hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pierre Belly
Pierre Belly (August 17, 1738 – June 17, 1814) was a Louisiana planter, lawyer and judge. Originally a native of France, it's believed Belly arrived in Louisiana in 1774, where he received his first tract of land-for 3,756 acres in the form of a land grant from the Spanish colonial government. Pierre also received five more land grants (three from the Spanish government and two from the US government) totalling about 4,898 acres.

Pierre had an extensive and successful military career serving as an officer with the Spanish colonial militia and participated in the Galvez expedition against the British in 1779 commanding a force of 120 men. He retired from the militia in 1792, but later took up arms against the British alongside his son-in-law in the defense of New Orleans during the war of 1812. In 1805, Pierre also served as one of the first officials appointed to local government in Iberville Parish, and between 1805 and 1807 he served as a civil judge for the parish.

Iberville Parish, Louisiana
Iberville Parish (French: Paroisse d'Iberville) is a parish located south of Baton Rouge in the U.S. state of Louisiana, formed in 1807. The parish seat is Plaquemine. The population was 30,241 at the 2020 census.
Bacnotan
Bacnotan, officially the Municipality of Bacnotan (Ilocano: Ili ti Bacnotan; Filipino: Bayan ng Bacnotan), is a coastal municipality in the province of La Union, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 45,203 people.

Cordillera Central (Luzon)
The Cordillera Central or Cordillera Range is a massive mountain range 320 kilometres (200 mi) long north–south and 118 kilometres (73 mi) east-west situated in the north-central part of the island of Luzon, in the Philippines. The mountain range encompasses all provinces of the Cordillera Administrative Region (Abra, Apayao, Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga and Mountain Province), as well as portions of eastern Ilocos Norte, eastern Ilocos Sur, eastern La Union, northeastern Pangasinan, western Nueva Vizcaya, and western Cagayan.

To the north, the mountain range terminates at the northern shores of Luzon along the Babuyan Channel in Ilocos Norte and Cagayan provinces. At its southeastern part, the Central Cordillera is linked to the Sierra Madre Mountains, the longest mountain range in the country, through the Caraballo Mountains in Nueva Vizcaya province. During Spanish colonial period, the whole range was called Nueva Provincia (New Province).
Coat of arms of Panama
The Panamanian coat of arms is a heraldic symbol for Panama. These arms were adopted provisionally and then definitively by the same laws that adopted the Panamanian flag.

The harpy eagle (Harpia harpyja), the Panamanian national bird, is the species of eagle on this coat of arms.

Panama State
The Panama State, officially known as the Federal State of Panama from 1855 to 1863, and as the Sovereign State of Panama from 1863 until 1886 when it was dissolved, was established as one of the states of the Republic of New Granada, and later part of the Granadine Confederation, and the United States of Colombia. The state was established on 27 February 1855 and lasted until 1886 when it was replaced by the Department of Panama. In 1903, the territory of the Panama State achieved independence as the Republic of Panama.
Tania (artist)
Tania (born Tatiana Lewin; January 11, 1920 – January 24, 1982) was a Polish-born Jewish American abstract painter, sculptor, collage artist and painter of city walls.

She was active in the New York art world from 1949 to 1982, but is perhaps best known for her 13-story geometric wall painting of 1970, which still stands at the corner of Mercer and Third Streets in Greenwich Village, Manhattan, New York. In 1966, she became a founding member of City Walls, Inc., a non-profit organization that commissioned abstract artists to paint walls around New York City, and which (when consolidated with the Public Arts Council in 1977) would later become the Public Art Fund.

Hedda Sterne
Hedda Sterne (August 4, 1910 – April 8, 2011) was a Romanian-born American artist who was an active member of the New York School of painters.  Her work is often associated with Abstract Expressionism and Surrealism. She was also the only woman to appear in the famous photograph of abstract expressionist artists dubbed "The Irascibles", although the group included other women.
Aspergillus undulatus
Aspergillus undulatus is a species of fungus in the genus Aspergillus. It is from the Nidulantes section. The species was first described in 1985. A. undulatus has been isolated in China and Germany.

