hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Carbonate compensation depth
The carbonate compensation depth (CCD) is the depth, in the oceans, at which the rate of supply of calcium carbonates matches the rate of solvation.  That is, solvation 'compensates' supply.  Below the CCD solvation is faster, so that carbonate particles dissolve and the carbonate shells (tests) of animals are not preserved.  Carbonate particles cannot accumulate in the sediments where the sea floor is below this depth.

Calcite is the least soluble of these carbonates, so the CCD is normally the compensation depth for calcite.  The aragonite compensation depth (ACD) is the compensation depth for aragonitic carbonates. Aragonite is more soluble than calcite, and the aragonite compensation depth is generally shallower than both the calcite compensation depth and the CCD.

Test (biology)
In biology, a test is the hard shell of some spherical aquatic animals and protists, notably sea urchins and microorganisms such as testate foraminiferans, radiolarians, and testate amoebae. The term is also applied to the covering of scale insects. The related Latin term testa is used for the outer layer of the hard seed coat of plant seeds.
History of rugby union matches between Canada and the United States
Canada and the United States have an international rivalry in rugby union dating back to 1977.  Historically, Canada have dominated the rivalry. However, between 2014 and 2024 the United States secured victory in 13 of 15 encounters, a concentration of victories that surpassed their total number of tests wins in the preceding 37 years. Canada won the latest matchup 34–20 in the opener of the 2025 Pacific Nations Cup.

The first ever match occurred in 1977 at Swangard Stadium in Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. Canada won the match 17–6. The United States' first win came the following year in Baltimore, Maryland, winning 12–7.

From 2013 to 2015 and in 2019, Canada and the United States played every June in the tournament now known as the Pacific Nations Cup (PNC), along with Japan, Fiji, Tonga, and Samoa. The 2024 World Rugby Pacific Nations Cup saw the return of both the United States and Canada.

Tonga national rugby union team
The Tonga national rugby union team (Tongan: timi feohi ʻakapulu fakafonua ʻa Tonga) represents Tonga in men's international rugby union. The team is nicknamed ʻIkale Tahi (Sea Eagles) and is governed by the Tonga Rugby Union. Like their Polynesian neighbours, the Tongans precede their matches with a traditional challenge – the Sipi Tau. They are members of the Pacific Islands Rugby Alliance (PIRA) along with Fiji and Samoa. The Ikale Tahi achieved a historic 19–14 victory over France in the 2011 Rugby World Cup, but having lost to New Zealand and Canada, were unable to achieve what would have been their first-ever presence at the quarter-finals.
House Party (radio and TV show)
House Party is an American radio daytime variety/talk show that aired on CBS Radio and on ABC Radio from January 15, 1945 to October 13, 1967. The show also had a long run on CBS Television as Art Linkletter's House Party and, in its final season, The Linkletter Show, airing from September 1, 1952 to September 5, 1969.

The series was launched when producer John Guedel learned that an ad agency wanted to do a new daytime audience participation show, and he pitched a series that would star Art Linkletter. Asked to provide an outline, Guedel and Linkletter came up with a format that would give Linkletter great freedom and allow for spontaneity.

CBS News Radio
CBS News Radio, formerly known as CBS Radio News and historically known as the CBS Radio Network, is a radio network that provides news to more than 1,000 radio stations throughout the United States. The network is owned by Paramount Skydance Corporation.  It is the last of the three original national U.S. radio networks (CBS, NBC Radio Network and Mutual Broadcasting System) still operating and still owned by its original parent company, even though CBS sold its owned and operated radio stations in 2017 to Entercom (now known as Audacy, Inc.). The current NBC Radio Network is owned by iHeartMedia, and licenses use of the NBC name and audio from NBC News.

CBS News Radio is one of the two national news services distributed by Skyview Networks, which transmits national news, talk, music and special event programs, in addition to local news, weather, video news and other information to radio and television stations, as well as traffic reporting services.
Ittefaq (2001 film)
Ittefaq (English: Coincidence) is a 2001 Indian Hindi-language masala film directed by Sanjay Khanna. It stars  Sunil Shetty, Pooja Batra and Mukul Dev in pivotal roles. Pop musician Remo Fernandes also makes a special appearance in the film. The film was a box office failure.

