hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Multiple equilibria in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation
The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) is a large system of ocean currents, like a conveyor belt. It is driven by differences in temperature and salt content and it is an important component of the climate system. However, the AMOC is not a static feature of global circulation. It is sensitive to changes in temperature, salinity and atmospheric forcings. Climate reconstructions from δ18O proxies from Greenland reveal an abrupt transition in global temperature about every 1470 years. These changes may be due to changes in ocean circulation, which suggests that there are two equilibria possible in the AMOC. Stommel made a two-box model in 1961 which showed two different states of the AMOC are possible on a single hemisphere. Stommel’s result with an ocean box model has initiated studies using three dimensional ocean circulation models, confirming the existence of multiple equilibria in the AMOC.

Henry Stommel
Henry Melson Stommel (September 27, 1920 – January 17, 1992) was a major contributor to the field of physical oceanography. Beginning in the 1940s, he advanced theories about global ocean circulation patterns and the behavior of the Gulf Stream that form the basis of physical oceanography today. Widely recognized as one of the most influential and productive oceanographers of his time, Stommel was both a groundbreaking theoretician and an astute, seagoing observer.
Magistrato alle acque
The magistrato alle acque (lit. 'magistrate for the waters') was a collective magistracy of the Republic of Venice, responsible for water management in the Venetian Lagoon. It comprised a series of boards of magistrates established in the early 16th century, and existed until the Fall of the Republic of Venice in 1797. Between 1907 and 2014, the body was revived by the Italian state, with responsibilities extending over the entire Veneto and the Province of Mantua.

Province of Mantua
The province of Mantua (Italian: provincia di Mantova; Mantuan, Lower Mantuan: pruvincia ad Mantua; Upper Mantuan: pruinsa de Mantua) is a province in the Lombardy region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Mantua. It is bordered to the north-east by the province of Verona, to the east by the province of Rovigo, to the south by the province of Ferrara, province of Modena, province of Reggio Emilia, and province of Parma, to the west by the province of Cremona, and to the north-west by the province of Brescia.
Gerald Fried
Gerald Fried (February 13, 1928 – February 17, 2023) was an American composer, conductor, and oboist known for his film and television scores. He composed music for well-known television series of the 1960s and 1970s, including Mission: Impossible, Gilligan's Island, The Man from U.N.C.L.E., Shotgun Slade, Roots, and Star Trek. Early in his career, he collaborated with Stanley Kubrick, scoring several of his earliest films.

Fried was nominated for five Primetime Emmy Awards, winning once in 1977 for Roots, and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Score for the documentary Birds Do It, Bees Do It (1974).

Shotgun Slade
Shotgun Slade is an American western mystery television series starring Scott Brady that aired seventy-eight episodes in syndication from 1959 to 1961 Created by Frank Gruber, the stories were written by John Berardino, Charissa Hughes, and Martin Berkeley. The series was filmed in Hollywood by Revue Studios.

The pilot for Shotgun Slade aired earlier in 1959 on CBS's Schlitz Playhouse.
Shawn James (basketball)
Shawn Fitzalbert James (born September 10, 1983) is a Guyanese-American former professional basketball player. Standing at 6 ft 10 in (2.08 m), he played at the power forward and center positions. In 2010–11, he was the top rebounder in the Israel Basketball Premier League.  In 2013 he was the Israeli Basketball Premier League Defensive Player of the Year, and named to the All-EuroLeague Second Team.

Israeli Basketball Premier League Statistical Leaders
The Israeli Basketball Premier League Statistical Leaders, or Israeli Basketball Super League Statistical Leaders, are the stats leaders of the top-tier level men's professional club basketball league in Israel, the Israeli Premier Basketball League.
I Was an Ugly Girl
I Was an Ugly Girl (German: Ich war ein häßliches Mädchen) is a 1955 West German romantic comedy film directed by Wolfgang Liebeneiner and starring Sonja Ziemann, Dieter Borsche and Karlheinz Böhm. It is based on the 1937 novel of the same title by Annemarie Selinko. It was shot at the Spandau Studios in West Berlin. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Mathias Matthies and Ellen Schmidt.

