hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lerheimia
Lerheimia is a genus of chironomid midges containing four described species found in Tanzania and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

These are small chironomids (wing length 0.8 - 1.3 mm) with bare, protruding eyes, and distinctive wing venation with extended costa and down-curved anal vein.

Chironomidae
Chironomidae /ˌkaɪrəˈnɒmɪdiː/, commonly known as non-biting midges or chironomids /kaɪˈrɒnəmɪdz/, are a family of Nematoceran flies with a global distribution. They are closely related to the families Ceratopogonidae, Simuliidae, and Thaumaleidae. Although many chironomid species superficially resemble mosquitoes, they can be distinguished by the absence of the wing scales and elongated mouthparts characteristic of the Culicidae (true mosquitoes).

The name Chironomidae stems from the Ancient Greek word kheironómos, "a pantomimist".
Leading Creek (Tygart Valley River tributary)
Leading Creek is a tributary of the Tygart Valley River, 17.4 miles (28.0 km) long, in eastern West Virginia in the United States.  Via the Tygart Valley, Monongahela and Ohio rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River, draining an area of 61 square miles (160 km2) in the Allegheny Mountains.  The stream's entire course and drainage basin are in northern Randolph County.

Leading Creek rises north of Montrose and flows southward in a valley between Laurel Mountain and Cheat Mountain, through Montrose and the unincorporated community of Kerens, to Elkins, where it flows into the Tygart Valley River from the north.  The creek is paralleled by U.S. Route 219 for most of its course.

According to the West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection, approximately 80 percent of the Leading Creek watershed is forested, mostly deciduous.  Approximately 18 percent is used for pasture and agriculture.

Monongahela River
The Monongahela River (/məˌnɒŋɡəˈhiːlə/ mə-NONG-gə-HEE-lə, /-ˈheɪ-/ -⁠HAY-), sometimes referred to locally as the Mon (/mɒn/), is a 130-mile-long (210 km) river on the Allegheny Plateau in north-central West Virginia and Southwestern Pennsylvania. The river flows from the confluence of its west and east forks in north-central West Virginia northeasterly into southwestern Pennsylvania, then northerly to Pittsburgh and its confluence with the Allegheny River to form the Ohio River. The river includes a series of locks and dams that makes it navigable.
Immanuel Benveniste
Immanuel Benveniste (also Manuel Benveniste) (1608 in Venice – c. 1660 in Amsterdam) was an Italian Jewish printer in Amsterdam who printed many Hebrew works including an edition of the Talmud from 1644-48. He was one of a number of notable Portuguese Jewish printers at Amsterdam in the seventeenth century, including Manasseh ben Israel, David de Castro Tartas, and Joseph and Immanuel Athias. Benveniste also published the sermons of Saul Levi Morteira in 1652.

Benveniste’s printer’s device (which may have been the family escutcheon) showed an upright lion facing a tower with a star above. Apparently, later printers often “borrowed” this mark for various reasons. The first to do so were Ben Judah ben Mordecai of Posen and Samuel ben Moses ha-Levi, Ashkenazic printers who had previously worked for Benveniste. In their case, Benveniste presumably allowed them to use the mark, perhaps as a show of support for his former employees.

Joseph Athias
Joseph Athias (c. 1635 – 12 May 1700) was a merchant, bookprinter and the publisher of a famous Hebrew Bible which was approved by States-General of the Dutch Republic and both Jewish and Christian theologians.
DNF Duel
DNF Duel is a fighting video game co-developed by Arc System Works, Eighting and Neople, and published by Nexon. It is a spin-off of the Dungeon & Fighter series and was released for the Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, and PlayStation 5 on 28 June 2022. A Nintendo Switch port was released on 20 April 2023.

Dungeon & Fighter
Dungeon & Fighter, sometimes abbreviated to DNF, is a series of video games created by Neople, a subsidiary of Nexon. While early games were only developed and published by Neople, Nexon began to publish other entries in the series as well as outsource the development to other companies.
1981 NASCAR Winston Cup Series
The 1981 NASCAR Winston Cup Series was the thirty-third season of professional stock car racing in the United States and the 10th modern-era Cup Season. It was the first year of the Gen 3 car. Because of the energy crisis, manufacturers were downsizing their cars to be more fuel-efficient, which NASCAR reflected by mandating a 110-inch wheelbase that still exists today. The season began at Riverside International Raceway with the first Winston Western 500 on January 11, 1981 and ended with the same event on November 22. Darrell Waltrip won his first championship with point margin of fifty-three points over Bobby Allison. Ron Bouchard was named Rookie of the Year.

