hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
9th Missouri Infantry Regiment
The 9th Missouri Infantry Regiment (originally Clark's Missouri Infantry) was an infantry regiment that served in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War.  The unit was formed on November 16, 1862, and was originally commanded by Colonel John Bullock Clark Jr.  At the Battle of Prairie Grove on December 7, 1862, the regiment was officially in Brigadier General John S. Roane's brigade, although it served with Brigadier General Mosby M. Parsons' brigade for most of the battle.  After spending the summer of 1863 harassing Union Navy shipping on the Mississippi River, the regiment was reorganized, with elements of an Arkansas unit being replaced with the 8th Missouri Infantry Battalion.  After the reorganization, the regiment fought in the Battle of Pleasant Hill and the Battle of Jenkins' Ferry in April 1864.  On June 7, 1865, the men of the regiment were paroled; they would eventually be sent back to Missouri via steamboat.

Union navy
The Union navy is used to describe the United States Navy (USN) during the American Civil War, when it fought the Confederate States Navy (CSN). The term is sometimes used to describe vessels of war used on the rivers of the interior under the control of the Union army.
Ismail Pasha al-Azm
Ismail Pasha al-Azm was an Ottoman statesman who served as the governor of Damascus and amir al-hajj in 1725–1730. Prior to this post he served as the agha (local commander) of Ma'arrat al-Nu'man and steadily moved up the ranks to become the governor of the districts of Ma'arrat al-Nu'man, Hama and Homs in 1719 and then governor of  Tripoli in 1721 before being assigned to the Damascus governorship.

His consistent promotion was attributed to his successes in restoring order to the Syrian countryside after a period of high instability, protecting Syria's farmlands from Bedouin raids and ensuring the safety of the annual Hajj pilgrim caravan to Mecca. Although he was deposed from the governorship in 1730, he established his family, al-Azm, as a major political household in Syria whose members were frequently appointed as the governors of the Damascus, Tripoli and Sidon provinces and who often served longer than typical terms.

Agha (title)
Agha (Turkish: ağa; Ottoman Turkish: آغا; Persian: آقا, romanized: āghā; "chief, master, lord") is an honorific title for a civilian or officer, or often part of such title. In the Ottoman times, some court functionaries and leaders of organizations like bazaar or the janissary units were entitled to the agha title. In rural communities, this term is used for people who own considerable lands and are influential in their community. Regardless of a rural community, this title is also used for any man who is influential or respected.
Karel Frankenstein
Karel Frankenstein (19 April 1897 – 11 February 1954) was a Czech sprinter and middle-distance runner. Domestically, he represented Sparta Prague. He then competed as an athlete for Czechoslovakia at the 1920 Summer Olympics.

At the games, he competed in the men's 400 metres and men's 800 metres, though did not advance further from the heats. After the games, he became the national champion in the men's 800 metres and 4 × 400 metres relay.

Athletics at the 1920 Summer Olympics – Men's 400 metres
The men's 400 metres event was part of the track and field athletics programme at the 1920 Summer Olympics. The competition was held on Thursday, August 19, 1920, and on Friday, August 20, 1920. 37 runners from 16 nations competed. No nation had more than 4 runners, suggesting the limit had been reduced from the 12 maximum in force in 1908 and 1912. The event was won by Bevil Rudd of South Africa, the nation's first title (and first medal) in the event. Nils Engdahl's bronze was Sweden's first medal in the 400 metres.
Jägerstab
The Jägerstab (Fighter Staff) was a Nazi German governmental task force whose aim was to increase production of fighter aircraft during World War II. Established in March 1944, it was composed of government and SS personnel, as well as representatives of the aircraft manufacturers. The task force played a key role in the Emergency Fighter Program, including the "people's fighter" Heinkel He 162.

The Jägerstab increased the exploitation of slave labour for the benefit of Germany's industry and its air force, the Luftwaffe. It was one of the impetuses for the deportation of Hungarian Jews to Auschwitz, so that the able-bodied Jews could be used for aircraft production.

Emergency Fighter Program
The Emergency Fighter Program (German: Jägernotprogramm) was the program that resulted from a decision taken on July 3, 1944 by the Luftwaffe regarding the German aircraft manufacturing companies during the last year of the Third Reich.

