hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Obi (martial arts)
Many Japanese martial arts feature an obi (Japanese: 帯) as part of their exercise outfit. Such an obi is often made of thick cotton and is about 5 cm (2 in) wide. The martial arts obi are most often worn in the koma-musubi knot (square knot); in practice where a hakama is worn, the obi is tied in other ways.

In many martial arts, the colour of the obi signifies the wearer's skill level. Such colours usually start from white for beginners and end in black or red-and-white for masters.

Kyū
Kyū (Japanese: 級, [kʲɯː]) is a Japanese term used in modern martial arts as well as in tea ceremony, flower arranging, Go, shogi, academic tests and other similar activities to designate various grades, levels or degrees of proficiency or experience. In Mandarin Chinese, the same character 級 is pronounced jí, and the term is used for academic tests. In Korea, the term geup (급, 級) is used (also transliterated as gup or kup). In Vietnamese martial arts, it is known as cấp (khớp).
She Died
She Died is a Filipino comic series written by Wattpad author HaveYouSeenThisGirl and illustrated by Enjelicious. The original, unedited story was first posted on the online literary site Wattpad. The story was the first one to get its own Filipino manga/comic adaptation.

Wattpad
Wattpad is a popular website for both reading and publishing original fiction and connecting with fellow writers and readers. Its most popular genres are romance, teen fiction, and fan fiction. As of September 2023, Wattpad has a global audience of more than 90 million users, the majority of whom are younger women. There are over 665 million story uploads in total.

Some stories originally published on Wattpad have been adapted into mainstream novels, TV series, and films, including After and The Kissing Booth series. In January 2019, Wattpad launched its own publishing division, Wattpad Books, to simplify publishing for authors. In January 2021, The Coumpany, Naver Corporation announced that it would acquire Wattpad, and the deal was completed in May 2021.
Chaim Chaykl of Amdur
Chaim Chaykl (Chaika) Levin of Amdur (Hebrew: חיים חייקל (חייקא) לוין מאמדור; c. 1730 – March 13, 1787), also known as the Amdurer Rebbe, was an 18th-century Hasidic rebbe and author who is amongst the earliest founders of Lithuanian Hasidism. A leading disciple of Dov Ber of Mezeritch, in 1773 he founded the Amdur Hasidic dynasty in Indura, Belarus where he faced fierce opposition from local Misnagdim. Despite this, Chaim Chaykl would go on to lay the foundation for several important Hasidic principles. His Divrei Torah was posthumously published in 1891 in Warsaw under the title "Chaim V'Chesed", which is now an important Hasidic work.

Torah study
Torah study is the study of the Torah, Hebrew Bible, Talmud, responsa, rabbinic literature, and similar works, all of which are Judaism's religious texts. According to Rabbinic Judaism, the study is done for the purpose of the mitzvah ("commandment") of Torah study itself.

This practice is present to an extent in all religious branches of Judaism, and is considered of paramount importance among religious Jews. Torah study has evolved over the generations, as lifestyles changed and also as new texts were written.
Ramstad, Trøndelag
Ramstad (Old Norse: Hrafnista) is a small farming village in Nærøysund Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The village is located about half-way between the villages of Abelvær and Steine on an island near the mouth of the Foldafjord.

It was the home of a family from which came several heroes in a group of legendary sagas called the Hrafnistumannasögur. The islands of Nærøy were an old central meeting place, not only for the people of Namdalen, but also for people from neighbouring districts.

Steine, Trøndelag
Steine is a village in Nærøysund Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The village is located along the Foldafjord, just northeast of the island village of Abelvær. The Steine Chapel is located here, and it serves this area of the municipality.
Scrivelsby
Scrivelsby is a village and ecclesiastical parish in the East Lindsey district of the County of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated  2 miles (3.2 km) south of Horncastle and is on the B1183 road 1 mile (1.6 km) east from the A153 road. It is administered by the civil parish of Mareham on the Hill.

Historically the manor was held by  grand serjeanty, a form of feudal tenure which required the performance of a ceremonial service rather than a money payment – in this case as the King's Champion.

