hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
West Virginia Route 28
West Virginia Route 28 is a north–south route through the Potomac Highlands of the U.S. state of West Virginia. The southern terminus of the route is at West Virginia Route 39 in Huntersville. The northern terminus is at the Maryland state line in Wiley Ford, where the route continues into Cumberland as Canal Parkway upon crossing the North Branch Potomac River.

Wiley Ford, West Virginia
Wiley Ford is a census-designated place (CDP) in Mineral County, West Virginia, United States and part of the 'Cumberland, MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area'.  The population was 906 at the 2020 census (down from 1,026 at the 2010 census).

The community was named after Mr. Wiley, who settled at a nearby ford.
Maguari stork
The maguari stork (Ciconia maguari) is a large species of stork that inhabits seasonal wetlands over much of South America, and is very similar in appearance to the white stork; albeit slightly larger. It is the only species of its genus to occur in the New World and is one of the only three New World stork species, together with the wood stork and the jabiru.

Wood stork
The wood stork (Mycteria americana) is a large wading bird in the family Ciconiidae (storks). Originally described in 1758 by Carl Linnaeus, this stork is native to the subtropics and tropics of the Americas where it persists in habitats with fluctuating water levels. It is the only stork species that breeds in North America. The head and neck are bare of feathers, and dark grey in colour. The plumage is mostly white, with the exception of the tail and some of the wing feathers, which are black with a greenish-purplish sheen.

Globally, the wood stork is considered to be of least concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. In the United States, the wood stork was previously classified as Endangered due to loss of suitable feeding habitat in the Florida Everglades, its historical population stronghold in the country. The species has been subsequently downlisted to Threatened after northward range expansion and increased population size.
PureWave Networks
PureWave Networks was a developer of advanced,  4G LTE and WiMAX base stations. Based in Santa Clara, California, PureWave Networks is a privately held company that was founded in 2003. The company was backed by Silicon Valley venture firms including Allegis Capital, Benahmou Global Ventures, ATA Ventures, Core Capital and Leapfrog Ventures. PureWave's line of Mobile WiMAX 802.16e base stations were sold in a variety of licensed frequencies. In 2014, Purewave's Quantum WiMAX product line was acquired by one of its customers, Mercury Networks and the remaining company assets were sold to Redline Communications for a cash purchase price of US$2 million.

IEEE 802.16
IEEE 802.16 is a series of wireless broadband standards written by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). The IEEE Standards Board  established a working group in 1999 to develop standards for broadband for wireless metropolitan area networks. The Workgroup is a unit of the IEEE 802 local area network and metropolitan area network standards committee.

Although the 802.16 family of standards is officially called WirelessMAN in IEEE, it has been commercialized under the name "WiMAX" (from "Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access") by the WiMAX Forum industry alliance. The Forum promotes and certifies compatibility and interoperability of products based on the IEEE 802.16 standards.

The 802.16e-2005 amendment was implemented and deployed around the world as of 2009.
The version IEEE 802.16-2009 was amended by IEEE 802.16j-2009.
Nishikubo Shrine
Nishikubo Shrine (西久保神社, Nishikubo jinja) was a Shinto shrine in Toyohara, Karafuto Prefecture (today Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Sakhalin Oblast, Russia).

The shrine was established in 1915, and its main annual festival was held on July 2. Kami enshrined here included the soul of Major Nishikubo Toyoichirō (西久保豊一郎), a hero of the Russo-Japanese War, and 18 others. The honden (main hall) was built in shinmeizukuri architectural style.

Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk (Russian: Ю́жно-Сахали́нск, IPA: [ˈjuʐnə səxɐˈlʲinsk] ⓘ, lit. 'South Sakhalin city') is a city and the administrative center of Sakhalin Oblast, Russia. It is located on Sakhalin Island in the Russian Far East, north of Japan. Gas and oil extraction as well as processing are amongst the main industries on the island. The city was called Vladimirovka (Влади́мировка) from 1882 to 1905, then Toyohara (Japanese: 豊原市, Hepburn: Toyohara-shi) during its period of Imperial Japanese control from 1905 to 1946. As of the 2021 Census, its population was 181,587.
Cossack (horse)
Cossack (1844 – after 1862), also known as "The Cossack", was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. In a career that lasted from July 1846 to June 1849 he ran twenty-two times and won three races. In 1847 he proved himself one of the best British colts of his generation, winning Derby and being narrowly beaten in the St Leger. Although he continued to run well in important staying races for the next five seasons, he failed to win another race and was retired to stud in after running once as an eight-year-old in 1852. No subsequent winner of the Epsom Derby has run beyond the age of five. He was later exported to stand as a stallion in France.

