hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2011 United Kingdom budget
The 2011 United Kingdom budget, officially called 2011 Budget – A strong and stable economy, growth and fairness, was delivered by George Osborne, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, to the House of Commons on 23 March 2011.

It was the second budget of the Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition government formed in 2010, and the second to be delivered by Osborne.

Osborne quoted data and projections from the Office for Budget Responsibility relating to economic growth, inflation and borrowing. Key measures taken or introduced included increasing the personal tax allowance, cuts in corporation tax, a cut in fuel duty, and a new equity loan scheme designed to help first-time buyers in the property market.

Hydrocarbon Oil Duty
Hydrocarbon Oil Duty (also fuel duty and fuel tax) is a fuel tax levied on some fuels used by most road motor vehicles in the United Kingdom; with exceptions for local bus services, some farm and construction vehicles and aviation, which pay reduced or no fuel duty.

The government revenue from fuel duty was £27.1 billion for the financial year 2014–2015. This is an increase in cash terms in comparison to 2013-2014 but now only represents 1.5% of GDP. This is in contrast to the start of the 2000s when it was 2.3% of GDP.  A further £3.9 billion is raised from the VAT on the duty, contributing some 3.5 per cent of total UK tax revenues. The Fuel Price Escalator, which was introduced in 1993 was abandoned after the disruptive fuel tax protests of 2000.
2012 European Cadet Judo Championships
The 2012 European Cadet Judo Championships is an edition of the European Cadet Judo Championships, organised by the International Judo Federation. It was held in Bar, Montenegro from 22 to 24 June 2012.

European Cadet Judo Championships
The European Cadet Judo Championships are annual judo competitions organized by the European Judo Union for European judoka aged 18 and younger.

The last contest took place in Skopje, North Macedonia. The next will take place in Las Palmas, Gran Canaria, Spain.
George Templeton Strong (composer)
George Templeton Strong (May 26, 1856 – June 27, 1948) was an American composer of classical music and a professional painter. His work has been described as Romantic. He moved to Vevey, Switzerland, in 1897 and lived there and in Geneva for the remainder of his life. Although his career was in Europe, he is considered an American composer.

Edward MacDowell
Edward Alexander MacDowell (December 18, 1860 – January 23, 1908) was an American composer and pianist of the late Romantic period. He was best known for his second piano concerto and his piano suites Woodland Sketches, Sea Pieces and New England Idylls. Woodland Sketches includes his most popular short piece, "To a Wild Rose". In 1904 he was one of the first seven Americans honored by membership in the American Academy of Arts and Letters.
Antonia Maria Verna
Antonia Maria Verna (12 June 1773 – 25 December 1838) was an Italian Roman Catholic religious sister and the founder of the Suore di carità dell'Immacolata Concezione. Verna left her hometown when she was fifteen due to increasing offers of marriage (which she did not want to accept) and returned sometime later when she decided to pursue her religious vocation. Her emphasis was on catechism and founded her religious congregation to better teach catechism to children as well as to tend to ill people.

Her beatification process launched after her death in the 1930s and she was titled as a Servant of God while the confirmation of her life of heroic virtue enabled for her to be titled as venerable on 19 December 2009. Pope Benedict XVI approved a miracle attributed to her intercession which would allow for Verna's beatification; Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone presided over her beatification in 2011 on the pope's behalf.

Tarcisio Bertone
Tarcisio Pietro Evasio Bertone SDB (born 2 December 1934) is an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church and a Vatican diplomat. A cardinal since 2003, he served as Archbishop of Vercelli from 1991 to 1995, as Secretary of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Archbishop of Genoa from 2002 to 2006, and as Cardinal Secretary of State from 2006 to 2013. On 10 May 2008, he was named Cardinal-Bishop of Frascati.

Bertone served as Camerlengo from 2007 to 2014. In the period between Pope Benedict XVI's resignation on 28 February 2013 and the election of Pope Francis on 13 March 2013, he served temporarily as the administrator of the Holy See and acting head of state of the Vatican City State. He was considered a contender to succeed Benedict XVI.

