hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
4th Guards Infantry Division (German Empire)
The 4th Guards Infantry Division (4. Garde-Infanterie-Division) was a unit of the Imperial German Army in World War I. The division was formed on May 18, 1915. It was part of a wave of new infantry divisions formed in the spring of 1915. The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I.  It was a division of the Prussian Guards and hence recruited from all over the Kingdom of Prussia.

The division was formed primarily from the excess infantry regiments of regular infantry divisions which were being triangularized. The division's 5th Guards Infantry Brigade was transferred from the 3rd Guards Infantry Division, and came to the division with the 5th Foot Guards and the 5th Guard Grenadiers. The 93rd Reserve Infantry Regiment came from the 1st Guards Reserve Division.

5th Guards Grenadiers
The 5th Guard Grenadiers (German: Garde-Grenadier-Regiment Nr. 5) was a regiment of the Prussian Army prior to and during the First World War.

Established in 1897, it was part of the 5th Guard Infantry Brigade.

The regiment was disbanded following the war and perpetuated by 5th and 6th Company, 4th Infantry Regiment of the Reichswehr.
Chester Street
Chester Street is a street in central London's Belgravia district. It runs south-west to north-east from Upper Belgrave Street to Grosvenor Place.

The poet Algernon Charles Swinburne was born at no 7 in 1837, the eldest of six children of Captain (later Admiral) Charles Henry Swinburne (1797–1877) and Lady Jane Henrietta, daughter of the George Ashburnham, 3rd Earl of Ashburnham.

The politician Alexander Perceval died at no 28 in 1859. The businessman and banker George Macaulay Booth was living in the same house in 1936.

The artist Frederick Yeates Hurlstone died at no 9 in 1869.

In 1920, John Godley, 3rd Baron Kilbracken was born in Chester Street.

Grosvenor Place
Grosvenor Place is a street in Belgravia, London, running from Hyde Park Corner down the west side of Buckingham Palace gardens, and joining Lower Grosvenor Place where there are some cafes and restaurants. It joins Grosvenor Gardens to the south, which links it to Victoria railway station.  At No. 17 is the Embassy of the Republic of Ireland.

Cleveland Clinic London, the second-largest of 19 private hospitals in the capital, is at no.33.
Meet the Stans
Holidays in the Danger Zone: Meet the Stans is a four-part travel documentary on Central Asia, part of the Holidays in the Danger Zone series, produced and broadcast by BBC Correspondent (now This World). Written and presented by Simon Reeve, It was first broadcast from 3–6 November 2003, on BBC Two, and internationally during 2004 and 2005.

Episode 1: Kazakhstan

Episode 2: Kyrgyzstan

Episode 3: Uzbekistan

Episode 4: Tajikistan

In the series Reeve visits four of the five former soviet Central Asia republics (not Turkmenistan). Travelling from the far north-west of Kazakhstan by the Russian border, goes east to the Chinese border, south through Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan to the edge of Afghanistan, and west to Uzbekistan and the legendary Silk Road cities of Samarkand and Bukhara.

This World (TV series)
This World is a current affairs programme which produced by the BBC and broadcast on BBC Two in the United Kingdom, first airing on 4 January 2004. The programme also airs worldwide occasionally through BBC World News on digital services, satellite and cable in many countries. The series is mainly focused on social issues and current affairs stories around the world.
Luo Qinshun
Luo Qinshun (25 December 1465 – 13 May 1547) was a Chinese scholar-official and Neo-Confucian philosopher during the Ming dynasty. He became the most influential representative of Neo-Confucian orthodoxy during his time. While he adhered to the traditional teachings, he also introduced innovative ideas, specifically in regards to the relationship between the principles of li and qi, and the mind and nature of xin and xing. His beliefs were in direct opposition to the subjectivism found in the teachings of Wang Yangming and Chan Buddhism.

Wang Yangming
Wang Shouren (Chinese: 王守仁, 26 October 1472 – 9 January 1529), courtesy name Bo'an (Chinese: 伯安), art name Yangmingzi (traditional Chinese: 陽明子; simplified Chinese: 阳明子), usually referred to as Wang Yangming (traditional Chinese: 王陽明; simplified Chinese: 王阳明), was a Chinese statesman, general, and Neo-Confucian philosopher during the Ming dynasty. After Zhu Xi, he is commonly regarded as the most important Neo-Confucian thinker, for his interpretations of Confucianism that denied the rationalist dualism of the orthodox philosophy of Zhu Xi. Wang and Lu Xiangshan are regarded as the founders as the Lu–Wang school, or the School of the Mind.

