hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Penal Code of Bangladesh
The Penal Code of Bangladesh, formally titled the Penal Code, 1860, is the general criminal law of the country. It is based on the Indian Penal Code, which was enacted in 1860 by the Governor General-in-Council. The Code bears strong similarities to the penal laws of countries that were formerly part of the British Empire in South and Southeast Asia, including Singapore, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Malaysia.

The Parliament of Bangladesh has amended the Penal Code on several occasions, the most recent amendment occurring in 2004.

The Code is a legacy of the Victorian era. While its objective is to provide a general penal framework for Bangladesh, the Parliament has also enacted various penal statutes to address specific areas of criminal law.

Pakistan Penal Code
The Pakistan Penal Code (Urdu: مجموعہ تعزیرات پاکستان; Majmū'ah-yi ta'zīrāt-i Pākistān), abbreviated as PPC, is a penal code for all offences charged in Pakistan. After the creation of Pakistan in 1947, the country inherited the Indian Penal Code (IPC), originally prepared by Lord Macaulay in 1860 on behalf of the government of British India. Subsequently after several amendments by different governments, in Pakistan it is now a mixture of Islamic and English law. Presently, the Pakistan Penal Code is still in effect and can be amended by the Parliament of Pakistan.
British and Dominions Imperial Studios
Imperial Studios were the studios of the British and Dominions Film Corporation, a short-lived British film production company located at Imperial Place, Elstree Way, Borehamwood, Hertfordshire. The studios (one of several facilities historically referred to as Elstree Studios) were active from 1929 to 1936, when they were destroyed by fire.

The company relocated to Pinewood Studios but ceased production in 1938.

Associated British Picture Corporation
Associated British Picture Corporation (ABPC), originally British International Pictures (BIP), was a British film production, distribution and exhibition company active from 1927 until 1970 when it was absorbed into EMI. ABPC also owned approximately 500 cinemas in Britain by 1943, and in the 1950s and 60s owned a station on the ITV television network. The studio was partly owned by Warner Bros. from about 1940 until 1969; the American company also owned a stake in ABPC's distribution arm, Warner-Pathé, from 1958. It formed one half of a vertically integrated film industry duopoly in Britain with the Rank Organisation.
Aircraft maintenance
Aircraft maintenance is the performance of tasks required to ensure the continuing airworthiness of an aircraft or aircraft part, including overhaul, inspection, replacement, defect rectification, and the embodiment of modifications, compliance with airworthiness directives and repair.

European Union Aviation Safety Agency
The European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) is an agency of the European Commission with responsibility for civil aviation safety in the European Union. It carries out certification, regulation and standardisation and also performs investigation and monitoring.: §4.3  It collects and analyses safety data, drafts and advises on safety legislation and co-ordinates with similar organisations in other parts of the world.: §4.3

The idea of a European-level aviation safety authority goes back to 1996, but the agency was legally established only in 2002; it began its work in 2003.: §4.3
Big Heavy Stuff
Big Heavy Stuff were an Australian indie rock band, established in 1990. They released four studio albums and three studio EPs before separating in 2006. Their final album, Dear Friends and Enemies (2004), reached the ARIA Albums Chart's Top 100. They briefly reunited for select shows between 2009 and 2010. Big Heavy Stuff had toured regularly alongside fellow Australian bands Powderfinger, You Am I, and Something for Kate.

Something for Kate
Something for Kate are an Australian alternative rock band, which formed in 1994 with Paul Dempsey on lead vocals and guitar, and Clint Hyndman on drums. They were joined in 1998 by Stephanie Ashworth on bass guitar and backing vocals. The group have released seven studio albums: both The Official Fiction (2003) and Desert Lights (2006) topped the ARIA Albums Chart; while Beautiful Sharks (1999), Echolalia (2001) and Leave Your Soul to Science (2012) reached the top 10. Two of their singles have reached the ARIA top 20: "Monsters" (2001) and "Déjà Vu" (2003). The band have received a total of 11 nominations for ARIA Music Awards in 1999, 2001 and 2003.
2016 WTA Finals
The 2016 WTA Finals was a women's tennis tournament at Kallang, Singapore. It was the 46th edition of the singles event and the 41st edition of the doubles competition. The tournament was contested by eight singles players and eight doubles teams. The tournament was contested by eight singles players and eight doubles teams. The tournament was the year-end final of the 2016 WTA Tour.

