for signal transduction and cellular growth.

The mesohyl includes a noncellular colloidal mesoglea with embedded collagen fibers, spicules and various cells, being as such a type of mesenchyme.
Dmitry Dedov
Dmitry Ivanovich Dedov (Russian: Дмитрий Иванович Дедов; born 22 February 1967) is a Russian judge and corporate law scholar who has served as judge of the European Court of Human Rights in respect of Russia from 2013 to 2022 and previously as judge of the Russia's High Court of Arbitration from 2008 to 2012.

High Court of Arbitration of Russia
The High Court of Arbitration of the Russian Federation (also translated as the Supreme Court of Arbitration or the Higher Arbitration Court; Russian: Высший Арбитражный суд Российской Федерации) was the court of final instance in commercial disputes in Russia from 1992 to 2014. Additionally, it supervised the work of lower courts of arbitration and gave interpretation of laws and elucidations concerning their implementations, which are compulsory for lower courts. It was replaced by a 30-Judge Judicial Chamber for Commercial Disputes that is part of an expanded Russian Supreme Court effective August 8, 2014.
Joaquinite-(Ce)
Joaquinite-(Ce) is a rare silicate mineral with the chemical formula NaBa2Ce2Fe2+Ti2Si8O26(OH)·2H2O. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system with orthorhombic pseudomorphism and exhibits tabular crystals.

Orthorhombic crystal system
In crystallography, the orthorhombic crystal system is one of the seven crystal systems. Orthorhombic lattices result from stretching a cubic lattice along two of its orthogonal pairs by two different factors, resulting in a rectangular prism with a rectangular base (a by b) and height (c), such that a, b, and c are distinct. All three bases intersect at 90° angles, so the three lattice vectors remain mutually orthogonal.
St Edmund's Church, Forest Gate
51°32′39.954″N 0°2′13.049″E﻿ / ﻿51.54443167°N 0.03695806°E﻿ / 51.54443167; 0.03695806
St Edmund's Church, Forest Gate or the Church of St Edmund, King and Martyr, Forest Gate is an Anglo-Catholic church in the Forest Gate area of Newham, east London. It is dedicated to Edmund the Martyr. It originated in 1895 as the Red Post Lane mission district of All Saints parish. It became a parish of its own in 1901, with a permanent church completed in 1932. It now forms part of the East Ham Team Parish (also known as the Parish of the Holy Trinity) alongside St Mary Magdalene's Church, St Bartholomew's Church and St Alban's Church.

All Saints Church, East Ham
All Saints Church, East Ham is a Church of England church in East Ham, east London. It was set up around 1880 in an iron mission church (within the parish of Emmanuel Church) to meet the development of the Woodgrange Estate. This was replaced by a parish of its own with a permanent church in the Early English style on Romford Road in 1886.
C ya laterrrr
c ya laterrrr is an autobiographical hypertext fiction written by Dan Hett about his experiences following his brother dying in the Manchester Arena bombing. It won the New Media Writing Prize in 2020.

New Media Writing Prize
The New Media Writing Prize is an annual, juried competition in the United Kingdom awarding prizes to works of innovative digital fiction that uses interactivity, participatory elements and/or multimedia and achieves "good storytelling". Works that are shortlisted for the prize are seen as "cutting edge, exemplar works, which one might suppose demonstrate the best of everything that new-media storytelling can offer", and are archived by the British Library.
Manassoru Mayil
Manassoru Mayil is a 1977 Indian Malayalam film, directed by P. Chandrakumar. The film stars Vincent, Jayabharathi, Pattom Sadan, Sankaradi and Raghavan, Jayan in the lead roles. The film has musical score by A. T. Ummer.

