hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Charles Thaxton
Charles Burton Thaxton (born 1939) is an American physical chemist. He is a proponent of special creation who went on to become one of the first intelligent design authors.

He was a Fellow of the Discovery Institute's Center for Science and Culture, and is currently a Fellow of the Discovery Institute.

Discovery Institute
The Discovery Institute (DI) is a politically conservative think tank that advocates the pseudoscientific concept of intelligent design (ID). It was founded in 1991 in Seattle as a non-profit offshoot of the Hudson Institute.
It has been denounced as a "propaganda mill" by various prominent critics.

Its "Teach the Controversy" campaign aims to permit the teaching of anti-evolution, intelligent-design arguments in United States public high school science courses in place of accepted scientific theories, positing that a scientific controversy exists over whether evolution is a reality, when in fact there is none.
Maurilio Fossati
Maurilio Fossati, O.SS.G.C.N., (24 May 1876 – 30 March 1965) was an Italian cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who served as Archbishop of Turin from 1930 until his death, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1933.

Archdiocese of Turin
The Archdiocese of Turin (Latin: Archidioecesis Taurinensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory of the Catholic Church in Italy.

The diocese of Turin was founded in the 4th century and elevated to the dignity of an archdiocese on 21 May 1515 by Pope Leo X. As a metropolitan archdiocese, it has as suffragan dioceses: Acqui, Alba, Aosta, Asti, Cuneo, Fossano, Ivrea, Mondovì, Pinerolo, Saluzzo and Susa. Its mother church is the Cathedral of Saint John the Baptist.
Quakers in Upper Canada
The Quakers (Society of Friends) have had a presence in Canada since 1670, when Charles Bayly was sent to be the governor of the Hudson's Bay Company. Early Quaker settlements were attempted in New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island and at Farnham in Quebec in the late 1700s. Permanent communities were realised at Adolphustown on the Bay of Quinte and at the same time at Pelham in the Niagara District before 1800. Quakers immigrated to Canada from New York, the New England States, and Pennsylvania.

A Canadian Quaker sect, the Children of Peace, was founded during the War of 1812 after a schism in York County. A further schism occurred in 1828, leaving two branches, "Orthodox" Quakers and "Hicksite" Quakers.

Adolphustown
Adolphustown is a geographic area located in Greater Napanee, Ontario, Canada, on the Adolphus Reach of the Bay of Quinte in Lake Ontario. Adolphustown is now part of the town of Greater Napanee. The rural character of the Adolphustown region remains largely undisturbed today and the area, with its picturesque lakefront location, remains popular for the cultivation of apples and strawberries.
Winter ice cream
Winter ice cream (Hungarian: téli fagylalt [ˈteːli ˈfɒɟlɒlt] or téli fagyi [ˈteːli ˈfɒɟi]) is a Hungarian confectionery similar in appearance to ice cream in a cone, but traditionally having ganache or a similar kind of sweet cream filling with usually a chocolate-cocoa flavoring. It gained popularity in the 1970s in communist Hungary, being produced as a winter alternative to "summer" ice creams, which were deemed to be too cold for winter sweets. Apart from grocery shops, it was frequently sold as part of the national railway's catering service (utasellátó). The confectionery's popularity faded in the early 1990s, when, after the end of communism, foreign candy manufacturers and their products appeared on the Hungarian market. However, along with some other snack foods and soft drinks of communist-era Hungary, winter ice cream garnered renewed interest in the late 2000s and 2010s.

Cocoa solids
Dry cocoa solids are the components of cocoa beans remaining after cocoa butter, the fatty component of the bean, is extracted from chocolate liquor, roasted cocoa beans that have been ground into a liquid state. Cocoa butter is 46% to 57% of the weight of cocoa beans and gives chocolate its characteristic melting properties. Cocoa powder is the powdered form of the dry solids with a small remaining amount of cocoa butter. Untreated cocoa powder is bitter and acidic. Dutch process cocoa has been treated with an alkali to neutralize the acid.

Cocoa powder contains flavanols, amounts of which are reduced if the cocoa is subjected to acid-reducing alkalization.