2016 Wuhan Open
The 2016 Wuhan Open (also known as the 2016 Dongfeng Motor Wuhan Open for sponsorship reasons) was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts between September 25 and October 1, 2016. It was the 3rd edition of the Wuhan Open, and part of the WTA Premier 5 tournaments of the 2016 WTA Tour. The tournament was held at the Optics Valley International Tennis Center in Wuhan, China.
Gola Ghar
The Gola Ghar (Assamese for 'Cannon House') is a historical monument located in Joysagar, 4 km from Sivasagar, Assam. It is an ammunition store house used by the Ahoms and is situated near the Talatal Ghar.

Sivasagar
Sivasagar (Assamese: [xi.βɔ.xaɡɔ(ɹ)]) is a city and headquarter of the Sivasagar district, Assam. Sivasagar City It is well known for its Ahom palaces and monuments. Sivasagar is an important centre for tea and oil industries today.
Myanmar's Got Talent
Myanmar's Got Talent (MGT) is the Burmese version of the Got Talent franchise that is airing on MRTV-4. It is a talent show that features singers, dancers, magicians, comedians, and other performers of all ages competing for a prize. It has been broadcasting since 2014 and is now reaching its sixth season. The talent show was listed in The Myanmar Times "Top 10 Myanmar TV Shows" in 2019.

Got Talent
Got Talent is a British talent show TV format conceived and owned by Simon Cowell's Syco Entertainment. It has spawned spin-offs in over 60 countries, in what is now referred to as the 'Got Talent' format, similar to that described by Fremantle of the Idol and The X Factor formats. Unlike those shows, Got Talent (influenced by the variety of talent shows Opportunity Knocks and New Faces) showcases other artistic disciplines as well as singers.

In April 2014, the format was named the world's most successful reality TV format ever by Guinness World Records. Cowell said: "I am very proud that Got Talent is a homegrown British show. We owe its success to a group of very talented producers all over the world who have made this happen. And of course amazing talent."
Konstantin Chernyshov
Konstantin Valeryevich Chernyshov (Russian: Константин Валерьевич Чернышов, born June 11, 1967) is a Russian chess grandmaster (2000) and a chess coach.

In 2008 he tied for 1st–8th with Vugar Gashimov, David Arutinian, Yuriy Kryvoruchko, Sergey Fedorchuk, Andrei Deviatkin, Vasilios Kotronias and Erwin L'Ami in the Cappelle-la-Grande Open Tournament. In 2010 he tied for 1st–4th with Evgeny Bareev, Lê Quang Liêm and Ernesto Inarkiev in the Moscow Open and won the event on tie-break.

Chernyshov is the author of Cognitive Chess: Improving Your Visualization and Calculation Skills. The book was published by Russell Enterprises in 2021 and contains hundreds of exercises that are intended to be worked through in the reader's mind, without looking at a chess board.

Erwin l'Ami
Erwin l'Ami (born 5 April 1985) is a Dutch chess grandmaster. He attained the title of grandmaster in 2005, and has reached a peak rating of 2651. l'Ami has represented the Netherlands at seven Chess Olympiads (2006, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2016, 2018, 2022) and won the 2015 Reykjavik Open.
Greatest Hits: The Ultimate Video Collection
Greatest Hits - The Ultimate Video Collection is a DVD by rock band Bon Jovi, coinciding with the bands Greatest Hits compilation. It contains 17 of the band's most popular music videos and 17 corresponding live versions of those songs taken from various concerts. The majority of the live performances have previously been released on DVD.

The DVD is presented in 16x9 "Pillarbox" format and contain stereo and Dolby Digital 5.1 Surround sound audio.

