hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Soil-plant-atmosphere continuum
The soil-plant-atmosphere continuum (SPAC) is the pathway for water moving from soil through plants to the atmosphere. Continuum in the description highlights the continuous nature of water connection through the pathway. The low water potential of the atmosphere, and relatively higher (i.e. less negative) water potential inside leaves, leads to a diffusion gradient across the stomatal pores of leaves, drawing water out of the leaves as vapour. As water vapour transpires out of the leaf, further water molecules evaporate off the surface of mesophyll cells to replace the lost molecules since water in the air inside leaves is maintained at saturation vapour pressure. Water lost at the surface of cells is replaced by water from the xylem, which due to the cohesion-tension properties of water in the xylem of plants pulls additional water molecules through the xylem from the roots toward the leaf.

Transpiration
Water is passively transported into the roots and then into the xylem.

The forces of cohesion and adhesion cause the water molecules to form a column in the xylem.

Water moves from the xylem into the mesophyll cells, evaporates from their surfaces and leaves the plant by diffusion through the stomata

Transpiration is the process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation from aerial parts, such as leaves, stems and flowers. It is a passive process that requires no energy expense by the plant. Transpiration also cools plants, changes osmotic pressure of cells, and enables mass flow of mineral nutrients. When water uptake by the roots is less than the water lost to the atmosphere by evaporation, plants close small pores called stomata to decrease water loss, which slows down nutrient uptake and decreases CO2 absorption from the atmosphere limiting metabolic processes, photosynthesis, and growth.
Cordova Town Center station
Cordova Town Center station is a side platformed SacRT light rail station in Rancho Cordova, California, United States. The station was opened on June 11, 2004, and is operated by the Sacramento Regional Transit District. It is served by the Gold Line. It is located near the intersection of Olson Drive/Cordova Lane and Folsom Boulevard and serves the nearby Rancho Cordova Town Center and a variety of shopping destinations.

Cordova Town Center, along with Zinfandel and Sunrise, opened on June 11, 2004, as part of an $89 million, 2.8-mile (4.5 km) extension of the Gold Line east of the Mather Field/Mills station. Rancho Cordova city officials have stated the establishment of the stations will help in the development of transit-oriented development/redevelopment of the Folsom corridor through the city.

Mather Field/Mills station
Mather Field/Mills station is a side platformed SacRT light rail station in Rancho Cordova, California, United States. The station was opened on September 6, 1998, and is operated by the Sacramento Regional Transit District. It is served by the Gold Line. The station is located near the intersection of Mather Field Road and Folsom Boulevard, is served by various RT bus routes and serves the nearby Mather Field.

When the station opened in 1998, it replaced Butterfield as the eastern terminus of what was then the original RT light rail alignment (Watt/I-80–Downtown–Butterfield line) and was the first extension to the original network. It would remain the terminus through June 11, 2004, when the line was extended to Sunrise and eventually all the way to Folsom.
James T. Baldwin
James Tennant Baldwin (May 6, 1933 – March 2, 2018), often known as Jay Baldwin or J. Baldwin, was an American industrial designer and writer. Baldwin was a student of Buckminster Fuller; Baldwin's work was inspired by Fuller's principles and, in the case of some of Baldwin's published writings, he popularized and interpreted Fuller's ideas and achievements. In his own right, Baldwin was a figure in American designers' efforts to incorporate solar, wind, and other renewable energy sources. In his career, being a fabricator was as important as being a designer. Baldwin was noted as the inventor of the "Pillow Dome", a design that combines Buckminster Fuller's geodesic dome with panels of inflated ETFE plastic panels.

ETFE
Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) is a fluorine-based plastic. It was designed to have high corrosion resistance and strength over a wide temperature range. ETFE is a polymer, and its source-based name is poly (ethene-co-tetrafluoroethene). It is also known under the DuPont brand name Tefzel and is sometimes referred to as "Teflon Film". ETFE has a relatively high melting temperature and excellent chemical, electrical, and high-energy-radiation resistance properties.
Corona radiata
In neuroanatomy, the corona radiata is a white matter sheet that continues inferiorly as the internal capsule and superiorly as the centrum semiovale. This sheet of both ascending and descending axons carries most of the neural traffic from and to the cerebral cortex. The corona radiata is associated with the  corticopontine tract, the corticobulbar tract, and the corticospinal tract.

