hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pavement performance modeling
Pavement performance modeling or pavement deterioration modeling is the study of pavement deterioration throughout its life-cycle. The health of pavement is assessed using different performance indicators. Some of the most well-known performance indicators are Pavement Condition Index (PCI), International Roughness Index (IRI) and Present Serviceability Index (PSI), but sometimes a single distress such as rutting or the extent of crack is used. Among the most frequently used methods for pavement performance modeling are mechanistic models, mechanistic-empirical models, survival curves and Markov models. Recently, machine learning algorithms have been used for this purpose as well. Most studies on pavement performance modeling are based on IRI.

Pavement condition index
The pavement condition index (PCI) is a numerical index between 0 and 100, which is used to indicate the general condition of a pavement section. The PCI is widely used in transportation civil engineering and asset management, and many municipalities use it to measure the performance of their road infrastructure and their levels of service. It is a statistical measure and requires manual survey of the pavement. This index was originally developed by the United States Army Corps of Engineers as an airfield pavement rating system, but later modified for roadway pavements and standardized by the ASTM. The surveying processes and calculation methods have been documented and standardized by ASTM for both roads and airport pavements:

ASTM D6433 - 20: Standard Practice for Roads and Parking Lots Pavement Condition Index Surveys

ASTM D5340 - 20: Standard Test Method for Airport Pavement Condition Index Surveys
1990 United States House of Representatives elections in Idaho
The 1990 United States House of Representatives elections in Idaho were held on November 6, 1990, to elect the state of Idaho's two members to the United States House of Representatives. Republican Congressman Larry Craig did not seek re-election in the 1st district, and was succeeded by Democrat Larry LaRocco, while Democratic Congressman Richard H. Stallings won re-election, giving Democrats control of both seats for the first time since the 1962 election.

Richard H. Stallings
Richard Howard Stallings (October 7, 1940 – October 26, 2025) was an American politician who served as a member of the United States House of Representatives for Idaho's 2nd congressional district from 1985 to 1993.
Shatzi Weisberger
Joyce "Shatzi" Weisberger (née Schatzberg; June 17, 1930 – December 1, 2022) was an American death educator, activist, and nurse based in New York City. After a 47-year career in nursing, she began engaging in public death education and end-of-life advocacy. Throughout her life, Weisberger was involved in several activist movements, including the civil rights movement, anti-nuclear movement, ACT UP, and campaigns against police brutality. In her later years, she was affiliated with the New York chapter of Jewish Voice for Peace, expressing opposition to Zionism.

Jewish Voice for Peace
Jewish Voice for Peace (JVP; Hebrew: קוֹל יְהוּדִי לַשָּׁלוֹם, romanized: Qōl Yəhūḏī la-Ššālōm) is an American anti-Zionist, pro‑Palestinian solidarity, and left-wing advocacy organization. It is critical of Israel's occupation of the Palestinian territories, and supports the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) campaign against Israel.

The group was formed in 1996, and as of 2024 had grown to over 32,000 active dues-paying members. Its chapters at Columbia and George Washington universities were suspended in 2024.
2011 Nigerian Senate elections in Zamfara State
The 2011 Nigerian Senate election in Zamfara State was held on April 11, 2011, to elect members of the Nigerian Senate to represent Zamfara State. Kabir Garba Marafa representing Zamfara Central won on the platform of All Nigeria Peoples Party, while Sahabi Yau representing Zamfara North and Ahmad Sani Yerima representing Zamfara West both won on the platform of the Peoples Democratic Party.

Ahmad Sani Yerima
Ahmed Rufai Sani Yerima (born 22 July 1960) is a Nigerian politician who was Governor of Zamfara State from May 1999 to May 2007, and served as Senator for Zamfara West and Deputy Minority Leader in the Senate. He is a member of the All Progressives Congress (APC).
Svetlana Filippova
Svetlana Vyacheslavovna Filippova (Russian: Светлана Вячеславовна Филиппова; born July 8, 1990, in Moscow) is a Russian springboard diver. Filippova has won a total of three medals, along with her partners Nadezda Bazhina: (silver in Moscow, and bronze in Beijing), and Anastasia Pozdniakova (bronze in Guanajuato, Mexico), for the women's synchronized springboard at the 2011 FINA Diving World Series.