1981 Winston Western 500 (January)
The 1981 Winston Western 500 was a NASCAR Winston Cup Series race that took place on January 11, 1981, at Riverside International Raceway in Riverside, California.

This race would be the final race where 115-inch wheelbase cars were eligible to run; the field was a mix of older cars and 1981 105-inch wheelbase models. Dale Earnhardt drove a 1981 Pontiac while race winner Bobby Allison drove a 1977 Monte Carlo.
2021 Aotearoa Music Awards
The 2021 Aotearoa Music Awards was the 55th holding of the annual ceremony featuring awards for musical recording artists based in or originating from New Zealand. The ceremony took place on 17 December 2021 at the Aotea Centre in Auckland and was hosted by Hayley Sproull and Stan Walker. It was broadcast live on TVNZ 2 and TVNZ+.

The finalists were announced on 11 November 2021. Troy Kingi received the most nominations with six, followed by Teeks with five and L.A.B. with four. The latter were the night's biggest winners and won all the four nominations, including Album of the Year for L.A.B. IV and Single of the Year for "Why Oh Why", followed by Teeks with three.

Aotearoa Music Awards
The Aotearoa Music Awards (formerly the New Zealand Music Awards, and colloquially known as The Tūīs), conferred annually by Recorded Music NZ, honour outstanding artistic and technical achievements in the recording industry. The awards are among the most significant that a group or artist can receive in New Zealand music, and have been presented annually since 1965. The awards show is presented by Recorded Music NZ. A range of award sponsors and media partners support the event each year.
Gary St. Amant
Gary Wayne St. Amant (born October 19, 1962) is an American former stock car racing driver from Columbus, Ohio. While he competed in several NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series races, his career is most notable for his success in the American Speed Association, winning the National Tour in 1998 and 2000. When the ASA folded after the 2004 season, he found success in the Hooters Pro Cup Series, winning the Northern Division Championship in 2007. With St. Amant having won the Snowball Derby and Winchester 400 twice, along with the All American 400 and Snowflake 100 once, he is the only driver in history besides Chase Elliott to have won all four short-track crown jewel events. He also showed his mentorship to a young Jimmie Johnson in his early ASA days, before his transition to NASCAR.  Johnson has since mentioned his appreciation for the coaching while making history himself in the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series.

NASCAR AutoZone Elite Division, Southeast Series
The NASCAR AutoZone Elite Division, Southeast Series was a NASCAR-sanctioned amateur/semi-pro late model stock car racing series based in the Southeastern United States. The series was formerly known as the Slim Jim All Pro Series; it was founded in 1991 as the result of a merger between the All PRO Super Series and the NASCAR All-American Challenge Series The drivers who have graduated from this series include Shawna Robinson, Rick Crawford, Robert Huffman, Jason Keller, and David Reutimann. NASCAR terminated the series, along with other AutoZone Elite Division series, following the 2006 season.
Joseph Philippe Karam
Joseph Philippe Karam (1923–1976) was a Lebanese architect. He was a leading figure of modern architecture in Lebanon during the country's golden era, 1945 to 1975. Karam founded his practice the Atelier d'Architecture Joseph Philippe Karam in the late 1940s.

Edward Durell Stone
Edward Durell Stone (March 9, 1902 – August 6, 1978) was an American architect known for the formal, highly decorative buildings he designed in the 1950s and 1960s. His works include the Museum of Modern Art, in New York City; the Parliament House of Pakistan in Islamabad; the Museo de Arte de Ponce in Ponce, Puerto Rico; the United States Embassy in New Delhi, India; The Keller Center at the University of Chicago; the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington, D.C., the EcoTarium, formerly known as the New England Science Center in Worcester, Massachusetts; and the campus of Windham College (which became Landmark College) in Putney, Vermont.
Bradley High School (Arkansas)
Bradley High School (BHS) is a comprehensive public junior/senior high school located in Bradley, Arkansas, United States. For the 2017-2018 school year, BHS serves more than 24 students in grades 7 through 12 and is supported by more than 15 educators on a full time equivalent basis. Bradley High is the smaller of two public high schools in Lafayette County and draws students from Bradley. It is one of three high schools of the Emerson-Taylor-Bradley School District.

