hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gmina Szczurowa
Gmina Szczurowa is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Brzesko County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the village of Szczurowa, which lies approximately 17 kilometres (11 mi) north of Brzesko and 52 km (32 mi) east of the regional capital Kraków.

The gmina covers an area of 134.64 square kilometres (52.0 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 9,846.

Brzesko County
Brzesko County (Polish: powiat brzeski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, southern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Brzesko, which lies 50 kilometres (31 mi) east of the regional capital Kraków. The only other town in the county is Czchów, lying 14 km (9 mi) south of Brzesko.

The county covers an area of 590 square kilometres (227.8 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 93,139, out of which the population of Brzesko is 16,792, that of Czchów is 2,345, and the rural population is 74,002.
Carrier aircraft used during World War II
Over 700 different aircraft models were used during World War II.  At least 135 of these models were developed for naval use,  including about 50 fighters  and 38 bombers.

Only about 25 carrier-launched aircraft models were used extensively for combat operations. Of these, nine were introduced during the war years after the Japanese  attack on Pearl Harbor brought United States into the war, four by the United States Navy (USN) and three by the Royal Navy (RN) and two by the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN).

Curtiss F11C Goshawk
The Curtiss F11C Goshawk is a 1930s American biplane fighter aircraft. It was part of a long line of Curtiss Hawk airplanes built by the Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company for the American military and for export.
Mature Themes
Mature Themes is the ninth studio album by the American recording artist Ariel Pink. It was released on August 20, 2012, through 4AD, and is the second album recorded with Pink's band. It is the final album released under Pink's musical project "Haunted Graffiti," as he would subsequently release material under his name starting with his follow-up album, pom pom (2014).

The album was recognized as one of "The 100 Best Albums of the Decade So Far", a list published by Pitchfork in August 2014.

Pom Pom (album)
Pom Pom (stylized as pom pom) is the tenth studio album by American recording artist Ariel Pink, released on November 17, 2014 through 4AD. It was his first release credited solely to himself, and his last on 4AD. Several of its songs were co-written with the ailing Kim Fowley, who died the following January. Critics generally gave the album positive reviews. Only one single was issued from the album: "Put Your Number in My Phone".
Hot Springs, Chang Chenmo Valley
Hot Springs (traditional name: Kyam) is a campsite and the location of an Indian border outpost in the Chang Chenmo River valley in Ladakh near the disputed border with China. It is so named because there is a hot spring at this location.  The Line of Actual Control near Kongka Pass is only 3 kilometres (2 mi) to the east.

Tsogtsalu
Tsogtsalu or Tsolu is a pasture, traditional campsite, and Indian Military's base in the Ladakh union territory of India, in the Chang Chenmo Valley close to India's LAC border with Tibet. It is located at the confluence of the Rimdi Chu river that flows north from Marsemik La and the west-flowing Chang Chenmo River.
Fengpu Avenue station
Fengpu Avenue (Chinese: 奉浦大道; pinyin: Fèngpǔ Dàdào) is a station on Line 5 of the Shanghai Metro. Located at Fengpu Avenue and Huhang Highway in the city's Fengxian District, the station is located on the main branch of Line 5 and opened as part of the southern extension of Line 5 on 30 December 2018. It is an elevated station. During the planning stages and early part of construction, it was known simply as Fengpu (奉浦).

The station is located between Xiaotang and Huanchengdong Road.

Line 5 (Shanghai Metro)
Line 5 is a north–south rapid transit line of the Shanghai Metro network, running from Xinzhuang station in Minhang District in the north to Fengxian Xincheng in Fengxian District was originally planned as the Minhang and Fengxian sections of line 1 extending south to Minhang. Despite its numeric designation, it was the fourth Shanghai Metro line to enter passenger service, opening on 25 November 2003. The line is colored violet on system maps.
Q-gamma function
In q-analog theory, the -gamma function, or basic gamma function, is a generalization of the ordinary gamma function closely related to the double gamma function. It was introduced by Jackson (1905). It is given by

when , and

if . Here  is the infinite -Pochhammer symbol. The -gamma function satisfies the functional equation

In addition, the -gamma function satisfies the q-analog of the Bohr–Mollerup theorem, which was found by Richard Askey (Askey (1978)).

