hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Block and ash flow
A block and ash flow or block-and-ash flow is a flowing mixture of volcanic ash and large (>26 cm) angular blocks commonly formed as a result of a gravitational collapse of a lava dome or lava flow. Block and ash flows are a type of pyroclastic flow and as such they form during volcanic eruptions. In contrast to other types of pyroclastic flows, block and ash flows do not contain pumice and the volume of block and ash flow deposits is usually small. Block and ash flow deposits have densities in the range of 1600 to 2000 kg/m3, two to five times greater than ash fall deposits. Some blocks in block and ash flow deposits may have thin and shiny coatings of carbon derived from charcoal formed from vegetation trapped by the flow.

Volcanoes known for their production of block and ash flows since the 1990s include Mount Unzen in Japan, Mount Merapi in Java and Soufrière Hills in the Lesser Antilles.

Pyroclastic flow
A pyroclastic flow (also known as a pyroclastic density current or a pyroclastic cloud) is a fast-moving current of hot gas and volcanic matter (collectively known as tephra) that flows along the ground away from a volcano at average speeds of 100 km/h (30 m/s; 60 mph; 90 ft/s) but is capable of reaching speeds up to 700 km/h (190 m/s; 430 mph; 640 ft/s). The gases and tephra can reach temperatures of about 1,000 °C (1,800 °F).

Pyroclastic flows are the deadliest of all volcanic hazards and are produced as a result of certain explosive eruptions; they normally touch the ground and hurtle downhill or spread laterally under gravity. Their speed depends upon the density of the current, the volcanic output rate, and the gradient of the slope.
Katamon
Katamon or Qatamon (Hebrew: קטמון; Arabic: قطمون, romanized: Qaṭamūn; Greek: Καταμόνας, romanized: Katamónas; from the Ancient Greek κατὰ τῷ μοναστηρίῳ, katà tôi monastēríōi, 'by the monastery'), officially known as Gonen (Hebrew: גּוֹנֵן, lit. 'Defender'; mainly used in municipal publications), is a neighborhood in south-central Jerusalem. It is built next to an old Greek Orthodox monastery, believed to have been constructed on the home and the tomb of Simeon from the Gospel of Luke.

The neighborhood was established in the early 1900s, shortly before World War I, as a wealthy, predominantly Palestinian Christian neighborhood. During the 1947–48 civil war in Mandatory Palestine, the local population fled the intense fighting in the area and were not allowed to return by the new Israeli state. Instead Katamon was soon repopulated by Jewish refugees.

Talbiya
Talbiya or Talbiyeh (Arabic: الطالبية; Hebrew: טלביה), officially Komemiyut (Hebrew: קוממיות), is an upscale neighborhood in Jerusalem, between Rehavia and HaMoshava HaGermanit. It is renowned for its eclectic architectural styles, and often regarded as one of the most beautiful neighborhoods in the city.

Talbiya was built in the 1920s and 1930s on land purchased from the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem. Most of the early residents were affluent Christian Arabs who built elegant homes with Renaissance, Moorish and Arab architectural motifs, surrounded by trees and flowering gardens.

The neighborhood is home to several significant national and municipal buildings, such as Beit HaNassi – the official residence of the President of Israel, the Hansen House, the Jerusalem Theatre, the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, the Van Leer Institute, and the Museum for Islamic Art.
2024 FIVB Women's Volleyball Challenger Cup
The 2024 FIVB Women's Volleyball Challenger Cup was the fifth and last edition of the FIVB Women's Volleyball Challenger Cup, an annual women's international volleyball tournament contested by eight national teams that acted as a qualifier for the FIVB Women's Volleyball Nations League. The tournament was held at the Ninoy Aquino Stadium in Manila, the Philippines, between 4 and 7 July 2024.

The host Philippines were the only debutants in this edition.

The Czech Republic won the title and earned the right to participate in the 2025 Nations League after defeating Puerto Rico in the final. Vietnam defeated Belgium in the 3rd place match, but Belgium still qualified for the 2025 Nations League through FIVB World Ranking.

FIVB Women's Volleyball Challenger Cup
The FIVB Women's Volleyball Challenger Cup was an international volleyball competition contested by the senior women's national teams of the members of the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB), the sport's global governing body. The Challenger Cup served as a qualifying tournament for the Volleyball Nations League (VNL), with the winner earning the right to participate in the following year's VNL.

