hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stochastic Signal Density Modulation
Stochastic Signal Density Modulation (SSDM) is a novel power modulation technique primarily used for LED power control. The information is encoded - or the power level is set - using pulses that have pseudo-random widths. The pulses are produced so that, on average, the produced signal will have the desired ratio between high and low states. The main benefit of using SSDM over, for example, Pulse-width modulation (PWM), which is usually the preferred method for controlling LED power, is reduced electromagnetic interference. Figure 1 illustrates a SSDM signal and demonstrates how the average signal density approaches desired value. The pseudo-random pulses in the signal are visible.

SSDM can be seen as a special case of Pulse-density modulation (PDM) or Random Pulse Width Modulation (RPWM).

Pulse-density modulation
Pulse-density modulation (PDM) is a form of modulation used to represent an analog signal with a binary signal.  In a PDM signal, specific amplitude values are not encoded into codewords of pulses of different weight as they would be in pulse-code modulation (PCM); rather, the relative density of the pulses corresponds to the analog signal's amplitude. The output of a 1-bit DAC is the same as the PDM encoding of the signal.
Hiezu, Tottori
Hiezu (日吉津村, Hiezu-son) is a village in Saihaku District, Tottori Prefecture, Japan.  As of 31 December 2022, it had an estimated population of 3,955 in 1277 households and a population density of 860 persons per km2. Its total area is 4.2 square kilometres (1.6 sq mi).

Tottori Prefecture
Tottori Prefecture (鳥取県, Tottori-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [tot.to.ɾʲi, tot.to.ɾʲiꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūgoku region of Honshu. Tottori Prefecture is the least populous prefecture of Japan at 538,525 (2023) and has a geographic area of 3,507.13 square kilometres (1,354.11 mi2). Tottori Prefecture borders Shimane Prefecture to the west, Hiroshima Prefecture to the southwest, Okayama Prefecture to the south, and Hyōgo Prefecture to the east.

Tottori is the capital and largest city of Tottori Prefecture, with other major cities including Yonago, Kurayoshi, and Sakaiminato. Tottori Prefecture is home to the Tottori Sand Dunes, the largest sand dunes system in Japan, and Mount Daisen, the highest peak in the Chūgoku Mountains.
Malcolm Ross (journalist)
Malcolm Ross (13 July 1862 – 15 April 1930) was a New Zealand journalist, mountain climber, and a war correspondent during the First World War. Born in Otago, he was employed by the Otago Daily Times from 1882 until 1889, when he began working for the Union Steam Ship Company. He resumed his career as a fulltime journalist in 1897, relocating to Wellington to report on parliamentary matters. Following the outbreak of the First World War, he went to German Samoa to cover its seizure by the New Zealand Military Forces. He was selected as the official war correspondent for New Zealand, reporting on the exploits of the New Zealand Expeditionary Force at Gallipoli and in Europe. His dispatches were criticised for their boring style and lack of timeliness although the latter was mainly as a consequence of constraints placed on him by the New Zealand Government. After the war he resumed his career as a member of the press gallery covering parliament until his retirement in 1926.

Otago Daily Times
The Otago Daily Times (ODT) is a newspaper published by Allied Media Ltd in Dunedin, New Zealand. The ODT is one of the country's four main daily newspapers, serving the southern South Island with a circulation of around 26,000 and a combined print and digital annual audience of 304,000. Founded in 1861 it is New Zealand's oldest surviving daily newspaper – Christchurch's The Press, six months older, was a weekly paper until March 1863.

Its motto is "Optima Durant" or "Quality Endures".
Maurice Quinlivan
Maurice Quinlivan (born 1967/1968) is an Irish Sinn Féin politician who has been a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Limerick City constituency since the 2016 general election. He was appointed Chair of the Committee on Enterprise, Trade and Employment in September 2020. He was chosen as Sinn Féin's nominee for Mayor of Limerick, at the 2024 election.

He gained prominence for being libelled by Willie O'Dea, while O'Dea was Minister for Defence.

Minister for Defence (Ireland)
The Minister for Defence (Irish: An tAire Cosanta) is a senior minister in the Government of Ireland and leads the Department of Defence. The current Minister for Defence is Helen McEntee, TD. She is also Minister for Foreign Affairs and Trade.

