hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc. v. Fung
Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc. v. Fung 710 F.3d 1020 No. 10-55946, was a United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit case in which seven film studios including Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc., Disney and Twentieth Century Fox sued Gary Fung, the owner of isoHunt Web Technologies, Inc., for contributory infringement of their copyrighted works. The panel affirmed in part and vacated in part the decision of United States District Court for the Central District of California that the services and websites offered by isoHunt Web Technologies allowed third parties to download infringing copies of Columbia's works.  Ultimately,  Fung had "red flag knowledge" of the infringing activity on his systems, and therefore IsoHunt was held ineligible for the Digital Millennium Copyright Act § 512(c) safe harbor.

MGM Studios, Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd.
MGM Studios, Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd., 545 U.S. 913 (2005), is a United States Supreme Court decision in which the Court ruled unanimously that the defendants, peer-to-peer file sharing companies Grokster and Streamcast (maker of Morpheus), could be held liable for inducing copyright infringement by users of their file sharing software. The plaintiffs were a consortium of 28 entertainment companies, led by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studios.
Kenshiro
Kenshiro (Japanese: ケンシロウ, Hepburn: Kenshirō) is a fictional character and the protagonist of the Fist of the North Star manga series created by Buronson and Tetsuo Hara. In the story, Kenshiro is the rightful successor to an ancient art of assassination called Hokuto Shinken, which allows him to defeat his adversaries through the hidden meridian points.

Kenshiro's appearance and characteristics were primarily based on martial artist and actor Bruce Lee and action film star Yūsaku Matsuda, while his outfit was loosely based on Mel Gibson's costume from Mad Max 2: The Road Warrior. Through the course of the original manga, Kenshiro fights against various ruffians who threaten the lives of the post-apocalyptic survivors, as well as numerous rival martial artists, including his three honorary brothers trained in the art of Hokuto Shinken.

Ansatsuken
Ansatsuken (暗殺拳, literally "assassination fist") is a Japanese neologism used frequently in fictional works to describe any martial art style or fighting technique that has been developed with the purpose of killing an opponent. The term satsujinken (殺人拳, literally "murderous fist") is used interchangeably as well and the homophonous term satsujinken (殺人剣, literally "murderous sword") is used when the martial art style or technique explicitly revolves around swordsmanship rather than barehanded combat.
Tim Dillon (athletic director)
Timothy J. Dillon was the former director of athletics at Canisius College. He was hired in 2000 to replace long time Canisius athletic director Daniel Starr. During his tenure at Canisius, he made the decision to eliminate the school's football program in 2002, as part of an effort to overhaul and streamline the school's athletic department. Dillon resigned his position at Canisius in February 2005.

Daniel Starr
Daniel P. Starr (September 9, 1934 – September 11, 2024) was an American college athletics administrator. Starr served as director of athletics at Canisius College from 1974 to 2000. Starr also served as a history professor at Canisius. During his 26-year career as athletic director at Canisius, Starr oversaw the creation of the Golden Griffins' women's athletic teams, as well as the building of the Demske Sports Complex on campus in 1989. In 1992, Starr hired John Beilein from NCAA Division II Le Moyne College to coach the Canisius Golden Griffins men's basketball team. Beilein led the Golden Griffins to a Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference championship in 1996, and an appearance in the 1996 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament, the first NCAA basketball tournament appearance for Canisius since 1957. Starr was elected to the Canisius College Sports Hall of Fame in 2000 and the Greater Buffalo Sports Hall of Fame in 2010. Starr died on September 11, 2024, at the age of 90.
Chęcin
Chęcin [ˈxɛnt͡ɕin] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Świnice Warckie, within Łęczyca County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) north of Świnice Warckie, 21 km (13 mi) west of Łęczyca, and 51 km (32 mi) north-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Świnice Warckie
Świnice Warckie [ɕfiˈnit͡sɛ ˈvart͡skʲɛ] is a village in Łęczyca County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Świnice Warckie. It lies approximately 20 km (12 mi) west of Łęczyca and 47 km (29 mi) northwest of the regional capital Łódź.

