hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cartographic design
Cartographic design or map design is the process of crafting the appearance of a map, applying the principles of design and knowledge of how maps are used to create a map that has both aesthetic appeal and practical function. It shares this dual goal with almost all forms of design; it also shares with other design, especially graphic design, the three skill sets of artistic talent, scientific reasoning, and technology. As a discipline, it integrates design, geography, and geographic information science.

Arthur H. Robinson, considered the father of cartography as an academic research discipline in the United States, stated that a map not properly designed "will be a cartographic failure." He also claimed, when considering all aspects of cartography, that "map design is perhaps the most complex."

Applied aesthetics
Applied aesthetics is the application of the branch of philosophy of aesthetics to cultural constructs. In a variety of fields, artifacts (whether physical or abstract) are created that have both practical functionality and aesthetic affectation. In some cases, aesthetics is primary, and in others, functionality is primary. At best, the two needs are synergistic, in which "beauty" makes an artifact work better, or in which more functional artifacts are appreciated as aesthetically pleasing. This achievement of form and function, of art and science, of beauty and usefulness, is the primary goal of design, in all of its domains.
1995 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The 1995 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held in Duisburg, Germany for the third time. The German city had hosted the event previously in 1979 and 1987 when it was part of West Germany.

The men's competition consisted of nine Canadian (single paddle, open boat) and nine kayak events. Six events were held for the women, all in kayak.

This was the 27th championships in canoe sprint.

1979 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The 1979 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held in Duisburg, West Germany.

The men's competition consisted of six Canadian (single paddle, open boat) and nine kayak events. Three events were held for the women, all in kayak.

This was the fifteenth championships in canoe sprint. It was where an incident later referred to as The Česiunas Affair took place when Soviet-born Lithuanian canoer Vladas Česiūnas appeared at the event as a spectator only to vanish. The West German government claimed Česiunas had defected, but the former canoer had returned to the Soviet Union voluntarily several weeks later. During Česiunas' disappearance, he would speak in favor of the 1980 Summer Olympics boycott, more than two months before the Soviet–Afghan War, but later returned to the Soviet Embassy in Bonn. The Soviets toned down their rhetoric about Česiunas' "disappearance" in the West and changed his mind all the while West Germany continued to maintain that he had been kidnapped.
Francis S. Gabreski Airport
Francis S. Gabreski Airport (IATA: FOK, ICAO: KFOK, FAA LID: FOK) is a county-owned, joint civil-military airport located 3 nautical miles (6 km) north of the central business district of Westhampton Beach, in Suffolk County, New York, United States. It is approximately 80 miles (130 km) east of New York City, on Long Island.

Known as Suffolk County Air Force Base until 1969, then Suffolk County Airport until 1991, when it was renamed in honor of Colonel Francis S. Gabreski, USAF (Retired), a U.S. Army Air Forces flying ace in World War II who, as a U.S. Air Force officer, was later the commander of the 52nd Fighter-Interceptor Wing at Suffolk County Air Force Base from 1964 through November 1967, when he retired.

The airport is both a general aviation facility utilized by corporate businesses, private aviation and air taxi services, and an Air National Guard (ANG) base for the 106th Rescue Wing (106 RQW), an Air Combat Command (ACC)-gained unit of the New York Air National Guard.

New York Air National Guard
The New York Air National Guard (NY ANG) is the aerial militia of the U.S. state of New York. It is an element of the New York National Guard as part of the larger Air National Guard, a reservist force under the command of the United States Air Force.

As state militia units, the units in the New York Air National Guard are not in the normal United States Air Force chain of command.  They are under the jurisdiction of the governor of New York through the office of the New York adjutant general unless they are activated for federal service by order of the president of the United States.  The New York Air National Guard is headquartered at Stratton Air National Guard Base, Glenville, New York, and its current commander is Major General Timothy J. LaBarge.
Fort Juniata Crossing
Fort Juniata Crossing, also known as Fort Juniata or simply Juniata Crossing, was a British French and Indian War era fortification located along the Forbes Road, near a strategic ford of the Raystown Branch of the Juniata River about 2.4 miles (3.9 km) west of the current site of Breezewood, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1758 as a fortified supply depot, to support the British Army during the Forbes Expedition. After the campaign, it fell into disrepair and was abandoned in 1763.