In 2016, the genome of A. undulatus was sequenced as a part of the Aspergillus whole-genome sequencing project - a project dedicated to performing whole-genome sequencing of all members of the genus Aspergillus. The genome assembly size was 32.11 Mbp.

Aspergillus
Aspergillus (/ˌæspərˈdʒɪləs/) is a genus consisting of several hundred mold species found in various climates worldwide.

Aspergillus was first catalogued in 1729 by the Italian priest and biologist Pier Antonio Micheli. Viewing the fungi under a microscope, Micheli was reminded of the shape of an aspergillum (holy water sprinkler), from Latin spargere (to sprinkle), and named the genus accordingly. Aspergillum is an asexual spore-forming structure common to all Aspergillus species; around one-third of species are also known to have a sexual stage. While some species of Aspergillus are known to cause fungal infections, others are of commercial importance.
Sai Jinhua
Sai Jinhua (Chinese: 賽金花; October 9, 1872 — December 4, 1936) was a Chinese prostitute who became the acquaintance of Alfred von Waldersee. Her real family name was Cao or Zhao. During her career, she used the names Fu Caiyun (傅彩雲), Sai Jinhua, and Cao Menglan (曹夢蘭). Her art name (hao) was Weizhao Lingfei (魏趙靈飛). Some people referred to her as Sai Erye (賽二爺).

In an encyclopedia article, Wenxian Zhang wrote Sai Jinhua "was regarded by some as a cross-cultural courtesan". In another, Wan Xianchu wrote: "Regardless of whether Sai Jinhua's role in China's foreign relations may have been exaggerated and despite the controversies surrounding her conduct and affairs, she lived a tough and spectacular life that has assured her a place in the modern history of China."

David Der-wei Wang
David Der-wei Wang (Chinese: 王德威; born November 6, 1954) is a Taiwanese-American literary historian, critic, and the Edward C. Henderson Professor of Chinese Literature at Harvard University. He has written extensively on post-late Qing Chinese fiction, comparative literary theory, colonial and modern Taiwanese literature, diasporic literature, Chinese Malay literature, Sinophone literature, and Chinese intellectuals and artists in the 20th century. His notions such as "repressed modernities", "post-loyalism", and "modern lyrical tradition" are instrumental and widely discussed in the field of Chinese literary studies.
Lulu Popplewell
Lulu Bird Popplewell (born Laura Francesca Popplewell; 15 January 1991) is an English comedian and actress.

She was a finalist in the Leicester Square New Comedian of the Year Award and the Chortle Student Comedy Award 2018.

She is the daughter of Lord Justice Sir Andrew Popplewell and his wife, Debra Lomas, a dermatologist. She is the younger sister of actress Anna Popplewell and the older sister of Freddie Popplewell, the niece of former cricketer Nigel Popplewell, and the granddaughter of the late Sir Oliver Popplewell, a former judge.

Popplewell was originally known for her role as Daisy in the 2003 film Love Actually. On radio she played the part of Lyra Belacqua in BBC Radio 4's 2003 dramatisation of Philip Pullman's His Dark Materials trilogy.

Nigel Popplewell
Nigel Francis Mark Popplewell (born 8 August 1957) is an English solicitor and former first-class cricketer who made more than 200 appearances for Somerset between 1979 and 1985. A right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-pace bowler, Popplewell also occasionally played as wicket-keeper.
1743 English cricket season
Several outstanding players were first named by sources in the 1743 English cricket season. The increasing popularity of single wicket is evident in a three-a-side match which was publicised as a contest between the "best six players in England", and reportedly drew a crowd of over 10,000 into the Artillery Ground. Other events included a revolutionary new ball design. Details of 24 matches are known.

Single wicket cricket
Single wicket cricket is a form of cricket played between two individuals, who take turns to bat and bowl against each other. The one bowling is assisted by a team of fielders, who remain as fielders at the change of innings. The winner is the one who scores more runs. There was considerable interest in single wicket during the middle part of the 18th century when it enjoyed top-class status.

Almost never seen professionally today, it is most often encountered in local cricket clubs, in which there are a number of knockout rounds leading to a final. The exact rules can vary according to local practice: for example, a player might be deducted runs for an out rather than ending their innings. An innings typically is limited to two or three overs. When single wicket was popular in the 18th century, however, there was no overs limitation, and a player's innings ended only on his dismissal.

