hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sefaxersen
Sefaxersen (also known as RO7434656, RG6299, ISIS-696844 and IONIS-FB-LRx) is an investigational antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) drug developed by Roche Holding AG in partnership with Ionis Pharmaceuticals. It targets complement factor B (CFB) to treat complement system-mediated diseases, primarily IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and geographic atrophy (GA) secondary to age-related macular degeneration. By inhibiting CFB expression, Sefaxersen reduces harmful inflammation driven by the alternative complement pathway.

As of 2025, it is in Phase 2/3 trials for IgAN and Phase 2 trials for GA.

Geographic atrophy
Geographic atrophy (GA), also known as atrophic age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or advanced dry AMD, is an advanced form of age-related macular degeneration that can result in the progressive and irreversible loss of retinal tissue (photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, choriocapillaris) which can lead to a loss of central vision over time. It is estimated that GA affects over 5 million people worldwide and approximately 1 million patients in the US, which is similar to the prevalence of neovascular (wet) AMD, the other advanced form of the disease.

The incidence of advanced AMD, both geographic atrophy and neovascular AMD, increases exponentially with age. Most current clinical trials aim to reduce the progression of GA lesion enlargement.

The name derives from the resemblance of the regions of atrophied cells to a geographical map.
Dom Cardillo
Dominic Cardillo (October 26, 1930 – April 14, 2013) was a Canadian politician, who served as mayor of Kitchener, Ontario from 1982 to 1994.

Born and raised in Guelph, Cardillo was educated at the University of Guelph and moved to Kitchener in 1954 to work as a teacher. He first ran for Kitchener City Council as an alderman in 1963, and served in that role for 20 years prior to his election as mayor.

His term as mayor was marked by significant economic growth, a record of balanced budgets, and the construction of the modern Kitchener City Hall.

He retired in 1994, and was succeeded as mayor by Richard Christy. He is the second longest-serving mayor in the city's history, after Carl Zehr.

He died in 2013 from Parkinson's disease.

Carl Zehr
Carl Zehr (born c. 1945) is a retired Canadian politician. He served as the mayor of Kitchener from 1997 to 2014. Prior to that he was a city councillor from 1985 to 1994. As of 2025, he was the longest-serving mayor in Kitchener. He was a member of the Large Urban Mayors' Caucus of Ontario and served as its chair in 1999. He was also a member of the Big City Mayors Caucus (Canada) from 1997 to 2014.
The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1976 film)
The Hunchback of Notre Dame is a British feature length adaptation of the 1831 novel by Victor Hugo, produced for television by the BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) in 1976 and aired on December 30 the same year. Directed by Alan Cooke and written by Robert Muller, the film stars Kenneth Haigh as Claude Frollo, Warren Clarke as Quasimodo and Michelle Newell as Esmeralda, and features the visual effects by Ian Scoones and the original music by Wilfred Josephs.

Michelle Newell
Michelle Newell (born 18 June 1951) is a British actress probably best known for her role in the BBC mini-series The Cleopatras and as Gill Gregory in Coronation Street. Other television credits include When the Boat Comes In (as Mary Seaton), Brimstone and Treacle (as Pattie Bates),  Return of the Saint, Shoestring and The Professionals.

She has also appeared in various radio and theatrical roles, as well as the 1976 film version of The Likely Lads and the 1984 comedy film The Zany Adventures of Robin Hood, and has published a novel called Still Falls the Rain. She is married to John Clive, a fine artist and director and has one daughter, Florence.
Manisha Saxena
Manisha Saxena is an Indian model and television actress. She is known for MTV India's reality show MTV Love School. She appeared in the movie Wajah Tum Ho (2016). In 2017 she portrayed the role of Isha Singh on Pehredaar Piya Ki. She appeared on SET India television series Rishta Likhenge Hum Naya as Isha.

Sony Entertainment Television
Sony Entertainment Television (abbreviated as SET) is an Indian Hindi-language general entertainment pay television channel that was launched in 1995 and is owned by Sony Pictures Networks, a division of Sony Pictures.
Monteveglio
Monteveglio (Muntvì or Måntvî in the western Bolognese dialect) is a frazione (village) in the comune (municipality) of Valsamoggia. It is located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) west of Bologna, near the Samoggia River, in the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna. It was an independent comune until 2014, when it merged with the neighboring municipalities of Bazzano, Valsamoggia, Castello di Serravalle, Crespellano, and Savigno. Monteveglio's main attractions are its pieve of Santa Maria and Oratory of San Rocco.