A corresponding tournament for men's national teams was the FIVB Men's Volleyball Challenger Cup.
Ozark Trail (hiking trail)
The Ozark Trail is a hiking, backpacking, and, in many places, biking and equestrian trail under construction in the Missouri Ozarks in the United States.  It is intended to reach from St. Louis to Arkansas.  Over 350 miles (563 km) of the trail have been completed as of 2008, and the estimated length when finished will be at least 500 miles (805 km).  When joined to the Ozark Highlands Trail in Arkansas, the full hiking distance from end to end will be at least 700 miles (1,127 km), not including a large loop through the St. Francois Mountains in Missouri.

Missouri Department of Conservation
The Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC) and the Missouri Conservation Commission were created by Article IV Sections 40-42 of the Missouri Constitution, which were adopted by the voters of the state in 1936 as Amendment 4 to the constitution. The Commission is vested with control, management, restoration, conservation, and regulation of fish, forest, and wildlife resources of the state.
The Department of Conservation owns and oversees hatcheries, sanctuaries, refuges, and reservations, and enforces the state wildlife code.  The Commission consists of four individuals appointed by the Governor of Missouri to serve unpaid 6-year terms. No more than two of the individuals may be from the same political party.
2005 Vuelta a España, Stage 12 to Stage 21
The 2005 Vuelta a España was the 60th edition of the Vuelta a España, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Vuelta began in Granada, with an individual time trial on 27 August, and Stage 12 occurred on 8 September with a stage from Logroño. The race finished in Madrid on 18 September.

2005 Vuelta a España
These are the results for the 2005 edition of the Vuelta a España cycling race. Roberto Heras was the original champion but the win was awarded to Russian Denis Menchov after Heras tested positive in a doping test.  Heras made an appeal through the Spanish courts, which ruled in his favour in June 2011 and this decision was upheld in the Spanish supreme court in December 2012; the Spanish cycling federation was not yet sure how to act, but said that the most likely result is that Heras will be reinstated.

The points classification was won by Alessandro Petacchi from Italy, the mountains classification was won by Joaquim Rodríguez from Spain and the combination classification was won by Denis Menchov. Comunidad Valenciana–Elche was the winner of the team ranking.
Alpine club hut
Alpine club huts (German: Alpenvereinshütten) or simply club huts (Clubhütten) form the majority of the over 1,300 mountain huts in the Alps and are maintained by branches, or sections, of the various Alpine clubs. Although the usual English translation of Hütte is "hut", most of them are substantial buildings designed to accommodate and feed significant numbers of hikers and climbers and to withstand harsh high alpine conditions for decades.

Fédération Française des clubs alpins et de montagne
The Fédération Française des clubs alpins et de montagne (FFCAM) is a federation of clubs promoting mountain sports. It offers multiple training programs and courses to help people understand mountains and manages 142 mountain huts, mostly in the Alps and the Pyrenees.

It has evolved and grown greatly since its creation in 1874 as the Club alpin français (CAF). It was renamed on 30 January 2005 during its 5th congress, in Chambéry. It has become a sport federation with 430 affiliated associations, bringing together some tens of thousands of people in a single group. About 110,000 people are licensed through it to date. Regional and departmental committees relay the actions of the federation on a local level.

It is one of the founding members of the International Climbing and Mountaineering Federation (commonly known by the French name, Union Internationale des Associations d'Alpinisme, or abbreviation, UIAA).
The Sheo Yang Mission
The Sheo Yang Mission (referred to as SYM in some accounts) was a Protestant Christian missionary society that was involved in sending workers to China during the late Qing dynasty. It was founded by the Pigott family in 1892 (possibly accompanied by two other families Johnson and McNair), they had previously been members of the China Inland Mission (CIM). The mission was destroyed and most members murdered in 1900, the work continued through the Baptist Missionary Society.

Taiyuan
Taiyuan (Taiyuan Jin: [tʰai˦˥ ye˩˩]) is the capital of Shanxi, China. Taiyuan is the political, economic, cultural and international exchange center of Shanxi Province, containing an industrial base focusing on energy and heavy chemicals. Throughout its long history, Taiyuan was the capital or provisional capital of many dynasties in China, hence the name Lóngchéng (龙城; The City of Dragon).

