hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Institute for Architecture and Urban Studies
The Institute for Architecture & Urban Studies is a non-profit architecture studio and think tank located in Manhattan, New York, United States. The original Institute existed from 1967 to 1984, where it was a hub for experimental architectural discourse and practice. It re-opened in 2003 as a non-profit offering individualized summer architecture studios.

Hampshire College
Hampshire College is a private liberal arts college in Amherst, Massachusetts, United States. It was opened in 1970 as an experiment in alternative education, in association with four other colleges in the Pioneer Valley: Amherst College, Smith College, Mount Holyoke College, and the University of Massachusetts Amherst. Together they are known as the Five College Consortium. The campus also houses the National Yiddish Book Center and Eric Carle Museum, and hosts the annual Hampshire College Summer Studies in Mathematics.

The college utilizes an alternative curriculum, with an emphasis on progressive pedagogy and self-directed academic concentrations, a focus on portfolios rather than distribution requirements, and a reliance on narrative evaluations instead of grades and GPAs.
Girl with a Pearl Earring
Girl with a Pearl Earring (Dutch: Meisje met de parel) is an oil painting by Dutch Golden Age painter Johannes Vermeer, dated c. 1665. Going by various names over the centuries, it acquired its present title towards the end of the 20th century. The work has been in the collection of the Mauritshuis in The Hague since 1902 and has been the subject of various literary and cinematic treatments.

Reseda luteola
Reseda luteola is a flowering plant species in the family Resedaceae. Common names include dyer's rocket, dyer's weed, weld, woold, and yellow weed.

A native of Europe and Western Asia, the plant can also be found in North America as an introduced species and common weed. While other resedas were used for the purpose, this species was the most widely used source of the natural dye known as weld. The plant is rich in luteolin, a flavonoid which produces a bright yellow dye. The yellow could be mixed with the blue from woad (Isatis tinctoria) to produce greens such as Lincoln green.
Radstadt Tauern
The Radstadt Tauern (German: Radstädter Tauern) are a subrange of the Central Eastern Alps in Austria. Together with the Schladming Tauern, the Rottenmann and Wölz Tauern and the Seckau Tauern the Radstadt Tauern form the major range of mountains known as the Low Tauern. The mountains are found in the southeast of the Austrian state of Salzburg, between the upper reaches of the Enns and Mur rivers.

Central Eastern Alps
The Central Eastern Alps (German: Zentralalpen or Zentrale Ostalpen), also referred to as Austrian Central Alps (German: Österreichische Zentralalpen) or just Central Alps, comprise the main chain of the Eastern Alps in Austria and the adjacent regions of Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Italy and Slovenia. South of them is the Southern Limestone Alps.

The term "Central Alps" is very common in the Geography of Austria as one of the seven major landscape regions of the country. "Central Eastern Alps" is usually used in connection with the Alpine Club classification of the Eastern Alps (Alpenvereinseinteilung, AVE). The Central Alps form the eastern part of the Alpine divide, its central chain of mountains, as well as those ranges that extend or accompany it to the north and south.

The highest mountain in the Austrian Central Alps is Grossglockner at 3,798 metres (12,461 ft).
Oluwale Bamgbose
Oluwale Bamgbose Listenⓘ(born August 4, 1987) is a Nigerian-American mixed martial artist who most recently competed in the Middleweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship. He notably holds black belts in 4 different disciplines.

Middleweight (MMA)
The middleweight division in mixed martial arts refers to different weight classes:

The UFC's middleweight division, which groups competitors within 171 to 185 lb (77.5 to 84 kg)

The Shooto's middleweight class, which refers to competitors between 155 and 170 lb (70.3 and 77.1 kg)

The ONE Championship's middleweight division follows the Pride FC model, with an upper limit of 93 kg (205 lb)

The Road FC's  middleweight division, with an upper limit of 185 lb (84 kg)
Ampfield
Ampfield is a village and civil parish in the Borough of Test Valley in Hampshire, England, between Romsey, Eastleigh, and Winchester.  It had a population at the 2001 census of 1,474, increasing to 1,583 at the 2011 Census. The civil parish of Ampfield falls into the Ward of Ampfield & Braishfield.