Besides his native Italian, Bertone speaks fluent French, Spanish, German and Portuguese. He has some knowledge of English, although he is not fluent, and he can read Polish, Latin, Greek and Hebrew.
Private Security Company Association of Iraq
The Private Security Company Association of Iraq (PSCAI) was a nonprofit organization formed to discuss and address matters of mutual interest and concern pertaining to the private security industry in Iraq. The PSCAI worked closely with the Iraqi Government and the Coalition Provisional Authority.  The association was dissolved on December 31, 2011.

Coalition Provisional Authority
Iraq came under United States military occupation following the invasion of the country on 19 March 2003 by U.S.-led Coalition forces that marked the fall of the Ba'athist regime led by Saddam Hussein. As a result, the U.S. formed the  Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA) that served as the transitional government established in May 2003 under the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1483 (2003) and the laws of war, and vested itself with executive, legislative, and judiciary authority over the Iraqi government from the period of the CPA's inception on 21 April 2003 until its dissolution on 28 June 2004.

The CPA was admonished for its mismanagement of funds allocated to the reconstruction of post-invasion Iraq, with over $8 billion of these unaccounted for, including over $1.6 billion in cash that emerged in a basement in Lebanon. The CPA has been described as a puppet government of the U.S..
Troika (1930 film)
Troika is a 1930 German drama film directed by Vladimir Strizhevsky and starring Hans Adalbert Schlettow, Hilde von Stolz and Olga Chekhova. Originally shot as a silent film, a soundtrack and sound effects were subsequently added.

The film's sets were designed by the art directors Jacek Rotmil and Heinz Fenchel.

Olga Chekhova
Olga Konstantinovna Chekhova (née Knipper; Russian: Ольга Константиновна Чехова; 14 April 1897 – 9 March 1980), known in Germany as Olga Tschechowa, was a Russian-German actress. Her film roles include the female lead in Alfred Hitchcock's Mary (1931).
Compte rendu
The Compte rendu (full name Compte rendu au Roi, translated as "Report to the King") was a document published in February 1781 by Jacques Necker, finance minister to King Louis XVI, in which he presented the state of France's finances.

Controller-General of Finances
The Controller-General or Comptroller-General of Finances (French: Contrôleur général des finances) was the name of the minister in charge of finances in the Kingdom of France from 1661 to 1791. It replaced the former position of Superintendent of Finances (Surintendant des finances), which was abolished with the downfall of Nicolas Fouquet. It did not hold any real political power until 1665, when First Minister Jean-Baptiste Colbert, who had acted upon financial matters since Fouquet's embezzlement charge, was appointed to the office.
Mervin Tran
Mervin Tran (born September 22, 1990) is a retired Canadian pair skater.

Competing for Japan with former partner Narumi Takahashi, he is the 2012 World bronze medalist, the 2010 World Junior silver medalist, the 2010 JGP Final champion, and 2008–10 Japanese national champion. They were the first pair to win a World medal for Japan. After their partnership ended, Tran competed one season with Natasha Purich for Canada. Competing for the United States with Marissa Castelli, he is the 2017 U.S. national silver medalist. Following Castelli's retirement, he briefly competed with Olivia Serafini for the United States. As of 2022, Mervin coaches in the New York area.

Bruno Marcotte
Bruno Marcotte (born September 10, 1974) is a Canadian figure skating coach and former competitor in pairs. He is the 1993 World Junior bronze medallist with Isabelle Coulombe and the 2000 Nebelhorn Trophy champion with Valérie Marcoux.
Maringic languages
The Maringic languages is a small group of Sino-Tibetan languages consisting of Maring and Uipo (exonym: Khoibu), two closely related languages spoken by the Maring and Khoibu people in Manipur, India. Linguistically, they may be closest to the Tangkhulic languages.

Uipo language
Uipo (also known by the exonym Khoibu) is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken by the Khoibu people in Manipur, India. It is related to the Tangkhulic languages. There are just under 2,000 speakers centered around the village of Kangshim in Manipur, located to the southeast of Imphal.
Sara Wesslin
Sara Wesslin (born 7 November 1991) is a Skolt Saami journalist and news anchor from Finland and a strong advocate of the Skolt Sami language, her grandmother Olga's mother tongue. She took on the Finnish Ministry of Education and Culture to secure funding from Finland for the Nordic Resource Centre for the Sami languages.

