hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chester Township, Pennsylvania
Chester Township is a township in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 4,080 at the 2020 census, up from 3,940 at the 2010 census.

The Sun Center Studios are located in Chester Township.

Township (Pennsylvania)
A township, under the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is the lowest level of municipal incorporation of government. All of Pennsylvania's communities outside of incorporated cities, boroughs, and one town have been incorporated into individual townships that serve as the legal entities providing local self-government functions.

In general, townships in Pennsylvania encompass larger land areas than other municipalities, and tend to be located in suburban, exurban, or rural parts of the commonwealth. As with other incorporated municipalities in Pennsylvania, townships exist within counties and are subordinate to or dependent upon the county level of government.
Nassau (crater)
Nassau is a lunar impact crater on the Moon's far side. It abuts against the northeastern rim of the figure-8-shaped crater Van de Graaff. To the southeast of Nassau lies the crater Leeuwenhoek, and to the east is Orlov.

Nassau has a somewhat eroded crater rim, with small craters lying across the edge along the eastern, northwestern and southwestern sides. Along the southwestern inner wall, where the crater joins Van de Graaff, a ridge of material extends northward part way into the interior floor. The bottom of the crater is nearly level, but is marked by several small craterlets. The most notable of these interior craters lies near the midpoint.

Orlov (crater)
Orlov is a lunar impact crater. It is located on the Moon's far side, to the northeast of the larger crater Leeuwenhoek. To the north-northwest of Orlov is De Vries, and to the east-southeast is Rumford.

This crater lies between two larger satellite craters. Orlov Y is attached to the northern rim, and Leeuwenhoek E is connected along the southwest. The latter is also the location of an outward bulge in the rim of Orlov, giving it a wider interior wall along that side. There is some terracing along the eastern inner wall of Orlov. Orlov D, an oval-shaped crater, is attached to the outer rim along the northeast.

The interior floor of Orlov is relatively level with a central ridge formation located near the midpoint. There are some small craters along the extended inner wall to the southwest.
Laurel Hausler
Laurel Hausler is a contemporary oil painter and sculptor. Her work has been widely critiqued and her style compared to those of Joseph Cornell, Frida Kahlo, Edward Gorey and Francis Bacon. Her paintings reflect a woman's experience in a darkly humorous and chaotic world.

Joseph Cornell
Joseph Cornell (December 24, 1903 – December 29, 1972) was an American visual artist and filmmaker, one of the pioneers and most celebrated exponents of assemblage. Influenced by the Surrealists, he was also an avant-garde experimental filmmaker. He was largely self-taught in his artistic efforts, and improvised his own original style incorporating cast-off and discarded artifacts. He lived most of his life in relative physical isolation, caring for his mother and his disabled brother at home, but remained aware of and in contact with other contemporary artists.
Leen Valley
The Leen Valley is the wide valley formed by the River Leen within the county of Nottinghamshire.

The Leen Valley was once an important centre for hosiery and coal mining industries. Today, although light manufacturing continues, the valley is increasingly becoming part of the commuter belt for Nottingham. Settlements within the valley include Annesley, Bestwood Village, Newstead, Papplewick, Linby, Hucknall, Bulwell, Sherwood, Basford, Lenton and Nottingham. Leen Valley is also the name of one of the Council wards, which lies within Nottingham, and a housing estate in the north of Nottingham, which is located in a valley created by the Leen within the larger Leen Valley area. The population of the ward at the 2011 census was 10,702.

Sherwood, Nottingham
Sherwood (/ˈʃɜːrwʊd/ SHUR-wuud) is a large district and ward of the city of Nottingham, England, 1.5 miles (2.4 km) north of the city centre. The population at the 2011 census was 15,414. It is bordered by Woodthorpe to the northeast, Mapperley to the east, Carrington to the south,  New Basford and Basford to the west, and Daybrook and Bestwood to the north.

It should be carefully distinguished from Sherwood Forest, the Sherwood parliamentary constituency, and Newark and Sherwood district council, all of which lie several miles further north outside the city boundaries.
Leonard Lawlor
Leonard "Len" Lawlor (/ˈlɔːlər/; born November 2, 1954) is an American philosopher who is Edwin Erle Sparks Professor of Philosophy at Pennsylvania State University. He specializes in nineteenth- and twentieth-century Continental philosophy.