The village has an approximate population of 920. This is the place of the baptism and first communion of Faustina Kowalska, a great mystic and the secretary of Divine Mercy. The parish church is an official sanctuary since 2002. Saint Faustina (born Helena Kowalska) was living until the age of 16 in nearby village of Głogowiec.
Pingtung Distillery
The Pingtung Distillery (traditional Chinese: 屏東酒廠; simplified Chinese: 屏东酒厂; pinyin: Píngdōng Jiǔchǎng) is a distillery in Neipu Township, Pingtung County, Taiwan owned by Taiwan Tobacco and Liquor Corporation.

Taiwan Tobacco and Liquor Corporation
Taiwan Tobacco and Liquor Corporation (TTL; Chinese: 臺灣菸酒股份有限公司; pinyin: Táiwān Yān Jiǔ Gǔfèn Yǒuxiàn Gōngsī), is a state-owned manufacturer and distributor of cigarettes and alcohol, and also formerly (until 2002) a state-sanctioned alcohol beverage brewing and retailing monopoly, in Taiwan. Its most famous product is Taiwan Beer. Other products include wine, Japanese-style liqueurs, Chinese herb liqueurs, and various distilled spirits.

TTL was established as a government agency during Japanese colonial rule and was renamed the Taiwan Tobacco and Wine Monopoly Bureau (菸酒公賣局) in 1947. Between 1947 and 1968, the Bureau exercised a monopoly over all alcohol, tobacco, and camphor products sold in Taiwan. It retained tobacco and alcohol monopolies until Taiwan's entry into the WTO in 2002.

TTL sponsors a semi-professional basketball team, the Taiwan Beer of Super Basketball League.
Ruben Bemelmans
Ruben Bemelmans (Flemish pronunciation: [ˈrybə(m) ˈbeːməlmɑns]; born 14 January 1988) is a Belgian coach and a former professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP ranking of world No. 84 in singles, achieved on 28 September 2015, and world No. 128 in doubles, achieved on 1 October 2012. Bemelmans competed mainly on the ATP Challenger Tour.

Philipp Kohlschreiber
Philipp Eberhard Hermann Kohlschreiber (German pronunciation: [ˈfɪlɪp ˈkoːlʃʁaɪbɐ]; born 16 October 1983) is a German former professional tennis player. The right-hander won eight singles and seven doubles titles on the ATP World Tour and made the quarterfinals at the 2012 Wimbledon Championships. He reached his highest ATP singles ranking of world No. 16 in July 2012.
Juno Awards of 1976
The Juno Awards of 1976, representing Canadian music industry achievements of the previous year, were awarded on 15 March 1976 in Toronto at a ceremony hosted by John Allan Cameron at the Ryerson Polytechnical Institute auditorium. CBC Television provided a national broadcast of the ceremonies.

Randy Bachman presented a special "people's award" to Juno founder Walt Grealis on this occasion compared to the lack of mention of Grealis at last year's ceremonies.

Dan Hill performed "You Make Me Want To Be" at the ceremonies.

Hagood Hardy
Hugh Hagood Hardy, CM (February 26, 1937 – January 1, 1997) was a Canadian composer, pianist, and vibraphonist. He played mainly jazz and easy listening music. He is best known for the 1975 single, "The Homecoming" from his album of the same name, and for his soundtrack to the Anne of Green Gables and Anne of Avonlea films.
Aksaray
Aksaray (pronounced [ˈaksaɾaj]) is a city in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey. It is the seat of Aksaray Province and Aksaray District. Its population is 247,147 (2021). In 2021 the province had an estimated population of 429,069 distributed over about 7,659 km2 (2,957 mi2). The average elevation is 980 m (3,215 ft), with the highest point being Mt. Hasan (Turkish: Hasan Dağı) at 3,268 m (10,722 ft).

The city of Aksaray has a long history and was an important stopover point on the Silk Road that transited Anatolia for centuries. It is a mid-sized city with the Melendiz river running through it and several monuments dating back to the pre-Ottoman era as well as some impressive examples of government buildings from the early Turkish Republic that are gathered around the main square.

The nearest airport is Kapadokya Nevşehir Airport (NAV) which is 62.1 km away from the city.

Seljuk dynasty
The Seljuk dynasty, or Seljukids (/ˈsɛldʒʊk/ SEL-juuk; Turkish: Selçuklular, Persian: سلجوقیان Saljuqian,) alternatively spelled as Saljuqids or Seljuk Turks, was an Oghuz Turkic, Sunni Muslim dynasty that culturally became Persianate and contributed to Turco-Persian culture.

