hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Grande Ronde massacre
The Grande Ronde Massacre, also known as The Battle of the Grande Ronde, was a significant event that took place in northeast Oregon Territory on July 17, 1856, in what is now Union County. It involved an assault by 175 mounted volunteer soldiers on a Native American village inhabited by Walla Walla, Umatilla, and Cayuse families near present-day Elgin and Summerville, Oregon. While the exact number of casualties among men, women, and children is unknown, the assault is recognized as the deadliest military-Native conflict in Oregon during the Indian Wars. The attack resulted in the destruction of approximately 120 lodges and the loss of an estimated 150 horse loads of food and equipment, with over 200 horses captured. The volunteer army suffered four deaths and four injuries during the incident.

Cayuse people
The Cayuse are a Native American tribe in what is now the state of Oregon in the United States. The Cayuse tribe shares a reservation and government in northeastern Oregon with the Umatilla and the Walla Walla tribes as part of the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation. The reservation is located near Pendleton, Oregon, at the base of the Blue Mountains.

The Cayuse called themselves the Liksiyu in the Cayuse language. Originally located in present-day northeastern Oregon and southeastern Washington, they lived adjacent to territory occupied by the Nez Perce and had close associations with them. Like other Indigenous peoples of the Northwest Plateau, the Cayuse placed a high premium on warfare and were skilled horsemen. They developed the Cayuse pony. The Cayuse ceded most of their traditional territory to the United States in 1855 by treaty and moved to the Umatilla Reservation, where they have formed a confederated tribe.
Andreas Liebenberg
General Andreas "Kat" Liebenberg SSAS SD SOE SM MMM (18 April 1938 – 23 May 1998) was a South African military commander. He served as General Officer Commanding South African Special Forces (1982–85), Chief of the Army (1985–90) and Chief of the South African Defence Force (1990–93).

General officer commanding
General officer commanding (GOC) is the usual title given in the armies of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth countries (and some other nations, such as Ireland) to a general officer who holds a command appointment.

Thus, a general might be the GOC British II Corps (a three-star appointment) or GOC British 7th Armoured Division (a two-star appointment).
Ubaydallah ibn al-Mahdi
Ubaydallah ibn Muhammad al-Mahdi (Arabic: عبيد الله بن محمد المهدي, romanized: ʿUbayd Allāh ibn Muḥammad al-Mahdī) (771–810/11) was an Abbasid prince. He was the son of al-Mahdi, the third caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate, and Raytah, daughter of the first Abbasid caliph Abu al-Abbas al-Saffah.

Abbasid dynasty
The Abbasid dynasty, or Abbasids, (Arabic: بنو العباس, romanized: Banu al-ʿAbbās) was an Arab dynasty that ruled the third Islamic caliphate between 750 and 1258. They were from the Qurayshi Hashimid clan of Banu Abbas, descended from Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib. The Abbasid Caliphate is divided into three main periods: Early Abbasid era (750–861), Middle Abbasid era (861–936) and Later Abbasid era (936–1258). A cadet branch of the dynasty also ruled as ceremonial rulers for the Mamluk Sultanate (1261–1517) until their conquest by the Ottoman Empire.
Geraldine Plunkett Dillon
Geraldine "Gerry" Plunkett Dillon (1891–1986) was an Irish republican and member of Cumann na mBan, best known for her memoir All in the blood. She was the sister of Joseph Plunkett, a signatory of the 1916 Proclamation of the Irish Republic.

Cumann na mBan
Cumann na mBan (Irish pronunciation: [ˈkʊmˠən̪ˠ n̪ˠə ˈmˠanˠ]; lit. 'The Women's Council' but in English termed The Irishwomen's Council), abbreviated C na mB, is an Irish republican women's paramilitary organisation formed in Dublin on 2 April 1914, merging with and dissolving Inghinidhe na hÉireann, and in 1916, it became an auxiliary of the Irish Volunteers. Although it was otherwise an independent organisation, its executive was subordinate to that of the Irish Volunteers, and later, the Irish Republican Army.

Cumann na mBan was active in the War of Independence and took the anti-Treaty side in the Civil War. Cumann na mBan was declared an illegal organisation by the government of the Irish Free State in 1923. This was reversed when Fianna Fáil came to power in 1932.

