hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kremlin Presidium
The Kremlin Presidium (The Administrative Building of the Kremlin, Russian: Административный корпус Кремля, romanized: Administrativnyy korpus Kremlya), also denominated Building 14 (Russian: 14-й корпус), was an edifice within the Moscow Kremlin in Russia. Constructed on the site of the demolished historic cathedrals in 1934, until 2011 it housed, first, the Supreme Soviet, i.e. the supreme legislative body of the Soviet Union until its dissolution in 1991, and, second, the offices of the Presidential Administration of Russia. It was dismantled in 2016.

Ivanovskaya Square
Ivanovskaya Square (Russian: Ивановская площадь) is the largest Kremlin square. Its name comes from the Ivan the Great Bell Tower.

In the 16th and 17th centuries, many government bodies were situated in the Ivanovskaya Square. It was the site of the Prikazy, the equivalent of today's Ministries. Yamskoi Prikaz, one of the offices, handled the delivery of private letters. Thus, it became the first postal address in Moscow. Court services and chanceries of various departments were also situated here.

At the end of the 1920s and early 1930s, the square was enlarged after the demolition of the Small Nicholas Palace and the Ascension Convent.

Today, the square is cobbled like most of the territory of the Kremlin. It offers a view of one of the three corners of the Kremlin Senate.
Halden
Halden (pronounced [ˈhɑ̀ɫdn̩] ⓘ), between 1665 and 1928 known as Fredrikshald, is both a town and a municipality in Østfold county, Norway. The municipality borders Sarpsborg to the northwest, Rakkestad to the north and Aremark to the east, as well as the Swedish municipalities Strömstad, Tanum and Dals-Ed respectively to the southwest, south and southeast.

The seat of the municipality, Halden is a border town located at the mouth of the Tista river on the Iddefjord, the southernmost border crossing between Norway and Sweden. The town of Halden is located about 120 km (75 mi) south of Oslo, 190 km (120 mi) north of Gothenburg, and 12 km (7.5 mi) west of the border crossing at Svinesund.

Aremark
Aremark is a municipality in Østfold county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Fosby.

Aremark was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). The new municipality of Øymark was separated from Aremark on 1 July 1903.
Cheng Biguang
Cheng Biguang (Chinese: 程璧光) (1861－26 February 1918) was a Chinese admiral during the late Qing dynasty and later the Republic of China. He served in the Beiyang Fleet and the Republic of China Navy. When Duan Qirui refused to validate the Constitution, Cheng and fellow Admiral Lin Baoyi sailed their fleets to Guangzhou join the Constitutional Protection Movement led by Sun Yat-sen. He was assassinated in Haizhu District, Guangzhou, in 1918.

Lin Baoyi (admiral)
Lin Baoyi (traditional Chinese: 林葆懌; simplified Chinese: 林葆怿; pinyin: Lín Bǎoyì; 20 December 1864 – 14 September 1930) was a Chinese admiral during the late Qing dynasty and the Warlord Era of the Republic of China.
2023 Birmingham Bowl
The 2023 Birmingham Bowl was a college football bowl game played on December 23, 2023, at Protective Stadium in Birmingham, Alabama. The 17th annual Birmingham Bowl featured the Troy Trojans from the Sun Belt Conference and the Duke Blue Devils from the Atlantic Coast Conference. The game began at approximately 11:00 a.m. CST and was aired on ABC. The Birmingham Bowl was one of the 2023–24 bowl games concluding the 2023 FBS football season. The game was sponsored by gas station chain 76 and was officially known as the 76 Birmingham Bowl.

2023–24 NCAA football bowl games
The 2023–24 NCAA football bowl games were a series of college football bowl games in the United States, primarily played to complete the 2023 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Team-competitive bowl games in FBS began on December 16 and concluded with the 2024 College Football Playoff National Championship on January 8, 2024, which was won by the Michigan Wolverines. The all-star portion began on January 13 and concluded on February 24.
2003 Women's Oceania Cup
The 2003 Women's Oceania Cup was the third edition of the women's field hockey tournament. It was held from 25 to 31 May in Melbourne, Wellington and Whangārei.

The tournament served as a qualifier for the 2004 Summer Olympics.

