hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hordeum pusillum
Hordeum pusillum, also known as little barley, is an annual grass native to most of the United States and southwestern Canada. It arrived via multiple long-distance dispersals of a southern South American species of Hordeum about one million years ago. Its closest relatives are therefore not the other North American taxa like meadow barley (Hordeum brachyantherum) or foxtail barley (Hordeum jubatum), but rather Hordeum species of the Pampas of central Argentina and Uruguay. It is less closely related to the Old World domesticated barley, from which it diverged about 12 million years ago. It is diploid.

Hordeum jubatum
Hordeum jubatum, with common names foxtail barley, bobtail barley, squirreltail barley, and intermediate barley, is a perennial plant species in the grass family Poaceae. It occurs wild mainly in northern North America and adjacent northeastern Siberia. However, as it escaped often from gardens it can be found worldwide in areas with temperate to warm climates, and is considered a weed in many countries. The species is a polyploid and originated via hybridization of an East Asian Hordeum species with a close but extinct relative of Californian H. brachyantherum. It is grown as an ornamental plant for its attractive inflorescences and when done flowering for its inflorescence.
Yuehchukene
Yuehchukene is a dimeric indole alkaloid that shows anti-fertility and estrogenic activities. Yuehchukene is isolated from the roots of plants belonging to the genus Murraya. Its natural abundance is in the range of 10-52 ppm.

Yuehchukene consists of a tetracyclic unit with a C6 indole substituent. Since its discovery no other natural product of similar structure has been found. Particularly, yuehchukene differs from other natural bis-indole alkaloids because it does not seem to be derived from tryptophan.

The steric environments of the two nitrogen atoms are very different. One nitrogen is part of a rigid ring system and is shielded by the C6 indole. The other is part of the freely rotating indole making it readily assessable and therefore more reactive.

Tryptophan
Tryptophan (symbol Trp or W) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Tryptophan contains an α-amino group, an α-carboxylic acid group, and a side chain indole, making it a polar molecule with a non-polar aromatic beta carbon substituent. Tryptophan is also a precursor to the neurotransmitter serotonin, the hormone melatonin, and vitamin B3 (niacin). It is encoded by the codon UGG.

Like other amino acids, tryptophan is a zwitterion at physiological pH where the amino group is protonated (–NH+3; pKa = 9.39) and the carboxylic acid is deprotonated ( –COO−; pKa = 2.38).

Humans and many animals cannot synthesize tryptophan: they need to obtain it through their diet, making it an essential amino acid.

Tryptophan is named after the digestive enzymes trypsin, which were used in its first isolation from casein proteins. It was assigned the one-letter symbol W based on the double ring being visually suggestive to the bulky letter.
Uniform distribution on a Stiefel manifold
The uniform distribution on a Stiefel manifold is a matrix-variate distribution that plays an important role in multivariate statistics. There one often encounters integrals over the orthogonal group or over the Stiefel manifold with respect to an invariant measure. For example, this distribution arises in the study of the functional determinant under transformations involving orthogonal or semi-orthogonal matrices. The uniform distribution on the Stiefel manifold corresponds to the normalized Haar measure on the Stiefel manifold.

A random matrix uniformly distributed on the Stiefel manifold is invariant under the two-sided group action of the product  of orthogonal groups, i.e.  for all  and .

Random matrix
In probability theory and mathematical physics, a random matrix is a matrix-valued random variable—that is, a matrix in which some or all of its entries are sampled randomly from a probability distribution. Random matrix theory (RMT) is the study of properties of random matrices, often as they become large. RMT provides techniques like mean-field theory, diagrammatic methods, the cavity method, or the replica method to compute quantities like traces, spectral densities, or scalar products between eigenvectors. Many physical phenomena, such as the spectrum of nuclei of heavy atoms, the thermal conductivity of a lattice, or the emergence of quantum chaos, can be modeled mathematically as problems concerning large, random matrices.
Bernhard van den Sigtenhorst Meyer
Bernhard van den Sigtenhorst Meyer (or Sigtenhorst-Meyer; also Bernard) (1888–1953) was a Dutch composer and great connoisseur of the works of Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck.

He was born in Amsterdam on 17 June 1888, and died in The Hague 17 July 1953.

He studied music theory with Daniël de Lange, piano with Jean Baptiste Charles de Pauw and composition with Bernard Zweers.

In 1935, he was co-founder of the Association for Protestant church music (Vereniging voor Protestantse Kerkmuziek).

