hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Metallum Martis
Metallum Martis is a 1665 book by the English metallurgist Dud Dudley. It is the earliest known reference to the use of coal in metallurgical smelting. The book is also referred to as Iron made with Pit-Coale, Sea-Coale, &c. And with the same Fuell to Melt and Fine Imperfect Mettals, And Refine perfect Mettals.

Dudley provides a geological map of Dudley Castle where he correctly identifies the order and geographic layout of the strata of coal and ironstone under survey. It is one of the earliest recorded geological maps.

The book explains that both Oliver Cromwell and Charles II of England supported attempts to smelt iron with coal. In 1660, Dudley himself applied to Charles II for a patent, claiming that he could perfect the mastery of making iron with pit-coal or sea-coal.

Ironstone
Ironstone is a sedimentary rock, either deposited directly as a ferruginous sediment or created by chemical replacement, that contains a substantial proportion of an iron ore compound from which iron (Fe) can be smelted commercially.

Not to be confused with native or telluric iron, which is very rare and found in metallic form, the term ironstone is customarily restricted to hard, coarsely banded, non-banded, and non-cherty sedimentary rocks of post-Precambrian age. The Precambrian deposits, which have a different origin, are generally known as banded iron formations. The iron minerals comprising ironstones can consist either of oxides, i.e. limonite, hematite, and magnetite; carbonates, i.e. siderite; silicates, i.e. chamosite; or some combination of these minerals.
Nepenthes beccariana
Nepenthes beccariana /nɪˈpɛnθiːz bɛˌkæriˈɑːnə/ is a tropical pitcher plant. The species was described in 1908 by John Muirhead Macfarlane based on a specimen collected from the island of Nias, which lies off the western coast of Sumatra. It appears to be closely related to both N. longifolia and N. sumatrana, and the former is possibly a heterotypic synonym of this taxon.

Nias
Nias (/ˈniːəs/
NEE-əss; Indonesian: Pulau Nias [puˈlau ˈnias], Nias: Tanö Niha [ˈtanə ˈniha]) is an island located off the western coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. Nias is also the name of the archipelago (Kepulauan Nias) of which the island is the centre, but also includes the Batu Islands to the southeast and the small Hinako Islands to the west.
Phyllis Preuss
Phyllis Ann "Tish" Preuss (February 9, 1939 – July 27, 2024) was an American amateur golfer. She was runner-up to Anne Quast at the 1961 U.S. Women's Amateur and earned a medal for the lowest round at the 1967 Amateur.

Preuss was born in Detroit, Michigan.

In 1964, Preuss won the North and South Women's Amateur at Pinehurst Resort then captured the prestigious event a second time in 1967. She won the 1965 and 1968 Women's Southern Amateur and the 1967 Women's Eastern Amateur. She was the low amateur at the 1968 and 1969 U.S. Women's Open and was a member of the United States team at the Curtis Cup in 1962, 1964, 1966, 1968, and 1970.

In 1991, Preuss won the U.S. Senior Women's Amateur at Pine Needles Lodge & Golf Club in Southern Pines, North Carolina. On the second day of the Championship she fired a 67, the lowest 18-hole score in its history.

Curtis Cup
The Curtis Cup is the best known team trophy for women amateur golfers, awarded in the biennial Curtis Cup Match. It is co-organised by the United States Golf Association and The R&A and is contested by teams representing the United States and "Great Britain and Ireland". The same two teams originally contested the Ryder Cup, but unlike that competition, the Curtis Cup has not widened the Great Britain and Ireland team to include all Europeans (nor has the analogous event for amateur men, the Walker Cup). Many women who have gone on to become stars of women's professional golf have played in the Curtis Cup.
Deer Creek (Blanchard River tributary)
Deer Creek is a stream in Putnam County, Ohio. The 2.4-mile (3.9 km) long stream is a tributary of Blanchard River.

Deer Creek was named for the fact this stream was a favorite hunting ground of deer.

Blanchard River
The Blanchard River is a 103-mile-long (166 km) tributary of the Auglaize River in northwestern Ohio in the United States. It drains a primarily rural farming area in the watershed of Lake Erie. Much of the length of the river can be navigated by canoe.