Filippova represented Russia at the 2008 Summer Olympics, where she competed for the women's springboard event, along with her teammate Yuliya Pakhalina (who eventually won the silver medal in the final). She placed nineteenth out of thirty divers in the preliminary round by two points behind Hungary's Nóra Barta, with a total score of 274.20 after six successive attempts.

Nadezhda Bazhina
Nadezhda Valeryevna Bazhina (Russian: Надежда Валерьевна Бажина; born 29 December 1987) is a Russian diver. She won the 3 m springboard event at the 2010 European Aquatics Championships and at the 2014 European Aquatics Championship.

In the Rio 2016 Olympics, she flopped on her dive after a slip from the board, resulting in a zero score. Bazhina won her first WC medal at the 2017 World Aquatics Championships in Budapest, Hungary. There she won silver losing only to Australian Maddison Keeney.
Hubert Nathan Myers and Clifford Williams
Hubert Nathan Myers and Clifford Williams are two African American men who were served 42 years in prison after being wrongfully convicted of first degree murder and attempted murder due to eyewitness misidentification, ineffective assistance of counsel and official misconduct. They are the first exonerees freed based on an investigation by a Conviction Integrity Unit in Florida.

Eyewitness testimony
Eyewitness testimony is the account a bystander or victim gives in the courtroom, describing what that person observed that occurred during the specific incident under investigation. Ideally this recollection of events is detailed; however, this is not always the case. This recollection is used as evidence to show what happened from a witness' point of view. Memory recall has been considered a credible source in the past but has recently come under attack as forensics can now support psychologists in their claim that memories and individual perceptions can be unreliable, manipulated, and biased. As a result of this, many countries, and states within the United States, are now attempting to make changes in how eyewitness testimony is presented in court. Eyewitness testimony is a specialized focus within cognitive psychology.
Kentucky Route 715
Kentucky Route 715 (KY 715) is a 19.692-mile-long (31.691 km) state highway in western Wolfe County and southern Menifee County that runs from Kentucky Route 11 east of Zachariah to Kentucky Route 77 in the Red River Gorge via Rogers and Pine Ridge. From KY 15 to its northern terminus, KY 715 serves as an important route into the Gorge, with its entire Menifee County portion running parallel to the Red River.

Kentucky Route 77
Kentucky Route 77 (KY 77) is a 14.221-mile (22.886 km) long state highway in Kentucky that runs from Kentucky Route 11 and Kentucky Route 15 northwest of Slade to U.S. Route 460 southeast of Frenchburg.
Augustus Island
Augustus Island is one of the many uninhabited Canadian Arctic islands in the Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut. It is a Baffin Island offshore island located in inner Frobisher Bay. The island lies at the head of Ward Inlet, between Becher Peninsula and Hall Peninsula. Bruce Island is located at the mouth of the inlet. Other islands in the immediate vicinity include Algerine Island, Frobisher's Farthest, McBride Island, and Pichit Island.

The island was named by American Arctic explorer Charles Francis Hall.

Algerine Island
Algerine Island is one of the many uninhabited Canadian Arctic islands in the Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut. It is a Baffin Island offshore island located in Frobisher Bay, southeast of the capital city of Iqaluit.

Other islands in the immediate vicinity include Alligator Island, Brigus Island, Camp Island, Crimmins Island, Culbertson Island, Frobisher's Farthest, Gay Island, Jenvey Island, Kudlago Island, Kungo Island, Low Island, Luella Island, Mark Island, McAllister Island, McBride Island, Metela Island, Mitchell Island, Pan Island, Peak Island, Pichit Island, Pink Lady Island, Precipice Island, Ptarmigan Island, Smith Island, and Sybil Island.
Kate Roberts (YouthAIDS)
Kate Roberts is a British human rights advocate and humanitarian. She works on a global scale to develop programs and services which target malaria, child survival, HIV/AIDS, gender equality, reproductive health, and non-communicable disease. She is the co-founder of Maverick Collective, together with Mette-Marit, Crown Princess of Norway and Melinda French Gates, The Body Agency, and YouthAIDS and Five & Alive, subsidiaries of Population Services International (PSI), where she served as Senior Vice President.

Roberts hosts the podcast show; Sex Body and Soul.

