hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Strasse des 18. Oktober
The Strasse des 18. Oktober, or Straße des 18. Oktober (see ß) (in English: Street of 18th October) in Leipzig, Germany, leads as a continuation of Windmühlenstrasse from the square in front of Bayerischer Bahnhof (Bayrischer Platz) in a south-easterly direction towards the Monument to the Battle of the Nations. Its name commemorates the day of the decisive victory of the allied troops over Napoleon in the Battle of Leipzig on 18 October 1813.

Leipzig Bayerischer Bahnhof
Leipzig Bayerischer Bahnhof (Leipzig Bavarian station) is Germany's oldest preserved railway station, located in Leipzig, Germany, in the southeastern part of the district Mitte. The station was first opened in 1842 for the Leipzig–Hof railway by the Saxon-Bavarian Railway Company (German: Sächsisch-Baiersche Eisenbahn-Compagnie), later taken over by the Royal Saxon State Railways (Königlich Sächsische Staatseisenbahnen) and operated as the Saxon-Bavarian State Railways (Sächsisch-Bayerische Staatseisenbahn).

The station was closed in 2001 for the construction of the Leipzig City Tunnel. It re-opened on 15 December 2013 after the completion of the tunnel. Since then it has been integrated into S-Bahn Mitteldeutschland system. The new station is built directly underneath the site of the former station.

The buildings on the west side of the station were renovated in 1999 and are now used by the Bayerischer Bahnhof Gose Brewery and Gasthaus.
Gwna Group
The Gwna Group (Welsh pronunciation: [ˈɡwnaː]; anglicised roughly “GW-nah”) is a late Precambrian (Ediacaran) / Cambrian lithostratigraphic group (a sequence of rock strata) in northwest Wales. The name is derived from the Afon Gwna, a river near Bodorgan on Anglesey where the strata are exposed. This rock sequence is also commonly referred to as the Gwna Mélange.

Stratum
In geology and related fields, a stratum (pl.: strata) is a layer of rock or sediment characterized by certain lithologic properties or attributes that distinguish it from adjacent layers from which it is separated by visible surfaces known as either bedding surfaces or bedding planes. Prior to the publication of the International Stratigraphic Guide, older publications have defined a stratum as being either equivalent to a single bed or composed of a number of beds; as a layer greater than 1 cm in thickness and constituting a part of a bed; or a general term that includes both bed and lamina. Related terms are substrate and substratum (pl.substrata), a stratum underlying another stratum.
Zhang Qingwei
Zhang Qingwei (Chinese: 张庆伟; born 7 November 1961) is a Chinese politician, business executive, and aerospace engineer, who is a vice chairperson of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress. He was formerly the Party Secretary of Hunan, the Party Secretary of Heilongjiang, Governor of Hebei, and chairperson of the Commission for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (COSTIND). Prior to his government career he was president of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC) and chairman of Comac, an aerospace manufacturer.

Zhang was well known for his work for military contractors, and headed the team that designed and constructed the Xian JH-7 "flying leopard" combat aircraft. He was also the deputy leader of the project to send a Chinese man into space, and the leader of the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program, Chang'e 1. In 2009, Zhang was named one of China's 40 most powerful people by BusinessWeek.

Chinese Lunar Exploration Program
The Chinese Lunar Exploration Program (CLEP; Chinese: 中国探月工程; pinyin: Zhōngguó Tànyuè Gōngchéng), also known as the Chang'e Project (Chinese: 嫦娥工程; pinyin: Cháng'é Gōngchéng) after the Chinese Moon goddess Chang'e, is an ongoing series of robotic Moon missions by the China National Space Administration (CNSA).
Ernst Adolf Coccius
Ernst Adolf Coccius (19 September 1825 – 24 November 1890) was a German ophthalmologist who was a native of Knauthain, which today is part of the city of Leipzig.

He studied medicine in Leipzig, Prague and Paris, and earned his degree in 1848 with the thesis "De morbis typhum sequentibus". From 1849 to 1857 he served as an assistant to Friedrich Philipp Ritterich at the Leipzig Eye Clinic, becoming its director and a full professor in 1867, positions he held up until his death in 1890. After his death, he was succeeded by Hubert Sattler (1844-1928) at the University of Leipzig.

In 1853, Coccius provided the first description of retinal breaks of the eye, and subsequently made the association to retinal detachment. In 1853 he devised an ophthalmoscope that was a modification of the device invented by Hermann von Helmholtz (1821-1894).

His elder brother was the pianist and pedagogue Theodor Coccius (1824-1897).