This project was one of the products of the latter part of 1944, when the Luftwaffe High Command saw that there was a dire need for a strong defense against Allied bombing raids. Although opposed by important figures such as Luftwaffe fighter force leader Adolf Galland, the project went ahead owing to the backing of Reichsmarschall Hermann Göring. Most of the designs of the Emergency Fighter Program never proceeded past the project stage.
Skindergade 6
Skindergade 6 is an 18th-century property situated on Skindergade, off the shopping street Købmagergade, in the Old Town of Copenhagen, Denmark. It was listed in the Danish registry of protected buildings and places in 1950. Former residents include the later Governor-General of the Danish West Indies Peter von Scholten, composer Hardenack Otto Conrad Zinck, linguist Rasmus Rask and clockmaker and politician Henrik Kyhl. Skindhuset, a retailer of leather products, is based in the building.

Rasmus Rask
Rasmus Kristian Rask (Danish: [ˈʁɑsmus ˈkʰʁestjæn ˈʁɑsk]; born Rasmus Christian Nielsen Rasch; 22 November 1787 – 14 November 1832) was a Danish linguist and philologist. He wrote several grammars and worked on comparative phonology and morphology. Rask traveled extensively to study languages, first to Iceland, where he wrote the first grammar of Icelandic, and later to Russia, Persia, India, and Ceylon (now Sri Lanka). Shortly before his death, he was hired as professor of Eastern languages at the University of Copenhagen. Rask is especially known for his contributions to comparative linguistics, including an early formulation of what would later be known as Grimm's Law. He was elected as a member to the American Philosophical Society in 1829.
Haynsworth inertia additivity formula
In mathematics, the Haynsworth inertia additivity formula, discovered by Emilie Virginia Haynsworth (1916–1985), concerns the number of positive, negative, and zero eigenvalues of a Hermitian matrix and of block matrices into which it is partitioned.

The inertia of a Hermitian matrix H is defined as the ordered triple

whose components are respectively the numbers of positive, negative, and zero eigenvalues of H.  Haynsworth considered a partitioned Hermitian matrix

where H11 is nonsingular and H12* is the conjugate transpose of H12.  The formula states:

where H/H11 is the Schur complement of H11 in H:

Invertible matrix
In linear algebra, an invertible matrix (non-singular, non-degenerate or regular) is a square matrix that has an inverse. In other words, if a matrix is invertible, it can be multiplied by its inverse matrix to yield the identity matrix. Invertible matrices are the same size as their inverse.

The inverse of a matrix represents the inverse operation, meaning if a matrix is applied to a particular vector, followed by applying the matrix's inverse, the result is the original vector.
Sean Hesketh
Sean Hesketh (born (1986-08-17)17 August 1986) is an Ireland international rugby league footballer who last played for Hunslet in Kingstone Press League 1. He plays as a prop.

He played at representative level for Ireland, and at club level for Hunslet.  He has previously played for  Doncaster, Featherstone Rovers, York City Knights, Halifax, Oxford, Batley and Keighley Cougars as a prop.

Hunslet R.L.F.C.
Hunslet R.L.F.C. is a professional rugby league club in Beeston, Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. They play home games at South Leeds Stadium and compete in Championship, the second tier of British rugby league.

The club was formed as a Phoenix club after the original Hunslet club folded.
Shelton Martis
Shelton Demetrio Martis (born 29 November 1982) is a Curaçaoan former professional footballer who played as a defender.

He began his career at Excelsior and FC Eindhoven in the Dutch Eerste Divisie before spending a season at Darlington. He then moved to Hibernian of the Scottish Premier League in 2006, winning the Scottish League Cup in his only season. Martis then signed for West Bromwich Albion for £50,000 and became the first Curaçaoan to play in the Premier League. After three and a half years at Doncaster Rovers, and a season at Osotspa Saraburi in the Thai Premier League, he returned to the Netherlands with SteDoCo.

Martis played three matches for the Netherlands Antilles in 2008. After a territorial reorganisation, he represented Curaçao.