As of 2021, the city governs 6 districts, 3 counties, and hosts a county-level city with a total area of 6,988 square kilometers and a permanent population of 5,390,957.

Taiyuan is located roughly in the centre of Shanxi, with the Fen River flowing through the central city.
Ramakesh Nishad
Ramkesh Nishad is an Indian politician and a member of the  18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly for Uttar Pradesh, India. He represents the Tindwari constituency of Uttar Pradesh.
He is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party.

18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly
The Eighteenth Uttar Pradesh Assembly (Eighteenth Vidhan Sabha of Uttar Pradesh) is formed by the members elected in the 2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election. Elections for 403 seats of the state, were conducted in seven phases from 10 February 2022 to 7 March 2022 by the Election Commission of India. The votes were counted and results were declared on 10 March 2022.

Satish Mahana was elected as the speaker of the assembly.
Osaka Prefectural Chikatsu Asuka Museum
Osaka Prefectural Chikatsu Asuka Museum (大阪府立近つ飛鳥博物館, Ōsaka Furitsu Chikatsu Asuka Hakubutsukan) is a prefectural museum in Kanan, Ōsaka Prefecture, Japan dedicated to the area of Chikatsu Asuka during the Kofun and Asuka periods. The region is first documented in the Kojiki. The Chikatsu Asuka Fudoki-No-Oka Historical Park contains over two hundred burial mounds including four imperial tombs and those of Shōtoku Taishi and Ono no Imoko. The exhibition hall is divided into three sections: (1) Foreign influence during the Kofun and Asuka periods; (2) Kofun and the origins of the ancient realm; and (3) The application of science to cultural heritage. The museum was designed by Tadao Ando and opened in 1994.

Kanan, Osaka
Kanan (河南町, Kanan-chō) is a town located in Minamikawachi District, Osaka Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 January 2022, the town had an estimated population of  15,429 and a population density of 610 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 25.26 square kilometres (9.75 sq mi).
Dem Atlas
Joshua Evans Turner (born May 31, 1992), better known by his stage name Dem Atlas (often stylized as deM atlaS), is an American rapper from Saint Paul, Minnesota. He was formerly a member of the group Sifu Hotman alongside rapper Guante and producer Rube. He was formerly signed to Rhymesayers Entertainment.

Onry Ozzborn
Michael Sean Martinez (born March 25, 1979), better known by his stage name Onry Ozzborn, is an American rapper and producer from Seattle, Washington. He is a founding member of alternative hip hop groups such as Grayskul, Dark Time Sunshine, and Oldominion, among others.

Onry Ozzborn has collaborated with notable artists such as Aesop Rock, Sleep, Mr. Lif, P.O.S, Slug, and Busdriver.
2014 President's Cup (tennis)
The 2014 President's Cup was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the ninth edition of the tournament for men (second of the year on account of the 2014 Astana Challenger) and the sixth edition for women, part of the 2014 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2014 ITF Women's Circuit respectively. Offering prize money of $125,000 for the men and $100,000 for the women, the events took place in Astana, Kazakhstan, on 21–27 July 2014.

2014 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour, in 2014 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2014 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 150 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $40,000 up to $220,000, which represented an increase of the minimum prize money from $35,000. It was the 37th edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 6th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Lego Pharaoh's Quest
Lego Pharaoh's Quest (stylized as LEGO Pharaoh's Quest) is a discontinued Lego theme that was first introduced in 2011. It uses elements from the previous Lego Adventurers theme. The Lego Pharaoh's Quest theme was discontinued by the end of 2012.

Lost Kingdom Adventure
Lost Kingdom Adventure is a Sally Corporation Interactive Dark Ride located at Legoland theme parks around the globe. Locations include Legoland California, Legoland Windsor (where it is known as Laser Raiders), Legoland Billund (where it is known as The Temple), Legoland Florida, Legoland Deutschland, and Legoland Malaysia.
1974 United States Senate election in Oregon
The 1974 United States Senate election in Oregon was held on November 5, 1974. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Bob Packwood won re-election to a second term. Betty Roberts was chosen to replace former U.S. Senator Wayne Morse, who won the Democratic primary but died before the general election.