During the splits in the republican movement of the later part of the 20th century, Fianna Éireann and Cumann na mBan supported Provisional Sinn Féin in 1969 and Republican Sinn Féin in 1986.
Rhodes Tower
The James A. Rhodes Tower, originally known as University Tower, is a 21-story high-rise building on the campus of Cleveland State University in downtown Cleveland, Ohio, United States. With a height of 363 feet (111 m), it is the fourth-tallest educational-purposed building in the United States, behind the Cathedral of Learning, Vertical Campus at Roosevelt University in Chicago, and 25 Park Place in Atlanta which is now owned by Georgia State University. It houses the university's main library on the first eight floors and administration offices for many of the university's academic departments on the upper level floors.  It previously held classrooms on the first two floors.  It is the tallest structure on the Cleveland State campus, followed by Fenn Tower, and the tallest academic building in Ohio.  The tower was named after former Ohio Governor James A. Rhodes who is responsible for signing the legislation that created Cleveland State University on December 18, 1964.

Downtown Cleveland
Downtown Cleveland is the central business district of Cleveland, Ohio, United States. The economic and cultural center of the city and the Cleveland metropolitan area, it is Cleveland's oldest district, with its Public Square laid out by city founder General Moses Cleaveland in 1796.

Downtown Cleveland is bounded by Lake Erie to the north, the Cuyahoga Valley to the west, and Interstate 90 to the south and east. It encompasses several subdistricts, and its diverse architecture includes the Cleveland Mall, one of the most complete examples of City Beautiful design in the United States. Downtown's residential population has grown significantly since the 2000s and especially 2010s, registering the largest population growth, by percentage, of any Cleveland neighborhood over that time.
Baton Rouge Blue Marlins
The Baton Rouge Blue Marlins, located in Baton Rouge, Louisiana and managed by Scott Bethea, were a professional baseball team in the All-American Association. Both the team and the league existed for only one season, 2001. They played their home games at Pete Goldsby Field. Their record was 44–28 in the regular season, and in the playoffs they beat the Albany Alligators in the semi-finals and the Fort Worth Cats in the championship three games to two.

Bethea, who also played for the team, was named the league's manager of the year.

Their attendance of 16,616 was fifth in the six team league.

Fort Worth Cats
The Fort Worth Cats was a professional baseball team based in Fort Worth, Texas, in the United States. The Cats were a member of the South Division of the now disbanded United League Baseball, which was not affiliated with Major League Baseball. From 2002 to 2014, the Cats played their home games at LaGrave Field.

Under the management of Wayne Terwilliger (2005) and Stan Hough (2006–2007), the team won the 2005 Central Baseball League championship and the 2006 and 2007 American Association championships.
Secretary for Security (Macau)
The Secretary for Security (Chinese: 保安司司长; Portuguese: Secretaria para a Segurança) is the director of the government department responsible for public safety and security in Macau. The role replaced the former post of Secretary for Public Security. It is responsible for managing the Macau public security and police agencies.

Fire Services Bureau
The Fire Services Bureau (Chinese: 消防局; Portuguese: Corpo de Bombeiros, FSB or CB) is responsible for fire and rescue services in Macau. The department is organized under the Macau Security Force (since 1976 after decades as a division of public works, Leal Senado and municipal control). The brigade is responsible for fire and rescue for both land and air.

The CB operates an ambulance service (Ambulância de Macau), but the Macau Red Cross also operates ambulances (Toyota HiAce vans) for emergency and non-emergencies to local hospitals with volunteer staff.

The organization has a total of 739 uniformed firefighters and paramedics serving from seven fire stations in Macau with one central HQ on Macau.
1999 Australian Individual Speedway Championship
The 1999 Australian Individual Speedway Championship was held at the Olympic Park Speedway in Mildura, Victoria on 13 February 1999.

Former World #3 Todd Wiltshire won his first Australian Championship defeating Jason Lyons in a runoff after both finished on 14 points. Adelaide's Nigel Sadler finished third after defeating Perth's Frank Smart and local youngster Travis McGowan in a runoff after all three riders finished on 10 points.

Despite the championship being run on his home track, defending champion Leigh Adams did not ride in the Australian Final for the first time since 1991 where he had been forced to withdraw after breaking his wrist in a crash in Adelaide three weeks before the event.

