hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Capital gains tax in the United States
In the United States, individuals and corporations pay a tax on the net total of all their capital gains. The tax rate depends on both the investor's tax bracket and the amount of time the investment was held. Short-term capital gains are taxed at the investor's ordinary income tax rate and are defined as investments held for a year or less before being sold. Long-term capital gains, on dispositions of assets held for more than one year, are taxed at a lower rate.

Affordable Care Act tax provisions
In 2014, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) introduced a host of tax provisions to accommodate the Affordable Care Act.

Robert W. Wood wrote in Forbes that the relationship between tax filing and obtaining health insurance may cause mixed feelings. Some are expected to feel they have benefited, but others may feel burdened by additional costs and/or filing requirements.
Armand Sylvestre (MP)
Joseph-Ernest-Armand Sylvestre (May 15, 1890 – March 3, 1972) was a lawyer and political figure in Quebec, Canada. He represented Lake St. John from 1925 to 1930 and Lake St-John—Roberval from 1935 to 1945 in the House of Commons of Canada as a Liberal member.

He was born in Quebec City, the grandson of Louis Sylvestre. Sylvestre was first elected to the House of Commons in the 1925 federal election and reelected in 1926. He was defeated by Joseph-Léonard Duguay when he ran for reelection in 1930. Sylvestre defeated Duguay in the newly formed riding of Lake St-John—Roberval in 1935 and again in 1940.

Lac-Saint-Jean
Lac-Saint-Jean (French: [lak sɛ̃ ʒɑ̃], Quebec French pronunciation: [lak sẽ ʒã]) is a federal electoral district in the Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean region, northeast Quebec, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1925 to 2004, and has been represented since 2015.
Zehev Tadmor
Zehev Tadmor (Hebrew: זאב תדמור; born 1937) is a retired Israeli chemical engineer who has served as distinguished professor, president, and chairman of the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology. He is also chairman of the Samuel Neaman Institute for Advanced Studies in Science and Technology, a policy research center. His main research interest is polymer and plastics engineering and processing. He won the Emet Prize in 2005.

EMET Prize
The EMET Prize for Art, Science and Culture is an Israeli prize awarded annually for excellence in academic and professional achievements that have far-reaching influence and make a significant contribution to society.
Prizes are awarded in the following five categories: the Exact Sciences, Life Sciences, Social Sciences, Humanities, and Culture and the Arts.

The prizes, totaling one million dollars, are sponsored by the EMN Foundation for the Advancement of Science, Art and Culture in Israel, under the auspices of and in cooperation with the Prime Minister of Israel. It is awarded to Israeli citizens and, in certain circumstances, to non-citizens residing in Israel who consider Israel their permanent home.

The EMET Prize is administered by the Award Committee, composed of representatives appointed by the Prime Minister and the EMN Foundation. Currently, the Chairman of the Award Committee is retired Supreme Court Justice Jacob Turkel.
Tr (Unix)
tr is a command in Unix, Plan 9, Inferno, and Unix-like operating systems. It is an abbreviation of translate or transliterate, indicating its operation of replacing or removing specific characters in its input data set.

Inferno (operating system)
Inferno is a distributed operating system started at Bell Labs and now developed and maintained by Vita Nuova Holdings as free software under the MIT License. Inferno was based on the experience gained with Plan 9 from Bell Labs, and the further research of Bell Labs into operating systems, languages, on-the-fly compilers, graphics, security, networking and portability. The name of the operating system, many of its associated programs, and that of the current company, were inspired by Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy. In Italian, Inferno means "hell", of which there are nine circles in Dante's Divine Comedy.
Margaret Tait Award
The Margaret Tait Award is a moving image prize for artists living and working in Scotland. It is named after the Orcadian filmmaker and writer Margaret Tait (1918–99). Recipients of the award have included Alberta Whittle, Charlotte Prodger, Rachel Maclean and Torsten Lauschmann.

Charlotte Prodger
Charlotte Prodger (born 1974) is a British artist and film-maker who works with "moving image, printed image, sculpture and writing". Her films include Statics (2021), SaF05 (2019), LHB (2017), Passing as a great grey owl (2017), BRIDGIT (2016), Stoneymollan Trail (2015) and HDHB (2012). In 2018, she won the Turner Prize.
Nancy Douglas Bowditch
Nancy Douglas Bowditch (July 4, 1890 – May 1, 1979) was an American artist, author, costumer and set designer. The daughter of painter George de Forest Brush, she produced a biography of him in 1970, and her own memoirs published posthumously.  She was married firstly to the artist William Robert Pearmain, and later to Dr. Harold Bowditch.

