hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nanomaterials
Nanomaterials describe, in principle, chemical substances or materials of which a single unit is sized (in at least one dimension) between 1 and 100 nm (the usual definition of nanoscale).

Nanomaterials research takes a materials science-based approach to nanotechnology, leveraging advances in materials metrology and synthesis which have been developed in support of microfabrication research. Materials with structure at the nanoscale often have unique optical, electronic, thermo-physical or mechanical properties.

Nanomaterials are slowly becoming commercialized and beginning to emerge as commodities.

Flocculation
In colloidal chemistry, flocculation is a process by which colloidal particles come out of suspension to sediment in the form of  floc or flake, either spontaneously or due to the addition of a clarifying agent. The action differs from precipitation in that, prior to flocculation, colloids are merely suspended, under the form of a stable dispersion (where the internal phase (solid) is dispersed throughout the external phase (fluid) through mechanical agitation) and are not truly dissolved in solution.

Coagulation and flocculation are important processes in fermentation and water treatment with coagulation aimed to destabilize and aggregate particles through chemical interactions between the coagulant and colloids, and flocculation to sediment the destabilized particles by causing their aggregation into floc.
Yusafpur Allewal
Yusafpur Allewal is a village in Nakodar in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 31 kilometres (19 mi) from Nakodar, 39 kilometres (24 mi) from Kapurthala, 52 kilometres (32 mi) from district headquarter Jalandhar and 194 kilometres (121 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per Panchayati raj (India).

Nakodar
Nakodar is a town and a municipal council in Jalandhar district in the Indian state of Punjab.

The city is almost 365 km from Delhi, 25 km from Jalandhar, 49 km from Ludhiana, and about 101 km from Amritsar. Surrounding villages include Chak Mughlani, Maheru, Allowal, Mehatpur (Haripur) (Bhullar) Nawan Pind Jattan, Heran, Bir Pind, (Aulakh), Shankar, Nur Pur Chatha, Sarih, Malri, Khanpur Dhadda, Uggi, and Malhian Kalan.

The town is well paved and currently forms a Tehsil of District Jalandhar. Outside the town, there are two large tombs dating from the times of Emperor Jahangir, later one of them is said to be the burial place of the adviser of Emperor Shah Jahan, but it is not known who stand buried in the earlier tomb.
Mercenaries in the Angolan Civil War
Mercenaries in Angola (Portuguese: Mercenários em Angola) are foreigners who participated in the Angolan Civil War on the side of the MPLA or the rebels, but were not personnel military of the interventionist states. Initially, the hired specialists were dominated by immigrants from western countries and "first world" states, such as the United States, UK, Ireland, France, Portugal, South Africa and Brazil. In the 1990s, they were displaced by natives of the former Soviet Republics, mainly Russians and Ukrainians.

Executive Outcomes
Executive Outcomes is a private military company (PMC) founded in South Africa in 1989 by Eeben Barlow, a former lieutenant-colonel of the South African Defence Force. It later became part of the South African-based holding company Strategic Resource Corporation. The company was reestablished in 2020.
September 1931 lunar eclipse
A total lunar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit on Saturday, September 26, 1931, with an umbral magnitude of 1.3208. It was a central lunar eclipse, in which part of the Moon passed through the center of the Earth's shadow. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A total lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon's near side entirely passes into the Earth's umbral shadow. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. A total lunar eclipse can last up to nearly two hours, while a total solar eclipse lasts only a few minutes at any given place, because the Moon's shadow is smaller. Occurring only about 8 hours before apogee (on September 27, 1931, at 3:40 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller.

This was the last central lunar eclipse of Lunar Saros 126.

Earth's shadow
Earth's shadow (or Earth shadow) is the shadow that Earth itself casts through its atmosphere and into outer space, toward the antisolar point. During the twilight period (both early dusk and late dawn), the shadow's visible fringe —sometimes called the dark segment or twilight wedge—appears as a dark and diffuse band just above the horizon, most distinct when the sky is clear.

Since the angular diameters of the Sun and the Moon as viewed from Earth's surface are almost the same, the ratio of the length of Earth's shadow to the distance between Earth and the Moon will be almost equal to the ratio of the diameters of Earth and the Moon.