Pattom Sadan
Sadhasivan, popularly known as Pattom Sadan was an Indian actor in Malayalam cinema. He acted in more than 200 films. His debut movie was Chathurangam in 1959. He was a famous comedy artist during the 1960s and 1970s. He acted in many Tamil movies as well. He was a theatre artist turned movie actor. He hailed from Pattom, Thiruvananthapuram. He started his career with drama and later moved to Tamil movies. He was married and has two children. The family resides at Vadapalani, Chennai. He died at a private hospital at Vadapalani in 1992.
Baldwin Cooke
Baldwin Gardiner Cooke (March 10, 1888 – December 31, 1953), also known as Baldy Cooke, was a comedic American actor. Born in New York, Cooke and his wife, Alice, toured in vaudeville with Stan Laurel, remaining close friends over the years. He appeared in some thirty Laurel and Hardy comedies. Cooke also appeared in the Our Gang series, and supported Charley Chase in 1931's La Señorita de Chicago. His grave is located at Valhalla Memorial Park Cemetery where Laurel's co-star, Oliver Hardy is interred.

Oliver Hardy
Oliver Norvell Hardy (born Norvell Hardy; January 18, 1892 – August 7, 1957) was an American comic actor and one half of Laurel and Hardy, the double act that began in the era of silent films and lasted from 1926 to 1957. He appeared with his comedy partner Stan Laurel in 107 short films, feature films, and cameo roles. He was credited with his first film, Outwitting Dad, in 1914. In most of his silent films before joining producer Hal Roach, he was billed on screen as Babe Hardy.
Tighearnach ua Cleirigh
Tighearnach ua Cleirigh (died 916) was King of Uí Fiachrach Aidhne.

Sub anno 916, the Annals of the Four Masters states  Tighearnach ua Cleirigh, lord of Aidhne, died. He appears to have been a son of the previous king, Maelfabhaill mac Cleireach. His appellation was therefore not a surname, merely denoting he was the grandson of Cleireach. However, his descendants adopted the surname Ó Cléirigh, and all subsequent bearers of the name are believed to descend from him. Notables include:

Flann Ua Clerigh, fl. 952, apparently the first to use the surname.

Mac Comhaltan Ua Cleirigh,  King of Uí Fiachrach Aidhne, fl. 964.

Ruaidhrí mac Coscraigh, fl. 993

Mac Comhaltan Ua Cleirigh, fl. 998, alias Muireadhach?

Gilla Ceallaigh Ua Cleirigh, died 1003

Lughaidh Ó Cléirigh  (fl. 1595–1630)

Mícheál Ó Cléirigh (c. 1590–1643), considered the chief author of the chronicle of medieval Irish history known as the Annals of the Four Masters.

Cú Choigcríche Ó Cléirigh (died 1664)

Ruaidhrí mac Coscraigh
Ruaidhrí mac Coscraigh was King of South Connacht and of Uí Briúin and a fourth great-grandson of the eponym of Clann Cosgraigh.  Ruaidhri is mentioned in the Annals of Inisfallen and Tigernach as well as the Leabhar na nGenealach.

Ruaidhrí was slain fighting Conchobar mac Mael Sechnaill, King of Corcu Modruad and Mac Comhaltan Ua Cleirigh of the Uí Fiachrach Aidhne in 993.
Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive 2011
Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive 2011 (2011/61/EU) is a directive of the European Union on the financial regulation of hedge funds, private equity, real estate funds, and other "Alternative Investment Fund Managers" (AIFMs) in the European Union. The Directive requires all covered AIFMs to obtain authorisation, and make various disclosures as a condition of operation. It followed the 2008 financial crisis. Before, the alternative investment industry had not been regulated at the EU level.

It was reported in May 2014 that only one-third of EU member states had successfully implemented the directive into law. As of 2014, the countries that had transposed Directive 2011/61/EU into law include Cyprus, the Czech Republic, the United Kingdom, Luxembourg, (Germany), France, Malta and Ireland. In December 2014, the European Commission issued a formal warning to countries including Spain, Latvia and Poland for not complying with implementation of Directive 2011/61/EU.

European Securities and Markets Authority
The European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) is an agency of the European Union located in Paris.

ESMA replaced the Committee of European Securities Regulators (CESR) on 1 January 2011. It is one of three European Supervisory Authorities set up within the European System of Financial Supervision in Paris, together with the European Banking Authority (EBA) also in Paris and the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA) in Frankfurt.
İskender Pasha Mosque, Kanlıca
İskender Pasha Mosque (Turkish: İskender Paşa Cami) is a historic mosque located in the Kanlıca neighborhood of the Beykoz district of Istanbul, Turkey.

