hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Francesco Siacci
Francesco Siacci (20 April 1839 – 31 May 1907), an Italian mathematician, ballistician, and officer in the Italian army, was born in Rome, Italy. He was a professor of mechanics in the University of Turin and University of Naples. He is best known for his contributions to the field of exterior ballistics.

External ballistics
External ballistics or exterior ballistics is the part of ballistics that deals with the behavior of a projectile in flight. The projectile may be powered or un-powered, guided or unguided, spin or fin stabilized, flying through an atmosphere or in the vacuum of space, but most certainly flying under the influence of a gravitational field.

Gun-launched projectiles may be unpowered, deriving all their velocity from the propellant's ignition until the projectile exits the gun barrel. However, exterior ballistics analysis also deals with the trajectories of rocket-assisted gun-launched projectiles and gun-launched rockets and rockets that acquire all their trajectory velocity from the interior ballistics of their on-board propulsion system, either a rocket motor or air-breathing engine, both during their boost phase and after motor burnout.  External ballistics is also concerned with the free-flight of other projectiles, such as balls, arrows etc.
4733d Air Defense Group
The 4733d Air Defense Group is a discontinued United States Air Force organization. Its last assignment was with the 64th Air Division at Frobisher Bay Air Station, Baffin Island, Northwest Territories, Canada, where it was discontinued in 1958.  The group was formed in 1957 when Air Defense Command  assumed responsibility for air defense of Northern Canada from Northeast Air Command, including support for remote Distant Early Warning Line (DEW Line) radar sites.  It also controlled two squadrons operating radars at dispersed locations.  It was discontinued in 1958 and its DEW Line support mission transferred to the 4601st Support Group and its radar squadrons to the 4732d Air Defense Group in Newfoundland.

Northeast Air Command
Northeast Air Command (NEAC) was a Major Command of the United States Air Force, responsible for the operation and defense of air bases in Greenland, Labrador, and Newfoundland. It was formed in 1950 from the facilities of the United States established during World War II in eastern Canada, Newfoundland and Greenland. It was discontinued in 1957.
George Logan (Connecticut politician)
George S. Logan (born March 5, 1969) is an American politician and member of the Republican Party. He served as a member of the Connecticut State Senate from 2017 to 2021. He was the Republican nominee for Connecticut's 5th congressional district in the 2022 United States House of Representatives elections in Connecticut, ultimately losing to Jahana Hayes by less than one percentage point.

Connecticut State Senate
The Connecticut State Senate is the upper house of the Connecticut General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Connecticut. The state senate comprises 36 members, each representing a district with around 99,280 inhabitants. Senators are elected to two-year terms without term limits. The Connecticut State Senate is one of 14 state legislative upper houses whose members serve two-year terms; four-year terms are more common.

As in other upper houses of state and territorial legislatures and the federal U.S. Senate, the Senate is vested with special functions such as confirming or rejecting gubernatorial appointments to the state's executive departments, the state cabinet, commissions and boards. Unlike a majority of U.S. state legislatures, both the Connecticut House of Representatives and the State Senate vote on the composition of the Connecticut Supreme Court.

The Senate meets within the State Capitol in Hartford.
José Parra (baseball)
José Miguel Parra (born November 28, 1972) is a Dominican former Major League Baseball right-handed pitcher who played from 1995-2004. He also played two seasons in Japan, for the Yomiuri Giants in 1999 and the Orix Buffaloes in 2005, as well as in South Korea and Taiwan. He most recently served as the pitching coach for the Gulf Coast League Tigers.

Florida Complex League Tigers
The Florida Complex League Tigers are a Rookie-level affiliate of the Detroit Tigers, competing in the Florida Complex League of Minor League Baseball. Prior to 2021, the team was known as the Gulf Coast League Tigers. The team plays its home games at Joker Marchant Stadium in Lakeland, Florida. The team is composed mainly of players who are in their first year of professional baseball either as draftees or non-drafted free agents from the United States, Canada, Dominican Republic, Venezuela, and various other countries.
Vijaykumar Vyshak
Vijaykumar Vyshak (born 31 January 1997) is an Indian cricketer who plays for Karnataka in domestic cricket and Punjab Kings in the Indian Premier League.

