hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Artillery Command (Italy)
The Artillery Command (Italian: Comando Artiglieria, COM.ART.) is an Italian Army command, which trains the personnel destined for the army's artillery units, develops the army's artillery doctrine, and supervises the Italian army's artillery units.

The Command keeps the War Flag of the Artillery Arm, which has been decorated with a Military Order of Italy, three Gold Medals of Military Valor, a Silver Medal of Military Valor, and a Bronze Medal of Military Valor.

3rd Missile Brigade "Aquileia"
The 3rd Missile Brigade "Aquileia" (Italian: 3ª Brigata Missili "Aquileia") was an artillery brigade of the Italian Army active between 1959 and 1991. The brigade was stationed in North-Eastern Italy and armed with missile and artillery systems capable of firing tactical nuclear weapons as part of Italy's participation in NATOs nuclear sharing programme. During peacetime the brigade fell under command of the Italian V Army Corps, but during wartime the brigade would have been subordinate to NATOs Allied Land Forces Southern Europe (LANDSOUTH) command in Verona. After the end of the Cold War the brigade was disbanded and its weapon systems retired.
David Hansen (Norwegian politician)
David Hansen (born 8 June 1978) is a Norwegian politician for the Christian Democratic Party.

From 1999 to 2002 he was the leader of the Youth of the Christian People's Party, the youth wing of the Christian Democratic Party. From 2005 to 2007 he chaired the Youth of the European People's Party.

He served as a deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from Østfold during the terms 1997–2001 and 2001–2005. During the second cabinet Bondevik, Hansen was appointed a political advisor in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, for Minister of International Development Hilde Frafjord Johnson.

In 2007, following the local elections, Hansen won a seat in the Oslo city council.

David Hansen is married to Inger Lise Hansen, who is a Christian Democratic Party politician too.

Hilde Frafjord Johnson
Hilde Frafjord Johnson (born 29 August 1963 in Arusha, Tanganyika) is a Norwegian politician from the Christian Democratic Party. She is a former Minister of International Development of Norway, and member of the Norwegian Government.  She most recently served as the Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of the United Nations Mission in the Republic of South Sudan, completing her term in July 2014
Kakavadzor, Kotayk
40°35′04″N 44°45′12″E﻿ / ﻿40.58444°N 44.75333°E﻿ / 40.58444; 44.75333

Kakavadzor (Armenian: Կաքավաձոր; also Romanized as Kak’avadzor and Kaqavadzor; also known locally as, Farukh) is a village in the Kotayk Province of Armenia. There are the ruins of S. Astvatsatsin, the chapel of Verin Vank (Upper Monastery) located north of the village, and a chapel in the cemetery (northwest) upon the hill. According to locals, there are supposedly other churches nearby, and possibly a monastery in the gorge northwest of the village.

Kakavadzor is served by local public transportation that brings residents to nearby Hrazdan only four times a day since roads are in poor condition. Air pollution from the MIKA Cement factory in Hrazdan has been a continuing problem for residents.

Hrazdan
Hrazdan (Armenian: Հրազդան [həɾɑzˈdɑn]) is a town and urban municipal community in Armenia serving as the administrative centre of Kotayk Province, located 45 kilometres (28 miles) northeast of the capital Yerevan. As of the 2011 census, the population of the town is 44,231.

During the Soviet period, Hrazdan was one of the industrialized centres of the Armenian SSR.

The prelacy of the Diocese of Kotayk of the Armenian Apostolic Church is headquartered in Hrazdan.
Cross-dressing
Cross-dressing is the act of wearing clothes traditionally or stereotypically associated with a different gender. From as early as pre-modern history people have cross-dressed in order to disguise, comfort, entertain, and express themselves.

Socialization establishes social norms among the people of a particular society. With regard to the social aspects of clothing, such standards may reflect guidelines relating to the style, color, or type of clothing that individuals are expected to wear. Such expectations may be delineated according to gender roles. Cross-dressing involves dressing contrary to the prevailing standards (or in some cases, laws) for a person of their gender in their own society.