Suniel Shetty
Suniel Shetty (born Sunil V. Shetty; 11 August 1961) is an Indian actor, film producer, television host, and entrepreneur, primarily known for his work in Hindi cinema.  Nicknamed as Anna, Shetty has appeared in over 100 films, in a career spanning over three decades. Rising to prominence in the 1990s as a leading action hero with films like Balwaan (1992), Mohra (1994), Dilwale (1994), and Border (1997), Shetty later showcased his versatility in comedies such as Hera Pheri (2000), Phir Hera Pheri (2006) and antagonistic roles, notably winning a Filmfare Award for Best Villain for Dhadkan (2000). Beyond acting, he has produced films under Popcorn Motion Pictures, co-founded the online casting platform F...the Couch (FTC), and hosted reality shows.
Taxus
Taxus is a genus of coniferous trees or shrubs known as yews in the family Taxaceae. Yews occur around the globe in temperate zones of the northern hemisphere, northernmost in Norway and southernmost in the South Celebes. Some populations exist in tropical highlands.

The oldest known fossil species are from the Early Cretaceous.

Taxus brevifolia
Taxus brevifolia, the Pacific yew or western yew, is a species of tree in the yew family Taxaceae native to the Pacific Northwest of North America. It is a small evergreen conifer, thriving in moisture and otherwise tending to take the form of a shrub.
Chris Clark (singer)
Christine Elizabeth Clark (born February 1, 1946), better known as Chris Clark, is an American soul, jazz, and blues singer, who recorded for Motown Records. Clark became known to Northern soul fans for hit songs such as 1965's "Do Right Baby Do Right" (written by Berry Gordy) and 1966's "Love's Gone Bad" (Holland-Dozier-Holland). She later co-wrote the screenplay for the 1972 motion picture Lady Sings the Blues starring Diana Ross, which earned Clark an Academy Award nomination.

Lady Sings the Blues (film)
Lady Sings the Blues is a 1972 American biographical musical drama film directed by Sidney J. Furie about jazz singer Billie Holiday, loosely based on her 1956 autobiography that, in turn, took its title from Holiday's song. It is produced by Motown Productions for Paramount Pictures. Diana Ross, in her feature film debut, portrays Holiday, alongside a cast that includes Billy Dee Williams, Richard Pryor, James T. Callahan and Scatman Crothers. The film was nominated for five Academy Awards in 1973, including Best Actress for Diana Ross.
Amari Henderson
Amari Henderson (born September 8, 1997) is an American professional football defensive back for the Ottawa Redblacks of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He played college football at Wake Forest. He has also been a member of the Jacksonville Jaguars and Minnesota Vikings of the National Football League (NFL), and the Saskatchewan Roughriders of the CFL.

Ottawa Redblacks
The Ottawa Redblacks (officially stylized as REDBLACKS) (French: Rouge et Noir d'Ottawa) are a professional Canadian football team based in Ottawa. The team plays in the East Division of the Canadian Football League (CFL).

Starting play in 2014, the Redblacks are the third CFL team to play in the city of Ottawa. The Ottawa Rough Riders, formed in 1876, were a founding member of the CFL in 1958 and played until 1996. A new Ottawa franchise was formed as the Renegades in 2002 and lasted until the end of the 2005 season. The Redblacks won the 2016 Grey Cup Championship, which ended a 40-year Grey Cup championship drought for the city of Ottawa.
Chaahat (1996 film)
Chaahat (transl. Desire) is a 1996 Indian Hindi-language romantic action thriller film directed by Mahesh Bhatt. The film stars Shah Rukh Khan, Pooja Bhatt, Naseeruddin Shah, Ramya Krishnan, and Anupam Kher. Shah Rukh Khan acquired the rights of this film from Mahesh Bhatt in October 2013 under the banner, Red Chillies Entertainment. The film was remade in Odia as Prem Rogi in 2009.

Naseeruddin Shah
Naseeruddin Shah (born 20 July 1950) is an Indian actor who works primarily in Hindi films. He was notable in Indian parallel cinema and has starred in various international productions. He has won numerous awards in his career, including three National Film Awards, three Filmfare Awards and the Volpi Cup for Best Actor at the Venice Film Festival. The Government of India honoured him with the Padma Shri and the Padma Bhushan awards for his contributions to Indian cinema.

In 1982, he married his second wife, actress Ratna Pathak, daughter of actress Dina Pathak, with whom he has two sons. His sister-in-law is actress Supriya Pathak, who is married to actor Pankaj Kapur.
On the Ning Nang Nong
"On the Ning Nang Nong" is a children's poem by the comedian Spike Milligan first published in his 1959 book Silly Verse for Kids. A tongue twister and nonsense poem, it makes heavy use of made-up words, mismatching onomatopoeia, and alliteration. The poem was written for Milligan's children as part of his Silly Verse for Kids and has since come to be a favourite poem for young children.