It rises in central Hardin County, on the northern outskirts of Kenton. It flows generally north for its first 25 miles (40 km) into eastern Hancock County, where it turns sharply to the west. It flows west through Findlay and past Ottawa. It joins the Auglaize from the east in western Putnam County approximately 2 miles (3 km) north of Cloverdale at 41°02′29″N 84°17′57″W﻿ / ﻿41.041483°N 84.299245°W﻿ / 41.041483; -84.299245.
Alan Cheuse
Alan Stuart Cheuse (January 23, 1940 – July 31, 2015) was an American writer, editor, professor of literature, and radio commentator. A longtime NPR book commentator, he was also the author of five novels, five collections of short stories and novellas, a memoir and a collection of travel essays. In addition, Cheuse was a regular contributor to All Things Considered. His short fiction appeared in respected publications like The New Yorker, Ploughshares, The Antioch Review, Prairie Schooner, among other places. He taught in the Writing Program at George Mason University and the Community of Writers.

The Antioch Review
The Antioch Review is an American literary magazine established in 1941 at Antioch College in Ohio. The magazine was published on a quarterly basis. One of the oldest continuously published literary magazines in the United States prior to it being put on hiatus by the college in 2020, it published fiction, essays, and poetry from both emerging and established authors.
Reni Maitua
Reni Maitua (born 11 June 1982) is a former professional rugby league footballer. An Australian and Samoan International representative player, he previously played for the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs, with whom he won the 2004 NRL Premiership. Maitua covered a number of positions, known for typically playing on an edge as a backrow forward (second row or lock) or centre, Maitua's skillset saw him play in the halves as well.

2004 NRL season
The 2004 NRL season (also known as the 2004 Telstra Premiership due to sponsorship from Telstra) was the 97th season of professional rugby league football in Australia, and the seventh run by the National Rugby League. Fifteen clubs competed during the regular season before the top eight finishing teams contested the finals series. The Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs defeated the Sydney Roosters in the 2004 NRL grand final and in doing so claimed their eighth premiership.
Reaction control system
A reaction control system (RCS) is a spacecraft system that uses thrusters to provide attitude control and translation. Alternatively, reaction wheels can be used for attitude control, rather than RCS. Use of diverted engine thrust to provide stable attitude control of a short-or-vertical takeoff and landing aircraft below conventional winged flight speeds, such as with the Harrier "jump jet", may also be referred to as a reaction control system.

Reaction control systems are capable of providing small amounts of thrust in any desired direction or combination of directions. An RCS is also capable of providing torque to allow control of rotation (roll, pitch, and yaw).

Reaction control systems often use combinations of large and small (vernier) thrusters, to allow different levels of response.

Torque
In physics and mechanics, torque is the rotational correspondent of linear force. It is also referred to as the moment of force, or simply the moment. Just as a linear force is a push or a pull applied to a body, a torque can be thought of as a twist applied to an object with respect to a chosen axis. For example, driving a screw uses torque to force it into an object. The torque is applied by the screwdriver, rotating around its axis, to the drive on the head of the screw.

Torque is generally referred to using different vocabulary depending on geographical location and field of study, with torque generally being associated with physics and moment being associated with engineering. This article follows the definition used in US physics in its usage of the word torque.

Torque is typically represented mathematically using  the lowercase Greek letter tau (). When being referred to as moment of force, it is commonly denoted by M.
Small nucleolar RNA Z43
In molecular biology, Small nucleolar RNA Z43 is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
snoRNA Z43 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
Plant snoRNA Z43 was identified in a screen of Oryza sativa.

Small nucleolar RNA
Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are a class of non-coding small RNA molecules in the nucleolus that primarily guide chemical modifications of other RNAs, mainly ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs and small nuclear RNAs. There are two main classes of snoRNA, the C/D box snoRNAs, which are associated with methylation, and the H/ACA box snoRNAs, which are associated with pseudouridylation.
SnoRNAs are commonly referred to as guide RNAs but should not be confused with the guide RNAs that direct RNA editing in trypanosomes or the guide RNAs (gRNAs) used by Cas9 for CRISPR gene editing.
Pan de Azúcar, Uruguay
Pan de Azúcar is a city in the southwest of the Maldonado Department in Uruguay. It takes its name from a nearby hill (Cerro Pan de Azúcar, actually located in the neighbouring municipality of Piriápolis), topped by a huge cross.

