hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Charles Foulkes (British Army officer)
Major-General Charles Howard Foulkes, CB, CMG, DSO (1 February 1875 – 6 May 1969) was a Royal Engineers officer in the British Army and also a British international field hockey player who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics in the bronze medal-winning team. He saw service in World War I and, following the first German use of gas on 22 April 1915 at the Second Battle of Ypres, became Britain's chief advisor on gas warfare. He also advised on the use of gas to suppress the uprisings in Afghanistan (1919) and Waziristan (1920), but gas was never actually deployed in these conflicts.

Chemical warfare
Chemical warfare (CW) involves using the toxic properties of chemical substances as weapons. This type of warfare is distinct from nuclear warfare, biological warfare and radiological warfare, which together make up CBRN, the military acronym for chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (warfare or weapons), all of which are considered "weapons of mass destruction" (WMDs), a term that contrasts with conventional weapons.

The use of chemical weapons in international armed conflicts is prohibited under international humanitarian law by the 1925 Geneva Protocol and the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907. The 1993 Chemical Weapons Convention prohibits signatories from acquiring, stockpiling, developing, and using chemical weapons in all circumstances except for very limited purposes (research, medical, pharmaceutical or protective).
J. J. Williams (rugby union)
John James Williams MBE (1 April 1948 – 29 October 2020), known universally as J. J. Williams, was a rugby union player who gained thirty caps for Wales as a winger. In his early career, Williams was a talented sprinter, later becoming a member of the Wales rugby team that won the Five Nations Championship in 1975, 1976, 1978 and 1979, including Grand Slam wins in 1976 and 1978.

Williams played at outside half for Nantyffyllon RFC in 1966 breaking the club scoring record with four tries against Llanharan; then Bridgend RFC as a winger in the late 1960s and early 1970s and Llanelli RFC from 1972. His time at Llanelli included a famous win against the New Zealand All Blacks in 1972. He was a key try creator and scorer for the 1974 British Lions tour to South Africa. After his retirement in 1980, Williams became a pundit and commentator for BBC Cymru Wales and later a successful businessman. His son, Rhys, is a professional track and field athlete.

Grand Slam (rugby union)
In rugby union, a Grand Slam occurs when one team in the Six Nations Championship (or its Five Nations predecessor) beats all the others during one year's competition.  This has been achieved 42 times in total, for the first time by Wales in 1908, and most recently by the Irish team in 2023. The team with the most Grand Slams is England with 13.
It can also apply to the U20 and Women's Six Nations Championships.

In another context, a Grand Slam tour refers to a touring side – South Africa, Australia or New Zealand – which plays fixtures against all four home nations (England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales) during their tour. If the tourists win all of those matches, they are said to have achieved a Grand Slam. This has been done nine times, first by South Africa in 1912–13, and most recently by New Zealand in 2010.
Lava Bed Mountains
The Lava Bed Mountains are located in the Mojave Desert in southeastern California, United States. The mountains lie in a northwest-southeasterly direction, and are located almost entirely within the Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center Twentynine Palms, which is a restricted area. The mountains reach a height of 4,488 feet (1,368 m) above sea level at Argos Mountain, and are found at the northwestern end of the Bullion Mountains. Gays Pass is located at the southern end of the chain, with the Rodman Mountains to the northwest. The Lava Bed Mountains are approximately 11 miles (18 km), and lie in the arid climate zone, characterized by little rainfall.

Rodman Mountains
The Rodman Mountains are located in the Mojave Desert, in San Bernardino County, California, United States. The range is located south of Interstate 40 and Newberry Springs, and east of the Ord Mountains and northwest of the Bullion Mountains. They are 30 miles southeast of Barstow, California.

One of the Cinder cones of the Lavic Lake volcanic field are in the range, with the other three including Pisgah Crater beyond to the east.
Bulletin (service)
Bulletin was an online newsletter platform launched by Facebook on July 6, 2021, that allows notable writers to make announcements directly to their subscribers. Its competitors included Substack, of which Bulletin was called a "near-clone." Writers participating in the platform's launch included Malcolm Gladwell, Mitch Albom, Tan France, Jessica Yellin, Jane Wells, Erin Andrews and Dorie Greenspan. Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg stated that Bulletin represented the first time that the company had "built a project that is directly for journalists and individual writers."

In October 2022 Meta announced the shutdown of Bulletin. The platform went into read only mode in January 2023 and became unavailable in April 2023.

