hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tuberculin
Tuberculin, known in its modern form as purified protein derivative (PPD), is a combination of proteins that are used in the diagnosis of tuberculosis by injection into the skin.

Common side effects include redness, itchiness (pruritus), and pain at the site of injection. Allergic reactions may occasionally occur. Use is safe in pregnancy.

The original tuberculin, a glycerin extract of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, was discovered in 1890 by Robert Koch. Koch, best known for his work on the etiology (cause, origin) of tuberculosis (TB), laid down various rigorous guidelines that aided the establishment between a pathogen and the specific disease that followed that were later named Koch's postulates. Although he initially believed it would cure tuberculosis, this was later disproved.  PPD was invented in 1934 by Florence Seibert, greatly improving the reliability of the skin test over Koch's extract.

PPD is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

Koch's postulates
Koch's postulates (/kɒx/ KOKH) are four criteria designed to establish a causal relationship between a microbe and a disease. The postulates were formulated by Robert Koch and Friedrich Loeffler in 1884, based on earlier concepts described by Jakob Henle, and the statements were refined and published by Koch in 1890. Koch applied the postulates to describe the etiology of cholera and tuberculosis, both of which are now ascribed to bacteria. The postulates have been controversially generalized to other diseases. More modern concepts in microbial pathogenesis cannot be examined using Koch's postulates, including viruses (which are obligate intracellular parasites) and asymptomatic carriers. They have largely been supplanted by other criteria such as the Bradford Hill criteria for infectious disease causality in modern public health and molecular Koch's postulates for microbial pathogenesis.
Derm, Namibia
Derm is a hamlet in the Hardap Region of central Namibia, on Route M-41 at its intersection with routes D-1328 and C-25. It is 13 kilometres (8 mi) east of the Lüneburg farmstead.

There is a police station there and a landing strip south-southeast of the hamlet.

Derm is situated 132 kilometres (82 mi) north-east of Mariental and 24 km east of Uhlenhorst in the Rehoboth district. Afrikaans for 'intestine', the name is translated from Khoekhoen Guias.

The town was named after the Victorian Railways Diesel Electric Railmotor after its successful introduction to Victoria's railway network.

Rehoboth, Namibia
Rehoboth is a town in the Hardap Region of central Namibia, just north of the Tropic of Capricorn. It had a population of 40,788 people in 2023.

Rehoboth is intersected from north to south by the national road B1, which also serves as the border of the two electoral constituencies in the town, Rehoboth Urban West and Rehoboth Urban East. Rehoboth is the core territory of the Baster community which still lives according to their Paternal Laws which were enacted in 1872.
Schizoid (film)
Schizoid is a 1980 American slasher film directed and written by David Paulsen, and starring Klaus Kinski, Marianna Hill, Craig Wasson, Christopher Lloyd, and Donna Wilkes. It follows a Los Angeles advice columnist who is subject to a series of threatening anonymous letters, while members of a group therapy she attends are being stalked and murdered by a killer armed with shearing scissors.

Produced and distributed by The Cannon Group, Inc., Schizoid was filmed in Los Angeles in 1980 and released theatrically in September that year. The film received largely negative reviews from critics, with several, such as Roger Ebert and Kevin Thomas, criticizing its depictions of violence against women.

The Cannon Group, Inc.
The Cannon Group, Inc. was an American group of companies, including Cannon Films, which produced films from 1967 to 1994. The extensive group also owned, amongst others, a large international cinema chain and a video film company that invested heavily in the video market, buying the international video rights to several classic film libraries. The Cannon catalogue encompasses a wide range of different genres. Cannon Films is known for its highly successful 1980s action B movies, such as Missing in Action (1984), American Ninja (1985), and Bloodsport (1988). It also produced the Oscar-nominated films Joe (1970), Runaway Train (1985) and Street Smart (1987).
Mario Magnozzi
Mario Magnozzi (Italian pronunciation: [ˈmaːrjo maɲˈɲɔttsi]; 20 March 1902 – 25 June 1971) was an Italian footballer who played as a forward. He competed in the 1928 Summer Olympics with the Italy national team.

