hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pollice verso
Pollice verso or verso pollice (Classical Latin: [ˈpɔlʲːɪke ˈu̯ɛrs̠oː]) is a Latin phrase, meaning "with a turned thumb", that is used in the context of gladiatorial combat. It refers to a hand gesture or thumb signal used by Ancient Roman crowds to pass judgment on a defeated gladiator following duels in colosseums.

The precise gesture described by the phrase pollice verso, and its meaning, are the subject of scholarly debate.

According to Anthony Corbeill, a classical studies professor who has extensively researched the practice, thumbs up signalled killing a gladiator, while "a closed fist with a wraparound thumb" meant sparing him.

Zoologist Desmond Morris describes human gestures of this type to be culturally determined and transmitted.

Desmond Morris
Desmond John Morris FLS hon. caus. (born 24 January 1928) is an English zoologist, ethologist, and surrealist painter, as well as a popular author in human sociobiology. He is known for his 1967 book The Naked Ape, and for his television programmes such as Zoo Time.
2020–21 FC Nordsjælland season
The 2020–21 season was Nordsjælland's 24th season in existence as a football club, 17th under the current name, and 19th consecutive season in the Superliga, the top-flight of football in the country. In addition to the domestic league, the club also competed in this season's edition of the Danish Cup, losing out in the third round to second division side Hvidovre.

2020–21 Danish Cup
The 2020–21 Danish Cup, also known as Sydbank Pokalen, was the 67th season of the Danish Cup competition.

Randers defeated SønderjyskE in the final of the competition on 13 May 2021. As the winner of the tournament, Randers earned qualification into the play-off round of the 2021–22 UEFA Europa League.
Glenn Weiss
Glenn Weiss is an American producer and director of television and live events. He has won 14 Emmy Awards and eight Directors Guild of America awards as a director and producer for various awards shows and reality shows including the Tony Awards, Kennedy Center Honors, and Academy Awards.  As of 2026, he is the director of the Academy Awards, Golden Globe Awards and Primetime Emmy Awards.

Directors Guild of America
The Directors Guild of America (DGA) is an entertainment guild that represents the interests of film and television directors in the United States motion picture industry and abroad. Founded as the Screen Directors Guild in 1936, the group merged with the Radio and Television Directors Guild in 1960 to become the modern Directors Guild of America.
American Joe Miedusiewski
American Joe Miedusiewski (med-ah-SHEV-skee; born Joseph Francis Miedusiewski; October 17, 1949) is an American politician who served as a member of the Maryland Senate from 1989 to 1995, and the Maryland House of Delegates from 1975 to 1989. A member of the Democratic Party, he unsuccessfully ran for Governor of Maryland in 1994, placing second behind Prince George's County Executive Parris Glendening in the Democratic primary.

Governor of Maryland
The governor of the State of Maryland is the head of government of Maryland, and is the commander-in-chief of the state's National Guard units. The governor is the highest-ranking official in the state and has a broad range of appointive powers in both the state and local governments, as specified by the Maryland Constitution (1867, and revisions/amendments).

The current governor is Wes Moore, who has been in office since 2023.
House of Gold (Twenty One Pilots song)
"House of Gold" is a song written and recorded by American alternative duo Twenty One Pilots from their third studio album, Vessel (2013). It is an alternative folk song driven by ukulele that is built on an aching melody and stomping drums. Tyler Joseph wrote and dedicated the song to his mother, Kelly Joseph.

The song was released as a single from the debut album, impacting radio on August 6, 2013. The accompanying music video for "House of Gold" was directed by Warren Kommers and released on October 2, 2013. The video depicts Joseph and Josh Dun being severed in half while still managing to play their instruments.

"House of Gold" received generally favorable reviews from contemporary music critics. "House of Gold" has since been certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).

Ukulele
The ukulele (/ˌjuːkəˈleɪli/ YOO-kə-LAY-lee; Hawaiian: [ʔukulele]), also called a uke (informally), is a member of the lute (ancient guitar) family of instruments. The ukulele is of Portuguese origin and was popularized in Hawaii. The tone and volume of the instrument vary with size and construction. Ukuleles commonly come in four sizes: soprano, concert, tenor, and baritone.

Ukuleles generally have four nylon strings  tuned to GCEA (except baritone, which is normally tuned DGBE). They have 16–22 frets depending on the size.
Savannah McCarthy
Savannah McCarthy (born 26 March 1997) is an Irish football defender who plays for Shamrock Rovers of the Women's National League (WNL) and the Republic of Ireland. She previously played for UCD Waves and Cork City of the WNL, as well as for Glasgow City of the Scottish Women's Premier League (SWPL). She is a powerful centre back who can also play in midfield.