In October 2019, she was one of the "inspiring and influential women" featured in the BBC's 100 Women. Wesslin has used her media resources and access to popular culture to help revive the Skolt Sámi language. She has also focused on teaching it to women who she believes play a huge role in keeping the language in their family. In June 2020, she was shortlisted for the One Young World Journalist of the Year Award.

100 Women (BBC)
100 Women is a BBC multi-format series established in 2013. The annual series examines the role of women in the 21st century and has included events in London and Mexico. Announcement of the list is the start of an international "BBC's women season", lasting three weeks including broadcast, online reports, debates and journalism on the topic of women. Women around the world are encouraged to participate via social media and comment on the list, as well as on the interviews and debates that follow release of the list.
Legion of Space series
The Legion of Space is a space opera science fiction series by American writer Jack Williamson. The story takes place in an era when humans have colonized the Solar System but dare not go farther, as the first extra-solar expedition to Barnard's Star failed and the survivors came back as babbling, grotesque, diseased madmen. They spoke of a gigantic planet, populated by ferocious animals and the single city left of the evil "Medusae".  The Medusae bear a vague resemblance to jellyfish, but are actually elephant-sized, four-eyed, flying beings with hundreds of tentacles.  The Medusae cannot speak, and communicate with one another via a microwave code.

The Cometeers
The Cometeers is a collection of two science fiction novels by the American writer Jack Williamson.  It was first published by Fantasy Press in 1950 in an edition of 3,162 copies.  The novels were originally serialized in the magazine Astounding in 1936 and 1939, and later released as individual paperbacks by Pyramid Books.

One Against the Legion was also published in Great Britain in 1970, in a paperback edition by Sphere Books Ltd. This edition included an additional novel, Nowhere Near, chronologically the fourth in the Legion of Space series. It featured, among others,  Giles Habibula, and Lilith, a new Keeper of the Peace and mistress of AKKA.
Total War Battles: Shogun
Total War Battles: Shogun is a real-time strategy video game spinoff of the Total War series developed by Creative Assembly and published by Sega. It was released on April 19, 2012 for iOS and on August 29, 2012 for Windows. It is not to be confused with the strategy game Shogun: Total War, released by the same publisher.

The iOS release received positive reception from critics, who called its graphics high-quality and its gameplay deep and engaging, whereas the Windows release received mixed reception from critics and end users, with complaints of slow pacing and little connection to other games in the Total War series.

Total War (video game series)
Total War is a series of strategy games developed by British developer Creative Assembly for personal computers. They combine turn-based strategy and resource management with real-time tactical control of battles. Rather uniquely for real-time strategy games, flanking manoeuvres and formations factor heavily into gameplay. The first of the series, Shogun: Total War, was released in June 2000. The most recent major game released was Total War: Pharaoh on 11 October 2023. As of April 2021, the series had sold over 36 million copies.
Kenelm Somerville, 17th Lord Somerville
Admiral Kenelm Somerville, 17th Lord Somerville (14 November 1787 – 19 October 1864) was a Royal Navy officer and Scottish hereditary peer. He joined the navy in 1801 and served throughout the Napoleonic Wars, fighting at the invasion of Isle de France, Battle of Tamatave, and invasion of Java. He was promoted to commander in 1811 and in 1813 took command of the troopship HMS Thames which he sailed to North America to fight in the War of 1812. Promoted to post-captain in 1814, he commanded a flotilla in the expedition that burned Washington. Somerville retired from the navy in 1846 and continued to be promoted on the retired list, becoming an admiral in 1862. He inherited the title of Lord Somerville from his brother in 1842 and died at Newbold Comyn in 1864 at the age of 76.

Admiral (Royal Navy)
Admiral (Adm) is a senior rank of the Royal Navy, which equates to the NATO rank code OF-9, outranked only by the rank of admiral of the fleet. Royal Navy officers holding the ranks of rear admiral, vice admiral and admiral of the fleet are sometimes considered generically to be admirals. The rank of admiral is currently the highest rank to which a serving officer in the Royal Navy can be promoted, admiral of the fleet being in abeyance except for honorary promotions of retired officers and members of the royal family.