Football at the 1928 Summer Olympics
Football was one of the tournaments at the 1928 Summer Olympics. It was won by Uruguay against Argentina, and was the last Olympic football tournament before the inception of the FIFA World Cup, which was held for the first time in 1930. This edition, along with the preceding 1924 edition, were the only tournaments in history outside of the World Cup that count as Senior World Titles equivalent to the World Cup.
Killing of Bijan Ghaisar
On November 17, 2017, Bijan C. Ghaisar, a 25-year-old American, was fatally shot by US Park Police officers Lucas Vinyard and Alejandro Amaya after a vehicular chase that followed a traffic collision along the George Washington Memorial Parkway in Northern Virginia. Ghaisar was unarmed and died ten days later in a hospital. A video of the shooting was released by Fairfax County Police, who had assisted with the chase.

The incident was investigated by the Federal Bureau of Investigation. In December 2019 Fairfax County prosecutors announced that they would seek an indictment for the killing that occurred in their jurisdiction but the assumption of a new prosecutor to that office resulted in further review. In October 2020, Vinyard and Amaya were charged with one count of manslaughter and one count of reckless discharge of a firearm. In court filings, they stated they acted in self defense.

George Washington Memorial Parkway
The George Washington Memorial Parkway, colloquially the G.W. Parkway, is a 25-mile-long (40 km) limited-access parkway that runs along the south bank of the Potomac River from Mount Vernon, northwest to McLean, Virginia, United States, and is maintained by the National Park Service (NPS). It is located almost entirely in Northern Virginia, except for a short portion of the parkway northwest of the Arlington Memorial Bridge that passes over Columbia Island in Washington, D.C.

The parkway is separated into two sections joined by Washington Street (State Route 400) in Alexandria. A third section, which is the Clara Barton Parkway, runs on the opposite side of the Potomac River in the District of Columbia and suburban Montgomery County, Maryland. A fourth section was originally proposed for Fort Washington, Maryland, but never built. The parkway has been designated an All-American Road.

Virginia's official state designation for the parkway is State Route 90005.
Crailing
Crailing is a village on the A698, in Teviotdale, 4m east of Jedburgh in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland, in the historic county of Roxburghshire.

Places nearby include Ancrum, Crailinghall, Eckford, Hownam, Kelso, Nisbet, Roxburghshire, the Oxnam Water, the River Teviot.

Kelso, Scottish Borders
Kelso (Scottish Gaelic: Cealsaidh) is a market town in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland. Within the boundaries of the historic county of Roxburghshire, it lies where the rivers Tweed and Teviot have their confluence. The town has a population of 5,639 according to the 2011 census and based on the 2010 definition of the locality.

Kelso's main tourist attractions are the ruined Kelso Abbey and Floors Castle. The latter is a house designed by William Adam, which was completed in 1726. The Kelso Bridge was designed by John Rennie, who later built the Waterloo Bridge in London.

Kelso held the UK record for the lowest January temperature at −26.7 °C (−16.1 °F), from 1881 until 1982.
Nikasala Aranya Senasanaya
Nikasala Aranya Senasanaya or Nikasala Forest Hermitage (Sinhalaː නිකසල ආරණ්‍ය සේනාසනය) is an ancient Cave temple in Panduwasnuwara DS, Sri Lanka. The temple is situated at Dematawakanda in Kanduboda-Moragane Village, about 5 km (3.1 mi) far from the ancient kingdom of Panduwasnuwara. The monastery has been formally recognised by the Government as an archaeological site in Sri Lanka. The designation was declared on 6 July 2007 under the government Gazette number 1505.

Panduwasnuwara
Panduwasnuwara is an ancient capital, situated in Kurunegala District, Sri Lanka. It is said to be the controlling centre known as Parakramapura of Dakkhinadesa (South Country) in the 12th century, when it was ruled by Parakramabahu. The remaining ruins of the ancient kingdom still can be seen at Kotampitiya area which lies along Wariyapola-Chilaw main road about 19 km (12 mi) away from Wariyapola town. Panduvasnuwara is located at a distance of 3 km from Hettipola and 18 km from Kuliyapitiya.
Sorsele
Sorsele (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈsɔ̌ʂːɛlɛ] ⓘ; Southern Sami: Suarsa; Ume Sami: Suorssá) is a locality and the seat of Sorsele Municipality in Västerbotten County, province of Lapland, Sweden with 1,277 inhabitants in 2010. Sorsele is also the nearest town to the ski resort Nalovardo. It is known for containing a portion of the Vindelfjällen Nature Reserve, one of the largest nature reserves in Sweden.

Mercedes-Benz operate winter driving events on a series of Hermann Tilke-designed snow/ice courses in the area.

Lapland (Sweden)
Lapland, also known by its Swedish name Lappland, is the northernmost province of Sweden. It borders the Swedish provinces of Jämtland, Ångermanland, Västerbotten, and Norrbotten, as well as Norway and Finland. Nearly a quarter of Sweden's land area is in Lapland.