Australia won the tournament for the third time, defeating New Zealand in the three–game series, 3–0.

Women's Oceania Cup
The Women's Oceania Cup is an international field hockey competition organised by Oceania Hockey Federation (OHF). It is held every two years to determine which teams will receive an automatic berth to the FIH World Cup and the Summer Olympics.

As of 2023, only Australia and New Zealand have reached the finals.
Pulverturm, Oldenburg
The Pulverturm is a historic brick-built powder magazine in the city of Oldenburg, Lower Saxony, Germany.

The Pulverturm is the last remaining building in Oldenburg's historic fortifications. A small part of the city wall is still attached. The building was used to store gunpowder from 1730 to 1765 during Danish rule in the area. The building is circular with a domed roof. The Pulverturm is located close to the northern corner of the Schlossgarten Oldenburg. Elisabeth-Anna-Palais is to the southeast, Schloss Oldenburg is to the east, St Lamberti-Kirche and the Rathaus are to the north, and the Oldenburgisches Staatstheater is to the northwest.

Schlossgarten (Oldenburg)
The Schlossgarten Oldenburg ("castle garden") is a 16-hectare public park in the city of Oldenburg, Lower Saxony, northern Germany, located between the Eversten district and the city centre to the north. At the northwest end is a lake and Elisabeth-Anna-Palais (built 1894–1896) and close to the northwest end is the Schloss Oldenburg.
2017 South Africa Sevens
The 2017 South Africa Sevens was the second tournament within the 2017–18 World Rugby Sevens Series and the nineteenth edition of the South Africa Sevens. It was held over the weekend of 9–10 December 2017 at Cape Town Stadium in Cape Town, South Africa.

South Africa Sevens
The South Africa Sevens is an annual rugby sevens tournament that is held in South Africa. It is currently hosted in Cape Town and is part of the Sevens World Series run by World Rugby. A South African leg of the World series has been included in every edition of the competition since it began in the 1999-2000 season.

The tournament was first held at Stellenbosch in 1999 before being moved to Durban for the next two seasons. For nine seasons from 2002 until 2010 it was held at George in the Western Cape, before moving to Port Elizabeth for the 2011 edition, and Cape Town in 2015.
2018 Liuzhou International Challenger
The 2018 Liuzhou International Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the first edition of the tournament for men and third edition for women. It was the part of the 2018 ATP Challenger Tour and 2018 ITF Women's Circuit. It took place in Liuzhou, China between 22 and 28 October 2018.

2018 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour, in 2018, was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2018 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 159 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $50,000 up to $150,000. It was the 41st edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 10th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Wadena, Saskatchewan
Wadena (/wəˈdiːnə/ wə-DEE-nə) is a town in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan, located east of Saskatoon, north of Fort Qu'Appelle and northwest of Yorkton on the eastern shore of the Quill Lakes. The town is known for its birdwatching and hunting opportunities as Quill Lakes is part of a major flight path. The Wadena and District Museum, located just south of Wadena on Highway 35, also hosts an annual Vintage Day in July.

Wadena is the administrative centre of the Rural Municipality of Lakeview. It is also the administrative headquarters of the Fishing Lake First Nation band government.

The town is named after Wadena, Minnesota, the place of origin of some early settlers of Scandinavian American descent. The town in Minnesota was in turn named after a Chippewa/Saulteaux Chief.

Fort Qu'Appelle
Fort Qu'Appelle (/kəˈpɛl/) is a town in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan located in the Qu'Appelle River valley about 70 kilometres (43 mi) north-east of Regina, between Echo and Mission Lakes of the Fishing Lakes. It is not to be confused with the once-significant nearby town of Qu'Appelle. It was originally established in 1864 as a Hudson's Bay Company trading post. Fort Qu'Appelle, with its 1,919 residents in 2006, is at the junction of Highway 35, Highway 10, Highway 22, Highway 56, and Highway 215. The 1897 Hudson's Bay Company store, 1911 Grand Trunk Pacific Railway station, Fort Qu'Appelle Sanatorium (Fort San), and the Treaty 4 Governance Centre in the shape of a teepee are all landmarks of this community. 
Additionally, the Noel Pinay sculpture of a man praying commemorates a burial ground, is a life-sized statue in a park beside Segwun Avenue.
Bob Odell (American football)
Robert Harper Odell (March 5, 1922 – December 15, 2012) was an American football player and coach. He grew up in Sioux City, Iowa and was a multi-sport athlete at East High School. He played college football as a halfback for the Penn Quakers, where he won the Maxwell Award in 1943 and finished second in Heisman voting that same year. He was selected in the second round (15th overall) of the 1944 NFL draft by the Pittsburgh Steelers, but served in the United States Navy from 1944 through 1946. The Steelers offered Odell $8,000 to play in the 1946 season, however, his doctor recommended that he give up football due to a knee injury suffered while playing basketball. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1992.