The BBC Radio 4 drama The Archers features a regular single wicket competition.
Leftist errors
Leftist errors (Serbo-Croatian: leva/lijeva skretanja, лева/лијева скретања) was a term used by the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (CPY) to describe radical policies and strategies – described as the Red Terror (Crveni Teror) by others – pursued by self-described left-wing elements among the party and partisan units during World War II, mostly in Montenegro, Herzegovina, and Serbia, as well as to a lesser extent in Croatia and Slovenia.

From 1941–1942, these areas saw mass executions, burning of villages and confiscation of property, motivated both by partisan fears of a "fifth column" and class conflict. As a result of these actions by the communists, many villagers from Montenegro and eastern Herzegovina joined Chetnik forces en masse. The Communist Party of Yugoslavia condemned actions undertaken during the period and punished several local commanders.

Mirko Kovač (writer)
Mirko Kovač (26 December 1938 – 19 August 2013) was a Montenegrin writer. In his rich career he wrote novels, short stories, essays, film scripts, TV and radio plays. Among his best known works are the novella Životopis Malvine Trifković, the novels Vrata od utrobe, Grad u zrcalu, the short story collection Ruže za Nives Koen, the book of essays Europska trulež and the scripts for some of the most successful films of Yugoslav cinema like Handcuffs, Playing Soldiers and Occupation in 26 Pictures among others. He was one quarter of the infamous Belgrade quartet, the other three being Danilo Kiš, Borislav Pekić and Filip David.
ROH/NJPW War of the Worlds (2015)
War of the Worlds '15 was a two-day professional wrestling supershow co-produced by the American Ring of Honor (ROH) and Japanese New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW) promotions. The events took place on May 12 and 13, 2015, at the 2300 Arena in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. Both nights were released by ROH on video on demand (VOD) the following week.

War of the Worlds '15 was the second annual War of the Worlds event co-produced by ROH and NJPW, following War of the Worlds, which took place on May 17, 2014, at the Hammerstein Ballroom in New York City.

ROH World Tag Team Championship
The ROH World Tag Team Championship is a men's professional wrestling world tag team championship created and promoted by the American promotion Ring of Honor (ROH). Establish on September 21, 2002, it is the company's traditional tag team title, contested between teams of two wrestlers, and the inaugural champions were The Prophecy (Christopher Daniels and Donovan Morgan). In addition to being in ROH, the championship is also occasionally defended on All Elite Wrestling's (AEW) programs, as AEW and ROH are both owned by Tony Khan. The current champions are La Facción Ingobernable (Sammy Guevara and The Beast Mortos), who are in their first reign as a team, but first for Mortos and third for Guevara individually. They won the vacant title by defeating "Dynamite Kid" Tommy Billington and Adam Priest at Final Battle on December 5, 2025; the previous championship team of Guevara and Rush vacated the title due to Rush suffering a knee injury.
The Theory of Island Biogeography
The Theory of Island Biogeography is a 1967 book by the ecologist Robert MacArthur and the biologist Edward O. Wilson. It is widely regarded as a seminal work in island biogeography and ecology. The Princeton University Press reprinted the book in 2001 as a part of the "Princeton Landmarks in Biology" series. The book popularized the theory that insular biota maintain a dynamic equilibrium between immigration and extinction rates. The book also popularized the concepts and terminology of r/K selection theory.

Insular biogeography
Insular biogeography or island biogeography is a field within biogeography that examines the factors that affect the species richness and diversification of isolated natural communities. The theory was originally developed to explain the pattern of the species–area relationship occurring in oceanic islands. Under either name it is now used in reference to any ecosystem (present or past) that is isolated due to being surrounded by unlike ecosystems, and has been extended to mountain peaks, seamounts, oases, fragmented forests, and even natural habitats isolated by human land development.   The field was started in the 1960s by the ecologists Robert H. MacArthur and E. O. Wilson, who coined the term island biogeography in their inaugural contribution to Princeton's Monograph in Population Biology series, which attempted to predict the number of species that would exist on a newly created island.
Outline of physics
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to physics:

Physics – natural science that involves the study of matter and its motion through spacetime, along with related concepts such as energy and force. More broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how the universe behaves.