The historical province of Lapland originally extended further eastward. However, in 1809 the Russian Empire annexed the eastern part of Sweden and formed the Grand Duchy of Finland in that territory. This effectively split Lapland into a Swedish part and a Finnish part, both of which still exist today. Swedish Lapland primarily consists of the inland parts of Västerbotten County in the south and Norrbotten County in the north. It has the coldest climates of Sweden, with vast seasonal differences caused by the high latitudes and the inland location.
Marmagao railway station
Marmagao Railway Station (Station code: MRH) is a small railway station in South Goa district, Goa. It serves Marmagao city. The station consists of two platforms, which are not well sheltered and lack many facilities, including water and sanitation.

The station was part of the Marmagao and Vasco metre-gauge railway line, which was the main rail line in the state until Konkan Railway was started in 1998. It comes under the jurisdiction of the Hubli division of the South Western Railway zone. There are no trains from the station, as Vasco da Gama railway station serves the purpose and is just 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) from Marmagao station.

Hubballi railway division
Hubballi railway division is one of the three railway divisions under the jurisdiction of South Western Railway zone of the Indian Railways. It was formed on 5 November 1951 and its headquarter is located at Hubballi, Karnataka.

Bengaluru railway division and Mysuru railway division are the other railway divisions under SWR Zone headquartered at Hubballi.
Polish Radio Łuck
Polish Radio Łuck (Polish: Polskie Radio Łuck) was a radio station of the Polish Radio, planned to be opened in autumn of 1939 in the Volhynian city of Łuck (now Lutsk, Ukraine). Construction of the station's campus, together with the studio, began in July 1938. Frequency of the station was 424 kHz, and power - 50 kilowatts. By September 1, 1939 (see Polish September Campaign), all works in Łuck were completed, and the station was ready, waiting for the transmitter to be brought from Warsaw. However, the transmitter was still being built by Workshops of the Department of Construction of the Polish Radio, located in Warsaw's district of Mokotów, and it was not completed by the outbreak of the war. Therefore, Polish Radio station in Łuck never began service.

The station building survives and is located today at 52 Podebni Street (50°43′41″N 25°18′19″E﻿ / ﻿50.728187°N 25.3051864°E﻿ / 50.728187; 25.3051864).

Polskie Radio
The Polish Radio (PR; Polish: Polskie Radio, PR) is a national public-service radio broadcasting organization of Poland, founded in 1925. It is owned by the State Treasury of Poland. On 27 December 2023, the Minister of Culture and National Heritage, due to the President's veto on the financing of the company, placed it in liquidation.
Slovakia in the Roman era
Slovakia was partly occupied by Roman legions for a short period of time. Marcomannia was a proposed province of the Roman Empire that Emperor Marcus Aurelius planned to establish in this territory. It was inhabited by the Germanic tribes of Marcomanni and Quadi, and lay in the western part of the modern state of Slovakia and the eastern part of what is now the Czech Republic (Moravia).
Part of the area was occupied by the Romans under Marcus Aurelius between 174 AD and 180 AD. His successors abandoned the project, but the people of the area became steadily Romanized during the next two centuries. The Roman influence was disrupted with the invasions of Attila starting around 434 AD and as Slavic people later began to move into the area.

Limes (Roman Empire)
Limes (Latin; sg., pl.: limites) is a term used primarily for the Germanic border defence or delimiting system of ancient Rome marking the borders of the Roman Empire. The term has been extended in modern times to refer to the frontier defences in other parts of the empire, such as in the east and in Africa.
French Polynesia's 2nd constituency
French Polynesia's 2nd constituency is a French legislative constituency in French Polynesia.  It is currently represented by Nicole Sanquer of A here ia Porinetia.

Following the 2010 redistricting of French legislative constituencies, which came into application for the June 2012 legislative election, the boundaries of French Polynesia's two constituencies were redrawn so as to create a third constituency in the collectivity.  Since then, the 2nd constituency consists of the communes of Hitiaa O Te Ra, Mahina, Paea, Papara, Taiarapu-Est, Taiarapu-Ouest and Teva I Uta in the Windward Islands, and all communes in the Austral Islands (Raivavae, Rapa, Rimatara, Rurutu, Tubuai).

French Polynesia's 3rd constituency
French Polynesia's third constituency is a French legislative constituency in French Polynesia.  It is represented by Mereana Reid Arbelot of Tavini Huiraatira.