The department is responsible for the Irish Defence Forces. The Ministers and Secretaries Acts 1924 assigned the minister the additional title of Commander-in-Chief as the Chairman of the Council of Defence. The Defence Act 1954 removed this title, as a result of the reconstitution of the Council of Defence. The President of Ireland, a largely ceremonial role, is considered the Supreme Commander of the Defence Forces. In practice, the Minister acts on the President's behalf and reports to the Irish Government. The Minister for Defence is advised by the Council of Defence on the business of the Department of Defence.

The Minister is assisted by a Minister of State at the Department of Defence, Thomas Byrne, TD.
My Son, the Hero
My Son, the Hero (Italian title: Arrivano i titani - The Coming of the Titans; alternative UK title: Sons of Thunder) is a 1962 mythological sword-and-sandal comedy film directed by Duccio Tessari and starring Giuliano Gemma, Jacqueline Sassard, Pedro Armendáriz, Antonella Lualdi and Serge Nubret.

Pedro Armendáriz
Pedro Gregorio Armendáriz Hastings (May 9, 1912 – June 18, 1963) was a Mexican and American actor. With the actresses Dolores del Río and María Félix, he was one of the best-known Latin American movie stars of the 1940s and 1950s. He won the Ariel Award for Best Actor twice (out of six nominations), for The Pearl (1948) and Soledad's Shawl (1952).
Pilar Del Rey
Pilar Bougas (May 26, 1929 – February 23, 2025), known professionally as Pilar Del Rey, was an American actress whose career spanned from the late 1940s until 1990. She was best known for portraying Mrs. Obregón in the 1956 epic film Giant.

Giant (1956 film)
Giant is a 1956 American epic drama film directed by George Stevens, from a screenplay adapted by Fred Guiol and Ivan Moffat from Edna Ferber's 1952 novel. The film stars Elizabeth Taylor, Rock Hudson, and James Dean; and features Carroll Baker, Jane Withers, Chill Wills, Mercedes McCambridge, Dennis Hopper, Sal Mineo, Rod Taylor, Elsa Cárdenas, and Earl Holliman.

Giant was the last of Dean's three films as a leading actor, and earned him his second and final Academy Award nomination – he was killed in a car crash before the film was released. His friend Nick Adams was called in to do some voice dubbing for Dean's role.

In 2005, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically or aesthetically significant".
Tony Ruprecht
Tony Ruprecht (born 12 December 1942) is a Canadian former politician. His first elected position was as an alderman in the old Toronto City Council, in the late 1970s. He became a member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario in 1981, and served in premier David Peterson's cabinet as minister without portfolio from 1985 to 1987. Ruprecht represented Toronto's Parkdale and then Davenport constituencies for the Liberal Party of Ontario for 30 years. On 5 July 2011, he announced that he was leaving politics and would not seek re-election in the October 2011 provincial election.

David Peterson
David Robert Peterson PC OOnt ECO KC (born December 28, 1943) is a Canadian lawyer and former politician who served as the 20th premier of Ontario from 1985 to 1990. He was the first Liberal officeholder in 42 years, ending the so-called Tory dynasty.
K. C. Cole
K. C. Cole (born August 22, 1946) is an American science writer, author, radio commentator  and professor emerita at the USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism.
She has covered science for The Los Angeles Times since 1994, as well as writing for many other publications, and has been described as "the queen of the metaphor in science writing".

Of the ten books she has written, eight are nonfiction. These include the bestseller The Universe and the Teacup: The Mathematics of Truth and Beauty (1998), which has been translated into a dozen languages, and her memoir about her late mentor, Frank Oppenheimer, Something Incredibly Wonderful Happens: Frank Oppenheimer and the World He Made Up (2009).

Cole has received awards from the National Women's Political Caucus, the American Crystallographic Association, the American Institute of Physics and the Skeptics Society, among others.  She is a Lifetime Honorary Member of  Sigma Xi.

