hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Exército Guerrilheiro do Povo Galego Ceive
The Exército Guerrilheiro do Povo Galego Ceive (Guerrilla Army of the Free Galician People in Galician language; EGPGC) was an armed organization formed in 1986 mainly by members of Galiza Ceibe-OLN. It was considered a terrorist organisation by the Spanish Government. The main goals of the organization were the independence of Galicia and the transformation of society according to the principles of socialism. The EGPGC was operative between 1987 and 1991, a time during which the EGPGC made a total of 90 armed actions and a multitude of provisioning actions.

Santiago de Compostela
Santiago de Compostela, alternatively abbreviated to Santiago or Compostela, is the capital of the autonomous community of Galicia, Spain. It is located in the province of A Coruña, in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula. The city has its origin in the shrine of Saint James the Great, now the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela, as the destination of the Way of St. James, a leading Catholic pilgrimage route since the 9th century. In 1985, the city's Old Town was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Santiago de Compostela has a very mild climate for its latitude with heavy winter rainfall courtesy of its relative proximity to the prevailing winds from Atlantic low-pressure systems.
Sports in New Orleans
New Orleans is home to a wide variety of sporting events. Most notable are the home games of the New Orleans Saints (NFL) and the New Orleans Pelicans (NBA), the annual Sugar Bowl, the annual Zurich Classic (PGA Tour) and horse racing at the Fair Grounds Race Course. 
New Orleans has also hosted the Super Bowl, College Football Playoff semifinal game and the NCAA college basketball Final Four.

Xavier Gold Rush and Gold Nuggets
The Xavier Gold Rush and Gold Nuggets are the athletic teams that represent Xavier University of Louisiana, located in New Orleans, Louisiana, in intercollegiate sports as a member of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA), primarily competing in the Red River Athletic Conference (RRAC) since the 2021–22 academic year. The Gold Rush and Gold Nuggets previously competed in the Gulf Coast Athletic Conference (GCAC) from 1981–82 to 2020–21. As early as 1917, when Xavier University was still only a high school, organized sports were held on the "Old Southern" campus. As described in the 1917 Xavier Bulletin, "An athletic association has been organized by the students, under the direction of the Faculty. The football and baseball teams are able contestants with those of the standard colleges of the South. Pole-vault contests and track meets are additional sports. Excellent physical training for girls is provided in basket-ball, volley-ball, and kindred sports."
Caustic (optics)
In optics, a caustic or caustic network is the envelope of light rays which have been reflected or refracted by a curved surface or object, or the projection of that envelope of rays on another surface.  The caustic is a curve or surface to which each of the light rays is tangent, defining a boundary of an envelope of rays as a curve of concentrated light.  In some cases caustics can be seen as patches of light or their bright edges, shapes which often have cusp singularities.

Refraction
In physics, refraction is the redirection of a wave as it passes from one medium to another. The redirection can be caused by the wave's change in speed or by a change in the medium. Refraction of light is the most commonly observed phenomenon, but other waves such as sound waves and water waves also experience refraction. How much a wave is refracted is determined by the change in wave speed and the initial direction of wave propagation relative to the direction of change in speed.

Optical prisms and lenses use refraction to redirect light, as does the human eye. The refractive index of materials varies with the wavelength of light, and thus the angle of the refraction also varies correspondingly. This is called dispersion and allows prisms  and raindrops in rainbows to divide white light into its constituent spectral colors.
Cycas chamaoensis
Cycas chamaoensis is named after the only known habitat of this species, on and near Khao Chamao mountain in Khao Chamao District, Thailand. Stems are arborescent, either erect or decumbent. Leaves numerous, exceeding 60 per crown, 1.2-2.5 meters in length, ending in terminal spine. Petiole 30–60 cm, glabrous and partially spiny. Leaflets in 85-155 pairs, and lanceolate, glabrous and angled forward at 60-70 degrees.

Female cones closed type, sporophylls 13–18 cm long with yellow to gray tomentose. 2-4 ovules per sporophyll. Lamina is long, almost circular, with numerous lateral spines. Sarcotesta 3 mm thick, and yellow in color, with smooth sclerotesta. Male cones solitary and erect, spindle shaped to narrow ovoid, 50–60 cm long, 12–13 cm in diameter, with orange color. Prominent apical spine present.