She became involved in costume work for plays but sought spiritual concerns and found the Baháʼí Faith in 1926, going on Baháʼí pilgrimage and serving in the arts inside and outside the religion's community She was active in the Baháʼí Faith community of Greater Boston, elected as Chair of the Boston Spiritual Assembly and later to the first local assembly of Peterborough, New Hampshire.

Spiritual Assembly
Spiritual Assembly is a term given by ʻAbdu'l-Bahá to refer to elected councils that govern the Baháʼí Faith. Because the Baháʼí Faith has no clergy, they carry out the affairs of the community.  In addition to existing at the local level, there are national Spiritual Assemblies (although "national" in some cases refers to a portion of a country or to a group of countries). Spiritual Assemblies form part of the elected branch of the Baháʼí administration.
Roger Madsen
Roger Madsen is an American attorney and politician who served as the director of the Idaho Department of Labor. Madsen had previously served as a member of the Idaho Senate from 1988 to 1990 and 1992 to 1994.

Idaho Department of Labor
The Idaho Department of Labor is a state agency in Idaho. The agency is responsible for economic development, labor relations, workforce, technology, volunteerism, and workforce development. It also processes requests for unemployment benefits and unemployment insurance. The agency is managed by the Idaho Director of Labor who is selected by the governor of Idaho.
Kevan Smith (baseball)
Kevan Alan Smith (born June 28, 1988) is an American former professional baseball catcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Chicago White Sox, Los Angeles Angels, Tampa Bay Rays, and Atlanta Braves. Prior to playing professionally, Smith attended the University of Pittsburgh, where he played for the Pittsburgh Panthers baseball and football teams. The White Sox selected Smith in the seventh round of the 2011 Major League Baseball draft. He made his MLB debut in 2016.

2011 Major League Baseball draft
The 2011 Major League Baseball draft was held from June 6 through June 8, 2011, from Studio 42 of the MLB Network in Secaucus, New Jersey. The Pittsburgh Pirates selected Gerrit Cole out of the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), with the first overall pick.
Amor vien dal destino
Amor vien dal destino (Love comes from destiny) is an opera in three acts composed by Agostino Steffani to an Italian libretto by Ortensio Mauro. It is based on an episode from Vergil's Aeneid. It was composed when Steffani was director of music in Hannover, probably in 1694. It was not performed at the time, but premiered in 1709 in Düsseldorf. The opera was revived in concert in Steffani's hometown and New York City in 1981, staged by the Berlin State Opera in 2016, and again by Oper Frankfurt in 2026.

The music has a rich instrumentation, including the pioneering use of chalumeau, and features a great variety of sounds in quick succession. The role of the heroine is unusually written for contralto, while her nurse sings tenor. Like later Mozart, Steffani inserted comic scenes into a serious opera.

Chalumeau
The chalumeau (English: /ˈʃæləmoʊ/; French: [ʃa.ly.mo]; plural chalumeaux) is a single-reed woodwind instrument of the late baroque and early classical eras.  The chalumeau is a folk instrument that is the predecessor to the modern-day clarinet.  It has a cylindrical bore with eight tone holes (seven in front and one in back for the thumb) and a broad mouthpiece with a single heteroglot reed (i.e. separate, not a continuous part of the instrument's body) made of cane.  Similar to the clarinet, the chalumeau overblows a twelfth.
1977 African Youth Qualifying for World Cup
The 1977 African Youth Qualifying for World Cup was the debut qualification tournament for African nations for the FIFA World Youth Championship. Ivory Coast and Morocco qualified for the inaugural FIFA World Youth Championship which took place in Tunisia. This was the only edition of the tournament not titled the African Youth Championship.