League of Ireland Women's Premier Division
The League of Ireland Women's Premier Division (sponsor name SSE Airtricity League Women's Premier Division) is a professional women's association football league in Ireland, organised by the League of Ireland, which began play in the 2023 season. The league consists of eleven teams, eight of which are owned by clubs with men's teams in the League of Ireland's Premier Division or First Division. The winners of the league qualify for the first round of the UEFA Women's Champions League in the following season.

The Women's Premier Division is the fourth incarnation of a national women's league at the highest level of the Republic of Ireland football league system, and the first fully-professional incarnation. It is the successor to the FAI and FAIW-run Ladies League of Ireland, which ran in two incarnations from 1973 to 1979, and from 1987 to 1989; and Women's National League (Irish: Sraith Náisiúnta na mBan), which ran from 2011 to 2022.
Moonnu Masangalku Mumbu
Moonnu Masangalku Mumbu (transl. Three months ago) is a 1986 Indian Malayalam-language courtroom drama film, directed by Cochin Haneefa and produced by Muhammed Mannil. The film stars Mammootty, Urvashi, Nedumudi Venu and Ambika. It was remade in Tamil as Paasa Paravaigal and in Telugu as Anna Chellelu.

Nedumudi Venu
Kesavan Venugopal (22 May 1948 – 11 October 2021), better known by his stage name Nedumudi Venu, was an Indian actor and screenwriter from Kerala, who predominantly worked in Malayalam cinema. He acted in more than 500 films, primarily in Malayalam and also in Tamil, in a career spanning nearly five decades. He wrote screenplays and directed one film. Nedumudi Venu won three National Film Awards, three Filmfare Award South and six Kerala State Film Awards for his performances in various movies.
Omani rial sign
The Omani rial sign is the currency sign used for the Omani rial, the official currency of Oman. The design was presented to the public by the Central Bank of Oman on 19 November 2025. It consists stylized Arabic letters ʿayn (ع‎) and rāʾ (ر‎), crossed by two lines. The symbol should precede the value, e.g., 10, with an intervening space.

The symbol is scheduled to be available in Unicode version 18.0 as U+20C4 omani rial sign, expected for September 2026.

Ayin
Ayin (also ayn or ain; transliterated  ⟨ʿ ⟩) is the sixteenth letter of the Semitic scripts, including Phoenician ʿayin 𐤏, Hebrew ʿayin ע‎, Aramaic ʿē 𐡏, Syriac ʿē ܥ, and Arabic ʿayn ع‎ (where it is sixteenth in abjadi order only). It is related to the Ancient North Arabian 𐪒‎‎, South Arabian 𐩲, and Ge'ez ዐ.

The letter represents a voiced pharyngeal fricative (/ʕ/) or a similarly articulated consonant. In some Semitic languages and dialects, the phonetic value of the letter has changed, or the phoneme has been lost altogether. In the revived Modern Hebrew it is reduced to a glottal stop or is omitted entirely, in part due to Ashkenazi European influence and their difficulty in pronouncing the consonant.

The Phoenician letter is the origin of the Greek, Latin and Cyrillic letters O, O and O. It is also the origin of the Armenian letters Ո and Օ.

The Arabic character is the origin of the Latin-script letter Ƹ.
Rosemary Seninde
Rosemary Nansubuga Seninde, also Rosemary Nansubuga Sseninde (née Rosemary Nansubuga) (born 7 January 1965), is a Ugandan educator and politician. 
She was the State Minister for Primary Education in the Ugandan Cabinet for five years. She was appointed to that position on 6 June 2016, replacing John Chrysostom Muyingo  who became State Minister for Higher Education. She was succeeded by Joyce Moriku.

John Chrysestom Muyingo
John Chrysestom Muyingo is a Ugandan educator and politician. He is the State Minister for Higher Education in the Ugandan Cabinet. He was appointed to that position on 6 June 2016. He previously served as the State Minister for Primary Education from 1 March 2015 until 5 June 2016. Before that, from 27 May 2011 until 1 March 2015, he served as the State Minister for Higher Education, having replaced Mwesigwa Rukutana in May 2011. Muyingo was also the elected Member of Parliament for Bamunanika County, Luweero District. In the 2021 general elections he lost the seat to his former campaign manager and personal assistant, Robert Ssekitoleko who run on the National Unity Platform party ticket.
Douglas Crimp
John Douglas Crimp (August 19, 1944 – July 5, 2019) was an American art historian, critic, curator, and AIDS activist. He was known for his scholarly contributions to the fields of postmodern theories and art, institutional critique, dance, film, queer theory, and feminist theory. His writings are marked by a conviction to merge the often disjunctive worlds of politics, art, and academia. From 1977 to 1990, he was the managing editor of the journal October. Before his death, Crimp was Fanny Knapp Allen Professor of Art History and professor of Visual and Cultural Studies at the University of Rochester.