Friedrich Philipp Ritterich
Friedrich Philipp Ritterich (4 May 1782, Leipzig – 12 February 1866, Leipzig) was a German ophthalmologist.

He studied medicine in Leipzig and Jena, and following graduation continued his education in Vienna with ophthalmologists Georg Joseph Beer (1763–1821) and Johann Adam Schmidt (1759–1809). In 1807 he became privat-docent to the medical faculty at the University of Leipzig, where in 1820 he was appointed professor of ophthalmology. In 1820 he also founded a private eye clinic in Leipzig.

During the late 1850s he succumbed to severe amblyopia, causing him to quit his practice and limit his workload to literary pursuits. Eventually he went completely blind and died in 1866 at the age of 83.

Ritterich made contributions involving writings on squint, and investigations on diseases of the lachrymal nasal canal and the effect of the eye muscles (with anatomist Eduard Weber 1806–1871).
Mabel Josephine Mackerras
Mabel Josephine (Jo) Mackerras (née Bancroft) (7 August 1896 –  8 October 1971) was an Australian zoologist, entomologist and parasitologist. Her research and life's work contributed to entomology, veterinary medicine and medical science. Throughout her life she held a wide range of positions and duties that included Army medical officer, entomologist, medical scientist, and parasitologist. Mackerras was a major during WWII and served in the Army Malaria Research Unit. In an application for King's Birthday Honours her work earned the citation,: "few women can have made a greater contribution to the Allied war effort".

Parasitology
Parasitology is the study of parasites, their hosts, and the relationship between them. As a biological discipline, the scope of parasitology is not determined by the organism or environment in question but by their way of life. This means it forms a synthesis of other disciplines, and draws on techniques from fields such as cell biology, bioinformatics, biochemistry, molecular biology, immunology, genetics, evolution and ecology.
1954 Taiwanese presidential election
Indirect presidential elections were held in the Republic of China on March 22, 1954 to elect the President and Vice President. The vote took place at the Chung-Shan Hall in Taipei. Incumbent President Chiang Kai-shek was re-elected for the second term. The premier Chen Cheng was elected to be the Vice-President. These were the first elections that took place since the fall of the mainland to the Chinese Communist Party in 1949.

Zhongshan Hall
Zhongshan Hall (Chinese: 中山堂; pinyin: Zhōngshān Táng) is a historic building which originally functioned as the Taipei (Taihoku) City Public Auditorium (public hall). It is located at 98 Yanping South Road in the Ximending neighborhood of Zhongzheng District, Taipei, Taiwan. In 1992, it was recognized by the government as a historic site.
Angoon bombardment
The Angoon Bombardment was the destruction of the Tlingit village of Angoon, Alaska, by US Naval forces under Commander Edgar C. Merriman and  Michael A. Healy in October 1882.

A Tlingit shaman was accidentally killed while working on a whaling ship. Tlingit villagers demanded two hundred blankets in compensation from the North West Trading Company. The Tlingit allegedly took two hostages to secure the compensation, and the US Navy went to Angoon to rescue them.  The hostages were released upon the arrival of the naval expedition. Commander Merriman demanded four hundred blankets from the Tlingit in tribute. When the Tlingit delivered just eighty-one blankets, Merriman's forces destroyed the village.

Public reaction to the bombardment was instrumental to the passage of the First Organic Act of 1884 which transferred Alaska from military to civilian control.

The Navy did not apologize for its actions until 2024.

North West Trading Company
The North West Trading Company was organized in Portland, Oregon, United States  in 1879 by Paul Schulze and Henry Villard in order to do business in Alaska. It established a trading post at Killisnoo in 1878; this soon grew to include a fish processing plant at the same site, the first one of its kind in the developing Alaska Territory for nearly forty years. Due to numerous factors, including a mild recession (including Grant's Panic of 1884), rapid expansion of the company, and the uncertain nature of railway markets, the company went into receivership in 1888 and the trading station was sold to Alaska Oil and Guano.
OFC Spartak Pleven
OFK Spartak (Bulgarian: ОФК Спартак) is a Bulgarian municipal association football club from the city of Pleven founded on 10 September 1919. It currently competes in the Second League, the second tier of Bulgarian football. The team's greatest achievements are the Bulgarian Cup final in 1957 and the third place in the Bulgarian Championship during the following season.

Spartak Pleven made its debut in the A Group during the 1952 A Group season. Spartak established itself as one of the most consistent teams in the Bulgarian A Group, only missing five seasons of top flight football between 1952 and 1988. However, after 1989, Spartak began gradually declining, mostly due to financial constraints, with the club only managing to play three top flight seasons since then, most recently during the 2001–02 season.