Test Valley
Test Valley is a local government district with borough status in Hampshire, England, named after the valley of the River Test. The council is based in the borough's largest town of Andover. The borough also contains the town of Romsey and numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. A small part of the borough at its southern end lies within the New Forest National Park, and part of the borough north of Andover lies within the North Wessex Downs, a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

The neighbouring districts are Basingstoke and Deane, Winchester, and Eastleigh to the east, Southampton and New Forest to the south, Wiltshire to the west and West Berkshire to the north.
Kavajë District
The District of Kavajë (Albanian: Rrethi i Kavajës) was one of the 36 districts of Albania, which were dissolved in July 2000 and replaced by 12 counties. Centrally located in the Western Lowlands region of Albania, it covered an area of 401 km2 (155 sq mi). In consisted of 2 municipalities and 8 communes, with the communes containing a total of 64 villages. Its population at the 2001 census was 78,179 inhabitants.

Districts of Albania
Districts (Albanian: rrathë or rrathët) were first and second-level administrative divisions of Albania from 1913–2000. Their number, size, and status changed over time. From 1991 to 2000, the 36 districts were organized into 12 counties. Pursuant to the 1998 Constitution and Law No. 8653, the districts were abolished and replaced with the larger counties and smaller municipalities.
Ottoman–Wahhabi war
The Ottoman–Wahhabi war, or Wahhabi War, was fought from early 1811 until 1818 between the Ottoman Empire, its vassal the Eyalet of Egypt, and the Wahhabis' Emirate of Diriyah (later known as the first Saudi state), resulting in the destruction of the latter.

Saud bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (1748–1814)
Saud bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (Arabic: سعود بن عبد العزيز  بن محمد بن سعود, romanized: Suʿūd ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Muḥammad ibn Suʿūd; 1748 – 27 April 1814) ruled the First Saudi State from 1803 to 1814. Saud annexed Mecca and Medina from the Ottoman Empire making him the first Al Saud ruler who received the title of the servant of the Two Holy Cities. During his rule the state experienced a significant level of strength and expansion for which he was called Saud Al Kabeer or Saud the Great.
5.5 Metre World Championship
The 5.5 Metre World Championship are international sailing regatta in the 5.5 Metre class organized by the host club and the International 5.5 Metre Class Association and recognized by the World Sailing.

The most titles have been won by Norwegian sailor Kristian Nergaard, with eleven titles between 1990 and 2020 and another six silver medals. The second most titles have been won by Swiss sailor Flavio Marazzi and Swedish sailor Johan Barne, both with six.

The 5.5 Metre was an Olympic class from 1952 to 1968.

Johan Barne
Johan Mats Rikard Barne (born 4 April 1964 in Gothenburg) is a Swedish Olympic sailor in the Soling class. Barne competed in 1992, 1996 and 2000 Summer Olympics, finishing fifth in the Soling in the 1992 edition, 13th in 1996 and 7th in 2000.

He has received the honorary award ”Sailor of the Year” from the Swedish Sailing Federation six times, more than any other sailor.
Minnesota's 2nd Senate District
The Minnesota Senate, District 2, encompasses the North-Central part of Minnesota. It stretches from Lake of the Woods County south to the White Earth Indian Reservation. It includes all or portions of Becker, Beltrami, Clearwater, Hubbard, Lake of the Woods, Mahnomen, Otter Tail and Wadena counties.  It is currently represented by Republican Steve Green.

Beltrami County, Minnesota
Beltrami County (/bɛlˈtræmi/ bel-TRAM-ee) is a county in the northern part of the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 46,228. Its county seat is Bemidji. The county's name comes from Italian adventurer Giacomo Beltrami from Bergamo, who explored the area in 1825. The county was created in 1866 and organized in 1896.

Beltrami County comprises the Bemidji, MN Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Portions of the Leech Lake and Red Lake Indian reservations are in the county. The northernmost portion of the Mississippi River flows through the southern part of the county, through Bemidji. Beltrami, Renville, and Stearns are Minnesota's only counties that abut nine other counties.
David Boutin (politician)
David R. Boutin (January 27, 1953 – September 10, 2024) was an American politician from the state of New Hampshire.

Boutin was elected to the New Hampshire House of Representatives in 1994 for the Hillsborough 37th district, representing Manchester's Ward 1. He was re-elected in 1996 and lost re-election in 1998. In 2008, he was elected by the Merrimack 9th district, an represented Hooksett from 2008 to 2010. He was then elected to the New Hampshire Senate, representing the 16th district from 2010 until retiring in 2016. He sought his old senate seat in 2018, but lost to Democrat Kevin Cavanaugh.

Kevin Cavanaugh
Kevin J. Cavanaugh is an American politician from the state of New Hampshire. A Democrat,  Cavanaugh has served on the Manchester Board of Mayor Aldermen for Ward 1 since 2015. From 2017 until 2022, he represented the 16th district in the New Hampshire Senate after winning a special election to succeed deceased fellow Democrat Scott McGilvray. In the State Senate, he chaired the Senate Commerce Committee and was vice chair of the Executive Departments & Administration committee. He did not run for reelection in 2022.