Phase (matter)
In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is a different material, in its own separate phase. (See state of matter § Glass.)

More precisely, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform.: 86 : 3  Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition.

The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter (as where oil and water separate into distinct phases, both in the liquid state).
Bombing range
A bombing range, sometimes referred to as an air weapons range (AWR), is a remote military facility used by combat aircraft for air-to-ground weapons training, as well as for the research, development, testing, and evaluation of aerial ordnance. These ranges support precision targeting with high-explosive aerial bombs, precision-guided munitions, rockets, missiles, and other aircraft-delivered weapons, in contrast to field firing ranges used by infantry and armored units.

To minimise environmental impact and infrastructure damage, various inert "practice bombs" are extensively used to simulate explosive ordnance during precision targeting exercises. In addition, solid target practice (TP) ammunition is employed during strafing runs, offering ballistic realism without explosive payloads, unlike high-explosive (HE) or armour-piercing (AP) variants which contain energetic fillers or penetrators designed for destructive effect.

Aerial bomb
An aerial bomb is a type of explosive or incendiary weapon intended to travel through the air on a predictable trajectory. Engineers usually develop such bombs to be dropped from an aircraft.

The use of aerial bombs is termed aerial bombing.
Dumlupınar Stadium
Dumlupınar Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Kütahya, Turkey.  It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of TFF Third League team Belediye Kütahyaspor.

The stadium was built in 1938 and currently holds 11,495 people.

With the promotion of TKİ Tavşanlı Linyitspor to the Turkish TFF First League at the end of the 2009–2010 season, the stadium became their home ground.

TKİ Tavşanlı Linyitspor
TKİ Tavşanlı Linyitspor is a Turkish sports club located in Tavşanlı, Kütahya Province. The football club was established in 1943. It plays in the Turkish Regional Amateur League. In 2009–2010 season of second league, they promoted to Bank Asya 1.Lig after play-off matches.
John de Rait
John de Rait [Raith, Rathe, Rate, Rathet] was a 14th-century Scottish cleric. The name "Rait" probably links him to the village of Rait in Gowrie, although the name "Rath" – Gaelic for a type of enclosed settlement – is common to many settlements in Scotland. Rait, at some unknown university, attained a Master's Degree in his youth; he was Archdeacon of Aberdeen between 1342 and 1350, and Precentor of Elgin Cathedral between 1349 and 1350. He resigned both positions in 1350 because in that year he became Bishop of Aberdeen. He held this position for five years, dying sometime before 9 June 1355 and was buried in the choir of Aberdeen Cathedral.

Bishop of Aberdeen
The Bishop of Aberdeen (originally Bishop of Mortlach, in Latin Murthlacum) was the ecclesiastical head of the Diocese of Aberdeen, one of Scotland's 13 medieval bishoprics, whose first recorded bishop is an early 12th-century cleric named Nechtan. It appears that the episcopal seat had previously been at Mortlach (Mòrthlach), but was moved to Aberdeen during the reign of King David I of Scotland. The names of three bishops of Mortlach are known, the latter two of whom, "Donercius" and "Cormauch" (Cormac), by name only. The Bishop of Aberdeen broke communion with the Catholic Church after the Scottish Reformation.  Following the Revolution of 1688, the office was abolished in the Church of Scotland, but continued in the Scottish Episcopal Church. A Roman Catholic Diocese of Aberdeen was recreated in 1878.
Seomun Market station
Seomun Market Station is a station of Daegu Subway Line 3 in Daesin-dong, and Sijangbungno, Jung District, Daegu, South Korea. It is named after Seomun Market, and is also called Dongsan Medical Center Station.

Jung District, Daegu
Jung District (Korean: 중구; RR: Jung-gu) is a gu, or district, covering the downtown area of Daegu, South Korea.  It borders most of the other districts of Daegu, including Nam-gu to the south, Seo-gu to the west, Buk-gu to the north, and Dong District and Suseong District to the east.  The northern border is formed by the Gyeongbu Line railroad, and the eastern border by the Sincheon stream.