White matter
White matter refers to areas of the central nervous system that are mainly made up of myelinated axons, also called tracts. Long thought to be passive tissue, white matter affects learning and brain functions, modulating the distribution of action potentials, acting as a relay and coordinating communication between different brain regions.

White matter is named for its relatively light appearance resulting from the lipid content of myelin. Its white color in prepared specimens is due to its usual preservation in formaldehyde. It appears pinkish-white to the naked eye otherwise, because myelin is composed largely of lipid tissue veined with capillaries.
The Parting Glass (film)
The Parting Glass is a 2018 American-Canadian drama film written by Denis O'Hare, directed by Stephen Moyer and starring Ed Asner, Rhys Ifans, Melissa Leo, Cynthia Nixon, Anna Paquin and O'Hare.  It is Moyer's feature directorial debut.

Rhys Ifans
Rhys Owain Evans (Welsh pronunciation: [r̥ɨːs ˈivans]; born 22 July 1967), known as Rhys Ifans, is a Welsh actor. He has portrayed roles in Twin Town (1997), Dancing at Lughnasa (1998), Notting Hill (1999), Kevin & Perry Go Large (2000), Enduring Love (2004), and The Boat That Rocked (2009), in addition to Xenophilius Lovegood in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 (2010), Dr. Curt Connors / Lizard in The Amazing Spider-Man (2012) and Spider-Man: No Way Home (2021), and Grigori Rasputin in The King's Man (2021). His television roles include Hector DeJean in the Epix thriller series Berlin Station, Mycroft Holmes in the CBS series Elementary, and Otto Hightower in the HBO fantasy series House of the Dragon.

Ifans was also formerly the frontman of the rock bands The Peth and Super Furry Animals.
Linn's Stamp News
Linn's Stamp News is an American weekly magazine for stamp collectors. It is published by Amos Media Co., which also publishes the Scott Standard Postage Stamp Catalogue, the Scott Specialized Catalogue of United States Stamps and Covers, and the Scott Classic Specialized Catalogue of Stamps and Covers 1840–1940. Linn's was founded in 1928 by George W. Linn as Linn's Weekly Stamp News.

The size of the paper shrank in late 2007.

Scott catalogue
The Scott catalogue of postage stamps, published by Scott Stamp LLC, is updated annually and lists all the stamps of the world that its editors recognize as issued for postal purposes. It is published in fourteen large volumes (as of 2021) that include twelve volumes containing all the countries of the world that have ever issued postage stamps, the United States Specialized Catalog, and the 1840–1940 Classic Specialized Catalogue (covering the world for the first 100 years that stamps were issued).  The numbering system used by Scott to identify stamps is dominant among stamp collectors in the United States, Canada and Mexico.
Oskar Cohn
Oskar Cohn (15 October 1869 – 31 October 1934) was a German lawyer, Zionist and socialist politician. He was a member of the German and Prussian parliament and the Weimar National Assembly representing the Social Democratic Party of Germany and the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany.

Hugo Haase
Hugo Haase (29 September 1863 – 7 November 1919) was a German socialist politician, jurist and pacifist. With Friedrich Ebert, he co-chaired of the Council of the People's Deputies during the German Revolution of 1918–19.
Outlaw Brand
Outlaw Brand is a 1948 American Western film directed by Lambert Hillyer and written by J. Benton Cheney. The film stars Jimmy Wakely, Dub Taylor, Kay Morley, Christine Larson, Tom Chatterton, and Leonard Penn. The film was released on October 24, 1948, by Monogram Pictures.

Tom Chatterton
Tom Chatterton (February 12, 1881 – August 17, 1952) was an American actor and director.

Born in Geneva, New York, Chatterton was active in sports as a youth. He gained early acting experience with Ben Horning's stock theater company in Syracuse, New York. He worked with several stock theater companies, and for three years he portrayed the mayor in a touring company of The Man of the Hour. He also was active in vaudeville.

He began his film career in 1913 at the New York Motion Picture Company under director Thomas H. Ince. Although never a major star, Chatterton had several leading roles in early silent films. He appeared in a large number of westerns and was able to adapt to talkies allowing him to have a successful career lasting five decades.

Chatterton was also a film director.