Pan de Azúcar is also the name of the municipality to which the city belongs. It includes the zones: Pan de Azúcar, Gerona, Kilómetro 110, Nueva Carrara, Puntas de Pan de Azúcar, Laguna del Sauce, Laguna de los Cisnes.

Maldonado Department
The Maldonado Department (Spanish: Departamento de Maldonado; pronounced [maldoˈnaðo]), with an area of 4,793 km2 (1,851 sq mi) and 212,951 inhabitants (2023), is located to the southeast of Uruguay. Its capital is Maldonado.
Reverse Cowgirl (South Park)
"Reverse Cowgirl" is the first episode of the sixteenth season of the American animated sitcom South Park, and the 224th episode of the series overall. It premiered on Comedy Central in the United States on March 14, 2012. In the episode, a nationwide catastrophe occurs after Clyde's mother is killed because Clyde forgot to put the toilet seat down.

The episode was written by series co-creator Trey Parker and is rated TV-MA L in the United States. It parodies both the gender-divided social etiquette regarding toilet seats (particularly how most women prefer to have their male spouse or child put down the toilet seat after they use it, to avoid becoming a victim of Toilet Misogyny), and the post-9/11 airport security measures imposed by the Transportation Security Administration. In this episode, Clyde's mother Betsy is instead voiced by Trey Parker rather than April Stewart.

Toilet seat
A toilet seat is a hinged unit consisting of a round or oval open seat, and usually a lid, which is bolted onto the bowl of a toilet used in a sitting position (as opposed to a squat toilet). The seat can be either for a flush toilet or a dry toilet. A toilet seat consists of the seat itself, which may be contoured for the user to sit on, and the lid, which covers the toilet when it is not in use – the lid may be absent in some cases, particularly in public restrooms.
Shiba River
The Shiba River (芝川, Shiba-kawa) is a tributary of the Arakawa River that mainly runs through the eastern part of Saitama Prefecture, Japan. The river has Suehiro (末広) and Kobari-ryōke (小針領家) in Okegawa, Saitama as points of origin and flows through Ageo, Minuma and Kawaguchi, and connects to the Arakawa River.

Arakawa River (Kantō)
The Arakawa River or Ara River (Japanese: 荒川, Hepburn: Arakawa; "kawa" (川) already means "river") is a 173-kilometre (107 mi) long river that flows through Saitama Prefecture and Tokyo. Its average flow in 2002 was 30 m3/s.

It originates on Mount Kobushi in Saitama Prefecture, and empties into Tokyo Bay. It has a total catchment area of 2,940 km2 (1,140 sq mi).

The river is one of Tokyo's major sources of tap water, and together with the Tone River, accounts for around 80% of Tokyo's water supply as of 2018. The Okubo water purification plant takes water from the river.
Paul Melotik
Paul D. Melotik (born February 27, 1957) is an American accountant, businessman, and Republican politician from Ozaukee County, Wisconsin.  He is a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing Wisconsin's 22nd Assembly district since 2025; he previously represented the 24th Assembly district from August 2023 to January 2025.  He also previously served as a member of the Ozaukee County Board of Supervisors, representing most of the town of Grafton.

Wisconsin's 24th Assembly district
The 24th Assembly district of Wisconsin is one of 99 districts in the Wisconsin State Assembly. Located in southeastern Wisconsin, the district comprises parts of southeast Washington County and northeast Waukesha County.  It includes the villages of Menomonee Falls and Lannon, and the southern half of the village of Germantown.  The district is represented by Republican Dan Knodl, since January 2025. Knodl previously was this district's representative from January 2009 to May 2023.

The 24th Assembly district is located within Wisconsin's 8th Senate district, along with the 22nd and 23rd Assembly districts.

Mill Pond Park in Menomonee Falls
Light of the World (Sing Hallelujah)
"Light of the World (Sing Hallelujah)" is a song by We the Kingdom that was released as a standalone single, on October 30, 2020. The song was written by Andrew Bergthold, Ed Cash, Franni Cash, Martin Cash, and Scott Cash.

"Light of the World (Sing Hallelujah)" peaked at No. 29 on the US Hot Christian Songs chart.

Ed Cash
Edmond Martin Cash (born August 6, 1971) is an American record producer, songwriter, audio engineer, and multi-instrumentalist. He has produced or written for artists including Steven Curtis Chapman, Dolly Parton, and Chris Tomlin.

