hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Crystal growth
Crystal growth is a major stage of a crystallization process, and consists of the addition of new atoms, ions, or polymer strings into the characteristic arrangement of the crystalline lattice. The growth typically follows an initial stage of either homogeneous or heterogeneous (surface catalyzed) nucleation, unless a "seed" crystal, purposely added to start the growth, was already present.

The action of crystal growth yields a crystalline solid whose atoms or molecules are close packed, with fixed positions in space relative to each other.
The crystalline state of matter is characterized by a distinct structural rigidity and very high resistance to deformation (i.e. changes of shape and/or volume). Most crystalline solids have high values both of Young's modulus and of the shear modulus of elasticity. This contrasts with most liquids or fluids, which have a low shear modulus, and typically exhibit the capacity for macroscopic viscous flow.

Dendrite (crystal)
A crystal dendrite is a crystal that develops with a typical multi-branching form, resembling a fractal. The name comes from the Ancient Greek word δένδρον (déndron), which means "tree", since the crystal's structure resembles that of a tree. These crystals can be synthesised by using a supercooled pure liquid, however they are also quite common in nature. The most common crystals in nature exhibit dendritic growth are snowflakes and frost on windows, but many minerals and metals can also be found in dendritic structures.
Sabulina cismontana
Sabulina cismontana is a species of flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae known by the common name cismontane minuartia.

It is native to Oregon and northern and central California, where it occurs in woodland and chaparral habitat, often on serpentine soils. It is similar to Sabulina californica and S. pusilla, but it was found to be a different species and was described as new in 1992.

Chaparral
Chaparral (/ˌʃæpəˈræl, ˌtʃæp-/ SHAP-ə-RAL, CHAP-) is a shrubland plant community found primarily in California, southern Oregon, and northern Baja California, part of the California floristic province. It is shaped by a Mediterranean climate (mild wet winters and hot dry summers) and infrequent, high-intensity crown fires. Many chaparral shrubs have hard sclerophyllous evergreen leaves, as contrasted with the associated soft-leaved, drought-deciduous, scrub community of coastal sage scrub, found often on drier, southern-facing slopes.

Three other closely related chaparral shrubland systems occur in southern Arizona, western Texas, and along the eastern side of central Mexico's mountain chains, all having summer rains in contrast to the Mediterranean climate of other chaparral formations.
Tanya Smith (basketball)
Tanya Smith (born 12 December 1984) is an Australian basketball player who played NCAA Division I at the University of Hawaii at Manoa in the Women's National Basketball League for Townsville Fire, Sydney University Flames and a short stint for Canberra Capitals. Tanya was a member of the Australian University National Basketball Team of the 2007 Summer Universiade held Thailand where Australia won Gold Medal.

University of Canberra Capitals
The University of Canberra Capitals are an Australian professional women's basketball team competing in the Women's National Basketball League (WNBL). The team is based in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory. In 2014 the University of Canberra Union took control of the Capitals from Basketball ACT. The University of Canberra is the current naming rights sponsor for the Capitals.
Pop Artistry of Sarah Vaughan
Pop Artistry of Sarah Vaughan is a 1966 studio album by Sarah Vaughan that was arranged by Luchi de Jesus.

The initial Billboard review from January 22, 1966 commented that the album was a "rewarding musical package" and a "giant for programming and sales." De Jesus's "exciting and creative" arrangements were also praised.

Sarah Vaughan
Sarah Lois Vaughan (/vɔːn/,  March 27, 1924 – April 3, 1990) was an American jazz singer and pianist. Nicknamed "Sassy" and "The Divine One", and the "Queen of Bebop", she won two Grammy Awards, including the Lifetime Achievement Award, and was nominated for a total of nine Grammy Awards. She was given an NEA Jazz Masters Award in 1989. Critic Scott Yanow wrote that she had "one of the most wondrous voices of the 20th century".
Roseneath, Wellington
Roseneath is an affluent suburb of Wellington, New Zealand, located east of Oriental Bay and north of Hataitai. The peninsula was named after Rosneath, a village on the Rosneath Peninsula on Scotland's River Clyde, and has no association with roses.