Since Earth's diameter is 3.7 times the Moon's, the length of the planet's umbra is correspondingly 3.7 times the average distance from the Moon to Earth: about 1.4 million km (870,000 mi). The diameter of Earth's shadow at lunar distance is about 9,000 km (5,600 mi), or 2.6 lunar diameters, which allows observation of total lunar eclipses from Earth.
Door breaching
Door breaching is a process used by military, police, or emergency services to force open closed or locked doors. A wide range of methods are available depending on the door's opening direction (inward or outward), construction materials, etc., and one or more of these methods may be used in any given situation. In the United States, residential doors typically open inward while commercial building doors usually open outward. Some breaching methods require specialized equipment and can be categorized as one of the following: mechanical breaching, ballistic breaching, hydraulic breaching, explosive breaching, or thermal breaching.

Hydraulic rescue tool
Hydraulic rescue tools, also known as jaws of life, are used by emergency rescue personnel to assist in the extrication of victims involved in a traffic collision or railway accidents and cutting large-sized debris of mild metal structures into smaller pieces for extraction of injured/dead victims out from building rubble in earthquake-raged areas, as well as other rescues in small spaces. These tools include cutters, spreaders, and rams. Such devices were first used in 1963 as a tool to free race car drivers from their vehicles after crashes.
Missouri Route 14
Route 14 is a state highway traveling through the southern part of the U.S. state of Missouri. Its western terminus is at U.S. Route 60 (US 60) in Marionville, and its eastern terminus is at US 63 on the northern edge of West Plains. Route 14 is a two-lane highway for its entire length, however, there are plans to widen Route 14 in some spots.

Formerly this road's western terminus was at US 71 in Joplin, and its eastern terminus was at US 67 southwest of Poplar Bluff. These sections are now US 160, Route 174, and Interstate 44 (I-44). The section between Mount Vernon and the southeast corner of Douglas County was Route 40 from 1922 to 1926.

Interstate 44 in Missouri
Interstate 44 (I-44) in the US state of Missouri runs northeast from the Oklahoma state line near Joplin to I-70 in Downtown St. Louis. It runs for about 293 miles (472 km) in the state, and is the longest Interstate Highway in the state.
Piyangala Aranya Senasanaya
Piyangala Aranya Senasanaya or Piyangala Forest Hermitage (Sinhalaː පියංගල ආරණ්‍ය සේනාසනය) is an ancient Buddhist temple in Ampara, Sri Lanka. The temple lies on the Ampara – Mahaoya main road, approximately 27 km (17 mi) away from the town of Ampara. The temple has been formally recognised by the Government as an archaeological site in Sri Lanka.

Ampara
Ampara (Sinhala: අම්පාර, Tamil: அம்பாறை) is the main town of Ampara District, governed by an Urban Council.

It is located in the Eastern Province, Sri Lanka, about 360 km (224 mi) east of Colombo and approximately 60 km (37 mi) south of Batticaloa.
James Durcan
James Durcan is a Gaelic footballer for the Mayo senior team, who also plays club football for Castlebar Mitchels. Along with his twin brother Paddy, Durcan has appeared in both the 2014 All-Ireland Club SFC final and the 2016 All-Ireland Club SFC final with his club Castlebar Mitchels.

Durcan started his first senior game for the Mayo against Limerick in the 2018 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship and scored a goal against Tipperary, when he had originally intended his effort to score a point.

He got married in December 2024.

Paddy Durcan
Paddy Durcan (born 1994), otherwise known as Captain Durcs, is a Gaelic footballer who plays for Castlebar Mitchels and at senior level for the Mayo county team.

Durcan started at left half-back in the 2016 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship final and again in the 2017 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship final, both against Dublin.

With his club Castlebar Mitchels, Durcan played in both the 2013–14 and the 2015–16 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship.
Incognito Tour
Incognito Tour was the third concert tour by the Canadian singer Celine Dion, who embarked on it to support her eighth studio album, Incognito (1987). The tour began on 11 January 1988 in Rouyn-Noranda, Canada, and concluded on 11 July 1989, in Quebec City, Canada. It encompassed over 80 shows and visited 27 cities in the provinces of Quebec and Ontario in Canada. A special date was held in Lausanne, Switzerland during the Eurovision Song Contest 1989 week.