Glabrousness
Glabrousness (from Latin  glaber 'bald, hairless, shaved, smooth, etc.') is the technical term for a lack of hair, down, setae, trichomes, or other such covering. A glabrous surface may be a natural characteristic of all or part of a plant or animal, or be due to loss because of a physical condition, such as alopecia universalis in humans, which causes hair to fall out or not regrow.
Fred Patten
Frederick Walter Patten (December 11, 1940 – November 12, 2018) was an American writer and historian known for his work in the science fiction, fantasy, anime, manga, and furry fandoms, where he gained great distinction through a substantial contribution to both print and online books, magazines, and other media.

Animation World Network
Animation World Network (often just "AWN") is an online publishing group that specializes in resources for animators, with an extensive website offering news, articles and links for professional animators and animation fans.
China International Water & Electric Corporation
China International Water & Electric Corporation (abbreviated CWE) is a Chinese construction and engineering consulting company that is a subsidiary of China Three Gorges Corporation (CTE). CWE specializes in the construction of water and hydropower projects but its work runs the gamut including road and bridge, power transmission, drainage and sewage treatment systems, dredging, port maintenance, and interior design.

Based on international contracting revenue in 2014 it was the 74th-largest international construction and engineering company according to Engineering News-Record.

China Three Gorges Corporation
The China Three Gorges Corporation (CTG; Chinese: 中国长江三峡集团公司) is a Chinese state-owned power company, established on 27 September 1993. The company was responsible for the construction of the Three Gorges Dam-project, the world's largest hydroelectric power plant, that went into operation in 2008. In September 2002, CTG established the subsidiary company China Yangtze Power, which took over operations and management of Gezhouba and Three Gorges dams. CTG is one of the world's largest energy companies with total assets of RMB 475.5 billion (app. USD 77.3 billion) in 2014. Other than hydroelectric dams, the company also operates onshore and offshore wind farms.
Allemagne-en-Provence
Allemagne-en-Provence (French pronunciation: [almaɲ ɑ̃ pʁɔvɑ̃s], literally Germany in Provence; Occitan: Alemanha, before 1953: Allemagne) is a commune in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France.

Unlike the other French town called Allemagne, which changed its name to Fleury-sur-Orne in 1916 during World War I, Allemagne-en-Provence has kept its name.

Riez
Riez (French pronunciation: [ʁiˈjɛs]; Provençal Occitan: Riés; sometimes Riez-la-Romaine) is a hilly commune in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in Southeastern France. It is located northwest of the Lac de Sainte-Croix, stemming from the Verdon, on the road to Valensole, at the confluence of the Auvestre and Colostre.
Andrei Kazusenok
Andrei Fyodorovich Kazusenok (Belarusian: Андрей Фёдорович Казусенок, born 15 January 1984) is a Belarusian judoka and sambist.

At the 2008 Summer Olympics Kazusenok was eliminated in the quarterfinals of the 90 kg competition after losing his fight to Ivan Pershin. In the repechage he lost to eventual bronze medalist Hesham Mesbah of Egypt. In sambo, Kazusenok won gold at the 2007 and 2008 World Championships.

Ivan Pershin
Ivan Vasilevich Pershin (Russian: Иван Васильевич Першин, born 25 January 1980) is a Russian judoka.

Pershin was born in Arkhangelsk.

At the 2008 Summer Olympics Pershin was eliminated in the semifinals of the 90 kg competition after losing his fight to the upcoming gold medalist Irakli Tsirekidze. And he lost the following bronze medal fight to Sergei Aschwanden.
Südpfalz
Südpfalz is an electoral constituency (German: Wahlkreis) represented in the Bundestag. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the current constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 210. It is located in southern Rhineland-Palatinate, comprising the city of Landau and the districts of Germersheim and Südliche Weinstraße.

Südpfalz was created for the 1965 federal election. Since 2025, it has been represented by Thomas Gebhart of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU).