Ivory Coast national under-20 football team
Ivory Coast national under-20 football team, also known as Côte d'Ivoire Under-20s or Ivory Coast U20(s), represents Ivory Coast in association football at an under-20 age level and is controlled by Ivorian Football Federation, the governing body for football in Ivory Coast.
AWS Cloud Development Kit
The AWS Cloud Development Kit (AWS CDK) is an open-source software development framework developed by Amazon Web Services (AWS) for defining and provisioning cloud infrastructure resources using familiar programming languages. The AWS CDK aims to improve the experience of working with Infrastructure as Code by providing higher-level, reusable constructs that enable developers to create and manage AWS resources more efficiently and with less boilerplate code compared to traditional configuration files like AWS CloudFormation templates.

Infrastructure as code
Infrastructure as code (IaC) is the process of managing and provisioning computer data center resources through machine-readable definition files, rather than physical hardware configuration or interactive configuration tools.
The IT infrastructure managed by this process comprises both physical equipment, such as bare-metal servers, as well as virtual machines, and associated configuration resources.
The definitions may be in a version control system, rather than maintaining the code through manual processes.
The code in the definition files may use either scripts or declarative definitions, but IaC more often employs declarative approaches.
Roll trailer
A roll trailer or "Mafi" is a trailer platform that requires towing by a powered vehicle. It is commonly used for the transport of heavy static goods and materials in the maritime shipping industry. Roll trailers are similar to shipping flat racks containers, however, they have a set of rear wheels.

Twenty-foot equivalent unit
The twenty-foot equivalent unit (abbreviated TEU or teu) is a general unit of cargo capacity, often used for container ships and container ports. It is based on the volume of a 20-foot-long (6.1 m) intermodal container, a standard-sized metal box that can be easily transferred between different modes of transportation, such as ships, trains, and trucks.
Dizoid languages
The Dizoid or Maji (Majoid) languages consist of three languages spoken in southwestern Ethiopia:

Dizi

Sheko

Nayi (Na'o)

Dizi differs from the rest of the two languages somewhat more (Aklilu 2003), although Glottolog considers similarities between Sheko and Nayi to be due to retentions rather than evidence of subgrouping.

Güldemann (2018) accepts that Dizoid is more likely to be related to Ta-Ne ("North Omotic") than Mao and Aroid are, and observes loanword influence on Maji languages from the Gimira subgroup of Ta-Ne.

Mao languages
The Mao languages are a branch of the Omotic languages spoken in Ethiopia and parts of Sudan. The group had the following categories:

Bambasi, spoken in the Bambasi woreda of Benishangul-Gumuz Region,

Hozo and Seze (often described together as 'Begi Mao'), spoken around Begi in the Mirab (West) Welega Zone of the Oromia Region, and

Ganza, which is spoken south of Bambasi in the Asosa Zone of Benishangul-Gumuz Region, west of the Hozo and Seze languages and in Blue Nile State in Sudan.

It is estimated that there are 5,000 speakers of Bambasi, 3,000 speakers each of Hozo and Seze and a few hundred Ganza speakers (Bender, 2000). During recent political upheavals, a few thousand Bambassi speakers established themselves in the valley of the Didessa River and Belo Jegonfoy woreda. Much of the Mirab Welega Zone was once the home of Mao languages, but they have lost speakers because of the increasing influence of Oromo.
Edmund Kaczor
Edmund Kaczor (24 December 1956 – 30 August 2024) was a German professional footballer who played as a forward and as a midfielder for Preußen Münster, Rot-Weiß Oberhausen and Linzer ASK throughout the late 1970s and early 1980s. He is also the younger brother of fellow football forward Josef Kaczor and briefly played for Bayern Munich.

SC Preußen Münster
SC Preußen Münster (English: Prussia Münster) is a German sports club based in Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia which is mostly recognised for its football section. The football team currently plays in the 2. Bundesliga which is the second tier in German football. Preußen Münster also fields teams in tennis, athletics, futsal, handball, fistball, darts and esports.
Bondage suit
A type of bondage suit, also commonly called a gimp suit or gimpsuit, is a form-fitting garment designed to cover the body completely (usually including the hands and feet) for role-playing purposes. It can have an attached hood; nevertheless, if it does not, then it is often worn with a bondage hood, or a "gimp mask". The purpose of the hood, or mask, is to limit the human capacity for facial perception allowing the wearer to assume the consensually agreed upon role. The purpose of the entire bondage suit is to temporarily alter the executive functions of all persons involved through perception. The suit may be made from any material—leather, PVC, rubber, spandex, and darlexx are the most usual.

