hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Edward Bennett Mathews
Edward Bennett Mathews, Ph.D. (August 13, 1869 – February 4, 1944) was an American geologist.  He obtained a bachelor's degree from Colby College in 1891, and began serving with the United States Geological Survey in the same year, working under Charles R. Van Hise. He was a professor of Mineralogy and Petrography at Johns Hopkins University.  He was appointed the Assistant State Geologist of Maryland in 1896 by the State Geologist, William Bullock Clark, and served in that role until 1917, when he became the State Geologist upon Clark's death.  He retired from Johns Hopkins in 1939, departed the position of State Geologist in 1943, and died the following year.

Charles R. Van Hise
Charles Richard Van Hise (May 29, 1857 – November 19, 1918) was an American geologist, academic and progressive. He served as president of the University of Wisconsin (UW) in Madison, Wisconsin, from 1903 to 1918.
1999 Kilkenny County Council election
An election to Kilkenny County Council took place on 10 June 1999 as part of that year's Irish local elections. 26 councillors were elected from five local electoral areas on the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV) for a five-year term of office.

1999 Irish local elections
The 1999 Irish local elections were held in all the counties, cities and towns of Ireland on Friday, 11 June 1999, on the same day as the European elections.

Ireland was divided into local government areas of administrative counties and county boroughs, in which the local authorities had last been elected at the 1991 local elections, and a second tier in certain areas of boroughs, urban districts and towns, in which the local authorities had last been elected at the 1994 local elections. The elections had been scheduled for 1998, but were postponed.

Each local government area was divided into local electoral areas (LEAs) in which councillors were elected for a five-year term on the electoral system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV). During the period of office of these councils, local government throughout the state was restructured under the Local Government Act 2001.
Mehreen Faruqi
Mehreen Saeed Faruqi (Urdu: مہرین سعید فاروقی born 8 July 1963) is an Australian politician and former engineer who has been a federal Senator for New South Wales since 15 August 2018, representing the Greens. She was chosen to fill a casual vacancy caused by the resignation of Lee Rhiannon, before being elected in her own right in 2019. She had previously served in the New South Wales Legislative Council between June 2013 and August 2018. Since June 2022, Faruqi has served as Deputy Leader of the Australian Greens.

Casual vacancies in the Australian Parliament
In the Parliament of Australia, a casual vacancy arises when a member of either the Senate or the House of Representatives:

dies

resigns mid-term

is expelled from Parliament and their seat is declared vacant,

is absent from (fails to attend) the house, without the permission of the house, for two consecutive months of a session, or

is disqualified.
2010 London Labour Party mayoral selection
The London Labour Party mayoral selection of 2010 was the process by which the Labour Party selected its candidate for Mayor of London, to stand in the 2012 mayoral election. Ken Livingstone, former Mayor of London, was selected to stand.

London Labour
London Labour is the devolved, regional part of the Labour Party in Greater London. It is the largest political party in London, currently holding a majority of the executive mayoralties, a majority of local councils, council seats and parliamentary seats, and a plurality of assembly seats.
Ballerina Clown
Ballerina Clown, also known as Clownerina, is a public sculpture in the Venice neighborhood of Los Angeles. It was unveiled in 1989 and was created by Jonathan Borofsky. The sculpture is animated, occasionally kicking during a scheduled time in the afternoon. It is located on top of a CVS Pharmacy at the corner of Rose Ave. and Main St.

Venice, Los Angeles
Venice is a neighborhood of the City of Los Angeles within the Westside region of Los Angeles County, California, United States.

Venice was founded by Abbot Kinney in 1905 as a seaside resort town. It was an independent city until 1926, when it was annexed by the city of Los Angeles. Venice is known for its canals, a beach, and Ocean Front Walk, a  2+1⁄2-mile (4-kilometer) pedestrian promenade that features performers, fortune-tellers, and vendors.
Bhagwanji
Bhagwanji, also known as Gumnami Baba (lit. 'Baba with no name'), was an ascetic who lived approximately the last thirty years of his life in various parts of Uttar Pradesh, India. He is best known for being the object of rumors that asserted his real identity as being Subhas Chandra Bose. These claims have repeatedly been found to be unsubstantiated by numerous investigations. Bose presumed to have died in a plane crash on 18 August 1945, but legends and rumors of his purported survival have circulated ever since.