Arkansas Department of Education
The Arkansas Department of Education (ADE) is a cabinet-level agency of the Arkansas state government overseeing public education for K-12, higher education institutions, and career and technical education.

The ADE also contains the Arkansas State Library, the Arkansas School for the Deaf, Arkansas School for the Blind and Visually Impaired, and the Arkansas Martin Luther King, Jr. Commission.
Raft (algorithm)
Raft is a consensus algorithm designed as an alternative to the Paxos family of algorithms. It was meant to be more understandable than Paxos by means of separation of logic, but it is also formally proven safe and offers some additional features. Raft offers a generic way to distribute a state machine across a cluster of computing systems, ensuring that each node in the cluster agrees upon the same series of state transitions. It has a number of open-source reference implementations, with full-specification implementations in Go, C++, Java, JavaScript, and Scala. It is named after Reliable, Replicated, Redundant, And Fault-Tolerant.

Raft is not Byzantine fault tolerant; the nodes trust the elected leader, and the algorithm assumes all participants are trustworthy.

Byzantine fault
A Byzantine fault is a condition of a system, particularly a distributed computing system, where a fault occurs such that different symptoms are presented to different observers, including imperfect information on whether a system component has failed. The term takes its name from an allegory, the "Byzantine generals problem", developed to describe a situation in which, to avoid catastrophic failure of a system, the system's actors must agree on a strategy, but some of these actors are unreliable in  a way which causes other (good) actors to disagree on the strategy and they may be unaware of the disagreement.

A Byzantine fault is also known as a Byzantine generals problem, a Byzantine agreement problem, or a Byzantine failure.

Byzantine fault tolerance (BFT) is the resilience of a fault-tolerant computer system or similar system to such conditions.
Qazi Faez Isa
Qazi Faez Isa (Urdu: قاضی فائز عیسیٰ, pronounced [qaːziː faez iːsaː]; born 26 October 1959) is a Pakistani jurist who served as the 29th Chief Justice of Pakistan (CJP) from 17 September 2023 to 25 October 2024. He was appointed as a justice of the Supreme Court in 2014, having previously served as the chief justice of Balochistan High Court from 2009 to 2014.

During his tenure as Chief Justice, Qazi Faez Isa faced significant controversies, including rulings criticised by political and religious groups, allegations of election interference. Additionally, there was backlash over his judgment supporting changes to Supreme Court procedures which faced accusations of consolidating power within his office. His rulings also received critique for allegedly encouraging political floor-crossing. He was criticised by other Supreme Court justices for undermining the independence of judiciary.

Arif Alvi
Arif-ur-Rehman Alvi (born 29 July 1949) is a Pakistani politician and former dentist who served as the 13th president of Pakistan from September 2018 to March 2024. He was a member of the National Assembly from 2013 until being elected president in 2018. Alvi entered politics in 1979 by joining Jamaat-e-Islami, but later resigned and became one of the founding members of the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf.

Alvi was elected to the National Assembly, from NA-250 Karachi-XII in 2013 and was re-elected in 2018 from NA-247 Karachi South-II. He was later nominated as the PTI's candidate for the presidential election. He was elected as the 13th President of Pakistan after defeating Fazal-ur-Rehman and Aitzaz Ahsan, after which he resigned from the National Assembly and was sworn into office on 9 September 2018, succeeding Mamnoon Hussain.
Stella, Missouri
Stella is a village in southern Newton County, Missouri, United States. The population was 158 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Joplin, Missouri Metropolitan Statistical Area. The village of Stella is located 17 miles southeast of Neosho.

McDonald County, Missouri
McDonald County is a county located in the southwestern corner of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 23,303. and was estimated to be 24,054 in 2024, Its county seat is Pineville.
Allenes
In organic chemistry, allenes are organic compounds in which one carbon atom has double bonds with each of its two adjacent carbon atoms (R2C=C=CR2, where R is H or some organyl group). Allenes are classified as cumulated dienes. The parent compound of this class is propadiene (H2C=C=CH2), which is itself also called allene. A group of the structure R2C=C=CR− is called allenyl, while a substituent attached to an allene is referred to as an allenic substituent (R is H or some alkyl group). In analogy to allylic and propargylic, a substituent attached to a saturated carbon α (i.e., directly adjacent) to an allene is referred to as an allenylic substituent.  While allenes have two consecutive ('cumulated') double bonds, compounds with three or more cumulated double bonds are called cumulenes.