In China, Japan, and Western countries, he is known by his honorific name rather than his private name.
Ravnogor Peak
Ravnogor Peak (Bulgarian: връх Равногор, romanized: vrah Ravnogor, IPA: [ˈvrɤx rɐvnoˈɡɔr]) is the rocky, partly ice-free peak rising to 937 m in southeastern Poibrene Heights on Oscar II Coast, Graham Land in Antarctica.

The feature is named after the settlement of Ravnogor in southern Bulgaria.

Oscar II Coast
Oscar II Coast is that portion of the east coast of the Antarctic Peninsula between Cape Fairweather to the north, and Cape Alexander to the south. Discovered in 1893 by Captain C.A. Larsen, who named it for King Oscar II of Norway and Sweden. To the north of this coast is Nordenskjöld Coast.
Minoan frescoes from Tell el-Dab'a
The Minoan wall paintings at Tell el-Dab'a are of particular interest to Egyptologists and archaeologists. They are of Minoan style, content, and technology, but there is uncertainty over the ethnic identity of the artists. The paintings depict images of bull-leaping, bull-grappling, griffins, and hunts. They were discovered by a team of archaeologists led by Manfred Bietak, in the palace district of the Thutmosid period at Tell el-Dab'a. The frescoes date to the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt, most likely during the reigns of either the pharaohs Hatshepsut (reigned c. 1479 – 1458 BCE) or Thutmose III (reigned 1479 – 1425 BCE), after being previously considered to belong to the late Second Intermediate Period. The paintings indicate an involvement of Egypt in international relations and cultural exchanges with the Eastern Mediterranean either through marriage or exchange of gifts.

Manfred Bietak
Manfred Bietak (born in Vienna, 6 October 1940) is an Austrian archaeologist. He is professor emeritus of Egyptology at the University of Vienna, working as the principal investigator for an ERC Advanced Grant Project "The Hyksos Enigma" and the founder and editor-in-chief of the 1990 journal Ägypten und Levante (Egypt and the Levant) and of four series of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Oriental and European Archaeology (2016–2020).
1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 200 metre individual medley
The men's 200 metre individual medley competition at the 1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 26–27 at the Sydney International Aquatic Centre.  The last champion was Matthew Dunn of Australia.

This race consisted of four lengths of the pool, one each in backstroke, breaststroke, butterfly and freestyle swimming.

1997 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 200 metre individual medley
The men's 200 metre individual medley competition at the 1997 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 13 at the NISHI Civic Pool.  The last champion was Tom Dolan of US.

This race consisted of four lengths of the pool, one each in backstroke, breaststroke, butterfly and freestyle swimming.
2015 WPI Engineers football team
The 2015 WPI Engineers football team represented Worcester Polytechnic Institute in the 2015 NCAA Division III football season. It marked the Engineers' 126th overall season and the team played its home games at Alumni Stadium in Worcester, Massachusetts. They were led by sixth year head coach Chris Robertson. They were a member of the Liberty League.

The Engineers finished the season with a winning record of 7-4.

Liberty League
The Liberty League is an intercollegiate athletic conference which competes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division III. Member schools are all located in the state of New York.
2025 World Athletics Relays – Mixed 4 × 400 metres relay
The mixed 4 × 400 metres relay at the 2025 World Athletics Relays was held at the Tianhe Stadium in Guangzhou, China on 10 and 11 May.

The event served as a qualifying event for the 2025 World Athletics Championships, with the top 14 teams securing qualification to the World Championships.

2025 World Athletics Relays
The 2025 World Athletics Relays (Chinese: 2025世界田联接力赛) was held at the Guangdong Olympic Stadium in Guangzhou, China, on 10 and 11 May 2025. It was the 7th edition of the World Athletics Relays and the first time the event was held in China.

The 2025 edition was the first edition to feature a mixed 4 × 100 metres relay.
2025 World Para Swimming Championships – Men's 50 metre breaststroke
The men's 50 metre breaststroke events at the 2025 World Para Swimming Championships will be held at the Singapore Aquatic Centre between 21 and 27 September 2025. There are two races at this distance.

