hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Prince Karim Khan
Prince Agha Abdul Karim was a Baloch nationalist and a member of the ruling family of the former Khanate of Kalat. Before the accession of Kalat to Pakistan, he served as the governor of Makran region.

Karim led an armed revolt against the state's accession to Pakistan in 1948 which led to an ongoing Baloch separatist movement in Pakistan. After a period in Afghanistan seeking external backing, he organized guerrilla activity in the Jhalawan region before surrendering to the state of Pakistan, which resulted in his arrest and imprisonment. He founded Ustman Gal which led to the formation of the National Awami Party and also served as the head of the branch of the "Sindhi, Baloch and Pakhtun Front" in Balochistan.

Jhalawan
Jhalawan (Brahui: جھالاوان, romanized: Jhālāwān) was an administrative division of the  Khanate of Kalat, a princely state ruled by Brahuis that acceded to Pakistan in 1947. It was established in the 17th-century and its boundary was fixed with Sindh in 1853.  It was located in the southeastern part of Kalat State, north of Las Bela, west of the Kacchi and Sindh and east of the Kharan and Makran.
Piyacuyani
Piyacuyani (possibly from Aymara p'iya hole, qhuya the hole for the seed; mine or hole from which metal is taken, -ni a suffix to indicate ownership) is a mountain in the Vilcanota mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about 5,100 metres (16,732 ft) high. The mountain is located in the Puno Region, Melgar Province, Nuñoa District. Piyacuyani lies southwest of Jonorana, west of Jarupata, north of Huisahuisa, northeast of Jatun Sallica and Jochajucho, and southeast of Jampatune, Pomanota and Jatuncucho. It is situated west of Llankamayu, a right tributary of Hatun Mayu.

Jatun Sallica
Jatun Sallica (possibly from Quechua hatun big, sallika rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis)) is a mountain in the  Vilcanota mountain range Andes of Peru, about 5,200 metres (17,060 ft) high. It is located in the Cusco Region, Canchis Province, San Pablo District, and in the Puno Region, Melgar Province, Nuñoa District. Jatun Sallica is situated south-west of the mountains Pomanota and Jatuncucho, south of the mountain Cochacucho and north-east of the mountain Hueco.
Infinity 16
Infinity 16 (stylized as INFINITY16) is a Japanese reggae sound system. They debuted as a major label artist in 2008. The project's most successful songs include "Dream Lover" (a collaboration with Shōnan no Kaze, Minmi and Moomin) and "Tsutaetai Koto ga Konna Aru noni" (with Wakadanna from Shōnan no Kaze and Jay'ed).

Minmi
Michiko Evwana (born December 8, 1974), better known by her stage name Minmi (Japanese: ミンミ), is a Japanese hip-hop and reggae musician, as well as a singer-songwriter and record producer. She is the first soca artist from Japan. She was married to Wakadanna (若旦那), a member of Japanese reggae group Shōnan no Kaze, from 2007 until their divorce on June 28, 2016.

She began playing reggae music in Japanese clubs in 1996. Her 2002 debut single, "The Perfect Vision", went on to sell over 500,000 copies.
Timișel
The Timișel is a right tributary of the river Gladna in Romania. It flows into the Gladna near Jupani. In Mănăștiur part of its flow is redirected towards the Bega. Its length is 11 km (6.8 mi) and its basin size is 22 km2 (8.5 sq mi).

Gladna
The Gladna or Râul is a left tributary of the river Bega in Romania. It discharges into the Bega in Leucușești. Its length is 34 km (21 mi) and its basin size is 173 km2 (67 sq mi). The Surduc Dam in the northwestern part of Poiana Ruscă Mountains is built on the Gladna.
Free State of Schaumburg-Lippe
The Free State of Schaumburg-Lippe (German: Freistaat Schaumburg-Lippe) was created following the abdication of Prince Adolf II of the Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe on 15 November 1918, following the  German Revolution. It was a state in Germany during the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany. The democratic government was suppressed during Nazi rule. At the end of the Second World War, the British military occupation government decreed on 1 November 1946 the union of Schaumburg-Lippe, Hannover, Braunschweig and Oldenburg to form the new state of Lower Saxony.