Queer theory
Queer theory is a field of post-structuralist critical theory which is broadly associated with the study and theorization of gender and sexual practices that exist outside of heterosexuality, and which challenge heteronormativity. Following social constructionist developments in sociology, queer theorists are often critical of what they consider essentialist views of sexuality and gender. Instead, they study those concepts as social and cultural phenomena, often through an analysis of the categories, binaries, and language in which they are said to be portrayed.

It emerged in the early 1990s out of queer studies (formerly often known as gay and lesbian studies) and women's studies. As an academic discipline, queer theory itself was developed by American feminist scholars Judith Butler and Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick. Other scholars associated with the development of queer theory are French post-structuralist philosopher Michel Foucault, and American feminist author Gloria Anzaldúa.
Danielle Wineman
Danielle Wineman  is an American actress and beauty pageant titleholder from Cut Bank, Montana, who was named Montana's Junior Miss 2010 and crowned Miss Montana 2015. She competed for the Miss America 2016 title in September 2015. Her younger sister, Alexis Wineman, was crowned Miss Montana 2012.

Miss Montana
The Miss Montana competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the U.S. state of Montana in the Miss America pageant.

Unlike most state pageants in the Miss America system, Montana does not use preliminary local pageants to limit entrants to the state-level competition. They accept at large contestants after an application and interview process.

Haley Joy Tate of Missoula was crowned Miss Montana 2025 on June 21, 2025, at the Motherlode Theatre in Butte, Montana. She competed for the title of Miss America 2026.
2019 CircuitCity.com 250
The 2019 CircuitCity.com 250 was a NASCAR Xfinity Series race held on June 16, 2019, at Iowa Speedway in Newton, Iowa. Contested over 250 laps on the 0.8-mile (1.3 km) D-shaped oval, it was the 14th race of the 2019 NASCAR Xfinity Series season.

Newton, Iowa
Newton is the county seat of and the most populous city in Jasper County, Iowa, United States. Located 30 miles (48 km) east of Des Moines, Newton is in Central Iowa. As of the 2020 Census, the city population was 15,760. It is the home of Iowa Speedway and Maytag Dairy Farms.
Expensive Husbands
Expensive Husbands is a 1937 American comedy film directed by Bobby Connolly and written by Lillie Hayward, Jean Negulesco and Jay Brennan. The film stars Patric Knowles, Beverly Roberts, Allyn Joslyn, Gordon Oliver, Vladimir Sokoloff and Eula Guy. The film was released by Warner Bros. Pictures on November 27, 1937.

Beverly Roberts
Beverly Louise Roberts (May 19, 1914 – July 13, 2009) was an American film and stage actress of the 1930s, as well as a singer and painter. She worked as a business executive in the entertainment industry through the 1970s.
Rayborn, Missouri
Rayborn is an unincorporated community in eastern Wright County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. Rayborn is located on Missouri Route 38, between Hartville and Graff. The intersection of Route 38 and Missouri Route 95 is approximately 2.5 miles to the east of the town.

Graff, Missouri
Graff is an unincorporated community in eastern Wright County, Missouri, United States. It is located on Missouri Route 38, 12.5 miles (20.1 km) east-northeast of Hartville.

A post office called Graff has been in operation since 1899. The community most likely was formerly called "Groff".  The Groff family were among the first settlers.
Devils and Realist
Devils and Realist (Japanese: 魔界王子 devils and realist, Hepburn: Makai Ōji: Devils and Realist) is a Japanese manga series written by Madoka Takadono and illustrated by Utako Yukihiro. It was serialized in Ichijinsha's josei manga magazine Monthly Comic Zero Sum from October 2009 to February 2018, with its chapters collected in fifteen tankōbon volumes as of July 2018.

Seven Seas Entertainment licensed the manga for an English-language release in North America; they published the fifteen volumes between April 2014, and March 2019. An anime adaptation was animated by Doga Kobo and aired from July 2013 to September 2013, licensed in North America by Sentai Filmworks.