Olympic Park Speedway (Mildura)
The Olympic Park Speedway is a motorcycle speedway located alongside the Murray River, at Olympic Park, Mildura, Victoria, Australia. The track is operated by the Mildura Motorcycle Club and hosts rounds of the Australian Solo Championship, the Victorian Solo Championship, the Australian Sidecar Championship and the Victorian Sidecar Championship. The speedway track has a circumference of 302 metres and a junior track with a circumference of 112 metres.
Corinne Conley
Corinne Alexandra Conley (born May 23, 1929) is an American retired actress whose career spanned almost seven decades. She spent the majority of her career in Canada, notable for having won the Canadian Council of Authors and Artists' Best Actress Award. Conley is known for her voiceover work in various films and television productions and is better recognized for voicing Rudolph's mother and presumably Dolly Sue in Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer (1964).

Conley's acting career spanned seventy years, receiving several nominations for her work. She has also made prominent and notable appearances in Tales of the Wizard of Oz as Dorothy Gale (1961), Days of Our Lives as Phyllis Anderson (1973-1982), the Goosebumps episode "Monster Blood" as Aunt Katherine (1996), Quads! as Sister Butch (2001-2002), A Christmas Horror Story as Aunt Edda (2015), and voicing multiple characters in the Watch Dogs: Legion video game (2020).

A Christmas Horror Story
A Christmas Horror Story is a 2015 Canadian anthology horror film directed by Grant Harvey, Steven Hoban, and Brett Sullivan. It premiered on July 20, 2015, at the Fantasia International Film Festival and had a limited theatrical release on October 2, 2015, along with a VOD release. The film is a series of interwoven stories tied together by a framework story featuring William Shatner as a radio DJ.
Abergele (woreda)
Tanqua Abergele (Tigrinya: ጣንቋ ኣበርገለ, Amharic: አበርገሌ) is one of the woredas in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Mehakelegnaw Zone, Abergele is bordered on the south by the Wag Hemra Zone of Amhara Region, then by the Tekezé River on the west which separates it from North Gondar Zone of Amhara Region, on the north by Kola Tembien, on the east by Degua Tembien and on the southeast by the Debub Misraqawi (South Eastern) Zone. The administrative center of this woreda is Yechila; other towns in Abergele include Sele and Jijike. Abergele is one of the low lying districts of central Tigray and the Tanqua River, which originates near Hagere Selam, flows through this woreda and joins the Geba just north of Jijike. It further feeds the Tekezé River. The Tekezé Dam is also located in this woreda.

Tigrinya language
Tigrinya, sometimes romanized according to Italian spelling rules as Tigrigna, is an Ethio-Semitic language, which is a subgrouping within the Semitic branch of the Afroasiatic languages. It is primarily spoken by the Tigrinya and Tigrayan peoples, native to Eritrea and to the Tigray Region of Ethiopia, respectively. It is also spoken by the global diaspora of these regions.
We Have Band
We Have Band, also known as "WHB", was a three-piece electronic music group from Manchester and London consisting of Darren Bancroft (lead vocals, synthesizer, programming) and the husband-and-wife duo of Thomas (bass, guitar, synthesizer, programming, backing vocals) and Dede (synthesizer, percussion, backing vocals) Wegg-Prosser. They released three albums through the French-based Naïve Records. Their first album, WHB, was released on 5 April 2010 and a ten-track second album, Ternion, was released on 29 January 2012. We Have Band also remixed many artists, including Gorillaz, Bloc Party, Micachu, Peter Bjorn and John and M83.

M83 (band)
M83 (French: [ɛm katʁ(ə)vɛ̃tʁwɑ]) is a French electronic rock group formed in Antibes in 1999. Initially a duo of multi-instrumentalists Nicolas Fromageau and Anthony Gonzalez, Fromageau parted ways shortly after touring for their second album Dead Cities, Red Seas & Lost Ghosts. Gonzalez remains the sole constant member of the project, as the primary songwriter and lead vocalist.

The band has released nine studio albums, including the Grammy Award-nominated Hurry Up, We're Dreaming, in addition to two soundtracks. Gonzalez records primarily on his own, with numerous guest musicians. The band is signed to Mute Records and found breakout success in 2011 with "Midnight City", Hurry Up, We're Dreaming's lead single. Their sound has been described as dream pop, new wave, shoegaze, as well as ambient.
Shair Hasanov
Shair Najmaddin oghlu Hasanov (Azerbaijani: Şair Nəcməddin oğlu Həsənov, July 10, 1936 — March 15, 2017) was an Azerbaijan civil engineer and socio-political figure, Chairman of the Committee for Construction and Architecture of Azerbaijan Republic (2001–2006), Chairman of the Committee on Housing and Communal Services under the Cabinet of Azerbaijan (1999–2001), Minister of Construction Materials Industry of the Azerbaijan SSR (1990–1991), Deputy Chairman of the State Agrarian Industry Committee of the Azerbaijan SSR (1986–1989), Minister of Rural Construction of the Azerbaijan SSR (1983–1985).