The equivalent rank in the British Army and Royal Marines is general; and in the Royal Air Force, it is air chief marshal.
Lal-lo and Gattaran Shell Middens
The Lal-lo and Gattaran Shell Middens are one of the most significant archaeological gastronomic finds in Southeast Asia in the 20th century. The site is located along the banks of the Cagayan River in the province of Cagayan, Philippines. The site, as old as 2000 BC, is highly important due to its archaeological impact on the food resources and human activities of the ancient peoples of the Cagayan Valley. It is currently under consideration as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Cagayan River
The Cagayan River, also known as the Río Grande de Cagayán, is the longest river and the largest river by discharge volume of water in the Philippines. It has a total length of approximately 505 kilometres (314 mi) and a drainage basin covering 27,753 square kilometres (10,715 sq mi). It is located in the Cagayan Valley region in northeastern part of Luzon Island and traverses the provinces of Nueva Vizcaya, Quirino, Isabela and Cagayan; it also flows through the only Central Luzon province of Aurora.
Little Magnets Versus the Bubble of Babble
Little Magnets Versus the Bubble of Babble is the third and final album by UK pop rock band Transvision Vamp. The album was released in 1991, two years after their UK No. 1 album Velveteen.

This album did not get a UK release at the time due to disputes with their label. Little Magnets Versus the Bubble of Babble took on a more mellow sound, which was the reason that their record company at one stage refused to release it – it was eventually released in the US but not in the UK at the time. It was, however, released in Australia, where the band had enjoyed considerable success. The album peaked at No. 25 on the Australian Albums Chart. It was released in New Zealand where it reached No.14, and also released in Sweden, reaching No.27. Little Magnets Versus the Bubble of Babble produced a few singles, but before a UK release could be re-considered, Transvision Vamp broke up.

This was the only Transvision Vamp album to feature co-writing credits for Wendy James.

Velveteen (album)
Velveteen is the second studio album by English rock band Transvision Vamp, released in June 1989 by MCA Records. The album includes the single "Baby I Don't Care", which reached number 3 in the United Kingdom and Australia. Velveteen reached number 1 on the UK Albums Chart and number 2 in Australia, where it became the 39th best-selling album of the year.

An accompanying video album, titled The Velveteen Singles, features the videos for all four singles released from the album, as well as behind-the-scenes footage.
Geremy Hickbottom
Geremy Hickbottom (born July 7, 1997) is an American former football quarterback. He played college football for Grambling State and Tennessee State. He previously played for the Cologne Crocodiles of the German Football League (GFL) and the Massachusetts Pirates of the Indoor Football League (IFL).

German Football League
The German Football League (GFL) is a professional American football league in Germany. The league was formed in 1979. In 1999, the league changed to its current name from American-Football-Bundesliga. Rules are based on American NCAA rules.

In terms of attendance figures, cumulative salaries paid by teams, performance in international exhibition games and competitions and ability to draw foreign talent, the GFL is generally considered the most competitive national league in Europe.
Mamuralia
In ancient Roman religion, the Mamuralia or Sacrum Mamurio ('Rite for Mamurius') was a festival held on March 14 or 15, named only in sources from late antiquity. According to Joannes Lydus, an old man wearing animal skins was beaten ritually with sticks. The name is connected to Mamurius Veturius, who according to tradition was the craftsman who made the ritual shields (ancilia) that hung in the temple of Mars. Because the Roman calendar originally began in March, the Sacrum Mamurio is usually regarded as a ritual marking the transition from the old year to the new. It shares some characteristics with scapegoat or pharmakos ritual.