In 1998 it was voted the UK's favourite comic poem in a nationwide poll, ahead of other nonsense poems by poets such as Lewis Carroll and Edward Lear. It has been set to music multiple times, notably for the ABC children's programme Play School, and is one of the most taught poems in UK primary schools.

Edward Lear
Edward Lear (12 May 1812 – 29 January 1888) was an English artist, illustrator, musician, author and poet, who is known mostly for his literary nonsense in poetry and prose and especially his limericks, a form he popularised but which term he never used.

His principal areas of work as an artist were threefold: as a draughtsman employed to make illustrations of birds and animals, making coloured drawings during his journeys (which he reworked later, sometimes as plates for his travel books) and as a minor illustrator of Alfred, Lord Tennyson's poems.

As an author, he is known principally for his popular nonsense collections of poems, songs, short stories, botanical drawings, recipes and alphabets. He also composed and published twelve musical settings of Tennyson's poetry.
Skevikarna
Skevikare, or Skevikarna, was a Swedish Radical Pietist Christian community. It was founded in c. 1722 in Finland when it was under Swedish rule by the "Eriksson brothers", two Swedish-speaking Finnish Swedish Army officers.

After initial prosecution by the Lutheran Orthodox authorities, they went on exile in Denmark, Germany, and the Netherlands during 11 years. In 1745 they were allowed to return to Sweden, where they established the community on the island Värmdön in the Stockholm archipelago outside of Stockholm.

After having been accepted by the authorities, they received many visitors, including two of Sweden's kings, showing them the respect they were denied for so many years. After Pietism was accepted as a legitimate expression of Lutheranism by the state church authorities, the Skevikare community eventually disestablished around 1830.

The literature produced by the community remains preserved by the Royal Library in Stockholm.

National Library of Sweden
The National Library of Sweden (Swedish: Kungliga biblioteket, KB, meaning "the Royal Library") is Sweden's national library. It collects and preserves all domestic printed and audio-visual materials in Swedish, as well as content with Swedish association published abroad. Being a research library, it also has major collections of literature in other languages.
Sabljići
Sabljići is a village located on the Croatian island of Krk. Located south of Malinska and southwest of Sveti Anton, it is part of the municipality of Malinska-Dubašnica. As of 2021, it had a population of 31.

Sveti Anton, Krk
Sveti Anton is a village located on the Croatian island of Krk. Located to the south of Malinska, it is part of the municipality Malinska-Dubašnica. As of 2021, it had 162 inhabitants. The village is named after Saint Anthony of Padua.
Anna Lazareva
Anna Nikolayevna Lazareva (Russian: Анна Николаевна Лазарева; born 31 January 1997) is a Russian professional volleyball player currently playing for the Atlanta Vibe of the Pro Volleyball Federation and the Russian National Team.

Atlanta Vibe
The Atlanta Vibe are a women's professional indoor volleyball team based in the Atlanta metropolitan area that competes in Major League Volleyball (MLV). The Vibe began play in the league's inaugural 2024 season. The team plays its home games at Gas South Arena.
Lung On (Liang Guanying)
Lung On (1863–1940) was a Chinese scholar, and businessman who immigrated to Oregon in the United States. He opened the apothecary store, Kam Wah Chung, alongside his partner, Ing "Doc" Hay. On became an established figure in the community of John Day, Oregon. He represented Chinese laborers as an interpreter and translator since he was fluent in both Chinese and English. On established businesses with investments in labor, mining, real estate, and automobile dealership. He was well-respected in his community and remained in John Day, Oregon until his death in 1940.

John Day, Oregon
John Day is a city located approximately 2 miles (3.2 km) north of Canyon City in Grant County, Oregon, United States, at the intersection of U.S. Routes 26 and 395. The city was named for the nearby John Day River, which, along with Dayville, had been named for a Virginia member of the 1811 Astor Expedition, John Day. The city was incorporated in 1901.

As of the 2020 census, the city had a total population of 1,664, making it the largest city in the county.
Solli tram stop
Solli is a light rail/tram stop on the Oslo Tramway.