For non-negative integers ,

where  is the -factorial function. Thus the -gamma function can be considered as an extension of the -factorial function to the real numbers.

The relation to the ordinary gamma function is made explicit in the limit

There is a simple proof of this limit by Gosper. See the appendix of (Andrews (1986)).

Bohr–Mollerup theorem
In mathematical analysis, the Bohr–Mollerup theorem is a theorem proved by the Danish mathematicians Harald Bohr and Johannes Mollerup. The theorem characterizes the gamma function, defined for x > 0 by

as the only positive function  f , with domain on the interval x > 0, that simultaneously has the following three properties:

f (1) = 1, and

f (x + 1) = x f (x) for x > 0 and

f  is logarithmically convex.

A treatment of this theorem is in Artin's book The Gamma Function, which has been reprinted by the AMS in a collection of Artin's writings.

The theorem was first published in a textbook on complex analysis, as Bohr and Mollerup thought it had already been proved.

The theorem admits a far-reaching generalization to a wide variety of functions (that have convexity or concavity properties of any order).
1994 Westminster Titans football team
The 1994 Westminster Titans football team was an American football team that represented Westminster College of Pennsylvania as a member of Mideast League (MEL) within the Mid-States Football Association (MSFA) during the 1994 NAIA Division II football season. In their fourth season under head coach Gene Nicholson, the Titans compiled a 12–2 record. They advanced to the NAIA Division II playoffs, defeating Tiffin (42–14) in the quarterfinal, Lambuth (46–6) in the semifinal and Pacific Lutheran (27–7) in the NAIA Division II National Championship Game.

Tiffin Dragons football
The Tiffin Dragons football team represents Tiffin University in college football at the NCAA Division II level. The Dragons have been members of the Great Midwest Athletic Conference (G-MAC), fielding their team in the G-MAC since 2008. They play their home games at Frost–Kalnow Stadium in Tiffin, Ohio.

The team's head coach is Brett Ekkens, who assumed the position for the 2024 season.
Ferdinand Werner
Ferdinand Friedrich Karl Werner (27 October 1876 – 5 March 1961) was a German schoolteacher and long-serving politician who held offices during the German Empire, the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany. Throughout his career, he belonged to several far-right and antisemitic parties. He was a deputy in the Imperial Reichstag from 1911 to 1917, and again in the Republican Reichstag from 1924 to 1928. From 1921 to 1933, he served as a deputy of the Landtag of the People's State of Hesse. In the first year of Nazi Germany he was the first Nazi Party State President and, later, Minister-president of Hesse but was dismissed in a power struggle with Reichsstatthalter (Reich Governor) Jakob Sprenger. He then worked for the Association of German Mountain and Hiking Clubs and as a Hessian state historian.

University of Giessen
University of Giessen, official name Justus Liebig University Giessen (German: Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen), is a large public research university in Giessen, Hesse, Germany. It is one of the oldest institutions of higher education in the German-speaking world. It is named after its most famous faculty member, Justus von Liebig, the founder of modern agricultural chemistry and inventor of artificial fertiliser. It covers the areas of arts/humanities, business, dentistry, economics, law, medicine, science, social sciences and veterinary medicine. Its university hospital, which has two sites, Giessen and Marburg (the latter of which is the teaching hospital of the University of Marburg), is the only private university hospital in Germany.
Waldenburg Hills
The Waldenburg Hills (German: Waldenburger Berge) are a forested hill range, up to 522.8 m above sea level (NHN), in the counties of Schwäbisch Hall and Hohenlohe in the south German state of Baden-Württemberg.

At the same time the Waldenburg Hills are one of five woodland regions in the Swabian-Franconian Forest Nature Park, which forms the western part of the Swabian-Franconian Forest. Its name is derived from the town of Waldenburg on its northern perimeter.

