hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Phonological history of Scots
This is a presentation of the phonological history of the Scots language.

Scots has its origins in Old English (OE) via early Northern Middle English; though loanwords from Old Norse and Romance sources are common, especially from ecclesiastical and legal Latin, Anglo-Norman and Middle French borrowings. Trade and immigration led to some borrowings from Middle Low German and Middle Dutch. Some vocabulary has also been borrowed from Scotland's other language, Scottish Gaelic.

Scottish vowel length rule
The Scottish vowel length rule, also known as Aitken's law, describes how vowel length in Scots, Scottish English, and, to some extent, Ulster English and Geordie is conditioned by the phonetic environment of the vowel. Primarily, the rule is that certain vowels (described below) are phonetically long in the following environments:

Before /r/.

Before a voiced fricative (/v, z, ð, ʒ/).

Before a morpheme boundary.

In a word-final open syllable, save for the HAPPY vowel /e/ (or, in some Borders accents and Geordie, /iː/).

Exceptions can also exist for particular vowel phonemes, dialects, words, etc., some of which are discussed in greater detail below.
Antonia Romeo
Dame Antonia Rebecca Caroline Angharad Catherine Romeo  DCB (née Rice-Evans; born 20 October 1974) is a British civil servant who has served as Cabinet Secretary and Head of the Civil Service since February 2026. She has previously held permanent secretary roles at the Home Office, the Ministry of Justice and the Department for International Trade and before that, she was the British consul-general in New York for the Foreign and Commonwealth Office and concurrently director-general for economic and commercial affairs in the USA.

Department for International Trade
The Department for International Trade (DIT) was a department of the United Kingdom Government, from July 2016 to February 2023. It was responsible for striking and extending trade agreements between the United Kingdom and foreign countries, as well as for encouraging foreign investment and export trade.

DIT's purpose was to develop, coordinate and deliver a new trade policy for the United Kingdom, including preparing for and then negotiating free trade agreements and market access deals with non-EU countries.

The final Secretary of State for International Trade, was Kemi Badenoch. On 7 February 2023, the department was merged in a reshuffle with parts of the former Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy to form the new Department for Business and Trade. Badenoch became Secretary of State for Business and Trade.

The department was scrutinised by the International Trade Select Committee.
Benjamin Franklin Gates House
The Benjamin Franklin Gates House is an historic home and farm complex located on Lee Road (New York State Route 31A) in Barre, New York, United States. It is centered on a Greek Revival house built in the 1830s using the unusual stacked-plank structural system. The accompanying barn and privy are also included in the listing.

Gates, the original owner, was a pioneer in the settlement of Barre who established the first tannery in the town and later became one of its most prominent early citizens. The property has remained virtually unchanged since his ownership. After new owners restored it, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009. It is the second property listed in Barre after the Skinner-Tinkham House in the hamlet of Barre Center, and the second stacked-plank house listed in Orleans County after the Servoss House.

Skinner-Tinkham House
The Skinner-Tinkham House, commonly known as the Barre Center Tavern, is located at Maple Street and Oak Orchard Road (New York State Route 98) in Barre Center, New York, United States. It is a brick house in the Federal style built around 1830. It was renovated after the Civil War, which brought some Italianate touches to it.

Originally it was a tavern along one of the Western New York region's busier transportation routes, renovated into a house by a wealthy local farmer after that business ended. It is a rare surviving Federal-style brick tavern in Orleans County. It is currently vacant and in a state of disrepair, although some restoration efforts have been made. In 2004 it and a nearby barn were listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Panagiotis Kone
Panagiotis Kone (Greek: Παναγιώτης Κονέ, born 26 July 1987) is a Greek former professional footballer who played as a midfielder.

Kone started playing football in the youth ranks of Olympiacos, from where he moved to Lens' youth team. He started professional football in AEK Athens before moving to Iraklis in 2008. After two seasons with the club, Kone moved to Serie A club Brescia. After one season in Brescia, he moved to Bologna in 2011 on loan, then transferred permanently to the club in 2012.

He then signed for Udinese in 2014. After loan spells with Fiorentina, Granada and AEK Athens, Kone left Udinese in August 2018.

Kone represented Greece at various youth levels before making his senior debut in 2010. He was a member of the Greece squad that played in the 2014 World Cup.