Germersheim (district)
Germersheim (German: [ˈɡɛʁmɐsˌhaɪm] ⓘ) is a district in the south-east of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from west clockwise) Südliche Weinstraße, Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis, the district Karlsruhe as well as the district-free city of Karlsruhe, and the French département Bas-Rhin.
Expected value of perfect information
In decision theory, the expected value of perfect information (EVPI) is the price that one would be willing to pay in order to gain access to perfect information. A common discipline that uses the EVPI concept is health economics. In that context and when looking at a decision of whether to adopt a new treatment technology, there is always some degree of uncertainty surrounding the decision, because there is always a chance that the decision turns out to be wrong. The expected value of perfect information analysis tries to measure the expected cost of that uncertainty, which “can be interpreted as the expected value of perfect information (EVPI), since perfect information can eliminate the possibility of making the wrong decision” at least from a theoretical perspective.

Decision theory
Decision theory or the theory of rational choice is a branch of probability, economics, and analytic philosophy that uses expected utility and probability to model how individuals would behave rationally under uncertainty. It differs from the cognitive and behavioral sciences in that it is mainly prescriptive and concerned with identifying optimal decisions for a rational agent, rather than describing how people actually make decisions. Despite this, the field is important to the study of real human behavior by social scientists, as it lays the foundations to mathematically model and analyze individuals in fields such as sociology, economics, criminology, cognitive science, moral philosophy and political science.
Charles Billingslea
Major General Charles Billingslea (May 16, 1914 – March 14, 1989) was a highly decorated United States Army officer. A graduate of the United States Military Academy (USMA) and a trained parachutist, Billingslea received the Distinguished Service Cross (DSC), the second highest decoration in the United States Armed Forces for heroism in combat, during World War II.

Following the war, he remained in the army, eventually reaching general officer's rank and going on to hold several important assignments including command of the 2nd Infantry Division (Indianhead) or Deputy Commanding General, U.S. Army Combat Development Command. He also led the forces that enforced desegregation at the University of Mississippi, during the Ole Miss riot of 1962, and later led forces in Birmingham, Alabama, to maintain the peace during demonstrations led by Martin Luther King Jr. to end segregation.

Paratrooper
A paratrooper or military parachutist is a soldier trained to conduct military operations by parachuting directly into an area of operations, usually as part of a large airborne forces unit. Traditionally paratroopers fight only as light infantry armed with small arms and light weapons, although some paratroopers can also function as artillerymen or mechanized infantry by utilizing field guns, infantry fighting vehicles and light tanks that are often used in surprise attacks to seize strategic positions behind enemy lines such as airfields, bridges and major roads.
Frasso Telesino
Frasso Telesino is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Benevento in the Italian region Campania, located about 40 km northeast of Naples and about 20 km west of Benevento.

Frasso Telesino borders the following municipalities: Cautano, Dugenta, Melizzano, Sant'Agata de' Goti, Solopaca, Tocco Caudio, Vitulano. It is located on the western slopes of the Monte Taburno.

Sights include the hermitage of San Michele, the Palazzo Gambacorta and the 18th century church of Madonna di Campanile.

Benevento
Benevento (Italian: [beneˈvɛnto] ⓘ; Beneventano: Biniviento [biniˈvjendə]) is a city and comune (municipality) of Campania, Italy, capital of the province of Benevento. It is situated on a hill 130 metres (427 feet) above sea level at the confluence of the Calore Irpino (or Beneventano) and the Sabato. As of June 30, 2025, Benevento has 55,319 inhabitants. It is also the seat of a Catholic archbishop.

Benevento occupies the site of the ancient Beneventum, originally Maleventum or even earlier Maloenton. In the imperial period, its founder was deemed to have been Diomedes after the Trojan War.

Due to its artistic and cultural significance, the Santa Sofia Church in Benevento was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2011, as part of a group of seven historic buildings inscribed as Longobards in Italy, Places of Power (568–774 A.D.).

The patron saint of Benevento is Saint Bartholomew, the Apostle, whose relics are kept at the Cattedrale di Santa Maria Assunta.
A-choy
A-choy (also known as aa choy, sword choy, or yau mak choy in English) is a leafy green vegetable that is a variety of lettuce, scientifically classified under Lactuca sativa, a species in the Asteraceae family. Native to Southern Taiwan, the a-choy is a staple of Taiwanese cuisine that is well known for its crisp stalks, tender leaves, and slightly sweet, mild flavor. The stem portion of the a-choy is known as the celtuce or stem lettuce, and is often used as a vegetable in its own right.