Located at Solli plass, it was opened by Kristiania Elektriske Sporvei on 2 March 1894 as a part of the first stretch of what would become the Skøyen Line and the Frogner Line. It is served by line 13 and 12.  It is a short walk to Inkognitogata (Platforms E and F) served by Line 11 and Lapsetorvet (Platforms C and D) served by bus line 21 (Helsfyr - Tjuvholmen). Solli is also served by bus lines 30 (Bygdøy - Nydalen) and 31 (Snarøya - Fornebu - Tonsenhagen - Grorud T)

The National Library of Norway is located nearby, as are the headquarters of the Federation of Norwegian Commercial and Service Enterprises.

Skøyen Line
The Skøyen Line (Norwegian: Skøyenlinjen/Skøyenlinja) is a tramway line running from Slottsparken to Skøyen in Oslo, Norway. It is served by line 13 of the Oslo Tramway. It connects the Briskeby Line at Slottsparken to the Lilleaker Line at Skøyen.

The line was built on 2 March 1894 from Slottsparken to Skarpsno, and extended to Skøyen in 1903, by Kristiania Elektriske Sporvei. At first a shuttle service was provided on the branch line, but by April a through service was offered to Østbanen. The Skillebekk Line was extended on 31 December 1894 to Nobels gate, to Thune in 1901 and to Skøyen on 21 June 1903. On 9 May 1919 the Lilleaker Line was built from Skøyen to Lilleaker, as a suburban line.
Ivoux
Ivoux was the name of an electronic music project founded by musicians Maria Azevedo, Shawn Brice and Evan Sornstein and based in San Francisco. The name "Ivoux" stands for "voice", which signifies storytelling and personal expression. The band released one studio album titled Frozen: A Suite of Winter Songs in 1998 for COP International.

Battery (electro-industrial band)
Battery was an American electro-industrial trio based in San Francisco. It consisted of vocalist Maria Azevedo and musicians Evan Sornstein and Shawn Brice. They released four albums on COP International between 1993 and 1998 before disbanding.
Conjoined Queens
"Conjoined Queens" is the eighth episode of the seventh season of the American television series RuPaul's Drag Race. It originally aired on April 20, 2015. The episode's main challenge tasks the contestants with creating looks in pairs to resemble conjoined twins. Nelsan Ellis and LeAnn Rimes are guest judges. Former contestant Latrice Royale also makes a guest appearance for the mini-challenge. Jaidynn Diore Fierce is eliminated from the competition after placing in the bottom two pairs and losing a lip-sync contest against her fellow teammate Tempest DuJour as well as Ginger Minj and Sasha Belle to "I Think We're Alone Now" by Tiffany.

Latrice Royale
Timothy K. Wilcots (born February 12, 1972), better known by the stage name Latrice Royale, is an American drag queen, singer, character actress, and reality television personality. She is best known for her appearances on the fourth season of RuPaul's Drag Race in 2012 and on the first and fourth seasons of RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars.  She finished in the Top 4 on her original season; in its final episode, she was crowned Miss Congeniality. She placed fifth on the fourth season of All Stars.
Ludwigshöhe (mountain)
The Ludwigshöhe is a mountain in the Pennine Alps on the Swiss-Italian border. It is situated near the Dufourspitze in the Monte Rosa Massif. The summit is the tripoint between Valais, Aosta Valley and Piedmont.

Dufourspitze
The Dufourspitze is the highest peak of Monte Rosa, an ice-covered mountain massif in the Alps. Dufourspitze is the highest mountain of both Switzerland and the Pennine Alps and is also the second-highest mountain of the Alps and Western Europe, after Mont Blanc. It is located between Switzerland (Canton of Valais) and Italy (Piedmont and Aosta Valley). The peak itself is located wholly in Switzerland.

Following a long series of attempts beginning in the early nineteenth century, Monte Rosa's summit, then still called Höchste Spitze (English: Highest Peak), was first reached on 1 August, the Swiss National celebration day, in 1855 from Zermatt by a party of eight climbers led by three guides: Matthäus and Johannes Zumtaugwald, Ulrich Lauener, Christopher and James Smyth, Charles Hudson, John Birkbeck and Edward Stephenson.
Khuzdul
Khuzdul (pronounced [kʰuzˈdul]) is a fictional language created by J. R. R. Tolkien, one of the languages of Middle-earth, specifically the secret and private language of the Dwarves. He based its structure and phonology on Semitic languages, primarily Hebrew, with triconsonantal roots of words. Very little of its grammar is defined.

