hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Public diplomacy of China
Soon after its founding, the People's Republic of China institutionalized its concept of public diplomacy as "people's diplomacy," which it expressed through the slogan, "influence the policy through the people." The PRC sent doctors, scientists, and athletes to other developing countries to develop connections. This form of people's diplomacy was typically conducted via the International Department of the Chinese Communist Party.

Other public diplomacy mechanisms of the Chinese Communist Party and Chinese state have included translations of Chinese works and foreign language magazines, sister city initiatives, and the establishment of international communication centers. The People's Daily describes Confucius Institutes as a form of public diplomacy.

Public diplomacy
In international relations, public diplomacy broadly speaking, is any of the various government-sponsored efforts aimed at communicating directly with foreign publics to establish a dialogue designed to inform and influence with the aim of building support for the state's strategic objectives. These also include propaganda. As the international order has changed over the twentieth century, so has the practice of public diplomacy. Its practitioners use a variety of instruments and methods ranging from personal contact and media interviews to the internet and educational exchanges.
Piqueria
Piqueria is a genus of Caribbean and Mesoamerican plants in the tribe Eupatorieae within the family Asteraceae.

Species

Piqueria glandulosa B.L.Turner - Michoacán

Piqueria hintonii R.M.King - 	Guerrero

Piqueria laxiflora B.L.Rob. & Seaton - Jalisco, Durango, Michoacán, Zacatecas

Piqueria pilosa Kunth - Michoacán, Oaxaca, México State, Hidalgo, Guanajuato, D.F., Tamaulipas, Chiapas, Tlaxcala

Piqueria pringlei B.L.Rob. & Seaton - México State

Piqueria serrata A.Gray - San Luis Potosí, Jalisco, México State

Piqueria triflora Hemsl. - Durango, Guerrero, Sinaloa, Michoacán, Nayarit, Jalisco

Piqueria trinervia Cav. - from Tamaulipas to Panama, also Hispaniola

formerly included

Several dozen species once included in Piqueria but now considered better suited to other genera: Acritopappus Ageratum Alomia Clibadium Ellenbergia Erythradenia Gardnerina Guevaria Gymnocoronis Koanophyllon Ophryosporus Phalacraea Richterago Teixeiranthus Trichogonia

Phalacraea
Phalacraea is a genus of South American plants in the tribe Eupatorieae within the family Asteraceae.

Species

Phalacraea callitricha (B.L.Rob.) R.M.King & H.Rob. - Colombia, Ecuador

Phalacraea ecuadorensis R.M.King & H.Rob.  - Ecuador

Phalacraea latifolia DC. - Peru

Phalacraea longipetiolata (B.L.Rob.) R.M.King & H.Rob. - Colombia, Ecuador (=Steleocodon gracilis Gilli)

formerly included

see Ageratum Alomia

Phalacraea coelestina Regel - Ageratum microcarpum (Benth. ex Oersted) Hemsley

Phalacraea lindenii Sch.Bip. ex Benth. & Hook.f. - Alomia ageratoides Kunth

Phalacraea wendlandii Sch.Bip. ex Klatt - Ageratum rugosum Coulter ex J. D. Smith
1990 Afghan coup attempt
The 1990 Afghan coup d'etat attempt occurred on March 6, 1990, when General Shahnawaz Tanai, a hardline communist and Khalqist who served as Minister of Defence, attempted to overthrow President Mohammad Najibullah of the Republic of Afghanistan. The coup attempt failed and Tanai was forced to flee to Pakistan.

Parcham
Parcham (Pashto/Dari: پرچم, lit. 'banner'  or 'flag') was the more moderate socialist faction of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) led by Afghan communist politician Babrak Karmal. It was later turned into the Watan (Homeland) Party of Afghanistan with a more Islamic outlook under Mohammed Najibullah. The faction was formed directly after the founding of the Party in 1965 following ideological splits in the PDPA. While the Parchamites stressed the need for swift social-economic reforms to achieve revolution, this was in direct contrast with their PDPA rivals, the Khalqists, who sought an immediate and violent overthrow of the government. Karmal believed that Afghanistan was not developed enough for a Leninist revolutionary approach and instead sought a patriotic and anti-imperialist united front to take the next steps toward revolution.
Immilla of Turin
Immilla (also Emilia, Immula, Ermengard, or Irmgard) (c. 1020 – January 1078) was a duchess consort of Swabia by marriage to Otto III, Duke of Swabia, and a margravine of Meissen by marriage to Ekbert I of Meissen. She was regent of Meissen during the minority of her son, Ekbert II.

