hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fort of São João do Arade
The Fort of São João do Arade (Portuguese: Forte de São João do Arade), sometimes referred to as the Castle of Arade, is a medieval fortification situated in the civil parish of Ferragudo in the Portuguese Algarve municipality of Lagoa.

Arade River
The Arade (Portuguese pronunciation: [ɐˈɾaðɨ]) is a river located in the region of the Algarve, southern Portugal. the river's course takes it through the municipalities of Silves, Lagoa and Portimão. The river remains navigable from the breakwaters at Portimao to the town of Silves. The source of the river lies to the southwest of the Serra do Caldeirão mountain ridge, in a valley called Barranco do Pé do Coelho. The river has a total length of 75.0 kilometres (46.6 mi), with its source being 481 metres (1,578 ft) above sea level. The mouth of the river empties into the Atlantic Ocean between the city of Portimão and the freguesia of Ferragudo, in Lagoa Municipality.

From the time of the Moors until the 19th century, the Arade was navigable up to as far as Silves about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi), where an important port used to exist, especially for the cork trade. Nowadays only small boats can go that far.
Internal circulation reactor
The internal circulation reactor (IC reactor) is a form of anaerobic digester. It is primarily designed to treat wastewater. The IC reactor is an evolution of the UASB and EGSB digestion systems. The digester typically produces biogas with a high concentration methane (c80%). In essence the IC to improve digestion rates and gas yields. The foot print for the IC reactor is therefore typically smaller. However, it is taller due to the increased complexity of the reactor.

The IC reactor typically comes as part of a two-stage anaerobic digestion system where it is preceded by an acidification and hydrolysis tank. Effluent leaving the IC reactor will often require aerobic treatment to reduce biochemical (BOD) and COD to discharge consent levels.

Expanded granular sludge bed digestion
An expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor  is a variant of the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket digestion (UASB) concept for anaerobic wastewater treatment. The distinguishing feature is that a faster rate of upward-flow velocity is designed for the wastewater passing through the sludge bed. The increased flux permits partial expansion (fluidisation) of the granular sludge bed, improving wastewater-sludge contact as well as enhancing segregation of small inactive suspended particle from the sludge bed. The increased flow velocity is either accomplished by utilizing tall reactors, or by incorporating an effluent recycle (or both). A scheme depicting the EGSB design concept is shown in this EGSB diagram.

The EGSB design is appropriate for low strength soluble wastewaters (less than 1 to 2 g soluble COD/l) or for wastewaters that contain inert or poorly biodegradable suspended particles which should not be allowed to accumulate in the sludge bed.
Kyriakos Charalambides
Kyriakos Charalambides (Greek: Κυριάκος Χαραλαμπίδης, Kyriacos Charalambides) is one of the most renowned and celebrated living Cypriot poets. His poetry, essays, translations, and critical analysis celebrate the ideas of Western civilisation, expressed through the language and history of Greek culture.  His poetic opus adds to the tradition established by such modern Greek poets as Constantine P. Cavafy, Giorgos Seferis and Odysseas Elytis. His poetry though holds steadfastly to the Greek Cypriot linguistic register.

Odysseas Elytis
Odysseas Elytis (/ɛˈliːtɪs/; Greek: Οδυσσέας Ελύτης [oðiˈseas eˈlitis], pen name of Odysseas Alepoudelis, Greek: Οδυσσέας Αλεπουδέλης; 2 November 1911 – 18 March 1996) was a Greek poet, man of letters, essayist and translator, regarded as the definitive exponent of romantic modernism in Greece and the world. He is one of the most praised poets of the second half of the twentieth century, with his Axion Esti "regarded as a monument of contemporary poetry". In 1979, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.
Shasta Regional Medical Center
Shasta Regional Medical Center, formerly known as Redding Medical Center and Memorial Hospital, is a general acute care hospital that is located in Redding, California. It opened in 1945 and currently has 226 beds with a basic emergency department.

Redding, California
Redding is a city in and the county seat of Shasta County, California, and the economic and cultural capital of the Shasta Cascade region of Northern California. Redding lies along the Sacramento River, 162 miles (261 km) north of Sacramento, and 120 miles (190 km) south of California's northern border with Oregon. Its population was 93,611 at the 2020 census.
Sikasya
The Sikasya (Bashkir: Һикеяҙ, Hikeyaź; Russian: Сикася́, also: Сиказя́, Сиказа́, Сикия́з) is a river in Ishimbaysky District, a right tributary of the Zigan, in the basin of the Kama. It is 46 kilometres (29 mi) long, and its drainage basin covers 253 square kilometres (98 sq mi).