Jean Hyppolite
Jean Hyppolite (French: [ʒɑ̃ ipɔlit]; 8 January 1907 – 26 October 1968) was a French philosopher known for championing the work of G. W. F. Hegel, and other German philosophers, and educating some of France's most prominent post-war thinkers. His major works include Genèse et structure de la Phénoménologie de l'esprit de Hegel (1946) and Études sur Marx et Hegel (1955) and the first translation of Hegel's The Phenomenology of Spirit into French in 1939.
Kill or Be Killed (1950 film)
Kill or Be Killed is a 1950 American crime film directed by Max Nosseck. It was written by Arnold Lippschitz, Max Nosseck and Lawrence L. Goldman and stars Lawrence Tierney, George Coulouris and Marissa O'Brien. It was released in April by Eagle-Lion Films. The sets were designed by art director Erwin Scharf.

Eagle-Lion Films
Eagle-Lion Films was the name of two distinct, though related, companies. In 1944, UK film magnate J. Arthur Rank created an American distribution company with the name to handle his British films. The following year, under a reciprocal distribution arrangement with Rank, the U.S. company Pathé Industries, which already owned the small Producers Releasing Corporation (PRC) studio, established an Eagle-Lion Films production subsidiary, while Rank's American business dropped the name. PRC, with its existing distribution exchanges, handled releases in the U.S. When PRC shut down in 1948, its distribution exchanges were assumed by Eagle-Lion Films. In 1950, Pathé merged Eagle-Lion with an independent reissues distributor, Film Classics, to create Eagle-Lion Classics. The latter was acquired by and merged into United Artists a year later. Rank also released films in the United Kingdom through Eagle-Lion Distributors Limited.
Rádio Disney Brasil
Radio Disney Brasil is a radio network that is mostly owned by Rádio Holding, but The Walt Disney Company also has a 30% share. São Paulo is the only city in Brazil that has this format being carried on a radio station. The station broadcasts on 91.3 MHz and online. All programming is produced and broadcast live from World Trade Center de São Paulo (in short WTCSP), whilst the transmitter is located at the top of São Luís Gonzaga building in Espigão da Paulista.

The music programming is aimed primarily at youth and adolescents, similar to the American version, and it's the ninth one of its kind in Latin America. It is currently São Paulo's fifth most popular youth-oriented radio station (behind Jovem Pan FM, 89 FM a Rádio Rock, Metropolitana FM and Kiss FM, but ahead of Mix FM, Transamérica, Energia 97 and Dumont FM).

Metropolitana FM
Metropolitana FM is a Brazilian radio network headquartered in São Paulo, featuring programming focused on pop music, sertanejo music, and funk. Its main station in the São Paulo metropolitan area broadcasts at 98.5 MHz. The network has branches in Aracaju, Belém, Goiânia, Maceió, Salvador, Foz do Iguaçu, Ribeirão Preto, Tucuruí, and Araguatins.
History of slavery in Michigan
The history of slavery in Michigan includes the pro-slavery and anti-slavery efforts of the state's residents prior to the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1865.

Augustus B. Woodward
Augustus Brevoort Woodward (born Elias Brevoort Woodward; November 1774 – June 12, 1827) was the first Chief Justice of the Michigan Territory. In that position, he played a prominent role in the reconstruction of Detroit following a devastating fire in 1805. He promoted an urban design based on radial avenues, as in Washington, DC and Paris.
Light rail in New Jersey
Light rail in New Jersey is provided by NJ Transit, a state-owned corporation which also provides bus and commuter rail services. In 2024, the light rail system had a ridership of 22,215,800. Light rail, among other forms of transit, is a major part of the state's Smart Growth policy.

NJ Transit
New Jersey Transit Corporation, branded as NJ Transit or NJTransit and often shortened to NJT, is a state-owned public transportation system that serves the U.S. state of New Jersey and portions of the states of New York and Pennsylvania. It operates buses, light rail, and commuter rail services throughout the state, connecting to major commercial and employment centers both within the state and in its two adjacent major cities, New York City and Philadelphia. In 2024, the system had a ridership of 225,620,400.

Covering a service area of 5,325 square miles (13,790 km2), NJT is the largest statewide public transit system and the third-largest provider of bus, rail, and light rail transit by ridership in the United States.