Ichijinsha
Ichijinsha Inc. (Japanese: 株式会社一迅社, Hepburn: Kabushiki-gaisha Ichijinsha) is a Japanese publishing company focused on manga-related publication, including magazines and books.

The company was first established in August 1992 as a limited company under the name Studio DNA whose main purpose was to edit shōnen manga. In January 1998, Studio DNA became a public company and moved from merely editing to now being a publishing company. In December 2001, a publishing company was formed named Issaisha which started the shōjo manga magazine Monthly Comic Zero Sum. In March 2005, Studio DNA and Issaisha merged into the current Ichijinsha company. In October 2016, Ichijinsha was acquired by Kodansha and became its wholly owned subsidiary.
United States Department of Defense aerospace vehicle designation
Joint Regulation 4120.15E: Designating and Naming Military Aerospace Vehicles is the current system for designating all aircraft, helicopters, rockets, missiles, spacecraft, and other aerial vehicles in military use by the United States Armed Forces.

United States military aircraft serial numbers
In the United States, all military aircraft display a serial number to identify individual aircraft. These numbers are located on the aircraft tail, so they are sometimes referred to unofficially as "tail numbers". On the Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit bomber, lacking a tail, the number appears on the nose gear door. Individual agencies have each evolved their own system of serial number identification.  Aircraft serials are part of the Aircraft Visual Identification System, which also includes the aircraft's tail code and Modex.
Walt Whitman Shops
Walt Whitman Shops (formerly known as Walt Whitman Mall) is a shopping mall in Huntington Station, New York, on Long Island. The mall features the traditional retailers Macy's, Bloomingdale's, and Saks Fifth Avenue. The mall is named for the poet Walt Whitman due to the close proximity to his birthplace, a state historic site, located near the mall.

The mall is owned and managed by Simon Property Group, one of the largest developers of shopping malls in the US.

Bloomingdale's
Bloomingdale's Inc. is an upmarket American department store chain founded in 1861 by Joseph Bloomingdale and Lyman Bloomingdale. It was acquired by Federated Department Stores in 1930.  Federated purchased Macy's department store chain in 1994 and was renamed Macy's, Inc. in 2007.

As of 2024, Bloomingdale's had a total of 32 directly-owned department stores, 21 outlet stores and 4 Bloomie's by Bloomingdale's concept stores. Nordstrom is its primary competitor.  Internationally, Bloomingdale's has 3 franchised stores in Dubai and Kuwait.

Comparable sales rose 9% in the third quarter of 2025 — the strongest gain in 13 quarters. In 2025 and 2026, the company added  brands including Chloé, Burberry, Casablanca, Bottega Veneta, Jacquemus, Khaite, Roger Vivier, Skims, and Zimmermann. Its headquarters and flagship store are located at 59th Street and Lexington Avenue in  Manhattan, New York City. Its CEO is Olivier Bron.
Castro Pretorio
Castro Pretorio is the 18th rione of Rome, Italy, identified by the initials R. XVIII, and it is located within the Municipio I. The rione takes its name by the ruins of the Castrum Praetorium, the barracks of the Praetorian Guard, included in the Aurelian Walls.

National Roman Museum of Palazzo Massimo
The Palazzo Massimo alle Terme is the main of the four sites of the Roman National Museum, along with the original site of the Baths of Diocletian, which currently houses the epigraphic and protohistoric section, Palazzo Altemps, home to the Renaissance collections of ancient sculpture, and the Crypta Balbi, home to the early medieval collection.

It is located in the Esquilino district, near Termini Station.
NthWORD
nthWORD was an American quarterly online magazine for creative people. The magazine published works of fiction, creative non-fiction, poetry and art by established and emerging writers and artists, and mock ads.

In addition, nthWORD conducted interviews with commercial and independent artists and professionals working in a variety of creative disciplines and maintained nthWORD Shorts, a blog with a focus on creativity. nthWORD Shorts included daily and weekly posts on art, culture and entertainment—including filmmaking, literature, design, publishing, photography, and social media, artist interviews and reviews on theatre, books, film and technology.

Notable contributors included award-winning poet Lyn Lifshin, director Antoine Fuqua, humorist Harmon Leon, best-selling author David Henry Sterry, multidisciplinary artist Michael Holman, advertising executive Mat Zucker of Ogilvy & Mather, filmmaker Liz Canner and RT anchor Abby Martin.