Savigno
Savigno is a frazione of the comune (municipality) of Valsamoggia in the Province of Bologna in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southwest of Bologna.  It was an independent commune until 2014.
Académie de l'air et de l'espace
The Académie de l'air et de l'espace (AAE) is the French national Air and Space Academy. Established in 1983 in Toulouse on the initiative of André Turcat, the aims of the academy are the following: "To encourage the development of high quality scientific, technical, cultural and Human Actions in the realms of Air and Space, promote knowledge in these areas and constitute a focal point for activities". Its members, who come from all walks of aerospace life : pilots, astronauts, scientists, engineers, doctors, manufacturers, economists, lawyers, artists ...  all work together to achieve these essential goals.

Its president is Gerard Brachet.

Aerospace
Aerospace refers to the technology and industry involved with the atmosphere and outer space collectively. Aerospace activity is very diverse, with a multitude of commercial, industrial, and military applications. Aerospace engineering consists of aeronautics and astronautics. Aerospace organizations research, design, manufacture, operate, maintain, and repair both aircraft and spacecraft.

The border between space and the atmosphere has been proposed as 100 kilometres (62.1 mi) above the ground according to the physical explanation that the air density is too low for a lifting body to generate meaningful lift force without exceeding orbital velocity. This border has been called the Kármán line.
Alexander Blair (rugby union)
Alexander Blair was a Scottish rugby union player. He was the 36th President of the Scottish Rugby Union. He became a Colonel in the army and then became President of the British Legion and Chairman of the Earl Haig Fund. An advocate to trade he was a Writer to the Signet. He received a CBE in the New Years Honours List of 1933.

Scottish Rugby Union
The Scottish Rugby Union (SRU; Scottish Gaelic: Aonadh Rugbaidh na h-Alba) is the governing body of rugby union in Scotland. Now marketed as Scottish Rugby, it is the second-oldest Rugby Union, having been founded in 1873. The SRU oversees the national league system, known as the Scottish League Championship, and the Scottish National teams. The SRU is headed by the President (Keith Wallace) and Chairman (John McGuigan), with Mark Dodson acting as the chief executive officer. Dee Bradbury became the first female president of a Tier 1 rugby nation upon her appointment on 4 August 2018.
Lake Leelanau, Michigan
Lake Leelanau is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Leelanau County, Michigan, near the lake of the same name. As of the 2020 census it had a population of 229. It is situated along M-204 at the "narrows" that separate North and South Lake Leelanau. The community is divided between Leland Township and Suttons Bay Township.

Leland, Michigan
Leland (/ˈliːlənd/ LEE-lənd) is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is located in Leelanau County, part of the northwestern Lower Peninsula of the state. As of the 2020 census it had a population of 410. From 1883 to 2004, Leland was the county seat of Leelanau County, which has since moved to Suttons Bay Township.

Part of Leland Township, Leland is situated on an isthmus between Lake Leelanau and Lake Michigan, and is bisected by the Leland River, flowing from the former to the latter. Leland is a significant tourism destination and summer colony, and is located nearby Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore. Leland also serves as the departure point for ferry service to North and South Manitou Islands, both of which are wholly included in the National Lakeshore.
Flemish Horse
The Flemish Horse, Dutch: Vlaams Paard, French: Cheval Flamand, is a Belgian breed of heavy draught horse. It originates in – and is named for – Flanders, the northern part of Belgium, where its history goes back to Mediaeval times. In the late nineteenth century it was merged with the other heavy horses of Belgium into the Belgian Draught.

It was re-created in the late twentieth century and recognised as a breed in 2005. In the twenty-first century it is an endangered breed, with fewer than a hundred living animals.

Rare breed
In modern agriculture, a rare breed is a breed of poultry or livestock that has a very small breeding population, usually from a few hundred to a few thousand. Because of their small numbers, rare breeds may have a threatened conservation status, and they may be protected under regional laws. Many countries have organizations devoted to the protection and promotion of rare breeds, for which they each have their own definition. In botany and horticulture, the parallel to rare animal breeds are heirloom plants, which are rare cultivars.
Nicholas D'Agosto
Nicholas "Nick" D'Agosto  (born April 17, 1980) is an American actor. He made his film debut with a supporting role in Election (1999). D'Agosto gained recognition with recurring roles as West Rosen on season 2 of the NBC superhero television series Heroes (2007) and Hunter on season 3 of the NBC sitcom The Office (2007).