Hataitai
Hataitai is an inner-city suburb of Wellington, the capital of New Zealand, 3.5 kilometres southeast of the city centre.  The suburb extends over the southeastern flank of Mount Victoria and down a valley between the Town Belt and a ridge along the shoreline of Evans Bay. Hataitai is bounded by Hepara Street, Grafton Road and the suburb of Roseneath in the north, Wellington Harbour in the east, Cobham Drive, Wellington Road and Crawford Road in the south, and Alexandra Road in the west.

Hataitai is on important transport links between the central city and Wellington Airport, to the south of Evans Bay on the isthmus at Rongotai. It is at the eastern end of the Mount Victoria Tunnel and the bus-only Hataitai Tunnel, built in 1907 for trams, making Hataitai a popular place to live.
Joseph A. Helpern
Joseph A. Helpern is an American medical physicist who is Professor Emeritus at the Medical University of South Carolina and Director of New Vision Research. Helpern is also a Senior Fellow of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. He was previously the South Carolina SmartState Endowed Chair in Brain Imaging and The Lula P. and Asa & David J. Levidow Distinguished Chair in Neurodegenerative Disease Research at the Medical University of South Carolina, and prior to that Vice Chairman for Research of the Department of Radiology at the New York University School of Medicine.

International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
The International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (ISMRM) is a "multi-disciplinary nonprofit association that promotes innovation, development, and application of magnetic resonance techniques in medicine and biology throughout the world".

The Society has over 9,000 members and is based in Concord, California, United States.
Temple of Deliverance Church of God in Christ
Temple of Deliverance Church of God in Christ is a Pentecostal church located in Memphis, Tennessee. It was founded March 6, 1975, by the late Bishop Gilbert E. Patterson. The church's current pastor is Milton Hawkins. The Temple of Deliverance Church of God in Christ is one of the largest churches in the city of Memphis and the Church of God in Christ denomination.

Church of God in Christ
The Church of God in Christ (COGIC) is an international Holiness–Pentecostal Christian denomination and a large Pentecostal denomination in the United States. Although an international and multi-ethnic religious organization, it has a predominantly African-American membership based within the United States. The international headquarters is in Memphis, Tennessee.

The current Presiding Bishop is John Drew Sheard Sr., who is the senior pastor of the Greater Emmanuel Institutional Church of God in Christ in Detroit, Michigan. He was elected as the denomination's leader on March 27, 2021. On November 12, 2024, Bishop Sheard was re-elected by acclamation to serve another four-year term as the presiding bishop and chief apostle of the denomination.
Vs the Greatest of All Time
Archers of Loaf vs. the Greatest of All Time (often shortened to either Greatest of all Time or simply GOAT) is the first EP by North Carolina indie rock band Archers of Loaf. It was recorded shortly after their first album Icky Mettle, and the styles are very similar.

The cover art for the EP includes a photograph of former Toronto Maple Leafs star King Clancy.

Icky Mettle
Icky Mettle is the debut studio album recorded by the indie rock band Archers of Loaf.  It was produced and engineered by Caleb Southern at Kraptone Studios in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, and released by Alias Records in 1993. A deluxe reissue of the album was released by Merge Records in 2011.

The album was recorded and mixed in seven days.  According to Eric Bachmann, "We spent like $5,000 to make it."
Chris Panaghi
Chris "The Greek" Panaghi is an American DJ, producer and remixer based in Long Island, New York, United States. He performs in the electronic music genre with remixes spanning electronic dance, trance and house music and has remixed for artists including: Michael Jackson, Gloria Estefan, Celine Dion, Jessica Simpson, Celia Cruz, Jon Secada, Marc Anthony, Aqua and Yoko Ono.
 His studio work has been described as incorporating "True-to-the-vocal, pop-oriented remixes and harder, progressive house tracks".

Panaghi has principally performed in the United States, but has also developed a fan base in Europe, principally in France, Germany, Greece, Netherlands and the UK.

Marc Anthony
Marco Antonio Muñiz (born September 16, 1968), known by the stage name Marc Anthony, is an American singer and actor. He is the top selling salsa artist of all time. A four-time Grammy Award, eight-time Latin Grammy Award and twenty-nine-time Lo Nuestro Awards winner (the most of any male). As of 2014, he had sold more than 12 million albums worldwide.