State Committee on Urban Planning and Architecture (Azerbaijan)
The State Committee of Urban Planning and Architecture (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Respublikası Dövlət Şəhərsalma və Arxitektura Komitəsi) is a governmental agency within the Cabinet of Azerbaijan in charge of regulating the urban construction and development and overseeing architectural activities in Azerbaijan. The Committee is headed by Anar Guliyev.
Crown Equerry
The Crown Equerry is the operational head of the Royal Mews of the Royal Household of the Sovereign of the United Kingdom. As executive head of the Royal Mews Department, they are responsible for the provision of vehicular transport for the sovereign, both cars and horse-drawn carriages. Rail travel is arranged by the Royal Travel Office, which also co-ordinates air transport.

The position of Crown Equerry should not be confused with that of Equerry: although both are nominally under the Master of the Horse, the equerries have a distinct role as personal assistants to the sovereign and senior members of the royal family.

Monarch
A monarch (/ˈmɒnərk/) is a head of state for life or until abdication, and therefore the head of state of a monarchy. A monarch usually exercises the highest authority and power in the state. Usually, a monarch either personally inherits the lawful right to exercise the state's sovereign rights (often referred to as the throne or the crown) or is selected by an established process from a family or cohort eligible to provide the nation's monarch. Alternatively, an individual may proclaim oneself monarch, or even usurp power, as many Ancient Greek tyrants did. If a young child is crowned the monarch, then a regent is often appointed to govern until the monarch reaches the requisite adult age to rule.
Tyler Gaffalione
Tyler Gaffalione (born September 12, 1994, in Davie, Florida) is an American jockey who, since being voted the Eclipse Award for the 2015 U.S. Champion Apprentice Jockey, has become one of racing's rising stars having won more than 200 races every year in his first three full seasons. He won the 2019 Preakness Stakes aboard War of Will.

Davie, Florida
Davie is a town in Broward County, Florida, United States, approximately 24 miles (39 km) north of Miami. The town's population was 110,320 at the 2020 census, making it the largest town in Florida by population. Davie is a principal town of the Miami metropolitan area. Horseback riding is common, as many of its historic buildings include ranches and other Western establishments.
Brigitte Miriam Bedos-Rezak
Brigitte Miriam Bedos-Rezak (born 1953) is a historian of medieval northern France. She has been a professor of history at New York University since 2002.

Bedos-Rezak focuses on medieval seals, studying what they can tell us about the culture that produced them and the individuals who used them. She researches how the meaning and significance of seals has changed over time and what those changes can tell us about personal and social identity. More generally, she is an expert in semiotics, i.e., how signs are constructed and function metaphorically and actually in religious and other contexts.

Philippa Hoskin and Elizabeth New called her work on seals as "pioneering", noting how both the matrix and the impression express the owner's will.

Philippa Mary Hoskin
Philippa Mary Hoskin is a British historian of the English Middle Ages, who specializes in the religious, legal and administrative history of the English Church. She is the Fellow Librarian of the Parker Library, Corpus Christi College, Cambridge.
Mount Murray (British Columbia)
Mount Murray, is a 1,802-metre (5,912-feet) in the Murray Range of Hart Ranges of Northern British Columbia.  The mountain is within the Pine-Lemoray Provincial Park.

Named after N.F. Murray, who in 1915 with G.V. Copley, had conducted the first detailed survey and timber reconnaissance in the area for the British Columbia Forest Service. Murray enlisted with the CEF in 1916 and was killed at the Battle of Vimy Ridge in 1917.

There is a 8.2 kilometre hiking trail to the summit from Highway 97.

Murray Range
Murray Range is a subdivision range of the Hart Ranges, of the Northern Rockies in British Columbia, Canada.  The majority of the range lies within the Pine-Lemoray Provincial Park and is noted for its snowmobiling, hiking and ski touring opportunities.  The boundaries of the Murray Range  generally lie between the Misinchinka River to the west and Mountain Creek to the east; the Pine River to the north and Mount Reynolds to the south.