Starmania (musical)
Starmania is a Canadian-French rock opera written in 1976 with music by Michel Berger and book and lyrics by Luc Plamondon.

It debuted in 1978 with a studio recording of the songs, before premiering on stage in 1979.

An English-language studio version was also produced in 1992, with lyrics by Sir Tim Rice. Several stage revivals have been produced in France, Quebec and Germany, each with their distinctive styles.

Several of its songs have passed into mainstream Francophone pop culture, and helped original cast members Daniel Balavoine and Diane Dufresne to rise in popularity in France; it is now considered the most famous rock opera in French history.
Calw (electoral district)
Calw is an electoral constituency (German: Wahlkreis) represented in the Bundestag. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the current constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 280. It is located in western Baden-Württemberg, comprising the districts of Calw and Freudenstadt.

Calw was created for the inaugural 1949 federal election. Since 2021, it has been represented by Klaus Mack of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU).

Freudenstadt (district)
Freudenstadt is a Landkreis (district) in the middle of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from north clockwise) Rastatt, Calw, Tübingen, Zollernalbkreis, Rottweil and the Ortenaukreis.
NGC 3987
NGC 3987 is a spiral galaxy in the constellation of Leo. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 4,810±10 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 231.4 ± 16.2 Mly (70.94 ± 4.98 Mpc). However, 23 non-redshift measurements give a closer distance of 196.49 ± 4.62 Mly (60.243 ± 1.415 Mpc). It was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel on 6 April 1785.

NGC 3987 has an active galactic nucleus, i.e. it has a compact region at the center of a galaxy that emits a significant amount of energy across the electromagnetic spectrum, with characteristics indicating that this luminosity is not produced by the stars. In addition, it is a LINER galaxy, i.e. a galaxy whose nucleus has an emission spectrum characterized by broad lines of weakly ionized atoms.

Leo (constellation)
Leo /ˈliːoʊ/ is one of the constellations of the zodiac, between Cancer, the Crab, to the west and Virgo, the Maiden, to the east. It is located in the Northern celestial hemisphere. Its name is Latin for lion, and to the ancient Greeks represented the Nemean Lion killed by the mythical Greek hero Heracles as one of his twelve labors. Its old astronomical symbol is  (♌︎). One of the 48 constellations described by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, Leo remains one of the 88 modern constellations today, and one of the most easily recognizable due to its many bright stars and a distinctive shape that is reminiscent of the crouching lion it depicts.
James Elliott Coyne
James Elliott Coyne OM (July 17, 1910 – October 12, 2012) was a Canadian economist who served as the second governor of the Bank of Canada, from 1955 to 1961, succeeding Graham Towers. During his time in office, he had a much-publicized debate with Prime Minister John Diefenbaker, a debate often referred to as the "Coyne Affair" (or sometimes the "Coyne Crisis"), which led to his resignation and, eventually, to greater central-bank independence in Canada.

Governor of the Bank of Canada
The governor of the Bank of Canada (French: gouverneur de la Banque du Canada) is the chief executive officer of the Bank of Canada and acts as chair of its board of directors. The Bank of Canada Act, 1985, S. 6(1), provides that the governor and deputy governor shall be appointed by the directors with the approval of the Governor-General-in-Council.

Tiff Macklem serves as the current governor. He assumed office on June 3, 2020.
Naeem Akhtar Afghan
Naeem Akhtar Afghan (born 29 June 1963) is a Pakistani jurist who served as the Justice of the Balochistan High Court since 12 May 2011, until his elevation to the Supreme Court of Pakistan in 2024. He served as Chief Justice of the Balochistan High Court.

Balochistan High Court
The Balochistan High Court (Urdu: عدالتِ عالیہ بلوچستان) is the highest judicial institution of Balochistan, Pakistan. The court is formally known as the High Court of Balochistan. It is situated in the provincial capital, Quetta.