Notable students of Sigtenhorst-Meyer's included Hans Henkemans.

Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck
Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck (/ˈjɑːn ˈpiːtərsoʊn ˈsweɪlɪŋk/ YAHN PEE-tər-sohn SWAY-link; (April or May, 1562 – 16 October 1621) was a Dutch composer, organist, and pedagogue whose work straddled the end of the Renaissance and beginning of the Baroque eras. He was among the first major keyboard composers of Europe, and his work as a teacher helped establish the north German organ tradition.
Corso Venezia
Corso Venezia is a street in Milan, Italy. It is one of the city's most exclusive and elegant avenues, being part of the city's upscale Quadrilatero della moda shopping district, along with Via Montenapoleone, Via della Spiga, Via Sant'Andrea and Via Manzoni. It also boasts a great collection of Renaissance, Baroque, Rococo and Neo-classical palaces, parks and gardens.

Diesel (company)
45°41′30″N 11°33′42″E﻿ / ﻿45.691672°N 11.561608°E﻿ / 45.691672; 11.561608

Diesel S.p.A. is a retail brand headquartered in Breganze, Italy known for luxury denim which also vends clothing, footwear, and accessories. It is part of OTB Group.

Diesel USA filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in March 2019, and announced it would close some of its brick-and-mortar stores. Its parent company, Diesel SpA, was not part of the bankruptcy filing.

Belgian designer Glenn Martens was appointed artistic director of Diesel in October 2020.
Süleyman Çelebi
Süleyman Çelebi (also Emir Süleyman; fl. c. 1389/90 – 17 February 1411) was an Ottoman prince and a co-ruler of the Ottoman Empire for several years during the Ottoman Interregnum. There is a tradition of Western origin, according to which Suleiman the Magnificent was "Suleiman II", but that tradition has been based on an erroneous assumption that Süleyman Çelebi was to be recognised as a legitimate sultan.

Manuel II Palaiologos
Manuel II Palaiologos or Palaeologus (Greek: Μανουὴλ Παλαιολόγος, romanized: Manouḗl Palaiológos, pronounced [ma.nuˈil pa.le.oˈlo.ɣos]; 27 June 1350 – 21 July 1425) was Byzantine emperor from 1391 to 1425. Shortly before his death he was tonsured a monk and received the name Matthaios (Ματθαίος). Manuel was a vassal of the Ottoman Empire, which sometimes threatened to capture his territory outright. Accordingly he continued his father's practice of soliciting Western European aid against the Ottomans, and personally visited several foreign courts to plead his cause. These efforts failed, although an Ottoman civil war and Byzantine victories against Latin neighbors helped Manuel's government survive and slightly expand its influence. His wife Helena Dragaš saw to it that their sons, John VIII and Constantine XI, became emperors. He is commemorated by the Greek Orthodox Church on 21 July.
Theatre of Canada
Canada's contemporary theatre reflects a rich diversity of regional and cultural identities. Since the late 1960s, there has been a concerted effort to develop the voice of the 'Canadian playwright', which is reflected in the nationally focused programming of many of the country's theatres. Within this 'Canadian voice' are a plurality of perspectives - that of the First Nations, new immigrants, French Canadians, sexual minorities, etc. - and a multitude of theatre companies have been created to specifically service and support these voices.

Vancouver Playhouse Theatre Company
Theatre portal

Canada portal

The Vancouver Playhouse Theatre Company ("The Playhouse") was a regional theatre company, producing plays since 1962. Its first production was The Hostage by Brendan Behan, which opened on October 2, 1963. The company performed out of the Vancouver Playhouse, a civic theatre in Vancouver’s downtown core (at Hamilton and Dunsmuir), which is also home to the Vancouver Recital Society and the Friends of Chamber Music. Citing financial difficulties, the company announced that it would cease operations on March 10, 2012
Nuzvid Assembly constituency
Nuzvid Assembly constituency is a constituency in Eluru district of Andhra Pradesh that elects representatives to the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly in India. It is one of the seven assembly segments of Eluru Lok Sabha constituency.

Kolusu Parthasarathy is the current MLA of the constituency, having won the 2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election from Telugu Desam Party. As of 2019, there are a total of 230,650 electors in the constituency. The constituency was established in 1951, as per the Delimitation Orders (1951).