Maxwell Award
The Maxwell Award is presented annually to the college football player judged by a panel of sportscasters, sportswriters, and National Collegiate Athletic Association head coaches and the membership of the Maxwell Football Club to be the best all-around in the United States. The award is named after Robert "Tiny" Maxwell, a Swarthmore College football player, coach, and sportswriter. Johnny Lattner (1952, 1953) and Tim Tebow (2007, 2008) are the only players to have won the award twice. It is the college equivalent of the Bert Bell Award of the National Football League, also given out by the Maxwell Club.
History of East Africa
The history of East Africa has been divided into its prehistory, the major polities flourishing, the colonial period, and the post-colonial period, in which the current nations were formed. East Africa is the eastern region of Africa, bordered by North Africa, Central Africa, Southern Africa, the Indian Ocean, and the Sahara Desert. Colonial boundaries are reflected in the modern boundaries between contemporary East African states, cutting across ethnic and cultural lines, often dividing single ethnic groups between two or more states.

Haplogroup L4
Haplogroup L4 is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. It is a small maternal clade primarily restricted to Africa.

L4 is important in East Africa. The highest frequencies are in Tanzania among the Hadza at 60-83% and Sandawe at 48%.

It has two branches, L4a and L4b. Subgroup L4a was formerly called L7 and considered a separate subclade of L3'4'7. It has  been recognized as a subclade of L4, with L3 as its outgroup by Behar et al. (2008).
The parent clade L3'4 is to have emerged at 106–66 kya.  
L4 is not much later than this, estimated at 87 kya by Fernandes et al. (2015).
Electoral district of Yuroke
The electoral district of Yuroke was an electoral district of the Victorian Legislative Assembly. It was situated in the outer northern suburbs of Melbourne and was created in a redistribution before the 2002 state election, replacing the former electorate of Tullamarine.

Included within its boundaries were Attwood, Craigieburn, Greenvale, Kalkallo, Mickleham and Yuroke, as well as parts of Roxburgh Park, Somerton, and Westmeadows.

It was considered to be a very safe Labor Party seat, and was held by the party for its entire existence.

The seat was abolished by the Electoral Boundaries Commission ahead of the 2022 election and replaced by the electoral districts of Kalkallo and Greenvale.

Electoral district of Tullamarine
Electoral district of Tullamarine was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Victoria. The district centred on the suburb of Tullamarine, about 17 km north-west of Melbourne.
University of the West Indies at Five Islands
The University of the West Indies at Five Islands is a public research university in Five Islands, Antigua and Barbuda. It is the newest of 5 general campuses in the University of the West Indies system.

Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States
The Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS; French: Organisation des États de la Caraïbe orientale, OECO) is an inter-governmental organisation dedicated to economic harmonisation and integration, protection of human and legal rights, and the encouragement of good governance between countries and territories in the Eastern Caribbean. It also performs the role of spreading responsibility and liability in the event of natural disaster.

The administrative body of the OECS is the Commission, which is headquartered in Castries, the capital of Saint Lucia.

OECS operates an economic union within the larger CARICOM economic union. Eight members operate as a currency union - the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union, using the Eastern Caribbean dollar.
Al Neri
Albert "Al" Neri  is a fictional character appearing in Mario Puzo's 1969 novel The Godfather and Francis Ford Coppola's trilogy of films based on it. In all three motion pictures, he is portrayed by actor Richard Bright. He functions as Michael Corleone's personal enforcer, bodyguard and assassin.