He works as assistant business manager for IBEW Local 2320, a union representing electrical workers and other professions.

On April 24, 2023, Cavanaugh announced his bid for Manchester mayor. Cavanaugh and Republican candidate Jay Ruais advanced to the general election, but on November 7, 2023, Ruais defeated Cavanaugh to become the next mayor of Manchester, New Hampshire.
Pervouralsk
Pervouralsk (Russian: Первоура́льск, lit. the first in the Urals) is a city in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, located on the Chusovaya River (Kama's tributary) 39 kilometers (24 mi) west of Yekaterinburg, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: 124,528 (2010 Census); 132,277 (2002 Census); 142,193 (1989 Soviet census); 122,000 (1974); 90,000 (1959); 44,000 (1939).

It was previously known as Vasilyevsko-Shaytansky (until 1920).

Wimm-Bill-Dann Foods
Wimm Bill Dann Foods (Russian: Вимм-Билль-Данн) is one of Europe's largest dairy products companies. WBD produces yogurt, milk, flavored milk, fruit juices, and other soft drinks. It holds a 34% share in all dairy products in Russia, and a 20% share of the fruit drink market.

Wimm Bill Dann has 30 production sites in 16 cities. The "About our Company" page on the website describes the company's close ties to Russia's cattle and dairy farms. The company's management is both Russian and non-Russian. According to former Plant Manager Vladimir Tambov, the mascot is a mouse.
Diego Martin Highway
The Diego Martin Highway is a highway in Trinidad and Tobago.  It runs west from Cocorite to Diamond Vale. The highway meets the Audrey Jeffers Highway in Cocorite and runs north–south to Wendy Fitzwillliam Boulevard in Diamond Vale.

Audrey Jeffers Highway
The Audrey Jeffers Highway is a highway in Trinidad and Tobago.  It runs west from Downtown Port of Spain to Cocorite.  The highway runs from the Hasely Crawford Stadium to the Cocorite area parallel to Mucurapo Road and the Western Main Road in St. James.  It is named in honour of Audrey Jeffers, a social worker and Trinidad and Tobago's first female Member of Parliament.
Cartesian parallel manipulators
In robotics, Cartesian parallel manipulators are manipulators that move a platform using parallel-connected kinematic linkages ('limbs') lined up with a Cartesian coordinate system.  Multiple limbs connect the moving platform to a base. Each limb is driven by a linear actuator and the linear actuators are mutually perpendicular.  The term 'parallel' here refers to the way that the kinematic linkages are put together, it does not connote geometrically parallel; i.e., equidistant lines.

Kinematic pair
In classical mechanics, a kinematic pair is a connection between two physical objects that imposes constraints on their relative movement (kinematics). German engineer Franz Reuleaux introduced the kinematic pair as a new approach to the study of machines that provided an advance over the notion of elements consisting of simple machines.
Lunatic (group)
Lunatic was a French hip hop duo from Boulogne-Billancourt. The lineup consisted of Booba (from Boulogne-Billancourt) and Ali (from Issy-les-Moulineaux), coming from the department of Hauts-de-Seine in the west suburb of Paris.

After Lunatic split up in 2003, both members went on to solo careers.  Their  release "Le Crime Paie" was produced by DJ Mars.

Futur (album)
Futur (French pronunciation: [fytyʁ]) is the sixth album by French rapper Booba, released on 26 November 2012 on Tallac Records, via the major Universal Music Group.

The album was re-issued in a two-disc set a Futur 2.0 on 25 November 2013 exactly one year after the original release.

The first CD of Futur 2.0 has the same tracks as the original Futur, while CD 2 includes eight new tracks not found on the original release.
Hōjō Ujikuni
Hōjō Ujikuni (北条 氏邦; 1541 – September 19, 1597) was a samurai of the Sengoku period, and the third son of Hōjō Ujiyasu. Ujikuni was a high-ranking commander in the invasion of Kozuke Province, Kōzuke was contested between the later Hōjō clan, the Takeda and the Uesugi clans.

He was also the castellan (castle lord) in command of Hachigata Castle in Musashi province, which came under siege twice in 1568 by Takeda Shingen and 1590 by Toyotomi Hideyoshi.

In 1569, along with Hojo Ujiteru, failed to stop Takeda Shingen's retreat in the Battle of Mimasetoge.