Eluru district
Eluru district is a district in coastal Andhra Region in  the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.  Eluru is its administrative headquarters. It is  formed from  from erstwhile West Godavari and  Krishna districts on 4 April 2022. It was restructured on 16 February 2023 with the transfer of Ganapavaram mandal to West Godavari district
John Frankland
The Very Revd John Frankland  (1669 – 1730) was an 18th-century academic and Dean in the Church of England.

The youngest son of Sir William Frankland, 1st Baronet, he was born at Thirkleby and educated at Eton College. He graduated B.A. from Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge in 1695, and M.A. in 1698. He was elected a Fellow of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge in 1700; and ordained a priest of the Church of England in 1702. He held livings in Oswaldkirk and Bristol.

Frankland was Dean of Gloucester from 1723 until 1729, and then Dean of Ely until his death on 3 September 1730, he was also elected Master of Sidney Sussex in 1726, and then Vice Chancellor of the University of Cambridge for 1728–29.

Dr Frankland married Mary Turton, leaving an only son the Revd John Frankland, also a clergyman.

Dean of Ely
The position of Dean of Ely Cathedral, in East Anglia, England, in the Diocese of Ely  was created in 1541 after the Dissolution of the Monasteries. The first Dean of Ely had been the last Benedictine prior of Ely.
2013 Roger Federer tennis season
Roger Federer's 2013 tennis season officially began on 14 January at the start of the 2013 Australian Open. This season saw Federer suffer a considerable decline in form, dropping five places to number 7 in the world, his lowest ranking in 11 years, and seeing his run of 36 consecutive grand slam quarterfinals ended by a second round defeat at Wimbledon. This year also marked the first time since 2002 where Federer did not reach a major final. His only title win of the season was a victory at the Gerry Weber Open in Halle, an ATP 250 event.

The decline in form can be largely attributed to the severe back injuries Federer suffered for much of the season, hampering his play from March through October. He first injured his back in the early rounds of Indian Wells and then re-injured it in the quarterfinals of Hamburg.

2013 Gerry Weber Open
The 2013 Gerry Weber Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts. It was the 21st edition of the event known that year as the Gerry Weber Open and was part of the ATP World Tour 250 series of the 2013 ATP World Tour. It took place at the Gerry Weber Stadion in Halle, Germany, between 8 June and 16 June 2013. First-seeded Roger Federer won his sixth singles title at the event..
GEMS Education
GEMS Education, founded as Global Education Management Systems (GEMS), is an international education company. It is one of the world's largest private school operators, and as of late 2022 it operates more than 60 schools across the Middle East and North Africa, and also has schools in Asia, Europe, and North America. Founded in Dubai by Sunny Varkey, the firm provides pre-school, primary, and secondary education.

Nord Anglia Education
Nord Anglia Education, commonly referred to as Nord Anglia, is an international private school operator headquartered in the United Kingdom.

With over 100,000 students enrolled in its schools, it has more than 80 private day and boarding schools located in 37 countries across the Americas, Europe, China, Southeast Asia, India and the Middle East.
Bhabha scattering
In quantum electrodynamics, Bhabha scattering is the electron-positron scattering process:

There are two leading-order Feynman diagrams contributing to this interaction: an annihilation process and a scattering process. Bhabha scattering is named after the Indian physicist Homi J. Bhabha who derived it in 1936.

The Bhabha scattering rate is used as a luminosity monitor in electron-positron colliders.

Due to crossing symmetry, Bhabha scattering has the same amplitude as Møller scattering.

Positron
The positron or antielectron is the particle with an electric charge of +1e, a spin of 1/2 ħ (the same as the electron), and the same mass as an electron. It is the antiparticle (antimatter counterpart) of the electron. When a positron collides with an electron, annihilation occurs. If this collision occurs at low energies, it results in the production of two or more photons.

Positrons can be created by positron emission radioactive decay (through weak interactions), or by pair production from a sufficiently energetic photon which is interacting with an atom in a material.
Josette Bushell-Mingo
Josette Bushell-Mingo OBE (born 16 February 1964) is a Sweden-based English theatre actress and director of African descent, who was born in London and has been living and working in Sweden for many years. In February 2021, the Royal Central School of Speech and Drama announced she had been appointed as the incoming Principal of the School. She is the first person of African descent, the first woman since 1942, and the third woman overall to hold this role. Previously, she served as artistic director for the National Touring Swedish Deaf Theatre ensemble TystTeater for 13 years before accepting a position as the Head of the theatre department at the Stockholm University of the Arts in 2019.