Boy player
A boy player was a male child or teenager who performed in Medieval and English Renaissance playing companies. Some boy players worked for adult companies and performed the female roles, since women were not allowed to perform on the English stage during this period. Others worked for children's companies in which all roles, not just the female ones, were played by boys.(pp 1–76)
KV45
Tomb KV45 is an ancient Egyptian tomb located in the Valley of the Kings in Egypt. It was originally used for the burial of the noble Userhet of the Eighteenth Dynasty and was reused by Merenkhons and an unknown woman in the Twenty-second Dynasty. The tomb was discovered and excavated by Howard Carter in 1902, in his role as Chief Inspector of Antiquities, on behalf of Theodore M. Davis. The tomb was later re-investigated by Donald P. Ryan of the Pacific Lutheran University Valley of the Kings Project in 1991 and 2005.

Howard Carter
Howard Carter (9 May 1874 – 2 March 1939) was a British archaeologist and Egyptologist who became known for discovering the intact tomb of the 18th Dynasty Pharaoh Tutankhamun in November 1922, the best-preserved pharaonic tomb ever found in the Valley of the Kings.
Adian–Rabin theorem
In the mathematical subject of group theory, the Adyan–Rabin theorem is a result that states that most "reasonable" properties of finitely presentable groups are algorithmically undecidable. The theorem is due to Sergei Adyan (1955) and, independently, Michael O. Rabin (1958).

Undecidable problem
In computability theory and computational complexity theory, an undecidable problem is a decision problem for which it is proved to be impossible to construct an algorithm that always leads to a correct yes-or-no answer. The halting problem is an example: it can be proven that there is no algorithm that correctly determines whether an arbitrary program eventually halts when run.
Gustavo Cuéllar
Gustavo Leonardo Cuéllar Gallegos (born 14 October 1992) is a Colombian professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Campeonato Brasileiro Série A club Grêmio and the Colombia national team.

King's Cup (Saudi Arabia)
The King's Cup, officially titled The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques' Cup, is the Saudi Arabian football knockout cup competition.

The King's Cup is the second-oldest knockout competition in Saudi Arabian football, following the now-defunct Crown Prince Cup.
Ed Rice
Edward J. Rice (October 23, 1918 – August 8, 2001) was an American  author, publisher, photojournalist and painter, born in Brooklyn, New York to Edward J. Rice, Sr. and Elsie (Becker) Rice. He was best known as a close friend and biographer of Thomas Merton.  Rice wrote more than 20 books, including Captain Sir Richard Francis Burton, a best-selling 1990 biography of the famous 19th-century explorer, and was the founder (1953) of Jubilee magazine.

Thomas Merton
Thomas Merton OCSO (January 31, 1915 – December 10, 1968), religious name M. Louis, was an American Trappist monk, theologian, mystic, poet, and social activist. He was a professed member of the Abbey of Our Lady of Gethsemani, near Bardstown, Kentucky, living there from 1941 to his death.

Merton wrote more than 50 books in a period of 27 years, mostly on spirituality, social justice, and pacifism, as well as scores of essays and reviews. Among Merton's most widely-read works is his bestselling autobiography The Seven Storey Mountain (1948).

Merton became a keen proponent of interfaith understanding, exploring Eastern religions through study and practice. He pioneered dialogue with prominent Asian spiritual figures.
Henry Sidgwick
Henry Sidgwick (/ˈsɪdʒwɪk/; 31 May 1838 – 28 August 1900) was an English utilitarian philosopher and economist and is best known in philosophy for his utilitarian treatise The Methods of Ethics. His work in economics has also had a lasting influence.

He was the Knightbridge Professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of Cambridge from 1883 until his death. He was one of the founders and first president of the Society for Psychical Research and a member of the Metaphysical Society and promoted the higher education of women.

In 1875, with Millicent Garrett Fawcett, he co-founded Newnham College, a women-only constituent college of the University of Cambridge. It was the second Cambridge college to admit women, after Girton College.

In 1856 Sidgwick joined the Cambridge Apostles intellectual secret society.