Malcolm Gladwell
Malcolm Timothy Gladwell CM (born 3 September 1963) is a Canadian journalist, author, and public speaker. He has been a staff writer for The New Yorker since 1996. He has published eight books. He is also the host of the podcast Revisionist History and co-founder of the podcast company Pushkin Industries.

Gladwell's writings often deal with the unexpected implications of research in the social sciences, such as sociology and psychology, and make frequent and extended use of academic work. Gladwell was appointed to the Order of Canada in 2011.
Viam
Viam (French pronunciation: [vjɑ̃]) is a commune in the Corrèze department in central France. The village is positioned on a lake, used for swimming, fishing, water-skiing, canoeing, kayaking, sailing and land activities such as hiking and cycling.

Corrèze
Corrèze (French pronunciation: [kɔʁɛz] ⓘ; Occitan: Corresa) is a department in France, named after the river Corrèze which runs through it. Although its prefecture is Tulle, its most populated city is Brive-la-Gaillarde. Corrèze is located in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, on the border with Occitania and Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes.

In 2019, Corrèze had a population of 240,073, divided among 279 communes. Its inhabitants are called Corréziens (masculine) and Corréziennes (feminine). Its INSEE and postal code is 19.
Brent Iverson
Brent "Buzzboy" Iverson is a programmer best known as a simulations game developer. Among his credits are the PC DOS version of Chuck Yeager's Air Combat, LHX Attack Chopper, and Jane's U.S. Navy Fighters, all published by Electronic Arts.

Chuck Yeager's Air Combat
Chuck Yeager's Air Combat is a 1991 combat flight simulation video game by Electronic Arts. Chuck Yeager was a technical consultant in the game and his digitized voice is featured in the game, giving encouragement and praise before and after missions. The game is characterized for its balance of an action laden gameplay which focuses on classical dog fights and a simple yet realistic flight model.

The game was initially available for MS-DOS, and later ported to the Macintosh. The latter version is considered superior as its graphical display is at a much higher resolution, multi-player network play is supported, and saved movies may be exported in QuickTime format.
Epoch (The Brave album)
Epoch is the debut studio album by Australian metalcore band The Brave, released on 5 August 2016 by UNFD. It was produced, engineered, and mixed by Sonny Truelove at his recording studio, STL Studios in Sydney.

UNFD
UNFD (pronounced as an initialism [ /ˈjuːˈenˈefˈdiː/ ]) is an independent record label based in Melbourne, Australia. The label is home to a number of Australian artists including Thornhill, Ocean Grove, Hellions and In Hearts Wake, and international artists ERRA, Stray From the Path, Silverstein, Invent Animate, and more. The label has offices in London and Los Angeles.

UNFD is part of the UNIFIED Music Group, owned by Jaddan Comerford. Genres that the label lean towards include, but are not limited to; metalcore, electronicore, progressive metal and djent.
1992 Individual Speedway World Championship
The 1992 Individual Speedway World Championship was the 47th edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider.

Gary Havelock scored 14 points to become England's first Speedway World Champion since Michael Lee in 1980. Sweden's Per Jonsson, the 1990 World Champion, finished second with 11 points with Denmark's Gert Handberg third on 10 points.

Triple World Champion Hans Nielsen failed to qualify for a World Final for the first time since 1979 after only finishing 12th in the Nordic Final.

Hans Nielsen (speedway rider)
Hans Hollen Nielsen (born 26 December 1959) is a Danish former professional motorcycle speedway rider. He competed in the Speedway World Championships from 1977 to 1999. Nielsen is notable for winning four Speedway World Championship titles. During his career, he won a total of 22 world championships, making him arguably the most successful speedway rider of all time. In 2012, Nielsen was named an FIM Legend for his motorcycling achievements. He later managed the Danish national team.
BNK Financial Group
BNK Financial Group Inc. (Korean: 주식회사 BNK금융지주) is a financial holding company based in the Busan-South Gyeongsang region. It is one of the three regional financial holding companies in South Korea, alongside DGB Financial and JB Financial.

IM Financial Group
IM Financial Group Co., Ltd. (IMFG; Korean: 주식회사 IM금융지주) is financial holding company headquartered in Daegu, South Korea. Its flagship company, IM Bank, is one of the largest regional banks in the country, mostly serving customers in the Daegu-Gyeongbuk region.