2025 World Para Swimming Championships
The 2025 World Para Swimming Championships, known as the Toyota World Para Swimming Championships for sponsorship reasons were the 13th edition of the World Para Swimming Championships, an international swimming competition and world championships for swimmers with disabilities. It was held in Singapore from 21 to 27 September 2025. This was the first time that an Asian country has hosted the World Para Swimming Championships.

The event was organised by the Singapore Disability Sports Council (SDSC) and took place at the 50m x 10 lane competition pool at the OCBC Aquatic Centre within the Singapore Sports Hub. The venue is home to Singapore Swimming Association and was the host venue for the aquatics discipline at the 28th Southeast Asian Games in 2015.

Toyota Asia was the headline sponsor of the Championships for the first time.
Tormenta FC
South Georgia Tormenta FC, or simply Tormenta FC, is an American soccer organization based in Statesboro, Georgia, United States. Founded in 2015, the club fielded a professional team in USL League One until 2025, as well as a pre-professional team in USL League Two called Tormenta FC 2 (which is on hiatus since the 2023 season) and a pre-professional team in USL W League. Tormenta FC withdrew from the 2026 USL1 season and are currently on hiatus.

The team colors are midnight navy, sky blue, silver, and magenta. The team's crest shows an ibis. Tormenta FC's USL League One team and the W-League team both emerged victorious in 2022, becoming national champions in their respective leagues.

Salem City FC
Salem City FC is an American amateur soccer club based in Bermuda Run, North Carolina that fields a men's team in USL League Two, and a women's team as the North Carolina Fusion in the USL W League. The teams plays their home games at the Truist Sports Park.
Rama Deva Raya
Rama Deva Raya (or Vira Rama Deva Raya) (reigned 1617–1632) ascended the throne after a gruesome war in 1617 as the Emperor of Vijaynagara. In 1614, his father Sriranga II, who was the preceding emperor, and his family were murdered by rival factions headed by Jagga Raya, who was one of their kins. Rama Deva himself was smuggled out of the prison by Yachama Naidu, a faithful commander and the viceroy of earlier emperor Venkata II.

Chengalpattu
Chengalpattu, previously known as Chingleput or Chengalpet, is a town in Chennai metropolitan area and the headquarters of Chengalpattu district of the state Tamil Nadu, India. The town is located near the industrial and IT hub. It is the headquarters of the district and is 56 kilometres (35 mi) away from the state capital, Chennai on the National Highway 45.

It is an important commercial center. It has a medical college and other colleges affiliated with the University of Madras.
Taranaki District Health Board
The Taranaki District Health Board (Taranaki DHB or TDHB) was a district health board which provided healthcare to the Taranaki region of New Zealand. In July 2022, the Taranaki DHB was merged into the national health service Te Whatu Ora (Health New Zealand).

Taranaki
Taranaki is a region in the west of New Zealand's North Island. It is named after its main geographical feature, the stratovolcano Mount Taranaki.

The main centre is the city of New Plymouth. The New Plymouth District is one of three in the region and is home to more than 65 per cent of the population of Taranaki. The Stratford District includes the main centres of Stratford, Midhirst, Toko and Whangamōmona. The South Taranaki District includes Hāwera, Manaia, Eltham, and Ōpunake.

Since 2005, Taranaki has used the promotional brand "Like no other".
Nick O'Hern
Nicholas Simon O'Hern (born 18 October 1971) is an Australian professional golfer. O'Hern has played on both of the world's premier professional golf tours, the European Tour, and the United States–based PGA Tour. His biggest successes, though, have come at home on the PGA Tour of Australasia, where he won the Order of Merit as the leading money winner in 2006.

Official World Golf Ranking
The Official World Golf Ranking is a system for rating the performance level of professional golfers. It was started in 1986. The rankings are based on a player's position in individual tournaments (i.e. not pairs or team events) over a "rolling" two-year period. New rankings are calculated each week. During 2018, nearly 400 tournaments on 20 tours were covered by the ranking system. All players competing in these tournaments are included in the rankings. In 2026, 25 tours factored into the world rankings. As well as being of general interest, the rankings have an additional importance, in that they are used as one of the qualifying criteria for entry into a number of leading tournaments.

The chair of the OWGR is former world number twelve and 2008 Masters Tournament champion Trevor Immelman.
1917 Bloomington Streetcar Strike
The 1917 Bloomington Streetcar Strike was a labor dispute starting on May 28, 1917 when ATU Local 752 called a strike for union recognition, increased pay, and a shortened workday.