He made his List A debut on 24 February 2021, for Karnataka in the 2020–21 Vijay Hazare Trophy. He made his Twenty20 debut on 5 November 2021, for Karnataka in the 2021–22 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy. He made his first-class debut on 17 February 2022, for Karnataka in the 2021–22 Ranji Trophy.

On 7 April 2023, Royal Challengers Bangalore signed Vyshak Vijay Kumar as a replacement for Rajat Patidar for 2023 Indian Premier League.

On 15 April 2023, he made IPL debut against Delhi Capitals in 2023 Indian Premier League.

Karnataka cricket team
Karnataka cricket team represents the Indian state of Karnataka in domestic cricket competitions. It has traditionally been one of the strongest teams in the domestic circuit and has produced many of Indian cricket team's iconic players. It was known as Mysore cricket team before the state of Mysore was officially renamed as Karnataka in 1973. It has won the Ranji Trophy eight times and been runners-up six times (including twice as the Mysore team). The team's home ground is the M. Chinnaswamy Stadium in Bengaluru. There was a major push in cricketing infrastructure in 2010s and as of now, grounds in Bengaluru, Mysuru, Hubballi are constantly used in Ranji Trophy, Vijay Hazare Trophy & Karnataka Premier League
2014 Namibian general election
General elections were held in Namibia on 28 November 2014, although early voting took place in foreign polling stations and for seagoing personnel on 14 November. The elections were the first on the African continent to use electronic voting.

A total of nine candidates ran for the presidency, whilst 16 political parties contested the National Assembly elections. Hage Geingob of the ruling SWAPO party, won the presidential elections with 87% of the vote. SWAPO also won the National Assembly elections, taking 80% of the vote.

SWAPO
The South West Africa People's Organisation (SWAPO /ˈswɑːpoʊ/; Afrikaans: Suidwes-Afrikaanse Volks Organisasie, SWAVO; German: Südwestafrikanische Volksorganisation, SWAVO), officially known as the SWAPO Party of Namibia, is a political party and former independence movement in Namibia (formerly South West Africa). Founded in 1960, it has been the governing party in Namibia since the country achieved independence in 1990. The party continues to be dominated in number and influence by the Ovambo ethnic group.

SWAPO held a two-thirds majority in parliament from 1994 to 2019. In the general election held in November 2019, the party won 65.5% of the popular vote and 63 out of the 104 seats in the National Assembly. It also holds 28 out of the 42 seats in the National Council. From November 2017 until his death in February 2024, Namibian President Hage Geingob remained the president of SWAPO after being elected to the position at the party's electoral congress.
2012–13 West Coast Conference men's basketball season
The 2012–13 West Coast Conference men's basketball season began with practices in October 2012 and ended with the 2013 West Coast Conference men's basketball tournament at the Orleans Arena March 6–11, 2013 in Las Vegas. The regular season began in November, with the conference schedule starting at the end of December.

This was the 62nd season for the conference, and the 24th under its current name as "West Coast Conference". The conference began as the California Basketball Association in 1952, became the West Coast Athletic Conference in 1956, and dropped the word "Athletic" in 1989. After having no changes from 1980 until 2011, the conference will have its second change in three years in 2013. Original conference founder, and a fellow faith-based, private school Pacific will rejoin the conference. Pacific will come from the Big West.

Paradise, Nevada
Paradise is an unincorporated town and census-designated place (CDP) in Clark County, Nevada, United States, adjacent to the city of Las Vegas. It was formed on December 8, 1950. Its population was 191,238 at the 2020 census, making it the fifth-most-populous CDP in the United States; if it were an incorporated city, it would be the fifth-largest in Nevada. As an unincorporated town, it is governed by the Clark County Commission with input from the Paradise Town Advisory Board.