Horncastle
Horncastle is a market town and civil parish in the East Lindsey district in Lincolnshire, England. It is 17 miles (27 km) east of Lincoln. Its population was 6,815 at the 2011 census, growing to an estimated 7,123 in 2019 and recorded as 7,291 in the 2021 census. A section of the ancient Roman walls remains.
Irene Sciriha
Irene Sciriha Aquilina is a Maltese mathematician specializing in spectral graph theory and chemical graph theory. A particular topic of her research has been the singular graphs, graphs whose adjacency matrix is a singular matrix, and the nut graphs, singular graphs all of whose nontrivial induced subgraphs are non-singular. She is a professor of mathematics at the University of Malta. She is a Fellow of the Institute of Combinatorics and its Applications.

Adjacency matrix
In graph theory and computer science, an adjacency matrix is a square matrix used to represent a finite graph. The elements of the matrix indicate whether pairs of vertices are adjacent or not within the graph.

In the special case of a finite simple graph, the adjacency matrix is a (0,1)-matrix with zeros on its diagonal. If the graph is undirected (i.e. all of its edges are bidirectional), the adjacency matrix is symmetric. 
The relationship between a graph and the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of its adjacency matrix is studied in spectral graph theory.

The adjacency matrix of a graph should be distinguished from its incidence matrix, a different matrix representation whose elements indicate whether vertex–edge pairs are incident or not, and its degree matrix, which contains information about the degree of each vertex.
Secologanin
Secologanin is a secoiridoid monoterpene synthesized from geranyl pyrophosphate in the mevalonate pathway. Secologanin then proceeds with dopamine or tryptamine to form ipecac and terpene indole alkaloids, respectively.

Mevalonate pathway
The mevalonate pathway, also known as the isoprenoid pathway or HMG-CoA reductase pathway is an essential metabolic pathway present in eukaryotes, archaea, and some bacteria. The pathway produces two five-carbon building blocks called isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP), which are used to make isoprenoids, a diverse class of over 30,000 biomolecules such as cholesterol, vitamin K, coenzyme Q10, and all steroid hormones.

The mevalonate pathway begins with acetyl-CoA and ends with the production of IPP and DMAPP. It is best known as the target of statins, a class of cholesterol lowering drugs. Statins inhibit HMG-CoA reductase within the mevalonate pathway.
Paul Friedländer (chemist)
Paul Friedländer (29 August 1857 – 4 September 1923) was a German chemist best known for his research on derivates of indigo (for example thioindigo) and isolation of Tyrian purple from Murex brandaris.

Bolinus brandaris
Bolinus brandaris (originally called Murex brandaris by Linnaeus and also Haustellum brandaris), and commonly known as the purple dye murex or the spiny dye-murex, is a species of medium-sized predatory sea snail, an edible marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or the rock snails.

This species is known in the fossil record from the Pliocene (age range: from 3.6 to 2.588 million years ago). Fossil shells of this species have been found in Cyprus, Spain and Italy. It was used by the Phoenicians in ancient times to extract imperial Tyrian purple dye.
Eltek
Eltek is a brand of electric power conversion products for telecommunications and industrial applications, marketed as part of Delta Electronics. The products are developed and sold by Delta Electronics (Norway) AS, which is based in Drammen, Norway. As of 2018, Eltek had approximately 2000 employees, with offices in 40 countries.

Delta Electronics
Delta Electronics, Inc. (Chinese: 台達電子; also known as DELTA or Delta Electronics) is a Taiwanese electronics manufacturing company. Its headquarters are in Neihu, Taipei. It is known for its DC industrial and computer fans, data center rectifiers and switching power supplies. The company operates approximately 200 facilities worldwide, including manufacturing, sales, and R&D centers.
Ernest Marples
Alfred Ernest Marples, Baron Marples, PC (9 December 1907 – 6 July 1978) was a British Conservative politician who served as Postmaster General (1957–1959) and Minister of Transport (1959–1964).

As Postmaster General, he oversaw the introduction of the Premium Bond scheme and of postcodes. His period as Minister of Transport was controversial. He both oversaw significant road construction (he opened the first section of the M1 motorway) and the closure of a considerable portion of the national railway network with the Beeching cuts. His involvement in the road construction business Marples Ridgway, of which he had been managing director, led to concerns regarding conflict of interest. In later life, Marples was elevated to the peerage before fleeing to Monaco at very short notice to avoid prosecution for tax fraud.

Secretary of State for Transport
The secretary of state for transport, also referred to as the transport secretary, is a secretary of state in the Government of the United Kingdom, with overall responsibility for the policies of the Department for Transport. The incumbent is a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom.