Duchess of Swabia
The Duchess of Swabia was the wife of the Duke of Swabia, ruler of the Duchy of Swabia which existed from 915 to 1313 as part of the Kingdom of Germany. If the duke was unmarried there was no duchess. This is a list of holders of the title.
Latgale neighbourhood
The Latgale neighbourhood of Riga is situated on the right bank of the Daugava River, located to the south of Old Riga. Until 2024, the neighbourhood was named Maskavas forštate (German: Moskauer Vorstadt), and was also known as Maskavas priekšpilsēta and colloquially as Maskačka—a name derived from the road historically connecting Riga to Moscow.

Church of Jesus, Riga
Church of Jesus (Latvian: Jēzus evaņģēliski luteriskā baznīca) is a Lutheran church in Riga, the capital of Latvia. It is a parish church of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Latvia. The church is situated at the address 18 Elijas Street.
Bovet Fleurier
Bovet Fleurier SA is a Swiss brand of luxury watchmakers chartered 1 May 1822 in London, United Kingdom by Édouard Bovet. It is most noted for its pocket watches manufactured for the Chinese market in the 19th century. Today it produces high-end artistic watches (priced between US$18,000 and $2.5 million) with a style that references its history.

The company is known for its high-quality dials (such as the Fleurier Miniature Painting models), engraving and its seven-day tourbillon. The original Bovet watches were also among the first to emphasize the beauty of their movements with skeletonized views and highly decorative movements. Bovet watches were also among the first to include a second hand while the company has a tradition of employing women artisans, which is rare for traditional watch making companies in Europe. Pascal Raffy is the current owner.

Favre-Leuba
Favre-Leuba is a Swiss luxury wristwatch manufacturer headquartered in Grenchen, Switzerland, and formerly a pioneer in watch design, manufacturing and distribution. The brand was established in 1737, following the registration of Abraham Favre as a watchmaker. One of his descendants, Henry-Augustus Favre, collaborated with Auguste Leuba, which led to the creation of the brand name Favre-Leuba in 1815, but the company's name was sold in 1985 due to the ongoing quartz crisis, which made manufacturing watches more difficult.

The company has collaborated and supported numerous mountaineers, as their Bivouac watches feature an altimeter and an aneroid barometer. Favre-Leuba is the second-oldest watch brand in the world, with Blancpain having been founded two years prior. From 2011 to 2023, the brand was owned by Titan Company, the watch manufacturing company of the Tata Group. The brand was later acquired by Silvercity brands.
Zecicindela
Zecicindela is a genus of tiger beetles endemic to New Zealand. It is in the Cicindelini tribe, along with another New Zealand genus, Neocicindela. It is similar to Neocicindela, but can be separated by the shape of the labrum and the presence of hairs on the clypeus, frons, genae and pronotum. Zecicindela live on riverbanks and the seashore, while Neocicindela may live away from water.

Cicindelini
Cicindelini is a tribe of tiger beetles in the family Cicindelidae, containing the overwhelming majority (around 80%) of genera and species in the family. There are more than 90 genera and 2,000 described species in Cicindelini.
Exeter Book Riddle 9
Exeter Book Riddle 9 (according to the numbering of the Anglo-Saxon Poetic Records) is one of the Old English riddles found in the later tenth-century Exeter Book, in this case on folio 103r–v. The solution is believed to be 'cuckoo'. The riddle can be understood in its manuscript context as part of a sequence of bird-riddles.

Anglo-Saxon Poetic Records
The Anglo-Saxon Poetic Records (ASPR) is a six-volume edition intended at the time of its publication to encompass all known Old English poetry. Despite many subsequent editions of individual poems or collections, it has remained the standard reference work for scholarship in this field.
1996 Southwest Conference men's basketball tournament
The 1996 Southwest Conference men's basketball tournament was held in March 7–9, 1996, at Reunion Arena in Dallas, Texas.

Number 1 seed Texas Tech narrowly defeated 3 seed Texas, 75-73, to win their 5th championship and receive the conference's automatic bid to the 1996 NCAA tournament. This was the final season of the Southwest Conference tournament since the SWC would cease operations after the 1995-96 school year.