He died in Hollywood in 1952 and was interred in the Glenwood Cemetery in his hometown of Geneva.
Jacob Lissek
Jacob Lissek (born August 17, 1992) is an American former professional soccer player who plays as a goalkeeper. He played college soccer for Fairleigh Dickinson University, and set the Knights’ all-time career record for shutouts (26). After college, he was with Charlotte Independence, Oklahoma City Energy, FC Dallas (loan), FC Dallas, Penn FC, and Hartford Athletic. Lissek won a gold medal with Team USA at the 2013 Maccabiah Games in Israel.

Hartford Athletic
Hartford Athletic is an American professional soccer team based in Hartford, Connecticut. The club was founded in 2018 and started play in the USL Championship in 2019. For the 2026 season, the club introduced a women's team that competes in the USL W League.
Hinchinbrooke (1814 ship)
Hinchinbrook was built in America in 1812. By 1814, she was carrying mails for the Post Office Packet Service from Falmouth, Cornwall. In May 1814, she repelled an attack by an American privateer in a single-ship action. She was wrecked in May 1816.

Falmouth, Cornwall
Falmouth (/ˈfælməθ/ FAL-məth; Cornish (SWF): Aberfala) is a town, civil parish and port on the River Fal on the south coast of Cornwall, England, United Kingdom.

Falmouth was founded in 1613 by the Killigrew family on a site near the existing Pendennis Castle. It developed as a port on the Carrick Roads harbour, overshadowing the earlier town of Penryn. In the 19th century after the arrival of the railways, tourism became important to its economy. In modern times, both industries maintain a presence in Falmouth and the town is also home to the National Maritime Museum Cornwall, a campus of Falmouth University and Falmouth Art Gallery. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 24,032.
Internet rap
Internet rap (originally known as blog rap or online rap) is a style of hip-hop that emerged in the late 2000s, initially spreading through the online blogosphere, and early social media platforms like Myspace and later Tumblr, as well as mixtape-sharing site DatPiff.

Internet rap encompasses various online styles and aesthetics deeply intertwined with internet culture, memes, and digital communities. Unlike traditional hip-hop, internet rap is characterized by music primarily influenced by the internet and born out of online communities. Artists often favor online music distribution platforms such as SoundCloud, with songs frequently promoted and shared through streaming services like YouTube, TikTok, and Instagram.

Though many internet rappers achieve mainstream success, artists within this label have been described as alternative or underground rap. The scene was originally based primarily on trap music but later gave rise to several microgenres and internet subcultures.

DatPiff
DatPiff was an online audio distribution platform specializing in hip-hop, rap, and urban music that launched in 2005. It was headquartered in Pennsylvania. The site was founded in the spring of 2005 by Marcus Frasier. It was owned by MediaLab. In March 2023, DatPiff experienced severe server outages. The following month, it announced that it had partnered with the Internet Archive to archive the site's music catalog. The site no longer hosts music but does link to the Internet Archive's collection. Despite this, the archived catalog completely disappeared from Internet Archive not long after its publication and has yet to be reuploaded officially by DatPiff, rendering only a small percentage of mixtapes from the platform available on Internet Archive.
Alfred V. du Pont
Alfred Victor Philadelphe du Pont de Nemours (April 11, 1798 – October 4, 1856) was a French American chemist and industrialist, who was the eldest son and successor of Éleuthère Irénée du Pont, the founder of the E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company. His son, Alfred Victor du Pont, was one of founding fathers of the alpha (first) chapter of Phi Kappa Sigma fraternity on October 19, 1850, affiliated with University of Pennsylvania, which is a charter member of the North American Interfraternity Conference.

Phi Kappa Sigma
Phi Kappa Sigma (ΦΚΣ), also known as Phi Kap, Skulls, Skullhouse, or PKS, is an international all-male college secret society and social fraternity. Commonly known as “Skulls”, the name is inspired by the skull and crossbones on the fraternity's badge and coat of arms. Members are often recognized by the solid gold membership pin depicting the fraternity’s symbol, a Maltese Cross surrounding a human skull.
Dudley Street Neighborhood Initiative
The Dudley Street Neighborhood Initiative, or DSNI, is a nonprofit, community-run organization based in Roxbury, Massachusetts. It was founded in 1984 by residents of the Dudley Street Neighborhood, along with members of the Riley Foundation, as an effort to rebuild the poverty-stricken community surrounding then-Dudley Square (now Nubian Square). It is known as the first and only community-run grassroots organization to gain "the power of eminent domain" by the Boston Redevelopment Authority, meaning the community controls its own development and the use of the land. Today, 35 board of directors help to govern the more than 3,000 active members of DSNI. The board of directors are elected by locals every two years, and must represent the community's four major ethnic groups: African American, Cape Verdean, Latino and White, as well as the local youth, businesses, nonprofits, churches and CDC's that support the initiative.