NJT also acts as a purchasing agency for many private operators in the state; in particular, buses to serve routes not served by the transit agency.
The Alster Case
The Alster Case is a lost 1915 American silent drama film directed by J. Charles Haydon and starring Bryant Washburn and Ruth Stonehouse. It was based on a novel, The Alster Case, by Rufus Gillmore. It was produced by the Essanay Company.

Essanay Studios
Essanay Studios, officially the Essanay Film Manufacturing Company, was an early American motion picture studio. The studio was founded in 1907 in Chicago by George Kirke Spoor and Gilbert M. Anderson, originally as the Peerless Film Manufacturing Company, then as Essanay (formed by the founders' initials: S and A) on August 10, 1907. Essanay is probably best known today for its series of Charlie Chaplin comedies produced in 1915–1916. In late 1916, it merged distribution with other studios and stopped issuing films in the fall of 1918. According to film historian Steve Massa, Essanay is one of the important early studios, with comedies as a particular strength. Founders Spoor and Anderson were subsequently awarded special Academy Awards for pioneering contributions to film.
Tso Kar
The Tso Kar or Tsho kar is a fluctuating salt lake known for its size and depth situated in the Rupshu Plateau and valley in Leh district in the southern part in Union Territory of Ladakh in India.It is located 102 km from Leh City, the capital of Ladakh. It is also recognised as India's 42nd Ramsar site.

Changtang
The Changtang (alternatively spelled Changthang or Qangtang) is a part of the high altitude Tibetan Plateau in western and northern Tibet extending into the southern edges of Xinjiang as well as southeastern Ladakh, India, with vast highlands and giant lakes. From eastern Ladakh, the Changtang stretches approximately 1,600 kilometres (990 mi) east into Tibet as far as modern Qinghai. The Changtang is home to the Changpa, a nomadic Tibetan people. The two largest settlements within the Tibetan Changtang are Rutog Town, which is the seat of Rutog County, and Domar Township, the seat of Shuanghu County.
Destroyer Squadron 60
Destroyer Squadron 60 (stylized DESRON 60, Destroyer Squadron SIX ZERO, and CDS 60) is a destroyer squadron of the United States Navy. Destroyer Squadron 60 is one of three U.S. Navy destroyer squadrons permanently based outside the continental United States.

Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense System
The Aegis ballistic missile defense system (Aegis BMD or ABMD), also known as Sea-Based Midcourse, is a Missile Defense Agency program under the United States Department of Defense developed to provide missile defense against short and intermediate-range ballistic missiles. The program is part of the United States national missile defense strategy and European NATO missile defense system.

Aegis BMD is an expansion of the Aegis Combat System deployed on warships, designed to intercept ballistic missiles in mid-course phase (i.e., after the rocket burn has completed but prior to reentry into the atmosphere). Aegis BMD-equipped vessels can engage potential threats using the Standard Missile 3 mid-course interceptors and the Standard Missile 2 and Standard Missile 6 terminal-phase interceptors.
2022–23 UNC Asheville Bulldogs men's basketball team
The 2022–23 UNC Asheville Bulldogs men's basketball team represented the University of North Carolina at Asheville in the 2022–23 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Bulldogs, who were led by fifth-year head coach Mike Morrell, played their home games at Kimmel Arena in Asheville, North Carolina, as members of the Big South Conference. They finished the season 27-7, 16–2 in Big South play to finish in first place, and defeated Charleston Southern, USC Upstate, and Campbell to claim the Big South tournament title. As tournament champions, they received the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament, where they were eliminated in the first round by UCLA.

2022–23 Campbell Fighting Camels men's basketball team
The 2022–23 Campbell Fighting Camels men's basketball team represented Campbell University in the 2022–23 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Fighting Camels, led by 10th-year head coach Kevin McGeehan, played their home games at Gore Arena in Buies Creek, North Carolina as members of the Big South Conference.
2018–19 Northwestern State Lady Demons basketball team
The 2018–19 Northwestern State Lady Demons basketball team represented Northwestern State University during the 2018–19 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Demons, led by third year head coach Jordan Dupuy, played their home games at Prather Coliseum and were members of the Southland Conference. They finished the season 11–18, 6–12 in Southland play to finish in eighth place. Due to a tie breaker loss to New Orleans, they failed to qualify for the Southland women's tournament.