1995–96 Texas Tech Red Raiders basketball team
The 1995–96 Texas Tech Red Raiders men's basketball team represented Texas Tech University in the Southwest Conference during the 1995–96 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. This was Texas Tech's final year in the conference before becoming a charter member of the Big 12 Conference. The head coach was James Dickey, his 5th year with the team. The Red Raiders played their home games in the Lubbock Municipal Coliseum in Lubbock, Texas.
Hoh Fuk Tong stop
Hoh Fuk Tong (Chinese: 何福堂) is a stop on the MTR Light Rail network in Tuen Mun District, New Territories, Hong Kong. It is located at ground level at Castle Peak Road - San Hui next to CCC Hoh Fuk Tong College and Hoh Fuk Tong Centre.

Being part of Fare Zone 2 for single ride tickets, the stop serves CCC Hoh Fuk Tong College's vicinity and the southeastern part of San Hui.

Tuen Mun District
The Tuen Mun District (Chinese: 屯門區) is one of the 18 administrative districts of Hong Kong. As of 2025, the population was 545,000, of which 64,000 were under the age of 18. Part of the district is the Tuen Mun New Town (or simply Tuen Mun), which contains one of the largest residential areas in the New Territories.
GAIN domain
The GAIN domain (G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) autoproteolysis-inducing domain) is a protein domain found in a number of cell surface receptors, including adhesion-GPCRs and polycystic kidney disease proteins PKD1 and PKD2. The domain is involved in the self-cleavage of these transmembrane receptors, and has been shown to be crucial for their function . Point mutations within the GAIN domain of PKD1 and GPR56 are known to cause polycystic kidney disease and polymicrogyria, respectively.

Protein domain
In molecular biology, a protein domain is a region of a protein's polypeptide chain that is self-stabilizing and that folds independently from the rest. Each domain forms a compact folded three-dimensional structure. Many proteins consist of several domains, and a domain may appear in a variety of different proteins. Molecular evolution uses domains as building blocks and these may be recombined in different arrangements to create proteins with different functions. In general, domains vary in length from between about 50 amino acids up to 250 amino acids in length. The shortest domains, such as zinc fingers, are stabilized by metal ions or disulfide bridges. Domains often form functional units, such as the calcium-binding EF hand domain of calmodulin. Because they are independently stable, domains can be "swapped" by genetic engineering between one protein and another to make chimeric proteins.
Giovanni Battista Rogeri
Giovanni Battista Rogeri (ca. 1642 – ca. 1710) was an Italian luthier, who for much of his mature life worked in Brescia. Together with Gasparo da Salò and Giovanni Paolo Maggini, Rogeri was one of the major makers of the Brescian school.

The Rogeri family is not to be confused with the Rugeri family of Cremona, also an important family of violin makers.

Gasparo da Salò
Gasparo da Salò (20 May 1542 – 14 April 1609) is the name given to Gasparo Bertolotti, one of the earliest violin makers and an expert double bass player. Around 80 of his instruments are known to have survived to the present day: violins (small and large), alto and tenor violas, viols, violones and double basses, violas designed with only a pair of corners, and ceteras.
Dongzhou District
Dongzhou District (simplified Chinese: 东洲区; traditional Chinese: 東洲區; pinyin: Dōngzhōu Qū; lit. 'Eastern Continent'), is one of the four districts under the administration of Fushun City, in Liaoning Province, China. It has a population of 236,731 in 2020, covering an area of 603.5 square kilometres (233.0 sq mi).

Fushun
Fushun is a prefecture level city in Liaoning province, China, about 45 km (28 mi) east of Shenyang, with a total area of 11,272 km2 (4,352 sq mi), 714 km2 (276 sq mi) of which is the city proper. Situated on the Hun River ("muddy river"), it is one of the industrial and economic development hubs in Liaoning.
Destruction in Okayama (2015)
Destruction in Okayama (2015) was a professional wrestling event promoted by New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW). The event took place on September 23, 2015, in Okayama, Okayama at the Momotaro Arena. The event featured nine matches, four of which were contested for championships. It was the tenth event under the Destruction name.