Victor Atiyeh
Victor George Atiyeh (/əˈtiːjə/; February 20, 1923 – July 20, 2014) was an American politician who served as the 32nd governor of Oregon from 1979 to 1987. He was also the first elected governor of Middle Eastern descent and of Syrian and Lebanese descent in the United States.

Atiyeh was elected in 1978, defeating incumbent Democratic governor Robert W. Straub. He was re-elected against future governor Ted Kulongoski with 61.6% of the vote in 1982, the largest margin in 32 years. Prior to being elected governor, Atiyeh had served continuously in the Oregon legislature since 1959, initially in the House and later in the Senate.

As of 2025, Atiyeh is the most recent Republican to have held the office of Governor of Oregon to date.
Whiplash (Marvel Comics)
Whiplash is the name of multiple supervillains appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. They are commonly depicted as members of Iron Man's rogues gallery. Mickey Rourke portrayed Whiplash in the Marvel Cinematic Universe film Iron Man 2 (2010).

Femme Fatales (comics)
The Femme Fatales are a group of female supervillains appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. They are often depicted as antagonists to the superhero characters Spider-Man and Captain America.
2011 Erie County, New York Executive election
The 2011 Erie County, New York Executive election took place on November 6, 2011, to select the County Executive of Erie County, New York. Incumbent Republican County Executive Chris Collins ran for re-election to a second term.

Collins was a controversial figure in his first term, drawing criticism for comparing State Assembly Speaker Sheldon Silver, a Jew, to the anti-Christ and Adolf Hitler, and allegedly making sexually suggestive remarks at the 2010 State of the State address to a female attendee. Though Collins considered a run for Governor in 2010, he ultimately declined to run.

In Collins's bid for a second term, he was challenged by County Controller Mark Poloncarz, the Democratic nominee. Poloncarz ultimately defeated Collins, winning 53 percent of the vote to Collins's 47 percent.

Erie County, New York
Erie County is a county along the shore of Lake Erie in the western region of the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 954,236. However, in 2023 the estimated population was 946,147. The county seat is Buffalo, which makes up about 28% of the county's population. Both the county and Lake Erie were named for the regional Iroquoian language-speaking Erie tribe of Native Americans, who lived in the area before 1654. They were later pushed out by the more powerful Iroquoian nations tribes. The county is part of the Western New York region of the state.

Erie County, along with its northern neighbor Niagara County, makes up the Buffalo-Niagara Falls metropolitan area, the second largest in the State of New York behind New York City. The county's southern part is known as the Southtowns.
Aadorf railway station
Aadorf railway station (German: Bahnhof Aadorf) is a railway station in the municipality of Aadorf, in the Swiss canton of Thurgau. It is an intermediate stop on the standard gauge St. Gallen–Winterthur line of Swiss Federal Railways. It is located within fare zone 917 of the Ostwind tariff network.

St. Gallen S-Bahn
The St. Gallen S-Bahn (German: S-Bahn St. Gallen) is an S-Bahn-style commuter rail in Eastern Switzerland and neighbouring areas. The network connects stations in the Swiss cantons of Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Appenzell Innerrhoden, Glarus, Grisons, Schaffhausen, St. Gallen, Thurgau and Zurich, as well as a few stations in Austria (Bregenz, Vorarlberg) and Germany (Konstanz, Baden-Württemberg and Lindau, Bavaria). Some services also operate as part of the Bodensee S-Bahn.

Services are operated by Appenzeller Bahnen (AB), Südostbahn (SOB), and Thurbo. Within Switzerland and until Konstanz, services operate within the Tarifverbund Ostwind (Ostwind fare network)  of northeastern Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
Blonde Dynamite
Blonde Dynamite is a 1950 American comedy film directed by William Beaudine and starring the Bowery Boys. The film was released on February 12, 1950 by Monogram Pictures and is the 17th film in the Bowery Boys series.

Monogram Pictures
Monogram Pictures Corporation was an American film studio that produced mostly low-budget films between 1931 and 1953, when the firm completed a transition to the name Allied Artists Pictures Corporation. Monogram was among the minor studios in the golden age of Hollywood, generally referred to collectively as Poverty Row. Of the 11 permanent studios in Hollywood at the time, ranked in order of size, MGM was #1 -- and Monogram was #10 (the only one smaller was PRC).