Population Services International
Population Services International (PSI) is a 501(c)(3) registered nonprofit global health organization that began as an international not-for-profit provider of contraception and safe abortion services, and has evolved into developing and deploying programs today that target malaria, child survival, HIV, and reproductive health. PSI provides products, clinical services and behavior change communications for the health of people in high-need populations.
Nonattachment (philosophy)
Nonattachment, non-attachment, or detachment is a state in which a person overcomes their emotional attachment to or desire for things, people, or worldly concerns and thus attains a heightened perspective. It is considered a wise virtue and is promoted in various Eastern religions, such as Hinduism, Jainism, Taoism, and Buddhism. It is also a key concept in Christian spirituality (often referred to by the Greek term apatheia), where it signifies a detachment from worldly objects and concerns.

Apatheia
In Stoic philosophy, apatheia (Ancient Greek: ἀπάθεια; from  a- 'without' and  pathos 'suffering, passion') refers to a state of mind in which one is not disturbed by the passions. It might better be translated by the word equanimity than the word indifference. The meaning of the word apatheia is quite different from that of the modern English apathy, which has a distinctly negative connotation that includes feelings of inertness, indifference, and impassiveness. According to the Stoics, apatheia was the quality that characterized the sage.
MEChA
M.E.Ch.A. (Spanish: Movimiento Estudiantil Chicano de Aztlán, lit. 'Chicano Student Movement of Aztlán') is a US-based organization that seeks to promote Chicano unity and empowerment through political action.

Plan Espiritual de Aztlán
The Plan Espiritual de Aztlán (English: "Spiritual Plan of Aztlán") was a pro-indigenist manifesto advocating Chicano nationalism and self-determination for Mexican Americans. It was adopted by the First National Chicano Youth Liberation Conference, a March 1969 convention hosted by Rodolfo Gonzales's Crusade for Justice in Denver, Colorado.
Bhuna
Bhuna (Bengali: ভুনা, Hindi: भुना), also written Bhoona, is a slow-roasted, dry style of curry, often made with meat, and originating from Bengal. It is characterised by the initial frying of an onion-based paste, followed by long braising of the spices and meat, giving it a dark appearance and rich flavour.

The bhuna technique is widespread in Indian cuisine. In Bangladesh, several varieties exist; kala bhuna is often eaten at mezban feasts, at Muslim weddings, and on holidays. Bhuna has become a commonly eaten curry in British Indian restaurants.

Mezban
Mezban (Bengali: মেজবান), locally known as Mejjan (Chittagonian: মেজ্জান) is a popular festival held in Chittagong by Chittagonians of Bangladesh. Historically Mezban is a traditional regional Bengali feast and nowadays refers to both the regional tradition and the feast that results in common usage. The famous Mezbani meal consisting of steamed white rice and hot beef, usually along with other dishes like 'chonar daal' or curry of mung bean and beef fat chunks, 'nolar kanzi' or beef bone marrow soup, and the kala bhuna or dried beef with onions.
Poorvapara
Poorvapara (transl. East and west/before and after) is a 2004 Indian Kannada-language drama film directed by Kudavalli Chandrashekhar in his directorial debut. The film stars Geetha, Naveen Mayur and Lakshmi Gopalaswamy with Srinath and himself in supporting roles.

The film is based on M. K. Indira's novel of the same name and is about the conflict that NRIs face about the separation from their loved ones. The film follows a sixty-year old mother from Sringeri who goes to the United States with the intention of bringing her son and daughter-in-law back to India. The film was the first Kannada film to be screened at the Toronto International Film Festival.

Lakshmi Gopalaswamy
Lakshmi Gopalaswamy is an Indian actress from Karnataka and a classical dancer, qualified in Bharatanatyam. She has mainly acted in Malayalam films, while also appearing in few Kannada and Tamil films.

She won the Karnataka State Film Award for Best Actress for her performance in her Kannada film Vidaya. Her debut Malayalam film Arayannangalude Veedu alongside Mammootty won her the Kerala State Film Award as the best supporting actor. She was a judge on Asianet's dance show Vodafone Thakadhimi..
2025 Armenian coup attempt allegations
Following an attempt to oust the head of the Armenian Apostolic Church, Garegin II by the Armenian government of Nikol Pashinyan, and further opposition reactions, on June 25, 2025, the National Security Service (NSS) announced that it had arrested Archbishop Bagrat Galstanyan, who led the 2024 Armenian protests, and 14 other opposition figures. A few days later, Archbishop Mikael Adjapahyan was also arrested.