Free State of Oldenburg
The Free State of Oldenburg (German: Freistaat Oldenburg) was a federated state that existed during the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany. It was established in 1918 following the abdication of the Grand Duke Frederick Augustus II of the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg after the German Revolution and was abolished by the Allies following the Second World War.
Norman Scott (bass)
Norman Scott (November 30, 1921 – September 22, 1968) was an American operatic bass. He had a long and fruitful association with the Metropolitan Opera in New York City from 1951 up until his death seventeen years later. His repertoire at the Met included well over 50 roles, and he gave a total of 927 performances at the house during his career. A talented actor with an excellent sense of comic timing, Scott excelled in playing secondary characters that were often humorous in nature. Although initially a comprimario singer, Scott was eventually given opportunities to tackle larger leading roles at the Met, and he spent much of his career at that house going back and forth between leading and secondary roles. Although Scott spent the majority of his career at the Met, he did occasionally perform with other opera companies both in the United States and abroad. A major personal triumph came in 1953 when he sang the title role in Béla Bartók's Bluebeard's Castle at the Holland Festival.

Comprimario
A comprimario is a small supporting role in an opera (or a singer who sings those roles). The word is derived from the Italian "con primario", or "with the primary", meaning that the comprimario role (or singer) is not a principal role (or singer).  The term usually refers to characters who do not sing any full-length arias or long scenes (although mute characters, who do not sing at all, are not considered comprimarios).

Many singers began their careers as comprimario singers; many others end their careers that way when they become too infirm to cope with long roles; some have made a career out of singing such parts.  Among these latter are singers such as Piero de Palma, Anthony Laciura, Jean Kraft, Nico Castel, and Charles Anthony of the Metropolitan Opera; others include Plinio Clabassi, Ernesto Gavazzi and Karl Dönch.
Abbenbroek
Abbenbroek is a village in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Nissewaard, and lies about 6 km west of Spijkenisse.

In 2001, the village of Abbenbroek had 971 inhabitants. The built-up area of the town was 0.22 km², and contained 390 residences. The wider statistical district of Abbenbroek, covering the town and the "Polder Abbenbroek", has a population of around 1350.

Until 1980, Abbenbroek was a separate municipality, when it became part of Bernisse.

The municipal coat of arms is attested in the Beyeren Armorial (c. 1405, fol. 39v). It shows a pair of breeches, reflecting the popular interpretation of the element broek (properly "brook, marshland").

Spijkenisse
Spijkenisse (Dutch pronunciation: [spɛikəˈnɪsə] ⓘ) is a large town in the province of South Holland, Netherlands. Following an administrative reform in 2015, it is part of the municipality of Nissewaard, and has a population of 72,500. It covers an area of 30.27 km2 (11.69 sq mi) of which 4.15 km2 (1.60 sq mi) is water. It is part of the Greater Rotterdam area.
Canamar
"Canamar" is the forty-third episode of the science fiction television series Star Trek: Enterprise, the seventeenth of the second season (production #217). The episode aired on UPN on February 26, 2003.

Mistaken for smugglers, Captain Archer and Commander Tucker find themselves on a prisoner transport ship.

Canamar is the name of the Enolian penal colony. The episode also features Sub-commander T'Pol, and alien prisoner Kuroda (Mark Rolston).

Mark Rolston
Mark Rolston (born December 7, 1956) is an American actor. He made his film debut as PFC. Drake in Aliens (1986), and is known for his supporting roles in films like Lethal Weapon 2 (1989), The Shawshank Redemption (1994), Rush Hour (1998), The Departed (2006), and the Saw film series (2008–09). On television, he played Gordie Liman on The Shield (2003), Edward Shippen IV on Turn: Washington's Spies (2015–16), the voice of Lex Luthor on Young Justice (2010–22), and Lt. Don Thorne on Bosch (2018–21) and Bosch: Legacy (2022-25).
My Homies Still
"My Homies Still" is a song by American rapper Lil Wayne featuring fellow American rapper Big Sean, released on June 5, 2012, as a standalone single. It was also included on the deluxe version of his tenth studio album I Am Not a Human Being II (2013). The song was produced by Streetrunner and Sarom. It reached number 38 on the Billboard Hot 100. A remix featuring Young Jeezy appears on Wayne's Dedication 4 mixtape.

Dedication 4
Dedication 4 is the eleventh mixtape by American rapper Lil Wayne. The mixtape, hosted by DJ Drama, was originally supposed to be released on August 15, 2012, but got delayed several times and was released on September 3, 2012. It is the fourth installment of Lil Wayne's Dedication series, following its predecessors The Dedication, Dedication 2 and Dedication 3. It's also the fourth installment of Lil Wayne's "Gangsta Grillz" series.
KOA II Part 1
KOA II Part 1 (pronounced King of Amapiano 2 Part 1) is the fourth studio album by South African DJ Kabza De Small, released on June 16, 2022, through Piano Hub. The album features guest appearances from DJ Maphorisa, Ami Faku, Msaki, Young Stunna, Kwesta, Bob Mabena, Mhaw Keys and more.