John the Lydian
John the Lydian or John Lydus (Greek: Ἰωάννης Λαυρέντιος ὁ Λυδός; Latin: Ioannes Laurentius Lydus) (AD 491 – c. 565) was a Byzantine administrator and writer. He is considered a key figure in antiquarian studies from the fourth to the sixth century A.D. Although he is a secondary author, his works are significant because they are filled with valuable insights into history, astronomy, astrology, mythology, religion, and language. Additionally, they provide important information on Roman and Byzantine culture, making them worthy of in-depth study.
Ohaniella
Ohaniella (IPA: [ɔː.hɑ.ni.ɛl.la]) (named after Tamiko Ohana Japanese: 大花 民子) is a monotypic whole-plant genus of williamsoniacean bennettitalean from the Tochikubo Formation of Fukushima, northeast Japan. The type species is Ohaniella ptilofolia, known from various whole-plant specimens comprising leaf-bearing branches and disarticulated leaves of the Ptilophyllum jurassicum-type, a mature or maturing seed cone of the Bennetticarpus-type, and potential male reproductive organs of the Weltrichia-type.

Williamsoniaceae
Williamsoniaceae is a family within the Bennettitales, an extinct group of seed plants. Members of this family are believed to have been around two meters tall and with widely serrate leaves along a central stem. Reproductive organs of the Williamsoniaceae have varied widely in the fossil record but almost all have been found to be borne on stalks emerging from a ring of leaves.
Christ Brotherhood
Christ Brotherhood, Inc. was a UFO religious group founded on December 16, 1956, in Orange, California, United States, by Wallace C. Halsey. Halsey claimed that during his sleep, he channeled messages from extraterrestrials who warned of the impending destruction of the world and the gathering of a remnant of humanity to be saved.

Halsey described Christ Brotherhood, Inc. as a non-profit religious educational organization founded with the goal of "bringing greater understanding to all mankind." According to Halsey, the organization comprised members of 52 different religious denominations.

UFO religion
A UFO religion, also called a UFO cult or flying saucer cult or extraterrestrial religion, is any religion in which the existence of extraterrestrial (ET) entities and communication with them is a core belief. Typically, adherents of such religions believe the ETs to be interested in the welfare of humanity which either already is, or eventually will become, part of a pre-existing ET civilization. These religions have their roots in the tropes of early science fiction (especially space opera) and weird fiction writings, in ufology, and in the subculture of UFO sightings and alien abduction stories. Some historians consider the Aetherius Society, founded by George King, to be the first UFO religion, while others consider it to be "I AM" Activity.
2004 Euro Beach Soccer Cup
The 2004 Euro Beach Soccer Cup was the sixth Euro Beach Soccer Cup, one of Europe's two major beach soccer championships at the time, held in June 2004, in Lisbon, Portugal.
Hosts Portugal won the championship, claiming their fourth successive title and fifth overall, with Spain finishing second. Italy beat France in the third place playoff to finish third and fourth respectively.

Eight teams participated in the tournament who played in a straightforward knockout tournament, starting with the quarterfinals, with extra matches deciding the nations who finished in fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth place.

Portugal national beach soccer team
The Portugal national beach soccer team represents Portugal in international beach soccer competitions, and is controlled by the Portuguese Football Federation (FPF), the governing body for Portuguese football. The team has participated in 20 of the 23 editions of the Beach Soccer World Cup (organised by FIFA since 2005), and its best results are three victories in 2001 (Costa do Sauípe, Brazil), 2015 (Espinho, Portugal), and 2019 (Luque, Paraguay). Alongside Brazil, Portugal is the only team to have won the world title before and after FIFA assumed the government of beach soccer worldwide. In European competitions, Portugal is record holder of titles.
Siobhan Wescott
Siobhan Wescott is an American educator who is Professor of American Indian Health at the Nebraska Medical Center College of Public Health. She was previously Director of the Indians into Medicine program at the University of North Dakota, where she trained hundreds of Native American physicians. In 2022, she was included by Stat News on their definitive list of leaders in the life sciences.

Stat (website)
Stat (stylized STAT, sometimes also called Stat News) is an American health-oriented news website launched on November 4, 2015, by John W. Henry, the owner of The Boston Globe. It is produced by Boston Globe Media and is headquartered in the Globe's own building in Boston. Its executive editor is Rick Berke, who formerly worked at both The New York Times and Politico. According to Kelsey Sutton of Politico, the website is Henry's "biggest and most ambitious standalone site yet". The site's name comes from the term "stat", short for statim, or "immediately"—a term that has long been used in medical contexts.

STAT grew from 45 staff members in 2016 to 100 by 2025.