Jung-gu is at the nexus of Daegu Subway Line 1 and Daegu Subway Line 2.  Daegu Subway Line 3 will also pass through the district when it is completed.
Metropolitan Railway C Class
The Metropolitan Railway C class was a group of four 0-4-4T steam tank locomotives built in 1891 by Neilson and Company. They were to a design by James Stirling, originally the  Q class of the South Eastern Railway, and were fitted with condensing apparatus for working in tunnels.

The Neilson works numbers were 4352–5, they were delivered in June 1891 as Metropolitan Railway nos. 67–70. Larger boilers were fitted during 1901–03, with the pressure increased to 150 pounds-force per square inch (1,030 kPa) as compared the 140 lbf/in2 (965 kPa) of the original boilers. No. 67 was sold in 1917 to the Ministry of Munitions; the others were sold in 1923 to Charles Williams of Morriston.

0-4-4T
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 0-4-4 represents the wheel arrangement of no leading wheels, four powered and coupled driving wheels on two axles, and four trailing wheels on two axles. This type was only used for tank locomotives.

In the UK 0-4-4 tanks were mainly used for suburban or rural passenger duties. In America, the wheel arrangement became known as the Forney, after a specific design of 0-4-4s, the Forney locomotive, became heavily used on the narrow curves of elevated railways and other rapid transit lines.
Una–New Delhi Jan Shatabdi Express
The Daulatpur Chowk- New Delhi Jan Shatabdi Express is a Superfast Express train belonging to Indian Railways - Northern Railway Division that runs between Daulatpur Chowk and New Delhi in India.

It operates as train number 12058 from Daulatpur Chowk to New Delhi via Chandigarh Junction and Train number 12057 in the reverse direction.

It serves the states of Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Delhi. Initially it ran up to Chandigarh and being extended to Una Himachal in year 2008, then Amb Andaura and finally to Daulatpur Chowk. As of 2024, the train operates between New Delhi and Daulatpur Chowk.

Una Himachal railway station
Una Himachal railway station, code name "UHL", is an important and main station in Una district which is located near Regional Government Hospital on Una–Hamirpur Highway in Una City which is the first broad gauge of Himachal Pradesh.

The ISBT Una is 2 km from station. Auto rickshaws and cabs are available here all the time.

Una Himachal railway station is directly connected to the country's capital Delhi, Chandigarh, Gujarat (Sabarmati), Madhya Pradesh (Ujjain/Indore).

Second-class waiting room, deluxe toilets, and water coolers, are available in the station. The station has two platforms and three rail tracks. Station is well rain sheltered. Rail tracks are electrified.
Praestrigites
Praestrigites is a genus from the family Strigoceratidae which is included in the ammonitid superfamily Haploceratoidea.

Praestrigites was named by Buckman in 1924, who also that year named the family Strigoceratidae. The genotype is P. praenuntius

Haploceratoidea
Haploceratoidea, formerly Haplocerataceae, is an extinct superfamily of ammonoid cephalopods belonging to the Ammonitida that unites three families, Strigoceratidae, Oppeliidae, and Haploceratidae, listed below.

Haploceratoidea begins with all three families in the lower Middle Jurassic, Bajocian.  Strigoceratidae is limited to the Bajocian but Oppeliidae, and Haploceratidae extend through the remaining Jurassic, well into the Cretaceous; the Oppeliidae into the middle Albian, the Haplocertidae only into the Valanginian.
Nigel Hughes
Nigel Charles Hughes (born 25 March 1964) is a British-American paleontologist. He is Professor of Earth Sciences at the University of California, Riverside.

Hughes graduated in Geology at the University of Durham (1985) and completed a PhD at the University of Bristol (1990).

He received the 2021 Raymond C. Moore Medal from the Society for Sedimentary Geology. He is the spouse of fellow paleontologist Mary L. Droser.

Mary L. Droser
Mary L. Droser is an American paleontologist. She is known for her work in South Australia, including the discovery of several fossils to which she had naming rights. As of 2023, she is part of a team preparing the nomination of the Flinders Ranges as a World Heritage Site.