From 2004 to 2007, Cash was named Producer of the Year at each GMA Dove Awards. He has won a Grammy Award from six nominations.
Jordan Hallam
Jordan Paul Hallam (born 6 October 1998) is an English professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Gainsborough Trinity on loan from Northern Premier League Division One Midlands club Basford United.

Basford United F.C.
Basford United Football Club is a football club based in Basford, a suburb of Nottingham, England. They are currently members of the Northern Premier League Division One Midlands and play at Greenwich Avenue.
Quayside 5K & 10K
The Quayside 5K & 10K, also known as the Quayside Run, is a biannual road running event held in Newcastle–Gateshead Quayside, England. The event has featured a 5K race since its establishment in 2014, with a 10K distance introduced in 2025.

The course follows an out-and-back route along the north bank of the River Tyne in Newcastle upon Tyne. It begins close to the Tyne Bridge, heads west along the river before looping back to finish near the starting area. The 10K course covers the same route twice.

Alongside the senior races, the programme includes a Junior Quayside 3K for under-13, under-15 and under-17 categories, and a 1K event for under-11s.

The Quayside Run is organised by RunThrough in partnership with Gateshead Harriers & Athletics Club. In 2024, Quayside 5K gained official recognition from World Athletics, marking its inclusion among certified international road races. Chronicle Live has described it as "one of the region's most competitive and scenic 5K races".

River Tyne
The River Tyne /ˈtaɪn/ ⓘ is a river in North East England. Its length (excluding tributaries) is 73 miles (118 km). It is formed by the North Tyne and the South Tyne, which converge at Warden near Hexham in Northumberland at a place dubbed 'The Meeting of the Waters'.

The Tyne Rivers Trust measure the whole Tyne catchment as 2,936 km2 (1,134 square miles), containing 4,399 km (2,733 miles) of waterways.
Eugenia Grandet (1953 film)
Eugenia Grandet is a 1953 Mexican drama film directed by Emilio Gómez Muriel and starring Marga López, Julio Villarreal and Andrea Palma. It is based on the 1833 French novel Eugénie Grandet by Honoré de Balzac with the setting shifted from nineteenth century France to mid-twentieth century Mexico. It was shot at the Tepeyac Studios in Mexico City. The film's sets were designed by the art director Francisco Marco Chillet.

Julio Villarreal
Julio Villarreal (7 November 1885 – 4 August 1958) was a Spanish actor who later settled and worked in Mexico. He also directed two films in the early 1930s.

Born as Julio Crochet i Martínez Villarreal in Madrid to a family of theater actors, he moved to Argentina and Perú in 1900, then returned to Spain in 1921. After the Spanish Civil War, Julio moved to the United States and in 1932 he finally settled in Mexico City.

He acted in many Mexican movies of the Golden Age of Mexican cinema along with many stars such as María Félix, Cantinflas, Pedro Infante and Jorge Negrete who became his son in law by marrying Elisa Christy (Elisa Crochet Asperó), daughter of Julio Villarreal.
Across the Plains (1911 film)
Across the Plains is a 1911 American silent Western film directed by Broncho Billy Anderson and Thomas H. Ince and starring Anderson.

The film's plot has Jennie Lee and her father heading to California in a prairie schooner. Jennie Lee's father becomes intoxicated before Indians attack them for trespassing on the land. Unable to convince her father to get in the carriage, Jennie Lee flees and races the Indians and is led to a deserted shack by a cowboy as his partner heads off for aid. The two are saved as the ranchmen return and disperse the Indians.

The film was not released with a cast of credits as typical of its production era. The production took place on the Miller Brothers 101 Ranch and was released under the Essany label. The completed film was approximately 990 feet in length and was met with mixed reviews. The film's status is unknown, but likely lost.

Broncho Billy Anderson
Gilbert M. "Broncho Billy" Anderson (born Maxwell Henry Aronson; March 21, 1880 – January 20, 1971) was an American actor, writer, film director, and film producer, who was the first star of the Western film genre. He was a founder and star for Essanay studios. In 1958, he received a special Academy Award for being a pioneer of the film industry.
2015–16 World Rugby Women's Sevens Series
The 2015–16 World Rugby Women's Sevens Series was the fourth edition of the World Rugby Women's Sevens Series (formerly the IRB Women's Sevens World Series), an annual series of tournaments organised by World Rugby for women's national teams in rugby sevens. The tour was a companion to the 2015–16 World Rugby Sevens Series for men.