Paradise contains Harry Reid International Airport; the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV); the majority of the Las Vegas Strip; and most of the tourist attractions in the Las Vegas area (excluding downtown). However, all Paradise addresses, as well as other unincorporated areas in the Las Vegas Valley, have "Las Vegas" addresses.
Elizabeth Wordsworth
Dame Elizabeth Wordsworth DBE (22 June 1840 – 30 November 1932) was founding Principal of Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford and she funded and founded St Hugh's College. She was also an author, sometimes writing under the name Grant Lloyd.

Principal (academia)
The principal is the chief executive and the chief academic officer of a university or college in certain parts of the Commonwealth.

In the United States, the principal is the head of school at most pre-university, non-boarding schools.
Double cloth
Double cloth or double weave (also doublecloth, double-cloth, doubleweave) is a kind of woven textile in which two or more sets of warps and one or more sets of weft or filling yarns are interconnected to form a two-layered cloth. The movement of threads between the layers allows complex patterns and surface textures to be created.

In contemporary textile manufacturing, the term "double cloth" or "true double cloth" is sometimes restricted to fabrics with two warps and three wefts, made up as two distinct fabrics lightly connected by the third or binding weft, but this distinction is not always made, and double-woven fabrics in which two warps and two wefts interlace to form geometric patterns are also called double cloths.

Warp and weft
In the manufacture of cloth, warp and weft are the two basic components in weaving to transform thread and yarn into textile fabrics. The vertical warp yarns are held stationary in tension on a loom (frame) while the horizontal weft (also called the woof) is drawn through (inserted over and under) the warp thread. In the terminology of weaving, each warp thread is called a warp end; a pick is a single weft thread that crosses the warp thread (synonymous terms are fill yarn and filling yarn).

In the 18th century, the Industrial Revolution facilitated the industrialisation of the production of textile fabrics with the picking stick and the flying shuttle, the latter of which was invented by John Kay, in 1733. The mechanised power loom was patented by Edmund Cartwright in 1785, which allowed sixty picks per minute.
Alexander River (New Zealand)
The Alexander River is a river on the West Coast of New Zealand's South Island. It rises in the Victoria Range on the slopes of Mount Puttick before flowing west, ultimately reaching the Upper Grey River. Gold mining formerly took place in the area around the river as part of the West Coast Gold Rush, with a former stamping battery located on the left bank of the river.

Upper Grey River
The Upper Grey River is a river of the West Coast Region of New Zealand's South Island. As the name suggests, it is a stretch of the Grey River, and the name is used for the section between the confluence of the Blue Grey River, Brown Grey River, and Crooked Mary Creek in the Southern Alps and the Upper Grey's confluence with the Little Grey River 25 kilometres southwest of Reefton.
Zhou Botong
Zhou Botong (Chinese: 周伯通) is a fictional character in the wuxia novels The Legend of the Condor Heroes and The Return of the Condor Heroes by Jin Yong. A member of the Quanzhen School, he is highly-skilled in martial arts, having been trained by his senior, Wang Chongyang, the school's founder. Although he is already in his old age, he is still known for behaving childishly and constantly seeking fun, hence he is nicknamed "Old Imp" (老頑童; lǎowántóng). At the end of the second novel, he takes the central position of the Five Greats, the five most powerful martial artists in the jianghu (martial artists' community), to replace his deceased senior.

Jianghu
Jianghu (江湖; jiānghú; gong1wu4; 'rivers and lakes') is a Chinese term that generally refers to the social environment in which many Chinese wuxia, xianxia, and gong'an stories are set. The term is used flexibly, and can be used to describe a fictionalized version of imperial China (usually using loose influences from across the 221 BC – 1912 AD period of time); a setting of feuding martial arts clans and the people of that community; a secret and possibly criminal underworld; a general sense of the "mythic world" where fantastical stories happen; or some combination thereof. A closely related term, wulin (武林; wǔlín; 'martial forest'), refers exclusively to the community of martial artists that inhabit a jianghu setting. The term wulin has been borrowed into Korean as murim (무림) to refer to fiction set in Chinese-inspired martial arts worlds.
Steam cracking
Steam cracking is a petrochemical process in which saturated hydrocarbons are broken down into smaller, often unsaturated, hydrocarbons. It is the principal industrial method for producing the lighter alkenes (or commonly olefins), including ethene (or ethylene) and propene (or propylene). Steam cracker units are facilities in which a feedstock such as naphtha, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), ethane, propane or butane is thermally cracked through the use of steam in steam cracking furnaces to produce lighter hydrocarbons. The propane dehydrogenation process may be accomplished through different commercial technologies. The main differences between each of them concerns the catalyst employed, design of the reactor and strategies to achieve higher conversion rates.