Located across the Kanlıca Pier, the mosque was commissioned by (military judge) Kazasker Gazi İskender Pasha and designed by the imperial architect Mimar Sinan in 1559–60. The mosque has a hipped roof and has been extensively rebuilt. The tomb of İskender Pasha is situated inside the mosque's courtyard.

Beykoz
Beykoz (Turkish pronunciation: [ˈbejkoz]) is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its area is 310 km2, and its population is 247,875 (2022). It lies at the northern end of the Bosphorus on the Anatolian side. The name is believed to be a combination of the words bey and kos, which means "village" in Farsi. Beykoz includes an area from the streams of Küçüksu and Göksu (just before Anadoluhisarı) to the opening of the Bosphorus into the Black Sea, and the villages in the hinterland as far as the Riva creek. Before the Turkish alphabet reform of 1928, it was sometimes Latinized variously as Beicos or Beikos.
Valentin Abel
Valentin Abel (born 7 February 1991) is a German politician who served as a Member of Bundestag from the constituency of Schwäbisch Hall – Hohenlohe from 2021 to 2025, as a member of the Free Democratic Party (FDP). Prior to his election to the Bundestag he was the president of the Young Liberals in Baden-Württemberg and a FDP candidate in the 2019 European Parliament election.

2019 European Parliament election in Germany
The 2019 European Parliament election in Germany was held on 26 May 2019, electing the 96 members of the national Germany constituency to the European Parliament. Both the CDU/CSU and SPD suffered major losses, while the Greens became the second largest party in a national-level election for the first time in German history.
Beau Ballard
Beau Ballard (born May 5, 1994) is a member of the Nebraska Legislature from Lincoln, Nebraska, in District 21 who was appointed by Governor Pete Ricketts in consultation with incoming Governor Jim Pillen to fill the seat of former Senator Mike Hilgers who was elected Nebraska Attorney General. Ballard was a former legislative aide in the office of Senator Hilgers for five years prior to his appointment.

Mike Hilgers
Michael Hilgers Sr. (born October 25, 1978) is an American businessman, lawyer and politician who is the Nebraska Attorney General. He previously served as a Republican member of the Nebraska Legislature, representing the 21st district from 2017 to 2023. Hilgers was the speaker of the Nebraska Legislature from 2021 to 2023.
St. Cloud State Huskies
The St. Cloud State Huskies are the athletic teams for St. Cloud State University. The university is primarily a member of the Northern Sun Intercollegiate Conference (NSIC), and currently sponsors 18 NCAA Division II teams.  SCSU also sponsors a women's Nordic skiing team through membership in the CCSA, as well as men's and women's Division I ice hockey teams that are members of the National Collegiate Hockey Conference (men) and Western Collegiate Hockey Association (women). The teams go by the nickname Huskies, and the school's mascot is a husky named Blizzard.

The current interim director of athletics is Holly Schreiner.

St. Cloud State also sponsored football until 2019–20, when they decided to drop the program.

National Collegiate Hockey Conference
The National Collegiate Hockey Conference (NCHC) is an NCAA men's Division I hockey conference. The league was formed on July 9, 2011, and began playing for the 2013–14 season, the same season that the Big Ten Conference began competition, as a combination of six previous members of the WCHA and two of the CCHA. The league is headquartered in Colorado Springs, Colorado.
Hlubi language
IsiHlubi is a Bantu language of South Africa, traditionally considered a dialect of Swazi. It is spoken in South Africa, near where the Xhosa, Sotho, and Phuthi languages meet at the Orange River and the southern point of Lesotho. The scattered Hlubi people speak several languages, including Swazi, and the Hlubi dialect of Xhosa in the former Bantustan of Ciskei.

Swazi language
0–20%

20–40%

40–60%

60–80%

80–100%

<1 /km²

1–3 /km²

3–10 /km²

10–30 /km²

30–100 /km²

100–300 /km²

300–1000 /km²

1000–3000 /km²

>3000 /km²

Swazi or siSwati is a Bantu language of the Nguni group spoken in Eswatini (formerly Swaziland) and South Africa by the Swati people. The number of speakers is estimated to be in the region of 4.7 million including first and second language speakers. The language is taught in Eswatini and some South African schools in Mpumalanga, particularly former KaNgwane areas. Siswati is an official language of Eswatini (along with English), and is also one of the twelve official languages of South Africa.