Other definitions of cocoa solids, especially legal ones, include all cocoa ingredients (cocoa mass, cocoa powder and cocoa butter). In this case, cocoa solids without cocoa butter are specified as non-fat cocoa solids.
Paul Kirui
Paul Kiprop Kirui (born February 5, 1980) is a Kenyan distance and marathon runner. He participated at the IAAF World Half Marathon Championships in 2004 and finished first place. He had participated the World Half Marathon Championships twice before; in 2002 he finished 10th, but the next year he did not finish. His marathon personal best is 2:06:44, set in 2006 Rotterdam Marathon, when he finished 2nd behind compatriot Sammy Korir.

Kirui reached the podium at the 2010 Seoul International Marathon, taking third in 2:07:35 – his quickest time in three years.

Rotterdam Marathon
The Rotterdam Marathon, currently branded NN Rotterdam Marathon, is an annual marathon that has been held in Rotterdam, Netherlands since 1981. It has been held in April every year since the third edition in 1984 and attracts many top athletes. It has also been ranked as one of the top 10 marathons in the world by Runner's World magazine. The event is the most popular marathon in the Netherlands, followed by the marathons of Amsterdam and Eindhoven.
Joel Meyerowitz
Joel Meyerowitz (born March 6, 1938) is an American street, portrait and landscape photographer. He began photographing in color in 1962 and was an early advocate of the use of color during a time when there was significant resistance to the idea of color photography as serious art. In the early 1970s he taught photography at the Cooper Union in New York City.

His work is in the collections of the International Center of Photography, Museum of Modern Art, and New York Public Library, all in New York, and the Museum of Contemporary Photography in Chicago.

International Center of Photography
The International Center of Photography (ICP) is a photography museum and school at 84 Ludlow Street on the Lower East Side of Manhattan in New York City. ICP's photographic collection, reading room, and archives are at Mana Contemporary in Jersey City, New Jersey. The organization was founded by Cornell Capa in 1974. It is located at 84 Ludlow Street, within the Lower East Side.

ICP is the host of the Infinity Awards, inaugurated in 1985 "to bring public attention to outstanding achievements in photography by honoring individuals with distinguished careers in the field and by identifying future luminaries."
Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Essentials
Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Essentials is a 2006 action-adventure stealth game developed by Ubisoft Montreal and published by Ubisoft. It is part of the Splinter Cell series and was released for the PlayStation Portable handheld system on March 21, 2006. It is the fourth entry in the series and runs on the Unreal Engine 2.

Unreal Engine 2
Unreal Engine 2 (UE2) is the second version of Unreal Engine developed by Epic Games. Unreal Engine 2 transitioned the engine from software rendering to hardware rendering and brought support for multiple platforms such as video game consoles. The first game using UE2 was released in 2002 and its last update was shipped in 2005. It was succeeded by Unreal Engine 3.
Skylab 3
Skylab 3 (also SL-3 and SLM-2) was the second crewed mission to the first American space station, Skylab. The mission began on July 28, 1973, with the launch of NASA astronauts Alan Bean, Owen Garriott, and Jack Lousma in the Apollo command and service module on the Saturn IB rocket, and lasted 59 days, 11 hours and 9 minutes. A total of 1,084.7 astronaut-utilization hours were tallied by the Skylab 3 crew performing scientific experiments in the areas of medical activities, solar observations, Earth resources, and other experiments.

The crewed Skylab missions were officially designated Skylab 2, 3, and 4. Miscommunication about the numbering resulted in the mission emblems reading "Skylab I", "Skylab II", and "Skylab 3" respectively.

Skylab 2
Skylab 2 (also SL-2 and SLM-1) was the first crewed mission to Skylab, the first American orbital space station. The mission was launched on an Apollo command and service module by a Saturn IB rocket on May 25, 1973, and carried NASA astronauts Pete Conrad, Joseph P. Kerwin, Paul J. Weitz to the station. The name Skylab 2 also refers to the vehicle used for that mission. The Skylab 2 mission established a twenty-eight-day record for human spaceflight duration. Its crew was the first space station occupants ever to return safely to Earth – the only previous space station occupants, the crew of the 1971 Soyuz 11 mission that had crewed the Salyut 1 station for twenty-four days, died upon reentry due to unexpected cabin depressurization.

The crewed Skylab missions were officially designated Skylab 2, 3, and 4. Miscommunication about the numbering resulted in the mission emblems reading "Skylab I", "Skylab II", and "Skylab 3" respectively.
Art punk
Art punk is a subgenre of punk rock influenced by art school culture in which artists go beyond the genre's rudimentary three-chord garage rock conventions, incorporating more complex song structures, esoteric influences and a more sophisticated sound and image. While retaining punk's simplicity and rawness, art punk draws more from avant-garde music, literature and abstract art than other punk subgenres, often intersecting with the more experimental branches of the post-punk scene. Subsequently, attracting opposing audiences to that of the angry, working-class ones that surrounded the original punk rock scene.

