hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cora hawksworthiana
Cora hawksworthiana is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. It was formally described as a new species in 2016 by Manuela Dal Forno, Peter Nelson, and Robert Lücking. The specific epithet hawksworthiana honours mycologist David Leslie Hawksworth "on the occasion of his seventieth birthday, for his innumerable contributions to mycology". The lichen occurs at altitudes above 3,000 m (9,800 ft) in the wet páramo of the northern Andes in Colombia, in Costa Rica, and in subalpine to temperate rainforest of Chile. It grows as an epiphyte on the partly shaded twigs of shrubs and small trees. Cora hawksworthiana is one of the few species in genus Cora that does not have a regionally or locally limited distribution.

Basidiolichen
Basidiolichens are lichenized members of the division Basidiomycota within the subkingdom Dikarya of the kingdom Fungi. They form a diverse yet much smaller group of lichens than the far more common ascolichens of the division Ascomycota. Owing to how few described species there are, basidiolichens are generally considered to be poorly researched, and few studies that characterize their natural products exist. Biogeographically, basidiolichen species may be distributed in a cosmopolitan manner or more regionally, ranging from arctic and montane habitats to more temperate and tropical environments. Morphologically, basidiocarp (fruiting body) and thallus (vegetative tissue) structures may vary widely within and between basidiolichen genera.
Camponotini
Camponotini is a tribe of ants in the subfamily Formicinae containing 2 extinct and 11 extant genera, including Camponotus (carpenter ants). This tribe is the most diverse tribe in its subfamily, containing over 2,500 species. Ants in the Camponotini tribe are the primary hosts of Ophiocordyceps unilateralis, also called the zombie-ant fungus.

Formicinae
The Formicinae are a subfamily within the Formicidae family containing ants of moderate evolutionary development.

Formicines retain some primitive features, such as the presence of cocoons around pupae, the presence of ocelli in workers, and little tendency toward reduction of palp or antennal segmentation in most species, except subterranean groups. Extreme modification of mandibles is rare, except in the genera Myrmoteras and Polyergus. However, some members show considerable evolutionary advancement in behaviors such as slave-making and symbiosis with root-feeding hemipterans. Finally, all formicines have very reduced stings and enlarged venom reservoirs, with the venom gland, specialized (uniquely among ants) for the production of formic acid.

All members of the Formicinae "have a one-segmented petiole in the form of a vertical scale".
1997 Fed Cup Americas Zone Group I – Pool A
Group A of the 1997 Fed Cup Americas Zone Group I was one of two pools in the Americas Zone Group I of the 1997 Fed Cup. Five teams competed in a round robin competition, with the top two teams advancing to the knockout stage, and the bottom team being relegated down to 1998 Group II.

1997 Fed Cup Americas Zone Group I – Knockout Stage
The Knockout Stage of the 1997 Fed Cup Americas Zone Group I was the final stage of the Zonal Competition involving teams from the Americas. Those that qualified for this stage placed first and second in their respective pools.

The four teams were then randomly drawn into a two-stage knockout tournament, with the winner advancing to the World Group II Play-offs.
Westmoreland Central
Westmoreland Central is a parliamentary constituency represented in the House of Representatives of the Jamaican Parliament. It elects one Member of Parliament by the first past the post system of election. The constituency consists of the central part of Westmoreland Parish.

Constituencies of Jamaica
Jamaica's fourteen parishes are subdivided into sixty-three constituencies. The country follows the Westminster system and elects sixty-three Members of Parliament (MPs) to the Jamaica House of Representatives.
Cresswell's Local and other Songs and Recitations 1883
Cresswell's Local and other Songs, Recitations, Etc.  1883 (or to give it is's full title – "Local and other Songs, Recitations, Etc Composed by Marshall Cresswell, Dudley, Northumberland. With Introductory Autobiography (second edition) Illustrated by J. W. Marcke. Newcastle-upon-Tyne. J. W. Chater 61 & 62 Grainger Street, West, 21, Collingwood Street, 89, Clayton Street, and "Cross House", Westgate Road and all Booksellers 1883"  is a Chapbook of Geordie folk song consisting of over 100 pages, published in 1883.