Naturschutzgebiet
A Naturschutzgebiet (German pronunciation: [naˈtuːɐ̯ʃʊtsɡəˌbiːt] ⓘ; abbreviated NSG) is a category of protected area (nature reserve) within Germany's Federal Nature Conservation Act (the Bundesnaturschutzgesetz or BNatSchG).
Although often translated as 'Nature Reserve' in English, the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN) refers to them as 'Nature Conservation Areas'. It meets the criteria of an IUCN Category IV – habitat or species management area.
Mursili
There were three Hittite kings called Mursili:

Mursili I, ca. 1556–1526 BCE (short chronology), and was likely a grandson of his predecessor, Hattusili I. His sister was Ḫarapšili and his wife was queen Kali.

Mursili II, (also spelled Mursilis II) was a king of the Hittite Empire (New kingdom) ca. 1321–1295 BC (short chronology).

Mursili III, also known as Urhi-Teshub, was a king of the Hittites who assumed the throne of the Hittite empire (New kingdom) at Tarhuntassa upon his father's death around 1272 BCE. He was a cousin of Tudhaliya IV and Queen Maathorneferure.

Muršili III
Muršili III, also known as Urhi-Teshub, was a king of the Hittites who assumed the throne of the Hittite empire (New Kingdom) at Tarhuntassa upon his father's death. He was a cousin of Tudhaliya IV and Queen Maathorneferure. He ruled ca. 1282–1275 BC (middle chronology) or 1272–1265 BC (short chronology).
Fosterøyane
Fosterøyane is a group of islands in Hinlopen Strait, Svalbard. They are located in the middle of Hinlopenstretet, north of Vaigattøyane and east of Tommeløyane. Fosterøyane are named after Arctic traveler Henry Foster. Among the islands in the group are Krylen, Pilten and Sværingen.

Vaigattøyane
Vaigattøyane is a group of islands in Hinlopen Strait, between Spitsbergen and Nordaustlandet of the Svalbard archipelago. The island group is named after Waygat, a previous name of Hinlopenstretet.

The largest island of the group is Wahlbergøya, while other islands are Von Otterøya, Nyströmøya and Berggrenøya.
Arithmetic group
In mathematics, an arithmetic group is a group obtained as the integer points of an algebraic group, for example  They arise naturally in the study of arithmetic properties of quadratic forms and other classical topics in number theory. They also give rise to very interesting examples of Riemannian manifolds and hence are objects of interest in differential geometry and topology. Finally, these two topics join in the theory of automorphic forms which is fundamental in modern number theory.

Quaternion algebra
In mathematics, a quaternion algebra over a field F is a central simple algebra A over F that has dimension 4 over F. Every quaternion algebra becomes a matrix algebra by extending scalars (equivalently, tensoring with a field extension), i.e. for a suitable field extension K of F,  is isomorphic to the 2 × 2 matrix algebra over K.

The notion of a quaternion algebra can be seen as a generalization of Hamilton's quaternions to an arbitrary base field. The Hamilton quaternions are a quaternion algebra (in the above sense) over , and indeed the only one over  apart from the 2 × 2 real matrix algebra, up to isomorphism. When , then the biquaternions form the quaternion algebra over F.
Tata Swach
The Tata Swach is a water purifier developed by Tata Chemicals, a part of the Tata group in India. Swach was designed as a low-cost purifier for Indian low-income groups, who lack access to safe drinking water. The product is sold in three variants as Tata Swach, Tata Swach Smart and Tata Swach Smart Magic.

Tata Chemicals
Tata Chemicals Limited is an Indian multinational corporation with interests in chemicals, crop protection and specialty chemistry products. The company is headquartered in Mumbai and has operations across India, Europe, North America and Africa. Tata Chemicals is a part of the Tata Group and its shares are traded on the NSE and BSE. Tata Chemicals has a publicly listed subsidiary called Rallis India.
USCGC Willow (WLB-202)
The  USCGC Willow (WLB-202) is a United States Coast Guard seagoing buoy tender, the third of her name and the second of the Juniper-class. She is home-ported in Charleston, South Carolina, where she replaced her sister ship USCGC Oak in servicing 257 aids to navigation in District 7. Willow's area of operations stretches from South Carolina down to Caribbean, including Puerto Rico, Cuba, U.S. Virgin Islands and Haiti. In addition to her primary aids-to-navigation (ATON) role, Willow also performs other duties, such as maritime border security, marine environmental protection, maritime law enforcement, and search and rescue. The Willow transitioned from her former home port of Newport, RI in 2017 after spending over a year in a Baltimore dry dock being refitted and modernized.