Millicent Fawcett
Dame Millicent Garrett Fawcett GBE (née Garrett; 11 June 1847 – 5 August 1929) was an English political activist and writer. She campaigned for women's suffrage by legal change and in 1897–1919 led Britain's largest women's rights association, the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies (NUWSS), explaining, "I cannot say I became a suffragist. I always was one, from the time I was old enough to think at all about the principles of Representative Government." She tried to broaden women's chances of higher education, as a governor of Bedford College, London (now Royal Holloway) and co-founding Newnham College, Cambridge in 1871. In 2018, a century after the Representation of the People Act, she was the first woman honoured by a statue in Parliament Square.
Acartiidae
Acartiidae is a family of calanoid copepods distinguishable by the rostral margin not being extended. They are epipelagic, planktonic animals, not being found below a depth of 500 metres (1,600 ft). There are over 100 described species distributed throughout the world's oceans, mainly in temperate areas.

Calanoida
Calanoida is an order of copepods, a group of arthropods commonly found as zooplankton. The order includes around 46 families with about 1800 species of both marine and freshwater copepods between them.
Gmina Horyniec-Zdrój
Gmina Horyniec-Zdrój is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Lubaczów County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland, on the border with Ukraine. Its seat is the village of Horyniec-Zdrój, which lies approximately 18 kilometres (11 mi) east of Lubaczów and 99 km (62 mi) east of the regional capital Rzeszów.

The gmina covers an area of 202.78 square kilometres (78.3 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,887.

Lubaczów
Lubaczów [luˈbat͡ʂuf] (Ukrainian: Любачів Liubachiv) is a town in southeastern Poland, close to the border with Ukraine, with 12,567 inhabitants
Situated in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship, it is the capital of Lubaczów County and is located 50 kilometres (31 miles) northeast of Przemyśl.
Gmina Toszek
Gmina Toszek is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Gliwice County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the town of Toszek, which lies approximately 22 kilometres (14 mi) north-west of Gliwice and 41 km (25 mi) north-west of the regional capital Katowice.

The gmina covers an area of 98.53 square kilometres (38.0 sq mi) and had a total population of 9,409 in 2019.

Toszek
Toszek [ˈtɔʂɛk] (German: Tost) is a town in southern Poland. It is situated within Gliwice County in the Silesian Voivodeship (province), and its population was estimated at 3,600 inhabitants in 2019. It is situated on the Toszecki Potok River, a tributary of Kłodnica.
St. Francis Wood, San Francisco
St. Francis Wood is a residential neighborhood located on the West Side of San Francisco, California, United States, south of the West Portal neighborhood and west of Mount Davidson. It had a population of 1,229 and a median household income of $179,244 in 2019.
Characterized by family homes on spacious lots (by San Francisco standards), St. Francis Wood has no visible businesses and has a correspondingly low profile compared to similar wealthy neighborhoods such as the Marina District and Pacific Heights.  St. Francis Wood is one of eight master-planned residence parks in San Francisco. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as St. Francis Wood Historic District.

Marina District, San Francisco
The Marina District is a neighborhood located in San Francisco, California. The neighborhood sits on the site of the 1915 Panama–Pacific International Exposition, staged after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake to celebrate the reemergence of the city. Aside from the Palace of Fine Arts, all other buildings were demolished to make the current neighborhood.
Theophilus Thompson
Theophilus Augustus Thompson (April 21, 1855 - Oct 12, 1881) is the earliest documented African-American chess expert recognized in the United States. In addition to competing in tournaments, he wrote a book Chess Problems: Either to Play and Mate published in 1873.

Chess problem
A chess problem, also called a chess composition, is a puzzle created by the composer using chess pieces on a chessboard, which presents the solver with a particular task. For instance, a position may be given with the instruction that White is to move first, and checkmate Black in two moves against any possible defence. A chess problem fundamentally differs from over-the-board play in that the latter involves a struggle between Black and White, whereas the former involves a competition between the composer and the solver. Most positions which occur in a chess problem are unrealistic in the sense that they are very unlikely to occur in over-the-board play. There is a substantial amount of specialized jargon used in connection with chess problems.
2021 Billie Jean King Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group III – Pool B
Pool B of the 2021 Billie Jean King Cup Europe/Africa Group III was one of six pools in the Europe/Africa Group III of the 2020–21 Billie Jean King Cup. Three teams competed in a round robin competition, with the top team and bottom teams proceeding to their respective section of the play-offs: the top team played for advancement to Group II.