After supporting roles in the films Rocket Science (2007) and Extreme Movie (2008), D'Agosto had his breakout with a starring role in the teen sex comedy film Fired Up! (2009). In the 2010s, D'Agosto had the lead role in the supernatural horror film Final Destination 5 (2011) and a supporting role in Dirty Girl (2010) before transitioning primarily to television. He had a main role as Dr. Ethan Haas on season 1 of the Showtime series Masters of Sex (2013) and had a recurring, later main, role as Harvey Dent on the Fox superhero series Gotham (2014–2016). In the late 2010s, he had a lead role as Josh Segal on the NBC sitcom Trial & Error (2017–2018).

Fired Up!
Fired Up! is a 2009 American teen sex comedy film directed by Will Gluck (in his directorial debut)  who is also credited with writing the film under the pseudonym Freedom Jones. The film's plot revolves around two popular high school football players who decide to attend a cheerleading camp for the summer to get close to its 300 female cheerleaders. The film was released on February 20, 2009, by Screen Gems. The film received negative reviews from critics and audiences and was a commercial flop, having grossed $18.5 million against a $20 million budget.
Richard Hastings
Richard Cory Hastings (born 18 May 1977) is a former Canadian soccer player and former manager of Highland League side Inverurie Loco Works.

He played for Inverness Caledonian Thistle, Ross County, Grazer AK, MVV Maastricht, Hamilton Academical and Brora Rangers.

Hastings played 59 times for the Canada national team. Hastings was a member of the Canada side which won the 2000 CONCACAF Gold Cup, and later represented his country at the 2001 Confederations Cup, the 2002 CONCACAF Gold Cup, 2005 CONCACAF Gold Cup, 2007 CONCACAF Gold Cup and the 2009 CONCACAF Gold Cup.

Richard's nephew, Gabriel, signed for Caley Thistle as a youth team player on 14 May 2018.

Grazer AK
Grazer Athletiksport-Klub (lit. 'Graz's Athletic Sport Club'; abbreviated as GAK), better known simply as Grazer AK, is an Austrian sports club based in the city of Graz in the federal state of Styria. The football section was once among Austria's most popular clubs, enjoying success in the decade between 1995 and 2005. The other sections are basketball, diving and tennis, which however all act as separate legal entities. The "GAK" football section folded during the 2012–13 Regionalliga Mitte Season in Autumn 2012. It has since been revived and returned to the Austrian Second League in 2019, and four years later won promotion to the Austrian Bundesliga after a seventeen-year hiatus.
Eve, Psyche & the Bluebeard's Wife
"Eve, Psyche & the Bluebeard's Wife" (Korean: 이브, 프시케 그리고 푸른 수염의 아내; RR: Ibeu, Peusike geurigo Pureun Suyeom-ui Anae) is a song by the South Korean girl group Le Sserafim. It was released on May 23, 2023, as the second single from their debut studio album, Unforgiven. It is a Jersey club song that addresses themes of girl power, self-empowerment, and breaking taboos. The release of its music video, which features the members of Le Sserafim dancing and playing children's games, prompted an increase in attention for the song; it peaked at number two on the Circle Digital Chart in South Korea the following month.

Various versions of the song were released: a remix featuring singer Bibi and rappers Mirani and Camo on June 27, 2023; an English version on July 6, 2023; a remix featuring singer Upsahl on July 14, 2023; a remix featuring Japanese-British singer Rina Sawayama on July 28, 2023; and a version featuring American singer-songwriter Demi Lovato on August 4, 2023.

Mirani (rapper)
Kim Yoon-jin (Korean: 김윤진; born May 14, 1996), known professionally as Mirani (Korean: 미란이), is a South Korean rapper and songwriter. She first garnered attention when she appeared on the rap competition TV show Show Me the Money 9 in 2020. She released the single "VVS" with rappers Munchman, Khundi Panda, and Mushvenom on the show which peaked at number 1 on the Gaon Digital Chart and won Hip-hop Track of the Year at the Korean Hip-hop Awards.