St Leger Stakes
The St Leger Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to three-year-old thoroughbred colts and fillies. It is run at Doncaster over a distance of 1 mile, 6 furlongs and 115 yards (2,921 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in September.

Established in 1776, the St Leger is the oldest of Britain's five Classic races. It is the last of the five to be run each year, and its distance is longer than any of the other four.

The St Leger is the final leg of the English Triple Crown, which begins with the 2000 Guineas and continues with the Derby. It also completes the Fillies Triple Crown, following on from the 1000 Guineas and The Oaks. The St Leger has rarely featured Triple Crown contenders in recent decades, with the only one in recent years being the 2012 2,000 Guineas and Derby winner Camelot, who finished second in the St Leger.
Colin Gibson (artist)
Colin Gibson (5 November 1907 – 7 April 1998) was a Scottish painter, born in Arbroath, Scotland. He won the Guthrie Award in 1943 with his work, the painting Lisbeth. Lisbeth was the name of his wife. He was also a noted journalist, writing largely about nature and also his local Angus area.

Guthrie Award
The Guthrie Award is awarded annually with few exceptions to at most two recipients by the Royal Scottish Academy and is one of the most prestigious art awards in Scotland. It is named after the artist James Guthrie.
Manuel Domingo y Sol
Manuel Domingo y Sol (1 April 1836 - 25 January 1909) was a Spanish Roman Catholic priest and the founder of the Pontifical Spanish College in Rome and the religious order known as the Diocesan Labour Priests of the Sacred Heart of Jesus (1883). As a new priest he had built a sports arena and a theater to provide a place for adolescents to engage in sport activities and to act.

His beatification cause started under Pope Pius XII in 1946 and he was titled as a Servant of God while Pope Paul VI later titled him as Venerable in 1970 upon the confirmation of his heroic virtue; Pope John Paul II beatified him on 29 March 1987 in Saint Peter's Square.

St. Peter's Square
St. Peter's Square (Latin: Forum Sancti Petri, Italian: Piazza San Pietro [ˈpjattsa sam ˈpjɛːtro]) is a large plaza located directly in front of St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City, the papal enclave in Rome, directly west of the neighborhood (rione) of Borgo. Both the square and the basilica are named after Saint Peter, an apostle of Jesus whom Catholics consider the first Pope.

At the centre of the square is the Vatican obelisk, an ancient Egyptian obelisk erected at the current site in 1586. Gian Lorenzo Bernini designed the square almost 100 years later, including the massive Tuscan colonnades, four columns deep, which embrace visitors in "the maternal arms of Mother Church". A granite fountain constructed by Bernini in 1675 matches another fountain designed by Carlo Maderno in 1613.
Boksburg
Boksburg is a city on the East Rand of Gauteng province of South Africa. Gold was discovered in Boksburg in 1887. Boksburg was named after the State Secretary of the South African Republic, W. Eduard Bok. The Main Reef Road linked Boksburg to all the other major mining towns on the Witwatersrand and the Angelo Hotel (1887) was used as a staging post.

Boksburg has been part of the City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality since 5 December 2000, which forms the local government of most of the East Rand.

The Mining Commissioner Montague White built a large dam which, empty for years, was dubbed White's Folly until a flash flood in 1889 silenced detractors. The 150,000-square-metre dam is now the Boksburg Lake, and is surrounded by lawns, trees, and terraces.

Germiston
Germiston, also known as kwaDukathole, is a city in the East Rand region of Gauteng, South Africa, administratively forming part of the City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality since the latter's establishment in 2000. It functions as the municipal seat of Ekurhuleni, hosting the municipal council and administration.