Common pests that affect the a-choy plant include aphids, cabbage worms, slugs, snails, and flea beetles.

Romaine lettuce
Romaine or cos lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia) is a variety of lettuce that grows in a tall head of sturdy dark green leaves with firm ribs down their centers. Unlike most lettuces, it is tolerant of heat. In North America, romaine is often sold as whole heads or as "hearts" that have had the outer leaves removed and are often packaged together.

Commercially sold romaine lettuce has occasionally been the subject of product warnings by both U.S. and Canadian health authorities warning that consumer supplies can become contaminated with or host pathogenic E. coli bacteria. Cattle can harbor the bacteria without ill effects and be asymptomatic carriers of the bacterium. Lettuce becomes contaminated with the bacterium as the result of cattle manure being used to fertilize crop fields, or the proximity of cattle pastures and feedlots to water sources used to irrigate crops.
Dynamic risk measure
In financial mathematics, a conditional risk measure is a random variable of the financial risk (particularly the downside risk) as if measured at some point in the future.  A risk measure can be thought of as a conditional risk measure on the trivial sigma algebra.

A dynamic risk measure is a risk measure that deals with the question of how evaluations of risk at different times are related.  It can be interpreted as a sequence of conditional risk measures.

A different approach to dynamic risk measurement has been suggested by Novak.

Downside risk
Downside risk is the financial risk associated with losses. That is, it is the risk of the actual return being below the expected return, or the uncertainty about the magnitude of that difference.

Risk measures typically quantify the downside risk, whereas the standard deviation (an example of a deviation risk measure) measures both the upside and downside risk. Specifically, downside risk can be measured either with downside beta or by measuring lower semi-deviation.: 3  The statistic below-target semi-deviation or simply target semi-deviation (TSV) has become the industry standard.
Ballade No. 3 (Chopin)
The Ballade No. 3 in A♭ major, Op. 47, is the third of Chopin's ballades for solo piano. It was composed in 1841 and published the same year.

It is the only ballade by Chopin that does not end in a minor key.

A-flat major
A-flat major is a major scale based on A♭, with the pitches A♭, B♭, C, D♭, E♭, F, and G. Its key signature has four flats.

The A-flat major scale is:

The A-flat harmonic major and melodic major scales are

Its relative minor is F minor. Its parallel minor, A-flat minor, would require seven flats and is usually written as the enharmonic key of G-sharp minor instead, with five sharps.

In tuning systems where the number of notes per octave is not a multiple of 12, notes such as G♯ and A♭ are not enharmonically equivalent, nor are the corresponding key signatures. These tunings can produce keys with no analogue in 12-tone equal temperament, possibly requiring double sharps, double flats, or microtonal alterations in key signatures.
Afon Ysgethin
The Afon Ysgethin is a short river in Gwynedd, Wales. Flowing entirely within Snowdonia National Park, it rises beneath the peaks of Y Llethr and Diffwys in the Rhinogydd mountain range and runs in a generally WSW direction towards Cardigan Bay. Its upper reaches are crossed by two old stone bridges: Pont Scethin and Pont Fadog. Below the latter, the river flows through the Cors y Gedol woodland, a temperate rain forest with a diverse flora and fauna.

Y Llethr
Y Llethr is the highest mountain in the Rhinogydd range of Snowdonia, in north Wales. The summit consists of a flat grassy top marked only by a small cairn. The summit is more in keeping with its southern flanks than its rugged northern approach.

The shortest route to the summit goes from the valley of Cwm Nantcol in the west, either directly or via Bwlch Drws Ardudwy and over the mountain of Rhinog Fach. To the south lies  the mountain of Diffwys, to the south-east lies the mountain of Y Garn, to the north lies Rhinog Fach and to the west lies the hill of Moelfre.
Kyōgo Furuhashi
Kyōgo  Furuhashi (古橋 亨梧, Furuhashi Kyōgo; born 20 January 1995), often known mononymously as Kyōgo, is a Japanese professional footballer who plays as a striker for EFL Championship club Birmingham City and the Japan national team.