Second Professional Football League (Bulgaria)
The Bulgarian Second Professional Football League (Bulgarian: Втора професионална футболна лига, romanized: Vtora Profesionalna Futbolna Liga), also known as Second League (Bulgarian: Втора Лига) or Vtora liga (currently known as Mr. Bit Second League for sponsorship reasons), is the second level of the Bulgarian football league system, below First League and above the Third League. Twenty teams take part in the league, each playing twice against all the other, once home and once away. Most matches are played on Saturdays and Sundays. The league is administered by the Bulgarian Professional Football League.

In 2016, the B Group's name was rebranded to Second Professional Football League.
An American Journey
An American Journey: My Life on the Field, In the Air, and On the Air is a 2008 autobiography written by Jerry Coleman and Richard Goldstein. Coleman is a recipient of the Ford C. Frick Award at the National Baseball Hall of Fame and is a member of the United States Marine Corps Sports Hall of Fame located at Marine Corps Base Quantico, in Quantico, Virginia.

Ford C. Frick Award
The Ford C. Frick Award is presented annually by the Baseball Hall of Fame in the United States to a broadcaster for "major contributions to baseball". It is named for Ford C. Frick, former commissioner of baseball. Prior to his career as an executive, Frick was a baseball writer and occasional broadcaster; he gained fame as a ghostwriter for Babe Ruth in the 1920s. The award was created in 1978, and named in tribute to Frick following his death that year.

Recipients of the award are not members of the Hall of Fame—they are not "inducted" or "enshrined", they are not "Hall of Fame broadcasters", and there is no "broadcasters' wing" of the Hall of Fame—they are officially "honorees." The award is given at a separate ceremony from the induction ceremony on Hall of Fame weekend. As with recipients of the BBWAA Career Excellence Award for baseball writing, the honorees are permanently recognized in a "Scribes & Mikemen" exhibit in the Hall's library.
Susannah Hornebolt
Susanna(h) A Hornebolt or Horenbout (1503–c. 1554) was the first known female artist in England and the Tudor dynasty. The daughter of Flemish artist Gerard Hornebolt and sister of Lucas Horenbout, Susannah learned to paint with her father. She gained recognition in Europe in 1521 when Albrecht Dürer bought her illumination, The Savior.

She came to England, as did Lucas, her father, and mother, Margaret Svanders Hornebolt. (The family name was anglicised to Hornebolt in 1534). She was a gentlewoman of the Privy Chamber for Jane Seymour, Anne of Cleves, Catherine Parr and perhaps Queen Mary. She was  reputedly an artist for Henry VIII and his court. Hornebolt married John Parker and after his death married John Gilman.

Her work has been admired by contemporary artists Albrecht Dürer, Guicciardini and Vasari.

Francesco Guicciardini
Francesco Guicciardini (Italian: [franˈtʃesko ɡwittʃarˈdiːni]; 6 March 1483 – 22 May 1540) was an Italian historian and statesman. A friend and critic of Niccolò Machiavelli, he is considered one of the major political writers of the Italian Renaissance. In his masterpiece, The History of Italy, Guicciardini paved the way for a new style in historiography with his use of government sources to support arguments and the realistic analysis of the people and events of his time.
Jack Sherman
Jack Morris Sherman (January 18, 1956 – August 18, 2020) was an American guitarist, best known as the second guitarist for the Red Hot Chili Peppers, between Hillel Slovak's departure and return. He played on the band's debut album, and co-wrote much of their second album, Freaky Styley. He went on to collaborate with musicians Bob Dylan, George Clinton, Feargal Sharkey, and Peter Case.

Feargal Sharkey
Seán Feargal Sharkey OBE (born 13 August 1958) is a singer, and environmentalist from Derry, Northern Ireland. He was the lead vocalist of the punk band the Undertones in the 1970s and 1980s, and became a solo artist in the 1980s and 1990s. His 1985 solo single "A Good Heart" was a number-one hit in the United Kingdom, Australia, Belgium, Ireland, and the Netherlands. After becoming less musically active in the early 1990s, he has performed various roles supporting the UK's commercial music industry, winning several awards and honours for his work in that area.