Msaki
Asanda Lusaseni Mvana (born 31 December 1988) known professionally  as Msaki, is a South African composer, singer, and songwriter. Born and grew up in East London, during her childhood she was involved in musical activities. Her career in music began in 2008, at the age of 20, when she was a member of alternative  rock band while attending college.

Her debut Extended Play  Nal'ithemba   (2013) and debut solo studio album Zaneliza: How The Water Moves (2016), which was nominated for Best Adult Contemporary Album.
Operation Hammer (1997)
Operation Hammer (Turkish: Çekiç Harekâtı) was the largest cross-border operation done in the history of Turkish Armed Forces into northern Iraq between 12 May and 7 July 1997 against the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK).

The operation's objectives were to destroy PKK units in northern Iraq, to strengthen Masoud Barzani's Kurdistan Democratic Party in its ongoing Civil War with Jalal Talabani's Patriotic Union of Kurdistan in the hope that the KDP would prevent further PKK raids into Turkey, and to counter Iranian influence in the region as Turkey accused Iran of supporting the PKK, and over 2,000 Iranian forces had entered Iraqi Kurdistan that year to aid the PUK.

Kurdistan Democratic Party
The Kurdistan Democratic Party (Kurdish: پارتی دیموکراتی کوردستان, romanized: Partiya Demokrat a Kurdistanê), usually abbreviated as KDP or PDK, is the ruling party in Iraqi Kurdistan and the senior partner in the Kurdistan Regional Government. It was founded in 1946 in Mahabad in Iranian Kurdistan. The party states that it combines "democratic values and social justice to form a system whereby everyone in Kurdistan can live on an equal basis with great emphasis given to rights of individuals and freedom of expression."

The KDP is dominated by the Barzani tribe and the party's stated ideologies are conservatism, secularism, and Kurdish nationalism.
Sam Etcheverry
Samuel Etcheverry (May 20, 1930 – August 29, 2009), nicknamed "the Rifle", was a professional American and Canadian football player and head coach.  Etcheverry played the quarterback position, most famously with the Montreal Alouettes of the Canadian Football League, and was named Canadian football's Most Outstanding Player in 1954. Etcheverry's jersey #92 is one of seven retired by the Alouettes.

Etcheverry is a member of the Canadian Football Hall of Fame, and in 2006, was voted one of the CFL's Top 50 players (#26) of the league's modern era by Canadian sports network TSN.

The Sports Network
The Sports Network (TSN) is a Canadian English language discretionary sports specialty channel owned by CTV Specialty Television, a joint venture of Bell Media (80%) and ESPN Inc. (20%). TSN was established by the Labatt Brewing Company in 1984 as part of the first group of Canadian specialty cable channels. In 2013, TSN was the largest specialty channel in Canada in terms of gross revenue, with a total of CA$400.4 million in revenue.

TSN broadcasts primarily from studio facilities located at Bell Media Agincourt in the Scarborough neighbourhood of Toronto, Ontario. Stewart Johnston currently serves as president of TSN, a position he has held since 2010. TSN's networks focus on sports-related programming, including live and recorded event telecasts, sports talk shows, and other original programming.
Generalized Newtonian fluid
In fluid mechanics, a generalized Newtonian fluid is an idealized fluid for which the shear stress is a function of shear rate at the particular time, but not dependent upon the history of deformation. Although this type of fluid is non-Newtonian (i.e. non-linear) in nature, its constitutive equation is a generalised form of the Newtonian fluid. Generalised Newtonian fluids satisfy the following rheological equation:

where  is the shear stress, and  is the shear rate. The quantity  represents an apparent viscosity or effective viscosity as a function of the shear rate.

The most commonly used types of generalized Newtonian fluids are:

Power-law fluid

Cross fluid

Carreau fluid

Bingham fluid

It has been shown that lubrication theory may be applied to all generalized Newtonian fluids in both two and three dimensions.