The office holder works alongside the other transport ministers. The corresponding shadow minister is the shadow secretary of state for transport, and the secretary of state is also scrutinised by the Transport Select Committee.

The position of secretary of state for transport is held by Heidi Alexander, who was appointed by Keir Starmer following the resignation of Louise Haigh.
The Good Mother (2023 film)
The Good Mother is a 2023 American crime thriller film directed by Miles Joris-Peyrafitte and co-written with Madison Harrison. It stars Hilary Swank, Olivia Cooke, Jack Reynor and Hopper Penn.

The film was released by Vertical Entertainment on September 1, 2023.

Jack Reynor
Jack Reynor (born 23 January 1992) is an Irish actor. His notable roles include the films What Richard Did (2012), Transformers: Age of Extinction (2014), Glassland (2014), Macbeth (2015), Sing Street (2016) and Midsommar (2019), as well as the series Strange Angel (2018–2019) and The Peripheral (2022).
Lev Polugaevsky
Lev Abramovich Polugaevsky (Russian: Лев Абрамович Полугаевский, IPA: [pəlʊɡɐˈjefskʲɪj]; 20 November 1934 – 30 August 1995) was a Soviet chess player. He was awarded the title of International Grandmaster by FIDE in 1962 and was a frequent contender for the World Championship, although he never achieved that title. He was one of the strongest players in the world from the early 1960s until the late 1980s, as well as a distinguished author and opening theorist whose contributions in this field remain important to the present day.

Miguel Najdorf
Miguel Najdorf (/naɪdɔːrf/ NY-dorf; born Mojsze Mendel Najdorf; 15 April 1910 – 4 July 1997) was a Polish-Argentine chess grandmaster. Originally from Poland, he was in Argentina when World War II began in 1939, and he stayed and settled there. He was a leading world player in the 1940s and 1950s, and is also known for the Najdorf Variation, one of the most popular chess openings.
Pago Los Cerrillos
39°03′26.8″N 3°1′25″W﻿ / ﻿39.057444°N 3.02361°W﻿ / 39.057444; -3.02361

Pago Los Cerrillos is a branch of Montalvo Wilmot Wineries, a Spanish winery in Castilla–La Mancha, Spain. The Pago Los Cerrillos branch uses the Vino de Pago wine appellation, a classification for Spanish wine applied to individual vineyards or wine estates, unlike the Denominación de Origen Protegida (DOP) or Denominación de Origen Calificada (DOCa) which is applied to an entire wine region. The Pago Los Cerrillos was formed as a Vino de Pago in 2019, and geographically it lies within the extent of the La Mancha DOP appellation. The Montalvo Wilmot Wineries also produce Spanish wines under the Vino de la Tierra de Castilla (IGP) appellation.

Castilla (Vino de la Tierra)
Castilla is a Spanish geographical indication for Vino de la Tierra wines located in the autonomous region of Castilla-La Mancha. Vino de la Tierra is one step below the mainstream Denominación de Origen indication on the Spanish wine quality ladder.

The area covered by this geographical indication comprises all the municipalities in Castilla-La Mancha.

It acquired its Vino de la Tierra status in 1999.
Phoenix Industries
Phoenix Industries, Inc. was an American aircraft manufacturer based in Southampton, New Jersey. The company specialized in the design and manufacture of powered parachutes and paramotors in the form of ready-to-fly aircraft in the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles category.

The company produced a powered paraglider, the Phoenix Industries B1Z ParaFlyer of which ten had been sold by 2000, and three powered parachute designs, the Phoenix Industries CV1 ParaFlyer, Phoenix Industries TZ-1 ParaFlyer and the Phoenix Industries Sport. A total of 15 CV1 ParaFlyers and 16 Sports had been sold by 2005. All designs were single-seaters.

The company seems to have been established c. 1997 and gone out of business about 2005.

Powered paragliding
Powered paragliding, also known as paramotoring or PPG, is a form of ultralight aviation where the pilot wears a back-pack motor (a paramotor) which provides enough thrust to take off using a paraglider. It can be launched in still air, and on level ground, by the pilot alone—no assistance is required.
Mohawk & Headphone Jack
Mohawk & Headphone Jack (alternately written as Mo Hawk & Headphone Jack) is a 1996 2D rotational game released for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System.