The founder of the Seljuk dynasty, Seljuk Beg, was a descendant of a royal Khazar chief Tuqaq who served as advisor to the King of the Khazars, in West Asia and Central Asia. The Seljuks established the Seljuk Empire (1037–1194), the Sultanate of Kermân (1041–1186) and the Sultanate of Rum (1074–1308), which stretched from Iran to Anatolia and were the prime targets of the First Crusade.
Dayuling
Dayuling (Chinese: 大禹嶺; pinyin: Dàyǔlǐng, el. 2565 m), formerly Hehuan Pass (Chinese: 合歡埡口; pinyin: Héhuān Yàkǒu), is a mountain pass in Taiwan transversing the Central Mountain Range between Hehuanshan and Mt. Bilu (畢祿山), within Taroko National Park. Administratively, it is located in Xiulin, Hualien County, near the border with Nantou County.

Hehuanshan
Mount Hehuan (Chinese: 合歡山; pinyin: Héhuān Shān; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ha̍p-hoan-soaⁿ; also called Joy Mountain) is a 3,416-metre-high (11,207 ft) mountain in Central Taiwan. The peak lies on the border of Nantou and Hualien counties and is located within the far west of Taroko National Park. Hehuanshan is a popular destination in central Taiwan as the trail to the summit is wide, paved, and gradual, and only takes around 1.5 hours round-trip yet offers 360 degree views above the surroundings. The 3,421-metre east peak and 3,422-metre north peak of Hehuanshan are both higher than the main peak.

Mount Hehuan is part of the Central Mountain Range.
2001 Milan Indoor
The 2001 Milan Indoor was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the PalaLido in Milan, Italy and was part of the International Series of the 2001 ATP Tour. It was the 24th edition of the tournament and ran from 29 January through 4 February 2001.

The singles field was headlined by World No. 1, US Open, Canada and Paris Masters champion Marat Safin, ATP No. 7, Sydney Olympics gold medalist, Moscow and two-time Milan champion Yevgeny Kafelnikov and Auckland champion Dominik Hrbatý. Other seeded players were Dubai and Hong Kong champion Nicolas Kiefer, St. Pölten champion Andrei Pavel, Sjeng Schalken, Roger Federer and Marc Rosset.

This tournament in 2001 was significant as it was the first title of Roger Federer's career.

2001 Heineken Open
The 2001 Heineken Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the ASB Tennis Centre in Auckland in New Zealand and was part of the International Series of the 2001 ATP Tour. The tournament ran from 8 January through 15 January 2001. Second-seeded Dominik Hrbatý won the singles title.
Hugh Davis Merrill
Hugh Davis Merrill (December 20, 1877 – January 5, 1954) was an American politician who served as the 12th lieutenant governor of Alabama from 1931 to 1935.

John Merrill, who serves as Secretary of State of Alabama, is a relative.

Lieutenant Governor of Alabama
The lieutenant governor of Alabama is the president of the Alabama Senate, elected to serve a four-year term. The office was created in 1868, abolished in 1875, and recreated in 1901. According to the current constitution, should the governor be out of the state for more than 20 days, the lieutenant governor becomes acting governor, and if the governor dies, resigns or is removed from office (via impeachment), the lieutenant governor ascends to the governorship. Earlier constitutions said the powers of the governor devolved upon the successor, rather than them necessarily becoming governor, but the official listing includes these as full governors. The governor and lieutenant governor are not elected on the same ticket.
Pablo García (footballer, born 1977)
Pablo Gabriel García Pérez (Latin American Spanish: [ˈpaβlo ɣaˈβɾjel ɣaɾˈsi.a ˈpeɾes]; born 11 May 1977) is a Uruguayan professional football manager and former player who played as a defensive midfielder. He is the manager of Cypriot First Division club APOEL.

A player of physical approach to the game (which earned him a reputation for being a dirty player), his nickname is Canario (canary), referring to his birthplace. He spent most of his professional career in La Liga, making 135 appearances in six years in representation of four teams, but also played several seasons in Greece with PAOK.

A Uruguayan international over one decade, García appeared for the nation at the 2002 World Cup and two Copa América tournaments.