Thai League 1
The Thai League (Thai: ไทยลีก, pronounced as ไท-หลีก) or Thai League 1 (Thai: ไทยลีก 1, pronounced as ไท-หลีก-หนึ่ง), often referred to as T1, is the highest level of the Thai football league system. Contested by 16 clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with Thai League 2. Seasons typically run from August to May, with each team playing 30 games: two against each other team, one home and one away. It is sponsored by BYD Auto and therefore officially known as the BYD Sealion 6 League I. In the Thai League, most games are played on Saturday and Sunday evenings, occasionally being played on Wednesday and Friday evening fixtures.
Leeuw
Leeuw is Dutch for lion. It occurs as a surname, most commonly in the form of De Leeuw ("the lion"; 9,814 people in the Netherlands in 2007 and 2,211 in Belgium in 1998). "De Leeuw",  “Leeuw” (873 & 34 people) and Van der Leeuw (765 & 9 people) are thought to mostly be toponymic surnames, with the first bearers named "(from) the Lion" after a house, windmill or farm with that name. The more common surname Van Leeuwen has a distinct origin in the small town of Leeuwen and perhaps in the city of Leuven.

Leeuwen
Leeuwen is a former municipality consisting two villages of Beneden-Leeuwen and Boven-Leeuwen, now in the municipality of West Maas en Waal, in the Dutch province of Gelderland .

Leeuwen was a separate municipality until 1818, when it was merged with Wamel.
Terenci Miñana i Andrés
Terenci Miñana i Andrés, el Xiquet de Simat (the boy from Simat) (Simat de la Valldigna, 1884–1954) was a Valencian pilota player during the first decades of the 20th century.

He was a pupil of Nel de Murla, who discovered him in 1902 during a match, and presented him in the Pelayo trinquet of Valencia. Both, Nel as escalater and the Xiquet as mitger, were the best couple of the Valencian pilota at the beginning of the 20th century, since they were outstanding in any category of Valencian pilota. They were also the ones who began to play the Escala i corda.

He retired in 1918, in good condition. He came back some years later, but then he played as punter or as feridor. In 1928 he became the manager of the Pelayo trinquet.

Pelayo trinquet
39°28′1.42″N 0°22′43.81″W﻿ / ﻿39.4670611°N 0.3788361°W﻿ / 39.4670611; -0.3788361

The Pelayo trinquet (Valencian: trinquet de Pelayo) is one of the most renowned trinquets courts of the Valencian pilota sport in Valencia. The most important Escala i corda competitions, such as the Circuit Bancaixa, have their final matches played there.
Rock mass classification
Rock mass classification systems are used for various engineering design and stability analysis. These are based on empirical relations between rock mass parameters and engineering applications, such as tunnels, slopes, foundations, and excavatability. The first rock mass classification system in geotechnical engineering was proposed in 1946 for tunnels with steel set support.

Geotechnical engineering
Geotechnical engineering, also known as geotechnics, is the branch of civil engineering concerned with the engineering behavior of earth materials. It uses the principles of soil mechanics and rock mechanics to solve its engineering problems. It also relies on knowledge of geology, hydrology, geophysics, and other related sciences.

Geotechnical engineering has applications in military engineering, mining engineering, petroleum engineering, coastal engineering, and offshore construction. The fields of geotechnical engineering and engineering geology have overlapping knowledge areas. However, while geotechnical engineering is a specialty of civil engineering, engineering geology is a specialty of geology.
Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome
Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome (SRUS or SRU) is a chronic disorder of the rectal mucosa (the lining of the rectum). Symptoms are variable. There may be bleeding, obstructed defecation, or no symptoms at all. Very often but not always SRUS occurs in association with varying degrees of rectal prolapse. The condition may be caused by different factors, such as long term constipation, straining during defecation, and dyssynergic defecation (anismus). Treatment is by normalization of bowel habits, biofeedback, and other non-surgical measures. In more severe cases, various surgical procedures may be indicated. The condition is relatively rare, affecting approximately 1 in 100,000 people per year. It affects mainly adults aged 30–50. Females are affected slightly more often than males. The disorder can be confused clinically with rectal cancer or other conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, even when a biopsy is done.

Inflammatory bowel disease
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of inflammatory conditions of the colon and small intestine, with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (UC) being the principal types. Crohn's disease affects the small intestine and large intestine, as well as the mouth, esophagus, stomach and the anus, whereas UC primarily affects the colon and the rectum.
Dakshina Kosala
Dakshina Kosala (IAST: Dakṣiṇa Kosala, "southern Kosala") is a historical region of central India. It was located in what is now Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh along with some parts of Western Odisha. At its greatest extent, it may have also included a part of the Vidarbha region in present-day Maharashtra.