The game was developed by American studio Solid Software, published by THQ and distributed by Electro Source. It was programmed by industry veteran D. Scott Williamson. The game spins around and around wildly in a circle, also changing the rotation of the map, and making it difficult to continue in the right direction. Rock music plays in the background as one or two players attempt to negotiate a treacherous series of platforms throughout the game's 14 levels. The game's likeness was based on Sonic the Hedgehog.

Bubsy in Claws Encounters of the Furred Kind
Bubsy in: Claws Encounters of the Furred Kind, often shortened to Bubsy, is a 1993 platform game developed and published by Accolade for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. A port to the Sega Genesis was released months later. It is the first entry in the Bubsy series of video games. The game's title is a play on words in reference to the film Close Encounters of the Third Kind, with the game revolving around Bubsy defending the planet's supply of yarn balls from alien invaders.

The game was ported to Windows in 1997 under the title Super Bubsy. A sequel, Bubsy II, was released in 1994.
Geography of Aruba
The geography of Aruba, located at the juncture of the South American and Caribbean tectonic plates, has been shaped by a complex interplay of geological processes. From its flat expanses to its rugged coastlines, Aruba's geography and geology reveal the island's geographical diversity and its underlying geological formations, offering a comprehensive understanding of Aruba's terrain and environmental dynamics of this Caribbean destination.

Bubali Bird Sanctuary
The Bubali Bird Sanctuary (Dutch: Bubali vogelreservaat) form a 20 ha wetland area at the north-western end of the island of Aruba, a constituent country of the Dutch Caribbean. It has been identified as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it and its surrounding vegetation support populations of a variety of birds, including threatened and restricted-range species as well as large seasonal numbers of migratory waders and neotropical passerines. Originally created as a wastewater treatment facility, the wetland is threatened by encroachment of aquatic vegetation decreasing the area of open water.
1236 Thaïs
1236 Thaïs /ˈθeɪ.ɪs/ (prov. designation: 1931 VX) is a dark background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt. The rare T-type asteroid has a notably long rotation period of 72 hours and measures approximately 18 kilometers (11 miles). It was discovered on 6 November 1931, by Soviet astronomer Grigory Neujmin at Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula, and named after the ancient Greek prostitute Thaïs.

Thaïs
Thaïs (/ˈθaɪs/; Greek: Θαΐς; fl. 4th century BCE) was a Greek hetaira who accompanied Alexander the Great on his military campaigns. Likely from Athens, she is most famous for having instigated the burning of Persepolis, the capital city of the Achaemenid Persian Empire, after it was conquered by Alexander's army in 330 BCE. At the time, Thaïs was the lover of Ptolemy I Soter, who was one of Alexander's close companions and generals. It has been suggested that she may also have been Alexander's lover on the basis of a statement by the Greek rhetorician Athenaeus, who writes that Alexander liked to "keep Thaïs about him" without directly classifying the nature of their relationship as intimate; this may simply have meant that he enjoyed her company, as she is said to have been very witty and entertaining. Athenaeus also states that after Alexander's death in 323 BCE, Thaïs married Ptolemy and bore three of his children.
Scott Ranger
Scott Ranger (born June 21, 1983, in Nanaimo, British Columbia) is a former professional Canadian lacrosse player who played for the Calgary Roughnecks and San Jose Stealth in the National Lacrosse League.

Ranger was drafted by the San Jose Stealth in 2003, but only played nine games over two seasons. Ranger signed with the Calgary Roughnecks before the 2007 season, and led the team in scoring in his first season.

Ranger is also the team captain for the Victoria Shamrocks in the WLA. Ranger was named league MVP in 2011, and team MVP in both 2011 and 2012, when he led not only his former Nanaimo Timbermen team but the league in scoring.

Calgary Roughnecks
The Calgary Roughnecks are a Canadian professional box lacrosse team based in Calgary, Alberta, that competes in the National Lacrosse League (NLL). The team plays its home games at Scotiabank Saddledome. The team name is derived from the roughnecks who work drilling rigs in Alberta's oil and gas industry.  The team is affectionately known by fans as the Riggers.

The Roughnecks were founded in 2001, their first season was 2002, and they have qualified for the post-season every year from 2003 to 2016.  They have won three division championships (2005, 2009, 2011) and have captured the NLL Cup as NLL champions three times.  Calgary won all three titles on their home floor, defeating the Buffalo Bandits in 2004, the New York Titans in 2009, and the Bandits again in 2019.
Sarah Dines
Sarah Elizabeth Dines (born 27 May 1965) is a British Conservative Party politician who was Member of Parliament (MP) for Derbyshire Dales from 2019 to 2024. She served as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Safeguarding from October 2022 to November 2023. She served as Lord Commissioner of the Treasury from September to October 2022.