2018–19 New Orleans Privateers women's basketball team
The 2018–19 New Orleans Privateers women's basketball team represented the University of New Orleans during the 2018–19 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Privateers were led by eighth year head coach Keeshawn Davenport and played their home games at the Lakefront Arena. They are members of the Southland Conference.
Xanthoma
A xanthoma (pl. xanthomas or xanthomata) (condition: xanthomatosis) is a deposition of yellowish cholesterol-rich material that can appear anywhere in the body in various disease states. They are cutaneous manifestations of lipidosis in which lipids accumulate in large foam cells within the skin. They are associated with hyperlipidemias, both primary and secondary types.

Tendon xanthomas are associated with type II hyperlipidemia, chronic biliary tract obstruction, primary biliary cirrhosis, sitosterolemia and the rare metabolic disease cerebrotendineous xanthomatosis. Palmar xanthomata and tuberoeruptive xanthomata (over knees and elbows) occur in type III hyperlipidemia.

Biliary tract
The biliary tract (also biliary tree or biliary system) refers to the liver, gallbladder and bile ducts, and how they work together to make, store and secrete bile. Bile consists of water, electrolytes, bile acids, cholesterol, phospholipids and conjugated bilirubin. Some components are synthesized by hepatocytes (liver cells); the rest are extracted from the blood by the liver.

Bile is secreted by the liver into small ducts that join to form the common hepatic duct. Between meals, secreted bile is stored in the gallbladder. During a meal, the bile is secreted into the duodenum (part of the small intestine) to rid the body of waste stored in the bile as well as aid in the absorption of dietary fats and oils.
Bezirksamtmann
Bezirksamtmann (plural Bezirksamtleute) is a German administrative title of gubernatorial or lower rank, roughly translating as equivalent to the British District Officer. It is derived from Bezirk ("district") + Amtmann ("official").

Station chief
A station chief is a government official who is the head of a team, post, or function usually in a foreign country. Historically, it commonly referred to the head of a defensible structure such as an ambassador's residence or colonial outpost.  In Germany, a Stationsleiter (station leader) was the government's chief representative in a colonial possession like  South Sea Islands. It may also be used to refer to the manager of remote scientific stations such as those in the Antarctic and  Jarvis Island, an uninhabited minor U.S. Pacific island.

However, in modern times, this designation is usually used for a senior official of a certain country's intelligence agency, stationed in a foreign country, who manages all espionage operations in that country. The Russian title for this post is Rezident.
Michael Pineda
Michael Francisco Pineda Paulino (born January 18, 1989) is a Dominican former professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Seattle Mariners, New York Yankees, Minnesota Twins, and Detroit Tigers.

Pineda signed as an international free agent with the Mariners in 2005, and made his MLB debut for the Mariners in 2011. In his rookie season he was named an All-Star and finished fifth in balloting for American League Rookie of the Year. After his rookie season, he was traded to the Yankees. He missed the 2012 and 2013 seasons due to a series of shoulder injuries. Pineda's 2017 season ended when he underwent Tommy John surgery, which kept him out for the entire 2018 season. He returned to MLB with the Twins in 2019 and signed with Detroit for the 2022 season.

Free agency (Major League Baseball)
Free agency in Major League Baseball (MLB) concerns professional athletes whose contracts with a team have expired and who are therefore eligible to sign with another team. Specifics are governed by a collective bargaining agreement (CBA) between MLB and its players' labor union, the Major League Baseball Players Association (MLBPA). Before the mid-1970s, professional baseball players could effectively be bound, in perpetuity, to the team holding their contract via a "reserve clause", thus preventing them from becoming free agents.
Crotaphytus dickersonae
Crotaphytus dickersonae, also known commonly as Dickerson's collared lizard, the Mexican collared lizard, the Sonoran collared lizard, and el cachurón de azul de collar in Spanish, is a species of lizard in the family Crotaphytidae. The species is endemic to Mexico.

Crotaphytidae
The Crotaphytidae, or collared lizards, are a family of desert-dwelling reptiles native to the Southwestern United States and northern Mexico. Alternatively they are recognized as a subfamily, Crotaphytinae, within the clade Pleurodonta. They are very fast-moving animals, with long limbs and tails; some species are capable of achieving bipedal running at top speed. This species is carnivorous, feeding mainly on insects and smaller lizards. The two genera contain 12 species.

They may be related to the extinct Arretosauridae of Paleogene Asia due to similar jaw morphologies, though other studies classify the Arretosauridae in Acrodonta with other Old World iguanians.
Omaopio
Omaopio is a farming area on the slopes of the volcano Haleakala (or Hale Akala) on the island of Maui.  The western side of Haleakala is commonly known as Kula, and ridges of land run up the slopes of the volcano. Omaopio refers to the ridge of land containing the road named Omaopio Road. It is north of the ridge of land commonly known as Pulehu.