Caporegime
A caporegime or capodecina, usually shortened to capo or informally referred to as "captain", "skipper" or "lieutenant", is a leadership position in the Mafia (both the Sicilian Mafia and Italian-American Mafia). A capo is a "made member" of an Italian crime family who heads a regime or "crew" of soldiers and has major status and influence in the organization. Caporegime is an Italian word, used to signify the head of a family in Sicily. In general, the term indicates the head of a branch of an organized crime syndicate who commands a crew of soldiers and reports directly to the don (boss) or an underboss or street boss. The shortened version "capo" has also been used to refer to certain high-ranking members of Latin American drug cartels.
Bigla Ridge
Bigla Ridge (Bulgarian: хребет Бигла, ‘Hrebet Bigla’ \'hre-bet 'bi-gla\) is the rocky, partly ice-free ridge extending 19 km in northwest-southeast direction, 8.8 km wide and rising to 1644 m (Stancheva Peak) on Foyn Coast, Antarctic Peninsula.  The ridge is crescent-shaped facing southwest and surmounting Sleipnir Glacier to the northwest and Beaglehole Glacier to the southwest, with its southeast half forming Heros Peninsula.

The feature is named after Bigla Peak in the Balkan Mountains, Bulgaria.

Sleipnir Glacier
Sleipnir Glacier (66°29′S 63°59′W﻿ / ﻿66.483°S 63.983°W﻿ / -66.483; -63.983) is a glacier 10 nautical miles (18 km) long, flowing into the west side of Cabinet Inlet between Balder and Spur Points, on the east coast of Graham Land, Antarctica.  The Vologes Ridge is in the central portion of the glacier.

The feature was charted in 1947 by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS), who named it after the horse of the mythological Norse god Odin. It was photographed from the air during 1947 by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition (RARE) under Ronne.
Natan Andrei
Natan Andrei is an American theoretical physicist who deals with solid state physics and particle physics. He is a distinguished professor at Rutgers University.

Andrei received his doctorate in 1979 from Princeton University under supervision of David Gross.  In 1989 he was at the Institute for Advanced Study.  In 2004 he became a Fellow of the American Physical Society.  Independently of Paul Wiegmann, he succeeded in 1980 in finding the exact solution of the Kondo problem. In 2017, both were awarded the Lars Onsager Prize. With John H. Lowenstein, he solved the Chiral Gross–Neveu model using Bethe ansatz technique.

He deals with the relations between conformal and exactly integrable field theories and string theory in loop space.  In solid state physics, he is primarily concerned with highly correlated electron systems (high-temperature superconductors, quantum Hall effect, heavy fermion systems).

David Gross
David Jonathan Gross (/ɡroʊs/; born February 19, 1941) is an American theoretical physicist and string theorist. He shared the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physics with Frank Wilczek and Hugh David Politzer "for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction".

Gross is the Chancellor's Chair Professor of Theoretical Physics at the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics (KITP) of the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB), and was formerly the KITP director and holder of their Frederick W. Gluck Chair in Theoretical Physics. He is also a faculty member in the UCSB Physics Department and is affiliated with the Institute for Quantum Studies at Chapman University in California. He is a foreign member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Norrköping Synagogue
The Norrköping Synagogue (Swedish: Norrköpings synagoga) is a former Jewish congregation and synagogue, located on Bebyggelseregistret, in Brådgatan, in the Nordantill borough of Norrköping, in Östergötland County, Sweden. The former synagogue was designed by Edvard Medén and Carl Stål in the Neoclassical and Moorish Revival styles and completed in 1858.

The former synagogue was classified as a listed building in 1978.

Listed buildings in Sweden
A listed building in Sweden (Swedish: byggnadsminne) enjoys the strongest legal, cultural, and historical protection available. Listed buildings range widely from Medieval castles to a cinema from the 1950s. The listing is not restricted to buildings per se; parks, gardens or other sites of cultural or historical significance are also protected by law. Listed buildings recount the passage of history and how Swedish society has changed over time. More than 2,000 buildings and sites have been protected as listed buildings in Sweden.