Known for his Latin salsa numbers and ballads, Anthony's achievements have been honored through various recognitions. He was the recipient of the 2009 Congressional Hispanic Caucus Institute (CHCI) Lifetime Achievement Award. He also received the 2009 CHCI Chair's Lifetime Achievement Award on September 16, 2009. He holds the Guinness World Record for best-selling tropical/salsa artist and the most number-one albums on the Billboard Tropical Albums year-end charts. He is also the artist with the most number one songs on the Billboard Latin Tropical Airplay chart with 32 songs.
Carry On Loving
Carry On Loving is a 1970 British comedy film, the 20th release in the series of 31 Carry On films (1958–1992). It was directed by Gerald Thomas and features series regulars Sid James, Kenneth Williams, Charles Hawtrey, Joan Sims, Hattie Jacques, Terry Scott and Bernard Bresslaw alongside newcomers Richard O'Callaghan (in his first Carry On) and Imogen Hassall (in her only Carry On role). The dialogue veers toward open bawdiness rather than the evasive innuendo characteristic of the earlier films in the series. The film was followed by Carry On Henry in 1971.

Joan Sims
Irene Joan Marion Sims (9 May 1930 – 27 June 2001) was an English actress and comedienne, best remembered for her roles in the Carry On franchise, appearing in 24 of the films (the most for any actress).

On television, she is known for playing Gran in Till Death Us Do Part (1967–1975), Madge Kettlewell in Sykes (1972–1978), Mrs Bloomsbury-Barton in Worzel Gummidge (1979–1981), an eccentric youth hostel owner in Victoria Wood (1989), Mrs Wembley, the cook with a liking for sherry, in On the Up (1990–1992), and Madge Hardcastle in As Time Goes By (1994–1998).
Nuns vs. The Vatican
Nuns vs. The Vatican is a 2025 American documentary film directed and edited by Lorena Luciano. It explores 
Catholic Church sexual abuse cases, with  a group of nuns exposing predatory priests abusing nuns. Mariska Hargitay serves as an executive producer under her Mighty Entertainment banner.

It had its world premiere at the 2025 Toronto International Film Festival on September 6, 2025.

2025 Toronto International Film Festival
The 50th annual Toronto International Film Festival was held from September 4 to 14, 2025. To mark the festival's 50th anniversary, the festival programmed a special series, The TIFF Story in 50 Films, to screen through June, July and August 2025 at the TIFF Lightbox.

The first programming announcement was that Colin Hanks' documentary film John Candy: I Like Me, about the actor John Candy, would open the festival. The full program was released on August 12.

The festival courted controversy regarding its final programming decisions, specifically with respect to the inclusion, exclusion, and subsequent re-inclusion of the Israeli documentary The Road Between Us: The Ultimate Rescue, which depicts rescue efforts during the October 7 attacks in southern Israel.

Hamnet was the winner of the festival's People's Choice Award.
Dance Dance Revolution II
Dance Dance Revolution II, later released in Europe as Dance Dance Revolution Hottest Party 5, is a music video game in the Dance Dance Revolution series by Konami. It was released on October 11, 2011 for the Nintendo Wii in North America and on November 25, 2011 in Europe. Dance Dance Revolution II is the direct sequel to Dance Dance Revolution for the Wii. This game shares songs with the arcade version of Dance Dance Revolution X3 vs 2ndMix. It features characters from the arcade versions of Dance Dance Revolution. It was the final DDR game release for the Nintendo Wii and is the latest in the series to be released for a home console as of 2025.

Dance Dance Revolution (2010 video game)
Dance Dance Revolution, released in Europe as Dance Dance Revolution Hottest Party 4 for the Wii version and Dance Dance Revolution New Moves for other versions, is a music video game in the Dance Dance Revolution series, with this entry developed by Konami's American division. Unveiled at E3 2010, it was released for the Wii and PlayStation 3 in North America on November 16, 2010. A port of this version for the Xbox 360 was also released on April 12, 2011. It is also the only game in the series to be released for the PlayStation 3, as well as the final game in the series to be released for the Xbox 360.
Mogrus cognatus
Mogrus cognatus is  a species of jumping spider in the genus Mogrus that lives in United Arab Emirates and Yemen. The spider was first defined in 1994 by Wanda Wesołowska and Anthonius Van Harten. It is a small spider. The male has a dark brown or fawn-brownish carapace that range between 2.6 and 2.8 mm (0.10 and 0.11 in) long and a yellow-white or dark brown abdomen between 2.7 and 3.1 mm (0.11 and 0.12 in) long. The female has not been described. The spider is similar to the related Mogrus fulvovittatus, but can be distinguished by its copulatory organs. It has a long thin embolus that encircles the palpal bulb and has a distinctive membrane at its base.