Originally a mining town established in 1886 at the start of the Witwatersrand Gold Rush, Germiston has since developed into one of the largest manufacturing, trucking and railway hubs in Africa, and is a major centre of the South African steel industry.
Vahagn Khachaturyan
Vahagn Garniki Khachaturyan (Armenian: Վահագն Գառնիկի Խաչատուրյան, pronounced [vɑˈhɑɡən χɑt͡ʃʰɑtuɾˈjɑn]; born 22 April 1959) is an Armenian economist and politician who has served as the fifth and current president of Armenia since 2022. He previously served as mayor of Yerevan from 1992 to 1996 and minister of High-Tech Industry from 2021 to 2022 under Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan.

He was a member of the Armenian National Congress (ANC) until his resignation in 2022, although he had not participated in party activities since 2017. He led the ANC list in the 2013 Yerevan City Council election.

Ministry of High-Tech Industry (Armenia)
The Ministry of High-Tech Industry  (Armenian: Բարձր տեխնոլոգիական արդյունաբերության նախարարություն) is a ministry of the Armenian government, headquartered in Yerevan. The Ministry of High-Tech Industry is a central body of executive authority that develops and implements the Armenian government's policy in the spheres of communication, information, information technology and information security, postal services, licensing, granting of permits and military industry. The current Minister of High-Tech Industry is Mkhitar Hayrapetyan.
CICE (sea ice model)
CICE (/saɪs/) is a computer model that simulates the growth, melt and movement of sea ice.  It has been integrated into many coupled climate system models as well as global ocean and weather forecasting models and is often used as a tool in Arctic and Southern Ocean research. CICE development began in the mid-1990s by the United States Department of Energy (DOE), and it is currently maintained and developed by a group of institutions in North America and Europe known as the CICE Consortium. Its widespread use in Earth system science in part owes to the importance of sea ice in determining Earth's planetary albedo, the strength of the global thermohaline circulation in the world's oceans, and in providing surface boundary conditions for atmospheric circulation models, since sea ice occupies a significant proportion (4-6%) of Earth's surface. CICE is a type of cryospheric model.

Sea ice thickness
Sea ice thickness spatial extent, and open water within sea ice packs can vary rapidly in response to weather and climate. Sea ice concentration is measured by satellites, with the Special Sensor Microwave Imager / Sounder (SSMIS), and the European Space Agency's Cryosat-2 satellite to map the thickness and shape of the Earth's polar ice cover.  The sea ice volume is calculated with the Pan-Arctic Ice Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System (PIOMAS), which blends satellite-observed data, such as sea ice concentrations into model calculations to estimate sea ice thickness and volume. Sea ice thickness determines a number of important fluxes such as heat flux between the air and ocean surface—see below—as well as salt and fresh water fluxes between the ocean since saline water ejects much of its salt content when frozen—see sea ice growth processes. It is also important for navigators on icebreakers since there is an upper limit to the thickness of ice any ship can sail through.
Barbara Livi
Barbara Livi (born 5 May 1973) is an Italian cinema, television and theatre actress. She is best known for her role of Martina Morante in the 5th sequel of the long-running drama series Incantesimo, which was televised on Rai 1.

Incantesimo
Incantesimo (English: Enchantment) is a long-running Italian drama series, originally broadcast on the RAI network from 1998 to 2008. It is mainly set in a hospital called Clinica Life in Rome, Italy, and revolves around the lives of its staff. It is known for having different lead actors who play a different story in almost every of its ten seasons.
Dave O'Brien (American football)
David Hyde O'Brien (born June 13, 1941) is an American former professional football player who was a Tackle, defensive tackle, guard in the National Football League (NFL). He played  college football for the Boston College Eagles and professionally for the Minnesota Vikings (1963–1964), New York Giants (1965), and St. Louis Cardinals (1966–1967).

St. Louis Cardinals (NFL)
From 1960 to 1987, the professional American football team now known as the Arizona Cardinals played in St. Louis, Missouri, as the St. Louis Cardinals.