On 15th February 2026, the Armenian authorities opened a criminal case against Garegin II (officially accusing him of obstructing the enforcement of a court ruling) and restricted him from leaving the country; the Church condemned the move as unlawful and politically motivated. This came one day before the Church’s official Synod meeting.

Bagrat Galstanyan
Archbishop Bagrat Galstanyan (Armenian: Բագրատ արքեպիսկոպոս Գալստանյան; born May 20, 1971) is an Armenian prelate of the Armenian Apostolic Church who is currently serving as bishop of the Diocese of Tavush. He also served as primate of the Armenian Diocese of Canada based in Montreal from May 2003 to May 2013. As the bishop of a border region affected by the cession of villages to Azerbaijan, he led protests against the Armenian government in 2024. As of June 2025, he is detained for allegedly planning a putsch.
50th Anniversary World Tour
The 50th Anniversary World Tour (or sometimes called Return to Forever Tour) was a worldwide tour by German rock band Scorpions. It started on 1 May 2015 in Zhenjiang and finished in Berlin on 2 December 2016. It was in the support of band's eighteenth studio album Return to Forever and it was also celebration of band's fifty years in music business. Tour was ranked by Pollstar at No. 79 at their "Top 100 Worldwide Tour" chart for 2015 with total gross of $22,400,000 and total of 375.576 tickets sold from 51 concerts. It was also ranged by Pollstar at No. 68 at their "Top 100 Worldwide Tour" chart for 2016 with total gross of $26,200,000 and total of 383,398 tickets sold from 59 concerts. It was, also, the last Scorpions worldwide tour to feature James Kottak and first worldwide tour to feature Mikkey Dee as a band's official drummer.

James Kottak
James Kottak (December 26, 1962 – January 9, 2024) was an American drummer, best known for his work with the German hard rock band Scorpions, which he joined in 1996. At the time of his firing from the band in 2016, he was their longest-serving drummer. Kottak was also an original member of Kingdom Come, of whom he was their drummer from 1987 to 1989 and again from 2018 to his death in 2024.
Lee Troop
Lee Joseph Troop (born 22 March 1973) is an Olympic marathon runner from Geelong, Victoria, Australia. Starting as a long-distance track runner, he represented Australia in the 5000 m at the 1998 Commonwealth Games and attended his first World Athletics Championships the following year. He broke the Australian record in the 5000 m in 1999.

After changed to the marathon distance, he made his Olympic debut in the 2000 Olympic marathon race in Australia but finished in 66th place after an injury. Further injuries interrupted his next two seasons, but he returned and finished 17th in the marathon at the 2003 World Championships and 27th at the 2004 Athens Olympics. He qualified for the 2008 Beijing Olympics but despite his aim of making the top ten, he finished in 60th place.

Steve Moneghetti
Stephen James Moneghetti, AM (born 26 September 1962), is an Australian long-distance runner and physical health consultant who has represented Australia on many occasions. He is a personal development consultant with the Ministry of Education and chair of the Victorian Review into Physical and Sport Education in Schools.
Women's Boat Race 2012
The 67th Women's Boat Race took place on 26 March 2012.  The race was conducted as part of the Henley Boat Races and took place at Henley-on-Thames.  In a race umpired by multiple Olympic gold medallist Matthew Pinsent, Cambridge won by one quarter of a length in a time of 6 minutes 38 seconds, their first win since the 2007 race.  The victory took the overall record in the event to 41–26 in Cambridge's favour.

Matthew Pinsent
Sir Matthew Clive Pinsent, CBE (/ˈpɪnsənt/; born 10 October 1970) is an English rower and broadcaster. During his rowing career, he won 10 world championship gold medals and four consecutive Olympic gold medals.

Since retiring, he has worked as a sports broadcaster for the BBC.
SE Palmeiras (women)
Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras, commonly known as Palmeiras, is a professional women's association football club based in Vinhedo, São Paulo, Brazil. Founded in 1997, the team is affiliated with Federação Paulista de Futebol and play their home games at Estádio Nelo Bracalente. The team colors, reflected in their logo and uniform, are green and white. They play in the top tier of women's football in Brazil, the Campeonato Brasileiro de Futebol Feminino, and in the Campeonato Paulista de Futebol Feminino, the first division of the traditional in-state competition.

