hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thermal equilibrium
Two physical systems are in thermal equilibrium if there is no net flow of thermal energy between them when they are connected by a path permeable to heat. Thermal equilibrium obeys the zeroth law of thermodynamics. A system is said to be in thermal equilibrium with itself if the temperature within the system is spatially uniform and temporally constant.

Systems in thermodynamic equilibrium are always in thermal equilibrium, but the converse is not always true. If the connection between the systems allows transfer of energy as 'change in internal energy' but does not allow transfer of matter or transfer of energy as work, the two systems may reach thermal equilibrium without reaching thermodynamic equilibrium.

Heat
In thermodynamics, heat is defined as the form of energy crossing the boundary of a thermodynamic system by virtue of a temperature difference across the boundary. A thermodynamic system does not contain heat. Nevertheless, the term is also often used to refer to the thermal energy contained in a system as a component of its internal energy and that is reflected in the temperature of the system.

Calorimetry is measurement of heat by its effect on the states of interacting bodies, for example, by the amount of ice melted or by change in temperature of a body.

In the International System of Units (SI), the unit of measurement for heat is the joule (J).
Emerick Ishikawa
Emerick K. Ishikawa (October 23, 1920 – November 26, 2006) was an American weightlifter from Hawaii. In 1944 he set a world record in the bantamweight class at the U.S. National Weightlifting Championships. He won Amateur Athletic Union championships as a bantamweight in 1944 and 1945, and as a featherweight in 1946 and 1947. In 1947 he also won a bronze medal in the featherweight class of the World Championships. He also competed in the men's featherweight event at the 1948 Summer Olympics.

In 1975 he was inducted into the (American) National Weightlifting Hall of Fame, and in 1999 he was inducted into the Hawaii Sports Hall of Fame.

He was Japanese-American, and was held for some time at a Japanese American internment camp at Tule Lake in California.

Hawaii Sports Hall of Fame
21°19′59″N 157°52′22″W﻿ / ﻿21.3329195°N 157.8728014°W﻿ / 21.3329195; -157.8728014
The Hawaii Sports Hall of Fame is a sports hall of fame and museum in the U.S. state of Hawaii. According to the hall's official website, it servers as the "state museum for sports history in the islands," and "is best described as an educational repository created to enshrine athletes, pioneers and contributors of Hawai'i's rich sports history." The organization was founded in 1997 and a selection committee meets once a year in December. The flagship exhibition for the hall is located in the Bishop Museum in Honolulu.

The 2016 class, inducted in May 2016, included water polo player Brandon Brooks, decathlete Bryan Clay, soccer player Brian Ching, and brothers Ma'ake Kemoeatu and Chris Kemoeatu for American football.
Anni Ribelli
Anni Ribelli is a 1996 Italian Argentine romantic drama film directed and written by Rosalia Polizzi. The film starred Leticia Brédice, Massimo Dapporto, Esther Goris and Alessandra Acciai. Actress Leticia Brédice won a Silver Condor Award for best actress in 1997 for her performance.

Esther Goris
María Esther Goris (born 5 March 1960) is an Argentine actress. Her film career started in 1983 with Los enemigos and Gracias por el fuego (Thanks for the Fire, based on Mario Benedetti's homonymous novel). In 1996, she starred in Eva Perón: The True Story as Evita during the last year of her life, with Víctor Laplace as Juan Perón.
Garrow Tor
Garrow Tor is a bare, tor-crowned hill, 330 metres (1,080 ft) high, located on Garrow Downs in the northwest of Bodmin Moor in the county of Cornwall, England, UK.

At the summit of Garrow Tor are granite rock outcrops and the hill also bears extensive evidence of early settlement, including a massive stone hedge, Bronze Age settlements and hut circles and Medieval settlements. Panoramic views from the summit include Caradon Hill to the south, Rough Tor and Brown Willy to the north, Butter's Tor to the east, clay country to the west and the Atlantic Ocean to the northwest.

The De Lank River runs past the eastern flank of the tor from north to south, before swinging southwest around the southern foot of the hill. King Arthur's Hall lies a kilometre to the southwest.

When visiting the hill, a useful place to park is by the waterworks to the southwest.