Chapbook
A chapbook is a type of small printed booklet that was a popular medium for street literature throughout early modern Europe. Chapbooks were usually produced cheaply, illustrated with crude woodcuts and printed on a single sheet folded into 8, 12, 16, or 24 pages, sometimes bound with a saddle stitch. Printers provided chapbooks on credit to chapmen, who sold them both from door to door and at markets and fairs, then paying for the stock they sold. The tradition of chapbooks emerged during the 16th century as printed books were becoming affordable, with the medium ultimately reaching its height of popularity during the 17th and 18th centuries. Various ephemera and popular or folk literature were published as chapbooks, such as almanacs, children's literature, folklore, ballads, nursery rhymes, pamphlets, poetry, and political and religious tracts. The term chapbook remains in use by publishers to refer to short, inexpensive booklets.
Wang Fuzhi
Wang Fuzhi (Chinese: 王夫之; pinyin: Wáng Fūzhī; Wade–Giles: Wang2 Fu1-chih1; 1619–1692), courtesy name Ernong (而農), pseudonym Chuanshan (船山), was a Chinese essayist, historian, and philosopher of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.

Zhang Zai
Zhang Zai (simplified Chinese: 张载; traditional Chinese: 張載; pinyin: Zhāng Zài; Wade–Giles: Chang Tsai) (1020–1077) was a Chinese philosopher and politician. He is best known for laying out four ontological goals for intellectuals: to build up the manifestations of Heaven and Earth's spirit, to build up good life for the populace, to develop past sages' endangered scholarship, and to open up eternal peace.
Exchange Alley
Exchange Alley or Change Alley is a narrow alleyway connecting shops and coffeehouses in an old neighbourhood of the City of London. It served as a convenient shortcut from the Royal Exchange on Cornhill to the Post Office on Lombard Street and remains as one of a number of alleys linking the two streets. Shops once located in Exchange Alley included ship chandlers, makers of navigation instruments such as telescopes, and goldsmiths from Lombardy in Italy.

The 17th and 18th century coffeehouses of Exchange Alley, especially Jonathan's and Garraway's, became an early venue for the lively trading of shares and commodities. These activities were the progenitor of the modern London Stock Exchange. Similarly, Lloyd's Coffee House, at No. 16 Lombard Street but originally on Tower Street, was the forerunner of Lloyd's of London, the Lloyd's Register and Lloyd's List.

The nearest London Underground station is Bank. The closest mainline railway station is Cannon Street.

Cornhill, London
Cornhill (formerly also Cornhil) is a ward and street in the City of London, the historic nucleus and financial centre of modern London, England. The street runs between Bank Junction and Leadenhall Street in Central London.

The hill from which it takes its name is one of the three ancient hills of London; the others are Tower Hill, site of the Tower of London, and Ludgate Hill, crowned by St Paul's Cathedral. The highest point of Cornhill is at 17.7 metres (58 ft) above sea level.
Huayruruni
Huayruruni (possibly from Aymara wayruru red and black seeds of a plant (Abrus precatorius, Ormosia coccinea and Ormosia minor); also meaning something very beautiful, -ni a suffix to indicate ownership) is a mountain in the Vilcanota mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about 4,900 metres (16,076 ft) high. It is located in the Cusco Region, Quispicanchi Province, Marcapata District. It lies northwest of the peaks of Quinsachata and Quehuesiri.

Quehuesiri (Marcapata)
Quehuesiri (possibly from Aymara q'iwisiña to fight, -ri a suffix, "fighter") is a mountain in the Vilcanota mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about 5,300 metres (17,388 ft) high. It is located in the Cusco Region, Quispicanchi Province, Marcapata District. It lies west of the peak of Quinsachata.
Glossary of Japanese Buddhism
This is the glossary of Japanese Buddhism, including major terms the casual (or brand-new) reader might find useful in understanding articles on the subject. Words followed by an asterisk (*) are illustrated by an image in one of the photo galleries. Within definitions, words set in boldface are defined elsewhere in the glossary.