The purpose of listing buildings and environments is to protect traces of history that have had great significance for the understanding of today's society and to guarantee people's access to the Swedish cultural heritage. To protect the cultural and historical value of the buildings, Swedish law provides protective measures to be taken for each such listed building or site.

There are two kinds of listed buildings: individual and government.
Zarnegar (word processor)
Zarnegar (Persian: زرنگار, romanized: zarnegār, lit. 'goldscribe') is a commercial word processor developed by SinaSoft Corporation. It is specialized for Persian and Arabic languages, and their intricacies. The first version of Zarnegar, which ran on DOS, was released in April 1991. A Windows version was first made available in 2000.

Iran System encoding
Iran System encoding is an 8-bit character encoding scheme and was created by Iran System corporation for Persian language support. This encoding was in use in Iran in DOS-based programs. After the introduction of Microsoft code page 1256, this encoding became obsolete. However, some Windows and DOS programs using this encoding are still in use and some Windows fonts with this encoding exist. Now most programs use code page 1256 or Unicode.
14th International Film Festival of India
The 14th International Film Festival of India was held as IFFI' 91 during 10–20 January 1991 at Chennai. The festival was made interim non-competitive following a decision taken in August 1988 by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. The "Filmotsavs" and IFFI 90-91-92 together constituted 23 editions of the festival

International Film Festival of India
The International Film Festival of India (IFFI), founded in 1952, is an annual film festival currently held in Goa, on the western coast of India. The festival aims at providing a common platform for the cinemas of the world to project the excellence of the film art; contributing to the understanding and appreciation of film cultures of different nations in the context of their social and cultural ethos, and promoting friendship and cooperation among people of the world. The festival is conducted jointly by the National Film Development Corporation of India (under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting) and the state Government of Goa.
Philidor position
The Philidor position (or Philidor's position) is a chess endgame involving a drawing technique for the defending side in the rook and pawn versus rook endgame. This technique is known as the third-rank defense due to the positioning of the defending rook. It was analyzed by François-André Danican Philidor in 1777. Many rook and pawn versus rook endgames reach either the drawn Philidor position or the winning Lucena position. The defending side should try to reach the Philidor position; the attacking side should try to reach the Lucena position. Grandmaster Jesús de la Villa said, "[The Lucena and Philidor positions] are the most important positions in this type of endgame [...] and in endgame theory."

Chess annotation symbols
When annotating chess games, commentators frequently use widely recognized annotation symbols. Question marks and exclamation points that denote a move as bad or good are ubiquitous in chess literature. Some publications intended for an international audience, such as the Chess Informant, have a wide range of additional symbols that transcend language barriers.

The common symbols for evaluating the merits of a move are "??", "?", "?!", "!?", "!", and "!!". The chosen symbol is appended to the text describing the move (e.g. Re7? or Kh1!?); see Algebraic chess notation.

Use of these annotation symbols is subjective, as different annotators use the same symbols differently or for a different reason.
Commemorations of Benjamin Banneker
A United States postage stamp and the names of a number of recreational and cultural facilities, schools, streets and other facilities and institutions throughout the United States have commemorated Benjamin Banneker's documented and mythical accomplishments throughout the years since he lived (1731–1806) (see Mythology of Benjamin Banneker). Among such memorializations of this free African American almanac author, surveyor, landowner and farmer who had knowledge of mathematics, astronomy and natural history was a biographical verse that Rita Dove, a future Poet Laureate of the United States, wrote in 1983 while on the faculty of Arizona State University.

Washington metropolitan area
The Washington metropolitan area (also referred to as the National Capital Region, Greater Washington, or locally as the DMV, short for District of Columbia, Maryland, and Virginia) is the metropolitan area comprising Washington, D.C., the federal capital of the United States, and its surroundings. The metropolitan area includes all of Washington, D.C., and parts of Maryland, Virginia and even West Virginia.

The United States federal government defines the area as the Washington–DC, VA–MD–WV metropolitan statistical area. It anchors the southern end of the densely populated Northeast megalopolis and is part of the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area, the country's third-largest. The area's estimated total population of 6,304,975 (as of 2023) makes it the country's seventh-most populous metropolitan area. It is one of the country's most educated and affluent metropolitan areas.