Boston Planning & Development Agency
The Boston Planning & Development Agency (BPDA), formerly the Boston Redevelopment Authority (BRA), is a Massachusetts public agency that serves as the municipal planning and development agency for Boston, working on both housing and commercial developments.

As an agency concerned with urban planning, the BPDA does not consider requests for zoning variances from individual property owners. These are heard by the city's own Zoning Board of Appeals, a seven-person body appointed by the Mayor of Boston.

Some consider the BPDA's roles as both real estate owner and developer, and approval authority over private development projects, to be a conflict of interest.
Pawns of Passion
Pawns of Passion (German: Marter der Liebe) is a 1928 German silent drama film directed by Wiktor Biegański and Carmine Gallone and starring Olga Chekhova, Harry Frank and Hans Stüwe. The film was released in the United States in 1929. The film is also known by several other alternative titles including Liebeshölle.

Hans Stüwe
Hans Stüwe (14 May 1901 – 13 May 1976) was a German stage and film actor, singer, film and opera director. As a singer he made his debut at the Stadttheater in Königsberg and moved to Berlin to play on stage.
Casey Murphy
Casey Grace Murphy (born April 25, 1996) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a goalkeeper for Boston Legacy FC of the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL) and the United States national team.

Murphy played college soccer for the Rutgers Scarlet Knights, twice earning Big Ten Goalkeeper of the Year and All-American honors. She began her professional career with Montpellier in 2018 before entering the NWSL with Reign FC and then joining the Courage in 2021.

Murphy made her senior debut for the United States in 2021. She was included on the squad that won gold at the 2024 Paris Olympics.

Rutgers Scarlet Knights women's soccer
The Rutgers Scarlet Knights women's soccer team represents Rutgers University–New Brunswick in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I women's soccer. The team competes in the Big Ten Conference and is currently coached by Mike O'Neill. The Scarlet Knights reached the NCAA Tournament College Cup in 2015 and 2021.
Tim Roper
Tim Roper (8 April 1951 in Hampstead, London – February 2003) was the English former drummer of the pub rock band Ducks Deluxe (1972–1975), as well as a member of "Reds, Whites and Blues" with Adrian "Ade" Shaw. After leaving Ducks Deluxe, he became a skilled cabinet maker, carpenter & boat builder working for The Steam & Electric launch company Ludham & Wroxham, Norfolk- producing replica steam boats,
Henley launches & electric propulsion boats, as well as playing in a number of Norwich-based live bands.

He died in Norwich in 2003, from alcohol-related symptoms.

Ade Shaw
Adrian Shaw (born 2 January 1947 in Hampstead, North London), frequently known as Ade Shaw, is a musician primarily working in the psychedelic field. He has a long history dating back to the 1960s working with such acts as Hawkwind, Country Joe McDonald, Arthur Brown, and the Deviants.  Shaw played bass for former Tyrannosaurus Rex percussionist Steve Peregrin Took's band in 1974 and three years later, while appearing with Hawkwind on the former other half of Tyrannosaurus Rex Marc Bolan's TV show, was himself invited to join T.Rex; however Bolan's death very shortly thereafter prevented this.
John Campbell Smith
John Campbell Smith (1828–1914) was a Scottish writer, advocate and Sheriff-substitute of Forfarshire. He was a typical 'lad o' pairts' – a talented Scots boy of the 19th century who raised himself from extremely humble beginnings.

Sheriff-substitute
In the Courts of Scotland, sheriff-substitute was the historical name for the judges who sit in the local sheriff courts under the direction of the sheriffs principal; from 1971 the sheriffs substitute were renamed simply as sheriff. When researching the history of the sheriffs and sheriffs principal of Scotland there is much confusion over the use of different names to refer to sheriffs in Scotland. Sheriffs principal are those sheriffs who have held office over a sheriffdom, whether through inheritance or through direct appointment by the Crown. Thus, hereditary sheriff (before 1746) and sheriff-depute (after 1746) are the precursors to the modern office of sheriff principal.
Bad Man (2025 film)
Bad Man is a 2025 American action comedy film co-written and directed by Michael Diliberti. The film stars Seann William Scott, Johnny Simmons, Chance Perdomo (in his final film role), Lovi Poe, Kaitlin Doubleday, Ethan Suplee, Rob Riggle, and Jett Wilder.