The series was won by Australia who won three tour events on their way to claiming their first World Series title. The previous women's champions New Zealand finished in second place ahead of Canada and England.

Canada women's national rugby sevens team
The Canada women's national rugby sevens team was one of six 'core teams' that competed in all four rounds of the inaugural World Rugby Women's Sevens Series in 2012–13. Canada competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics and won the bronze medal after defeating Great Britain 33–10. At the 2020 Olympics, they failed to medal and finished in 9th place.

They participated at the 2021 Canada Women's Sevens in Vancouver and Edmonton. Canada finished third at both tournaments.

At the 2024 Summer Olympics, Canada won the silver medal after coming from 0–12 behind to defeat Australia by 21–12 in the semi-finals, before losing the final to New Zealand by 12–19.
Chelsea Bremner
Chelsea Bremner (born 11 April 1995) is a New Zealand rugby union player. She plays for the Black Ferns internationally and was a member of their 2021 Rugby World Cup champion squad. She previously played for Matatū in 2022, but now plays for the Chiefs Manawa in the Super Rugby Aupiki competition. She represents Canterbury at a provincial level.

Chiefs Manawa
The Chiefs Manawa are a New Zealand women's professional rugby union team based in Hamilton, New Zealand, that competes in the Super Rugby Aupiki competition.

Chiefs Manawa won the inaugural season of the Super Rugby Aupiki competition. They went undefeated throughout the season and beat the Blues Women 35–0 in the final round to claim the title.

In 2023 they continued their winning streak throughout the regular season, however were defeated by Matatū in the final.

The Chiefs Manawa were finalists for the third straight year in 2024 facing the Blues Women at Eden Park but once again finished runner-up. However, following the final they re-connected to field a Chiefs Manawa Development XV to face the USA ahead of their PAC4 test against the Black Ferns. The Chiefs Manawa Development XV tied with the US in the training game 29–29.
Nayakudu Vinayakudu
Nayakudu Vinayakudu is a 1980 Indian Telugu-language film, produced by A. V. Subba Rao under the Prasad Art Productions banner and directed by K. Pratyagatma. It stars Akkineni Nageswara Rao, Jayalalithaa and music composed by T. Chalapathi Rao. Notably, this marked Jayalalithaa's last proper film in her acting career as it got released just a few weeks after her last Tamil film, Nadhiyai Thedi Vandha Kadal. It was the last film for which the actress-politician had worked as a lead heroine before entering official politics; and also her last film in Telugu as well.

Nadhiyai Thedi Vandha Kadal
Nadhiyai Thedi Vandha Kadal (transl. The sea which came in search of a river) is a 1980 Indian Tamil-language film. The directorial debut of B. Lenin, the film stars Jayalalithaa and Sarath Babu. It was the last Tamil film to be released with Jayalalithaa in the lead role, and is based on the novel of the same name by Maharishi. The film was released on 15 January 1980.
European route E35
European route E35 is a European route that runs between Amsterdam, Netherlands, in northwestern Europe, and Rome, Italy in the south of the continent. The road heads through Germany and Switzerland before reaching Italy.

European route E42
European route E42 is a road in Europe and a part of the United Nations International E-road network. It connects Dunkerque, a major ferry and container port at the northern end of the French coast with Aschaffenburg on the north western tip of Bavaria. Along the way it also passes through Wallonia in Belgium and the German Länder of Rhineland-Palatinate and Hessen. The full length of the route is approximately 680 kilometers (420 mi).
Mountain Justice (1930 film)
Mountain Justice is a 1930 American pre-Code
Western film directed by Harry Joe Brown and written by Bennett Cohen and Leslie Mason. The film stars Ken Maynard, Otis Harlan, Kathryn Crawford, Paul Hurst, Les Bates and Richard Carlyle. The film was released on May 4, 1930, by Universal Pictures.

Ken Maynard
Kenneth Olin Maynard (July 21, 1895 – March 23, 1973) was an American actor and producer. He was mostly active from the 1920s to the 1940s and considered one of the biggest Western stars in Hollywood.

Maynard was also an occasional screenwriter and director. In 1960, he was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contributions to the film industry.