Lost Highway: The Concert
Lost Highway: The Concert is the fourth live DVD from American rock band Bon Jovi. The DVD shows the band performing the Lost Highway album in its entirety to an audience of approximately 2,000 people in Chicago Illinois. It is the first time in the band's history that they have performed an entire album in sequence live. After they completed performing the album in its entirety, the band played three of their hits: "It's My Life", "Wanted Dead or Alive" and "Who Says You Can't Go Home". The concert was released as a bonus audio disk with the German and UK version of Lost Highway on May 16, 2008, under the name Lost Highway: Tour Edition.
Organizational patterns
Organizational patterns are inspired in large part by the principles of the software pattern community, that in turn takes it cues from Christopher Alexander's work on patterns of the built world.

Organizational patterns also have roots in  Kroeber's classic anthropological texts on the patterns that underlie culture and society.

They in turn have provided inspiration for the Agile software development movement,
and for the creation of parts of Scrum and of Extreme Programming in particular.

The Hillside Group
The Hillside Group is an educational nonprofit organization founded in August 1993 to help software developers analyze and document common development and design problems as software design patterns. The Hillside Group supports the patterns community through sponsorship of the Pattern Languages of Programs conferences.
GNU FreeFont
GNU FreeFont (also known as Free UCS Outline Fonts) is a family of free OpenType, TrueType and WOFF vector fonts, implementing as much of the Universal Character Set (UCS) as possible, aside from the very large CJK Asian character set.  The project was initiated in 2002 by Primož Peterlin and is now maintained by Steve White.

The family includes three faces: FreeMono, FreeSans, and FreeSerif, each in four styles (Regular, Italic/Oblique, Bold, and Bold Italic/Oblique).

The fonts are licensed under the GPL-3.0-or-later license with the Font-exception-2.0, ensuring they may be both freely distributed and embedded or otherwise utilized within a document without the document itself being covered by the GPL. The fonts can be obtained libre from GNU Savannah. They are also packaged on certain Linux distributions, including Ubuntu and Arch Linux.

GPL font exception
The GPL font exception clause (or GPL+FE, for short) is an optional clause that can be added to the GNU General Public License (GNU GPL) permitting digital fonts shared with that license to be embedded within a digital document file without requiring the document itself to also be shared with GPL. Without the clause, conflicts may arise with open-source projects distributing digital fonts which may be used in desktop publishing. As explained by Dave Crossland in Libre Graphics Magazine: "A copyleft font may overreach into the documents that use it, unless an exception is made to the normal terms; an additional permission to allow people to combine parts of a font with a document without affecting the license of texts, photographs, illustrations and designs. Most libre fonts today have such a copyleft license – the SIL OFL or GNU GPL with the Font Exception described in the GPL FAQ."
Think of Me First as a Person
Think of Me First as a Person is a documentary film and home movie about Dwight Core Jr., a boy with Down syndrome. The footage was originally shot throughout the 1960s and '70s by Core's father, Dwight Core Sr. The footage was later discovered and completed by the filmmaker's grandson, George Ingmire.

The film was first shown at New Orleans' 2006 Home Movie Day. Later that year, it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry, an honor bestowed every year to twenty-five films deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant." The Library of Congress's statement announcing the 2006 additions to the Registry called the film a "loving portrait by a father of his son with Down syndrome" that represented "the creativity and craftsmanship of the American amateur filmmaker."

The film's title comes from the 1974 Rita Dranginis poem of the same name.

National Film Registry
The National Film Registry (NFR) is the United States National Film Preservation Board's (NFPB) collection of films selected for preservation, each for its cultural, historical and aesthetic contributions since the NFPB's inception in 1988.
Nadine Keßler
Nadine Keßler (German pronunciation: [naˈdiːn ˈkɛslɐ]; born 4 April 1988) is a German retired footballer and current UEFA's head of women's football. She played for VfL Wolfsburg and the German national team. Keßler was the recipient of the FIFA World Player of the Year award at the 2014 FIFA Ballon d'Or.

UEFA Women's Euro 2013
The 2013 UEFA Women's Championship, commonly referred to as the 2013 Women's Euros or just the 2013 Euros, was the 11th European Championship for women's national football teams organised by UEFA. The final tournament, held in Sweden from 10 to 28 July 2013, became the most-watched in the history of the Women's Euros. It concluded with Germany, the defending champions, winning their sixth consecutive and record-extending eighth overall Women's Euro title after defeating Norway in the final.