Mir Ali Dost Bugti was the first judge of the Balochistan High Court. Justice Muhammad Kamran Khan Malakhail is the current Chief Justice, having taken charge on 6 June 2025.
Old Erie Canal State Historic Park
The Old Erie Canal State Historic Park encompasses a 36-mile (58 km) linear segment of the original Erie Canal's Long Level section. It extends westward from Butternut Creek in the town of DeWitt, just east of Syracuse, to the outskirts of Rome, New York. The park includes restored segments of the canal's waterway and towpath which were in active use between 1825 and 1917. It is part of the New York State Park system.

Fayetteville, New York
Fayetteville is a village located in Onondaga County, New York, United States. As of the 2020 U.S. census, the population was 4,225. The village is named after the Marquis de Lafayette, a national hero of both France and the United States. It is part of the Syracuse metropolitan area.

Fayetteville is located in the town of Manlius and is an eastern suburb of Syracuse.
Vivaceta metro station
Vivaceta is an underground metro station of Line 3 of the Santiago Metro network, in Santiago, Chile. It is an underground, between the Cardenal Caro and Conchalí stations on Line 3. It is located at the intersection of Independencia Avenue with Paisaje Vecinal. The station was opened on 22 January 2019 as part of the inaugural section of the line, from Los Libertadores to Fernando Castillo Velasco.

Santiago Metro Line 3
Line 3 is a rapid transit line of the Santiago Metro. Traveling from La Reina in the east towards the center, and Quilicura in the North, Line 3 was originally intended to open in the late 1980s, but the 1985 Algarrobo Earthquake hampered its construction, and a subsequent urban explosion in Puente Alto and Maipú (in the far southeast and mid-southwest respectively) further put its construction on hold, until in the early 2010s construction started. The first phase of the project includes 18 stations, which were completed and opened to the public on 22 January 2019 at a cost of US$1.79 billion. The second phase, composed of a three-station extension towards the main square of Quilicura, which was inaugurated on September 25, 2023 with a total project cost of US$378 million. Its distinctive color on the network line map is chocolate brown.
Brebbia
Brebbia is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Varese in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northwest of Milan and about 14 kilometres (9 mi) west of Varese.

Brebbia borders the following municipalities: Besozzo, Ispra, Malgesso, Travedona-Monate and Cadrezzate.

The main church is St. Peter and Paul Church, Brebbia. It is located in the centre of the town.

Varese
Varese (UK: /vəˈreɪzeɪ, -zi/ və-RAY-zay, -⁠zee, US: /vɑːˈreɪseɪ/ var-AY-say; Italian: [vaˈreːze] ⓘ or [vaˈreːse]; Varesino: Varés [ʋaˈreːs]; Latin: Baretium; archaic German: Väris) is a city and comune in north-western Lombardy, northern Italy, 55 km (34 mi) north-west of Milan. The population of Varese in 2018 was 80,559.

It is the capital of the Province of Varese. The hinterland or exurban part of the city is called Varesotto.
Cacimba de Dentro
Cacimba de Dentro is a municipality in the state of Paraíba in northeastern Brazil. It is located in the mesoregion of Agreste Paraibano and the microregion of Western Curimataú, 160 km from the state capital, João Pessoa.

João Pessoa, Paraíba
João Pessoa (/ˈʒwaʊn pəˈsoʊə/ ZHWOWN pə-SOH-ə; Portuguese pronunciation: [ʒuˈɐ̃w peˈsoɐ]) is a port city in northeastern Brazil. It is the largest city and capital of the state of Paraíba, with an estimated population of 888,679 (as of 2024). It is located on the right bank of the Paraíba do Norte river.

The new "Estação Ciência, Cultura e Artes" (Science, Culture and Art Station), located at the most eastern point of the Americas (Ponta do Seixas), is an educational and cultural institution as well as a national landmark. The complex, inaugurated in 2008, was created by Brazilian architect Oscar Niemeyer and is one of his final projects.

The capital of Paraíba received the title of Creative City by UNESCO in 2017, appointing João Pessoa as "Brazilian city of handicrafts".
Television special
A television special (often TV special, or rarely television spectacular) is a standalone television show that may also temporarily interrupt episodic programming normally scheduled for a given time slot. Some specials provide a full range of entertainment and informational value available via the television medium (news, drama, comedy, variety, cultural), in various formats (live television, documentary, studio production, animation, film), and in any viewing lengths (short films, feature films, miniseries, telethons).