The group was founded on May 17, 2011 as DGB Financial Group, upon the Financial Supervisory Service's approval for the establishment of a financial holding company for Daegu Bank and its two arms, Daegu Credit Information and Kardnet (which later became DGB U-Pay). After the establishment, DGB acquired Woori Aviva Life Insurance from Nonghyup Financial Group in 2015 and took over HI Investment & Securities from Hyundai Heavy Industries Group in 2018. DGB then changed its name to IM Financial Group effective March 26, 2025.
7D (Argentina)
The 7D, which stands for December 7, is a special date in Argentina for the conflict between Fernández de Kirchner government and the media. Feeling that the Clarín newspaper was responsible for the 2008 Argentine government conflict with the agricultural sector and the defeat at the 2009 legislative elections, the government created a media law to force the Grupo Clarín to sell their media assets. Clarín deemed that specific articles of that law that ordered that were unconstitutional, and began a trial over them. Clarín was benefited by an injunction for the duration of the trial, and in 2012 the Court pointed that the injunction should not extend beyond December 7, requesting the judges to make a sentence. The actual events that should take place on December 7 became a huge controversy in Argentina.

Conflict between Kirchnerism and the media
The Argentine Governments of Néstor Kirchner and Cristina Fernández de Kirchner had several conflicts with major media groups. Kirchner accused the Clarín Group, La Nación, Perfil, and related media of having promoted their overthrow.
8th Malaysia International Film Festival
The 8th Malaysia International Film Festival (MIFFest) took place from July 19 to July 27, 2025, in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Bront Palarae, was joined by Siti Saleha and Daiyan Trisha as the brand ambassadors of the festival. The festival opened with a Malaysian film exploring cultural identity and emotional heritage titled Ninavau by Bebbra Mailin. It closed with 2024 coming-of-age film Transamazonia by Pia Marais.

Bront Palarae
Nasrul Suhaimin bin Saifuddin (born 27 September 1978), known professionally as Bront Palarae, is a Malaysian actor, film director, screenwriter and producer.

Bront built his career in the early 2001 with roles in Castello, Bilut & 1957: Hati Malaya. He also frequently collaborated with director Mamat Khalid resulted in the films Man Laksa (2006) & Kala Malam Bulan Mengambang (2008). They also co-wrote the script together for Tipah Tertipu The Movie (2006) which he also starred in.

Bront portrayed a private investigator in Belukar (2010). He was the producer of One Two Jaga (2018), which won 6 awards including Best Picture at 30th Malaysia Film Festival.
Crooked Boy
Crooked Boy is the fifth extended play (EP) by the English musician Ringo Starr, released on 26 April 2024. Linda Perry wrote and produced all four songs, with "February Sky" chosen as the lead single.

Linda Perry
Linda Perry (born April 15, 1965) is an American singer, songwriter, musician, and record producer. She is the lead singer and primary songwriter and guitarist of 4 Non Blondes, including their 1993 hit "What's Up?". She has since founded two record labels and composed and produced songs for other artists, which include: "Beautiful" by Christina Aguilera; "What You Waiting For?" by Gwen Stefani; and "Get the Party Started" by Pink. Perry also contributed to albums by Adele, Alicia Keys, and Courtney Love, as well as signing and distributing James Blunt in the United States. Perry was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2015.
Rungoli
Rungoli (Hindi: रंगोली; Urdu: رنگولی; translation: A Colourful Pattern of Life, also transliterated as Rangoli) is a 1962 Black-and-white Romance comedy Hindi film directed by Amar Kumar. The film had Kishore Kumar and Vyjayanthimala in the lead with Durga Khote, Jeevan, Iftekhar and others appearing in supporting roles.

The film had music by the Shankar Jaikishan duo with Hasrat Jaipuri and Shailendra providing the lyrics.

Jeevan (Hindi actor)
Omkar Nath Dhar (24 October 1915 – 10 June 1987), better known by his stage name Jeevan, was an Indian actor. He played the role of Narad Muni in films of the 1950s, a total of 49 times. Later, he played the villain in popular Bollywood films of the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. His son Kiran Kumar (born Deepak Dhar) is also a film and television actor.
Phoebe Franklin
Phoebe Antonia Franklin (born 18 February 1998) is an English cricketer who currently plays for Surrey and Oval Invincibles. She plays as a right-handed batter and right-arm medium bowler. She has previously played for Kent, South East Stars and Birmingham Phoenix.