Avant-garde music
Avant-garde music is music that is considered to be at the forefront of innovation in its field, with the term avant-garde implying a critique of existing aesthetic conventions, rejection of the status quo in favor of unique or original elements, and the idea of deliberately challenging or alienating audiences. Avant-garde music may be distinguished from experimental music by the way it adopts an extreme position within a certain tradition, whereas experimental music lies outside tradition.
Danny Cedrone
Donato Joseph "Danny" Cedrone (June 20, 1920 – June 17, 1954) was an American guitarist and bandleader, best known for his work with Bill Haley & His Comets on their epochal "Rock Around the Clock" in 1954.

Art Ryerson
Arthur Ryerson (May 22, 1913 – October 27, 2004) was a jazz guitarist who emerged in the 1930s, playing acoustic and electric guitar, as well as the banjo. He played with jazz orchestras and bands in the 1930s and the 1940s. In the early 1950s, he played on several early rock and roll recordings of Bill Haley. His daughter is flautist Ali Ryerson.
Josh Hall (basketball)
Joshua Karon Lee Hall (born October 8, 2000) is an American professional basketball player who last played for the Cape Town Tigers of the Basketball Africa League (BAL). He played for Moravian Prep in Hudson, North Carolina at the postgraduate level. A five-star recruit and former NC State commit, Hall chose to forgo college basketball and immediately enter the 2020 NBA draft. He is a 6-foot-9-inch (2.06 m), 190-pound (86 kg) small forward.

Cape Town Tigers
The Cape Town Tigers are a South African professional basketball team founded in Cape Town. The Tigers have played in the Basketball National League (BNL) and played in three seasons of the Basketball Africa League (BAL) between 2022 and 2024.

Established in 2019, the Tigers are based in Gugulethu, and have won the South African national championship three times, and qualified for the BAL through the Road to BAL three times.
Guardians of the Cedars
The Guardians of the Cedars (GoC; Arabic: حراس الأرز; Ḥurrās al-Arz) was a Lebanese nationalist party and former militia in Lebanon. It was formed by Étienne Saqr (also known with the kunya "Abu Arz" or "Father of the Cedars") and others along with the Lebanese Renewal Party in the early 1970s. It operated in the Lebanese Civil War under the slogan: Lebanon, at your service. The militia was explicitly anti-Palestinian, and gained a reputation for brutality against Palestinian fighters.

Lebanese Front
The Lebanese Front was a coalition of mainly right-wing Lebanese Nationalist parties and organizations formed in 1976 by majority Christian militia groups during the Lebanese Civil War. It was intended to act as a reaction force to the Lebanese National Movement (LNM) of Kamal Jumblatt and other left-wing allies.
Nong Sano, Buntharik
Nong Sano (Thai: หนองสะโน)  is a tambon (subdistrict) located in the western region of Buntharik district, in Ubon Ratchathani Province, Thailand. In 2021, it had a population of 16,973 people. Neighbouring subdistricts are (clockwise from the south) Non Kho, Sok Saeng, Bua Ngam of Det Udom district, Na Pho, Ban Maet, Kho Laen, Phon Ngam and Bua Ngam of Buntharik.

Buntharik district
Buntharik (Thai: บุณฑริก, pronounced [būn.tʰā.rík]; Northeastern Thai: บุณฑริก, pronounced [būn.tʰā.lìk]) is a district (amphoe) in the southeastern part of Ubon Ratchathani province, northeastern Thailand.
Davao–Samal Bridge
The Samal Island–Davao City (SIDC) Connector, commonly known as the Davao–Samal Bridge, is an under-construction bridge that will cross Pakiputan Strait to connect mainland Mindanao via Davao City and Samal, Davao del Norte in the Philippines. On January 14, 2021, the Philippine and Chinese governments signed a contract to design and construct the bridge, costing P23 billion pesos. On October 27, 2022, President Bongbong Marcos led the groundbreaking ceremony for the construction of the bridge.