Ogilvy (agency)
Ogilvy is a New York City-based British advertising, marketing, and public relations agency. It was founded in 1850 by Edmund Mather as a London-based agency. In 1964, the firm became known as Ogilvy & Mather after merging with a New York City agency that was founded in 1948 by David Ogilvy.

The agency is part of the WPP Group global agency network. It provides services in five areas: growth and innovation; advertising, brand and content; public relations and influence; experience; and health. It also operates a strategy division Ogilvy Consulting.
LoveLikeFire
LoveLikeFire is a San Francisco-based indie rock band. The group was formed in 2006 and whilst an unsigned artist they independently released two EPs, Bed of Gold (2006) and An Ocean in the Air (2007), as well as mounted a self-organized national tour to promote the latter release. The band then signed to Heist Or Hit Records and a full-length album was released in the UK in Autumn 2009. This album Tear Ourselves Away was released in the US in early 2010. LoveLikeFire has received significant media and critical coverage in San Francisco Bay Area publications (San Francisco magazine, East Bay Express, SFist, SF Weekly, Palo Alto Daily News, San Francisco Chronicle) as well as in the national and out-of-town media (Spin, The A.V. Club, LimeWire Music Blog, WOXY.com, LA Weekly), and has stylistically been identified as exhibiting Britpop, dream pop, indie pop, and shoegazing influences.

LA Weekly
LA Weekly is a free weekly alternative newspaper in Los Angeles, California. The paper covers music, arts, film, theater, culture, and other local news in the Los Angeles area, in addition to sponsoring local events. LA Weekly was founded in 1978 by Jay Levin (among others), and he served as the publication's editor from 1978 to 1991, as well as its president from 1978 to 1992.
Iliya Argirov
Iliya Argirov (Bulgarian: Илия Аргиров) (March 19, 1931 – November 17, 2012) was a prominent Bulgarian folk singer from the Macedonian folklore region and one of the symbols of the Bulgarian folklore music.

Macedonia (region)
Macedonia (/ˌmæsɪˈdoʊniə/ ⓘ MASS-ih-DOH-nee-ə) is a geographical and historical region of the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. Its boundaries have changed considerably over time; however, it came to be defined as the modern geographical region by the mid-19th century. Today the region is considered to include parts of six Balkan countries: all of North Macedonia, large parts of Greece and Bulgaria, and smaller parts of Albania, Serbia, and Kosovo. Greek Macedonia comprises about half of Macedonia's area and population.

Its oldest known settlements date back approximately to 7,000 BC. From the middle of the 4th century BC, the Kingdom of Macedon became the dominant power on the Balkan Peninsula; since then Macedonia has had a diverse history.
1970 Pacific Southwest Open – Men's doubles
The 1970 Pacific Southwest Open – Men's doubles was an event of the 1970 Pacific Southwest Open tennis tournament and was played on outdoor hard courts at the Los Angeles Tennis Center in Los Angeles, California in the United States between September 21 and September 27, 1970. Pancho Gonzales and Ron Holmberg were the defending Pacific Southwest Open champions but did not compete together in this edition. Sixth-seeded team of Tom Okker and Marty Riessen won the doubles title by defeating fifth-seeded pairing Bob Lutz and Stan Smith in the final 7–6, 6–2.

1970 Pacific Southwest Open
The 1970 Pacific Southwest Open was a combined men's and women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Los Angeles Tennis Club in Los Angeles, California in the United States. The men's tournament was part of the Grand Prix tennis circuit. It was the 44th edition of the tournament and ran from September 21 through September 27, 1970. Rod Laver and Sharon Walsh won the singles titles.
Lauren Ford
Lauren Ford (23 January 1891 - 30 August 1973) was an American painter and author. Ford's works were held at the Corcoran Gallery of Art and Museum of Modern Art. Outside of painting, her book The Ageless Story was named a Caldecott Medal Honor in 1940.

Corcoran Gallery of Art
The Corcoran Gallery of Art was an art museum in Washington, D.C., at the location where the Corcoran School of the Arts and Design, a part of the George Washington University, is now.

Founded in 1869 by philanthropist William Wilson Corcoran, the gallery was one of the earliest public art museums in the United States.  It held an important collection that became concentrated in American art. In 1890, it started its art school. Its Beaux-Arts style building on The Ellipse was opened in 1897. Due to a prolonged economic shortfall, the Gallery failed in October 2014; pursuant to its founding charter, its art school and building transferred to GWU and the 19,456 works in its collection were distributed to other public museums and institutions in Washington, D.C., primarily the National Gallery of Art.