Okayama
Okayama (岡山市, Okayama-shi; Japanese: [okaꜜjama]) is the capital city of Okayama Prefecture in the Chūgoku region of Japan. The Okayama metropolitan area, centered around the city, has the largest urban employment zone in the Chugoku region of western Japan. The city was founded on June 1, 1889. As of February 2023, the city has an estimated population of 700,940 and a population density of 890 people per km2. The total area is 789.95 square kilometres (305.00 square miles).

The city is the site of Kōraku-en, known as one of the top three traditional gardens in Japan, and Okayama Castle, which is ranked among the best 100 Japanese castles. The city is famous as the setting of the Japanese fable Momotarō. Okayama joined the UNESCO Global Network of Learning Cities in 2016.
Monteleone Sabino
Monteleone Sabino is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Rieti in the Latium region of Italy, located about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northeast of Rome and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of Rieti.

Rieti
Rieti (Italian: [ˈrjɛːti]; Latin: Reate, Sabino: Riete) is a town and comune in Lazio, central Italy, with a population of 47,700. It is the administrative seat of the province of Rieti and see of the diocese of Rieti, as well as the modern capital of the Sabina region.

The town centre stands on a small hilltop, commanding from the southern edge the wide Rieti valley, at the bottom of the Sabine hills and of monti Reatini, including mount Terminillo. The plain was once a large lake, drained by the ancient Romans, and is now the fertile basin of the Velino River. Only the small Ripasottile and Lungo lakes remain of the larger original.
2019 Zhengzhou Open
The 2019 Zhengzhou Open was a professional tennis tournament, played on outdoor hard courts. It was the sixth edition of the tournament and part of the Premier series on the 2019 WTA Tour, offering a total of $1,000,000 in prize money. It took place at the Zhongyuan Tennis Training Base Management Center in Zhengzhou, China, on 9–15 September 2019.

Zhengzhou Open
The Zhengzhou Open was a tournament for professional female tennis players played on outdoor hardcourts. The event was held in Zhengzhou, China, since 2014 as an ITF and then as a WTA 125 tournament in 2017 and 2018.
Subsequently, it was upgraded and from 2019 onward was classified as a WTA Premier level tournament, replacing the Connecticut Open in the United States. After a three-year hiatus, the tournament returned in 2023 for one year as a WTA 500 event.

In 2024, WTA announced that this WTA 500 event has moved to Ningbo.
Vavasour baronets
There have been five baronetcies created for persons with the surname Vavasour, three in the Baronetage of England and two in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. As of 2008 four of the creations are extinct while one is extant.

Vavasour Baronets of Hazlewood (1628)

Vavasour Baronets of Killingthorpe (1631): see Sir Charles Vavasour, 1st Baronet (died 1644)

Vavasour baronets of Copmanthorpe (1643): see Sir William Vavasour, 1st Baronet (died 1659)

Vavasour Baronets of Spaldington (1801)

Vavasour baronets, of Hazlewood (second creation, 1828)

Charles Vavasour, 1st Baronet, of Killingthorpe
Sir Charles Vavasour, 1st Baronet, of Killingthorpe (c. 1585 – 1644) was an English soldier who fought the insurgents in the Irish Rebellion of 1641 where he excelled at the Battle of Liscarroll in 1642 but was defeated in the Battle of Cloughleagh of the ensuing Irish Confederate Wars. After the cease-fire of September 1643 he was sent to England to fight the Parliamentarians in the First English Civil War, but his regiment mutinied and he resigned his commission, dying soon after in Oxford.
Ben Nelson
Earl Benjamin Nelson (born May 17, 1941) is an American politician, attorney, and businessman who served as a United States senator from Nebraska from 2001 to 2013. A member of the Democratic Party, he previously served as the 37th governor of Nebraska from 1991 to 1999. As of 2026, he is the last Democrat to have won or held statewide office in Nebraska.

Nelson was an insurance executive before he entered politics. His first run for office was in 1990, when he narrowly defeated incumbent Republican governor Kay Orr. He was reelected by a landslide in 1994. He ran for an open U.S. Senate seat in 1996, losing in an upset to Republican Chuck Hagel. He was elected to Nebraska's other Senate seat in 2000, and reelected in 2006. He did not run for a third term in 2012, and was succeeded by Republican Deb Fischer.

Nelson was the most conservative Democrat during his time in the Senate, frequently voting against his party.