Bhagwanji died on 16 September 1985, in Ayodhya.

Sheaffer
Sheaffer Pen Corporation (/ˈʃeɪfər/) is an American manufacturing company of writing instruments, particularly luxury fountain pens. The company was founded by Walter A. Sheaffer in Fort Madison, Iowa, and incorporated in 1913 to exploit his invention of a lever-filling fountain pen. The brand was sold by French company Bic to A. T. Cross Company in August, 2014.  In August, 2022 the brand was sold to and is currently owned by William Penn Private Limited, a multi-brand retailer and distributor of writing instruments and accessories.
Nie Aoshuang
Nie Aoshuang (simplified Chinese: 聂傲双; traditional Chinese: 聶傲雙; pinyin: Niè 'Àoshuāng; born 16 January 1995) is a Chinese footballer currently playing as a midfielder for Chinese League One club Qingdao Red Lions.

2020 China League Two
The 2020 Chinese Football Association Division Two League season was the 31st season since its establishment in 1989. The season was scheduled to begin on 14 March and end on 17 October 2020, but was postponed following the coronavirus pandemic in China. On 12 October 2020, Chinese Football Association announced that the season would be resumed on 24 October 2020. In this season, 21 teams were split into two groups.
Brough House
Brough House is a heritage-listed former residence and premises for the Maitland Girls' High School and Maitland Art Gallery and now house museum at Church Street, Maitland, New South Wales, in the state's Hunter Region. It was built from 1860 to 1862 by Isaac Beckett and Samuel Owens. The property is owned by the National Trust of Australia (NSW). It is associated with neighbouring Grossmann House, which is also owned by the National Trust. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 1 March 2002.

Maitland Grossmann High School
Maitland Grossmann High School (abbreviated as MGHS) is a government-funded co-educational comprehensive secondary day school, located in East Maitland, New South Wales, Australia. The school is situated on Cumberland Street, adjacent to the old Maitland Gaol.

Established in 1884 as the girls only single-sex Maitland Girls' High School, in 1986 the school collaborated with Maitland Boys High, and now both schools are co-educational, with Maitland Girls' High School renamed as Maitland Grossmann High School, and Maitland Boys' High School renamed as Maitland High School. Maitland Grossmann High School enrolled approximately 1,200 students in 2018, from Year 7 to Year 12, of whom seven percent identified as Indigenous Australians and six percent were from a language background other than English. The school is operated by the NSW Department of Education.

The school draws it name from Jeanette Grossman, who provided accommodation for the school in its early years.
Dragomir Vučković
Dragomir Vučković (Serbian Cyrillic: Пуковник Драгомир Вучковић; 1844 – 10 December 1899) was a Serbian colonel who participated in the Serbian-Turkish Wars and the Serbo-Bulgarian War of 1885. As Minister of the Army, he was heavily involved in the modernisation of the Serbian Army.

In 1874, he served as an adjutant to Colonel Radovan Miletić before and during the Serbian-Turkish Wars. He then served as Minister of the Army of Serbia in the Ministry of Defence from 11 October 1897 until his death. During that period, he was part of the Cabinet of Vladan Đorđević.

On 10 December 1899, Vučković died in Belgrade due to a sudden heart attack during transit.

Vladan Đorđević
Ipokrat "Vladan" Đorđević (pronounced [ʋlǎːdan d͡ʑɔ̝̌ːrd͡ʑe̞vit͡ɕ], Serbian Cyrillic: Владан Ђорђевић, 21 November 1844 – 31 August 1930) was a Serbian politician, diplomat, physician, writer, and organizer of the State Sanitary Service. He held the post of mayor of Belgrade, Minister of Education, Prime Minister of Serbia, Minister of Foreign Affairs and Envoy to Athens and Istanbul.
(529366) 2009 WM1
(529366) 2009 WM1, provisional designation 2009 WM1, is a sub-kilometer asteroid and near-Earth object of the Apollo group, approximately 280 meters (920 feet) in diameter. After its discovery by the Catalina Sky Survey at the Catalina Station in Arizona, United States, this potentially hazardous asteroid was briefly listed at a Torino Scale of 1 and a cumulative Palermo Scale of −0.87. It was removed from the Sentry Risk Table on 26 June 2013.