The Monogram trademark is now owned by Allied Artists International. The original sprawling brick complex which functioned as home to both Monogram and Allied Artists remains at 4376 W Sunset Blvd, as part of the Church of Scientology Media Center (formerly KCET's television facilities).
One Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza
One Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza is a skyscraper located at 885 Second Avenue in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. It is a 628-foot (191 m) tall skyscraper.  It was designed by Emery Roth and developed by Lawrence Ruben. Named for Dag Hammarskjöld, it was completed in 1972 and has 49 floors. It has 750,000 square feet (70,000 m2) of floor area and is the 102nd tallest building in New York.

Its main usage is office space. Denmark, Turkey, Canada, France, Italy, the United Kingdom, Spain, Chile, Belgium, Ireland, Austria and Sweden all have their permanent missions to the United Nations located in this building, while Norway and Belgium have consulates there. Communications company Dell Publishing is also a tenant. It is owned by Rockpoint Group, who bought the building from the Ruben Companies in 2018 for $600 million. Andy Warhol's Factory stood on the site (on 47th Street) from 1963 to 1967.

Second Avenue (Manhattan)
Second Avenue is located on the East Side of the New York City borough of Manhattan extending from Houston Street at its south end to the Harlem River Drive at 128th Street at its north end. A one-way street, vehicular traffic on Second Avenue runs southbound (downtown) only, except for a one-block segment of the avenue in Harlem. South of Houston Street, the roadway continues as Chrystie Street south to Canal Street.

A bicycle lane runs in the leftmost lane of Second Avenue from 125th to Houston Streets. The section from 55th to 34th Streets closes a gap in the Manhattan Waterfront Greenway.

Second Avenue passes through a number of Manhattan neighborhoods including (from south to north) the Lower East Side, the East Village, Stuyvesant Square, Kips Bay, Tudor City, Turtle Bay, East Midtown, Lenox Hill, Yorkville and Spanish Harlem.
Executive Council of Rivers State
The Executive Council, also known as the Governor's Cabinet is the highest administrative decision-making authority in Rivers State. It is part of the executive branch which is the most influential branch of the state government. It comprises the governor, deputy governor, Secretary to the State Government, chief of staff, commissioners and special advisers. All of its members excluding the Deputy Governor are appointed by the Governor of Rivers State and confirmed by the House of the Assembly of the state.

The Executive Council is responsible for advising and assisting the Chief Executive in the performance of his or her official duties. Individuals who have been appointed to serve in the Council may also be dismissed or reappointed (to other posts) at will.

Chief of Staff (Rivers State)
The Chief of Staff (COS) is an appointed executive branch official in the Government of Rivers State, Nigeria, responsible for coordinating the operations of the Governor's office as well as assisting the Chief Executive in the management of affairs of the government. The Chief of Staff oversees members of the Executive Council and serves as the Governor's liaison with the state executive branch.

Other responsibilities include preparation of the Governor's daily schedule, organisation of meetings, arbitration of disputes, and regulation of gubernatorial access.
Sabatinca calliarcha
Sabatinca calliarcha is a species of moth belonging to the family Micropterigidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1912. It is endemic to New Zealand. It is found in two separate areas of New Zealand - the first in the northern parts of the North Island including Great Barrier Island and the second population can be found from the top of the South Island down to Southland. The adults of the species are on the wing from the end of September until the middle of January. The species prefers to inhabit damp forests and larvae likely feed on leafy liverwort species. Adult moths likely feed on the spores of ferns or the pollen of sedge grasses.

Micropterigidae
Micropterigoidea is the superfamily of "mandibulate archaic moths", all placed in the single family Micropterigidae, containing currently about twenty living genera. They are considered the most primitive extant lineage of lepidoptera (Kristensen, 1999), and the sole superfamily in the suborder Zeugloptera. The name comes from the Greek for mikros, little and pterux, a wing. Unique among the Lepidoptera, these moths have chewing mouthparts rather than a proboscis, and are seen feeding, often in large aggregations, on the pollen of the flowers of many herbaceous plants, shrubs and trees. The fossil record of the group goes back to the middle-late Jurassic with the earliest known species being Auliepterix from the Karabastau Formation in Kazakhstan.

Micropterigid larvae possess a uniquely specialised trunk cuticle, in which the exo- and endocuticle are separated by fluid-filled chambers arranged in a honeycomb pattern, each chamber corresponding to an individual epidermal cell.