Facing a strike, Bloomington & Normal Street Railway & Light offered a 20¢ a day increase before the strike but refused to give union recognition, so the union struck. A month into the strike Mother Jones rallied for the cause.

It ended in July when the mayor of Bloomington, E.E. Jones, mediated contract talks between the workers and company from July 6 to 9. During this, Illinois National Guard had been stationed outside the courthouse where mediation was occurring and B&N’s power plant, equipped with machine gun emplacements.

An agreement was reached on July 9, 1917 in a victory for the union, winning recognition, reduced hours, and increased pay.

Amalgamated Transit Union
The Amalgamated Transit Union (ATU) is a labor organization in the United States and Canada that represents employees in the public transit industry. Established in 1892 as the Amalgamated Association of Street Railway Employees of America, the union was centered primarily in the Eastern United States; as of 2020, ATU has had over 200,000 members throughout the United States and Canada.
Belmont, County Offaly
Belmont (Irish: An Lios Dearg, meaning 'the red ring-fort') is a village in County Offaly, Ireland.

The village is located approximately 5 km west of Ferbane and just north of the Grand Canal. The River Brosna, just south of the village, is crossed by the mid-18th century Belmont Bridge. The nearby Belmont House (or Bellmount estate) was built in the early 19th century. Together with the nearby Belmont Mills, this estate was purchased by the Perry family in 1859, and operated as a flour and oat mill (as Robert Perry Limited) until the late 20th century. Belmont Mill now operates as an artists studio, and Belmont House and estate as a stud farm.

Belmont village itself had (as of 2016) a population of 200 people, a shop, pub and several small businesses.

Ferbane
Ferbane (/fɜːrˈbæn, fɛər-/; Irish: An Féar Bán) is a town in County Offaly, Ireland. It is on the north bank of the River Brosna, between Birr and Athlone at the junction of the N62 and R436 roads, 20 km south of Athlone. The name of the town is said to come from the white bog cotton which grows in the surrounding Bog of Allen.

Ireland's first milled-peat fired power station was commissioned by the Electricity Supply Board (ESB) at Ferbane in 1957. Since the station's closure in 2001, the Shannon Development agency and the ESB have invested €1.4 million in a new business and technology park which opened in 2005.
James T. Harris III
James T. Harris III is the fourth and current president of the University of San Diego (USD) and is president emeritus of Widener University, where he served from 2002-2015. He previously served as president of Defiance College (1994-2002), and was named one of the top 50 character-building presidents in the United States by the John Templeton Foundation. Harris was named the top sitting college president in 2024 based on a study by the American Enterprise Institute.

The Chronicle of Higher Education
The Chronicle of Higher Education is an American newspaper and website that presents news, information, and jobs for college and university faculty and student affairs professionals, including staff members and administrators. A subscription is required to read some articles.

The Chronicle is based in Washington, D.C., and is a major news service covering U.S. academia. It is published every weekday online and appears weekly in print except for every other week in May, June, July, and August and the last three weeks in December. In print, The Chronicle is published in two sections: Section A with news, section B with job listings, and The Chronicle Review, a magazine of arts and ideas. It also publishes Arts & Letters Daily.
HAT-P-11
HAT-P-11, also designated GSC 03561-02092 and Kepler-3, is a metal-rich orange dwarf star with a planetary system, 123 light-years (38 parsecs) away in the constellation Cygnus. This star is notable for its relatively large rate of proper motion. The apparent magnitude of this star is about 9.6, which means it is not visible to the naked eye but can be seen with a medium-sized amateur telescope on a clear dark night. The age of this star is about 6.5 billion years.

The star has active latitudes that generate starspots. The spots are similar in distribution to those on the Sun, but HAT-P-11 is a more active star and has a starspot coverage approximately 100 times greater than the Sun. The star appears to have an unusually small radius, which can be explained by the anomalously high helium fraction.

K-type main-sequence star
A K-type main-sequence star is a main-sequence (core hydrogen-burning) star of spectral type K. The spectral luminosity class is V. These stars are intermediate in size between red dwarfs and yellow dwarfs, hence the term orange dwarfs often applied to this type.
Amédée Courbet
Anatole-Amédée-Prosper Courbet (French pronunciation: [anatɔl amede pʁɔspɛʁ kuʁbɛ]; 26 June 1827 – 11 June 1885) was a French admiral who won a series of important land and naval victories during the Tonkin Campaign (1883–86) and the Sino-French War (August 1884 – April 1885).