Vinhedo
Vinhedo (Portuguese pronunciation: [viˈɲedu]) is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. It is part of the Metropolitan Region of Campinas. The population in 2020 was 80,111 and its area is 81.60 km2 (31.51 mi2). It has a population density of 981 inhabitants per square kilometer. The elevation is 777 m (2,549 ft). Vinhedo is 96% urbanized and It was founded in 1949.

Vinhedo is ranked 13th of the 5,565 municipalities in the 2010 Brazilian Municipal Development Index (FMDI), and 6th among the municipalities in the state of São Paulo. It had a per capita income of $638.17 in 2010 and an extreme poverty rate (defined as under $30 per year) of 0.13%. The municipality has made significant progress in the implementation of the digital city concept (11th in the state of São Paulo, which is defined as the level of digital infrastructure and services available to residents.
Bolair, West Virginia
Bolair is a small unincorporated community in Webster County, West Virginia, United States, on West Virginia Route 20. To the east is the smaller town of Jerryville. Both towns are about 75 miles east of the state capital, Charleston. The Gauley River runs through the center of the community.

Several traditions attempt to explain the origin of the name.

Jerryville, West Virginia
Jerryville is an unincorporated community in Webster County, West Virginia, United States. Little is known about the location, but one thing known is that there lives the infamous Jerry, who drinks Jerry Ones.
Houda-Imane Faraoun
Houda-Imane Faraoun, also spelled  Feraoun, is an Algerian physicist and materials scientist who was appointed Minister of Post, Information Technology & Communication in the government of Algerian Prime Minister Abdelmalek Sellal on 1 May 2015. She is also a professor of physics at the University of Tlemcen, a post she has held in various capacities since 2006. She holds a PhD in physics from the University Djillali Liabès of Sidi Bel Abbès and a PhD in mechanical engineering from the University of Technology of Belfort-Montbéliard.

In 2021 she was sentenced to prison for embezzlement.

Abdelmalek Sellal
Abdelmalek Sellal (born 1 August 1948) is an Algerian politician who was Prime Minister of Algeria from 3 September 2012 to 13 March 2014 when he took a leave of office to support President Abdelaziz Bouteflika's re-election campaign and again from April 2014 to May 2017.
Saleh al-Abdullah
Saleh al-Abdullah (Arabic: صالح العبدالله; born 1967), nicknamed The Lion, is a Syrian former military officer who had served as commander of the 25th Special Mission Forces Division, an elite special forces unit formerly known as the Tiger Forces, from April 2024 until the fall of the Assad regime. He previously served as commander of the 30th Division from 2022 to 2024, head of the Security and Military Committee in Aleppo from 2023 to 2024, and commander of the Russian-affiliated 16th Brigade since 2020.

He began his military career in the 1980s, serving in the 7th Division upon graduating from Homs Military Academy. Upon the outbreak of the Syrian civil war in 2011, he participated in storming operations in Daraa and Hama Governorate. In 2015, he was promoted to assistant of Suhayl al-Hasan and as Operations Officer of the Tiger Forces, overseeing its troop deployment throughout various campaigns, such as during Operation Northern Storm and the Dawn of Idlib offensive.

7th Mechanized Division (Syria)
The 7th Mechanized Division (Arabic: فرقة المشاة الآلية السابعة) was a mechanized infantry division of the Syrian Arab Army. It was established in 1970. The division was part of the Syrian Army's 1st Corps.
Kangar union
Kangar union was a Turkic state in the territory of the entire modern Kazakhstan without Zhetysu. The ethnic name Kangar is an early medieval name for the Kangly/Uyghur] people, who are now part of the Uyghur, Kazakh, Uzbek, and Karakalpak nations. The capital of the Kangar union was located in the Ulytau mountains. The Pechenegs, three of whose tribes were known as Kangar (Greek: Καγγαρ), after being defeated by the Oghuz, Karluks, and Kimek-Kypchaks, attacked the Bulgars and joined with five other tribes & became the Pechenegs of Eastern Europe  (890–990 CE).

Jetisu
45°N 78°E﻿ / ﻿45°N 78°E﻿ / 45; 78

Jetisu (Kazakh: Жетісу, IPA: [(d)ʑetʰɪ̥sʊ́w]), also known as Semirechye (Russian: Семиречье, IPA: [sʲɪmʲɪˈrʲetɕje]) and Heptopotamia, is a historical region in Central Asia corresponding to the southeastern part of modern Kazakhstan.