The Skeptics Society
The Skeptics Society is a nonprofit, member-supported organization devoted to promoting scientific skepticism and resisting the spread of pseudoscience, superstition, and irrational beliefs. The Skeptics Society was co-founded by Michael Shermer and Pat Linse as a Los Angeles-area skeptical group to replace the defunct Southern California Skeptics. After the success of its Skeptic magazine, introduced in early 1992, it became a national and then international organization. Their stated mission "is the investigation of science and pseudoscience controversies, and the promotion of critical thinking."
Max Barrett
Arthur Max Barrett, MD (28 July 1909 – 11 December 1961) was a university morbid anatomist and histologist at the University of Cambridge, and an honorary consulting pathologist to the United Cambridge Hospitals and to the East Anglian Regional Hospital Board. He wrote numerous works, often cited in medical literature. The Barrett Room at Addenbrooke's Hospital is named in his honour, as is a prize for the undergraduate Part II Pathology Tripos at the University of Cambridge. He was the father of Syd Barrett, a founder member of the band Pink Floyd.

Addenbrooke's Hospital
Addenbrooke's Hospital is a large teaching hospital and research centre in Cambridge, England, with strong affiliations to the University of Cambridge.  Addenbrooke's Hospital is located on the Cambridge Biomedical Campus. It is run by Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and is a designated academic health science centre. It is also the East of England's major trauma centre and was the first such centre to be operational in the United Kingdom.
Pefaur Peninsula
The Pefaur Peninsula (64°27′00″S 61°27′00″W﻿ / ﻿64.45000°S 61.45000°W﻿ / -64.45000; -61.45000﻿ (Pefaur Peninsula)), also called Península Ventimiglia,  is a peninsula which constitutes the separation between Hughes Bay, to the north, and Charlotte Bay, to the south, on the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula.

Murray Island, Antarctica
Murray Island (64°22′S 61°34′W﻿ / ﻿64.367°S 61.567°W﻿ / -64.367; -61.567﻿ (Murray Island)) is an island 6 nautical miles (11 km; 6.9 mi) long lying at the south-west side of Hughes Bay, off the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica.
Osos de Monterrey
The Osos de Monterrey (English: Monterrey Bears) are an American football team based in Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico. The Osos compete in the Liga de Fútbol Americano Profesional (LFA), the top American football league in Mexico. The team plays its home games at the Estadio Banorte.

A group of American pro athletes, led by Blake Griffin and Ryan Kalil, bought the Fundidores de Monterrey franchise before rebranding the team as the Osos.

Ryan Kalil
Ryan Joseph Kalil (born March 29, 1985) is an American film and television producer and former professional football player. He played as a center in the National Football League (NFL), primarily with the Carolina Panthers. He was a three-time All-Pro, twice named to the first team, and a five-time Pro Bowl selection.

Kalil played college football for the USC Trojans, where he was a member of two national championship teams, was named a first-team All-American, and won the 2006 Morris Trophy. He was selected by the Panthers in the second round of the 2007 NFL draft, where he played for 12 seasons. He also played one season with the New York Jets. Kalil was selected to the Pro Bowl in 2009, 2010, 2011, 2013, and 2015.
Anthony Bardon
Anthony Michael Bardon (born 19 January 1993) is a football coach and former player. A  central midfielder, he played for the Gibraltar national football team and at club level for Lincoln Red Imps.

After retiring from senior football in 2019, he relocated to the United States. He is the owner, director and head coach for Lincoln FC Dallas Fort Worth in the Metroplex Premier League.

Gibraltar national football team
The Gibraltar national football team represents Gibraltar in men's international football competitions, and is controlled by the Gibraltar Football Association. Gibraltar applied for full Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) membership and was accepted by the UEFA Congress in May 2013. It can therefore compete in the UEFA European Championship starting with the 2016 tournament for which the team competed in UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying Group D. On 13 May 2016 Gibraltar became a member of FIFA at the governing body's 66th Congress which was held in Mexico City. Gibraltar is the second smallest UEFA member in terms of population (only San Marino has a smaller population) and the smallest in terms of area.

Despite not being an island, Gibraltar set up its first official side for the football competition at the 1993 Island Games and has been a regular in the tournament, winning the 2007 edition.
Love Makes 'Em Wild
Love Makes 'Em Wild is a 1927 American comedy film directed by Albert Ray and written by Harold Shumate. The film stars John Harron, Sally Phipps, Ben Bard, Arthur Housman, J. Farrell MacDonald and Natalie Kingston. The film was released on March 6, 1927, by Fox Film Corporation.

John Harron
John Harron (March 31, 1904 – November 24, 1939) was an American actor. He appeared in more than 160 films between 1918 and 1939.