Cloture
Cloture (/ˈkloʊtʃər/, also UK: /ˈkloʊtjʊər/), closure or, informally, a guillotine, is a motion or process in parliamentary procedure aimed at bringing debate to a quick end.

The cloture procedure originated in the French National Assembly, from which the name is taken. Clôture is French for "the act of terminating something".

It was introduced into the Parliament of the United Kingdom by William Ewart Gladstone to overcome the obstructionism of the Irish Parliamentary Party and was made permanent in 1887.

It was subsequently adopted by the United States Senate and other legislatures. The name cloture remains in the United States. In Commonwealth countries it is usually closure or, informally, guillotine. In the United Kingdom and Canada closure and guillotine are distinct motions.
Janice, Mississippi
Janice is an unincorporated community located in Perry County, Mississippi, United States. Janice is approximately 10 miles (16 km) east-southeast of Brooklyn and approximately 15 miles (24 km) northeast of Wiggins on Mississippi Highway 29 and a part of the Hattiesburg, Mississippi Metropolitan Statistical Area. Janice is located within the Black Creek Wilderness portion of De Soto National Forest.

A post office operated under the name Janice from 1901 to 1915.

Hattiesburg metropolitan area
The Hattiesburg Metropolitan Statistical Area is a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) in southeastern Mississippi that covers three counties - Forrest, Lamar, and Perry. The MSA's principal city is Hattiesburg. The 2010 census placed the Hattiesburg MSA's population at 162,410, though estimates as of 2019 indicate the population has increased to 168,849. The area is part of the geographical region known as the Pine Belt, famous for its abundance of longleaf pine trees. The Hattiesburg MSA is part of the larger Hattiesburg-Laurel Combined Statistical Area.
Port of Camas-Washougal
The Port of Camas/Washougal is a port on the Columbia River serving the communities of Camas and Washougal, Washington in Clark County, Washington. The port was established in 1935 by a vote of the people in a special election and today encompasses the port, a marina, Grove Field airport and an industrial park. The port provides facilities and services for land, air, and water-borne use, and commerce to enhance employment and recreational opportunities for the communities of Camas and Washougal.

Camas, Washington
Camas /ˈkæməs/ is a city in Clark County, Washington, with a population of 26,065 at the 2020 census. The east side of town borders the city of Washougal, Washington, and the west side of town borders Vancouver, Washington. Camas lies along the Washington side of the Columbia River, across from Troutdale, Oregon, and is part of the Portland metropolitan area.

One of the major geographical features of the city is Prune Hill.  Prune Hill is an extinct volcanic vent and is part of the Boring Lava Field of northwest Oregon and southwest Washington.
Dogern station
Dogern station (German: Bahnhof Dogern) is a railway station in the town of Dogern, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The station lies on the High Rhine Railway. The train services are operated by Deutsche Bahn.

High Rhine Railway
The High Rhine Railway (German: Hochrheinbahn) is a Deutsche Bahn railway line from Basel Badischer Bahnhof in the city of Basel to Konstanz on Lake Constance. It was built by the Grand Duchy of Baden State Railways as part of the Baden Mainline, which follows the Rhine upstream from Mannheim Hauptbahnhof to Konstanz. The line derives its name from the High Rhine (Hochrhein), which it follows between Basel and Waldshut and on a short section in Schaffhausen.

The line crosses the Germany–Switzerland border three times and passes through Swiss territory two times within the canton of Basel-Stadt and whilst crossing the main part of the canton of Schaffhausen. The other sections of the line run through the German state of Baden-Württemberg. Schaffhausen station is congruemtly owned by Deutsche Bahn (DB) and SBB Infrastructure, while the line is operated throughout by DB, and parts by SBB GmbH and Thurbo.
Gayton Thorpe
Gayton Thorpe is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Gayton, in the King's Lynn and West Norfolk district, in the county of Norfolk, England. The village is located 7.1 miles (11.4 km) south-east of King's Lynn and 31 miles (50 km) north-west of Norwich. In 1931 the parish had a population of 136.

King's Lynn
King's Lynn, known until 1537 as Bishop's Lynn and colloquially as Lynn, is a port and market town in the borough of King's Lynn and West Norfolk in the county of Norfolk, England. It is 36 miles (58 km) north-east of Peterborough, 44 miles (71 km) north-north-east of Cambridge, 44 miles (71 km) west of Norwich, and about 5 miles (8 km) inland from The Wash estuary.