Catalina Sky Survey
Catalina Sky Survey (CSS; obs. codes: 703 and G96) is an astronomical survey to discover comets and asteroids. It is conducted at the Steward Observatory's Catalina Station, located near Tucson, Arizona, in the United States.

CSS focuses on the search for near-Earth objects, in particular on any potentially hazardous asteroid that may pose a threat of impact. Its counterpart in the southern hemisphere was the Siding Spring Survey (SSS), closed in 2013 due to loss of funding. CSS supersedes the photographic Bigelow Sky Survey.
Moelva (Agder)
Moelva (old spelling: Maa Elv) is a river in the municipalities of Birkenes and Lillesand in Agder, Norway.  It originates from a hill south of Tveide in Birkenes and empties into the Tingsakerfjord, east of the town of Lillesand.  Large parts of the disused, former railway Lillesand-Flaksvand Line followed the river bank.

An old stone bridge is still located by Helvetesfossen. It was restored by the Norwegian Public Roads Administration in 1993.

Lillesand (town)
Lillesand is the administrative centre of Lillesand municipality in Agder county, Norway. The town is located along the Skagerrak coast, about 18 kilometres (11 mi) southwest of the town of Grimstad and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northeast of the city of Kristiansand. The 5.08-square-kilometre (1,260-acre) town has a population (2019) of 7,966 and a population density of 1,567 inhabitants per square kilometre (4,060/sq mi). In Norway, Lillesand is considered a by which can be translated as either a "town" or "city" in English.

Lillesand Church is located in the town and it is the seat of the Vest-Nedenes prosti (deanery). The European route E18 passes by the town, one of the main roads along southeastern Norway. The Blindleia strait is an inland waterway that leads from the Høvåg area northwards to the town of Lillesand.
20 Ophiuchi
20 Ophiuchi is a class F6IV (yellow-white subgiant) star in the constellation Ophiuchus. Its apparent magnitude is 4.64 and it is approximately 104 light years away based on parallax. It lies near the star Zeta Ophiuchi.

20 Ophiuchi is an astrometric binary. The primary star is a late F-type subgiant star. It has a mass 1.72 times that of the Sun. The companion star regularly perturbs the primary star, causing it to wobble around the barycenter. From this, an orbital period of 35.5 years has been calculated. The secondary star is 0.8 times the mass of the Sun, and it may be a white dwarf or red dwarf.

Ophiuchus
Ophiuchus (/ˌɒfiˈjuːkəs/) is a large constellation straddling the celestial equator. Its name comes from the Ancient Greek ὀφιοῦχος (ophioûkhos), meaning "serpent-bearer", and it is commonly represented as a man grasping a snake. The serpent is represented by the constellation Serpens. Ophiuchus was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations. An old alternative name for the constellation was Serpentarius.
2023 Challenger de Tigre
The 2023 Challenger de Tigre was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the third edition of the tournament which was part of the 2023 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Tigre, Argentina between 2 and 8 January 2023.

2023 ATP Challenger Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour in 2023 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2023 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 196 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $40,000 up to $220,000. It was the 46th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle and 15th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Chaudandigadhi Municipality
Chaudandigadhi (Nepali: चौदण्डीगढी) is a municipality in Udayapur District of Province No. 1 in Nepal that was established on 10 March 2017 by merging the former Village development committees Chaudandi, Siddipur, Hadiya and Sundarpur with the former municipality Beltar Basaha. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census, the localities out of which Chaudandigadhi would be formed had a joint population of 48,574 people living in 10,519 individual households.
It is surrounded by Belka Municipality in the east, Triyuga in the west, the districts of Khotang and Bhojpur in the north and Sunsari District in the south.