Olefins are useful precursors to myriad products.  Steam cracking is the core technology that supports the largest scale chemical processes, i.e. ethylene and propylene.

Naphtha
Naphtha (/ˈnæfθə/, recorded as less common or nonstandard in all dictionaries: /ˈnæpθə/) is a flammable liquid hydrocarbon mixture. Generally, it is a fraction of crude oil, but it can also be produced from natural-gas condensates, petroleum distillates, and the fractional distillation of coal tar and peat.  In some industries and regions, the name naphtha refers to crude oil or refined petroleum products such as kerosene or diesel fuel.

Naphtha is also known as Shellite in Australia.
BestZoo
BestZOO is a small zoo in Best, North Brabant, Netherlands. It opened in 1930 as Vleut the Zoo, and was owned and operated by the van Laarhoven family until purchased by Zodiac Zoos in 2007. Zodiac Zoos upgraded many of the old exhibits to more naturalistic settings, but sold them to Jos Nooren in 2010 before all upgrades were completed.

The zoo participates in several European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA) European Endangered Species Programmes (EEP) programs, including Edwards's pheasant, black-and-white ruffed lemur, Colombian spider monkey and Sri Lankan leopard.

Sri Lankan leopard
The Sri Lankan leopard (Panthera pardus kotiya) is a leopard subspecies native to Sri Lanka. It was first described in 1956 by Sri Lankan zoologist Paules Edward Pieris Deraniyagala.

Since 2020, the Sri Lankan leopard has been listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List, as the population is estimated at less than 800 mature individuals, and is probably declining.
The Whip Hand (novel)
The Whip Hand is a 1965 spy novel by the British writer Victor Canning. It is the first in a series of four novels about Rex Carver, a private detective drawn back into his old profession of espionage. The novel also features the secret service agent Manston who had also appeared in The Limbo Line, Canning's previous novel.

The Limbo Line (novel)
The Limbo Line is a 1963 spy thriller novel by the British writer Victor Canning. A former British secret service agent Richard Manston is called out of retirement to tackle a Soviet spy network kidnapping recent defectors to be taken back to Moscow.

The book acts as a prequel to the four Rex Carver novels in that it introduces the Government agency that Carver is later unwillingly drawn into. Manston also appears as a character in some of the Rex Carver books.
Bijou Phillips
Bijou Mary Phillips (born April 1, 1980) is an American model, socialite, and former actress and singer. The daughter of musicians John Phillips and Geneviève Waïte, she began her career as a model. Phillips made her singing debut with I'd Rather Eat Glass (1999), and since her first major film appearance in Black and White (1999), she has acted in Almost Famous (2000), Bully (2001), The Door in the Floor (2004), Havoc (2005), Hostel: Part II (2007), and Choke (2008). From 2010 to 2013, she played the recurring role of Lucy Carlyle on the television series Raising Hope.

Raising Hope
Raising Hope is an American television sitcom created by Greg Garcia that aired on Fox from September 21, 2010, to April 4, 2014. Following its first season, the show received two nominations at the 63rd Primetime Emmy Awards. Martha Plimpton was nominated for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series, and Cloris Leachman was nominated for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series. Plimpton also won the 2011 Satellite Award for Best Actress in a Comedy Series.

The fourth season premiered Friday, November 15, 2013, at 9:00 pm Eastern/8:00 pm Central with back-to-back episodes. Greg Garcia left Raising Hope to work on The Millers for CBS. On March 10, 2014, Fox cancelled the show after four seasons. The series finale aired on April 4, 2014.
Brian Deegan
Brian Deegan (born May 9, 1974) is an American professional freestyle motocross rider and racing driver.

