hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Takyeh Dowlat
The Takyeh Dowlat (Persian: تکیه دولت, lit. 'State Takyeh') was a royal theater in Tehran, Iran. It was the most famous of all the ta'zieh performance spaces, for the Mourning of Muharram. It had a capacity for more than 4,000 people. Built in 1868 by the order of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar, south-east of the Golestan Palace on the site of the Síyáh-Chál, the royal theater's sumptuous magnificence surpassed that of Europe's greatest opera houses in the opinion of many Western visitors. Samuel Greene Wheeler Benjamin said on his first visit that it was comparable to Verona Arena.

According to Karim Pirnia, Hossein-Ali Mehrin was the architect of this building.

Golestan Palace
The Golestan Palace (Persian: کاخ گلستان, romanized: Kākh-e Golestān), is the former official royal Qajar complex in Tehran, Iran. One of the oldest historic monuments in the capital and a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Golestan Palace consists of a group of royal buildings that were once enclosed within the mud-thatched defensive walls of Tehran's citadel. It also houses vast gardens and a huge collection of Iranian and European crafts and gifts from the 18th to the 20th century.
German smear
German smear, sometimes called German schmear, is a grouting technique applying mortar between and over the faces of stones. It was first introduced in Germany in the 1500s as a way to finish walls made of brick and stone.

In contrast to limewash and whitewash, German smear uses mortar instead of paint and creates a thick, textured coating on the brick that does not breathe or patina over time, giving a permanently rustic look rather than a naturally aging finish.

Grout
Grout is a dense substance that flows like a liquid yet hardens upon application, often used to fill gaps or to function as reinforcement in existing structures.  Grout is generally a mixture of water, cement, and sand, and is frequently employed in efforts such as pressure grouting, embedding rebar in masonry walls, connecting sections of precast concrete, filling voids, and sealing joints such as those between tiles. Common uses for grout in the household include filling in tiles of shower floors and kitchen tiles. It is often color tinted when it has to be kept visible and sometimes includes fine gravel when being used to fill large spaces (such as the cores of concrete blocks). Unlike other structural pastes such as plaster or joint compound, correctly mixed and applied grout forms a water-resistant seal.
Moturemu Island
Moturemu Island is an island located in the Kaipara Harbour in the Auckland Region, New Zealand, southwest of Tauhoa and southeast of the Okahukura Peninsula. The island has a long history of occupation by Tāmaki Māori, and is an important site for Ngāti Whātua o Kaipara, who since 2013 have owned the island.

Tāmaki Māori
Tāmaki Māori are Māori iwi and hapū (tribes and sub-tribes) who have a strong connection to Tāmaki Makaurau (the Auckland Region), and whose rohe was traditionally within the region. Among Ngā Mana Whenua o Tāmaki Makaurau (the Māori tribes of Auckland), also known as the Tāmaki Collective, there are thirteen iwi and hapū, organised into three rōpū (collectives), however Tāmaki Māori can also refer to subtribes and historical iwi not included in this list.
Senegalia pennata
Senegalia pennata (English: climbing wattle, Vietnamese: rau thối, Thai: ชะอม cha-om, Northeastern Thai: ผักขา phak kha, Northern Thai: ผักหละ phak la, Burmese: ဆူးပုပ်, pronounced [sʰúboʊʔ]; Khmer: ស្អំ; Meiteilon : khang, Thadou-Kuki: khang-khu, Paite Language: Khangkhuh, Mizo: Khanghu, Hmar: khanghmuk,Vaiphei: Khangkhu, Biate: khang-hu, Malay: petai duri or petai siam), is a species of plant which is native to South and Southeast Asia. It is a shrub or small tropical tree which grows up to 5 metres (16 ft) in height. Its leaves are bipinnate with linear-oblong and glabrous pinnules. Its yellowish flowers are terminal panicles with globose heads. The pods are thin, flat and long with thick sutures.

Hmar language
The Hmar language (Hmar: Khawsak Țawng) is a Northern Mizo language spoken by the Hmar people of Northeast India. It belongs to the Kuki-Chin branch of this language family. Speakers of Hmar often use Mizo as their second language.