Catsuits may be worn in conjunction with corsets, bondage harnesses or other restraints as part of a bondage suit.

Role-playing
Role-playing or roleplaying is the changing of one's behaviour to assume a role, either unconsciously to fill a social role, or consciously to act out an adopted role. While the Oxford English Dictionary offers a definition of role-playing as "the changing of one's behaviour to fulfill a social role", in the field of psychology, the term is used more loosely in four senses:

To refer to the playing of roles generally such as in a theatre, or educational setting;

To refer to taking a role of a character or person and acting it out with a partner taking someone else's role, often involving different genres of practice;

To refer to a wide range of games including role-playing video game (RPG), play-by-mail games and more;

To refer specifically to role-playing games.
Mel Lopez Boulevard
Mel Lopez Boulevard, formerly known as President Ferdinand E. Marcos Highway or simply as Marcos Road, is a 6.2-kilometer (3.9 mi), six-to-ten-lane divided highway in northern Manila, Philippines, connecting Bonifacio Drive in Port Area and Intramuros in the south with Radial Road 10 (R-10) in Navotas in the north. The highway is the main component of the R-10 network, which runs north of the Pasig River until Anda Circle, and is an extension of Bonifacio Drive, running north–south through the Manila North Port area serving the coastal districts of Tondo and Port Area, as well as San Nicolas and Intramuros. It is also a component of the Pan-Philippine Highway's (Asian Highway 26) auxiliary route through western Metro Manila and of National Route 120 (N120).

San Nicolas, Manila
San Nicolas is one of the sixteen districts in the city of Manila in the Philippines. It is located at the west central part of the city, on the northern bank of the Pasig River bounded by the districts of Binondo to the east by Estero de Binondo, and Tondo to the north and west, and by the Pasig River to the south. Considered as a heritage district of Manila, this community has kept its 19th-century ancestral houses, which symbolizes the wealthy lives of the people who used to live there, similar to the ancestral houses of Silay and Vigan.

As of the May 1, 2020, national census, the population of San Nicolas, which is composed of 15 barangays named as numbers from 268 to 276 and from 281 to 286, is 42,957. This is slightly lower than the 2010 census that counted San Nicolas residents at 44,241.
Mutthi Bhar Chawal
Mutthi Bhar Chawal (A Fistful of Rice) is a 1978 Pakistani classical Urdu film based on a short novel by Rajinder Singh Bedi, Ek Chaadar Maili Si. Directed by Sangeeta and composed by Kamal Ahmed, it features Sangeeta, Nadeem Baig, Kaveeta, Shehla Gill, Rahat Kazmi, and Ghulam Mohiuddin in lead roles. It is one of the greatest hits of Sangeeta and debut film of Syed Noor as a screenwriter.

The film is about a village life and struggle of a family to survive after father dies and a village woman becomes widowed as a result. It is one of the Pakistani films with the maximum number of awards won, including six Nigar Awards. BBC Urdu made it in the list of 10 Best selected Pakistani cinema films.

BBC Urdu
BBC Urdu (Urdu: بی بی سی اردو) is a digital television station covering the Indian subcontinent in the Urdu language. It was the Urdu language station of the BBC World Service, accompanied by its website, which served as a news portal and provided online access to radio broadcasts. The radio service was broadcast from Broadcasting House in London and Pakistan as well as from a BBC South and East Asia bureau in New Delhi, India. It also has a children's channel CBeebies. The target audience were Pakistani and Indian viewers.
Philip Pearson (tennis)
Philip Pearson (1878–1903) was a British tennis player with a short career at the turn of the 20th century.  At Wimbledon in 1898, Pearson lost to Harold Mahony in round three.  In 1899 Pearson beat Frederick Plaskitt and Major Ritchie before losing in the quarterfinals to  Arthur Gore. In 1901 he lost his opening match to Herbert Roper Barrett.  In 1899 Pearson won the Bournemouth tournament and he also won the Surrey Championships in 1901 and the Bengal Championships in 1902. Pearson died in India in 1903 aged just 25.