The Mayor of the municipality is Kalu Man Lama and Manika Devi Dulal is Deputy Mayor

Sithdipur
Siddhipur  is a village development committee in Udayapur District in the Sagarmatha Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2606 people living in 459 individual households.
Alice M. Isen
Alice M. Isen was an American psychologist and Professor of Psychology and of Marketing at Cornell University. A prominent and widely published scholar, her research concerned the influence of "positive affect" on social interaction, thought processes, and decision making, including applications to organizational behavior, medical decision making, doctor-patient interaction, issues in services marketing, and issues related to brand equity and loyalty.

Journal of Consumer Psychology
The Journal of Consumer Psychology is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering psychology as it relates to consumer behavior. It was established in 1992 and is published by John Wiley & Sons on behalf of the Society for Consumer Psychology, the 23rd division of the American Psychological Association. The editor-in-chief is Lauren Goldberg Block (Baruch College). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2016 impact factor of 3.385.
Şeyh Muslihiddin
Şeyh Muslihiddin Nureddinzade (1502 – 1574) was a Sufi saint and scholar of the Ottoman Empire who belonged to the Khalvati order. He was born near the city of Plovdiv in Ottoman Bulgaria. He went to Istanbul after being initiated as a Sufi, and gained many prominent followers, including Sokollu Mehmed Pasha, Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent and Aziz Mahmud Hudayi, among others. He was very influential in getting Sultan Suleiman to join the campaign for the Siege of Szigetvár. He died a few years later and was buried in Edirnekapı, but his grave was lost forever during the construction of the Edirnekapı Martyr's Cemetery.

Sheikh Bedreddin
Sheikh Bedreddin Mahmud bin Israel bin Abdulaziz (Ottoman Turkish: شیخ بدرالدین; 1359–1420) was an influential mystic, scholar, theologian, and revolutionary. He is best known for his role in a 1416 revolt against the Ottoman Empire, in which he and his disciples posed a serious challenge to the authority of Sultan Mehmed I and the Ottoman state.
Ibrahim Helal
Ibrahim Helal Shehata (Arabic: إبراهيم هلال شحاتة; born February 28, 1990) is an Egyptian professional footballer who currently plays as a defensive midfielder for the Egyptian club El Raja SC. In 2014, Helal signed a 2-year contract for Alexandria's club Al Ittihad in a free transfer from Wadi Degla, he then asked to leave the club since he felt ignorance. He then moved to Marsa Matruh's club El Raja SC.

El Raja SC
El Raja Sporting Club (Arabic: نادي الرجاء الرياضي), simply known as El Raja, is an Egyptian football and sports club based in Mersa Matruh, Egypt. The club currently plays in the Egyptian Third Division, the third-highest league in the Egyptian football league system.
Second Battle of Bull Run order of battle: Confederate
The following Confederate States Army units and commanders fought in the Second Battle of Bull Run, called the Second Battle of Manassas by Confederate records, of the American Civil War. The Union order of battle is listed separately. Order of battle compiled from the army organization during the battle, the casualty returns and the reports.

General officers in the Confederate States Army
The general officers of the Confederate States Army (CSA) were the senior military leaders of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War of 1861–1865. They were often former officers from the United States Army (the regular army) before the Civil War, while others were given the rank based on merit or when necessity demanded. Most Confederate generals needed confirmation from the Confederate States Congress, much like prospective generals in the modern U.S. armed forces.

Like all of the Confederacy's military forces, these generals answered to their civilian leadership, in particular Jefferson Davis, the president of the Confederate States of America and therefore commander-in-chief of the military forces of the Confederate States.
ISO 3166-2:CD
ISO 3166-2:CD is the entry for the Democratic Republic of the Congo in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

Currently for the Democratic Republic of the Congo, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for one city and 25 provinces. The city Kinshasa is the capital of the country and has special status equal to the provinces. 
Each code consists of two parts, separated by a hyphen. The first part is CD, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The second part is two letters.