Navigational aid
A navigational aid (NAVAID), also known as aid to navigation (ATON), is any sort of signal, markers or guidance equipment which aids the traveller in navigation, usually nautical or aviation travel.  Common types of such aids include lighthouses, buoys, fog signals, and day beacons.
Neopanax
Neopanax is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araliaceae, native to New Zealand, including the Kermadec Islands. It is a clade within the genus Pseudopanax, and some authorities consider it to be a synonym of Pseudopanax.

Araliaceae
The Araliaceae are a family of flowering plants composed of about 43 genera and around 1500 species consisting of primarily woody plants and some herbaceous plants commonly called the ivy or ginseng family. The morphology of Araliaceae varies widely, but it is predominantly distinguishable based on its woody habit, tropical distribution, and the presence of simple umbels.

There are numerous plants of economic importance. Some genera, such as Hedera (the ivies), Fatsia (Japanese aralias) and Heptapleurum (formerly Schefflera, the umbrella trees), are used as ornamental foliage plants. The family also includes Panax ginseng, the root of which is ginseng, used in traditional Chinese medicine.
Automatic trip
An automatic trip is an action performed by some system, usually a safety instrumented system, programmable logic controller, or distributed control system, to put an industrial process into a safe state.  It is triggered by some parameter going into a pre-determined unsafe state.  It is usually preceded by an alarm to give a process operator a chance to correct the condition to prevent the trip, since trips are usually costly because of lost production.

Safety instrumented system
In functional safety, a safety instrumented system (SIS) is an engineered set of hardware and software controls which provides a protection layer that shuts down a chemical, nuclear, electrical, or mechanical system, or part of it, if a hazardous condition is detected. It relates to the prevention of major accidents, and not occupational safety issues.
11066 Sigurd
11066 Sigurd (provisional designation 1992 CC1) is a stony contact binary asteroid classified as near-Earth object of the Apollo group of asteroids, approximately 2.5 kilometers in diameter.

It was discovered on 9 February 1992 by American astronomer couple Carolyn and Eugene Shoemaker at Palomar Observatory, California, and named after Sigurd, a hero from Norse mythology.

Carolyn S. Shoemaker
Carolyn Jean Spellmann Shoemaker (June 24, 1929 – August 13, 2021) was an American astronomer and a co-discoverer of Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9. She discovered 32 comets (then a record for the most by an individual) and more than 500 asteroids.

Having earned degrees in history, political science, and English literature, she had little interest in planetary science until she met and married geologist Eugene Merle Shoemaker. Her career in astronomy began when she demonstrated good stereoscopic vision, a particularly valuable quality for looking for objects in near-Earth space. Despite the fact that her degrees were not in science, having that visual ability motivated the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) to hire her as a research assistant on a team led by her husband. She went on to making record-setting discoveries in the field of astronomy, as well as being awarded honorary degrees and many professional awards.
UI GreenMetric
The UI GreenMetric is an annual international ranking of the sustainability performance of universities. Universities are given a score reflecting their efforts in reducing the ecological footprint of the university and sustainability education and research. The ranking was launched in 2010 by the University of Indonesia to promote sustainability in higher education institutions and allow comparisons between them. Since then, the number of participants has grown and the methodology has been refined based on feedback from participating universities.

University of Indonesia
The University of Indonesia (UI; Indonesian: Universitas Indonesia) is a public university in Depok, West Java and Salemba, Jakarta, Indonesia. It is one of the oldest tertiary-level educational institutions in Indonesia (known as the Dutch East Indies when UI was established), and is generally considered one of the most prestigious universities in Indonesia, along with the Gadjah Mada University and Bandung Institute of Technology. In the 2024 QS World Universities Ranking, UI is ranked 1st in Indonesia, 49th in Asia and 237th in the world.
Jinhae Line
The Jinhae Line is a branch railway of the Gyeongjeon Line connecting the regions of Changwon to Jinhae inside Changwon City. It was named after the Port of Jinhae, as it was constructed to link the Gyeongbu Line and the Gyeongjeon Line with its emerging port facilities. The route is approximately 21.2 km long, and the track gauge is 1,435 mm (standard gauge). There are 7 stations, with the electrified section from Changwon Station to Sinchangwon Station spanning 4.8 km, managed by the Korea Railroad Corporation. There are no double-track sections, and the line is equipped with an Automatic Train Stop (ATS) system for safety.