2020–21 Greek Football Cup
The 2020–21 Greek Football Cup was the 79th edition of the Greek Football Cup. It took place with the participation of the 14 clubs from the Super League 1, as there was no competitive action in the lower divisions (Super League 2, Football League and Gamma Ethniki) until early January due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Hellenic Football Federation decided that the Cup would be held with the participation of teams only from the Super League, which was running normally. The winner of the Cup qualified for the next season's Europa Conference League third qualifying round.
Canadian International Air Show
The Canadian International Air Show (CIAS) is an annual air show in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The show is an aeronautical display of military, government and civilian aircraft, primarily from Canada and the United States. The show takes place along Toronto's waterfront for three days during the Canadian Labour Day weekend. The show began in 1946 and has been held at Exhibition Place since 1949.

Air show
An air show (or airshow, air fair, air tattoo) is a public event where aircraft are exhibited. They often include aerobatics demonstrations, without which they are called "static air shows" with aircraft parked on the ground.

The largest air show measured by number of exhibitors and size of exhibit space is Le Bourget, followed by Farnborough, with the Dubai Airshow and Singapore Airshow both claiming third place. The largest air show or fly-in by number of participating aircraft is EAA AirVenture Oshkosh, with approximately 10,000 aircraft participating annually. The biggest military airshow in the world is the Royal International Air Tattoo, at RAF Fairford in the United Kingdom. On the other hand, FIDAE in II Air Brigade of the FACH, next to the Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport in Santiago, Chile, is the largest aerospace fair in Latin America and the Southern Hemisphere.
2008 BDO World Darts Championship
The 2008 BDO World Darts Championship (known for sponsorship reasons as the 2008 Lakeside World Professional Darts Championship) was the 31st World Championship staged by the British Darts Organisation and was held between 5–13 January 2008 at the Lakeside Country Club, Frimley Green, Surrey.

Martin Adams attempted to defend the title that he won at the 14th attempt in 2007 but he lost in the Semi-Finals to Mark Webster. Webster won the World Championship, beating Simon Whitlock 7–5 in the final.

Anastasia Dobromyslova won the Women's World Championship, becoming the first player to beat Trina Gulliver in the World Championship. Gulliver had won all of the previous seven titles.

Frimley Green
Frimley Green is a large village and ward of 580 acres (2.3 km2) in the borough of Surrey Heath, in Surrey, England. It lies 1 mi (1.6 km) south of the town of Frimley and 30 mi (48 km) south-west of central London. Lakeside Country Club was the national venue for the BDO international darts competition. It was played annually in the village between 1986 and 2019.
Quaid e Azam International Cycling Velodrome
31°30′43″N 74°19′48″E﻿ / ﻿31.511966°N 74.330002°E﻿ / 31.511966; 74.330002

The Quaid e Azam International Cycling Velodrome is a velodrome in Lahore, Pakistan; it is the only velodrome in Pakistan and was constructed in 1954, though plans exist to build a velodrome in Peshawar. However, its condition had deteriorated to the point that by 2011, Pakistan's Senate Standing Committee on Sports had become concerned about its continuing suitability.

Velodrome
A velodrome is an arena for track cycling. Modern velodromes feature steeply banked oval tracks, consisting of two 180-degree circular bends connected by two straights. The straights transition to the circular turn through a moderate easement curve.
Rumi Urqu
Rumi Urqu (Quechua rumi stone, urqu mountain, "stone mountain", Hispanicized spelling Rumi Orjo) is a mountain in the Wansu mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about 5,000 metres (16,404 ft) high. It is situated in the Arequipa Region, La Unión Province, Puyca District. Rumi Urqu lies at the bank of the Qumpi P'allqa River (Compepalca). Yuraq Rumi is to the northeast, beyond the river.

Huanzo mountain range
The Huanzo mountain range (possibly from in the Quechua spelling Wansu) lies in the Andes of Peru. It extends between 14°30 and 15°01'S and 72°10 and 73°15W for about 57 km. It is situated in the Apurímac Region, Antabamba Province, in the Arequipa Region, Castilla Province, La Unión Province, in the Ayacucho Region, Parinacochas Province, and in the Chumbivilcas Province of the Cusco Region.
John Glaser Arena
John E. Glaser Arena is a 3,000-seat multi-purpose venue in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The arena is situated inside TruMark Financial Center on the campus of La Salle University. It is home to the La Salle Explorers men's and women's basketball teams.