ISO 3166-1 alpha-2
ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 codes are two-letter country codes defined in ISO 3166-1, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), to represent countries, dependent territories, and special areas of geographical interest. They are the most widely used of the country codes published by ISO (the others being alpha-3 and numeric), and are used most prominently for the Internet's country code top-level domains (with a few exceptions). They were first included as part of the ISO 3166 standard in its first edition in 1974.
Battle of Abydos
The Battle of Abydos was an Athenian naval victory in the Peloponnesian War.  In the battle, the Spartan fleet, under Mindarus, attempted to rescue a small allied fleet that had been driven ashore at Dardanus, but was attacked by the Athenian fleet, under Thrasybulus.  The fighting was evenly contested for a great length of time, but towards evening, the arrival of Alcibiades with Athenian reinforcements tipped the balance in favor of the Athenians, and the Peloponnesians were forced to flee back to their base at Abydos, suffering heavy losses along the way.

Donald Kagan
Donald Kagan (/ˈkeɪɡən/; May 1, 1932 – August 6, 2021) was a Lithuanian-born American historian and classicist at Yale University specializing in ancient Greece. He formerly taught in the Department of History at Cornell University. Kagan was considered among the foremost American scholars of Greek history and is notable for his four-volume history of the Peloponnesian War.
Selebobo
Udoka Chigozie Oku, also known by his stage name Selebobo, is a Nigerian singer, songwriter, producer, and mixing engineer. Formerly signed to Made Men Music Group. Selebobo is most known for his singles, "Yoyo', "Selfie", and "Waka Waka". He has also collaborated with Flavour N'abania, Yemi Alade, Tekno Miles, Emma Nyra, and Iyanya. He was also a nominee of the Producer of the Year category at 2018 The Headies.

Flavour (musician)
Chinedu Okoli (listenⓘ; born 23 November 1983), better known by his stage name Flavour N'abania or simply Flavour, is a Nigerian singer and songwriter. He began his musical career as a drummer for a local church. His popular releases include "Nwa Baby (Ashawo Remix)", "Ada Ada" and "Time to Party." He is currently signed to 2nite Entertainment.

In 2008, he released his self-titled debut album N'abania. In 2010, Flavour released his second studio album, Uplifted. It was supported by the singles "Nwa Baby (Ashawo Remix)", "Adamma", and "Oyi Remix". The album's success made Flavour one of Africa's most sought out artists. He was booked to perform at numerous concerts and social events following Uplifted's release.
Newtown, Staffordshire
Newtown is an area of the civil parish of Essington in the South Staffordshire district of Staffordshire, England.

Newtown lies between Landywood, Great Wyrley and Bloxwich. The village lies on Walsall Road, the main route between Walsall and Cannock, which forms part of the A34.

Great Wyrley
Great Wyrley /ˈwɜːrli/ is a village and civil parish in the South Staffordshire district of Staffordshire, England. It forms a built-up area with nearby Cheslyn Hay, Churchbridge, Landywood and Little Wyrley. It lies 6 miles (9.7 km) north of Walsall and a similar distance from Wolverhampton. Cannock is directly north of the village. It had a population of 11,060 at the 2011 census.
Vultee XA-41
The Vultee XA-41 was originally ordered as a dive bomber. After combat experience led the Army Air Corps to believe dive-bombers were too vulnerable to enemy fighters, the contract was amended to change the role to low-level ground attack. Although the XA-41 was a potent weapons system, the design was overtaken by more advanced technology, and never entered production.

Pratt & Whitney R-4360 Wasp Major
The Pratt & Whitney R-4360 Wasp Major is an American 28-cylinder four-row radial piston aircraft engine designed and built during World War II. At 4,362.5 cu in (71.5 L), it is the largest-displacement aviation piston engine to be mass-produced in the United States, and at 4,300 hp (3,200 kW) the most powerful. The prototype first ran on 28 April 1941, with production-standard engines running in 1944. It was the last of the Pratt & Whitney Wasp family, and the culmination of its maker's piston engine technology.

The war was over before it could power airplanes into combat. It powered many of the last generation of large piston-engined aircraft before turbojets, but was supplanted by equivalent (and superior) powered turboprops (such as the Allison T56).

Its main rival was the twin-row, 18-cylinder, nearly 3,350 cu in (54.9 L) displacement, up to 3,700 hp (2,800 kW) Wright R-3350 Duplex-Cyclone, first run some seven years earlier (May 1937).