Following the sudden death of Oda Nobunaga in 1582, He and Hojo Ujinao took the advantage of the situation to launch a certain attack at Kanagawa.

When Siege of Odawara began, he was defending Hachigata Castle but surrounded by Toyotomi's large army、then he decided to surrender. Later he became a vassal of Maeda Toshiie.

Maeda Toshiie
Maeda Toshiie (前田 利家; January 15, 1538 – April 27, 1599) was one of the leading generals of Oda Nobunaga following the Sengoku period of the 16th century extending to the Azuchi–Momoyama period. His preferred weapon was a yari, and Matazaemon (又左衛門) was his common name; he was therefore known as Yari no Mataza (槍の又左). He was a member of the so-called Echizen Sanninshu (Echizen Triumvir) along with Sassa Narimasa and Fuwa Mitsuharu. The highest rank from the court that he received is the Great Counselor Dainagon (大納言).
Omar Sharmarke
Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke (pronunciationⓘ; Somali: Cumar Cabdirashiid Cali Sharmaarke, Arabic: عمر شرماركي) (born 18 June 1960), popularly known as Omar Sharmarke, is a Somali diplomat and politician. From 2009 to 2010, he was the Prime Minister of Somalia. He subsequently briefly served as Somalia's Ambassador to the United States in 2014. In December 2014, Sharmarke was reappointed Prime Minister of Somalia. His term ended on 1 March 2017, and he was replaced by Hassan Ali Khaire.

Hassan Ali Khaire
Mohamed Hassan Ali Khaire (or alternatively transliterated as Hassan Ali Khayre; Somali: Xasan Cali Khayre; Arabic: حسن علي خيري; also popularly known as Hassan Khaire; born April 15, 1968) is a former prime minister of Somalia. He was appointed on 23 February 2017 by Somalia President Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed "Farmaajo" and resigned on Saturday July 25, 2020 after MPs passed a disputed vote of no confidence.

Khaire is a former oil executive. He has been a regional director of the Norwegian Refugee Council charity and served as the director of the British oil company Soma Oil and Gas.
NGC 7302
NGC 7302 is a lenticular galaxy located around 124 million light-years away from Earth in the constellation of Aquarius. NGC 7302 was discovered by British astronomer William Herschel on October 3, 1785 and was rediscovered by American astronomer Lewis Swift on August 8, 1896 and was listed in the IC catalogue as IC 5228. It is also part of a group of interacting galaxies.

Aquarius (constellation)
Aquarius is an equatorial constellation of the zodiac, between Capricornus and Pisces. Its name is Latin for "water-carrier" or "cup-carrier", and its traditional astrological symbol is  (♒︎), a representation of water. Aquarius is one of the oldest of the recognized constellations along the zodiac (the Sun's apparent path). It was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations. It is found in a region often called the Sea due to its profusion of constellations with watery associations such as Cetus the whale, Pisces the fish, and Eridanus the river.

At apparent magnitude 2.9, Beta Aquarii is the brightest star in the constellation.
Clapham Sect
The Clapham Sect, or Clapham Saints, were a group of social reformers associated with Holy Trinity Clapham  in the period from the 1780s to the 1840s. Despite the label "sect", most members remained in the established (and dominant) Church of England, which was highly interwoven with offices of state.

Charles Simeon
Charles Simeon (24 September 1759 – 13 November 1836) was an English evangelical Anglican cleric and biblical commentator who led the evangelical 'Low Church' movement, in reaction to the liturgically and episcopally oriented 'High Church' party.
Cosa
42°24′39″N 11°17′11″E﻿ / ﻿42.410919°N 11.286503°E﻿ / 42.410919; 11.286503

Cosa was an ancient Roman city near the present Ansedonia in southwestern Tuscany, Italy. It is situated on a hill 113 m above sea level and 140 km northwest of Rome on the Tyrrhenian Sea coast. It has assumed a position of prominence in Roman archaeology owing to its excavation.

Norma Goldman
Norma Wynick Goldman (March 30, 1922 – October 1, 2011) was an American classics scholar, author, professor at Wayne State University, and president of the Detroit Classical Association. Her works include textbooks of the Latin language as well as studies of Roman lamps, the architecture of the Janiculum Hill in Rome, and Roman costumes.
KK Rabotnički
KK Rabotnički (Macedonian: КК Работнички) is a basketball club based in Skopje, North Macedonia. They currently play in the Macedonian First League and ABA League Second Division. The club has won the Macedonian championship 15 times and the Macedonian Cup 10 times.