Kiyomizu-dera
Kiyomizu-dera (Japanese: 清水寺; lit. 'Pure Water Monastery') is a Buddhist temple located in eastern Kyoto, Japan. It belongs to the Kita-Hosso sect of Japanese Buddhism and its honzon is a hibutsu statue of Jūichimen Kannon. The temple's full name is Otowa-san Kiyomizu-dera (音羽山 清水寺). The temple is the 16th stop on the Saigoku Kannon Pilgrimage route. Along with Kōryū-ji and Kurama-dera, it is one of the few temples in Kyoto that predates the foundation of the capital to Heian-kyō. It is also one of Japan's leading temples dedicated to the worship of Kannon, along with Ishiyama-dera (Ōtsu, Shiga) and Hase-dera (Sakurai, Nara). It is a famous tourist destination in Kyoto City, attracting many pilgrims throughout the year. Since 1995, it holds the Kanji of the Year ceremony on 12 December (Kanji Day) every year. The temple is part of the Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Kalyanram Kathi
Kalyan Ram Kathi, also known as Kathi (transl. Sword), is a 2010 Indian Telugu-language action film written and directed by Mallikarjun. It stars Kalyan Ram in the lead role, alongside Sana Khan, Shaam, Saranya Mohan and Kota Srinivasa Rao. The story was written by Vakkantham Vamsi, while Mallikarjun wrote the screenplay. The film features music composed by Mani Sharma. It also marks the second collaboration between Kalyan Ram and Mallikarjun after Abhimanyu, along with the Telugu debut of Sana Khan. The narrative revolves around a football player who unleashes his violent side when his sister goes missing.

Prior to its release, the film became embroiled in a controversy regarding the title, which was registered by director Gunasekhar for a film  he was going to make with Ravi Teja. The title was changed from Kathi to Kalyan Ram Kathi, following which Gunasekhar gave up the title.

The film released on 12 November 2010. It was a commercial failure.

Nippu
Nippu (transl. Fire) is a 2012 Indian Telugu-language action film produced by YVS Chowdary on his Bommarillu banner and written and directed by Gunasekhar. The film stars Ravi Teja and Deeksha Seth, and the music was composed by S. Thaman.
2024 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship
The 2024 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship was the 94th staging of the All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1928. The championship ran from 23 March to 29 June 2024.

Clare were the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Kilkenny in the All-Ireland semi-final.

The All-Ireland final was played at UPMC Nowlan Park in Kilkenny on 29 June 2024 between Tipperary and Kilkenny, in what was their first meeting in the final in 22 years. Tipperary won the match after extra time by 2–17 to 3–12 to claim a record 22nd championship title overall and their first title in two years.

Wexford's Seán O'Brien was the championship's top scorer with 3-67.

2023 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship
The 2023 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship was the 93rd staging of the All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1928. The championship ran from 21 March to 4 June 2023.

Tipperary entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they failed to qualify for the All-Ireland series after losing three games in the Munster Championship. Kerry and Galway moved province to join the Leinster Championship.

The All-Ireland final was played at FBD Semple Stadium in Thurles on 4 June 2023 between Clare and Galway, in what was their first meeting in a final in 26 years. Clare won the match by 2–22 to 4–11 to claim their second championship title overall and their first title since 1997.

Galway's Aaron Niland was the championship's top scorer with 4-72.
Alex McLeod (politician)
Alexander Donald McLeod (13 July 1872 – 20 October 1938) was a Reform Party Member of Parliament in the Wairarapa region of New Zealand. He was Minister of Lands (1924–1928) and Industries and Commerce (1926–1928) in the Reform Government.

United Party (New Zealand)
The United Party was a political parliamentary party in New Zealand. It was founded in 1927, partly out of the remnants of the Liberal Party, and formed the United Government between 1928 and 1931, and the United–Reform coalition Government between 1931 and 1935. In 1936, it merged with the Reform Party to form the National Party.

According to one study, the United Party was "more right-wing than the Reform Party under Joseph Gordon Coates."
Scutellastra longicosta
Scutellastra longicosta, the long-spined limpet or the duck's foot limpet, is a species of true limpet, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Patellidae, one of the families of true limpets. It is native to the coasts of South Africa where it is found on the foreshore. It cultivates a species of crustose brown algae in a "garden".

Patellidae
Patellidae is a taxonomic family of true limpets, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Patelloidea. 
(The superfamily Patelloidea should not be confused with the similar-sounding genus of true limpets Patelloida which is in the family Lottiidae within the superfamily Lottioidea, also part of the Patellogastropoda.)

The largest known limpet in the world is Scutellastra mexicana that can reach 35.5 cm (14.0 in) in length.
1976 Riverside 400
The 1976 Riverside 400 was a NASCAR Winston Cup Series race that took place on June 13, 1976, at Riverside International Raceway in Riverside, California. The California 150 for sportsman cars was run prior to this race. The winner was Ivan Baldwin followed by Dan Clark and Jim Sanderson.