Fort Lyttleton (Pennsylvania)
Fort Lyttleton (also spelled Lyttelton and Littleton)  was a militia stockade located in the colonial Province of Pennsylvania.  Its site was about a mile from Fort Littleton, Pennsylvania, near Dublin Township, in what is now Fulton County, Pennsylvania.  Active from 1755 until 1763, the stockade was initially garrisoned by 75 Pennsylvania troops but at times had as many as 225. It was in use until 1759, then abandoned and reoccupied briefly in 1763 during Pontiac's War.
Zhou Xinfang
Zhou Xinfang (14 January 1895 – 8 March 1975), also known by his stage name Qilin Tong (meaning "Qilin Boy") was a Chinese actor and musician who was a Peking opera actor who specialized in its "old male" (老生, laosheng) roles. He is considered one of the greatest grand masters of Peking Opera of the 20th century and the best known and leading member of the Shanghai school of Peking opera. He was the first director of the Shanghai Peking Opera Company.

Over 650 Peking Operas performed by Zhou have been identified by the Zhou Xinfang Arts Research Centre in China by 2015, topping all actors in recorded Chinese performing arts history in terms of known number of repertoire titles. One of his operas, Hai Rui Submits His Memorial, was regarded as an attack on Chairman Mao Zedong,  for which he was persecuted during the Cultural Revolution.

Qilin
The qilin (English: /tʃiˈlɪn/ chee-LIN; Chinese: 麒麟; pinyin: qílín) is a legendary hooved chimerical creature that appears in Chinese mythology, and is said to appear with the imminent arrival or death of a sage or illustrious ruler. Qilin are a specific type of the lin mythological family of one-horned beasts. The qilin also appears in the mythologies of other Chinese-influenced cultures.
Steve Ancheta
Steve Ancheta (born September 10, 1969, in Portland, Oregon) is a former U.S. soccer defender who played two seasons in the Western Soccer Alliance. Ancheta is currently the head girls coach at Portland Christian High School.

Western Soccer Alliance
The Western Soccer Alliance was a professional soccer league featuring teams from the West Coast of the United States and Western Canada.  The league began in 1985 as the Western Alliance Challenge Series.  In 1986, it became the Western Soccer Alliance.  In 1989, it existed for a single year as the Western Soccer League before merging with the American Soccer League to form the American Professional Soccer League in 1990.
Babaoshan station
Babaoshan station (simplified Chinese: 八宝山站; traditional Chinese: 八寶山站; pinyin: Bābǎoshān zhàn) is a station on Line 1 of the Beijing Subway. It is named after Babaoshan Subdistrict in Shijingshan District, Beijing, where the station located in. It is located near the Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery.

Between February 15 and May 30, 2026, due to facilitation works on Line 1 Branch at Bajiao Amusement Park, the station is closed due to not having a crossing line for train turnback before Bajiao Amusement Park, therefore the station was closed along with Gucheng station and is expected to reopen on May 31, 2026.

Bajiao Amusement Park station
Bajiao Amusement Park station (simplified Chinese: 八角游乐园站; traditional Chinese: 八角遊樂園站; pinyin: Bājiǎo Yóulèyuán Zhàn) is a station on Line 1 of the Beijing Subway. It is near Beijing Shijingshan Amusement Park. The station has closed for reconstruction on June 2, 2025 to facilitate work on the Line 1 Branch Line, and will not reopen until May 3, 2027.
DuBiel Arms Company
The DuBiel Arms Company was established in 1975 by Joseph T. DuBiel and John Tyson in Sherman, Texas, United States. The company produced premium centerfire bolt-action rifles, manufactured in the US with emphasis on the use of high-quality materials and master-craftmanship. The company ceased operations in the late 1980s. The largest collection of DuBiel rifles today is in the collection of the Cody Firearms Museum of the Buffalo Bill Historical Center in Cody, Wyoming.

Buffalo Bill Center of the West
The Buffalo Bill Center of the West, formerly known as the Buffalo Bill Historical Center, is a complex of five museums and a research library featuring art and artifacts of the American West located in Cody, Wyoming. The five museums are the Buffalo Bill Museum, Plains Indians Museum, Whitney Western Art Museum, Draper Natural History Museum, and Cody Firearms Museum. Founded in 1917 to preserve the legacy and vision of Col. William F. "Buffalo Bill" Cody, the Buffalo Bill Center of the West is the oldest and most comprehensive museum complex of the West.
Colitis
Colitis is swelling or inflammation of the large intestine (colon). Colitis may be acute and self-limited or long-term. It broadly fits into the category of digestive diseases.