Born on March 31, 1904, in New York City, he was the brother of actor Robert Harron and of actress Mary Harron.

Harron graduated from Santa Clara University. His film debut came in Through the Back Door (1921). After acting for Universal, he was under contract to Warner Bros. Harron "achieved great success on the silent screen but was reduced to minor roles or minor films with the coming of sound."

Harron died in Seattle, Washington from spinal meningitis. He is buried in Calvary Cemetery in Los Angeles.
Kiewa Hydroelectric Scheme
The Kiewa Hydroelectric Scheme is the largest hydro-electric scheme in the Australian state of Victoria and the second-largest in mainland Australia after the Snowy Mountains Scheme. The scheme is situated in the Australian Alps in north-eastern Victoria about 350 kilometres (220 miles) from Melbourne and is wholly owned by AGL Energy. In 2024, AGL studied the options of expanding the scheme with pumped-storage hydroelectricity.

The scheme was originally constructed between 1938 and 1961 by the State Electricity Commission of Victoria although it was privatised in the 1990s. The scheme was originally developed solely for electricity generation, unlike the Snowy Mountains Scheme, which was also intended to direct water west of the Snowy Mountains for purposes of irrigation.

AGL Energy
AGL Energy Ltd is an Australian listed public company involved in both the generation and retailing of electricity and gas for residential and commercial use. It is one of the "big three" retailers in the National Electricity Market. AGL is Australia's largest electricity generator, and the nation's largest carbon emitter.

In 2022, 83% of its energy came from burning coal. It is, however, targeting 12 gigawatts of new renewable energy by 2035, when all of its coal fire generators are aimed to be closed. It closed Liddell Power Station in 2023, but aims to close Bayswater Power Station in 2033, and Loy Yang A Power Station in 2035.
Africa Morocco Link
Africa Morocco Link (AML) is a ferry company based in Morocco, founded in 2016. It operates maritime connections between Morocco and Spain, with regular crossings between the ports of Tanger Med and Algeciras, and between Tanger Ville and Tarifa.

Tarifa
Tarifa (Spanish pronunciation: [taˈɾifa]) is a Spanish municipality in the province of Cádiz, Andalusia. Located at the southernmost end of the Iberian Peninsula, it is primarily known as one of the world's most popular destinations for windsports. Tarifa lies on the Costa de la Luz ('coast of light') and across the Strait of Gibraltar facing Morocco.

Besides the city proper, the municipality also comprises several villages, including Tahivilla, Facinas, and Bolonia.
No. 5 Elementary Flying Training School RAAF
No. 5 Elementary Flying Training School (No. 5 EFTS) was a Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) pilot training unit that operated during World War II. It was one of twelve elementary flying training schools employed by the RAAF to provide introductory flight instruction to new pilots as part of Australia's contribution to the Empire Air Training Scheme. No. 5 EFTS was established in June 1940 at Narromine, New South Wales, and primarily operated Tiger Moths. It ceased training in June 1944, after more than 3,700 students had passed through.

British Commonwealth Air Training Plan
The British Commonwealth Air Training Plan (BCATP), often referred to as simply "The Plan", was a large-scale multinational military aircrew training program created by the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and New Zealand during the Second World War. The BCATP remains one of the single largest aviation training programs in history and was responsible for training nearly half the pilots, navigators, bomb aimers, air gunners, wireless operators and flight engineers who served with the Royal Air Force (RAF), Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm (FAA), Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF), Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) and Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF) during the war.

Trainees from many other countries attended schools under the Plan, including Rhodesia, Argentina, Belgium, Ceylon, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, Fiji, Free France, Greece, the Netherlands, Newfoundland, Norway, Poland, and the United States.

Canada was chosen as the primary location for the BCATP's training operations.
Aidan McGrath
Aidan McGrath is an Irish youth activist. He is the former President of Ireland's National Youth Organisation. He was twice elected to represent his Constituency of Fingal in Ireland's National Youth Parliament, Dáil na nÓg, and was chairperson of both the Swords Youth Council and the Fingal Comhairle na nÓg. McGrath is a member of both Fingal County Council's General Strategic Policy Committee and the Planning Strategic Policy Committee. In 2010 he was named one of the top Youth Leaders in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland by the National Association of Principals and Deputy Principals and the General Teaching Council for Northern Ireland. McGrath continues to maintain a public profile in the area of political activism, and in 2012 he was named one of the top ten outstanding young people of Ireland by Junior Chamber International.