Bodmin Moor
Bodmin Moor (Cornish Standard Written Form: Goon Brenn) is a granite moorland in north-eastern Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is 208 square kilometres (80 sq mi) in size, and the granite dates from the Permian period of geological history. It includes Brown Willy, the highest point in Cornwall, and Rough Tor, a slightly lower peak. Many of Cornwall's rivers have their sources here. It has been inhabited since at least the Neolithic era, when early farmers started clearing trees and farming the land. They left their megalithic monuments, hut circles and cairns, and the Bronze Age culture that followed left further cairns, and more stone circles and stone rows. By medieval and modern times, nearly all the forest was gone and livestock rearing predominated.

The name Bodmin Moor is relatively recent. An early mention is in the Royal Cornwall Gazette of 28 November 1812. The upland area was formerly known as Fowey Moor after the River Fowey, which rises within it.
Careful What You Wish For (film)
Careful What You Wish For is a 2015 American erotic thriller film directed by Elizabeth Allen Rosenbaum, and starring Nick Jonas, Isabel Lucas, Graham Rogers, and Dermot Mulroney. The film was released on June 10, 2016, by Starz Digital. Its plot is heavily inspired by the 1981 film Body Heat.

Starz Distribution
Starz Distribution, formerly IDT Entertainment and Starz Media, was an American television production, distribution and syndication company and the distribution arm of Starz Inc., a subsidiary of Starz Entertainment, established in 2003. It develops, produces and acquires original programming content branded as Starz Originals, feature films and other audiovisual programming for distribution across television, home video and streaming media.
Michinori Shiraishi
Michinori Shiraishi (白石通教, Shiraishi Michinori) (1 December 1910 – 15 August 1945) was a Lieutenant Colonel (Chūsa (中佐)) in the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II. He was brother-in-law to General Takeshi Mori, commander of the First Imperial Guards Division, in charge of defending Tokyo and the surrounding region.

Very early on the morning of 15 August 1945, Shiraishi was in his brother-in-law's office when Mori was visited by Major Kenji Hatanaka, Lt. Colonels Jiro Shiizaki and Masataka Ida, and Captain Shigetaro Uehara, who sought Mori's aid in a coup.  They wished to seize the Imperial Palace and prevent the Emperor's declaration of Japan's surrender. Mori refused the conspirators, and Uehara allegedly made to kill the General with his sword; Shiraishi leapt in front of his brother-in-law, and was killed himself. Mere moments later, Hatanaka murdered General Mori.

Kenji Hatanaka
Major Kenji Hatanaka (畑中 健二, Hatanaka Kenji) (28 March 1912 – 15 August 1945) was a Japanese military officer and one of the chief conspirators in the Kyūjō incident, a plot to seize the Imperial Palace and to prevent the broadcast of Emperor Hirohito's surrender speech to mark the end of World War II.
Jasmin Gassmann
Jasmin Gassmann formerly known as Jasmin Lord (born as Jasmin Gaßmann; 6 November 1989) is a German actress and film director of Colombian descent. She is well known for playing Rebecca von Lahnstein in German soap opera Verbotene Liebe. She will play Ximena in upcoming Croatian film about Ante Gotovina The General, together with Goran Višnjić and Armand Assante.

Goran Višnjić
Goran Višnjić (Croatian: [ɡǒran ʋîʃɲitɕ] VISH-nyich; born 9 September 1972) is a Croatian actor.  He is best known for his roles as Dr. Luka Kovač in ER and Garcia Flynn in Timeless, both NBC television series. For ER, he and the cast were nominated for two Screen Actors Guild Awards.
Reunion (Big Love)
"Reunion" is the third episode of the second season of the American drama television series Big Love. It is the fifteenth overall episode of the series and was written by Dustin Lance Black, and directed by Alan Poul. It originally aired on HBO on June 25, 2007.

The series is set in Salt Lake City and follows Bill Henrickson, a fundamentalist Mormon. He practices polygamy, having Barbara, Nicki and Margie as his wives. The series charts the family's life in and out of the public sphere in their suburb, as well as their associations with a fundamentalist compound in the area. In the episode, Bill and Nicki visit Juniper Creek to save Joey from prison, while Barbara questions Ben's time with Margie.

According to Nielsen Media Research, the episode was seen by an estimated 1.66 million household viewers and gained a 0.8/2 ratings share among adults aged 18–49. The episode received extremely positive reviews from critics, who deemed it as an improvement over the previous episodes.