It was created in the 2010 redistricting of French legislative constituencies, which came into application for the June 2012 legislative election. It consists of the communes of Faaa and Punaauia in Tahiti, and all communes in the Leeward Islands (Bora-Bora, Huahine, Maupiti, Tahaa, Taputapuatea, Tumaraa, Uturoa).
Vasas SC (women's handball)
Vasas SC is a Hungarian women's handball team. It is part of the Budapest-based multi-sports club Vasas SC. One of the most successful teams in the country, they have won the Hungarian championship a record 15 times and in 1982 they were also crowned as the European Champions Cup winners.

EHF Women's Cup Winners' Cup
The Women's EHF Cup Winners' Cup was the official competition for women's handball clubs of Europe that won their national cup, and took place every year from 1976 to 2016 (until 1993 organized by IHF instead of EHF). From the 2016–17 season, the competition will be merged with the EHF Cup.
Nigel Konstam
Nigel Konstam (8 December 1932 – 19 July 2022) was a British sculptor and art historian who has researched the history of art and lectured internationally on art historical subjects. He specialised in exploring the development of Man's ability to understand what he sees and challenged orthodoxy on important turning points in art history.

Filippo Brunelleschi
Filippo di ser Brunellesco di Lippo Lapi (1377 – 15 April 1446), commonly known as Filippo Brunelleschi (/ˌbruːnəˈlɛski/ BROO-nə-LESK-ee; Italian: [fiˈlippo brunelˈleski]) and also nicknamed Pippo by Leon Battista Alberti, was an Italian architect, designer, goldsmith, and sculptor. He is considered to be a founding father of Renaissance architecture. He is recognized as the first modern engineer, planner, and sole construction supervisor. In 1421, Brunelleschi became the first person to receive a patent in the Western world. He is most famous for designing the dome of the Florence Cathedral, and for the mathematical technique of linear perspective in art which governed pictorial depictions of space until the late 19th century and influenced the rise of modern science. His accomplishments also include other architectural works, sculpture, mathematics, engineering, and ship design. Most surviving works can be found in Florence.
Heiðrún
Heiðrún or Heidrun is a nanny goat in Norse mythology, that consumes the foliage of the tree Læraðr and produces mead from her udders for the einherjar. She is described in the Poetic Edda and Prose Edda.

Anatoly Liberman
Anatoly Liberman (Russian: Анато́лий Си́монович Либерма́н; born 10 March 1937) is a linguist, medievalist, etymologist, poet, translator of poetry (mainly from and into Russian), and literary critic.

Liberman is Professor of Germanic Philology in the Department of German, Nordic, Slavic and Dutch at the University of Minnesota, where since 1975 he has taught courses on the history of all the Germanic languages and literatures, folklore, mythology, lexicography, European structuralism and Russian formalism. He has published works on Germanic historical phonetics, English etymology, mythology/folklore, the history of philology, and poetic translation. He publishes a blog, "The Oxford Etymologist."

He is an advocate of spelling reform.
Hans-Ulrich Grapenthin
Hans-Ulrich Grapenthin (also spelled Hans-Ullrich Grapenthin, born 2 September 1943) is a German former footballer who played as a goalkeeper for FC Carl Zeiss Jena in 308 Oberliga matches. He was an East Germany international between 1975 and 1981, winning 21 caps, and was part of the gold-medal winning squad at the 1976 Olympics. He was East German Footballer of the Year in 1980 and 1981.

Footballer of the Year (Germany)
The title Footballer of the Year (German: Fußballer des Jahres) has been awarded in West Germany from 1960 to 1990 and Germany since 1991. Eligible are German players as well as non-German players playing in Germany.

In 1996, the title Women's Footballer of the Year (German: Fußballerin des Jahres) was awarded for the first time. Both awards are determined by a poll of German football journalists from the Association of German Sports Journalists (Verband Deutscher Sportjournalisten) and the publication kicker.

The current titleholders are Florian Wirtz of Liverpool and Ann-Katrin Berger of NJ/NY Gotham FC tied with Giulia Gwinn of FC Bayern Munich. In 2004, Brazilian Aílton became the first foreign player to attain the honour.
Penelope Davies
Penelope Jane Ellis Davies is a Roman archaeologist and art historian. She specialises in the architectural history of ancient Rome. She is a Professor of Art History, Roman Art and Architecture at the University of Texas at Austin.