Swedish Sign Language
Swedish Sign Language (SSL; Swedish: Svenskt teckenspråk or STS) is the sign language used in Sweden. It is recognized by the Swedish government as the country's official sign language, and hearing parents of deaf individuals are entitled to access state-sponsored classes that facilitate their learning of STS. There are around 13,000 native speakers and a total of 30,000 speakers.
1934 Claxton Shield
The 1934 Claxton Shield was the first annual Claxton Shield, an Australian national baseball tournament. It was held at the Adelaide Oval and Hindmarsh Oval in Adelaide from 5 to 12 August, and was won by the hosts South Australia. The other participating teams were New South Wales and Victoria.

The tournament was the first of what would be an ongoing series of regular national tournaments. Prior to 1934, there had been interstate tournaments, where one state would host only one of the others for a series of games, and there had been two national tournaments, the first in 1910 with New South Wales, Tasmania and Victoria, the second in 1912 which also included South Australia, both of which were won by New South Wales. Though the specifics of the tournament's format would change over the years, with the exception of the suspension due to World War II, the tournament would continue through to 1988 as the highest level of baseball in the country.

Victoria Aces
The Victoria Aces are an Australian baseball team who compete in the Claxton Shield Baseball Championship. One of the founding teams of the Claxton Shield in 1934, they competed until 1988. Thereafter the Claxton Shield was awarded to the winner of the Australian Baseball League until 2002.  In 1999 the Victoria Aces accepted an invitation to join the International Baseball League of Australia. They competed in the League for two seasons (1999–2000 and 2002); after this point the Claxton Shield reverted to a competition similar to 1988.

Baseball Victoria (BV) selects the Victoria Aces team to compete in the Claxton Shield. BV also governs all levels of baseball in the state of Victoria, and directly runs the State League, which is the top level of competition in the state and the source of the majority of Australian-based players selected for the Victoria Aces.
Pecos Bill: The Greatest Cowboy of All Time
Pecos Bill: The Greatest Cowboy of All Time is a 1937 children's biography of American folk hero Pecos Bill written by James Cloyd Bowman and illustrated by Laura Bannon. Bill, raised by coyotes,  has various supernatural powers, including the ability to talk to animals, and becomes a spectacularly successful cowboy.

James Cloyd Bowman
James Cloyd Bowman (January 18, 1880 – September 27, 1961) was an American teacher and writer primarily of children's books, college text books and journals. Born in Leipsic, Ohio, he grew up in Ohio and attended Ohio Northern University (B.S. 1905) with graduate studies at Harvard University (A.M. 1910). He taught English at Iowa State College (now Iowa State University of Science and Technology), and then at Northern State Teachers College (now Northern Michigan University) at Marquette, MI, where he was chair of the English department from 1921 to 1939.

Bowman received a Newbery Honor in 1938 for Pecos Bill: The Greatest Cowboy of All Time about the "legend" of Pecos Bill.  In 1958, Pecos Bill won the Lewis Carroll Shelf Award.
Minette Libom Li Likeng
Minette Libom Li Likeng (formerly Minette Mendomo), born on March 4, 1959, is a Cameroonian politician.

She has held the position of Minister of Posts and Telecommunications since the ministerial reshuffle on October 2, 2015, in the government of Philémon Yang and later in the government of Joseph Dion Ngute.

Philémon Yang
Philémon Yunji Yang (born 14 June 1947) is a Cameroonian politician who served as Prime Minister of Cameroon from 2009 to 2019, having previously held various ministerial and diplomatic roles particularly in Canada where he served as the ambassador of Cameroon to Canada for over 20 years. He is the longest-serving prime minister in Cameroonian history, having served 9 years, 9 months, and 3 days. From 2024 to 2025 he served as President of the United Nations General Assembly for its seventy-ninth session.
Ōta-juku
Ōta-juku (太田宿, Ōta-juku) was the fifty-first of the sixty-nine stations of the Nakasendō connecting Edo with Kyoto in Edo period Japan. It is located in former Mino Province in what is now part of the city of Minokamo, Gifu Prefecture, Japan.