Several mountains in the range are named after local area Canadian soldiers killed in action during World War II and World War I.
Xanthocarpia diffusa
Xanthocarpia diffusa is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. First described in 2011 from coastal rocks in Georgia, it is characterised by its yellow to greyish thallus with distinctive diffuse margins often bordered by a pale prothallus. The species primarily occurs along coastal areas of the Black Sea region, with some isolated populations in the Mediterranean region, where it grows on damp siliceous rocks, particularly around seepage zones and in areas exposed to sea spray. Though initially described in the genus Caloplaca, molecular phylogenetics studies led to its transfer to Xanthocarpia in 2013.

Prothallus
A prothallus, or prothallium, (from Latin pro = forwards and Greek θαλλος (thallos) = twig) is usually the gametophyte stage in the life of a fern or other pteridophyte. Occasionally, the term is also used to describe the young gametophyte of a liverwort or peat moss as well. In lichens, it refers to the region of the thallus that is free of algae.

The prothallus develops from a germinating spore. It is a short-lived and inconspicuous heart-shaped structure typically 2–5 millimeters wide, with a number of rhizoids (root-like hairs) growing underneath, and the sex organs: archegonium (female) and antheridium (male). Appearance varies quite a lot between species. Some are green and conduct photosynthesis while others are colorless and nourish themselves underground as saprotrophs.
Athletics at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's 1500 metres
The men's 1500 metres at the 2004 Summer Olympics as part of the athletics program were held at the Athens Olympic Stadium from August 20 to 24. Thirty-eight athletes from 26 nations competed. The event was won by Hicham El Guerrouj of Morocco, the nation's first title in the event after coming second twice (1992 and 2000); El Guerrouj was the fifth man to win a second medal in the event. Bernard Lagat's silver put Kenya on the podium in the event for the third straight year; the United States (six times from 1896 to 1920) and Great Britain (four times from 1908 to 1924 and three times from 1980 to 1988) were the only other nations to have accomplished that. It also made Lagat the sixth man to win two medals in the event, just behind El Guerrouj in both 2000 and 2004. Rui Silva's bronze was Portugal's first medal in the event.

Rui Silva (runner)
Rui Manuel Monteiro Silva ComIH (born 3 August 1977) is a Portuguese track and field athlete and coach who represents S.L. Benfica. As a distance runner, he specializes at the 1500 and 3000 m events, although he has at times run the 800 metres as well. Silva is the current national champion at 1500 m.
Hōryū-ji Treasure N-143
Hōryū-ji Treasure N-143, also known as Buddha with Two Attendants, is a Baekje/Asuka period sculpture dating to approximately the 6th-7th century that once was held by the temple of Hōryū-ji in Ikaruga, Nara. It is currently held at the Tokyo National Museum as part of the Hōryū-ji Treasures Gallery, and is designated an Important Cultural Property. As part of the cultural exchange between the Three Kingdoms of Korea and Japan, it is considered to be one of the first surviving statues to be imported during the introduction of Buddhism in Japan.

Asuka period
The Asuka period (飛鳥時代, Asuka jidai; Japanese pronunciation: [a.sɯ̥.ka ((d)ʑiꜜ.dai)]) was a period in the history of Japan lasting from 538 to 710, although its beginning could be said to overlap with the preceding Kofun period. The Yamato polity evolved greatly during the Asuka period, which is named after the Asuka region, about 25 km (16 mi) south of the modern city of Nara.

The Asuka period is characterized by its significant artistic, social, and political transformations, having their origins in the late Kofun period. The introduction of Buddhism marked a change in Japanese society. The Asuka period is also distinguished by the change in the name of the country from Wa (倭) to Nippon (日本).
Karl Bernhard Zoeppritz
Karl Bernhard Zoeppritz (22 October 1881 – 20 July 1908) was a German geophysicist who made important contributions to seismology, in particular the formulation of the Zoeppritz equations.

These equations relate the amplitudes of P-waves and S-waves at each side of an interface, between two arbitrary elastic media, as a function of the angle of incidence and are largely used in reflection seismology for determining structure and properties of the subsurface.

P wave
A P wave (primary wave or pressure wave) is one of the two main types of elastic body waves, called seismic waves in seismology. P waves travel faster than other seismic waves and hence are the first signal from an earthquake to arrive at any affected location or at a seismograph. P waves may be transmitted through gases, liquids, or solids.