Sweden was selected as hosts by UEFA's Executive Committee in 2010, meaning their team automatically qualified for the final tournament. The other eleven finalists were decided by a qualifying competition, featuring 44 teams, staged between March 2011 to October 2012. It was the last time the finals featured twelve teams, as from 2017 onwards they would be expanded to include sixteen teams.
Volden, Aarhus
Volden (Lit. The Rampart) is a 180 meters long street in Aarhus, Denmark, situated in the historic Latin Quarter neighborhood. Volden runs from south to north from Store Torv to Graven and intersects Rosensgade roughly in the middle. Volden was created some time before year 1500 on and in the westernmost rampart used to defend the early Viking settlement. It is one of the oldest streets in the city and used to mark the western city limits. Volden is fairly narrow and is a pedestrianized street with cars forbidden access.

Graven, Aarhus
Graven is a street in Aarhus, Denmark. Graven was created some time before year 1500 on and in the northernmost moat used to defend the early Viking settlement. It is one of the oldest streets in the city and used to mark the northern city limits along with Klostergade. Graven runs 220 meter west to east from Klostergade to Mejlgade and is situated in the historic Latin Quarter neighborhood. Graven is fairly narrow and is a designated one-way street for motorized traffic in the direction of Mejlgade towards Klostergade. Graven is characterized by low housing, cafés and speciality shops, and has much foot and bicycle traffic. As Klostergade and Mejlgade, Graven is a shared bikeway, part of the city's bicycle infrastructure network.
1981 French Grand Prix
The 1981 French Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Dijon-Prenois near Dijon, France on 5 July 1981. It was the eighth race of the 1981 Formula One World Championship.

The 80-lap race was won by Alain Prost, driving a Renault. On home soil, Prost scored the first of an eventual 51 Grand Prix victories, in a race that was stopped after 58 laps due to heavy rain and then restarted, with aggregate times determining the final positions. John Watson finished second in his McLaren-Ford, while Nelson Piquet, who had been leading in his Brabham-Ford when the race was stopped, finished third.

Prior to the race, Jean-Pierre Jabouille decided to retire from Formula One, having not fully recovered from the leg injuries he had sustained in Canada the previous year. His place at Ligier was taken for the rest of the season by Patrick Tambay, who moved from Theodore.

Dijon-Prenois
Dijon-Prenois is a 3.801 km (2.362 mi) motor racing circuit located in Prenois, near Dijon, France. The undulating track is noted for its fast, sweeping bends.

Opened in 1972, Dijon-Prenois hosted the Formula One French Grand Prix five times, and the Swiss Grand Prix in 1982. The non-championship 1975 Swiss Grand Prix was also held at Dijon. The circuit currently hosts the Grand Prix de l'Age d'Or, and last hosted the FFSA GT Championship in 2018.
MTN Rwanda
MTN Rwandacell Plc, commonly referred to as MTN Rwanda, is the largest telecommunications company in Rwanda, with an estimated 7 million subscribers, accounting for 62 percent market share, as of 30 July 2023.

MTN Group
MTN Group Limited (formerly M-Cell) is a South African multinational corporation and mobile telecommunications provider. Its head office is in Johannesburg. MTN is among the largest mobile network operators in the world, and the largest in Africa.

In October 2025 MTN announced it had surpassed 300 million customers, the first African-headquartered telco to reach that milestone, making it the sixth-largest in the world by subscriber count. It has a footprint in sixteen countries in Africa and the Middle East.
Urmila Thebe
Urmila Thebe is a Nepalese politician, belonging to the CPN (UML) Party. She is currently serving as a member of the 2nd Federal Parliament of Nepal. In the 2022 Nepalese general election she was elected as a proportional representative from the indigenous people category.

2nd Federal Parliament of Nepal
The Second Federal Parliament of Nepal, was elected by the 2022 general elections on 20 November 2022. The elections elected 275 Members of Parliament (MPs), 165 for each constituency and 110 through the party list, to the House of Representatives. The parliament convened for the first time on 9 January 2023 and was dissolved on 12 September 2025 following the 2025 Gen Z protests.
ʽAttan
ʽAttan (Arabic: عطان ‘Aţţān), also transliterated as ʽIttan and known historically as ʽAḍudān, is a village in Bani Matar District of Sanaa Governorate, Yemen. It is a short distance southwest of Sanaa, with the two being separated by a long, low hill.