Mino Province
Mino Province (美濃国, Mino no Kuni, Japanese pronunciation: [mʲiꜜ.no (no kɯ.ɲi), mʲi.noꜜ-]) was a province of Japan in the area of Japan that is today southern Gifu Prefecture. Mino was bordered by  Ōmi to the west, Echizen and Hida to the north, Shinano to the east, and Ise, Mikawa, and Owari to the south. Its abbreviated form name was Nōshū or Jōshū (濃州). Under the Engishiki classification system, Mino was ranked as one of the 13 "great countries" (大国) in terms of importance, and one of the "near countries" (近国) in terms of distance from the capital. The provincial capital and ichinomiya were located in what is now the town of Tarui.
JEM-EUSO
The Extreme Universe Space Observatory onboard Japanese Experiment Module (JEM-EUSO) is the first space mission concept devoted to the investigation of cosmic rays and neutrinos of extreme energy (E > 5×1019 eV). Using the Earth's atmosphere as a giant detector, the detection is performed by looking at the streak of fluorescence produced when such a particle interacts with the Earth's atmosphere.

Mikhailo Lomonosov (satellite)
Mikhailo Lomonosov (MVL-300, or Mikhailo, or more commonly Lomonosov; MVL stands for Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov) was an astronomical satellite operated by Moscow State University (MSU) named after Mikhail Lomonosov.
Massacre at Béziers
43°20′51″N 3°13′08″E﻿ / ﻿43.3476°N 3.2190°E﻿ / 43.3476; 3.2190

The Massacre at Béziers occurred on 22 July 1209 during the sack of Béziers by crusaders. It was the outcome of the Siege of Béziers, which was the first major military action of the Albigensian Crusade.

Christopher Tyerman
Christopher J. Tyerman FRHistS (born 22 May 1953) is a British academic and historian focusing on the Crusades. In 2015, he was appointed Professor of History of the Crusades at the University of Oxford.
Committee on Education, Science, Culture, Human Rights and Petitions
The Committee on Education, Science, Culture, Human Rights and Petitions is a committee of the Senate of the Parliament of the Czech Republic concerned with matters of education, science, culture, human rights and petitions. It consists of nine members. The current chair of the committee is Jaromír Jermář. The vice chairs are Hana Doupovcová, Marcel Chládek, Karel Kapoun, and Jiří Oberfalzer. Its remaining members are Petr Bratský‚ Václav Homolka‚ Miloš Janeček, and Richard Svoboda.

There are two subcommittees: The Subcommittee on Pre-school, Elementary and Secondary Education of the Committee on Education, Science, Culture, Human Rights and Petitions, and the Subcommittee on Sport of the Committee on Education, Science, Culture, Human Rights and Petitions.

In 2008, the committee hosted the international conference European Conscience and Communism.

Senate of the Czech Republic
The Senate (Czech: Senát Parlamentu České republiky, lit. 'Senate of the Parliament of the Czech Republic') is the upper house of the Parliament of the Czech Republic. The seat of the Senate is Wallenstein Palace in Prague.
Voljevci
Voljevci (Serbian Cyrillic: Вољевци) is a village in Serbia. It is situated in the Mali Zvornik municipality, in the Mačva District of Central Serbia. The village has a Serb ethnic majority and its population in 2002 was 719, of whom 702 were Serbs.

Mali Zvornik
Mali Zvornik (Serbian Cyrillic: Мали Зворник, pronounced [mâːliː zʋɔ̌rniːk]) is a town and municipality located in the Mačva District of western Serbia. In 2022, the population of the town was 4,297, while the population of the municipality was 11,219. It lies on the Drina river opposite of the town of Zvornik, in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Also, a border crossing between Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina is located in the town.
2020 in chess
The 2020 chess calendar was disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, but major events that took place included the Tata Steel Chess Tournament, won by Fabiano Caruana, and Norway Chess, won by Magnus Carlsen. The Candidates began in March, but, due to the pandemic, was postponed at the half-way stage with Ian Nepomniachtchi and Maxime Vachier-Lagrave leading.

Candidates Tournament 2020–2021
The 2020–2021 Candidates Tournament was an eight-player chess double-round-robin tournament to decide the challenger for the World Chess Championship 2021, played in Yekaterinburg, Russia. Ian Nepomniachtchi won the tournament with a round to spare and earned the right to challenge the defending world champion, Magnus Carlsen.

The first half of the tournament was played from 17 to 25 March 2020. It was suspended at the halfway point due to the COVID-19 pandemic, with the second half of the tournament played from 19 to 27 April 2021. Over 13 months from beginning to end, it is believed to be the longest over-the-board chess tournament in history.