RC Lens
Racing Club de Lens (French pronunciation: [ʁasiŋ klœb də lɑ̃s]), commonly referred to as RC Lens or simply as Lens, is a French professional football club based in the northern city of Lens in the department of Pas-de-Calais. The club's nickname, Les Sang et Or (transl. The Blood and Gold), comes from its traditional colours of red and gold. As of the 2024–25 season, Lens competes in Ligue 1, the highest tier of French football.

Lens won the Division 1 (now Ligue 1) title in the 1997–98 season, and has finished as runner-up on five occasions, most recently in the 2022–23 season. The club has a strong rivalry with neighbors Lille OSC, with whom they contest the Derby du Nord.
Mitch Gore
Mitch Gore (born January 20, 1992) is an American politician and  corrections officer currently serving as a Democratic member of the Indiana House of Representatives from the 89th district. He assumed office on November 4, 2020.

Indiana House of Representatives
The Indiana House of Representatives is the lower house of the Indiana General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Indiana. The House is composed of 100 members representing an equal number of constituent districts. House members serve two-year terms without term limits. According to the 2010 U.S. census, each State House district contains an average of 64,838 people.

The House convenes at the Indiana Statehouse in Indianapolis.
Emilija Vileišienė
Emilija Vileišienė née Jasmantaitė (1861–1935) was a Lithuanian activist. Born to a noble family, she attended the Smolny Institute and lived with her older brother in Saint Petersburg and Caucasus. When her brother became severely ill, they moved to Vilnius (Wilno, Vilna) where Vileišienė met her husband Antanas Vileišis and became active in Lithuanian cultural life. She was an active member of various Lithuanian organizations, including the Lithuanian Mutual Relief Society of Vilnius, Society of Saint Zita for servants, cultural Rūta Society. During World War I, she was a board member of the Lithuanian Society for the Relief of War Sufferers and was particularly active in organizing relief for war refugees. After the war, she remained in Vilnius and continued active public life despite several arrests by the Polish government. In 1928–1930, she toured numerous Lithuanian American communities collecting donations for the orphans and the poor.

Rūta Society
Rūta Society (Lithuanian: Vilniaus lietuvių kultūros draugija „Rūta“) was a Lithuanian cultural society in Vilnius (Vilna, Wilno), then part of the Russian Empire, active from 1909 to the outbreak of World War I in 1914. It organized various events, including lectures, literary evenings, and musical performances, but it is most noted for its contribution to the development of the Lithuanian theater. In total, Rūta staged about 50 plays.
Maïa Hirsch
Maïa Hirsch (born November 13, 2003) is a French basketball player for Flammes Carolo Basket of the La Boulangère Wonderligue. She was drafted 12th overall by the Minnesota Lynx in the 2023 WNBA draft.

2023 WNBA draft
The 2023 WNBA (Women's National Basketball Association) Draft, the WNBA's draft for the 2023 WNBA season and 28th draft in WNBA history, was held following the 2022–23 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The 2023 draft took place at Spring Studios New York on April 10, 2023. It was exclusively televised on ESPN in the United States and on TSN3/5 in Canada at 7:00 p.m. EDT.
Anil Chait
Lieutenant General Anil Chandra Chait, PVSM, AVSM, VSM is a former General Officer of the Indian Army. He last served as the Chief of Integrated Defence Staff, from July 2013 to June 2014. He had also served as the 29th General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Central Command.

General officer commanding
General officer commanding (GOC) is the usual title given in the armies of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth countries (and some other nations, such as Ireland) to a general officer who holds a command appointment.

Thus, a general might be the GOC British II Corps (a three-star appointment) or GOC British 7th Armoured Division (a two-star appointment).
Naginatajutsu
Naginatajutsu (長刀術 or 薙刀術) is the Japanese martial art of wielding the naginata (長刀). The naginata is a weapon resembling the European glaive and the Chinese guan dao. Most naginatajutsu practiced today is in a modernized form, a gendai budō, in which competitions also are held.