Opened in 1998, the arena was originally known as Tom Gola Arena. After undergoing renovations in 2024, the arena reopened as John Glaser Arena, named after John E. Glaser, a key donor for the renovation project. The arena was originally named after former Explorers captain and head coach Tom Gola, a member of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.

La Salle Explorers women's basketball
The La Salle Explorers women's basketball team is the women's college basketball program representing La Salle University, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The Explorers play in the Atlantic 10 Conference. La Salle has appeared four times in the NCAA tournament, most recently in 1989.
Zero-hour contract
A zero-hour contract is a type of employment contract in United Kingdom labour law, between an employer and an employee whereby the employer is not obliged to provide any minimum number of working hours to the employee.

In 2015, employers in the UK were prohibited from offering zero-hour contracts that prevented employees from also working for a different employer at the same time. In September 2017, the UK Office for National Statistics estimated that there were over 900,000 workers on zero-hour contracts, 2.9% of the employed workforce.

In the UK, zero-hour contracts are controversial. Trade unions, other worker bodies and newspapers have described them as an exploitation of labour. Employers using zero-hour contracts include Sports Direct, McDonald's and Boots.

Contingent work
Contingent work, casual work, gig work or contract work, is an employment relationship with limited job security, payment on a piece work basis, typically part-time (typically with variable hours) that is considered non-permanent.

According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the nontraditional workforce includes "multiple job holders, contingent and part-time workers, and people in alternative work arrangements". These workers currently represent a substantial portion of the US workforce, and "nearly four out of five employers, in establishments of all sizes and industries, use some form of nontraditional staffing". "People in alternative work arrangements" includes independent contractors, employees of contract companies, workers who are on call, and temporary workers.
Piz Denter
Piz Denter is a mountain of the Lepontine Alps, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Graubünden and Ticino. On its northern side (Graubünden), it overlooks the valleys of Lake Curnera and Lake Nalps, both drained by tributaries of the Rhine.

Lai da Nalps
Lai da Nalps is a reservoir in the municipality of Tujetsch, Grisons, Switzerland. It has a capacity of 45 million m³ and a surface area of 0.91 km². The reservoir is connected to Lai da Sontga Maria and Lai da Curnera in neighboring valleys.
J Centauri
J Centauri (J Cen) is a star in the constellation Centaurus.  Its mean apparent magnitude is 4.5, making it easily visible to the naked eye.  It is approximately 350 light years from Earth.

J Centauri is a spectral class B3V main sequence star with  a luminosity 265 times that of the Sun. The temperature of the star's photosphere is nearly 25,000 K. The rotation velocity at the equator is at least 223 km/s. It is believed to be a binary star system.

This star may be a member of the Scorpio-Centaurus OB association (Sco OB2). This is one of the nearest regions of recent star formation.

Centaurus
Centaurus (/sɛnˈtɔːrəs, -ˈtɑːr-/ sen-TOR-əss, -⁠TAR-) is a bright constellation in the southern sky. One of the largest constellations, Centaurus was included among the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations. In Greek mythology, Centaurus represents a centaur; a creature that is half human, half horse (another constellation named after a centaur is one from the zodiac: Sagittarius). Notable stars include Alpha Centauri, the nearest star system to the Solar System, its neighbour in the sky Beta Centauri, and HR 5171, one of the largest stars yet discovered. The constellation also contains Omega Centauri, the brightest globular cluster as visible from Earth and the largest identified in the Milky Way, possibly a remnant of a dwarf galaxy.
Sabarmati high-speed railway station
Sabarmati high-speed railway station is an under construction high-speed railway station on the Mumbai–Ahmedabad high-speed rail corridor. This station is located near Sabarmati Junction railway station in Ram Nagar, Sabarmati, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. It is the twelfth and the last station, as well as the northern terminus of the Mumbai–Ahmedabad high-speed rail corridor.

New Delhi–Mumbai main line
The New Delhi–Mumbai line is a major railway line in India. Linking the national capital of New Delhi with financial capital Mumbai, this railway line covers a distance of 1,386 kilometres (861 mi) across the Indian states of Delhi, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat and Maharashtra. Mumbai Tejas-Rajdhani Express which is the fastest Tejas-Rajdhani Express and the fastest train on this route,  travels on this line and covers the distance between Delhi and Mumbai in 15 hours and 32 minutes at a top speed of 130 km/h which will be increased to 160km/h soon and a top average speed of 89 km/h.