The official term is "siSwati" among native speakers; in English, Zulu, Ndebele or Xhosa it may be referred to as Swazi. siSwati is most closely related to the other Tekela languages, like Phuthi and Northern Transvaal (Sumayela) Ndebele, but is also very close to the Zunda languages: Zulu, Southern Ndebele, Northern Ndebele, and Xhosa.
Erica mauritanica
Erica mauritanica, the keyhole heath is a plant that belongs to the genus Erica and is part of the fynbos. The species is endemic to the Western Cape. It is also possible the keyhole heath is in the Eastern Cape.

Erica (plant)
Erica is a genus of roughly 857 species of flowering plants in the family Ericaceae. The English common names heath and heather are shared by some closely related genera of similar appearance. The genus Calluna was formerly included in Erica; it differs in having even smaller scale-leaves (less than 2–3 millimetres long), and the flower corolla consisting of separate petals. Erica is sometimes referred to as "winter (or spring) heather" to distinguish it from Calluna "summer (or autumn) heather".
Nevins Street station
The Nevins Street station is an express station on the IRT Eastern Parkway Line of the New York City Subway. Located at the intersection of Nevins Street, Flatbush Avenue, and Fulton Street on the border of Downtown Brooklyn and Fort Greene, it is served by the 2 and 4 trains at all times, the 3 train all times except late nights, and the 5 train on weekdays only.

3 (New York City Subway service)
The 3 Seventh Avenue Express is a rapid transit service in the A Division of the New York City Subway. Its route emblem, or "bullet", is colored red since it uses the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line through most of Manhattan.

The 3 operates 24 hours daily, although service patterns vary based on the time of day. Daytime service operates between 148th Street in Harlem, Manhattan and New Lots Avenue in East New York, Brooklyn, making express stops in Manhattan (between 96th and Chambers Streets) and all stops in Brooklyn. Overnight service short turns at 34th Street–Penn Station in Midtown Manhattan and does not operate to or from New Lots Avenue.

The 3 train formerly ran to City Hall or South Ferry in Manhattan, and was later rerouted to Flatbush Avenue–Brooklyn College in Brooklyn. In 1983, it was rerouted to New Lots Avenue.
91st Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)
The 91st Street station was a local station on the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line of the New York City Subway. It was located at 91st Street and Broadway on the Upper West Side of Manhattan.

The 91st Street station was constructed for the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) as part of the city's first subway line, which was approved in 1900. Construction of the line segment that includes the 91st Street station began on August 22 of the same year. The station opened on October 27, 1904, as one of the original 28 stations of the New York City Subway. The station was closed on February 2, 1959, as a result of a platform lengthening project at the two adjacent stations, 86th Street and 96th Street.

The 91st Street station contains two abandoned side platforms and four tracks. The station was built with tile and mosaic decorations. Many of these decorations have been covered with graffiti.

Van Cortlandt Park–242nd Street station
The Van Cortlandt Park–242nd Street station is the northern terminal station of the New York City Subway's IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line. Located at the intersection of 242nd Street and Broadway (US Route 9) on the border of Fieldston and Kingsbridge in the Bronx, it is served by the 1 train at all times. It is adjacent to Van Cortlandt Park to the east, Manhattan University, and the 240th Street Yard of the subway system, along with the affluent neighborhoods of Fieldston and Riverdale to the west.

It was built from a design by subway architects Heins & LaFarge. Today it is the only remaining Victorian Gothic elevated terminal station on the subway, and contains the subway's only remaining scrolled station sign among its decorative flourishes. In 2005, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Human Design (album)
Human Design is the sixth studio album by Australian alternative rock band Birds of Tokyo. It was announced on 28 February 2020, and was released on 24 April 2020. Human Design debuted at number 1 on the ARIA Charts, becoming the band's second chart-topping album after March Fires in 2013.