Tenshin Shōden Katori Shintō-ryū
Tenshin Shōden Katori Shintō-ryū (天真正伝香取神道流) is one of the oldest extant Japanese martial arts and an exemplar of bujutsu. It was founded by Iizasa Ienao, who lived near Katori Shrine (Sawara City, Chiba Prefecture) at the time. The ryū is purported to have been founded in 1447, but some scholars state that it was about 1480.
The Scotch Whisky Experience
The Scotch Whisky Experience is a visitor attraction themed around Scotch whisky in Edinburgh, Scotland. The attraction occupies a Category B listed Victorian era school building, located on Castlehill, part of the Royal Mile in the Old Town. It is immediately adjacent to the esplanade of Edinburgh Castle, within the Edinburgh UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The attraction's main feature is a guided tour which introduces visitors to the history of Scotch whisky. Since May 2009, the attraction has been home to the Diageo Claive Vidiz Whisky Collection, one of the largest archival collections of Scotch whisky in the world.

The lower two floors of the attraction building are occupied by the Amber Restaurant & Whisky Bar, which serves traditional Scottish cuisine. The attraction also has a gift shop, corporate spaces, and hosts private whisky tastings.

Diageo
Diageo plc is a British multinational alcoholic beverage company headquartered in London, England. It operates from 132 sites in nearly 180 countries. With brands such as Guinness, Johnnie Walker and Smirnoff, it is a major distributor of Scotch whisky and other spirits, with distilleries producing 40% of all Scotch whisky with over 24 brands. Diageo is a publicly traded company listed on both the London Stock Exchange where it is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index, and the New York Stock Exchange as American depositary receipts.
Democratic Colombia Party
The Democratic Colombia Party (Partido Colombia Demócrata) was a political party in Colombia founded in 2003. After 2006, the small party was decimated by the parapolitics scandal, in which four of its five congressmen were forced to resign and several found guilty.

Colombian parapolitics scandal
The Colombian parapolitics scandal (known as parapolítica in Spanish, a portmonteau of paramilitar and política) refers to the Colombian congressional scandal in which several congressmen and other politicians have been indicted for colluding with the United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia (AUC), a paramilitary group which is responsible for killing thousands of Colombian civilians. The scandal broke in 2006 and by April 17, 2012, 139 members of Congress were under investigation.

Five governors and 32 lawmakers, including Mario Uribe Escobar, cousin of President Álvaro Uribe and former President of Congress, were convicted.
Bridget Robinson (javelin thrower)
Bridget A. Robinson married name Dickson (born c.1941) is a former athlete from Northern Ireland, who represented Northern Ireland at the British Empire and Commmonwealth Games (now Commonwealth Games).

Thelma Hopkins (athlete)
Thelma Elizabeth Hopkins (16 March 1936 – 10 January 2025) was a Northern Irish athlete who competed in the high jump and the long jump. She won the high jump silver medal at the 1956 Melbourne Olympics and was European champion in 1954.
Skippack Creek
Skippack Creek is a 15.7-mile-long (25.3 km) tributary of Perkiomen Creek in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania in the United States. Skippack Creek joins Perkiomen Creek approximately 3 miles (5 km) upstream of that creek's confluence with the Schuylkill River.

A portion of the creek flows through Evansburg State Park and passes by the census-designated place of Skippack.

Skippack is a Native American name purported to mean "a pool of stagnant water".

It is stocked with brown and rainbow trout; other fish in the creek include smallmouth bass, catfish, sucker, carp, panfish, and freshwater eel.

Perkiomen Creek
Perkiomen Creek is a 37.7-mile-long (60.7 km) tributary of the Schuylkill River in Berks, Lehigh, and Montgomery counties in Pennsylvania.  Historically, the water course was also named Perquaminck Creek, on Thomas Holme's 1687 map of the region, which was published by William Penn, founder of the colonial-era Province of Pennsylvania.
Dennis Lo
Dennis Lo Yuk-ming (Chinese: 盧煜明; Jyutping: Lou4 Juk1 Ming4, born 12 October 1963) is a Hong Kong molecular biologist who has been serving as the vice-chancellor and president of the Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) since 8 January 2025. His research focuses on the detection of cell-free fetal DNA in blood plasma, and he is best known for his contributions to the development of non-invasive prenatal testing.

At CUHK, Lo is also the Associate Dean (Research) and Li Ka Shing Professor of Medicine at Faculty of Medicine, the head of the department of chemical pathology, and the director of the Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences.