The language has official status in some regions and is used in education to varying degrees.
Merely Mary Ann
Merely Mary Ann a 1931 American pre-Code romantic comedy drama film starring Janet Gaynor and Charles Farrell. Gaynor and Farrell made almost a dozen films together, including Frank Borzage's classics 7th Heaven (1927), Street Angel (1928), and Lucky Star (1929); Gaynor won the first Academy Award for Best Actress for the first two and F. W. Murnau's Sunrise: A Song of Two Humans. The film, involving an orphan (Gaynor) and a flat-broke composer (Farrell), was written by Jules Furthman based upon Israel Zangwill's play of the same name and directed by Henry King.

Charles Farrell
Charles David Farrell (August 9, 1900 – May 6, 1990) was an American film actor whose height was in the 1920s and 1930s and the Mayor of Palm Springs from 1947 to 1955. Farrell was known for his onscreen romances with actress Janet Gaynor in more than a dozen films, including 7th Heaven, Street Angel, and Lucky Star. Later in life, he starred on TV in the 1950s sitcoms My Little Margie and played himself in The Charles Farrell Show. He was also among the early developers of Palm Springs.
Indy Champ
Indy Champ (Japanese: インディチャンプ, foaled 21 February 2015) is a former Japanese Thoroughbred racehorse. After winning his only start as a juvenile in 2017, he showed good form in the following year when he won three races and finished third in the Mainichi Hai. He emerged as a top-class performer in 2019, winning the Tokyo Shimbun Hai in February and going to take both of Japan's open age Grade 1 mile races, the Yasuda Kinen and the Mile Championship. In the following years, he won the Yomiuri Milers Cup and was placed in both the Yasuda Kinen and the Mile Championship.

Stay Gold (horse)
Stay Gold (ステイゴールド, Hong Kong name: 黃金旅程, March 24, 1994 – February 5, 2015) was a Japanese Thoroughbred racehorse who had his greatest success in international races. He was sired by Sunday Silence and was out of the mare Golden Sash, a daughter of Dictus. He was famously known as a "Silver Collector", as he often placed second but was unable to win in major grade 1 races. He was later given the nickname of "Godolphin Killer" after he notably won both the Dubai Sheema Classic and Hong Kong Vase towards the end of his career. In both races, he defeated notable Godolphin horses, Fantastic Light and Ekraar respectively. He also became a successful sire in Japan after his retirement from racing.
Chloe Sims
Chloe Linda Daisy Margaret Sims (born 2 November 1981) is an English television personality. From 2011 to 2021, she appeared in the ITVBe reality series The Only Way Is Essex. Following her exit, she has gone on to appear in Celebrity Karaoke Club (2022) and fronted a reality show, House of Sims (2023), alongside her relatives.

ITVBe
ITVBe was a British free-to-air television channel owned by ITV plc. Launched on 8 October 2014, the channel was positioned as a spin-off of ITV2 targeting a female audience, focusing primarily upon reality and lifestyle programmes.

In April 2025, ITV announced that ITVBe would close and be replaced by ITV Quiz. ITVBe closed on 9 June 2025, and ITV Quiz launched the same day.
Christian Medical College, Ludhiana
Christian Medical College Ludhiana, widely known as CMC Ludhiana, is a private, Christian minority-run teaching hospital and medical school in Ludhiana, India.

Founded in 1894, it was then the first medical school for women in Asia. In 1994, the world's first total face replant surgery was performed in the medical college by Abraham Thomas. First surgical research hub of India is also set up in the medical college in 2019 by National Institute for Health and Care Research. CMC Ludhiana became the first educational institution to launch telemedicine consultation with the Cleveland Clinic in 2020. The college is also the first World Health Organization designated Collaborating Centre (WHO CC) for stroke in the world.

Affiliated to Baba Farid University of Health Sciences Faridkot, it offers degrees in all major postgraduate and doctoral services along with various graduate courses in medical, dental, nursing and allied health sciences.

National Institute for Health and Care Research
The National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) is the British government's major funder of clinical, public health, social care and translational research. With a budget of over £1.2 billion in 2020–21, its mission is to "improve the health and wealth of the nation through research". The NIHR was established in 2006 under the government's Best Research for Best Health strategy, and is funded by the Department of Health and Social Care. As a research funder and research partner of the NHS, public health and social care, the NIHR complements the work of the Medical Research Council. NIHR focuses on translational research (translating discoveries from the laboratory to the clinic), clinical research and applied health and social care research.
Jerome O'Shea
Jerome O'Shea (1931 – 6 December 2018) was an Irish Gaelic footballer who played as a right corner-back for club side St Mary's, divisional side South Kerry, at inter-county level with the Kerry senior football team and at inter-provincial level with Munster. He was the father of Irish rugby union coach and former international rugby player Conor O'Shea.