Samal, Davao del Norte
Samal, officially the Island Garden City of Samal (IGaCOS; Cebuano: Pulong Harding Dakbayan sa Samal; Filipino: Pulong Harding Lungsod ng Samal) is a  component city in the province of Davao del Norte, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 116,771 people.

It is made up of Samal Island and the smaller Talikud Island in Davao Gulf, from the merger of former municipalities of Samal, Babak, and Kaputian.

Samal is a part of the Metropolitan Davao area and is two kilometers away from Davao City, in mainland Mindanao, the largest city and the primary economic center of that island.
Parchal
Parchal is a town and a former civil parish in the municipality (concelho) of Lagoa, Portugal. In 2013, the parish merged into the new parish Estômbar e Parchal. The population in 2011 was 4,019, in an area of 3.86 km2. It is situated in the northwest part of the Lagoa Municipality.

Parchal serves mainly as a bedroom community for Portimão, and many of its residents travel daily across the Rio Arade to work in the neighboring municipality.

Arade River
The Arade (Portuguese pronunciation: [ɐˈɾaðɨ]) is a river located in the region of the Algarve, southern Portugal. the river's course takes it through the municipalities of Silves, Lagoa and Portimão. The river remains navigable from the breakwaters at Portimao to the town of Silves. The source of the river lies to the southwest of the Serra do Caldeirão mountain ridge, in a valley called Barranco do Pé do Coelho. The river has a total length of 75.0 kilometres (46.6 mi), with its source being 481 metres (1,578 ft) above sea level. The mouth of the river empties into the Atlantic Ocean between the city of Portimão and the freguesia of Ferragudo, in Lagoa Municipality.

From the time of the Moors until the 19th century, the Arade was navigable up to as far as Silves about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi), where an important port used to exist, especially for the cork trade. Nowadays only small boats can go that far.
Medic (TV series)
Medic is an American medical drama television series that aired on NBC from September 13, 1954, to November 19, 1956. It was television's first doctor drama to focus attention on medical procedures.

Created by James Moser, Medic tried to create realism (City Hospital and The Doctor had not), which would typify subsequent medical shows. Moser had previously written for the radio shows Dragnet and Dr. Kildare.

Dragnet (franchise)
Dragnet is an American media franchise created by actor and producer Jack Webb and owned by his company Mark VII Limited and Universal Pictures. It follows Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) Detective Joe Friday and his partners as they conduct by-the-book police work and solve crimes in Los Angeles. Originating as a radio drama on NBC in 1949, Dragnet has been adapted into several successful television shows and films. Its name is derived from the police term "dragnet", a system of coordinated measures for apprehending criminals or suspects.

Dragnet is one of the most influential police procedural crime dramas in American media history. Webb's aim in creating Dragnet was a realistic depiction of policing. The series portrayed police work as dangerous and heroic, and helped shape public perception of law enforcement in the 20th century, improving the American public's opinion of police officers.
Elandon Roberts
Elandon Roberts (born April 22, 1994) is an American professional football linebacker for the Las Vegas Raiders of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Houston Cougars. He was selected by the New England Patriots in the sixth round of the 2016 NFL draft.  He plays primarily as a linebacker on defense, but when injuries during the 2019 season left the Patriots without a fullback on the roster, Roberts began to play that position as well.

Kamu Grugier-Hill
Caelan Kamuela Grugier-Hill (born May 16, 1994) is an American professional football linebacker. He played college football for the Eastern Illinois Panthers, and was selected by the New England Patriots in the sixth round of the 2016 NFL draft.
Rahmatpur, Munger
Rahmatpur is a sizable village situated in the Asarganj Block of the Munger district, Bihar. It also functions as a Gram Panchayat and falls under the jurisdiction of the Asarganj Community Development Block. Positioned in the Ang Pradesh region of Bihar, its closest town is Munger, approximately 50 kilometers away.

Anga
Anga was an ancient Indo-Aryan tribe of eastern South Asia whose existence is attested during the Iron Age. The members of the Aṅga tribe were called the Āṅgeyas.

Counted among the "sixteen great nations" in Buddhist texts like the Anguttara Nikaya, Aṅga also finds mention in the Jain Vyakhyaprajnapti's list of ancient janapadas.
Cornelia Polit
Cornelia Polit (later Embacher, born 18 February 1963) is a former swimmer from East Germany. At age seventeen she won the silver medal in the women's 200 m backstroke at the 1980 Summer Olympics, behind her teammate Rica Reinisch. She won a silver and a gold medal in the 100 m and 200 m backstroke at the 1981 European Aquatics Championships, respectively. Two years later she repeated this achievement, but in the butterfly events.