Deegan was the first to land a 360 in a freestyle motocross competition. With a total of 16 X Games medals across multiple disciplines, he is one of the most decorated athletes in X Games history, with 12 in motocross and 4 in rally car racing.

A co-founder of the Metal Mulisha clothing line, Deegan is one of the most recognizable names in action sports. In the 2010s, Deegan transitioned to rallycross in the Global Rallycross Championship and off-road trucks in the Lucas Oil Off Road Racing Championship series. In 2010, Deegan earned double silver in Rally Car Racing and RallyCross. In 2011, he took RallyCross gold and came back to earn bronze in 2012.

Global Rallycross
Global Rallycross (known as Red Bull Global Rallycross for sponsorship reasons) was a rallycross series operated by businessmen Colin Dyne in conjunction with Sponsor RedBull. The series ran for seven seasons, primarily in North America, from 2011 to 2017.
Gibbs–Helmholtz equation
The Gibbs–Helmholtz equation is a thermodynamic equation used to calculate changes in the Gibbs free energy of a system as a function of temperature. It was originally presented in an 1882 paper entitled "Die Thermodynamik chemischer Vorgänge" by Hermann von Helmholtz. It describes how the Gibbs free energy, which was presented originally by Josiah Willard Gibbs, varies with temperature. It was derived by Helmholtz first, and Gibbs derived it only 6 years later. The attribution to Gibbs goes back to Wilhelm Ostwald, who first translated Gibbs' monograph into German and promoted it in Europe.

The equation is:

where H is the enthalpy, T the absolute temperature and G the Gibbs free energy of the system, all at constant pressure p. The equation states that the change in the G/T ratio at constant pressure as a result of an infinitesimally small change in temperature is a factor H/T2.

Similar equations include

Pressure
Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed.: 445  Gauge pressure (also spelled gage pressure) is the pressure relative to the ambient pressure.

Various units are used to express pressure. Some of these derive from a unit of force divided by a unit of area; the SI unit of pressure, the pascal (Pa), for example, is one newton per square metre (N/m2); similarly, the pound-force per square inch (psi, symbol lbf/in2) is the traditional unit of pressure in the imperial and US customary systems. Pressure may also be expressed in terms of standard atmospheric pressure; the unit atmosphere (atm) is equal to this pressure, and the torr is defined as 1⁄760 of this. Manometric units such as the centimetre of water, millimetre of mercury, and inch of mercury are used to express pressures in terms of the height of column of a particular fluid in a manometer.
Scott Horton (radio host)
Scott Horton (born 1976) is an American radio host and author. He serves as the director of the Libertarian Institute and hosts The Scott Horton Show, where he has conducted interviews with experts on foreign policy, war, and civil liberties. Horton is also the author of Fool's Errand: Time to End the War in Afghanistan, Enough Already: Time to End the War on Terrorism, and Provoked: How Washington Started the New Cold War with Russia and the Catastrophe in Ukraine, all of which critique U.S. military interventions.

An advocate of non-interventionism, Horton is known for his critique of American foreign policy and his opposition to the expansion of military power. He has contributed to various publications, including Antiwar.com, where he is editorial director, and The American Conservative.

The American Conservative
The American Conservative (TAC) is a bimonthly magazine published by the American Ideas Institute. The magazine was founded in 2002 by Pat Buchanan, Scott McConnell and Taki Theodoracopulos to advance an anti-neoconservative perspective. It has been noted as the only conservative publication in the early 2000s to oppose the Iraq War, publishing a string of articles Ralph Nader described as "the most devastating critiques of the neocons' lust for unlawful wars" of the era. It was later credited with putting J.D. Vance's Hillbilly Elegy "on the map" in a 2016 interview with Vance.

According to the publication, it exists to promote a form of conservatism that opposes unchecked power in government and business, supports "vibrant markets and free people", and embraces "realism and restraint" in foreign policy.