Nicolette Grant
Nicolette Eugenia "Nicki" Grant is a character in Big Love, an HBO television series set among contemporary polygamists in Utah. The role is played by Chloë Sevigny. The show focuses on the family of Bill Henrickson; Nicki is the second of Henrickson's three wives, and the mother of three of his children: Cara Lynn (with JJ Walker), Wayne, and Raymond.
Sandy Salmon
Sandy Salmon is an American politician, military veteran, and farm manager. Salmon is a Republican member of the Iowa Senate from District 29 and previously served on the Iowa House of Representatives as the Representative from District 63 from 2013 to 2023.

Iowa House of Representatives
41°35′28″N 93°36′14″W﻿ / ﻿41.591°N 93.604°W﻿ / 41.591; -93.604

The Iowa House of Representatives is the lower house of the Iowa General Assembly, the upper house being the Iowa Senate. There are 100 seats in the Iowa House of Representatives, representing 100 single-member districts across the state, formed by dividing the 50 Senate districts in half. Each district has a population of approximately 30,464 as of the 2010 United States census. The House of Representatives meets at the Iowa State Capitol in Des Moines.

Unlike the upper house, the Iowa Senate, state House representatives serve two-year terms with the whole chamber up for re-election in even-numbered years. There are no term limits for the House.
Physcia dakotensis
Physcia dakotensis is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) foliose lichen in the family Physciaceae. It was formally described as new to science in 2004, based on specimens collected from granitic rock in South Dakota, USA. The lichen forms small, tightly appressed, leaf-like thalli with narrow gray lobes that produce distinctive coarse, upright soredia, and it was initially mistaken for the eastern North American species P. subtilis. It is distinguished by its highly fissured morphology, poorly developed lower cortex with sparse rhizines, and K-positive cortex containing atranorin.

Rhizine
In lichens, rhizines are multicellular root-like structures arising mainly from the lower surface. A lichen with rhizines is termed rhizinate, while a lichen lacking rhizines is termed erhizinate. Rhizines serve only to anchor the lichen to their substrate; they do not absorb nutrients, as plant roots do. Characteristics of the rhizines are used to identify lichens, for example, whether they are dense or sparse, uniformly distributed or clumped in specific areas, and straight or branched. Only foliose lichens may possess rhizines, not crustose or fruticose lichens, which lack a lower cortex.

Rhizohyphae are a type of attachment structure on some lichens. Rhizohyphae are more slender than rhizines and are one cell thick in diameter. Rhizohyphae often occur as a felt-like hyphal mass.
Jumpshare
Jumpshare is a visual communication platform that offers file sharing, screen recording, screenshot capture and annotation, GIF creation, and other collaborative tools in a single app. It is available on Windows, macOS, iOS, and as a Web app. Jumpshare uses a freemium business model, providing free accounts with limited features and a paid subscription that includes unlimited recording time, access to Jumpshare AI, and advanced features such as captions and transcriptions, call-to-action buttons, video and audio editing, enhanced sharing options, password protection, analytics, and custom branding.

File sharing
File sharing is the practice of distributing or providing access to digital media, such as computer programs, multimedia (audio, images and video), documents or electronic books. Common methods of storage, transmission and dispersion include removable media, centralized servers on computer networks, Internet-based hyperlinked documents, and the use of distributed peer-to-peer networking.

File sharing technologies, such as BitTorrent, are integral to modern media piracy, as well as the sharing of scientific data and other free content.
Sekimachi-Kita
Sekimachi-Kita (関町北) is a neighborhood of Nerima Ward in Tokyo, Japan. The residential address system has been implemented since January 1, 1978, and the current administrative names go from Sekmachi-Kita 1st Street to 5th Street (丁目, chōme).

The Shakujii River runs through the middle of the neighborhood, along the Seibu Shinjuku Line. Musashi-Seki Station is in the center of the neighborhood, and there is a shōtengai on both the north and south exits. North of the station is Honryūji Temple, known for the traditional Seki-no-Boroichi flea market, which has been held every December since 1751, during the Edo period. Southwest of the station is Musashi-Seki Park, a ward-operated park known for its cherry blossoms in spring and rentable boats. To the south is Ōme-kaidō Avenue, a highway that exists since the Edo period. Several Japanese animation studios are also located in this neighborhood.

Ōme-kaidō Avenue
Ōme-kaidō Avenue (青梅街道) is one of the main roads leading westwards out of Tokyo.  It begins in Shinjuku Ward, passes through the city of Ōme, and ends in the city of Kōfu, in Yamanashi Prefecture.