Derbyshire Dales (UK Parliament constituency)
Derbyshire Dales (/ˈdɑːrbiʃɪər, -ʃər, deɪlz/ DAR-bee-sheer, -⁠shər) is a constituency that has been represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2024 by John Whitby of the Labour Party. The constituency was created for the 2010 general election.
Dem language
Dem (Lem, Ndem) is a divergent Papuan language of West New Guinea. Although Palmer (2018) leaves it unclassified, it was tentatively included in the Trans–New Guinea family in the classification of Malcolm Ross (2005), and Timothy Usher ties it most closely to Amung.

Uhunduni languages
Uhunduni, also known as Damal (Damal-kal) and Amung (Amung-kal) after two of its dialects, is the language of the Amung people and Damal people. It is a Trans–New Guinea language that forms an independent branch of that family in the classification of Malcolm Ross (2005). However, it is treated as an isolate by Palmer (2018). This language family is also called Ingkipilu in a classification by Anton Moeliono. The word Damal came from the Dani people, while Uhunduni came from the Moni people.

Dialects are Amongme, Amung, Damal, Enggipilu.
Johannesburg Magistrate's Court bombing
The Johannesburg Magistrate's Court Bombing took place on 20 May 1987 in Johannesburg, in the former Transvaal Province, now in Gauteng. The bombing is often referred to as a massacre in which 4 South African Police members died and a further 15 civilians were injured. It was perpetrated by the ANC's Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) para-military wing.

South African Police
The South African Police (SAP) was the national police force and law enforcement agency in South Africa from 1913 to 1994; it was the de facto police force in the territory of South West Africa (Namibia) from 1939 to 1981. After South Africa's transition to majority rule in 1994, the SAP was reorganized into the South African Police Service (SAPS).
Doordarshan Kendra, Mumbai
Doordarshan Kendra, Mumbai also referred as Mumbai Doordarshan is an Indian television station in Mumbai, owned and operated by state-owned Doordarshan, the television network of Prasar Bharati (Broadcasting Corporation of India). It was established on 2 October 1972, and now produces and broadcasts the 24-hour Marathi language TV channel, DD Sahyadri, which was launched in 1994 and covers most of the state of Maharashtra, India.

DD Sahyadri
DD Sahyadri is a Marathi TV channel. It is a regional channel dedicated to Maharashtra. It shows Marathi serials, news, films infotainment and educational programs about agriculture, healthcare, and other subjects. It is part of Doordarshan network. It is a free-to-air channel.
Tatyana Karakashyants
Tatyana Maximovna Karakashyants (née Vereina, later Karakashyants and Petrukhina; Russian: Татьяна Максимовна Каракашьянц, December 21, 1925 – October 13, 2004) was a Soviet diver and diving coach. She competed in the 10 m platform at the 1952 and 1956 Summer Olympics and finished in sixth and fifth place, respectively. She won this event at the 1954 European Aquatics Championships.

After retiring from competitive diving, she worked as a diving coach in sports society Spartak. She was an Honored Coach of the Soviet Union. Among her students were Vladimir Vasin, Nataliya Lobanova and Yelena Miroshina.

She died at the age of 78 in Moscow and was buried at the Nikolo-Arkhangelskoe Cemetery.

Yelena Miroshina
Yelena Nikolaevna Miroshina (Russian: Елена Николаевна Мирошина, 5 June 1974 – 18 December 1995) was a Russian diver, best known for twice winning the gold medal at the European Championships in the 10 m platform, and winning Olympic silver in 1992, where in the final she progressed from 8th place after 4 jumps to second.

Miroshina competed in two consecutive Summer Olympics, and represented two countries: the Soviet Union (1988) and the Unified Team (1992). She was affiliated with Spartak during her career. Miroshina was the youngest participant among the 89 (49 men and 40 women) competitors from 31 countries at the Seoul Games, with 14 years and 105 days.

Miroshina retired from competitions in 1995. The same year she was found dead under the windows of her apartment in Moscow. She was pregnant at the time of her death. The cause of death remains unknown.