In a medical context, the label colitis (without qualification) is used if:

The cause of the inflammation in the colon is undetermined; for example, colitis may be applied to Crohn's disease at a time when the diagnosis is unknown, or

The context is clear; for example, an individual with ulcerative colitis is talking about their disease with a physician who knows the diagnosis.

Diagnosis
Diagnosis (pl.: diagnoses) is the identification of the nature and cause of a certain phenomenon. Diagnosis is used in a lot of different disciplines, with variations in the use of logic, analytics, and experience, to determine "cause and effect". In systems engineering and computer science, it is typically used to determine the causes of symptoms, mitigations, and solutions.
Vibeke Stensrud
Vibeke Stensrud (born 29 September 1973) is a Norwegian professional golfer. She won the 1993 European Ladies Amateur Championship and played on the Ladies European Tour between 1997 and 2005, with two runner-up finishes.

Ladies European Tour
The Ladies European Tour is a professional golf tour for women which was founded in 1978. Most of the players on the tour are European, with members from more than 40 countries internationally. Despite its name, the tour also has tournaments in Africa, Asia, North America and Oceania.

The organization is based at Buckinghamshire Golf Club near London in England. Like many British-based sports organisations it is a company limited by guarantee, a legal structure which enables it to focus on maximising returns to its members through prize money, rather than on making profits for investors. The tour is run by a board of directors and a Players' Council.
Stony Creek–Thimble Islands Historic District
The Stony Creek–Thimble Islands Historic District is a historic district encompassing a 19th-century summer resort area in Branford, Connecticut.  Located in the southeastern part of the town, it encompasses the mainland Stony Creek neighborhood, and all of the major Thimble Islands which lie offshore from Stony Creek in Long Island Sound.  The district includes a well-preserved array of domestic summer resort architecture spanning more than a century preceding World War II, as well as worker housing and other artifacts related to the area's brief importance as a granite quarry.  The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

Long Island Sound
Long Island Sound is a marine sound and tidal estuary of the Atlantic Ocean. It lies predominantly between the U.S. state of Connecticut to the north and Long Island in New York state to the south. From west to east, the sound stretches 110 mi (180 km) from the East River and the Throgs Neck Bridge in New York City, along the North Shore of Long Island, to Block Island Sound. The sound forms part of the Intracoastal Waterway.

A mix of freshwater from tributaries, and saltwater from the Atlantic Ocean, Long Island Sound is 21 miles (34 km) at its widest point and varies in depth from 65 to 230 feet (20 to 70 m).
Paleoencephalon
In the anatomy of animals, paleoencephalon refers to most regions in the brain that are not part of the neocortex or neoencephalon.

The paleoencephalon is the phylogenetically oldest part of the animal brain. Paleoenchepheal areas of older species are larger in proportion to overall brain volume as compared to those of mammals.
The Paleocortex is a type of thin, primitive cortical tissue that consists of three to five cortical laminae. In comparison, the neocortex has six layers and the archicortex has three or four layers.

Archicortex
The archicortex, or archipallium, is the phylogenetically second oldest region of the brain's cerebral cortex (the oldest is the paleocortex). In older species, such as fish, the archipallium makes up most of the cerebrum. Amphibians develop an archipallium and paleopallium.

In humans, the archicortex makes up the three cortical layers of the hippocampus. It has fewer cortical layers than both the neocortex, which has six, and the paleocortex, which has either four or five. The archicortex, along with the paleocortex and periallocortex, is a subtype of allocortex. Because the number of cortical layers that make up a type of cortical tissue seems to be directly proportional to both the information-processing capabilities of that tissue and its phylogenetic age, the archicortex is thought to be the oldest and most basic type of cortical tissue.
Amblygonite
Amblygonite (/æmˈblɪɡəˌnaɪt/) is a fluorophosphate mineral, (Li,Na)AlPO4(F,OH), composed of lithium, sodium, aluminium, phosphate, fluoride and hydroxide. The mineral occurs in pegmatite deposits and is easily mistaken for albite and other feldspars. Its density, cleavage and flame test for lithium are diagnostic. Amblygonite forms a series with montebrasite, the low fluorine endmember. Geologic occurrence is in granite pegmatites, high-temperature tin veins, and greisens. Amblygonite occurs with spodumene, apatite, lepidolite, tourmaline, and other lithium-bearing minerals in pegmatite veins. It contains about 10% lithium, and has been utilized as a source of lithium. The chief commercial sources have historically been the deposits of California and France.