Birmingham Phoenix
Birmingham Phoenix are a franchise 100-ball cricket team based in the city of Birmingham. The team represents the historic counties of Warwickshire and Worcestershire in the newly founded The Hundred competition, which began its inaugural season on 21 July 2021, during the English and Welsh cricket season. Both the men's and women's teams play at Edgbaston.
Tomorrows Bad Seeds
Tomorrows Bad Seeds, commonly abbreviated TBS, is an American reggae rock band from Hermosa Beach, California. The band's line-up consists of Moises "Moi" Juarez (lead vocals), Matthew "Mets" McEwan (vocals/guitar), Rico Degallo (vocals/guitar), Justin Iannelli (bass), and Pat Salmon (drums). Their surf/skate beach culture, "hood b-boy" influences of South Bay helped define their sound; a mix of reggae, rock, and pop.

South Bay (Los Angeles County)
The South Bay is a region of the Los Angeles metropolitan area, located in the southwest corner of Los Angeles County. The name stems from its geographic location stretching along the southern shore of Santa Monica Bay. The South Bay contains sixteen cities plus portions of the City of Los Angeles and unincorporated portions of the county. The area is bounded by the Pacific Ocean on the south and west and generally by the City of Los Angeles on the north and east.
Mississippi Highway 493
Mississippi Highway 493 (MS 493) is a state highway in eastern Mississippi for a length of 35 miles (56 km). It begins in the northernmost part of Meridian and travels through rural northern Lauderdale County and western Kemper County. The highway south of MS 16 is signed and maintained by the state while the portion north of it is unsigned and is maintained by Kemper County.

Mississippi Highway 16
Mississippi Highway 16 (MS 16) is a state highway in central Mississippi. It runs east–west for 186.4 miles (300.0 km), from the Mississippi Delta region to the Alabama state line. MS 16 serves 8 counties: Issaquena, Sharkey, Yazoo, Humphreys, Madison, Leake, Neshoba, and Kemper.
Ölüdeniz
Ölüdeniz (literally "Dead Sea", due to its calm waters even during storms; official translation: Blue Lagoon) is a town of the municipality and district of Fethiye, Muğla Province, Turkey. Its population is 6,132 (2022). Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (belde). It is a beach resort on the Turkish Riviera, at the conjunction point of the Aegean and Mediterranean seas. It is located 14 km (9 mi) south of Fethiye, near Mount Babadağ.

It has a sandy bay at the mouth of Ölüdeniz, on a blue lagoon. The beach itself is a pebble beach. The lagoon is a national nature reserve and construction is strictly prohibited. The seawater of Ölüdeniz is famous for its shades of turquoise and aquamarine, while its beach is an official Blue Flag beach.

Resort
A resort (North American English) is a self-contained commercial establishment that aims to provide most of a vacationer's needs. This includes food, drink, accommodation, sports, entertainment and shopping, on the premises. A hotel is frequently a central feature of a resort and the term resort may be used for a hotel that provides an array of entertainment and recreational activities.

Some resorts are also condominium complexes that offer timeshares or fractional ownership, in addition to wholly owned condominiums. A resort is not always a commercial establishment operated by a single company, but in the late 20th century, this type became more common.

In British English, "resort" means a town which people visit for holidays and day trips, typically containing hotels where holidaymakers stay. Blackpool and Brighton in UK and Ayia Napa in Cyprus are examples of such places.
Andrew Community School District
42°09′10″N 90°35′27″W﻿ / ﻿42.152671°N 90.590714°W﻿ / 42.152671; -90.590714

The Andrew Community School District is a public school district headquartered in Andrew, Iowa.  The district is completely within Jackson County and serves the town of Andrew and the surrounding rural areas.

Chris Fee became superintendent of both Andrew and Easton Valley Community School District in 2016.

Easton Valley Community School District
42°02′52″N 90°23′53″W﻿ / ﻿42.047712°N 90.398147°W﻿ / 42.047712; -90.398147

Easton Valley Community School District is a rural public school district headquartered in Preston, Iowa, United States. It is located in sections of Jackson and Clinton counties, and serves Preston, Miles, Sabula, and Spragueville.

It operates its PreKindergarten through grade 6 elementary school in Miles, and its grade 7-12 secondary (middle-high) school in Preston. Its school colors are orange and gray, and its mascot is the River Hawk.
Frankfurt Millennium
Frankfurt Millennium (German: Das Frankfurter Kreuz) is a 1998 drama film directed by Romuald Karmakar and starring Michael Degen, Manfred Zapatka and Jochen Nickel. Conceived as part of the 2000, Seen By... project, the film is a German and French co-production.