The album marks a shift in direction for the band as the lyrics reflect and documents the breakdown of singer Ian Kenny's marriage. Kenny said: "These four singles we've released over the last 18 months have each been very personal and direct in different ways. It's great that they seem to have struck deep chords with lots of people, but in the first instance, I was just writing words to stop myself going nuts". Kenny later added: "It's filled with regret [...] I could have said things better, but the result is eloquent and emotional".

March Fires
March Fires is the fourth studio album by the Australian alternative rock band Birds of Tokyo. It was released on 1 March 2013 in Australia, North American, and Europe, through EMI. It is the band's second major-label studio album release, after 2010's Birds of Tokyo and is also the first album by the band not to feature founding member Anthony Jackson, who left in 2011. His replacement, Ian Berney, makes his debut appearance on the album as the band's new bassist.

March Fires received positive reviews, and the album became the band's first number-one album on the ARIA Albums Chart. It also marked the group's international album chart debut, reaching number 26 in New Zealand.
Multi Router Traffic Grapher
The Multi Router Traffic Grapher (MRTG) is free software for monitoring and measuring the traffic load on network links. It allows the user to see traffic load on a network over time in graphical form.

It was originally developed by Tobias Oetiker and Dave Rand to monitor router traffic, but has developed into a tool that can create graphs and statistics for almost anything.

MRTG is written in Perl and can run on Windows, Linux, Unix, Mac OS and NetWare.

RRDtool
RRDtool (round-robin database tool) is a data logging and graphing system for time series data such as network bandwidth, temperatures, and CPU load. The data is stored in a circular buffer-based database, thus the system storage footprint remains constant over time.

It also includes tools to extract round-robin data in a graphical format, for which it was originally intended.
Bindings exist for several programming languages, including Perl, Python, Ruby, Tcl, PHP and Lua. There is an independent full Java implementation called rrd4j.
Battle of Carrhae (296)
The Battle of Carrhae, also known as the Battle of Callinicum, took place in 296 or 297, after the invasion of Mesopotamia and Armenia by the Sasanian king Narseh. The battle took place between Carrhae (Harran) and Callinicum (al-Raqqah) and was a victory for the Sasanians. Narseh attacked with forces recruited from the Euphrates frontier. He managed to defeat his opponent by good timing.

Galerius and Tiridates III of Armenia escaped with a remnant of their forces. Galerius met Diocletian in Antioch. Eutropius and Theophanes the Confessor have recorded versions of a celebrated story regarding a public humiliation of Galerius by Diocletian, though the latter retained Galerius in command.

Diocletian later sent reinforcements for Galerius, and the latter managed to defeat the Sassanids two years later at the Battle of Satala.

Battle of Satala (298)
The Battle of Satala was fought in 298, in Armenia, between the forces of the Roman Empire under the Tetrarch Galerius and the forces of the Sasanian Empire of Persia led by Shah Narseh (Narses). The battle was an overwhelming victory for the Roman army, with the Persian army destroyed as a fighting force. The Romans obtained an enormous amount of plunder from the defeated Persians, and captured Narseh's principal wife. The campaign concluded with a very favourable peace treaty for Rome, with Persia ceding considerable territory.
Carreras Domingo Pavarotti in Concert
Carreras Domingo Pavarotti in Concert (re-released as The Three Tenors in Concert) is a live album by José Carreras, Plácido Domingo and Luciano Pavarotti with conductor Zubin Mehta. The album was recorded on 7 July 1990 in Rome, Italy, as the first Three Tenors concert with the orchestra of the Maggio Musicale Fiorentino and the orchestra of Teatro dell'Opera di Roma on the evening before the 1990 FIFA World Cup Final. It was produced by Gian Carlo Bertelli and Herbert Chappell.

Teatro dell'Opera di Roma
41°54′03″N 12°29′44″E﻿ / ﻿41.90083°N 12.49556°E﻿ / 41.90083; 12.49556
The Teatro dell'Opera di Roma (Rome Opera House) is an opera house in Rome, Italy. Originally opened in November 1880 as the 2,212 seat Costanzi Theatre, it has undergone several changes of name as well modifications and improvements. The present house seats 1,560.