Fingal County Council
Fingal County Council (Irish: Comhairle Contae Fhine Gall) is the local authority of the county of Fingal, Ireland. It is one of three local authorities that succeeded the former Dublin County Council on abolition on 1 January 1994 and is one of four local authorities in County Dublin. As a county council, it is governed by the Local Government Act 2001. The council is responsible for housing and community, roads and transport, urban planning and development, amenity and culture, and environment. The council has 40 elected members. Elections are held every five years on the electoral system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV). The head of the council has the title of Mayor. The county administration is headed by a chief executive, AnnMarie Farrelly. The county town is Swords.
In Arcadia Ego
"In Arcadia Ego" is the eighteenth episode of the second season of the crime-thriller television series Millennium. It premiered on the Fox network on April 3, 1998. The episode was written by Chip Johannessen, and directed by Thomas J. Wright.

In this episode, offender profiler Frank Black (Lance Henriksen) tracks two women who have escaped from prison; they believe that one of them is pregnant with a virginal conception. "In Arcadia Ego" featured guest appearances from Mary-Pat Green and Ed Lauter.

Lance Henriksen
Lance Henriksen (born May 5, 1940) is an American actor. He is known for his roles in various science fiction, action and horror genre productions, including Bishop in the Alien film franchise and Frank Black in the television series Millennium (1996–99) and The X-Files (1999).

He has also done extensive voice work, including the Disney film Tarzan (1999) and the video games Gun (2005), Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 (2009) and BioWare's Mass Effect trilogy (2007–2012). Other film credits include The Right Stuff (1983), The Terminator (1984), Hard Target (1993), Color of Night (1994), The Quick and the Dead (1995), Powder (1995), Scream 3 (2000), Appaloosa (2008), and Falling (2020).

Henriksen was nominated for three Golden Globe Awards for his role on Millenium, and won a Saturn Award (out of four total nominations) for his performance in Hard Target. In 2021, he was nominated for a Canadian Screen Award for Best Actor for Falling.
Swafield
Swafield is a village and civil parish in the North Norfolk district of the county of Norfolk, England. The village is 16 miles (26 km) north north east of Norwich, 10 miles (16 km) south south east of Cromer and 1 mile (1.6 km) north of the town of North Walsham. The village sits astride the B1145 Kings Lynn to Mundesley road that bisects North Norfolk west to east. The nearest railway station is at North Walsham for the Bittern Line which runs between Sheringham and Norwich. The nearest airport is Norwich International Airport. The parish had in 2001 census, a population of 273, including Bradfield and increasing to 315 at the 2011 Census.

North Walsham
North Walsham is a market town and civil parish in the North Norfolk district of the county of Norfolk, England. The town is located 8 mi (13 km) south of Cromer and Norwich is 15 mi (24 km) south.

In local dialect, North Walsham is pronounced "Nor Walsham", "Wals'm" "Wolsam"; "North Wolshum"
Rice Bowl
The Japan Championship Rice Bowl is an annual American football national championship game held in Japan every January 3 that determines the champion of the X-League. The game was originally a collegiate all-star game until 1983. From 1984 to 2021, the game matched the champions of the Japan X Bowl with the college Koshien Bowl winners. However, after lopsided victories to the professional teams, discussions took place over whether this was a reasonable contest, and from 2022 the contest was changed so that it was between the two top professional teams. The game can draw over 30,000 spectators.

Koshien Bowl
The Koshien Bowl (甲子園ボウル) is the annual Japanese American college football national championship game, usually played in December at Koshien Stadium.

From the 1949 season until 2008 season, the game was held as the final game of Japan University American Football Championship.  From the 2008 season until 2023, the game was held between 2 universities from East Japan (Hokkaido, Tohoku, Kanto) and West Japan (Tokai, Hokuriku, Kansai, Chushikoku, Kyushu).

On December 4th, 2023, the Japan American Football Association announced it will move the Japan University American Football Championship to a 12 team format, eliminating regional matchups in favor of a mixed-conference bracket which began in 2024.

Kwansei Gakuin University Fighters is the most successful team with 34 titles (4 shared). Nihon University Phoenix is second with 21 titles (2 shared).