2000, Seen By...
2000, Seen By... (French: 2000 vu par...) was a 1998 international film project initiated by the French company Haut et Court to produce films depicting the approaching turn of the millennium seen from the perspectives of 10 different countries.

The idea was conceived by producers Caroline Benjo and Carole Scotta, who took the idea to Pierre Chevalier of the French-German TV station Arte. They envisioned each film to be one hour long, made for the cost of four to five million francs, by promising directors.

Ten films were produced as a result of the project:
Bellerive Acres, Missouri
Bellerive Acres is a northern suburban city in Normandy Township, St. Louis County, Missouri, United States. The population was 191 at the 2020 census. In April, 2015, the residents voted to change the village of Bellerive to a fourth class city named Bellerive Acres.

It is the former site of Bellerive Country Club, which relocated southwest to Town and Country in 1959. Much of the former golf course is now occupied by the University of Missouri–St. Louis.

Town and Country, Missouri
Town and Country is a city in west St. Louis County, Missouri, United States with a population of 11,640 as of the 2020 census.

Town and Country has the highest median household income ($134,387 in 2009) of any city in Missouri with a population over 10,000 and also has one of the highest median incomes of any city in the United States. The city is included in the St. Louis, MO-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area, and is home to Bellerive Country Club, which hosted the 1965 U.S. Open, the 1992 PGA Championship, and the 2018 PGA Championship.
Liam O'Flaherty
Liam O'Flaherty (Irish: Liam Ó Flaithearta ; 28 August 1896 – 7 September 1984) was an Irish novelist and short-story writer, and one of the foremost socialist writers in the first part of the 20th century, writing about the common people's experience and from their perspective. Others are Seán O'Casey, Pádraic Ó Conaire, Peadar O'Donnell, Máirtín Ó Cadhain, and Seosamh Mac Grianna all of them Irish language speakers who chose to write either in Irish or English.

Liam O'Flaherty served on the Western Front as a soldier in the British army's Irish Guards regiment from 1916 and was badly injured in 1917. After the war, he was a founding member of the Communist Party of Ireland. His brother Tom Maidhc O'Flaherty (also a writer) was also involved in radical politics and their father, Maidhc Ó Flaithearta, was before them. O'Flaherty wrote almost exclusively in English, except for a play, a notable collection of short stories and some poems in the Irish language.

Máirtín Ó Cadhain
Máirtín Ó Cadhain (Irish pronunciation: [ˈmˠaːɾˠtʲiːnʲ oː ˈkəinʲ]; 4 January 1906 – 18 October 1970) was one of the most prominent Irish language writers of the twentieth century. Perhaps best known for his 1949 novel Cré na Cille, Ó Cadhain played a key role in reintroducing literary modernism into modern literature in Irish, where it had been dormant since the 1916 execution of Patrick Pearse. Politically, Ó Cadhain was an Irish republican and anti-clerical Marxist, who promoted the Athghabháil na hÉireann ("Re-Conquest of Ireland"), (meaning both decolonization and re-Gaelicisation). Ó Cadhain was also a member of the post-Civil War Irish Republican Army and was interned by the Irish Army in the Curragh Camp with Brendan Behan and many other IRA members during the Emergency.
Arm (geography)
In geography, an arm is a narrow extension, inlet, or smaller reach, of water flowing out from a much larger body of water, such as an ocean, a sea, or a lake. Although different geographically, a sound or bay may also be called an arm, or vice versa.

Both the tributary and distributary of a river are sometimes called an "arm".  By extension, a canal arm is a subsidiary branch of a canal or inland waterway. A number of place names are derived from this term, such as Salmon Arm, Indian Arm and Alice Arm.

Indian Arm
Indian Arm (Halkomelem: səl̓ilw̓ət) is a steep-sided glacial fjord in southwestern British Columbia. Formed during the last Ice Age, it extends due north from Burrard Inlet, between the communities of Belcarra (to the east) and the District of North Vancouver (to the west), then on into mountainous wilderness. The name səl̓ilw̓ət is the Halkomelem word for the inlet itself, and from which the Tsleil-Waututh, Halkomelem 'people of the inlet' derive their name. Later Burrard Inlet and the opening of Indian Arm was mapped by Captain George Vancouver and fully explored days later by Dionisio Alcalá Galiano in June 1792.