South Kerry GAA
South Kerry is a division of Kerry GAA. The South Kerry division consists of club teams. It is primarily known for Gaelic football, though some hurling is also played. The division fields teams in the Kerry Senior Football Championship, Kerry Minor Football Championship, and Kerry Under-21 Football Championship.
Niðhad
King Niðhad, Níðuðr, Niðungr or Niduth was a cruel king in Germanic legend. 
He appears as Níðuðr in the Old Norse Völundarkviða, as Niðung in the Þiðrekssaga, and as Niðhad in the Anglo-Saxon poems Deor and Waldere.

The legend of Níðuðr and Wayland also appears on the Gotlandic Ardre image stone VIII from the 8th century and possibly on the front panel of the 7th century Anglo-Saxon Franks Casket. However, Austin Simmons has recently argued that it is not Niðhad who is depicted, but his daughter Beadohilde (twice).

Waldere
"Waldere" or "Waldhere" is the conventional title given to two Old English fragments, of around 32 and 31 lines, from a lost epic poem, discovered in 1860 by E. C. Werlauff, Librarian, in the Danish Royal Library at Copenhagen, where it is still preserved. The parchment pages had been reused as stiffening in the binding of an Elizabethan prayer book, which had presumably come to Europe following the Dissolution of the Monasteries in England in the 16th century.
The Ice Rink
The Ice Rink (French: La Patinoire) is a 1998 comedy film written and directed by Jean-Philippe Toussaint. It stars Tom Novembre, Mireille Perrier, Dolores Chaplin, Marie-France Pisier, Jean-Pierre Cassel, Gilbert Melki, and Bruce Campbell.

Marie-France Pisier
Marie-France Pisier (10 May 1944 – 24 April 2011) was a French actress, screenwriter, and director. She appeared in numerous films of the French New Wave, and twice earned the national César Award for Best Supporting Actress.
Zoe Williams (physician)
Zoe Marie Williams (born 3 April 1980) is an English television personality. Trained and practising as a physician, Williams rose to media prominence as Amazon in the UK television series Gladiators. Williams had previously played rugby, appearing with the Blaydon Women's Rugby Football Club in the Premiership Division.

Gladiators (2008 British TV series)
Gladiators is a British television series which aired on Sky One from 11 May 2008 to 25 October 2009. It was a revival of the earlier series of the same name and based on the second American version of the show. The US, UK and Australian versions of the show were all revived in 2008.

For the first series, the show was hosted by Ian Wright and Kirsty Gallacher with original referee John Anderson returning. The second series saw Caroline Flack replace Gallacher as host and Anderson replaced by boxing referee John Coyle.

During its original airing on Sky One, it was sponsored by Wii.

The show was cancelled in May 2009 by then director of programmes Stuart Murphy. On 13 January 2024, a second revival started broadcasting on BBC One and BBC iPlayer, presented by Bradley Walsh alongside his son Barney.
Conscientious objection in Switzerland
Conscientious objection in Switzerland refers to the refusal to perform obligatory military service on grounds of conscience. The practice is grounded in article 18 of the Federal Constitution of Switzerland, inscribed in 1874, though conscientious objection has been documented in the Swiss Confederation since the Late Middle Ages. Until 1927, conscientious objection was treated as desertion and severely punished. Today, Switzerland recognizes both military and alternative civilian service as legitimate options for those called to serve.

Military justice in Switzerland
Swiss Military Justice is the specialized judicial authority responsible for the prosecution and adjudication of military criminal matters in Switzerland. It handles approximately 2,000 criminal proceedings annually.

It is governed by the Military Criminal Code, enacted on 13 June 1927.
Eugen Wiedmaier
Eugen Wiedmaier (16 November 1900 – 14 March 1940) was a German political activist and party official (KPD) who engaged in anti-fascist resistance after 1933. Following six years in solitary confinement, he died while detained at the main penitentiary in Ludwigsburg, during the first part of 1940. The death was reported as a suicide.