Television studio
A television studio, also called a television production studio, is an installation room in which video productions take place, either for the production of live television and its recording onto video tape or other media such as SSDs, or for the acquisition of raw footage for post-production. The design of a studio is similar to, and derived from, movie studios, with a few amendments for the special requirements of television production. A professional television studio generally has several rooms, which are kept separate for noise and practicality reasons. These rooms are connected via 'talkback' or an intercom, and personnel will be divided among these workplaces.
1918 Georgia Tech Golden Tornado football team
The 1918 Georgia Tech Golden Tornado football team represented the Georgia Institute of Technology during the 1918 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season. The Tornado was coached by John Heisman in his 15th year as head coach, compiling a record of 6–1 (3–0 SIAA) and outscoring opponents 466 to 32. Georgia Tech played its home games at Grant Field.

Tech eclipsed 100 points three different times. Its only road game was its only loss to national champion Pittsburgh at Forbes Field. Pittsburgh was the only team to score on Tech during the 1918 season. The defeat ended Georgia Tech's 33-game winning streak.

Center Bum Day was recognized as a consensus first-team All-American. He was a first-team selection by Walter Camp; the first Southerner to be chosen for Camp's  All-America first team. Bill Fincher and Joe Guyon also made consensus All-America. Fincher and Buck Flowers made Camp's second-team.

Bobby Dodd Stadium
Bobby Dodd Stadium, commonly known as Bobby Dodd or The Flats   is the football stadium located at the corner of North Avenue at Techwood Drive on the campus of the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta. It has been home to the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team, often referred to as the "Ramblin' Wreck", in rudimentary form since 1905 and as a complete stadium since 1913. The team participates in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference. It is the oldest stadium in the FBS and has been the site of more home wins than any other FBS stadium.
Michael Gibbs (priest)
Michael McCausland Gibbs (1 September 1900 – 27 July 1962) was an eminent Anglican clergyman in the third quarter of the 20th century.

Gibbs was the son of Rev. Reginald Gibbs, Vicar of Clifton Hampden, and his wife, Laura McCausland of Drenagh. He was educated at Lancing and Keble College, Oxford. His grandfather, Rev. John Lomax Gibbs, was a younger brother of Hucks Gibbs, 1st Baron Aldenham.

Gibbs was ordained in 1926 and began as curate at St. Mary's Church, Putney. He moved to Rhodesia where he was Chaplain to Edward Paget, Bishop of Southern Rhodesia, then Rector of Bulawayo and finally the Archdeacon of Matabeleland.

Moving to South Africa, he was then Rector of St Saviour, Claremont, Cape Town, and after that Dean of Cape Town. He returned to England in 1954 and was Dean of Chester until his death.

Lancing College
Lancing College is a public school (English private boarding and day school) for pupils aged 13–18. The school is located in West Sussex, east of Worthing in the parish of Lancing, on the south coast of England. Lancing College was founded in 1848 by Nathaniel Woodard and educates c. 600 pupils between the ages of 13 and 18; the co-educational ratio is c. 60:40 boys to girls. Girls were admitted beginning in 1971. There are five male houses (Gibbs', School, Teme, Head's, Second's) and four female houses (Field's, Sankey's, Manor, Handford). The first mixed house, Saints' House, was established in September 2018, bringing the total number of Houses to 10.
Thonny
Thonny (/ˈθɒni/ THON-ee) is a free and open-source integrated development environment for Python that is designed for beginners. It was created by Aivar Annamaa, an Estonian programmer. It supports different ways of stepping through code, step-by-step expression evaluation, detailed visualization of the call stack and a mode for explaining the concepts of references and heap.

Pip (package manager)
pip (also known by Python 3's alias pip3) is a package manager (package management system) written in Python and is used to install and manage software packages. The Python Software Foundation recommends using pip to install Python applications and its dependencies during deployment. Pip connects to an online software repository of public packages, named the Python Package Index (PyPI). Pip can be configured to connect to other package repositories (local or remote), provided that they comply to Python Enhancement Proposal 503.

Most distributions of Python come with pip preinstalled. Python 2.7.9 and later (on the python2 series), and Python 3.4 and later include pip by default.