The road was originally developed in 1606 to transport lime from Ōme during the land reclamation efforts in Edo during the Tokugawa era and was known by different names in different eras and regions over the course of time, as "Ogawa-michi" and "Hakonegasaki-michi" in Edo, "Afume-michi" or "Mitake-michi" in Ōme, and "Haraedo-michi" in Hakonegasaki. It was identified as Ōme-kaidō on a survey map created in 1880 and formally designated as such in 1962.
Liza Levy
Liza Levy is an American community activist in Washington, D.C. She is a past president of the Jewish Federation of Greater Washington, co-founder of the Jewish Coalition Against Domestic Abuse, and co-founder of the Tikkun Olam Women's Foundation.

She has been honored with the Kipnis/Wilson Friedland Award from the Jewish Federations of North America as well as the Jerome J. Dick Young Leadership Award.

Jewish Federations of North America
The Jewish Federations of North America (JFNA), formerly the United Jewish Communities (UJC), is an American Jewish umbrella organization for the Jewish Federations system, representing over 350 independent Jewish communities across North America that raise and distribute over $2 billion annually, including through planned giving and endowment programs, to support social welfare, social services and educational needs. Jewish Federations also provides fundraising, organization assistance, training, and overall leadership to the Jewish Federations and communities throughout the United States and Canada. The Federation movement protects and enhances the well-being of Jews worldwide through the values of tikkun olam, tzedakah and Torah.

JFNA was formed from the merger of the United Jewish Appeal (UJA), Council of Jewish Federations, and the United Israel Appeal. The organization hosts an annual General Assembly event for the broad North American Jewish community.
Jeannine Henaff
Jeannine Henaff (born 7 August 1936, also published as Jeannine Le Goff epouse Henaff) is a French electrical engineer affiliated with the Centre national d'études des télécommunications who published early work on the applications of surface acoustic waves in electronics, including the use of SAW filters to perform Hadamard transforms for videotelephony.

Henaff was born on 7 August 1936 in Paris. She studied engineering at the École supérieure d'électricité, commonly called Supélec, earned a doctorate in physical sciences, and began working for the Centre national d'études des télécommunications (CNET) in 1958.

With Michel Feldmann, she wrote the book Traitement du signal par ondes élastiques de surface (Masson, 1986), translated into English as Surface Acoustic Waves for Signal Processing (Artech, 1989). She was named a Fellow of the IEEE in 1997, "for contributions to the analysis, design and realization of telecommunication systems".

Centre national d'études des télécommunications
The Centre national d'études des télécommunications (French language acronym CNET, national center for telecommunication studies in English) was a French national research centre in telecommunications.

It was created on May 4, 1944 as a French interministerial research centre, but it was placed under the general supervision of the French Minister of PTT (Posts and Telecommunications).

In 1990, Directorate General of Telecommunications (DGT) (part of the French Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications) became France Télécom and CNET became the R&D (research and development) centre of France Télécom. In March 2000, CNET was renamed and became part of France Télécom R&D, the research and development division of France Télécom. This division was derived from CNET, the Centre commun d'études de télévision et télécommunications (CCETT, created in 1972) as well as other entities. Since 2007, France Telecom R&D is known as Orange Labs, a global network of R&D entities.
Wildlife of the Channel Islands of California
The wildlife of the Channel Islands of California is wide and diverse, including many endemic species. While the land wildlife is slightly limited, there being only one large, naturally predatory, and native mammal, the small island fox, marine life can include anything from kelp forests to great white sharks.

Lyonothamnus
Lyonothamnus is a monotypic genus of trees in the rose family containing the single living species Lyonothamnus floribundus, which is known by the common name Channel Island ironwood, and the subspecies L. f. ssp. aspleniifolius  and L. f. ssp. floribundus.
Tureen Afroz
Tureen Afroz is a Bangladeshi lawyer and educator. She has worked a lawyer at the Supreme Court of Bangladesh and taught law at Western Sydney University, Monash University and BRAC University. In 2013, she was appointed by the Hasina government as a senior prosecutor of the International Crimes Tribunal of Bangladesh to try war criminals of the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War. She prosecuted cases against Ali Ahsan Mohammad Mojaheed, Ghulam Azam, Muhammad Kamaruzzaman, Motiur Rahman Nizami, and Salauddin Quader Chowdhury. She was removed from the tribunal amid controversy over allegedly meeting accused war criminal Mohammad Wahidul Haque. She has denied these allegations.