Spodumene
Spodumene is a pyroxene mineral consisting of lithium aluminium inosilicate, LiAl(SiO3)2, and is a commercially important source of lithium. It occurs as colorless to yellowish, purplish, or lilac kunzite (see below), or alternatively yellowish-green or emerald-green hiddenite; it takes the form of prismatic crystals, often of great size. Single crystals of 14.3 m (47 ft) in size are reported from the Black Hills of South Dakota, United States.

The naturally occurring low-temperature form α-spodumene is in the monoclinic system, and the high-temperature β-spodumene crystallizes in the tetragonal system. α-Spodumene converts to β-spodumene at temperatures above 900 °C. Typically crystals are heavily striated along the principal axis. Crystal faces are often etched and pitted with triangular markings.
Elsternwick
Elsternwick is an inner suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 9 km south-east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Glen Eira local government area. Elsternwick recorded a population of 10,887 at the 2021 census.

Local government areas of Victoria
This is a list of local government areas (LGAs) in Victoria, sorted by region.

Also referred to as municipalities, the 79 Victorian LGAs are classified as cities (34), shires (38), rural cities (6) and boroughs (1). In general, an urban or suburban LGA is called a city and is governed by a city council, while a rural LGA covering a larger rural area is usually called a shire and is governed by a shire council. Local councils have the same administrative functions and similar political structures, regardless of their classification.

Local elections are held in Victoria every four years with the most recent elections held in 2024.
Robert Ballard (athlete)
Robert John Ballard (born 25 September 1964) is a former Australian track and field athlete. He represented Australia at both the Olympic Games and the Commonwealth Games.

At the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea, he teamed up with Mark Garner, Miles Murphy and Darren Clark to make the final of the 4 × 400 metres relay where they finished sixth.

At the 1990 Commonwealth Games in Auckland, New Zealand, he teamed up with Leigh Miller, Mark Garner and Robert Stone where they were disqualified in the second heat in the 4 × 400 metres relay.

On 23 August 2000, Ballard was awarded the Australian Sports Medal for his athletic achievements.

Ballard won the 120 metres Wangaratta Gift at the Wangaratta Showgrounds in 1989 and 2006.

Miles Murphy
Miles Murphy (born 19 May 1967) is an Australian former sprinter who competed in the 1988 Summer Olympics. At the 1986 Commonwealth Games he won a silver medal in the 4 x 400 metres relay.

He became chief executive officer of the Australian Paralympic Committee in December 2008. He left the role in January 2010.
Model Shop (film)
Model Shop is a 1969 romantic drama film written, directed and produced by Jacques Demy, starring Anouk Aimée, Gary Lockwood and Alexandra Hay, and featuring a guest appearance by Spirit who recorded the accompanying soundtrack. Demy made Model Shop, which was his first English-language film, following the international success of his film The Umbrellas of Cherbourg (1964). Aimée reprises the title role from Demy's 1961 French-language film Lola.

Model Shop makes explicit the fact that Demy's films take place in the same narrative universe. It weaves together the plots of Lola, The Umbrellas of Cherbourg and Bay of Angels (1963).

Spirit (band)
Spirit was an American rock band founded in 1967 and based in Los Angeles. Their most commercially successful single in the United States was "I Got a Line on You". They were also known for their albums, including their self-titled debut album, The Family That Plays Together, Clear, and Twelve Dreams of Dr. Sardonicus.
Nick Driver
Nick Driver is an American rock and Americana singer-songwriter, based in North Carolina.

In 2010, he released his debut solo album, Warm Is Your Color, which had a top-ten song hit on Sirius XM's The Coffee House radio station. Wildy's World stated about Warm Is Your Color that "Driver looks to bring the energy of punk to the finesse and precision of pop music." He has released several full-length albums and singles since, and his songs have been featured on the television shows Bad Girls Club: Atlanta, Kourtney and Kim Take Miami, The Real World: St. Thomas, and The Real World: Portland. On September 9, 2014, he released the EP Staring at My Ceiling in the Dark.