Opisthosoma
The opisthosoma is the posterior part of the body in some arthropods, behind the prosoma (cephalothorax). It is a distinctive feature of the subphylum Chelicerata (arachnids, horseshoe crabs and others). It is similar in most respects to an abdomen (and is often referred to as such).
Walter de Clifford (died 1221)
Walter de Clifford (c. 1160 – 17 January 1221) was a Welsh marcher lord, feudal baron of Clifford of Clifford Castle in Herefordshire and High Sheriff in England.

He was born in Clifford Castle, Herefordshire, the son of Walter de Clifford (1113–1190).

Walter served as High Sheriff of Herefordshire in 1199, 1207–1208 and 1216. He was a close associate of William de Braose and although he held back from William's rebellion in March 1208, was not thought to have done enough to check it. As a result, King John dismissed him from his Marcher barony of Clifford and made his son Walter de Clifford (died 1263) de facto lord instead.

William de Braose, 4th Lord of Bramber
William de Braose, (or William de Briouze), 4th Lord of Bramber (1144/1153 – 9 August 1211), court favourite of King John of England, at the peak of his power was also Lord of Gower, Abergavenny, Brecknock, Builth, Radnor, Kington, Limerick, Glamorgan, Skenfrith, Briouze in Normandy, Grosmont, and White Castle.
Lindsay Merrithew
Lindsay Merrithew (born 1964) is a Canadian entrepreneur, actor, and business executive. He is the President and chief executive officer of Merrithew International, Inc., a company he co-founded along with his wife Moira Stott Merrithew in 1987. He has produced hundreds of training and instructional videos for the company on the Stotts Pilates and other exercise techniques and brands.

As a film actor, he has appeared in Business Ethics (2019), Claws of the Red Dragon (2019) and Body Parts. As a television actor he appeared in Forever Knight, Suits, Nikita and other shows.

La Femme Nikita (TV series)
La Femme Nikita (French pronunciation: [la fam nikita], literally "The Woman Nikita"; called Nikita in Canada) is a Canadian action-drama television series based on the French film of the same name by Luc Besson. The series stars Peta Wilson as the titular character. It was co-produced by Jay Firestone of Fireworks Entertainment and Warner Bros. Domestic Television Distribution. It was created and adapted for television by Joel Surnow and Robert Cochran. The series was telecast in the United States on the USA Network cable channel on Monday, January 13, 1997 at 10pm, and ran for five seasons until March 4, 2001. The series was also aired in Canada on the over-the-air CTV Television Network. La Femme Nikita was the highest-rated drama on American basic cable during its first two seasons. It was also distributed in some other countries.
Mutare West
Mutare West is a constituency represented in the National Assembly of the Parliament of Zimbabwe, located in Manicaland Province. Its current MP since the 2023 general election is Nyasha Marange of ZANU–PF.

ZANU–PF
The Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front (ZANU–PF) is a political organisation which has been the ruling party of Zimbabwe since independence in 1980. The party was led for many years by Robert Mugabe, first as prime minister with the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) and then as president from 1987 after the merger with the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) and retaining the name ZANU–PF.

At the 2008 parliamentary election, the ZANU–PF lost sole control of parliament for the first time in party history and brokered a difficult power-sharing deal with the Movement for Democratic Change – Tsvangirai (MDC). ZANU-PF then won the 2013 election, gaining a two-thirds majority. The party narrowly held their super-majority in the 2018 election.

On 19 November 2017, following a coup d'état, ZANU–PF removed Robert Mugabe as party leader, who resigned two days later, and appointed former Vice President Emmerson Mnangagwa in his place.
Geelong Volunteer Rifle Corps
The Geelong Volunteer Rifle Corps, also called the Geelong Rifle Corps, or the Geelong Rifles, was a part-time Volunteer Force of the Colony of Victoria (later the state of Victoria) in Australia from 1854 to 1912. The unit is named after the city of Geelong and was involved in suppressing the Eureka Rebellion at the Battle of the Eureka Stockade. The unit was originally commanded and organized by Robert William Rede.