British School at Rome
The British School at Rome (BSR) is a British interdisciplinary research centre supporting the arts, humanities and architecture established in Rome. Historical and archaeological study are at the core of its activities.
Limburg Basin
The Limburg Basin (German: Limburger Becken) is one of the two large intramontane lowland areas within the Rhenish Massif in Germany, the other being the Middle Rhine Basin. It forms the central part of the natural region of the Gießen-Koblenz Lahn Valley between the Weilburg Lahn Valley Region and the Lower Lahn Valley on both sides of the Lahn around the town of Limburg.

Rhenish Massif
The Rhenish Massif, Rhine Massif or Rhenish Uplands (German: Rheinisches Schiefergebirge [ˈʁaɪnɪʃəs ˈʃiːfɐɡəˌbɪʁɡə] ⓘ: 'Rhenish Slate Uplands'; French: massif schisteux rhénan [masif ʃistø ʁenɑ̃]: 'Rhenish Schistose Massif') is a geologic massif in western Germany, eastern Belgium, Luxembourg and northeastern France.  It is drained centrally, south to north by the river Rhine and a few of its tributaries.

West of the indent of the Cologne Bight it has the Eifel and the Belgian and French Ardennes; east is its greatest German component, the Süder Uplands. The Hunsrück hills form its southwest. The Westerwald is an eastern strip. The Lahn-Dill area is a small central zone and the Taunus Mountains form the rest, the south-east.

The massif hosts the Middle Rhine Valley (Rhine Gorge), a UNESCO World Heritage site linked to the lowest parts of the Moselle (German: Mosel, Luxembourgish: Musel).
Alicia Monson
Alicia Monson (born May 13, 1998) is an American long-distance runner who primarily competes in the 5000 meters and 10,000 meters. She holds the North American record over the 5000 m, 10,000 m, and two mile distances, all set as part of the On Athletics Club under coach Dathan Ritzenhein.

San Juan Capistrano, California
San Juan Capistrano (san hwaan cap-ih-STRAH-noh; also known colloquially as San Juan or SJC) is a city in southern Orange County, California, United States. The population was 35,253 at the 2020 Census.

Named for Saint John of Capistrano, San Juan Capistrano was founded by the Spanish in 1776, when Father Junípero Serra established Mission San Juan Capistrano. Extensive damage caused by an earthquake in 1812 caused the community to decline. Following the Mexican secularization act of 1833, the mission village officially became a town and was briefly renamed as San Juan de Argüello. After the American conquest of California, San Juan remained a small, rural town until the 20th century; the restoration of the mission in the 1910s–20s transformed the town into a tourist destination and a backdrop for Hollywood films.
Elena Paparizou & Melisses Live
Elena Paparizou & Melisses Live was a co-headlining concert tour by Greek contemporary laïka and pop singer Elena Paparizou and the Greek pop band Melisses started in Pafos, Cyprus on July 27, 2012. The acts toured 10 cities in Greece and three in Cyprus, ending in September 2012. The first solo tour for Melisses, it had been after being postponed for a week due to National Cyprus Day and to the economic crisis in Greece.

Melisses
Melisses (Greek; Μέλισσες, stylized as "ΜΕΛΙSSES") are a Greek band consisting of Christos Mastoras (vocals), Costas Mavrogennis (bass), and Thanos Laitsas (guitar). Since 2014, they have been signed to Panik Records.

Their career started in 2008. They have 16 diamond, platinum, and gold digital singles and one gold album. 12 of their songs have entered the top 10 of the radio chart and 5 of their singles have remained in no1 of airplay for more than 70 weeks. They have won 23 MAD VMA music awards, ten of which were for Best Band.
The Tripwires
The Tripwires are a Seattle, Washington–based rock supergroup made up of well known local musicians Dan Peters, John Ramberg, and brothers Jim and Johnny Sangster, all of whom have been members of bands that include The Minus 5, Screaming Trees, and The Young Fresh Fellows.

Neko Case
Neko Richelle Case (/ˈniːkoʊ ˈkeɪs/ NEE-koh KAYSS; born September 8, 1970) is an American singer-songwriter and member of the Canadian indie rock group the New Pornographers. Case's singing voice has been described by contemporaries and critics as a "flamethrower", "a powerhouse [which] seems like it might level buildings," "a 120-mph fastball," and a "vocal tornado". Critics also note her idiosyncratic, "cryptic," "imagistic" lyrics, and credit her as a significant figure in the early 21st-century American revival of the tenor guitar. Case's body of work has spanned and drawn on a range of traditions including country, folk, art rock, indie rock, and pop and is frequently described as defying or avoiding easy generic classification.