Karlheinz Böhm
Karlheinz Böhm (16 March 1928 – 29 May 2014) was a German-born Austrian actor and philanthropist. He took part in 45 films and became well known in Austria and Germany for his role as Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria in the Sissi film trilogy and internationally for his role as Mark, the psychopathic protagonist of Peeping Tom, directed by Michael Powell. He was the founder of the trust Menschen für Menschen (“Humans for Humans”), which helps people in need in Ethiopia. He also received honorary Ethiopian citizenship in 2003.
Fric-Frac
Fric-Frac is a 1939 French comedy film directed by Maurice Lehmann and Claude Autant-Lara and starring Fernandel, Arletty and Michel Simon. It tells the story of Marcel, an assistant to a jeweller, who befriends a couple of criminals who want to use him as an accomplice to rob his boss. The film is based on a 1936 play by Édouard Bourdet. Filming took place in March and April 1939 at the Laboratoires et Studios Eclair in Épinay-sur-Seine. The film was released in France on 15 June 1939.

Fernandel
Fernand Joseph Désiré Contandin (French pronunciation: [fɛʁnɑ̃ ʒozɛf deziʁe kɔ̃tɑ̃dɛ̃]; 8 May 1903 – 26 February 1971), better known as Fernandel ([fɛʁnɑ̃dɛl]), was a French comic actor. Born in Marseille, France, to Désirée Bedouin and Denis Contandin, originating in Perosa Argentina, a town located in the province of Turin, Italy, he became a comedy star, first gaining popularity in French vaudeville, operettas, and music-hall revues. His stage name originated from his marriage to Henriette Manse, the sister of his best friend and frequent cinematic collaborator Jean Manse. So attentive was he to his wife that his mother-in-law amusingly referred to him as Fernand d'elle ("Fernand of her").
Saúl (footballer, born 1994)
Saúl Ñíguez Esclápez (born 21 November 1994), often known simply as Saúl, is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Campeonato Brasileiro Série A club Flamengo. A versatile player, he can also be deployed as a box-to-box midfielder or a left-back.

After coming through Atlético Madrid's youth academy, Saúl went on to appear in more than 300 competitive matches for the club. He also spent time on loan at fellow La Liga side Rayo Vallecano during the 2013–14 season and at Premier League club Chelsea in 2021–22.

Having represented Spain at various youth levels, Saúl helped the under-21 team finish second in the 2017 UEFA European Under-21 Championship, being top scorer in the process. He was selected by the senior team for the 2018 FIFA World Cup.

Rayo Vallecano
Rayo Vallecano de Madrid, S.A.D. (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈraʝo βaʎeˈkano ðe maˈðɾið]), often abbreviated to Rayo (Spanish for "thunderbolt"), is a Spanish professional football club based in the Puente de Vallecas district of Madrid. The club competes in La Liga, the top flight of Spanish football.

Founded on 29 May 1924, the club is known for its sociocultural tradition, recognized for representing the barrio-local culture and its working-class status. Its home matches have been played at the 14,708-capacity Campo de Fútbol de Vallecas stadium since 1976.

During its history, Rayo has spent 22 seasons in the top-flight, and has played in two European competitions, the UEFA Cup in the 2000–01 season and the 2025–26 UEFA Conference League. The club won the 2017–18 Segunda División. By historical performance, Rayo is the third best club in Community of Madrid, after Real Madrid and Atlético Madrid.
Quelqu'un que j'aime, quelqu'un qui m'aime
"Quelqu'un que j'aime, quelqu'un qui m'aime" (transl. "someone I love, someone who loves me") is a song by Canadian singer Celine Dion from her tenth studio album, Dion chante Plamondon (1991). It was written by Luc Plamondon and Erown, and produced by Jannick Top and Serge Perathoner. The song was released as the fourth promotional single in Quebec in August 1992. It topped the radio chart in Quebec for seven weeks and was nominated for the Félix Award for Most Popular Song of the Year.

Félix Award
The Félix Award (French: Trophée Félix or Prix Félix) is an award, given by the Association du disque, de l'industrie du spectacle québécois (ADISQ) on an annual basis to artists working in the music and humor industry in the Canadian province of Quebec.
549th Volksgrenadier Division
The 549th Volksgrenadier Division (German: 549. Volksgrenadier-Division) was a volksgrenadier infantry division of the German Army during World War II, active from 1944 to 1945. It was formed as the 549th Grenadier Division in July 1944 and became a volksgrenadier division several months later. Fighting on the Eastern Front, it was nearly destroyed in the East Prussian Offensive, with its remnants retreating west and surrendering to American troops at the end of the war.

East Prussian offensive
The East Prussian offensive was a strategic offensive by the Soviet Red Army against the German Wehrmacht on the Eastern Front of World War II. It lasted from 13 January to 25 April 1945, though some German units did not surrender until the country did on 9 May. The Battle of Königsberg was a major part of the offensive, which ended in victory for the Red Army.