Noninvasive prenatal testing
Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) is a method used to determine the risk for the fetus being born with certain chromosomal abnormalities, such as trisomy 21, trisomy 18 and trisomy 13. This testing analyzes small DNA fragments that circulate in the blood of a pregnant woman. Unlike most DNA found in the nucleus of a cell, these fragments are not found within the cells, instead they are free-floating, and so are called cell free fetal DNA (cffDNA). These fragments usually contain less than 200 DNA building blocks (base pairs) and arise when cells die, and their contents, including DNA, are released into the bloodstream. CffDNA derives from placental cells and is usually identical to fetal DNA. Analysis of cffDNA from placenta provides the opportunity for early detection of certain chromosomal abnormalities without harming the fetus.
Domènec Batet
Domènec Batet i Mestres (Spanish: Domingo Batet Mestres; August 30, 1872 – February 18, 1937) was a Spanish military man who became general of the Spanish Army.

Starting as a lieutenant, Batet quickly escalated ranks during the Cuban War of Independence. After the Disaster of Annual, as a colonel, Batet took part in the investigation of the defeat taking part in the drafting of the Picasso File. During the Second Spanish Republic, Domènec Batet was designated chief of the IV Organic Division in Catalonia and crushed the Catalan Uprising of October the 6th. With the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War Batet remained loyal to the Republic and was deployed in Burgos, where his subordinates betrayed him and captured him for the Nationalists. After months of captivity, Franco ordered the execution of Batet.

Spanish Army
The Spanish Army (Spanish: Ejército de Tierra, lit. 'Army of Land') is the terrestrial army of the Spanish Armed Forces responsible for land-based military operations. It is one of the oldest active armies, dating back to the late 15th century.

The Spanish Army has existed continuously since the reign of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella (late 15th century). The oldest and largest of the three services, its mission was the defence of Peninsular Spain, the Balearic Islands, the Canary Islands, Melilla, Ceuta and the Spanish islands and rocks off the northern coast of Africa.
The Adventures of Pureza: Queen of the Riles
The Adventures of Pureza: Queen of the Riles  is a 2011 Filipino comedy film directed by Soxie H. Topacio and starring Melai Cantiveros as Pureza. The film was produced by Sine Screen and Star Cinema. The film had a limited release on July 13, 2011.

Melai Cantiveros
Melisa Bunayog Cantiveros (Tagalog: [ˈmɛlaɪ kantɪˈbɛɾɔs]; born April 6, 1988) is a Filipino comedian, television personality and actress. She rose to fame in 2009, after winning Pinoy Big Brother: Double Up. In 2015, she won the first season of the Filipino version of Your Face Sounds Familiar. She is currently one of ABS-CBN's contract talents and one of the host of the networks longest running morning show, Magandang Buhay. Her accolades include an Asia Artist Award, two PMPC Star Awards for Television, including a nomination for an Asian Television Award.
Jennifer Homendy
Jennifer Lynn Homendy (née Esposito; born November 26, 1971) is an American government official, serving as the 15th chair of the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) since August 2021, having been a member of the NTSB since August 2018. Homendy worked in legislative advocacy for the AFL–CIO and the International Brotherhood of Teamsters before being appointed to the NTSB by President Donald Trump. As NTSB Chair, she has overseen responses to transportation incidents including the 2023 East Palestine, Ohio, train derailment; the 2024 Francis Scott Key Bridge collapse; and the 2025 Potomac River mid-air collision, and has made recommendations for improving transportation safety by air, road, rail, and sea.

National Transportation Safety Board
The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) is an independent U.S. government investigative agency responsible for civil transportation accident investigation. In this role, the NTSB investigates and reports on aviation accidents and incidents, certain types of highway crashes, ship and marine accidents, pipeline incidents, bridge failures, and railroad accidents. The NTSB is also in charge of investigating cases of hazardous materials releases that occur during transportation. The agency is based in Washington, D.C. It has three regional offices, located in Anchorage, Alaska; Aurora, Colorado; and Federal Way, Washington. The agency also operated a national training center at its Ashburn facility.
Gioul
Gioul is a tables game for two players that is common in the Levant and may have originated in Turkey. The set up and play are as in Greek Plakoto, blocking is as in Moultezim and doublets are very powerful as in the game of Gul Bara.