Its capitals at various times included Bhadravati, Sirpur (ancient Shripura), Tuman (ancient Tummana), and Ratanpur (ancient Ratnapura).

Sirpur, Mahasamund
Sirpur is a village in Mahasamund district in the state of Chhattisgarh 35 km from Mahasamund city and 78 km away from Raipur on the banks of the river Mahanadi.

Sirpur was capital of Panduvanshi dynasty in ancient times. The village hosts the Sirpur Group of Monuments consisting of Buddhist, Hindu and Jain temples and monasteries. These are dated from the 5th to 12th century.
Takin' It 2 the Next Level
Takin' It 2 the Next Level is an album by the jazz group the World Saxophone Quartet released by the Canadian Justin Time label. The album features performances by Hamiet Bluiett, John Purcell, Oliver Lake and David Murray, with a rhythm section of Don Blackman, Calvin X Jones and Ronnie Burrage.

David Murray (saxophonist)
David Keith Murray (born February 19, 1955) is an American jazz saxophonist and composer who performs mostly on tenor and bass clarinet. He has recorded prolifically for many record labels since the mid-1970s. He lives in New York City.
Mercedes W14
The Mercedes-AMG F1 W14 E Performance, commonly referred to as the Mercedes W14, is a Formula One racing car designed and constructed by the Mercedes-AMG Petronas Formula One Team that competed in the 2023 Formula One World Championship. The W14 was driven by 7-time Formula One World Champion Lewis Hamilton and George Russell, who completed his second full season with the team. The W14 became Mercedes' first winless car since 2011's MGP W02.

Mercedes W13
The Mercedes-AMG F1 W13 E Performance, commonly known as the Mercedes W13, is a Formula One racing car designed and constructed by the Mercedes-AMG Petronas Formula One Team to compete in the 2022 Formula One World Championship.

The car was driven by Lewis Hamilton and George Russell, the latter racing his first season with the team. The team’s reserve driver was Nyck de Vries, who usually drove in Formula E for the Mercedes-EQ Formula E Team. The chassis was Mercedes's first car built for the new ground effect technical regulations introduced in 2022, and the first Mercedes car not to win the World Constructors' Championship since 2013.
Jonathan Mitchell (writer)
Jonathan Mitchell (born September 7, 1955) is an American author and autistic blogger who writes about autism including the neuroscience of the disorder and neurodiversity movement.  His novel The Mu Rhythm Bluff is about a 49-year-old autistic man who undergoes transcranial magnetic stimulation.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive neurostimulation technique in which a changing magnetic field is used to induce an electric current in a targeted area of the brain through electromagnetic induction. A device called a stimulator generates electric pulses that are delivered to a magnetic coil placed against the scalp. The resulting magnetic field penetrates the skull and induces a secondary electric current in the underlying brain tissue, modulating neural activity.

Medical devices delivering repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) provide safe and effective treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD), chronic pain, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).

Adverse effects of TMS appear rare and include fainting and seizure, which occur in roughly 0.1% of patients and are usually attributable to administration error.
Steve Ma
Stephen Ma Jingtao (Chinese: 馬景濤; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Má Kéng-tô; born 14 February 1962) is a Taiwanese actor best known for acting in many Taiwanese, mainland Chinese and Singaporean television series since the early 1990s. Most of the more notable television series he acted in are of the wuxia and historical drama genres. Some of his notable roles in television series include: Zhang Wuji in The Heaven Sword and Dragon Saber (1994); Lü Dongbin in Legend of the Eight Immortals (1999); Linghu Chong in The Legendary Swordsman (2000); Dorgon in Xiaozhuang Mishi (2002); Nurhaci in Taizu Mishi (2005); King Zhou of Shang in The Legend and the Hero (2007).

Lü Dongbin
Lü Dongbin was a Daoist scholar and poet who lived during the Tang dynasty in China, and whose lifetime supposedly spanned two hundred and twenty years. Elevated to the status of an immortal in the Chinese cultural sphere by Daoists, he is one of the most widely known of the group of deities known as the Eight Immortals. Lü is also a historical figure and mentioned in the official history book History of Song. He is widely considered to be one of the earliest masters of neidan, or internal alchemy. He is also depicted in art dressed as a scholar carrying a sword to dispel evil spirits.
Alabama State Route 289
State Route 289 (SR 289) is a 1.202-mile-long (1.934 km) route that serves as a connection between both SR 5/183 and SR 14 within Marion in Perry County. It is known as Washington Street and Fikes Ferry Access for its entire length.