Most of the vehicles in this event were Chevrolets. Roy Smith was the only Canadian competitor out of the 35-driver grid; the rest of them were American-born.

This was the first Riverside race whose distance was measured in kilometers instead of miles, much shorter than previously but more normal in elapsed time of a typical NASCAR Cup race.

Riverside International Raceway
Riverside International Raceway (sometimes known as Riverside, RIR, or Riverside Raceway) was a motorsports race track and road course established in the Edgemont area of Riverside County, California, just east of the city limits of Riverside and 50 mi (80 km) east of Los Angeles, in 1957. In 1984, the raceway became part of the newly incorporated city of Moreno Valley. Riverside was noted for its hot, dusty environment, which was a dangerous challenge for drivers. It was also considered one of the finest tracks in the United States. The track was in operation from September 22, 1957, to July 2, 1989, with the last race, The Budweiser 400, won by Rusty Wallace, held in 1988. After that final race, a shortened version of the circuit was kept open for car clubs and special events until 1989.
Xfinity Center (Mansfield, Massachusetts)
The Xfinity Center (originally the Great Woods Center for the Performing Arts and commonly Great Woods) is an outdoor amphitheatre located in Mansfield, Massachusetts. The venue opened during the summer of 1986 with a capacity of 12,000. It was expanded after 2000 to 19,900; 7,000 reserved seats, 7,000 lawn seats and 5,900 general admission seats. The season for the venue is typically from mid May until late September. In 2010, it was named Top Grossing Amphitheater by Billboard. It mainly hosts concerts; other events, such as graduation ceremonies, including that of Mansfield High School, occasionally take place.

Mansfield High School (Massachusetts)
Mansfield High School (MHS) is a four-year, comprehensive public high school located in Mansfield, Massachusetts, United States. It is the only high school in the Mansfield Public Schools system. MHS has approximately 1,300 students in grades nine though twelve. The school teams are named the Hornets, the mascot is Sting the Hornet, and the school colors are green, white, and black.
Fabio Campana
Fabio Campana (14 January 1819 – 2 February 1882) was an Italian composer, opera director, conductor, and singing teacher who composed eight operas which premiered between 1838 and 1869. He was born in Livorno, the city where his first two operas premiered, but in the early 1850s he settled in London. There he opened a famous singing school, conducted concerts, and continued his reputation as a prolific and popular composer of art songs and concert arias. His last opera, Esmeralda, premiered in Saint Petersburg in 1869, followed by London performances in 1870 with Adelina Patti in the title role. Campana died in London at the age of 63. Although his operas are no longer performed, his art songs can be heard on several modern recordings.

Teatro Comunale di Bologna
The Teatro Comunale di Bologna is an opera house in Bologna, Italy.  Typically, it presents eight operas with six performances during its November to April season.

While there had been various theatres presenting opera in Bologna since the early 17th century, they had either fallen into disuse or burnt down. However, from the early 18th century, the Teatro Marsigli-Rossi had been presenting operatic works by popular composers of the day including Vivaldi, Gluck, and Niccolò Piccinni. The Teatro Malvezzi, built in 1651, burned down in February 1745 and this event prompted the construction of a new theatre, the Nuovo Teatro Pubblico, as the Teatro Comunale was originally called when it opened on 14 May 1763.
Yabezi Kiiza
Yabezi Kiiza (20 January 1938 – 1 August 2016) was a Ugandan politician and civil engineer. He served as the 13th Prime Minister of Bunyoro, one of Uganda's traditional kingdoms, under Omukama Solomon Iguru I from 2009 to 2012.

Solomon Iguru I
Omukama Rukirabasaija Agutamba Solomon Gafabusa Iguru I (born 1948) is the 27th Omukama of Bunyoro from 1994 to present. The King's traditional alternative name used by family (known as empaako) is Amooti.

Solomon Iguru I rose to the throne in 1994. His father, Sir Winyi IV of Bunyoro, reigned  from 1927 to 1967. In 1967, the Ugandan government under Milton Obote abolished kingdoms.

In recent years, Solomon Iguru has promoted the Kingdom by founding the Association of the Representatives of Bunyoro-Kitara.