The film premiered at the Sidewalk Film Festival on August 24, 2025 and was released by Vertical on September 5, 2025.

Lovi Poe
Lourdes Virginia "Lovi" Moran Poe (born February 11, 1991) is a Filipino actress and recording artist. She is the daughter of action star Fernando Poe Jr.

Poe is known for starring in two popular drama series on the GMA Network: Bakekang (2006) as Kristal and Ang Dalawang Mrs. Real (2014) as Shiela. She received her first Best Actress award in the 2010 Cinemalaya Independent Film Festival for the film Mayohan, where she played Lilibeth. That same year, she was also a FAMAS Best Actress awardee for the film Sagrada Familia for playing Kath Asero.

On September 16, 2021, Poe signed with ABS-CBN. In 2023, she founded the film production company C'est Lovi Productions.
Sabatinca incongruella
Sabatinca incongruella is a species of moth of the family Micropterigidae. It is endemic to New Zealand and is found only in the northern parts of the South Island. It is a day flying moth and is on the wing from mid January until late February. The larvae of this species feed on liverworts and the adult moths feed on the spores of fern species in the genus Pneumatopteris. This species can be confused with S. chalcophanes as it is very similar in appearance.

Pneumatopteris
Pneumatopteris is a genus of about 80 species of terrestrial ferns in the family Thelypteridaceae. The range of the genus extends from tropical Africa, through Asia, Malesia and Australia to the Pacific islands, including Hawaii and New Zealand. It was first described by Japanese botanist Takenoshin Nakai in 1933. The name comes from the Greek pneuma (air, wind or breath), and pteris (a fern), with reference to the aerophores in some species.
Sawai Madhopur Junction railway station
Sawai Madhopur Junction railway station (station code: SWM) is a prominent railway station located on the New Delhi–Kota section of the New Delhi–Mumbai main line and the Jaipur–Mumbai rail line, under the jurisdiction of the West Central Railway. The station serves as a vital transit point and is well-connected to major cities, including New Delhi, Mumbai Central, Jaipur Junction, Bharatpur, Mathura, Agra, Kanpur Central, Ahmedabad, and Kota Junction. The station serves as an important halt for all trains that are bound for Jaipur, Mumbai & Delhi. Trains that are bound for Jaipur from Kota side reverse direction here & Trains that are bound for Jaipur from Agra side stops here.

Bharatpur, Rajasthan
Bharatpur is a city in the Indian state of Rajasthan, 189 km (117 mi) south of India's capital, New Delhi, 184 km (114 mi) from Rajasthan's capital Jaipur, 56 km (35 mi) west of Agra of Uttar Pradesh and 36 km (22 mi) from Mathura of Uttar Pradesh. It is the administrative headquarters of Bharatpur District and the headquarters of Bharatpur Division of Rajasthan State. Bharatpur is part of National Capital Region of India. The city was the capital of the Bharatpur State. It became a municipal corporation with 65 wards in 2014.
Money20/20 Middle East
Money20/20 Middle East is an annual financial technology conference held in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. It is organised by Tahaluf as part of the global Money20/20 event portfolio and is held in partnership with Fintech Saudi, a national initiative established by the Saudi Central Bank and the Capital Market Authority.

The inaugural Middle East edition took place from 15-17 September 2025, hosting 38,500 attendees, 450 speakers, 451 exhibiting brands, 1,050 investors and 150 start-ups.

Tahaluf
Tahaluf (Arabic: تحالف, meaning "alliance") is a Saudi British events and exhibitions company founded in 2022 as a joint venture between Informa PLC, a London-based exhibitions and business intelligence group, and the Saudi Federation for Cybersecurity, Programming and Drones (SAFCSP). In 2023, the Events Investment Fund (EIF), a subsidiary of the National Development Fund, acquired a significant stake. Tahaluf develops and operates international exhibitions in Saudi Arabia and abroad across sectors, including technology, real estate, healthcare, maritime, religious tourism, and pharmaceuticals.