Sharkey is also a lifelong fly fisherman, and has campaigned against the pollution of British rivers (particularly chalk streams). He is also the Chairman of the Amwell Magna Fishery. He has become a figurehead for the campaign to prevent water companies dumping sewage into UK waterways and coasts.
Calochortus nuttallii
Calochortus nuttallii, also known as the sego lily, is a bulbous perennial plant that is endemic to the Western United States. The common name of sego comes from a similar Shoshone word. It is the state flower of Utah.

Calochortus leichtlinii
Calochortus leichtlinii is a species of flowering plant in the lily family known by the common names Leichtlin's mariposa, smokey mariposa, and mariposa lily.

The plant is native to the Sierra Nevada and Modoc Plateau of California and adjacent parts of the Great Basin in southeastern Oregon and western Nevada. It grows in coniferous forest and chaparral habitats, including the lowest grassy hills—such as along the Sierra Nevada boundary with the Central Valley and agriculture.

The small underground bulbs were eaten by the Native Americans.
Banded Bluff
Banded Bluff (85°20′S 169°30′W﻿ / ﻿85.333°S 169.500°W﻿ / -85.333; -169.500) is a prominent bluff in Antarctica. It is about 4 nautical miles (7 km) long, rising 3 nautical miles (6 km) southeast of McKinley Nunatak, where it forms a part of the east wall of Liv Glacier. It was so named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names because of the alternate bands of snow and rock which mark the steep face of the bluff.

Liv Glacier
Liv Glacier (84°55′S 168°0′W﻿ / ﻿84.917°S 168.000°W﻿ / -84.917; -168.000) is a steep valley glacier, 40 nautical miles (74 km; 46 mi) long, emerging from the Antarctic Plateau just southeast of Barnum Peak and draining north through the Queen Maud Mountains to enter Ross Ice Shelf between Mayer Crags and Duncan Mountains. It was discovered in 1911 by Roald Amundsen, who named it for the daughter of Fridtjof Nansen.

Richard E. Byrd chose this glacier as his route to the Polar Plateau on 28 November 1929 when he flew from Little America to the South Pole.
Severija Janušauskaitė
Severija Janušauskaitė (born 22 October 1981) is a Lithuanian stage and film actress, occasionally performing as a singer, composer, costume designer and fashion model. She is well known for her role in the drama film Star (2014), for which she received an Award for Best Actress at the Kinotavr Film Festival, a Golden Eagle Award for Best Supporting Actress as well as Nika Award and White Elephant Award nominations in several categories. Other popular works include the comedy film The Norseman (2015) as well as the TV series The Optimists and Babylon Berlin (both 2017).

Golden Eagle Award (Russia)
The Golden Eagle Award (Russian: премия Золотой Орёл, romanized: premiya Zolotoy Oryol) is an award given by the National Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences of Russia to recognize excellence of professionals in the film industry, directors, actors, and writers. Modelled after the American Golden Globe Awards, the formal ceremony at which the awards are presented is one of the most prominent award ceremonies in Russia, alongside the Nika Award.

The national Russian award is given out in 24 categories each January for motion pictures and TV series produced in Russia during the previous year. The awarding statuette is a silver eagle, originally made from copper with a jade pedestal, and was designed by sculptor Viktor Mitroshin. The design was later altered by the Spanish company Carrera y Carrera. The award was conceived by Nikita Mikhalkov as a counterweight to the Nika Award established in 1987 and run by the Russian Academy of Cinema Arts and Sciences in Moscow.
Jake Ejercito
Juan Emilio "Jake" Enriquez Ejercito (Tagalog pronunciation: [ʔɛˌhɛːɾ.sɪˈto]; born March 27, 1990) is a Filipino actor. He is the son of former actor and Philippine President Joseph Estrada and a half-brother to Senators Jinggoy Estrada and JV Ejercito.

JV Ejercito
Joseph Victor Gomez Ejercito (Tagalog pronunciation: [ʔɛˌhɛːɾ.sɪˈto]; born December 26, 1969), also known as JV Ejercito Estrada or simply JV Ejercito, is a Filipino politician and businessman serving as a Senator since 2022 and previously from 2013 to 2019. He had also served as the representative of San Juan from 2010 to 2013 and was the city's mayor from 2001 to 2010. He is a son of former president Joseph Estrada, and a half-brother of Senator Jinggoy Estrada.

After his father and half-brother were arrested for plunder on April 25, 2001, Ejercito was among the politicians who spoke against the Second EDSA Revolution at pro-Estrada rallies that preceded the May 1 riots near Malacañang Palace.