She signed to hip hop label At Area in 2021 where she released her extended play Uptown Girl. She released her debut album The Drift on May 9, 2023.
Fretting
Fretting refers to wear and sometimes corrosion damage of loaded surfaces in contact while they encounter small oscillatory movements tangential to the surface. Fretting is caused by adhesion of contact surface asperities, which are subsequently broken again by the small movement.   This breaking causes wear debris to be formed.

If the debris and/or surface subsequently undergo chemical reaction, i.e., mainly oxidation, the mechanism is termed fretting corrosion. Fretting degrades the surface, leading to increased surface roughness and micropits, which reduces the fatigue strength of the components. 
The amplitude of the relative sliding motion is often in the order of micrometers to millimeters, but can be as low as 3 nanometers.

Typically fretting is encountered in shrink fits, bearing seats, bolted parts, splines, and dovetail connections.

Spline (mechanical)
A spline is a ridge or tooth 
on a drive shaft that matches with a groove in a mating piece and transfers torque to it, maintaining the angular correspondence between them.

For instance, a gear mounted on a shaft might use a male spline on the shaft that matches the female spline on the gear. Adjacent images in the section below show a transmission input shaft with male splines and a clutch plate with mating female splines in the center hub, where the smooth tip of the axle would be supported in a pilot bearing in the flywheel (not pictured). An alternative to splines is a keyway and key, though splines provide a longer fatigue life, and can carry significantly greater torques for the size.
2012 Speedway World Cup final
The 2012 FIM Speedway World Cup Final was the fourth and final race of the 2012 Speedway World Cup season. It was run on July 14 and was won by Denmark from Australia, Russia, and the host nation Sweden. The Final took place at the G&B Stadium in Målilla.

Denmark were led to victory by their captain, Niels K Iversen and Michael Jepsen Jensen, both of whom scored 11 points. They were supported by triple World Champion Nicki Pedersen (9 points) and Mikkel B Jensen (8 points). Australia, led by triple World Champ Jason Crump and 2012 World Champion Chris Holder finished second from Russia who were led by Emil Sayfutdinov who top scored for the meeting with 17 points (Holder was next with 16). Host nation Sweden disappointed on the night to finish fourth and last.

Emil Sayfutdinov
Emil Damirovich Sayfutdinov (Russian: Эмиль Дамирович Сайфутдинов; born 26 October 1989) is a motorcycle speedway rider from Russia. He is a member of the Russia national speedway team. He is a three times World team champion, twice World Junior champion and a two-time winner of the European Championships in 2014 and 2015.
2020 Camp High Harbour COVID-19 outbreak
A summer session hosted at Camp High Harbour, a YMCA location on Lake Burton in Georgia, United States from 17 to 27 June, 2020 led to an outbreak of COVID-19 that became a super-spreader event, leading to at least 260 confirmed cases. The event garnered national and international news coverage and prompted an investigation from the US Center for Disease Control due to the unprecedented spread of COVID-19 amonst youth campers and staff.

YMCA of the USA
The National Council of Young Men's Christian Associations of the United States of America (generally shortened as the YMCA of the USA or simply The Y) is part of the worldwide youth organization YMCA.
Hill Fort Kesroli
The Hill Fort of Kesroli is a 14th-century fort located in Alwar district, Rajasthan, India. It is now a heritage hotel managed by Neemrana Hotels group., known for its turrets, ramparts, and arched verandahs and today considered one of the best heritage hotels in India.

Turret (architecture)
In architecture, a turret is a small circular tower, usually notably smaller than the main structure, that projects outwards from a wall or corner of that structure. Turret also refers to the small towers built atop larger tower structures.
Lucky Ducky (film)
Lucky Ducky is a 1948 American animated cartoon from Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. It was directed by Tex Avery, animated by Walt Clinton (here credited as Walter Clinton), Preston Blair, Louie Schmitt, and Grant Simmons, with musical direction by Scott Bradley.

This short was originally in development as a George and Junior entry, but was ultimately produced with two random dog characters instead of the two bears, who might share the same names as them.

Scott Bradley (composer)
Walter Scott Bradley (November 26, 1891 – April 27, 1977) was an American composer, pianist, arranger, and conductor.