2021 Billie Jean King Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group III – play-offs
The play-offs of the 2021 Billie Jean King Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group III were the final stages of the Group III zonal competition involving teams from Europe and Africa. Using the positions determined in their pools, the twenty-one teams faced off to determine their placing in the 2021 Billie Jean King Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group III. The top two teams advanced to Billie Jean King Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group II.
2008–09 Africa Cup
The 2008–09 Africa Cup is the ninth edition of highest level rugby union tournament in Africa. The competition involves twelve teams that are divided into two zones (North and South). Each zone is then divided into two pools of three. Each pool winner then qualifies for a semi-final; the semi-final winners then play each other in the final.

Rugby Africa Cup
The Rugby Africa Cup is a two-year men's rugby union tournament involving the top 16 African nations based on their World Rugby rankings, it is organised by Rugby Africa. The tournament was first held in 2000. It was renamed the Rugby Africa Cup in November 2019, it was previously called the Africa Cup since 2006, the CAR Top 9 and CAR Top 10.

Due to South Africa being far stronger than any other African nation, South African teams have only competed five times, and won the competition three times. The winning South African teams on these occasions were the under 23 or amateur players (in 2000, 2001 and 2006).
Nomenclature used by the Wehrmacht and Waffen-SS
The German Luftwaffe (Air Force), Heer (Army), Kriegsmarine (Navy) and the Waffen-SS used Arabic numerals as well as Roman numerals to distinguish between the different units, sub-units and organization levels of their respective military branch.

Glossary of German military terms
This is a list of words, terms, concepts, and slogans that have been or are used by the German military. Ranks and translations of nicknames for vehicles are included. Also included are some general terms from the German language found frequently in military jargon. Some terms are from the general German cultural background, others are given to show a change that was made before or after the Nazi era. Some factories that were the primary producers of military equipment, especially tanks, are also given.
1923 Chicago mayoral election
In the Chicago mayoral election of 1923, Democrat William E. Dever defeated Republican Arthur C. Lueder and Socialist William A. Cunnea. Elections were held on April 3, the same day as aldermanic runoffs.

To win their party's nominations, Dever went unopposed in the Democratic primary election, while Lueder handily defeated three opponents in the Republican Party's primary.

Charles S. Deneen
Charles Samuel Deneen (May 4, 1863 – February 5, 1940) was an American lawyer and Republican politician who served as the 23rd governor of Illinois, from 1905 to 1913. He was the first Illinois governor to serve two consecutive terms totalling eight years. He was governor during the infamous Springfield race riot of 1908, which he helped put down. He later served as a U.S. senator from Illinois, from 1925 to 1931. Deneen had previously served as a member of the Illinois House of Representatives from 1892 to 1894. As an attorney, he had been the lead prosecutor in Chicago's infamous Adolph Luetgert murder trial.
Hawks Green
Hawks Green (Also known as Hayes Green) is a suburban village and ward in Cannock Chase, Staffordshire. Located between Cannock and Heath Hayes, the area is predominantly residential with a large superstore, fuel station, pub and community centre. The village borders Stoney Lea, Heath Hayes and Church Hill. There is a regular bus connecting the village to Cannock.

Cannock Chase District
Cannock Chase is a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and National Landscape in Staffordshire, England.

It gives its name to Cannock Chase District, a non-metropolitan local government district containing the towns of Cannock, Hednesford, Rugeley and surrounding rural villages. The district borders South Staffordshire to the west, the Borough of Stafford to the north, Lichfield District to the east, and the Metropolitan Borough of Walsall to the south.
2021 Korean Curling Championships
The 2021 Korean Curling Championships (branded as the 2021 KB Financial Korean Curling Championships), Korea's national curling championships, were held from June 23 to July 3 at the Gangneung Curling Centre in Gangneung, South Korea. The winning teams on both the men's and women's sides became the Korean National Teams for the 2021–22 curling season. They represented Korea at the 2021 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships, 2022 World Women's Curling Championship, 2022 World Men's Curling Championship and the Olympic Qualification Event in attempts to reach the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing, China. The championship was held in two rounds.