Omaopio was originally settled by several Japanese families.  It has been and still is a farming community with very rich soil. Traditional crops include the Kula onion (Granex), broccoli,  beans, and cabbage.  Recently, coffee (arabica) has been introduced. Traditional animals include goats, hogs and cattle.  More recently the area has seen a large influx of horses, and commercial stables. Sugar cane fields bracketed the lower end of the road, but crop plantings were discontinued in 2016.

Haleakalā
Haleakalā (/ˌhɑːliˌɑːkəˈlɑː/; Hawaiian: Hawaiian pronunciation: [ˈhɐlɛˈjɐkəˈlaː]), or the East Maui Volcano, is a massive, active shield volcano that forms more than 75% of the Hawaiian Island of Maui. The western 25% of the island is formed by another volcano, Mauna Kahalawai, also referred to as the West Maui Mountains.

The tallest peak of Haleakalā ("house of the sun"), at 10,023 feet (3,055 m), is Puʻu ʻUlaʻula (Red Hill). From the summit one looks down into a massive depression some 11.25 mi (18.11 km) across, 3.2 mi (5.1 km) wide, and nearly 800 m (2,600 ft) deep. The surrounding walls are steep and the interior mostly barren-looking with a scattering of volcanic cones.
Palmer Point
Palmer Point (69°43′S 74°2′E﻿ / ﻿69.717°S 74.033°E﻿ / -69.717; 74.033) is a rock point on the coast of Antarctica, about 2 nautical miles (3.7 km) west of Strover Peak and 8 nautical miles (15 km) west-northwest of Mount Caroline Mikkelsen. Photographed by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump, 1946–47. Visited by I.R. McLeod, geologist with the ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions) Prince Charles Mountains survey party, 1969. Named by Antarctic Names Committee of Australia (ANCA) for J. Palmer, helicopter pilot with ANARE (Nella Dan) in 1968.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Palmer Point". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Mount Caroline Mikkelsen
Mount Caroline Mikkelsen is a small coastal mountain discovered on February 20, 1935. Its height is 235 metres (770 ft) and it is between Hargreaves Glacier and Polar Times Glacier on Ingrid Christensen Coast. The mountain overlooks the southern extremity of Prydz Bay, 4 nautical miles (7 km) north-northwest of Svarthausen Nunatak, and is the highest summit in the vicinity. It was discovered by Captain Klarius Mikkelsen in the Thorshavn, a Norwegian whaling ship sent out by Lars Christensen. It is named for Captain Mikkelsen's wife Caroline Mikkelsen, who accompanied her husband on this voyage and became the first woman to set foot on Antarctica.
Aliso (volcano)
0°32′S 78°00′W﻿ / ﻿0.53°S 78°W﻿ / -0.53; -78

Aliso, also known as Pan de Azúcar, is a 3,482-metre-high (11,424 ft) volcano in the Ecuadorian Andes to the east of Antisana volcano. The complex contains a semicircular western ridge and lava domes. The volcano has erupted rhyolites and dacites and some andesitic lava flows on a ridge above Baeza. It is covered with tundra and cloud forests. At least two eruptions of Pumayacu occurred during the Holocene; one dated 4400 years ago and another's lapilli deposits overlie a cultural horizon 2000 years old. Older eruptions have been dated at 1.15 ± 0.07 Ma and are of high-potassium types. They compromise typical arc-derived lavas with fractional crystallization and other differentiation processes.

Antisana
Antisana is a stratovolcano of the northern Andes, in Ecuador. It is the fourth highest volcano in Ecuador, at 5,753 metres (18,875 ft), and is located 50 kilometres (31 mi) SE of the capital city of Quito.

Antisana presents one of the most challenging technical climbs in the Ecuadorian Andes. Next to the Pichincha, Cotopaxi, Tungurahua and Chimborazo, the Antisana belongs to the five volcanic mountains that the Prussian-born explorer Alexander von Humboldt tried to climb in 1802 during his American journey. In 1965, the American climber Edwin Bernbaum alongside two Ecuadorean climbers, Rómulo Pazmino and Leonardo Droira, made the first ascent of South Antisana.