2020 Japanese Super Cup
The 2020 Japanese Super Cup (known as Fuji Xerox Super Cup 2020 for sponsorship reasons) was the 27th Japanese Super Cup since its reestablishment, and the 35th overall. It was held on 8 February 2020 between the 2019 J1 League champions Yokohama F. Marinos and the 2019 Emperor's Cup winners Vissel Kobe. It took place at the Saitama Stadium 2002, Saitama, Saitama.

This was Marinos's first Super Cup appearance since 2014, and was looking to end its bad record of five defeats in all of its previous appearances, stretching back to 1984. At the other hand, this was Vissel's first ever Super Cup appearance.

Drawn 3–3 until the end of 90 minutes, Vissel Kobe won the match on penalties, which saw nine consecutive penalties missed before Hotaru Yamaguchi ended the run and won Vissel its only second national trophy ever. The penalty also condemned Marinos to its sixth Super Cup defeat.
WMMN
WMMN (920 AM) is a conservative talk formatted broadcast radio station licensed to Fairmont, West Virginia, serving North-Central West Virginia. WMMN is owned and operated by Laurel Highland Total Communications, Inc., through licensee LHTC Media of West Virginia, Inc.

Conservative talk radio
Conservative talk radio is a talk radio format in the United States and other countries devoted to expressing conservative viewpoints of issues, as opposed to progressive talk radio. The definition of conservative talk is generally broad enough that libertarian talk show hosts are also included. The format has become the dominant form of talk radio in the United States since the 1987 abolition of the fairness doctrine.

In the United States, the format has included personalities such as Rush Limbaugh, Mark Levin, Glenn Beck, Ben Shapiro, Sean Hannity, Charlie Kirk, Michael Savage, Larry Elder, Dennis Prager, Jim Quinn, Lars Larson, Joe Pags, Bill O'Reilly, Laura Ingraham, Michael Medved, Oliver North, Dan Bongino, Ken Matthews, and Jerry Doyle.
Sports Performance eXtreme
SPX or Sports Performance eXtreme, was a footwear and sportswear brand in the late 1980s and early 1990s known for their distinctive sneakers. The brand experienced a brief revival in Asia in the early 2000s under new ownership.

British Knights
British Knights is an American brand founded in 1983 by Jack Schwartz Shoes Inc., based in New York City. In the 1980s, British Knights distinguished themselves as an inner-city and music-driven brand, appealing to the predominantly male youth in urban communities.

Casual wear currently commercialized under the brand include footwear (mainly sneakers) and clothing (t-shirts, hoodies, caps).
Gutenberg, Germany
Gutenberg (German pronunciation: [ˈɡuːtn̩bɛʁk]) is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Bad Kreuznach district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Rüdesheim, whose seat is in the municipality of Rüdesheim an der Nahe. Gutenberg is a winegrowing village.

Wallhausen, Rhineland-Palatinate
Wallhausen (German pronunciation: [ˈvalˌhaʊzn̩]) is a municipality in the district of Bad Kreuznach in Rhineland-Palatinate, in western Germany.

The town is known for quaint, family-operated, wineries and its connectivity to walking paths around the Nahe wine region.
Orazio Fagone
Orazio Fagone (born 13 November 1968) is an Italian sledge hockey player and former short track speed skater who competed in the 1988 Winter Olympics, 1992 Winter Olympics and 1994 Winter Olympics. After a motorcycle accident, he also competed as paralympic hockey player and wheelchair curler.

Italian National Olympic Committee
The Italian National Olympic Committee (Italian: Comitato Olimpico Nazionale Italiano, CONI; IOC Code: ITA), founded in 1914 and a member of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), is responsible for the development and management of sports activity in Italy. Within Italy, CONI recognizes 48 national sports federations, 15 associate sports disciplines, 14 promotional sports organizations, and 19 organizations for the betterment of sports.

In total 95,000 sports clubs with 11,000,000 members are recognized. Its 2016 annual budget is 412,900,000 euros which is primarily funded by the Italian government.