The East Prussian offensive is known to German historians as the second East Prussian offensive. The first East Prussian offensive (also known as the Gumbinnen Operation), took place from 16 to 27 October 1944, and was carried out by the 3rd Belorussian Front under General  I.D. Chernyakhovsky as part of the Memel offensive of the 1st Baltic Front. The Soviet forces took heavy casualties while penetrating 30–60 km (19–37 mi) into the east-northern part of Poland, and the offensive was postponed until greater reserves could be gathered.
ZIL-131
The ZIL-131 is a general purpose 3.5 tonne 6x6 army truck designed in the Soviet Union by ZIL. The basic model being a general cargo truck. Variants include a tractor-trailer truck, a dump truck, a fuel truck, and a 6x6 for towing a 4-wheeled powered trailer.

The ZIL-131 was introduced in 1966; it is a military version of the ZIL-130, and the two trucks share many components. The ZIL-131 6x6 has the same equipment as the GAZ-66 and Ural-375D.

The ZIL-130/131 was in production at the AMUR truck plant (ZIL-130 as the AMUR-531350 and ZIL-131 as the AMUR-531340), with both gasoline and diesel engines, from 1987 until 2012 when AMUR shut down and filed for bankruptcy. The production possibly continues in China.

Ural-375
The Ural-375 is a general purpose 4.5 ton 6×6 truck produced at the Ural Automotive Plant in the Russian SFSR from 1961 to 1993. The Ural-375 replaced the  ZIL-157 as the standard Soviet Army truck in 1979, and was replaced by the Ural-4320.

The Ural-375 was used, for example, as a platform for the BM-21 Grad rocket launcher, as a troop carrier, and as a supply carrier.

The Ural-375 was developed during the 1950s-1960s and used many chassis components from the MAZ-200 truck, the Ural-375 used a 7.0 liter V8 engine, the design of which was based on the 6.0 liter V8 engine from the ZIL-130 truck, and most parts are interchangeable between the truck engines. The increase in displacement was achieved by increasing the bore of the cylinders to 108 mm, while the piston stroke of 95 mm was preserved. The engine block between the trucks was the same, as was the crankshafts, with the main difference being the pistons.
Lundy Braun
Lundy Braun was a professor of pathology and laboratory medicine, and Africana studies at Brown University, United States, who researched history of racial health disparities. She wrote Breathing Race Into the Machine: The Surprising Career of the Spirometer From Plantation to Genetics (2014), which looks at the history of correcting for race in spirometers, and for which she received the Ludwik Fleck Prize in 2018.

Ludwik Fleck Prize
The Ludwik Fleck Prize is an annual award given for a book in the field of science and technology studies. It was created by the 4S Council (Society for the Social Studies of Science) in 1992 and is named after microbiologist Ludwik Fleck.

The prize is named after the Polish microbiologist and sociologist Ludwik Fleck (1896-1961), author of Genèse et développement d'un fait scientifique (1935), which influenced Thomas Samuel Kuhn's conception of the history of science, constructivist epistemology, and various fields of research such as the sociology of science, the sociology of scientific knowledge, science studies and the social construction of technologies.
Moyers & Company
Moyers & Company was a commentary and interview television show hosted by Bill Moyers, and broadcast via syndication on public television stations in the United States. The weekly show covered current affairs affecting everyday Americans, and featured extended conversations with guests on issues of the day. It premiered on January 13, 2012, and concluded on January 2, 2015.

The show was produced by Public Affairs Television, taped in the studios of New York City PBS affiliate station WNET, and distributed by American Public Television (APT) with major funding from the Carnegie Corporation of New York.

American Public Television
American Public Television (APT) is an American nonprofit organization and syndicator of programming for public television stations in the United States. It distributes public television programs nationwide for PBS member stations and independent educational stations, as well as the Create and World television networks.
Kowan languages
The Kowan languages are a small family of languages spoken in the Adelbert Range area of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea, and first identified by Malcolm Ross.

The languages are Waskia, with 20,000 speakers, and Korak, with 500.