FIBA Europe Conference South
FIBA Europe South Conference was a FIBA Europe organized basketball tournament held from 2002 to 2005. It was a regional division part of FIBA Europe Cup tournament, the 4th-tier and 5th-tier continental basketball levels. In tournament includes teams from Bulgaria, Cyprus, Turkey, Romania, Serbia, Macedonia, Greece, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia and Slovenia. The tournament was played in three stages. The first was the group stage, followed by the playoff, and the Final Four.
Transition point
In the field of fluid dynamics  the point at which the boundary layer changes from laminar to turbulent is called the transition point. Where and how this transition occurs depends on the Reynolds number, the pressure gradient, pressure fluctuations due to sound, surface vibration, the initial turbulence level of the flow, boundary layer suction, surface heat flows, and surface roughness. The effects of a boundary layer turned turbulent are an increase in drag due to skin friction. As speed increases, the upper surface transition point tends to move forward. As the angle of attack increases, the upper surface transition point also tends to move forward.

Laminar–turbulent transition
In fluid dynamics, the process of a laminar flow becoming turbulent is known as laminar–turbulent transition. The main parameter characterizing transition is the Reynolds number.

Transition is often described as a process proceeding through a series of stages. Transitional flow can refer to transition in either direction, that is laminar–turbulent transitional or turbulent–laminar transitional flow.

The process applies to any fluid flow, and is most often used in the context of boundary layers.
Lavar Johnson
Lavar Johnson (born June 11, 1977) is an American bare-knuckle boxer and former Heavyweight mixed martial artist. A professional from 2004 until 2014, he competed for the UFC, the WEC, Strikeforce and Bellator MMA.

Heavyweight (MMA)
The heavyweight division in mixed martial arts (MMA) generally includes fighters between 206–265 lb (93.4–120.2 kg).

Although many ambiguities exist within the lowerweight classes regarding division naming and weight limits, the heavyweight division is, for the most part, uniform.  The Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) and most other North American MMA organizations such as Bellator MMA, WSOF, and King of the Cage (KOTC) abide by this interpretation to their 206–265 lb athletes as heavyweights. ONE Championship's heavyweight division is at 226–265 lb. Pancrase's overweight division was 198.4–220.5 lb (90.0–100.0 kg) before being revised to its current 205–264.5 lb (93.0–120.0 kg).

The heavyweight upper weight limit, as defined by the Nevada State Athletic Commission and the Association of Boxing Commissions is 265 lb (120 kg).
2023 AIFF Super Cup
The 2023 AIFF Super Cup, officially known as the 2023 Hero Super Cup for sponsorship reasons, was the third edition of the Super Cup and the 41st season of the national knockout football competition in India. The competition was sponsored by Hero MotoCorp.

The tournament was being organised after a gap of four years due to various scheduling issues, with the latest edition being played in 2019. This was the first time the Super Cup champions to had a spot allotted in the AFC competitions. Odisha were crowned champions after defeating Bengaluru 2–1 in the final, their first-ever major title, and qualified for the qualifier for 2023–24 AFC Cup group stage.

2019 AIFF Super Cup
The 2019 AIFF Super Cup, officially known as the 2019 Hero Super Cup for sponsorship reasons, was the second edition of the Super Cup and the 40th season of the national knockout football competition in India. The competition was sponsored by Hero MotoCorp. The competition began with the qualifiers on 15 March at Kalinga Stadium in Bhubaneshwar and was concluded with the final on 13 April.

Bengaluru were the defending champions but lost to Chennai City in the quarter-finals. Goa won the title by defeating Chennaiyin 2–1 in the final.
Henry II, Margrave of Meissen
Henry II (1103–1123) was the Margrave of Meissen and the Saxon Ostmark (as Lusizensis marchio: margrave of Lusatia) from his birth until his death. He was the posthumous son of Margrave Henry I and Gertrude of Brunswick, daughter of Egbert I of Meissen. He was by inheritance also Count of Eilenburg. He was the second Meissener margrave of the House of Wettin.

He was initially under the regency of first his mother and after her death in 1117 under his great uncle Thimo. He died young and without children in 1123. His lands were inherited by his half-sister Richenza of Northeim. He left a widow, Adelaide, daughter of Lothair Udo III, Margrave of the Nordmark. The succession to the marches was disputed after his death.

Thimo the Brave, Count of Wettin
Thimo the Brave (c. 1034 – 9 March 1090/1091 or c. 1100), also known as Thimo I, Count of Wettin, was a German nobleman and a crucial figure in the early history of the House of Wettin. He inherited the counties of Wettin and Brehna from his father, Theodoric II, Margrave of Lower Lusatia.