Bradley is best remembered for scoring MGM's theatrical cartoons, including those starring Tom and Jerry, Barney Bear, Screwy Squirrel, Droopy, George and Junior and many one-off cartoons.
Tax farming
Farming or tax-farming is  a technique of financial management in which the management of a variable revenue stream is assigned by legal contract to a third party and the holder of the revenue stream receives fixed periodic rents from the contractor. It is most commonly used in public finance, where governments (the lessors) lease or assign the right to collect and retain the whole of the tax revenue to a private financier (the farmer), who is charged with paying fixed sums (sometimes called "rents", but with a different meaning from the common modern term) into the treasury.

Farming in this sense has nothing to do with agriculture, other than in a metaphorical sense.

Feudal land tenure in England
Under the English feudal system several different forms of land tenure existed, each effectively a contract with differing rights and duties attached thereto. Such tenures could be either free-hold if they were hereditable or perpetual or non-free if they terminated on the tenant's death or at an earlier specified period.
Fullo
A fullo was a Roman fuller or laundry worker (plural: fullones), known from many inscriptions from Italy and the western half of the Roman Empire and references in Latin literature, e.g. by Plautus, Martialis and Pliny the Elder. A fullo worked in a fullery or fullonica. There is also evidence that fullones dealt with cloth straight from the loom, though this has been doubted by some modern scholars. In some large farms, fulleries were built where slaves were used to clean the cloth. In several Roman cities, the workshops of fullones have been found. The most important examples are in Ostia and Pompeii, but fullonicae also have been found in Delos, Florence, Fréjus and near Forlì: in the Archaeological Museum of Forlì, there is an ancient relief with a fullery view. While the small workshops at Delos go back to the 1st century BC, those in Pompeii date from the 1st century AD and the establishments in Ostia and Florence were built during the reign of the Emperors Trajan and Hadrian.

Ostia Antica
Ostia Antica (lit. 'Ancient Ostia') is the modern name given to the ancient Roman city of Ostia. It became the port city of Rome located at the mouth of the Tiber and is near modern Ostia, 25 km (16 mi) southwest of Rome. Due to silting of the coastline from the river the site now lies 3 km (2 mi) from the sea. The name Ostia (the plural of ostium) derives from Latin os 'mouth'.

The city continued to be prosperous into late antiquity despite harbour deterioration. After its abandonment sand dunes covered the site and aided the city's preservation which is surpassed only by Pompeii and Herculaneum.

Ostia Antica is now a large archaeological site noted for the excellent preservation of its ancient buildings, magnificent frescoes and impressive mosaics. As in Pompeii, Ostia's remains provide details about Roman urbanism that are not accessible within the city of Rome itself.
Glendale Unified School District
The Glendale Unified School District is a school district based in Glendale, California, United States. The school district serves the city of Glendale, portions of the city of La Cañada Flintridge and the unincorporated communities of Montrose and La Crescenta. It consists of 20 elementary schools, 4 middle schools, 4 high schools and 3 facilities for homeschoolers and special-needs students.

In the 2008–2009 school year, the district served 26,744 students and expects enrollment to decline 1–2% in each of the next three years. As of 2002, it was the third-largest district in Los Angeles County and among the thirty-largest in the State of California. It is the 254th largest in the nation by student population.

In 2009 the GUSD had 2,620 employees, of which about half are classroom teachers.

Beginning in the 2016–2017 school year, GUSD started officially commemorating the Armenian genocide, having April 24 off as a holiday. They are the first school district in the nation to do so.

Crescenta Valley High School
Crescenta Valley High School is a high school in La Crescenta, California. Around 2500 students attend the school, which serves North Glendale, unincorporated La Crescenta and Montrose, as well as a municipal neighborhood on the western boundary of the City of La Cañada Flintridge.

Crescenta Valley received a California Pivotal Practice award in 2022, National Blue Ribbon School award in 2000, and a California Distinguished School award in 2005. Crescenta Valley received a Bravo Award for excellence in the arts from Los Angeles County in 2005. CVHS was awarded again by the California Department of Education in 2019 with California Distinguished School with Exemplary Programs in Arts Education, and Physical Activity and Nutrition. In 2012, the school made headlines after a 15-year-old male student jumped off the roof, committing suicide.