Jules Ferry
Jules François Camille Ferry (French: [ʒyl fɛʁi]; 5 April 1832 – 17 March 1893) was a French statesman and republican philosopher. He was one of the leaders of the Moderate Republicans and served as Prime Minister of France from 1880 to 1881 and 1883 to 1885. He was a promoter of laicism and colonial expansion. Under the Third Republic, Ferry made primary education free and compulsory through several new laws. However, he was forced to resign following the Sino-French War in 1885 due to his unpopularity and public opinion against the war.
Kaffir lime
Citrus hystrix, called the kaffir lime, Thai lime or makrut lime, (US: /ˈmækrət/, UK: /məkˈruːt/) is a citrus fruit native to tropical Southeast Asia.

Its fruit and leaves are used in Southeast Asian cuisine, and its essential oil is used in perfumery. Its rind and crushed leaves emit an intense citrus fragrance.

Indonesian cuisine
Indonesian cuisine is a collection of regional culinary traditions of the various ethnic groups that form the archipelagic nation of Indonesia. There are a wide variety of recipes and cuisines in part because Indonesia is composed of approximately 6,000 populated islands of the total 17,508 in the world's largest archipelago, with more than 600 ethnic groups.

There are many regional cuisines, often based upon indigenous cultures, with some foreign influences.
Sieges of Toishi
The sieges of Toishi castle (砥石崩れ, Toishi kuzure; "Rout of Toishi") took place during Takeda Shingen's campaign to take over Shinano Province. His army, led by Sanada Yukitaka, began besieging the castle in 1550. The defending lord, Murakami Yoshikiyo, held out until the following year, but his garrison suffered over 1,000 casualties, and was ultimately forced to surrender.

Shinano Province
Shinano Province (信濃国, Shinano no Kuni, Japanese pronunciation: [ɕiꜜ.na.no (no kɯ.ɲi), ɕi.na.noꜜ-]) or Shinshū (信州, [ɕiꜜɰ̃.ɕɯː]) is an old province of Japan that is now Nagano Prefecture.

Shinano bordered Echigo, Etchū, Hida, Kai, Kōzuke, Mikawa, Mino, Musashi, Suruga, and Tōtōmi Provinces. The ancient capital was located near modern-day Matsumoto, which became an important city of the province.

The World War II-era Japanese aircraft carrier Shinano was named after this old province.
Mitmor Knife
Mitmor (Thai: มีดหมอ; pronounced meed mor) — also spelled Meed Mor, Metmor, or Mid Mor — is a sacred ritual knife used in Thai folk magic and Buddhist esoteric traditions.  
Typically crafted from metals, bone, or special woods and inscribed with powerful Pali or Khmer gatha (mantras), the Mitmor is regarded as a potent tool for protection, exorcism, and spiritual empowerment.

Gatha (Buddhism)
In Buddhism, gāthā (Pali from Sanskrit gāthā; Khmer: គាថា; Thai: คาถา; also spelled khatha) refers to any Prakrit and Pali verses in general, or specifically the arya meter of Sanskrit. Versified portions of Pāli Canon (Tipitaka) of Theravāda Buddhism are also specifically called gathas. The word is originally derived from the Sanskrit/Prakrit root gai, which means 'to speak, sing, recite or extol', cognate to the Avestan term gatha.

The stanzas of the Prakrit dialects of Ardhamagadhi, Sauraseni and Pāli are known as gathas as opposed to shlokas and sutras of Sanskrit and dohas of Apabhramsha. Most of the Jain and Buddhist texts written in Prakrit are composed of gathas (or verses/stanzas).
East Lexham
East Lexham is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Lexham, in the Breckland district, in the English county of Norfolk.

East Lexham is located 7.7 miles (12.4 km) north of Swaffham and 30.1 miles (48.4 km) west-north-west of Norwich.

Swaffham
Swaffham (/ˈswɒfəm/) is a market town and civil parish in the Breckland District and English county of Norfolk. It is situated 12 miles (19 kilometres) east of King's Lynn and 31 miles (50 kilometres) west of Norwich.

The civil parish has an area of 11.42 mi2 (29.6 km2) and in the 2001 census had a population of 6,935 in 3,130 households, which increased to 7,258, in 3,258 households, at the 2011 census. By the time the 2021 census took place, the population had jumped to 8434. For the purposes of local government, the parish falls within the district of Breckland.