Alabama State Route 183
State Route 183 (SR 183) is a 47.443-mile (76.352 km) state highway that serves as a north-south connection predominantly through Perry County. SR 183 intersects US 80 at its southern terminus in Uniontown and US 82 at its northern terminus in Chilton County.
Clareton
Clareton is a hamlet in North Yorkshire, England. Since the 24th of March 1888 it has shared a civil parish with the neighbouring village of Coneythorpe, to the southwest. Its name is said to come from the meeting place, a local hill, of the ancient Wapentake of Claro.

Unlike Coneythorpe, Clareton is recorded in the Domesday Book. In 1066 Clareton was worth £10, but by 1086 only £2 15s., with much of the land being waste following the Harrying of the North.

Until 1974 the hamlet was within the West Riding of Yorkshire, and, until 2023, Clareton was then part of the Borough of Harrogate. It is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.

Coneythorpe
Coneythorpe is a village in the civil parish of Coneythorpe and Clareton, in North Yorkshire, England. It is situated less than 1 mile (1.6 km) west from the A1(M) motorway. Until 1974 it was part of the West Riding of Yorkshire. From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the Borough of Harrogate, it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.

Coneythorpe was formerly a township in the parish of Goldsborough, in 1866 Coneythorpe became a separate civil parish, on 24 March 1888 the parish was abolished and merged with Clareton to form "Coneythorpe and Clareton". In 1881 the parish had a population of 79.

The Tiger Inn, the village pub, has been in its current position since the 19th century. After destructive fires in 2020 and 2023, it was bought and saved in 2024 by the Oglesby family, of nearby Goldsborough Hall.
Manithan (1987 film)
Manithan (transl. Human) is a 1987 Indian Tamil-language masala film directed by S. P. Muthuraman and produced by AVM Productions. The film stars Rajinikanth, Rupini and Raghuvaran, with Senthil, Delhi Ganesh and Srividya. It was released on 21 October 1987, and became a silver jubilee hit. A digitally remastered version was released on 11 October 2025

Silver jubilee
A silver jubilee marks a 25th anniversary. The anniversary celebrations can be of a wedding anniversary, the 25th year of a monarch's reign or anything that has completed or is entering a 25-year mark.
Geroldsbach
The Geroldsbach is a river of Tyrol, Austria.

It originates from five fan-like source streams near Axamer Lizum at 1,900 m (6,200 ft) (AA). It flows through Götzens where it changes its direction to northeast and passes through the district Neu-Götzens. It flows further through Wilten, a district of Innsbruck. Finally, it discharges in the district Sieglanger of Innsbruck into the Inn. The Geroldsbach has a length of 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) whereof 3.9 kilometres (2.4 mi) lie in the Innsbruck city area.

The Geroldsbach provides four water reservoirs for the region Götzens and two in Wilten with drinking water, which is mainly used for supplying the prisons Innsbruck and Sieglanger. As a result, the lower course carries slightly less water; it retains Grade A water quality throughout its entire course.

In the event of flooding or heavy rainfall, the river proved to be a danger several times, so it was straightened in places in the local areas.

Inn (river)
The Inn (German pronunciation: [ɪn] ⓘ; Latin: Aenus; Romansh: En) is a river in Switzerland, Austria and Germany. The 518 km (322 mi) long river is a right tributary of the Danube, being the third largest tributary of the Danube by discharge. The highest point of its drainage basin is the summit of Piz Bernina at 4,049 m (13,284 ft). The Engadine, the valley of the En, is the only Swiss valley whose waters end up in the Black Sea (via the Danube).
Desire in the Dust
Desire in the Dust is a 1960 American neo noir crime film released by the Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation, directed by William F. Claxton, produced by Robert L. Lippert and starring Raymond Burr, Martha Hyer and Joan Bennett. The screenplay was written by Charles Lang based on a novel by Harry Whittington.

Martha Hyer
Martha Hyer (August 10, 1924 – May 31, 2014) was an American actress who played Gwen French in Some Came Running (1958), for which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. Her autobiography, Finding My Way: A Hollywood Memoir, was published in 1990.