The team moved from Chicago to St. Louis in 1960, and played their first home game there on October 2 at Busch Stadium against the New York Giants. Their last home game in St. Louis, played at Busch Memorial Stadium on December 13, 1987, was also against the Giants. Their last game as a St. Louis–based club was on December 27, 1987, at the Dallas Cowboys.

During the Cardinals' 28 years in St. Louis, they advanced to the playoffs just four times (1964, 1974, 1975, and 1982), and never hosted a playoff game. Their only postseason win came in the 1964 Playoff Bowl.

Their winning percentage of .481 during their time in St. Louis—187 victories, 202 losses, and 13 ties—is better than those in the other two cities the Cardinals have called home.

The team moved to Tempe, Arizona, in 1988.
Nettie Truax
Nettie Truax was an American politician and educator from Sundance, Wyoming, who served a single term in the Wyoming House of Representatives. She was elected in 1912, and represented Crook-Campbell County from 1913 to 1915 as a Democrat in the 12th Wyoming Legislature. Truax represented Crook-Campbell County alongside S. D. Perry.

Truax was one of only two women serving in the Wyoming Legislature in 1913, the other being Anna B. Miller. Outside of the legislature, Truax served as a county superintendent.

Wyoming House of Representatives
The Wyoming House of Representatives is the lower house of the Wyoming State Legislature. There are 62 Representatives in the House, representing an equal number of single-member constituent districts across the state, each with a population of at least 9,000. The House convenes at the Wyoming State Capitol in Cheyenne.

Members of the House serve two year terms without term limits. Term limits were declared unconstitutional by the Wyoming Supreme Court in 2004, overturning a decade-old law that had restricted Representatives to six terms (twelve years).

The current Speaker of the House is Chip Neiman.
Daniel Akerson
Daniel Francis Akerson (born October 31, 1948) is the former chairman and CEO of General Motors, serving from 2010 to 2014. Akerson succeeded Edward Whitacre as CEO on September 1, 2010, and became chairman of the board on January 1, 2011. He was succeeded by General Motors CEO Mary Barra. Akerson was a managing director of The Carlyle Group and head of global buyout prior to joining General Motors. He joined the General Motors board of directors on July 24, 2009. Akerson also serves on the boards of American Express and the U.S. Naval Academy Foundation, and in 2014 joined The Carlyle Group as a vice chairman and special advisor to the board of directors.

The Carlyle Group
The Carlyle Group Inc. is an American multinational company with operations in private equity, alternative asset management and financial services. As of 2023, the company had $426 billion of assets under management.

Carlyle specializes in private equity, real assets, and private credit. One of the world's largest investment firms, it ranked first among private equity firms by capital raised from 2010-2015, according to the PEI 300 index. In June 2024, it ranked sixth in Private Equity International's PEI 300 ranking among the world's largest private equity firms.

Founded in 1987 in Washington, D.C., the company has nearly 2,200 employees in 28 offices on four continents as of December 2023. On May 3, 2012, Carlyle completed a US$700 million initial public offering and began trading on the NASDAQ stock exchange.
Guatemala national under-20 football team
The Guatemala national Under-20 football team is the national under-20 age level football team of Guatemala, and represents the nation in under-20 international matches.

The team has qualified to the FIFA U-20 World Cup twice, in 2011 and 2023. It finished in the top 4 of the CONCACAF region at the 2011 CONCACAF U-20 Championship, earning the first participation in a World Cup finals tournament at any level for Guatemala.

FIFA U-20 World Cup
The FIFA U-20 World Cup is the biennial football world championship tournament for FIFA members' men's national teams with players under the age of 20. The competition has been staged every two years since the inaugural tournament in 1977 when it was hosted by Tunisia under the tournament name of FIFA World Youth Championship until 2005. In 2007 the name was changed to its present form. FIFA bills the men's Under-20 World Cup as "the tournament of tomorrow's superstars." Diego Maradona, Lionel Messi and Paul Pogba are previous winners of the official player of the tournament award, and Erling Haaland was the top scorer at the 2019 edition. The reigning champions are Morocco, which won their first title at the 2025 tournament in Chile.
Sugar side letter
The sugar side letter was added to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in last minute negotiations between the Clinton Administration and the Mexican Government before the Congress approved the North American Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act (P.L. 103–182). It altered NAFTA's initial sugar provisions by adding one additional factor to the formula to be used to determine how much sugar Mexico could export to the United States through 2008. Mexican access to the U.S. market was initially set to be equal to the amount of its net sugar surplus (sugar production minus sugar consumption), subject to a maximum of 25,000 tonnes (25,000 long tons; 28,000 short tons) over the 1995-2001 period and a maximum of 250,000 metric tons in 2001–2008. The side letter changed this definition to add Mexican consumption of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) to the "net production surplus" definition. This change effectively lowers the amount of sugar that Mexico can sell to the U.S. market.