Amako language
Amako, or Korak, is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea. It is spoken in Korak (4°31′22″S 145°28′13″E﻿ / ﻿4.522907°S 145.470316°E﻿ / -4.522907; 145.470316﻿ (Korak)), Almami Rural LLG, Madang Province.
Feel the Sound
Feel the Sound is the fifth studio album by the indie pop band Imperial Teen. It was released in 2012 on Merge Records. The follow-up to 2007's The Hair the TV the Baby and the Band, the album was recorded while members of the band were living variously in San Francisco, Los Angeles, and New York City.  While previous albums had been produced by Steven McDonald of Redd Kross, Feel the Sound is self-produced.

The Hair the TV the Baby & the Band
The Hair the TV the Baby & the Band is the fourth studio album by the indie rock band Imperial Teen. It is the follow-up to On (2002), and was released in the U.S. on August 21, 2007, by Merge Records. The album was #38 on Rolling Stone's list of the Top 50 Albums of 2007.
Lovísa Henningsdóttir
Lovísa Björt Henningsdóttir (born 11 October 1995) is an Icelandic basketball player for Haukar of the Úrvalsdeild kvenna. She played college basketball for Marist of the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference from 2014 to 2019. In 2019, she debuted with the Icelandic national team.

Úrvalsdeild kvenna (basketball)
Úrvalsdeild kvenna (English: Women's Premier League), known as Bónus deild kvenna for sponsorship reasons, is the highest basketball competition among women's clubs in Iceland. It is administered by the Icelandic Basketball Federation. It was founded in 1952 and, until 2007, it was known as 1. deild kvenna (English: Women's First division).

The league was known as the Subway deild kvenna from 2021 to 2024. In July 2024, supermarket chain Bónus became the primary sponsor.
Richard Lloyd Jones
Richard Lloyd Jones (April 14, 1873 – December 4, 1963) was an American journalist who was the long-time editor and publisher of the now defunct Tulsa Tribune. He was noted for his controversial positions on political issues. The son of a notable Unitarian missionary, Jenkin Lloyd Jones, he was a co-founder of All Souls Unitarian Universalist Church in Tulsa, Oklahoma.

Tulsa Tribune
The Tulsa Tribune was an afternoon daily newspaper published in Tulsa, Oklahoma from 1919 to 1992.  Owned and run by three generations of the Jones family, the Tribune closed in 1992 after the termination of its joint operating agreement with the morning Tulsa World.
The Falcon Takes Over
The Falcon Takes Over (also known as The Falcon Steps Out), is a 1942 black-and-white mystery film directed by Irving Reis. Although the film features the Falcon and other characters created by Michael Arlen, its plot is taken from the Raymond Chandler novel Farewell, My Lovely, with the Falcon substituting for Chandler's archetypal private eye Philip Marlowe and the setting of New York City replacing Marlowe's Los Angeles beat. The B film was the third, following The Gay Falcon and A Date with the Falcon (1941), to star George Sanders as the character Gay Lawrence, a gentleman detective known by the sobriquet the Falcon.

The Gay Falcon
The Gay Falcon is a 1941 American mystery thriller film directed by Irving Reis and starring George Sanders, Wendy Barrie and Allen Jenkins. A B film produced and distributed by RKO Pictures, it the first in a series of sixteen films about a suave detective nicknamed The Falcon. Intended to replace the earlier The Saint detective series, the first film took its title from the lead character, Gay Laurence. Sanders was cast in the title role; he had played The Saint in the prior RKO series. He was teamed again with Wendy Barrie who had been with him in three previous Saint films. The first four films starred Sanders as Gay Lawrence and the rest featured Tom Conway, Sanders' real-life brother, as Tom Lawrence, brother of Gay.
Shelf Lake
Shelf Lake is an alpine lake in Custer County, Idaho, United States, located in the White Cloud Mountains in the Sawtooth National Recreation Area. The lake is named for a distinct rock shelf extending around the south and west shores of the lake.

The lake is accessed from Sawtooth National Forest trail 683. Shelf Lake is northeast of Merriam Peak and located in the lower section of the Boulder Chain Lakes Basin.

Boulder Chain Lakes
The Boulder Chain Lakes are a chain of thirteen alpine and glacial Paternoster lakes in Custer County, Idaho, United States, located in the White Cloud Mountains in the Sawtooth National Recreation Area.  The lakes are located in the upper portion of the Little Boulder Creek watershed north of Merriam Peak.  Sawtooth National Forest trail 683 along leads to the Boulder Chain Lakes.
HMHS Chantilly
HMHS Chantilly was a passenger ship that was built in 1922 by Ateliers & Chantiers de la Loire for the Compagnie des Française de Navigation à Vapeur Chargeurs Réunis. She was sold before completion to the Compagnie des Messageries Maritimes. Captured by the British in the Strait of Gibraltar in 1941, she served as a hospital ship but was severely damaged by the explosion of Fort Stikine at Bombay, India on 14 April 1944. Chantilly was repaired and returned to her owners post-war. She was scrapped in 1952.