Ejercito credits himself as the author of the Universal Health Care Act of the Philippines.
Juan Manuel Bordeu
Juan Manuel Bordeu (28 January 1934 – 24 November 1990) was a racing driver from Balcarce, Argentina. A protégé of Juan Manuel Fangio, Bordeu had a successful early career but a bad testing accident wrecked his chances in Formula One. His only World Championship Formula One entry was at the 1961 French Grand Prix in a Lotus run by the UDT Laystall team, but the car was eventually driven by Lucien Bianchi.

He raced on until his retirement in 1973, after which he represented his country as a delegate of FISA.

Lucien Bianchi
Luciano "Lucien" Bianchi (Italian: [luˈtʃaːno ˈbjaŋki], French: [lysjɛ̃ bjɑ̃ki]; 10 November 1934 – 30 March 1969) was an Italian-born Belgian racing driver who raced for the Cooper, ENB, UDT Laystall and Scuderia Centro Sud teams in Formula One. He entered a total of 19 Formula One World Championship races, scoring six points and had a best finish of third at the 1968 Monaco Grand Prix.

Bianchi also drove in 13 consecutive 24 Hours of Le Mans (1956–1968), finishing 1st in Class three times, including the 1st overall win at the 1968 24 Hours of Le Mans, with co-driver Pedro Rodríguez. Bianchi died in a crash while testing for the 1969 24 Hours of Le Mans.
Drama 61-67
Drama 61-67 is a British anthology drama series which took a different title, based on year of transmission, each year.  It alternated with Armchair Theatre from ABC in the Sunday evening slot.

The series was described at the time as epitomising ATV drama.

It is unknown how many episodes exist or are missing, although Nigel Kneale's Drama 64 episode The Crunch is known to exist and is available on DVD. This episode marked the screen debut of a then twelve-year-old Olivia Hussey.

Armchair Theatre
Armchair Theatre is a British television drama anthology series of single plays that ran on the ITV network from 1956 to 1974. It was originally produced by ABC Weekend TV. Its successor Thames Television took over from mid-1968.

The Canadian-born producer Sydney Newman was in charge of Armchair Theatre between September 1958 and December 1962, during what is generally considered to have been its best era, and produced 152 episodes.
Patrick Tay
Patrick Tay Teck Guan BBM  (born 1 December 1971) is a Singaporean politician and lawyer. A member of the governing People's Action Party (PAP), he has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Pioneer Single Member Constituency (SMC) since 2020. He had previously represented the Nee Soon East division of Nee Soon Group Representation Constituency (GRC) between 2011 and 2015, and the Boon Lay division of West Coast GRC between 2015 and 2020.

A lawyer by profession, Tay has held positions in various trade unions in Singapore since 2002, and has been an assistant secretary-general of the National Trades Union Congress (NTUC) since February 2014.

National Trades Union Congress
The National Trades Union Congress (NTUC), also known as the Singapore National Trades Union Congress (SNTUC) internationally, is the sole national trade union centre in Singapore. NTUC leads the labour movement of Singapore, comprising 59 affiliated trade unions, 5 affiliated trade associations, 6 social enterprises, 6 related organisations and other enterprise partners.

The NTUC helms May Day celebrations and organises an annual rally in support of workers' solidarity and commitment to a tripartite partnership. Since its inception, the NTUC has had a close symbiotic relationship with the People's Action Party (PAP), the current ruling political party of the country.
Ryan Keberle
Ryan Keberle (born 
June 16, 1980) is an American trombone player, composer, arranger, and educator. Described by The New York Times as a "trombonist of vision and composure", he leads Ryan Keberle & Catharsis, Collectiv do Brasil, his All Ears Orchestra, the Big Band Living Legacy Project and co-leads the international chamber jazz ensemble, Reverso. Keberle has performed with David Bowie, Maria Schneider, Wynton Marsalis, Darcy James Argue, Alicia Keys, and Sufjan Stevens, among others, and has appeared on seven Grammy Award-winning records.

Keberle currently directs the jazz program at Hunter College. A "relentlessly prolific sideman", Keberle has appeared on movie soundtracks for filmmakers including Woody Allen and in the pit for Broadway musicals such as In the Heights.

Wynton Marsalis
Wynton Learson Marsalis (born October 18, 1961) is an American trumpeter, composer, and music instructor, who is currently the artistic director of Jazz at Lincoln Center. He has been active in promoting classical and jazz music, often to young audiences. Marsalis has won nine Grammy Awards, and his 1997 oratorio Blood on the Fields was the first jazz composition to win the Pulitzer Prize for Music. Marsalis is the only musician to have won a Grammy Award in both jazz and classical categories in the same year.