Gyeongbu Line
The Gyeongbu line (Gyeongbuseon) is a railway line in South Korea and is considered to be the most important and one of the oldest in the country. It was constructed in 1905, connecting Seoul with Busan via Suwon, Daejeon, and Daegu. It is by far the most heavily travelled rail line in South Korea.

All types of high-speed, express, local, and freight trains provide frequent service along its entire length.
Blue Steel (missile)
The Avro Blue Steel was a British air-launched, rocket-propelled nuclear armed standoff missile, built to arm the V bomber force. It allowed the bomber to launch the missile against its target while still outside the range of surface-to-air missiles (SAMs). The missile proceeded to the target at speeds up to Mach 3, and would trigger within 100 m of the pre-defined target point.

Blue Steel entered service in 1963, by which point improved SAMs with longer range had greatly eroded the advantages of the design. A longer-range version, Blue Steel II, was considered, but cancelled in favour of the much longer-range GAM-87 Skybolt system from the US. When development of that system was cancelled in 1962, the V-bomber fleet was considered highly vulnerable. Blue Steel remained the primary British nuclear deterrent weapon until the Royal Navy started operating Polaris ballistic missiles from Resolution-class submarines.

Inertial navigation system
An inertial navigation system (INS; also inertial guidance system, inertial instrument) is a navigation device that uses motion sensors (accelerometers), rotation sensors (gyroscopes) and a computer to continuously calculate by dead reckoning the position, the orientation, and the velocity (direction and speed of movement) of a moving object without the need for external references. Often the inertial sensors are supplemented by a barometric altimeter and sometimes by magnetic sensors (magnetometers) and/or speed measuring devices. INSs are used on mobile robots and on vehicles such as ships, aircraft, submarines, guided missiles, and spacecraft. Older INS systems generally used an inertial platform as their mounting point to the vehicle and the terms are sometimes considered synonymous.
KUPK
KUPK (channel 13) is a television station licensed to Garden City, Kansas, United States, affiliated with ABC and owned by Lockwood Broadcast Group. The station's news bureau and advertising sales office are located on East Schulman Avenue in Garden City, and its transmitter is located near Copeland, Kansas.

KUPK is part of the KAKEland Television Network (KTN), a regional network of eight stations (three full-power, two low-power, two translators and one digital replacement translator) that relay programming from Wichita ABC affiliate KAKE (channel 10) across central and western Kansas; KUPK incorporates local advertising and news inserts aimed at areas of southwestern Kansas within the Wichita–Hutchinson Plus television market, as well as portions of the Oklahoma Panhandle within the Amarillo market.

Lockwood Broadcast Group
Lockwood Broadcast Group is a television broadcasting company that owns stations in several markets. The company's main offices are located in Richmond, Virginia, with operational headquarters in Hampton, Virginia.
Thompson Springs, Utah
Thompson Springs, also officially known for a time as just Thompson, is a small census-designated place in central Grand County, Utah, United States. The population was 39 at the 2010 census. The town is just north of the east–west highway route shared by Interstate 70, U.S. Route 6 and U.S. Route 50, between Crescent Junction and Cisco. Moab, the county seat, is 37 miles (60 km) to the south. Thompson Springs is located in high desert country with the Book Cliffs just to the north.

Fremont culture
The Fremont culture or Fremont people is a pre-Columbian archaeological culture named after the Fremont River in Utah, where the culture's sites were discovered by local indigenous peoples like the Navajo and Ute. In Navajo culture, the pictographs are credited to people who lived before the flood. The Fremont River itself is named for American explorer John C. Frémont. It inhabited sites in what is now Utah and parts of Nevada, Idaho, Wyoming and Colorado from AD 1 to 1301 (2,000–700 years ago). It was adjacent to, roughly contemporaneous with, but distinctly different from the Ancestral Pueblo peoples located to their south.