Volunteer Force
The Volunteer Force was a citizen army of part-time rifle, artillery and engineer corps, created as a popular movement throughout the British Empire in 1859. Originally highly autonomous, the units of volunteers became increasingly integrated with the British Army after the Childers Reforms in 1881, before forming part of the Territorial Force in 1908. Most of the regiments of the present Army Reserves  Infantry, Artillery, Engineers and Signals units are directly descended from Volunteer Force units.
Sensory gating
Sensory gating describes neural processes of filtering out redundant or irrelevant stimuli from all possible environmental stimuli reaching the brain. Also referred to as gating or filtering, sensory gating prevents an overload of information in the higher-order centers of the brain. Sensory gating can also occur in different forms through changes in both perception and sensation, affected by various factors such as "arousal, recent stimulus exposure, and selective attention."

Although sensory gating is largely automatic, it also occurs within the context of attention processing as the brain selectively seeks for goal-relevant information. Previous studies have shown a correlation between sensory gating and different cognitive functions, but there is not yet a solid evidence implying that the relationship between sensory gating and cognitive functions are modality-independent.

Event-related potential
An event-related potential (ERP) is the measured brain response that is the direct result of a specific sensory, cognitive, or motor event. More formally, it is any stereotyped electrophysiological response to a stimulus. The study of the brain in this way provides a noninvasive means of evaluating brain functioning.

ERPs are measured by means of electroencephalography (EEG). The magnetoencephalography (MEG) equivalent of ERP is the ERF, or event-related field. Evoked potentials and induced potentials are subtypes of ERPs.
Les Avants Championship
The Les Avants Championship  or Championnat des Avants also known as the Les Avants International was a men's and women's open international clay court tennis tournament staged at the Tennis Club des Avants, Les Avants, Montreux, Switzerland from 1902 until 1938.

Les Avants
Les Avants is a village in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.  It is located in the municipality of Montreux, in the east of the canton, in the district of Riviera-Pays-d'Enhaut.  It lies 3.5 km (2.2 mi) north-east of the town of Montreux and 25 km (16 mi) east of Lausanne.
Northern Military Administration Office
The Northern Military Administration Office (Korean: 북로군정서) was an armed independence movement group founded in Donggandao in 1919. It originated from the Daejonggyo lineage. It was organized around Seo Il and Kim Jwa-jin in Jilin Province, Manchuria, in 1919. Based on the Junggwangdan organized by Koreans who immigrated to Bukgando, the Jeongjeongdan organized in Bukgando in 1919 was established by changing its name to Northern Military Administration Office. The  Northern Military Administration Office established an officer training center to conduct military training and train independence fighters. In 1920, when Japan deployed its troops into Manchuria, it achieved a great victory over the Japanese army in the Battle of Cheongsanri.

Battle of Qingshanli
The Battle of Qingshanli (Korean: 청산리 전투; Hanja: 靑山里戰鬪) was fought over six days in October 1920 between the Imperial Japanese Army and Korean armed groups in a densely wooded region of eastern Manchuria called Qingshanli (Japanese: 青山里, Seizanri; Korean: 청산리, Cheongsanri). It occurred during the campaign of the Japanese army in Jiandao, during the Japanese rule of Korea (1910–1945).
Tan See Lai
Tan See Lai (1935 – 26 January 2017) was a pioneering Singaporean newscaster, television producer and educator. She served as the deputy director of the Division of Education Technology of the Curriculum Development Institute of Singapore and produced, presented and directed several of its programmes. She then served as the director of the ministry's Information and Services Division. Tan was the country's first female newscaster and was involved in the establishment of the Singapore International School in Hong Kong.

Singapore International School
22°14′40″N 114°10′2″E﻿ / ﻿22.24444°N 114.16722°E﻿ / 22.24444; 114.16722

Singapore International School (Hong Kong) (SISHK) is a kindergarten, elementary and secondary (up to Form Four, offers Cambridge IGCSE and International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme) school situated in two different campuses on Nam Long Shan Road, Hong Kong Island.

It is an international school set up by the Ministry of Education (MOE) of Singapore and follows the Singaporean curriculum. The school was established in September 1991 in Kennedy Town with an enrollment of 200 students. This number has risen above the 1500 students mark, from a variety of nationalities, with the majority being Hong Kongers and Singaporeans.