Frederick Plaskitt
Frederick Plaskitt (24 December 1867 - 10 November 1926) was a British tennis player who played around the turn of the 20th century. He reached the men's singles quarterfinals at Wimbledon in 1900 (he beat Oswald Milne and Robert Hough before losing to losing to Arthur Gore). This was the only year he won a match in a Wimbledon singles career that lasted from 1896 to 1905.  Plaskitt was author of the book Microscopic fresh water life.
Acrokeratoelastoidosis of Costa
Acrokeratoelastoidosis of Costa or Acrokeratoelastoidosis is a hereditary form of marginal keratoderma, and can be defined as a palmoplantar keratoderma. It is distinguished by tiny, firm pearly or warty papules on the sides of the hands and, occasionally, the feet.  It is less common than the hereditary type of marginal keratoderma, keratoelastoidosis marginalis.

Costa described acrokeratoelastoidosis in 1953, as a result, it is also known as Costa acrokeratoelastoidosis. Acrokeratoelastoidosis is a form of punctate palmoplantar keratoderma type 3 characterized by keratin and elastic tissue abnormalities.

There have been autosomal dominant and sporadic forms observed. Acrokeratoelastoidosis is not congenital; it develops gradually during puberty, or sometimes afterwards, and then stabilizes. In most cases, no treatment is required.

Keratin
Keratin (/ˈkɛrətɪn/) is one of a family of structural fibrous proteins also known as scleroproteins. It is the key structural material making up scales, hair, nails, feathers, horns, claws, hooves, and the outer layer of skin in tetrapod vertebrates. Keratin also protects epithelial cells from damage or stress. Keratin is extremely insoluble in water and organic solvents. Keratin monomers assemble into bundles to form intermediate filaments, which are tough and form strong unmineralized epidermal appendages found in reptiles, birds, amphibians, and mammals.  Excessive keratinization participate in fortification of certain tissues such as in horns of cattle and rhinos, and armadillos' osteoderm. The only other biological matter known to approximate the toughness of keratinized tissue is chitin.
Keratin comes in two types: the primitive, softer forms found in all vertebrates and the harder, derived forms found only among sauropsids (reptiles and birds).
IgroMir
IgroMir (Russian: ИгроМир, Gaming World) was the first large-scale annual exhibition of computer and video games in Russia, organized in Moscow by the committee of the Russian Game Developers Conference from 2006 to 2019.

The exhibition quickly grew to a four-day event (Thursday to Sunday), with the first day reserved for industry members, the press, and VIPs. It was held on the first weekend of November at VDNKh Exhibition Center for its first five years, then from 2011 moved to Crocus Expo and was held on the first weekend of October. From 2014 to 2018, Comic-Con Russia was held as part of IgroMir and attendance averaged 160,000 people, the capacity of the venue. The 2019 event had the highest attendance with over 183,000 people. It has not been held since then, initially due to the COVID-19 pandemic and later the bankruptcy of the organisers.

Exhibition of Achievements of National Economy
Exhibition of Achievements of National Economy (Russian: Выставка достижений народного хозяйства, Vystavka dostizheniy narodnogo khozyaystva, abbreviated as VDNKh or VDNH, Russian: ВДНХ, pronounced [vɛ dɛ ɛn xa] ⓘ) is a permanent general purpose trade show and amusement park in Moscow, Russia.  Between 1991 and 2014, it was also called the All-Russia Exhibition Centre (Russian: Всероссийский выставочный центр, romanized: Vserossiyskiy vystavochnyy tsentr). It is a state joint-stock company.
Transcendental function
In mathematics, a transcendental function is an analytic function that does not satisfy a polynomial equation whose coefficients are functions of the independent variable that can be written using only the basic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division (without the need of taking limits). This is in contrast to an algebraic function.

Examples of transcendental functions include the exponential function, the logarithm function, the hyperbolic functions, and the trigonometric functions. Equations over these expressions are called transcendental equations.

Rational function
In mathematics, a rational function is any function that can be defined by a rational fraction, which is an algebraic fraction such that both the numerator and the denominator are polynomials. The coefficients of the polynomials need not be rational numbers; they may be taken in any field K. In this case, one speaks of a rational function and a rational fraction over K. The values of the variables may be taken in any field L containing K. Then the domain of the function is the set of the values of the variables for which the denominator is not zero, and the codomain is L.

The set of rational functions over a field K is a field, the field of fractions of the ring of the polynomial functions over K.