Shear rate
In physics, mechanics and other areas of science, shear rate is the temporal rate at which a progressive shear strain is applied to some material, causing shearing to the material. Shear rate has quantity dimension of velocity per distance, which simplifies to reciprocal time.
Allity
Allity is an accredited Residential Aged Care Provider founded in March 2013 with 45 locations in Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and South Australia. The homes offer all levels of permanent and respite care allowing for aging in place as well as providing secure dementia facilities.

Aging in place
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention defines aging in place as "the ability to live in one's own home and community safely, independently, and comfortably, regardless of age, income, or ability level".
Charlie Owen (musician)
Charles Lothian Lloyd "Charlie" Owen is an Australian multi-instrumentalist and producer. He has been a member of The New Christs (1987–90), Louis Tillett and His Cast of Aspersions (1990), Tex, Don and Charlie (1993–95, 2005–06), Tendrils (1994–99) and Beasts of Bourbon (1996–97, 2003). His solo album, Vertigo and Other Phobias, was released in 1994 on Red Eye/Polydor.

Owen has produced albums by The Plunderers, Louis Tillett (both solo and in a duo with Owen), Tex Perkins, and Penny Ikinger. As a session player, he has appeared on albums by Tony Buck, Kim Salmon and the Surrealists, Robert Forster, Spencer P. Jones, The Cruel Sea, Steve Prestwich, Conway Savage, Don Walker and Pendulum.

In May 2012 Australian Guitar magazine listed Owen in the Top 40 of Australia's best guitarists.

Steve Prestwich
Steven William Prestwich (5 March 1954 – 16 January 2011) was an English-born Australian drummer, guitarist, singer and songwriter. After relocating from Liverpool, Prestwich was the founding and long-term drummer for the band Cold Chisel, which formed in Adelaide in 1973. He wrote the Cold Chisel songs "When the War Is Over", "Flame Trees", and "Forever Now". Prestwich also had a short spell with the Little River Band in the 1980s. He released two solo albums in the 2000s.

Prestwich died on 16 January 2011 following surgery to remove a brain tumour, at age 56.
Prince Society
The Prince Society, or Prince Society for Mutual Publication, (1858-1944) in Boston, Massachusetts, published "rare works, in print or manuscript, relating to America." It was named after Thomas Prince, fifth pastor of Old South Church in Boston. Historian Samuel Gardner Drake founded the society because he "had not been made a member of the Massachusetts Historical Society, and he resented it." Officials of the Prince Society included William Sumner Appleton, John Ward Dean, Charles E. Goodspeed, Edmund F. Slafter, John Wingate Thornton, and William Henry Whitmore. It operated from offices in Bromfield Street (ca.1868) and Somerset Street (ca.1872, 1908). Around 1920 society members "realized at last that a publication society 'on the mutual principle' had become an anomaly in this day and generation." The society continued for several "years of poise before the final leap into the abyss" in 1944.

Massachusetts Historical Society
The Massachusetts Historical Society (MHS) is a major historical archive specializing in early American, Massachusetts, and New England history. The Massachusetts Historical Society was established in 1791 and is located at 1154 Boylston Street in Boston, Massachusetts, and is the oldest historical society in the United States.

The society's building was constructed in 1899 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1966. In 2016, the Boston Landmarks Commission designated it a Boston Landmark.
Paesus
Paesus or Paisos (Hittite: Apaššawa, Ancient Greek: Παισός), in the Trojan Battle Order in Homer's Iliad called Apaesus or Apaisos (Ἀπαισός), was a town and polis (city-state) on the coast of the ancient Troad, at the entrance of the Propontis, between Lampsacus and Parium. The city of Apaššawa from the Hittite documents is identified as Paesus. In the Iliad, Amphius, son of Selagus, was said to be from Paesus. At one period, it received colonists from Miletus. It suffered Persian occupation during the Ionian Revolt. In Strabo's time, the town was destroyed, and its inhabitants had transferred themselves to Lampsacus, which was likewise a Milesian colony. The town derived its name from the small river Paesus, on which it was situated. It was a member of the Delian League and appears in tribute lists of Athens between 453/2 and 430/29 BCE.

Its site is located 6 miles (9.7 km) northeast of Çardak, Asiatic Turkey.