Messageries Maritimes
Messageries Maritimes was a French merchant shipping company. It was originally created in 1851 as Messageries nationales, later called Messageries impériales, and from 1871, Compagnie des messageries maritimes, casually known as "MesMar" or by its initials "MM". Its rectangular house flag, with the letters MM on a white background and red corners, was famous in shipping circles, especially on the Europe-Asia trade lanes.  In 1977 it merged with Compagnie générale transatlantique to form Compagnie générale maritime. In 1996 CGM was privatized and sold to Compagnie Maritime d'Affrètement (CMA) to form CMA CGM.
Next Manga Award
The Next Manga Award (Japanese: 次にくるマンガ大賞, Hepburn: Tsugi ni Kuru Manga Taishō) is an annual award for manga series presented by Kadokawa Corporation's Da Vinci magazine and Niconico streaming website. It is divided into two categories: one for print manga, and one for web manga.

Niconico
Niconico, Inc. (Japanese: ニコニコ, Hepburn: Nikoniko), known before 2012 as Nico Nico Douga (ニコニコ動画, Niko Niko Dōga), is a Japanese video sharing service based in Tokyo, Japan. "Niconico" or "nikoniko" is the Japanese ideophone for smiling. As of 2021, Niconico is the 34th most-visited website in Japan, according to Alexa Internet.

The site won the Japanese Good Design Award in 2007, and an Honorary Mention of the Digital Communities category at Prix Ars Electronica 2008. Between June 8, 2024 and August 5, 2024, its servers were affected by a cyberattack and the website was partially active.
For the First Time (2008 film)
For the First Time is a 2008 Philippine romantic drama film directed by Joyce Bernal from a screenplay by Vanessa R. Valdez. It stars Richard Gutierrez and KC Concepcion, and was shot mainly in the Philippines and in Santorini, Greece. Produced by Star Cinema, the film was released on August 27, 2008.

Joyce Bernal
Joyce E. Bernal (born May 6, 1968) is a Filipina film and television director. Her entry to the film industry began when she became a film editing apprentice under Ike Jarlego Jr. for Viva Films in 1989, the year she worked on Eddie Garcia's film Imortal.
Grace Gibbs
Grace Julia Gibbs (born 1 May 1995) is an English cricketer who currently plays for Kent. An all-rounder, she plays as a right-handed batter and right-arm medium bowler. She previously played for Surrey Stars in the Women's Cricket Super League, South East Stars in regional cricket and Oval Invincibles in The Hundred.

Kent Women cricket team
The Kent Women cricket team is the women's representative cricket team for the English county of Kent. They play their home matches at St Lawrence Ground in Canterbury, as well as the County Cricket Ground, Beckenham. They are captained by Megan Belt and are coached by former Kent County Cricket Club player James Hockley. They are the most successful team in both the Women's County Championship and Women's Twenty20 Cup, with 8 and 3 titles respectively. Until 2025, they were partnered with the regional team South East Stars.
Kozarevets, Veliko Tarnovo Province
Kozarevets is a village in Northern Bulgaria. The village is located in Lyaskovets Municipality, Veliko Tarnovo Province. Аccording to the numbers counted by the 2020 Bulgarian census, Kozarevets currently has a population of 890 people with a permanent address registration in the settlement.

Northern Bulgaria
Northern Bulgaria (Bulgarian: Северна България, romanized: Severna Bylgarija), also called Moesia (Bulgarian: Мизия, Mizija) is the northern half of Bulgaria, located to the north of the main ridge of the Balkan Mountains which conventionally separates the country into a northern and a southern part.
2014–15 FC Red Bull Salzburg season
The 2014–15 FC Red Bull Salzburg season was the 82nd season in club history. Red Bull Salzburg finished the season as champions of the Bundesliga and the ÖFB-Cup for the second season in a row. In Europe, Salzburg were knocked out of the Champions League by Malmö in the playoff round, dropping into the Europa League where they reached the round of 32 before defeat to Villarreal.

2014–15 Austrian Cup
The 2014–15 Austrian Cup (German: ÖFB-Samsung-Cup) was the 81st season of Austria's nationwide football cup competition. It commenced with the matches of the First Round on 11 July 2014 and ended on 3 June 2015.