Fevga
Fevga is a popular Greek tables game for two players. It is usually played as one of three different games in succession – the others being Portes and Plakoto – in social gatherings or coffee shops. When played in this way, it is known as Tavli. Very similar games, with slight variations, are Turkish Moultezim, Russian Narde and Egyptian and Lebanese Tawla 31 or Maghribiyyah.
Tom Nijssen
Tom Nijssen (born 1 October 1964) is a former professional tennis player from the Netherlands. He went pro in 1984 and played at the ATP World Tour for 15 years. Nijssen's highest ATP singles ranking was No. 87 on 17 April 1989. He reached his best doubles ranking on 11 May 1992 when he became world No. 10. A doubles specialist, he won two Grand Slam mixed doubles titles with Manon Bollegraf, the French Open in 1989 and the US Open in 1991. They were runner-up at the Wimbledon mixed doubles tournament in 1993. In 1992 Nijssen and Helena Suková were the US Open mixed-doubles finalists.

Helena Suková
Helena Suková (Czech pronunciation: [ˈɦɛlɛna ˈsukovaː]) (born 23 February 1965) is a Czech former professional tennis player. She was ranked as the world No. 1 in women's doubles by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA), and No. 4 in singles. Suková won 14 major titles: nine in women's doubles and five in mixed doubles. She is also a two-time Olympic silver medalist in doubles, a four-time major singles runner-up, and won a total of ten singles titles and 69 doubles titles.
Lohio
Lohio is the sixth and final studio album by Ohio-based indie rock band Ass Ponys. It was released on June 12, 2001, on Checkered Past Records. It was produced by Brad Jones, who also produced their previous album, Some Stupid with a Flare Gun. Ass Ponys frontman Chuck Cleaver thought that the album was the Ass Ponys' best, which was one reason the band disbanded soon after it was released.

Some Stupid with a Flare Gun
Some Stupid With a Flare Gun is the fifth studio album by Cincinnati-based indie rock band Ass Ponys. It was released on April 11, 2000, on the Chicago-based indie label Checkered Past Records, and was produced by Brad Jones. The album's title is taken from a line in the Deep Purple song "Smoke on the Water." The album won "CD of the Year" in 2001 at the Cammy Awards.
Samuel Zager
Samuel Lewis Zager is an American politician and physician serving as a member of the Maine House of Representatives from the 41st district, which is part of the city of Portland. Elected in November 2020, he assumed office on December 2, 2020.

Maine House of Representatives
The Maine House of Representatives is the lower house of the Maine Legislature. The House consists of 151 voting members and three nonvoting members. The voting members represent an equal number of districts across the state and are elected via plurality voting. The nonvoting members represent three of Maine's Native American tribes, though one tribe (the Penobscot Nation) has declined to send a representative. Each voting member of the House represents around 9,000 citizens of the state. Because it is a part-time position, members of the Maine House of Representatives usually have outside employment as well. Members are limited to four consecutive terms of two years each, but may run again after two years.

The House meets at the Maine State House in Augusta.
Keeping It 100!
"Keeping It 100!" is the first episode of the eighth season of the American television series RuPaul's Drag Race. It is the show's 100th episode overall, originally airing on March 7, 2016. The main challenge tasks contestants with recreating looks inspired by previous challenges on the show. Nicole Richie is a guest judge. Former contestant Morgan McMichaels makes a guest appearance, as do previous winners from the show as part of a photo shoot for the mini-challenge with Mathu Andersen. Former contestants Latrice Royale, Raven, and Shannel also make guest appearances, introducing themes on the runway.

Kim Chi wins the main challenge. Naysha Lopez is eliminated from the competition after placing in the bottom two and losing a lip-sync contest against Laila McQueen to "Applause" by Lady Gaga. The episode earned Zaldy a nomination in the Outstanding Costumes for a Variety, Nonfiction, or Reality Programming category at the 68th Primetime Emmy Awards.

Morgan McMichaels
Morgan McMichaels (born May 28, 1981) is the stage name of Scottish-American drag performer Thomas White,  best known as a contestant on the second season of the reality television competition RuPaul's Drag Race, as well as the third season of the show's All-Stars spinoff. She has also been involved in various Drag Race spin-offs, including RuPaul's Drag U and RuPaul's Secret Celebrity Drag Race.