Solomon was formally recognised in the Uganda Gazette legal notice No. 303 of 2014.
On 17 October 2024, he was airlifted from his palace using an army helicopter sent by President Museveni after suffering a strange flu. The Kingdom premier asked the King's subjects to remain calm in that difficult situation.
Panzara River
The Panzara-Kan or Panjhra is a river in the Khandesh region of the Maharashtra state of India. It is a tributary of the Tapi River. The Panjhra River originates just few kilometers from the small town of Pimpalner Tal - Sakri in Dhule District.

Akkalpada Dam is built on Panzara River in Sakri Taluka

At its headwaters is a small reservoir which was created when the Latipada Dam was constructed.

Tapti River
The Tapti River (or Tapi) is a river in central India located to the south of the Narmada River that flows westwards before draining into the Arabian Sea. The river has a length of around 724 km (450 miles) and flows through the states of Maharashtra, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh. It flows through the city of Surat, in Gujarat, and is crossed by the Magdalla, ONGC Bridge.

On 7 August 1968, before the construction of the Ukai Dam to bring its waters under control and provide hydroelectric power, the Tapti River overflowed its banks during heavy rains in the monsoon season. More than 1,000 people drowned in the flood, and the city of Surat was submerged beneath 10 feet of water for several days. After the floodwaters receded, at least 1,000 more people died in Gujarat during a cholera epidemic from the contamination of the drinking water. The Tapti basin covers parts of Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Maharashtra.
1983 Swiss Open
The 1983 Swiss Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Gstaad, Switzerland that was part of the  1983 Volvo Grand Prix tennis circuit. It was the 37th edition of the tournament and was held from 4 July through 10 July 1983. Fifth-seeded Sandy Mayer won the singles title.

Swiss Open (tennis)
The EFG Swiss Open Gstaad (currently sponsored by EFG International) is a tennis tournament held in Gstaad, Switzerland. The tournament is played on outdoor clay courts. It is currently part of the ATP Tour schedule as an ATP Tour 250 series event. It is the eighth oldest tennis tournament in the world. Between 1971 and 1989 it was an event of the Grand Prix tennis circuit.
Ventral posteromedial nucleus
The ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) is a nucleus within the ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus and serves an analogous somatosensory relay role for the ascending trigeminothalamic tracts as its lateral neighbour the ventral posterolateral nucleus serves for dorsal column–medial lemniscus pathway 2nd-order neurons.

The term "ventral posteromedial nucleus" was introduced by Le Gros Clark in 1930.

Thalamus
The thalamus (pl.: thalami; from Greek θάλαμος, "chamber") is a large mass of gray matter on the lateral wall of the third ventricle forming the dorsal part of the diencephalon (a division of the forebrain). Nerve fibers project out of the thalamus to the cerebral cortex in all directions, known as the thalamocortical radiations, allowing hub-like exchanges of information. It has several functions, such as the relaying of sensory and motor signals to the cerebral cortex and the regulation of consciousness, sleep, and alertness.

Anatomically, the thalami are paramedian symmetrical structures (left and right), within the vertebrate brain, situated between the cerebral cortex and the midbrain. It forms during embryonic development as the main product of the diencephalon, as first recognized by the Swiss embryologist and anatomist Wilhelm His Sr. in 1893.
Orientation sheaf
In the mathematical field of algebraic topology, the orientation sheaf on a manifold X of dimension n is a locally constant sheaf oX on X such that the stalk of oX at a point x is the local homology group

(in the integer coefficients or some other coefficients).

Let  be the sheaf of differential k-forms on a manifold M. If n is the dimension of M, then the sheaf

is called the sheaf of (smooth) densities on M. The point of this is that, while one can integrate a differential form only if the manifold is oriented, one can always integrate a density, regardless of orientation or orientability; there is the integration map:

If M is oriented; i.e., the orientation sheaf of the tangent bundle of M is literally trivial, then the above reduces to the usual integration of a differential form.

Algebraic topology
Algebraic topology is a branch of mathematics that uses tools from abstract algebra to study topological spaces. The basic goal is to find algebraic invariants that classify topological spaces up to homeomorphism, though usually most classify up to homotopy equivalence.

Although algebraic topology primarily uses algebra to study topological problems, using topology to solve algebraic problems is sometimes also possible. Algebraic topology, for example, allows for a convenient proof that any subgroup of a free group is again a free group.