Pi bond
In chemistry, pi bonds (π bonds) are covalent chemical bonds, in which each of two lobes of an orbital on one atom overlap with two lobes of an orbital on another atom, and in which this overlap occurs laterally. Each of these atomic orbitals has an electron density of zero at a shared nodal plane that passes through the two bonded nuclei. This plane also is a nodal plane for the molecular orbital of the pi bond. Pi bonds can form in double and triple bonds but do not form in single bonds in most cases.

The Greek letter π in their name refers to p orbitals, since the orbital symmetry of the pi bond is the same as that of the p orbital when seen down the bond axis. One common form of this sort of bonding involves p orbitals themselves, though d orbitals also engage in pi bonding. This latter mode forms part of the basis for metal-metal multiple bonding.
Pixel buffer
Pixel buffer or pBuffer is a feature in OpenGL and OpenGL ES platform interfaces which allows for off-screen rendering. It is specified as an extension to WGL API, and a core feature of GLX & EGL.

When using pBuffers, a user can bind an OpenGL context to offscreen surfaces, effectively allowing for off-screen rendering to a default framebuffer, allocated by OpenGL itself.

The pBuffer functionality has been superseded by the usage of FBOs (Framebuffer Objects). However, pBuffers can be still used with modern OpenGL drivers.

pBuffers should not be confused with Pixel buffer objects (also named PBOs), which are non-renderable buffers containing raw pixel data.

OpenGL ES
OpenGL for Embedded Systems (OpenGL ES or GLES) is a subset of the OpenGL computer graphics rendering application programming interface (API) for rendering 2D and 3D computer graphics such as those used by video games, typically hardware-accelerated using a graphics processing unit (GPU). It is designed for embedded systems like smartphones, tablet computers, video game consoles and PDAs. OpenGL ES is the "most widely deployed 3D graphics API in history".

The API is cross-language and multi-platform. OpenGL ES is managed by the non-profit technology consortium Khronos Group. Vulkan, a next-generation API from Khronos, is made for simpler high performance drivers for mobile and desktop devices.
Edward Ou
Edward Ou (Chinese: 歐定興; pinyin: ōu dìng xīng) was born on 16 October 1980 in Taiwan. He is a Taiwanese actor and TV host. He graduated from Taipei Hwa Kang Arts School in 1998.

Ou is junior to other Taiwanese entertainers such as Barbie Hsu, whom he co-starred with in the Meteor Garden series, and Dee Hsu; and senior to Alien Huang, Rainie Yang, Genie Chuo and Cyndi Wang. He and Show Luo are disciples as TV hosts to Hu Gua.

Alien Huang
Alien Huang (28 November 1983 – 16 September 2020), also known as Xiao Gui (Little Ghost), was a Taiwanese singer, actor, television presenter, illustrator and fashion designer.

He was a member of Japanese TV Asahi's disbanded boy band HC3 in 2002 and Taiwanese Rock Records' disbanded boy band Cosmo (丸子) in 2003. He went on to release five solo albums and acted in movies and television dramas. He was known as the host of popular Taiwanese variety entertainment show 100% Entertainment, which he left in early 2016.

Huang was the founder and designer of AES (Alien Evolution Studio), a clothing brand which he established in 2008. He also published three illustration books.
Hylax
Hylax is a genus of leaf beetles in the subfamily Eumolpinae. It is distributed in Central America and South America.

The species Hylax bahiensis was recorded attacking clonal eucalyptus plantations and forest restoration areas between 2010 and 2013 in the states of Espírito Santo, Bahia and Minas Gerais in Brazil.

Eumolpinae
The Eumolpinae are a subfamily of the leaf beetles, or Chrysomelidae. It is one of the largest subfamilies of leaf beetles, including more than 500 genera and 7000 species. They are oval, and convex in form, and measure up to 10 mm in size. Typical coloration for this subfamily of beetles ranges from bright yellow to dark red. Many species are iridescent or brilliantly metallic blue or green in appearance.
University of San Diego School of Law
The University of San Diego School of Law (USD Law) is the law school of the University of San Diego, a private Roman Catholic research university in San Diego, California. Founded in 1954, the law school has held ABA approval since 1961. It joined the Association of American Law Schools (AALS) in 1966.