Bani Matar district
Bani Matar District (Arabic: مُدِيْرِيَّة بَنِي مَطَر, romanized: Mudīriyyat Banī Maṭar) is a district of the Sanaa Governorate, Yemen. As of 2003, the district had a population of 100,012 inhabitants.
2011 Pekao Szczecin Open
The 2011 Pekao Szczecin Open was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 19th edition of the tournament which was part of the Tretorn SERIE+ of the 2011 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Szczecin, Poland between 12 and 18 September 2011.

Szczecin Open
The Invest in Szczecin Open (formerly Pekao Szczecin Open) is a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It is currently part of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour. It was part of the Tretorn SERIE+ on the Challenger Tour. It is held annually at the Wojska Polskiego in Szczecin, Poland, since 1993  (as a Satellite from 1993 to 1995, as a Challenger since 1996).
Cessna 206
The Cessna 205, 206 and 207, known primarily as the Stationair (and marketed variously as the Super Skywagon, Skywagon and Super Skylane), are a family of single-engined, general aviation aircraft with fixed landing gear, used in commercial air service as well as for personal use. The family was originally developed from the popular retractable-gear Cessna 210 and produced by the Cessna Aircraft Company.

The line's combination of a powerful engine, rugged construction and a large cabin has made these aircraft popular bush planes.  Cessna describes the 206 as "the sport-utility vehicle of the air."  These airplanes are also used for aerial photography, skydiving and other utility purposes.  They can also be equipped with floats, amphibious floats and skis.  Alternatively, they can be fitted with luxury appointments for use as a personal air transport.

From 1962 to 2006 Cessna produced 8,509 aircraft in the 205, 206 and 207 variants. The aircraft remains in production.

Model year
The model year (sometimes abbreviated as MY) is a method of describing the version of a product which has been produced over multiple years. The model year may or may not be the same as the calendar year in which the product was manufactured.
R560 road (Ireland)
The R560 road is a regional road in Ireland. It is a road on the Dingle Peninsula in County Kerry. The road forms part of the Wild Atlantic Way.

The R560 travels southwest from the N86 near Camp via Connor Pass between the Brandon and central Dingle mountain groups. The pass summit, at an elevation of 460 m (1,500 ft), affords panoramic views of the Dingle area and Dingle Bay. From here, the road descends to end at Dingle. The R560 is 31.9 km (19.8 mi) long.

N86 road (Ireland)
The N86 road is a national secondary road in County Kerry, Ireland. It runs from Tralee (Castlemaine Road Roundabout on the N22/N69 Tralee Bypass) to Dingle and passes through Annascaul and Lispole en route and passes by Gallaunmore. It is 50.235 kilometres (31.215 miles) in length. It has, in recent years, seen significant improvements to certain stretches of road.
Culture circle
Culture circles were a classroom methodology developed by Brazilian educator Paulo Freire for adult literacy, especially for agricultural laborers. Freire took part in these classrooms during the 1960s, prior to the military coup, and later in Chile while in exile. He chose this name for his classrooms for the following reasons:

To avoid using the term "literacy classrooms," a term that may be deemed derogatory and more related to what Freire described as a banking educational model.

Beyond learning to read and write, culture circles seek to develop critical consciousness through cooperative research.

Paulo Freire
Paulo Reglus Neves Freire (19 September 1921 – 2 May 1997) was a Brazilian educator and Marxist philosopher whose work revolutionized global thought on education. He is best known for Pedagogy of the Oppressed, in which he reimagines teaching as a collaborative act of liberation rather than transmission. A founder of critical pedagogy, Freire’s influence spans literacy movements, liberation theology, postcolonial education, Marxism, and contemporary theories of social justice and learning. He is widely regarded as one of the most important educational theorists of the twentieth century, alongside figures such as John Dewey and Maria Montessori, and considered "the Grandfather of Critical Theory".