Rica Reinisch
Rica Reinisch (later Assmann then Neumann; born 6 April 1965) is a retired swimmer from East Germany. She was a specialist in backstroke, setting four world records in the Moscow Games (three in 100 m backstroke: 1:01.51, 1:01.50 and 1:00.86; one in 200 m backstroke 2:11.77), at the age of fifteen. She won gold medals in the 100 m and 200 m backstroke and as a member of the 4 x 100 medley relay team.
Limelight Years
Limelight Years (Chinese: 華麗轉身; Jyutping: Waa4 Lai6 Zyun2 San1; Cantonese Yale: Wàh Laih Jyún Sān; literally "Elegant Transformation") is a 2015 Hong Kong romantic television drama created and produced by TVB, starring  Linda Chung, Liza Wang, Alex Fong, Damian Lau and Eliza Sam as the main cast. Filming took place from June till September 2014. The drama began airing on Hong Kong's Jade and HD Jade channels April 27 till May 22, 2015 every Monday through Friday during its 8:30-9:30 pm timeslot with a total of 22 episodes. The final 2 episodes aired on the same night as a 2-hour finale special on Sunday May 24, 2015 starting at 8:00 pm.

This is the third time Wang and Lau have collaborated playing a couple. The two previously worked together in TVB's 1980 Yesterday's Glitter (京華春夢) and 2001 The Awakening Story (婚前昏後)

This is Alex Fong's first drama with TVB in nine years. His last collaboration with TVB was in 2005 My Family (甜孫爺爺).

Eliza Sam
Eliza Sam Lai-Heung (Chinese: 岑麗香; born 17 November 1984) is a Hong Kong actress, formerly under contract in TVB. She won the Miss Chinese Vancouver Pageant in 2009, and went on to win the 2010 Miss Chinese International Pageant.

After winning the Miss Chinese Vancouver title 2010, Sam was involved supporting organizations such as the Canadian Cancer Society and S.U.C.C.E.S.S. She won the World Chinese Entrepreneur Scholarship in January 2010, hosted by The 4th World Chinese Entrepreneurs Convention, Canada Founding & Development Society.
Acoustic paramagnetic resonance
In acoustics, acoustic paramagnetic resonance (APR) is a phenomenon of resonant absorption of sound by a system of magnetic particles placed in an external magnetic field. It occurs when the energy of the sound wave quantum becomes equal to the splitting of the energy levels of the particles, the splitting being induced by the magnetic field. APR is a variation of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) where the acoustic rather than electromagnetic waves are absorbed by the studied sample. APR was theoretically predicted in 1952, independently by Semen Altshuler and Alfred Kastler, and was experimentally observed by W. G. Proctor and W. H. Tanttila in 1955.

Electron paramagnetic resonance
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) or electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy is a method for studying materials that have unpaired electrons. The basic concepts of EPR are analogous to those of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), but the spins excited are those of the electrons instead of the atomic nuclei. EPR spectroscopy is useful for analyzing metal ions and organic radicals (compounds with unpaired electrons). The technique reveals some structural information but often simply provides a characteristic "finger print".  The measurement requires a large magnet into which the sample is placed.  Signals are detected using microwaves.  In contrast to NMR and infrared (IR) spectroscopy, EPR spectroscopy is less common.  For a given sample, some of the parameters of interest are g-values (analogous to chemical shift), anisotropy (asymmetry), hyperfine coupling constants (analogous to coupling constant J), and relaxation times.
USS Poughkeepsie (PF-26)
USS Poughkeepsie (PF-26), a Tacoma-class frigate in commission from 1944 to 1945, was the first ship of the United States Navy to be named for Poughkeepsie, New York. She later served in the Soviet Navy as EK-27 and in the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force as JDS Momi (PF-4), JDS Momi (PF-284), and as YAC-13.

Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force
The Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (Japanese: 海上自衛隊, Hepburn: Kaijō Jieitai), abbreviated JMSDF (海自, Kaiji), also simply known as the Japanese Navy, is the navy branch of the Japan Self-Defense Forces, tasked with the naval defense of Japan. The JMSDF was formed following the dissolution of the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) after World War II. The JMSDF has a fleet of 164 ships, 346 aircraft and 50,800 personnel.