Ali Ahsan Mohammad Mojaheed
Ali Ahsan Mohammad Mojaheed (23 June 1948 – 22 November 2015) was a Bangladeshi politician who served as a Member of Parliament and as the country's Minister of Social Welfare from 2001 to 2006.

He was sentenced to death after trial in 2015 after accusations of war crimes which were allegedly committed during the Bangladesh War of Independence in 1971.

He was accused of being second in command of Al-Badr paramilitary force in 1971, which committed war crimes at that time. On 17 July 2013, he was found guilty of genocide, of conspiracy in the mass killings of Bengali intellectuals, and of abduction, all during the 1971 War of Liberation, by the International Crimes Tribunal-2 and sentenced to death for two of the seven charges brought against him.

The High Court rejected his review petition on 18 November 2015. He was hanged on 22 November 2015. Until his death, he was the Secretary General of an Islamist party, Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami.
6b/8b encoding
In telecommunications, 6b/8b is a line code that expands 6-bit codes to 8-bit symbols for the purposes of maintaining DC-balance in a communications system.

The 6b/8b encoding is a balanced code --
each 8-bit output symbol contains 4 zero bits and 4 one bits. So the code can, like a parity bit, detect all single-bit errors.

The number of 8-bit patterns with 4 bits set is the binomial coefficient  = 70.  Further excluding the patterns 11110000 and 00001111, this allows 68 coded patterns: 64 data codes, plus 4 additional control codes.

8b/10b encoding
In telecommunications, 8b/10b is a line code that maps 8-bit words to 10-bit symbols to achieve DC balance and bounded disparity, and at the same time provide enough state changes to allow reasonable clock recovery.  This means that the difference between the counts of ones and zeros in a string of at least 20 bits is no more than two, and that there are not more than five ones or zeros in a row. This helps to reduce the demand for the lower bandwidth limit of the channel necessary to transfer the signal.

An 8b/10b code can be implemented in various ways with focus on different performance parameters. One implementation was designed by K. Odaka for the DAT digital audio recorder. Kees Schouhamer Immink designed an 8b/10b code for the DCC audio recorder. The IBM implementation was described in 1983 by Al Widmer and Peter Franaszek.
Ezinma
Meredith Ezinma Ramsay (born January 11, 1991), known professionally as Ezinma, is an American violinist, model, music educator and film composer from Lincoln, Nebraska. Ramsay gained viral fame in 2017 by performing a violin cover of American rapper Future's hit "Mask Off", and for her performance during Beyoncé's 2018 Coachella performance. In 2020 she debuted as a solo musician under Universal Music Classics.

Mask Off
"Mask Off" is a song by American rapper Future from his eponymous fifth studio album (2017). The track was later released as the second single after initially charting as an album track. "Mask Off" was written by Future alongside producer Metro Boomin, with additional writing credits going to Tommy Butler for the sampling of "Prison Song".

It was Future's highest-charting single, peaking at number five on the US Billboard Hot 100, until the releases of "Life Is Good" (2020), "Way 2 Sexy" (2021), "Wait for U" (2022), and "Like That" (2024) with the former peaking at number two, and the latter three peaking at number one. The song was also his highest charting solo song until "Puffin on Zootiez" (2022) peaked at number four. A remix featuring Kendrick Lamar was released on May 23, 2017.

Future and the FreeWishes Foundation announced the "Mask On" campaign in 2020. Together, they provided more than 100,000 masks during the COVID-19 pandemic.
MuchMoreMusic Award
The following is a list of the MuchMusic Video Awards winners for the MuchMoreMusic Award. This award is now defunct, and has not been awarded since 2007.

The category was formerly presented as the MuchMusic Video Award for Adult Contemporary Video, and was renamed the MuchMoreMusic Award with the launch of MuchMoreMusic in 1998.

IHeartRadio MMVAs
The iHeartRadio Much Music Video Awards were an awards show broadcast annually on Much from 1990 to 2018, and Fuse from 2010 to 2013 that honoured the year's best music videos.

Originally debuting in 1990 as the Canadian Music Video Awards, the awards were renamed in 1995 to the MuchMusic Video Awards. In 2016, the show was rebranded under the iHeartRadio banner after Much's parent company, Bell Media, reached a licensing agreement with iHeartMedia. The show's full name was officially dropped in 2018. The 2018 edition would ultimately be the last, amidst the scaling back and eventual discontinuation of all music programming on the channel due to declining ratings.