Ludwigsburg
Ludwigsburg (German pronunciation: [ˈluːtvɪçsˌbʊʁk] ⓘ) is a city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) north of Stuttgart city centre, near the river Neckar. It is the largest and primary city of the Ludwigsburg district with about 94,000 inhabitants. It is situated within the Stuttgart Region, and the district is part of the administrative region (Regierungsbezirk) of Stuttgart.
Potassium alum
Potassium alum, potash alum, or potassium aluminium sulfate is a chemical compound defined as the double sulfate of potassium and aluminium, with chemical formula KAl(SO4)2.  It is commonly encountered as the dodecahydrate, KAl(SO4)2·12H2O. It crystallizes in an octahedral structure in neutral solution and cubic structure in an alkali solution with space group Pa3 and lattice parameter of 12.18 Å. The compound is the most important member of the generic class of compounds called alums, and is often called simply alum.

Potassium alum is commonly used in water purification, leather tanning, dyeing, fireproof textiles, and baking powder as E number E522. It also has cosmetic uses as a deodorant, as an aftershave treatment and as a styptic for minor bleeding from shaving.

Leather
Leather is a strong, flexible and durable material obtained from the tanning, or chemical treatment, of animal skins and hides to prevent decay. The most common leathers come from cattle, sheep, goats, equine animals, buffalo, pigs and hogs, ostriches, and aquatic animals such as seals and alligators.

Leather can be used to make a variety of items, including clothing, footwear, handbags, furniture, tools and sports equipment, and lasts for decades. Leather making has been practiced for more than 7,000 years and the leading producers of leather today are China and India.

Critics of tanneries claim that they engage in unsustainable practices that pose health hazards to the people and the environment near them.
Rosette C. Lamont
Rosette Clementine Lamont (February 15, 1927 – January 5, 2012) was an American theater critic. She was author of The Two Faces of Ionesco (1978) and Ionesco’s Imperatives (1993), as well as English-language translator of Charlotte Delbo's memoirs Auschwitz and After. She was also a full professor at Queens College and CUNY Graduate Center before moving to Sarah Lawrence College.

Sarah Lawrence College
Sarah Lawrence College (SLC) is a private liberal arts college in Yonkers, New York, United States. Founded as a women's college in 1926, Sarah Lawrence College has been coeducational since 1968. The college's campus in Yonkers maintains a Bronxville mailing address and sits roughly 20 miles from New York City. In athletics, the Sarah Lawrence Gryphons compete in the Skyline Conference of the NCAA Division III.
Turija (Bujanovac)
Turija (Serbian Cyrillic: Турија, Albanian: Turi) is a village in the municipality of Bujanovac, Serbia. According to the 2020 census, the town has a population of 400 people. Of these, 395 (98,75 %) were ethnic Albanians, 4 (1,0 %) were Serbs, and 1 (0,25 %) other.

Bujanovac
Bujanovac (Serbian Cyrillic: Бујановац, pronounced [bǔjanɔvats]; Albanian: Bujanoc) is a town and municipality located in the Pčinja District of southern Serbia. As of the 2022 census, the municipality has a population of 41,068.

Situated in the South Morava basin, it is located in the geographical area known as Preševo Valley. It is also known for its source of mineral water and spa town Bujanovačka banja. Ethnically, Serbs are the largest ethnic group in the town, while the largest ethnic group in the municipality are Albanians.
Catholic hamartiology
Catholic hamartiology is a branch of Catholic thought that studies sin. According to the Catholic Church, sin is an "utterance, deed, or desire", caused by concupiscence, that offends God, reason, truth, and conscience. The church believes sin is the greatest evil and has the worst consequences for the sinner (original sin and damnation), the world (human misery and environmental destruction), and the Catholic Church itself (Passion of Jesus and wounds to the church's unity). Based on the Bible, the Catholic Church distinguishes between two kinds of sins: mortal sin and venial sin. The Catholic Church also distinguishes between the state of being in original sin and the commission of actual sin.

Concupiscence
Concupiscence (from Late Latin concupīscentia, from the Latin verb concupīscere, from con-, "with", here an intensifier, + cupere, "to desire" + -scere, a verb-forming suffix denoting beginning of a process or state) is an ardent longing, typically one that is sensual. In Christianity, particularly in  Catholic and Lutheran theology, concupiscence is the tendency of humans to sin.

There are nine occurrences of concupiscence in the Douay-Rheims Bible and three occurrences in the King James Bible.  It is also one of the English translations of the Koine Greek epithumia (ἐπιθυμία), which occurs 39 times in the New Testament.