Lampsacus
Lampsacus (/ˈlæmsəkəs/; Ancient Greek: Λάμψακος, romanized: Lampsakos) was an ancient Greek city located in modern day Turkey, strategically situated on the eastern side of the Hellespont in the northern Troad. An inhabitant of Lampsacus was called a Lampsacene. The name has been transmitted in the nearby modern town of Lapseki.
Jordan 191
The Jordan 191 was a Formula One car designed by Gary Anderson for use by Jordan Grand Prix in its debut season in 1991. Its best finish was in Canada and Mexico, where Andrea de Cesaris drove it to fourth place at both races. Driving the 191 at the 1991 Hungarian Grand Prix, Bertrand Gachot took the fastest lap of the race.

Jordan Grand Prix
Jordan Grand Prix was a Formula One constructor that competed from 1991 to 2005. The team was named after Irish businessman and founder Eddie Jordan (1948–2025) and was based at Silverstone, England, but raced with an Irish licence.

In early 2005, the team was sold to Midland Group, who competed for one final season as 'Jordan', before renaming the team as Midland F1 Racing for the 2006 season. Later that same year, it was sold to Dutch car manufacturer, Spyker, to become Spyker F1 for the 2007 season, and then sold again to become Force India in 2008. In 2018, as a result of the financial collapse of the Force India team, and its subsequent buyout by a consortium led by Lawrence Stroll, the team's FIA entry was not transferred, and the Jordan Grand Prix's original entry came to an end. As of 2025, the team competes as the Aston Martin Aramco F1 Team.
Mischief Night
Mischief Night or Mischievous Night is an informal holiday where young people engage in jokes, pranks, vandalism, or parties. It is celebrated mostly in Yorkshire and other parts of Northern England on the night before Guy Fawkes night, November 4.

Vandalism
Vandalism is the action involving deliberate destruction of or damage to public or private property.

The term includes property damage, such as graffiti and defacement directed towards any property without permission of the owner. The term finds its roots in an Enlightenment view that the Germanic Vandals were a uniquely destructive people, as they sacked Rome in 455 AD.
Antonio Augusto Intreccialagli
Antonio Augusto Intreccialagli (18 February 1852 − 19 September 1924) - religious name Antonio di Gesù - was an Italian Roman Catholic prelate and professed member from the Discalced Carmelites who served as the Archbishop of Monreale from 1919 until his death. Intreccialagli served prior to this as the coadjutor for the archdiocese and before that served as the Bishop of Caltanissetta when he was nominated to the episcopate. He was also the co-founder of the Oblates to the Divine Love which he established alongside the Servant of God Margherita Diomira Crispi.

Intreccialagli's process for beatification opened after his death in Monreale, as a Servant of God. He was later titled as Venerable in 1991 after Pope John Paul II confirmed that he had lived a life of heroic virtue.

Heroic virtue
Heroic virtue is the translation of a phrase coined by Augustine of Hippo to describe the virtue of early Christian martyrs. The phrase is used by the Roman Catholic Church.

The Greek pagan term hero described a person with possibly superhuman abilities and great goodness. "[I]t connotes a degree of bravery, fame, and distinction which places a man high above his fellows". The term was later applied to other highly virtuous people who do extraordinary good works.
Snowdrop (game engine)
Snowdrop (also known as Ubisoft Snowdrop) is a proprietary game engine created by Massive Entertainment and Ubisoft for use on Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One, Xbox Series X/S, Nintendo Switch, Nintendo Switch 2, Stadia, and Luna. It was revealed at E3 2013 with Tom Clancy's The Division, the first game using the engine. Snowdrop is one of the primary game engines used by Ubisoft along with Disrupt, Dunia, and Ubisoft Anvil.

Massive Entertainment
Massive Entertainment AB is a Swedish video game developer and a studio of Ubisoft based in Malmö. The company has been fully owned by Ubisoft since 2008. The studio is known for Tom Clancy's The Division, The Division 2, Ground Control, and World in Conflict.
Temptation's Workshop
Temptation's Workshop is a 1932 American pre-Code drama film directed by George B. Seitz and starring Helen Foster, Tyrell Davis and Dorothy Granger. It was released by the independent Poverty Row studio Mayfair Pictures.

Tyrell Davis
Tyrell Davis (1902–1970) was a British film actor, Cambridge educated, who appeared on the West End and Broadway stage, as well as in British and American films.

"In George Cukor's Our Betters (1933), Tyrell Davis played one of the swishiest homosexuals of them all."

Tyrell Davis was born on September 29, 1902 in Surbiton, Surrey, England as Harry Davis. He was an actor, known for Strictly Unconventional (1930), Let Us Be Gay (1930) and Paid (1930). He was married to Lota Cheek.

He died on December 8, 1970 in London, England.