Curling at the 2022 Winter Olympics
The curling competitions of the 2022 Winter Olympics were held at the Beijing National Aquatics Centre, one of the Olympic Green venues. Curling competitions were scheduled for every day of the games, from February 2 to February 20. This was the eighth time that curling was part of the Olympic program.

In each of the men's, women's, and mixed doubles competitions, 10 nations competed. The mixed doubles competition was expanded for its second appearance in the Olympics. A total of 120 quota spots (60 per sex) were distributed to the sport of curling, an increase of four from the 2018 Winter Olympics. A total of 3 events were contested, one for men, one for women, and one mixed.
Camillo Bozzolo
Camillo Bozzolo (May 30, 1845 – February 28, 1920) was an Italian physician who was a native of Milan.

In 1868 he received his medical doctorate from the University of Pavia, and afterwards continued his studies in Austria and Germany at the laboratories of Johann von Oppolzer (1808–1871), Ludwig Traube (1818–1876) and Rudolf Virchow (1821–1902). Later he was an assistant pathologist to Giulio Bizzozero (1846–1901) in Turin, and in 1883 a professor and director of the medical clinic in Turin.

His earlier studies dealt with metastasis of cancer involving the bloodstream and lymph glands. With Edoardo Perroncito (1847–1936) and Luigi Pagliani (1847–1931), he discovered that hookworm  (Ancylostoma duodenale) was the cause of anemia affecting workmen building the St. Gotthard Railway. He is credited for introducing thymol as a treatment for hookworm.

Edoardo Perroncito
Edoardo Bellarmino Perroncito (10 March 1847, Viale in the Province of Asti – 4 November 1936) was an Italian parasitologist. He was the father of pathologist Aldo Perroncito (1882–1929).

He earned his degree in veterinary medicine, and in 1879 he became a professor of parasitology to the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Turin.

Remembered for his extensive research of Ancylostoma duodenale (hookworm), in 1880 he determined that hookworm was the cause of anemia being suffered by workmen building the St. Gotthard railway tunnel. He was the first to recommend using an extract of the Male Fern (Dryopteris filix-mas) as a remedy for the disease. In 1878 he identified the highly contagious disease of domestic fowl  which is considered to be the first historical record of avian influenza (initially known as a fowl plague).
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare, progressive and systemic disease that typically results in cystic lung destruction. It predominantly affects women, especially during childbearing years. The term sporadic LAM is used for patients with LAM not associated with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), while TSC-LAM refers to LAM that is associated with TSC.

Spirometry
Spirometry (meaning the measuring of breath) is the most common of the pulmonary function tests (PFTs). It measures lung function, specifically the amount (volume) and/or speed (flow) of air that can be inhaled and exhaled. Spirometry is helpful in assessing breathing patterns that identify conditions such as asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, cystic fibrosis, and COPD. It is also helpful as part of a system of health surveillance, in which breathing patterns are measured over time.

Spirometry generates pneumotachographs, which are charts that plot the volume and flow of air coming in and out of the lungs from one inhalation and one exhalation.
Patella
The patella (pl.: patellae or patellas), also known as the kneecap, is a flat, rounded triangular bone which articulates with the femur (thigh bone) and covers and protects the anterior articular surface of the knee joint. The patella is found in many tetrapods, such as mice, cats, birds, and dogs, but not in whales, or most reptiles.

In humans, the patella is the largest sesamoid bone (i.e., embedded within a tendon or a muscle) in the body. Babies are born with a patella of soft cartilage which begins to ossify into bone at about four years of age.

Exostosis
An exostosis (pl. exostoses) is a benign (non-cancerous) new growth projecting from the surface of a bone, informally known as a bone spur. Exostoses can cause chronic pain ranging from mild to severe, depending on the shape, size, and location of the lesion, though most are asymptomatic and are found by chance on plain x-ray taken for other reasons. Occasionally, an exostosis can be potentially life-threatening.

When used in the phrases "cartilaginous exostosis" or "osteocartilaginous exostosis", the term is considered synonymous with osteochondroma. Some sources consider the two terms to mean the same thing even without qualifiers, but this interpretation is not universal.

Osteomyelitis, a bone infection, may leave the adjacent bone with exostosis formation. Charcot foot, the neuropathic breakdown of the feet seen primarily in diabetics, can also leave bone spurs that may then become symptomatic.