Driver tours and records as part of The Nick Driver Band, which has appeared at festivals such as FloydFest.

In 2011, he was nominated at the John Lennon International Songwriting Contest for folk, and in 2012, he was nominated for Humanitarian Songwriter of the Year at the Las Vegas Music Awards.

Kourtney and Kim Take Miami
Kourtney and Kim Take Miami (titled Kourtney and Khloé Take Miami for its first two seasons) is an American reality television series. It premiered on E! on August 16, 2009, as the first Keeping Up with the Kardashians spin-off. The series originally followed sisters Kourtney and Khloé Kardashian as they opened a second D-A-S-H location in Miami Beach, Florida. From the third season, sister Kim Kardashian replaced Khloé, who had other work commitments. The third season began filming in October 2012, and premiered on January 20, 2013.

A web series spin-off was created during the third season, titled Lord Disick: Lifestyles of a Lord, the series showcases Disick as he informs viewers on how to live like a "king".
Treaty of Tellico
The Treaty With The Cherokee, 1798, also known as the First Treaty of Tellico, was signed on October 2, 1798, in the Overhill Cherokee settlement of Great Tellico near Tellico Blockhouse in Tennessee.  This treaty served as an addendum to the Treaty of Holston and was the only treaty between the United States and Native Americans executed during the administration of President John Adams.

The treaty was signed by Thomas Butler and George Walton, commissioners of the United States, and some thirty-nine Cherokee chiefs and warriors, in the presence of Silas Dinsmoor, Agent of the United States among the Cherokee, and thirteen other witnesses, including Charles R. Hicks, who served as interpreter.

Cherokee leaders present included Bloody Fellow, Little Turkey, Taken Out of Water, Doublehead, and Tahlonteskee.

Treaty of Holston
The Treaty of Holston (or Treaty of the Holston) was a treaty between the United States government and the Cherokee signed on July 2, 1791, and proclaimed on February 7, 1792.  It was negotiated and signed by William Blount, governor of the Southwest Territory and superintendent of Indian affairs for the southern district of the United States, and various representatives of the Cherokee peoples, most notably John Watts. The treaty established terms of relations between the United States and the Cherokee; that the Cherokee tribes were to fall under the protection of the United States, with the United States managing all future foreign affairs for all the loosely affiliated Cherokee tribes.

A monument to the treaty, erected in 1997, is located on the banks of the Tennessee River in downtown Knoxville, Tennessee, where the treaty was negotiated.
Ch'oe Ch'unghŏn
Ch'oe Ch'unghŏn (Korean: 최충헌; Hanja: 崔忠獻; 1149 – 29 October 1219) was a military ruler of Korea during the Goryeo period. After overthrowing the previous military ruler, Yi Ŭimin, Ch'oe consolidated his power through purges and presented reform measures known as 'Bongsa Sipjo' (封事十條). To maintain control, he created a dual administration, with private government institutions and private military forces answering directly to him, while maintaining the government structures of the old dynastic regime and limiting its authority. His power was so immense that he replaced four kings and established a power base that maintained the Ch'oe family's military regime for over 60 years.

Kyŏng Taesŭng
Kyŏng Taesŭng (Korean: 경대승; Hanja: 慶大升; 1154 – 4 August 1183 was a military official of the mid-Goryeo period who lived from 1154 (the 8th year of King Uijong's reign) to 1183 (the 13th year of King Myeongjong's reign). He became the third dictator of the Goryeo military regime that emerged after the 1170 military coup. At the age of 26, in 1179 (the 9th year of King Myeongjong), he removed the then-powerful Chŏng Chungbu and seized control, ruling for about four years. His rule is often seen as distinct from those of other military rulers before and after him. Unlike other military leaders—Yi Ŭibang, Chŏng Chungbu, Yi Ŭimin, the Ch'oe family rulers, and the final military leaders Kim Chun and Im Yŏn — who appear in the "Rebels" section of the Goryeosa (History of Goryeo), Kyŏng Taesŭng's biography appears in the general biographical section, showing a more favorable evaluation.