Involuntary sexual arousal is explored in the Confessions of Augustine, wherein he used the term "concupiscence" to refer to sinful lust.
Małgorzata Glinka-Mogentale
Małgorzata Glinka-Mogentale (born 30 September 1978) is a Polish retired volleyball player. She was a member of Poland women's national volleyball team in 1997–2014, a participant of the Olympic Games Beijing 2008, double European Champion (2003, 2005), and a gold medalist of Polish, French, Spanish and Turkish national championships.

Poland women's national volleyball team
The Poland women's national volleyball team (Polish: Reprezentacja Polski w piłce siatkowej kobiet) represents Poland in international volleyball competition. The team is controlled by the Polish Volleyball Federation (Polski Związek Piłki Siatkowej, PZPS), the governing body for volleyball in Poland, which represents the country in international competitions and friendly matches.

Poland's greatest achievements to date have been winning bronze medals at the 1964 and the 1968 Summer Olympics, silver medal at the 1952 World Championship as well as gold medals at the 2003 and the 2005 European Championship.

The Polish national team is ranked 4th in the FIVB world ranking as of as of 10 September 2025.
POSCO India
POSCO India Private Limited (commonly POSCO India or Posco-India) is an Indian subsidiary of Korean conglomerate POSCO.

Its parent company POSCO signed a memorandum of understanding in June 2005 with the state government of Odisha to construct a $12 billion steel plant. Various regulatory delays and controversies prevented the company from starting construction. The memorandum expired in June 2011, and as of April 2012, it has not been renewed. Apart from Odisha, POSCO India has project sites in the Karnataka and Maharashtra states.

Steel mill
A steel mill or steelworks is an industrial plant for the manufacture of steel. It may be an integrated steel works carrying out all steps of steelmaking from smelting iron ore to rolled product, but may also be a plant where steel semi-finished casting products are made from molten pig iron or from scrap.
Bakhawan Eco-Park
The Bakhawan Eco-Park is a 220 hectares (540 acres) mangrove forest located in Kalibo, Aklan, Philippines. The mangrove reforestation project started in 1990 when the local government and several non-government organizations transformed the muddy shoreline of Barangay New Buswang into a mangrove reforestation site to prevent flood and storm surges in the community. The park is dubbed as the Philippines' most successful mangrove reforestation project. The Eco-park is operated by the Kalibo Save the Mangroves Association (KASAMA). The word "bakhawan", in the local dialect, means "mangrove".

Aklan
Aklan, officially the Province of Aklan, is a province in the Western Visayas region of the Philippines. Its capital and largest town is Kalibo. The province is situated in the northwest portion of Panay Island, bordering Antique to the southwest, and Capiz to the southeast. Aklan faces the Sibuyan Sea and Romblon province to the north.

Aklan is most well-known for Boracay, a resort island 0.8 kilometers north of the tip of Panay. It is known for its white sand beaches and is considered one of the more prominent destinations in the country. The Ati-Atihan Festival of Kalibo has also been known worldwide, hence declared "The Mother of all Philippine Festivals." It is an annual celebration held on the third Sunday of January to honor the Santo Niño (Infant Jesus). The festival showcases tribal dancing through the town's main streets to the tune of ethnic music, with participants in indigenous costumes and gear.
Jett Howard
Jett Howard (born September 14, 2003) is an American professional basketball player for the Orlando Magic of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played the 2022–23 season for Michigan in college, before being selected in the first round of the 2023 NBA draft. He is the son of former NCAA All-American, NBA All-Star and NBA champion Juwan Howard (his coach at Michigan) and has three older brothers who play or played NCAA Division I college basketball.

In high school, he won a Florida High School Athletic Association (FHSAA) Class 5A State championship as a freshman at NSU University School. As a junior he transferred to IMG Academy, where the team made back to back runs to the high school national final four. He was both a Jordan Brand Classic and an Iverson Roundball Classic honoree/participant.

Moussa Diabaté
Moussa Diabaté (/ˈmuːsə ˌdiːəˈbɑːteɪ/ MOO-sə DEE-ə-BAH-tay, French pronunciation: [musa di.abate]; born 21 January 2002) is a French professional basketball player for the Charlotte Hornets of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Michigan Wolverines. Diabaté was a consensus five-star recruit and one of the top centers in the 2021 class.