Phonology
Phonology (formerly also phonemics or phonematics) is the branch of linguistics that studies how languages systematically organize their phonemes or, for sign languages, their constituent parts of signs. The term can also refer specifically to the sound or sign system of a particular language variety. At one time, the study of phonology related only to the study of the systems of phonemes in spoken languages, but now it may relate to any linguistic analysis either:

Sign languages have a phonological system equivalent to the system of sounds in spoken languages. The building blocks of signs are specifications for movement, location, and handshape. At first, a separate terminology was used for the study of sign phonology ("chereme" instead of "phoneme", etc.), but the concepts are now considered to apply universally to all human languages.
William Morgan (British Army officer)
General Sir William Duthie Morgan, GCB, DSO, MC (15 December 1891 – 13 May 1977) was a British Army officer. During the Second World War, he served as Chief of Staff to Field Marshal Harold Alexander, and later succeeded him as Supreme Allied Commander in the Mediterranean Theatre of Operations.

General (United Kingdom)
General (or full general to distinguish it from the lower general officer ranks) is the highest rank achievable by serving officers of the British Army and the Royal Marines.  The rank can also be held by Royal Marines officers in tri-service posts, for example, Generals Sir Gordon Messenger and Sir Gwyn Jenkins, former Vice-Chiefs of the Defence Staff. It ranks above lieutenant-general and, in the Army, is subordinate to the rank of field marshal, which is now awarded as an honorary rank only.  The rank of general has a NATO-code of OF-9, and is a four-star rank.  It is equivalent to a full admiral in the Royal Navy or an air chief marshal in the Royal Air Force.

Officers holding the ranks of general, lieutenant-general and major-general are 'general officers' and may be addressed as 'general'.
Sumangali (1940 film)
Sumangali  is a 1940 Telugu-language film written, directed and produced by B. N. Reddy. The film stars V. Nagayya, A. S. Giri, Kumari and Malathi. The main concept of the film widow remarriage is inspired by Kandukuri Veeresalingam.

B.N. Reddi
Bommireddi Narasimha Reddy (16 November 1908 – 8 November 1977), professionally known as B. N. Reddy, was an Indian film director, producer, and screenwriter. He was an early figure in the Telugu cinema. Many of his earlier films like Vande Mataram (1939), Devatha (1941) had V. Nagayya as the lead. His Malliswari (1951) starring N. T. Rama Rao and Bhanumathi is considered a timeless Indian film classic. Reddi was the first film personality to receive the Dadasaheb Phalke Award from South India the highest honorary award of Indian cinema. He was awarded India's third highest civilian honour the Padmabhushan, and the Doctor of Letters.
The 7 Adventures of Sinbad
The 7 Adventures of Sinbad (previously The 7 Voyages of Sinbad) is a 2010 American adventure film directed by Adam Silver and Ben Hayflick. As a mockbuster distributed by The Asylum, it attempts to capitalize on Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time and Clash of the Titans.

Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time (film)
Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time is a 2010 action fantasy film based on the video game series Prince of Persia created by Jordan Mechner. It was directed by Mike Newell from a screenplay by Boaz Yakin, Doug Miro, and Carlo Bernard, based on a story by Mechner. The film stars Jake Gyllenhaal, Ben Kingsley, Gemma Arterton, and Alfred Molina. It is an adaptation of the 2003 video game of the same name published by Ubisoft. Elements from its sequels Warrior Within (2004) and The Two Thrones (2005) are also incorporated.

Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time premiered in London on May 9, 2010, and was released theatrically in the United Kingdom on May 21 and the United States on May 28 by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. The film received mixed reviews from critics and had grossed over $336.4 million on a production budget of $150–200 million, and was the highest-grossing video game film adaptation until it was surpassed by Warcraft in 2016.
Lost in Hong Kong
Lost in Hong Kong is a 2015 Chinese comedy film directed, co-written and co-produced by Xu Zheng, starring himself along with Zhao Wei, Bao Bei'er, and Du Juan. This is Xu's second directorial feature, after the huge domestic hit Lost in Thailand (2012) which grossed over US$208 million.  A third film in the "Lost in" series, Lost in Russia was released in 2020, although all three films' plot and characters are unrelated.

It was released in Mainland China on September 25, 2015, and broke several national box office records. It was released in Hong Kong and Macau on November 19.

Du Juan
Du Juan (simplified Chinese: 杜鹃; traditional Chinese: 杜鵑; pinyin: Dù Juān; born September 15, 1982, in Shanghai, China) is a Chinese actress, model, and former ballet dancer. She was the first  East Asian model to be on the cover of Vogue Paris and has appeared on the cover of Vogue China a record 18 times, more than any other model or celebrity.