Sugar industry
The sugar industry subsumes the production, processing and marketing of sugars (mostly sucrose and fructose).  In 2017, worldwide production of table sugar amounted to 185 million tonnes.

Sugar is used for soft drinks, sweetened beverages, convenience foods, fast food, candy, confectionery, baked products, and other sweetened foods. Sugarcane is used in the distillation of rum. Sugarcane produces several valuable byproducts that play a significant role in supporting economic growth.

Globally in 2018, around 185 million tons of sugar was produced, led by India with 35.9 million tons, followed by Brazil and Thailand. There are more than 123 sugar-producing countries, but only 30% of the produce is traded on the international market.
Aasai Aasaiyai
Aasai Aasaiyai is a 2003 Indian Tamil-language romance film directed by Ravi Mariya. This film was the debut of the producer R. B. Choudary's son, Jiiva, and also stars Sharmelee. The music was composed by Mani Sharma. Song lyrics were penned by Vairamuthu and Ravi Mariya. The film's title is based on a song from Aanandham (2001), which was also produced by the same studio, Super Good Films.

Mani Sharma
Yanamandra Venkata Subrahmanyam (born 11 July 1964), professionally known as Mani Sharma, is an Indian composer and music producer known for his work primarily in Telugu cinema, along with contributions to Tamil, Kannada, and Hindi films.
Battle of Long Khánh
The Battle of Long Khanh (6–7 June 1971) was fought during the Vietnam War between elements of 1st Australian Task Force (1 ATF) and the Viet Cong (VC) and People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) during Operation Overlord. The fighting saw Australian infantry from 3rd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (3 RAR) attack a heavily fortified communist base camp in Long Khanh Province, while Centurion tanks providing close support crushed many bunkers and their occupants. Regardless, the VC fought hard to delay the Australian advance and although the bunker system was subsequently captured, along with a second system further south, the Australians suffered a number of casualties and the loss of a UH-1 Iroquois helicopter. With the Australians unable to concentrate sufficient combat power to achieve a decisive result, the bulk of the VC/PAVN force successfully withdrew intact, although they probably sustained heavy casualties in the process.

Long Khánh province
Long Khánh is former province in the Southeast Region (Đông Nam Bộ region) of former South Vietnam. It was established on October 22, 1956, by separating from Biên Hòa province.

On April 24, 1957, it had two districts established, Xuân Lộc District and Định Quán District.

During Republic of Vietnam period, Long Khánh hosted the ARVN 18th Infantry Division Headquarters in its northern district of Xuân Lộc and a half of the Viet Cong War Zone D in its southern district of Định Quán.: 107

In 1975, Long Khánh's capital town of Xuân Lộc was the main site of the Battle of Xuân Lộc – the last large battle of the ARVN against the PAVN before the Fall of Saigon.: 130–2

On April 30, 1975, the province was renamed Đồng Nai province, within newly unified Vietnam.
Jamuna Sharan Singh
Jamuna Sharan Singh (born 1941) is an Indian ecologist, academic and a former professor of botany and ecological sciences at Banaras Hindu University. He is known for his studies on the grassland ecosystems which are reported to have assisted in the better management of tropical grasslands. He is an elected fellow of the Indian National Science Academy, Indian Academy of Sciences, The World Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Sciences, India. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, one of the highest Indian science awards, in 1980, for his contributions to biological sciences.

National Academy of Sciences, India
The National Academy of Sciences, India, also known as NASI, was established in 1930 and is the oldest science academy of India. It is located in Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh. Prof. Meghnad Saha was the founder president.