Tax law
Tax law or revenue law is an area of legal study in which public or sanctioned authorities, such as federal, state and municipal governments (as in the case of the US) use a body of rules and procedures (laws) to assess and collect taxes in a legal context. The rates and merits of the various taxes, imposed by the authorities, are attained via the political process inherent in these bodies of power, and not directly attributable to the actual domain of tax law itself.

Tax law is part of public law. It covers the application of existing tax laws on individuals, entities and corporations, in areas where tax revenue is derived or levied, e.g. income tax, estate tax, business tax, employment/payroll tax, property tax, gift tax and exports/imports tax. There have been some arguments that consumer law is a better way to engage in large-scale redistribution than tax law because it does not necessitate legislation and can be more efficient, given the complexities of tax law.: 213
Aleksey Afanas'ev
Aleksey Fyodorovich Afanas'ev (also Afanasiev or Afanasyev; (Russian: Алексе́й Фёдорович Афана́сьев; 30 November 1850 – 1920) was a Russian painter, graphic artist, caricaturist and illustrator. He was associated with the Peredvizhniki.

Peredvizhniki
Peredvizhniki (Russian: передви́жники, IPA: [pɪrɪˈdviʐnɪkɪ]), often called The Wanderers or The Itinerants in English, were a group of Russian realist artists who formed an artists' cooperative in protest of academic restrictions; it evolved into the Society for Travelling Art Exhibitions, in short Peredvizhniks, in 1870.
Thoracoepigastric vein
The thoracoepigastric vein runs superiorly within the subcutaneous tissue of the lateral aspect of the trunk between the superficial epigastric vein below and the lateral thoracic vein above and establishes an important communication between the femoral vein and axillary vein. This is an especially important vein when the inferior vena cava (IVC) becomes obstructed, by providing a means of collateral venous return.  It creates a cavocaval anastomosis by connecting with superficial epigastric veins arising from femoral vein just below inguinal ligament.

Axillary vein
In human anatomy, the axillary vein is a large blood vessel that conveys blood from the lateral aspect of the thorax, axilla (armpit) and upper limb toward the heart. There is one axillary vein on each side of the body.
Julia Sebutinde
Julia Sebutinde (born 28 February 1954) is a Ugandan jurist. She is currently serving her second term on the International Court of Justice (ICJ) following her re-election on 12 November 2020. She also is the current chancellor of Muteesa I Royal University, a university owned by the Buganda kingdom. She has been a judge on the court since March 2012. She is the first African woman to sit on the ICJ. Before being elected to the ICJ, Sebutinde was a judge of the Special Court for Sierra Leone. She was appointed to that position in 2007.

On 6 February 2024, Julia Sebutinde was elected Vice-President of the International Court of Justice. On 14 January 2025, she became the acting president upon president Nawaf Salam's resignation in accordance with the acting line of succession until Yuji Iwasawa's election as president on 3 March 2025.

Nawaf Salam
Nawaf Abdallah Salim Salam (Arabic: نوّاف عبد الله سليم سلام; born 15 December 1953) is a Lebanese politician, diplomat, jurist and academic who has been serving as the 53rd prime minister of Lebanon since 8 February 2025. Salam previously sat on the International Court of Justice (ICJ) for a nine-year term beginning in 2018, and additionally served as Lebanon's ambassador and permanent representative to the United Nations in New York from 2007 to 2017, during which time he held the positions of president of the Security Council and vice president of the General Assembly. In 2024, he was elected the 27th president of the ICJ, becoming the second Arab and the first Lebanese judge to hold the office. He resigned from the court after the parliament of Lebanon nominated him as prime minister.
Willibald Cernko
Willibald Cernko (born 7 July 1956 in Knittelfeld, Austria) is an Austrian bank manager and has served as a member of the management board of the Erste Group Bank AG, responsible for risk management (CRO), since 1 January 2017.

Bank Austria
UniCredit Bank Austria AG, branded and widely referred to as Bank Austria, is an Austrian bank, 99,9965% owned by Milan-based pan-European banking group UniCredit. Bank Austria was formed in 1991 by merger of Länderbank and Vienna's Zentralsparkasse, acquired Creditanstalt-Bankverein in 1997, and merged with it to form Bank Austria-Creditanstalt (BA-CA) in 2002. Its name reverted to Bank Austria in 2008, as UniCredit, the bank's owner since 2005, phased out the history-laden Creditanstalt brand.