Ishimbaysky District
Ishimbaysky District (Russian: Ишимба́йский райо́н; Bashkir: Ишембай районы, romanized: İşembay rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the southern central part of the republic and borders with Gafuriysky District in the north, Beloretsky District in the northeast, Burzyansky District in the east and southeast, Meleuzovsky District in the south, and with Sterlitamaksky District in the west. The area of the district is 4,006 square kilometers (1,547 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Ishimbay (which is not administratively a part of the district). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 25,042.
Luisa Tetrazzini
Luisa Tetrazzini (29 June 1871 – 28 April 1940) was an Italian coloratura soprano of great international fame. Tetrazzini "had a scintillating voice with a brilliant timbre and a range and agility well beyond the norm...". She enjoyed a highly successful operatic and concert career in Europe and America from the 1890s through to the 1920s. Her voice lives on in recordings made from 1904–1920. She wrote a memoir, My Life of Song, in 1921 and a treatise, How to Sing, in 1923. After retirement, she taught voice in her homes in Milan and Rome until her death.

La traviata
La traviata (Italian: [la traviˈaːta, -aˈvjaː-]; The Fallen Woman) is an opera in three acts by Giuseppe Verdi set to an Italian libretto by Francesco Maria Piave. It is based on La Dame aux camélias (1852), a play by Alexandre Dumas fils, which he adapted from his own 1848 novel. The opera was originally titled Violetta, after the main character. It was first performed on 6 March 1853 at La Fenice opera house in Venice.

Piave and Verdi wanted to follow Dumas in giving the opera a contemporary setting, but the authorities at La Fenice insisted that it be set in the past, "c. 1700". It was not until the 1880s that the composer's and librettist's original wishes were carried out and "realistic" productions were staged. La traviata has become immensely popular and is among the most frequently performed of all operas.
The Room (play)
The Room is Harold Pinter's first play, written and first produced in 1957.  Considered by critics the earliest example of Pinter's "comedy of menace", this play has strong similarities to Pinter's second play, The Birthday Party, including features considered hallmarks of Pinter's early work and of the so-called Pinteresque: dialogue that is comically familiar and yet disturbingly unfamiliar, simultaneously or alternatingly both mundane and frightening; subtle yet contradictory and ambiguous characterizations; a comic yet menacing mood characteristic of mid-twentieth-century English tragicomedy; a plot featuring reversals and surprises that can be both funny and emotionally moving; and an unconventional ending that leaves at least some questions unresolved.

The Birthday Party (play)
The Birthday Party (1957) is the first full-length play by Harold Pinter, first published in London by Encore Publishing in 1959. It is one of his best-known and most frequently performed plays.

In the setting of a rundown seaside boarding house, a little birthday party is turned into a nightmare when two sinister strangers arrive unexpectedly. The play has been classified as a comedy of menace, characterised by Pinteresque elements such as ambiguous identity, confusions of time and place, and dark political symbolism.

Pinter began writing The Birthday Party in the summer of 1957 while touring in Doctor in the House. He later said: "I remember writing the big interrogation scene in a dressing room in Leicester."
Livingstone's fruit bat
Livingstone's fruit bat (Pteropus livingstonii), also called the Comoro flying fox, is a megabat in the genus Pteropus. It is an Old World fruit bat found only in the Anjouan and Mohéli islands in the Union of the Comoros in the western Indian Ocean.

It is the largest and rarest bat of all Comorian species. Its preferred habitat is montane forest above 200 metres (660 ft) on Mohéli and above 500 metres (1,600 ft) on Anjouan, the destruction of which is a major threat to the bat population.  As of 2003, the total population was estimated at 1,200 individuals. Other threats to the bats' survival include storms, hunting, and their struggles to readapt to new habitats.

The black-bearded flying fox is believed to be one of the closest relatives of Livingstone's fruit bats, but experts differ as to whether or not these species belong to the same species group. No subspecies have been recognized.

Black-bearded flying fox
The black-bearded flying fox (Pteropus melanopogon) is an endangered species of megabat in the genus Pteropus. It is endemic to Indonesia, found on the islands of Ambon, Buru, Seram, Banda, and Yamdena. Currently considered monotypic, it formerly included the Aru flying fox and Kei flying fox as subspecies.
Stock mine
The Stockmine ("stick mine"), also Betonmine ("concrete mine"), was a German anti-personnel stake mine used during the Second World War. It consisted of a cylindrical concrete main body on top of a short wooden stake. The concrete head contained a small TNT bursting charge, and was embedded with metal fragments. A fuze is fitted to a central fuze well on the top of the mine. It could be used with a range of fuzes including the ZZ 35, ZZ 42 and ZU ZZ 35 that would trigger on either a tripwire pull or release.

Copies of the mine were produced after the war by different countries including the Cuban PMFC-1, the Czechoslovak PP-Mi-Sb, and the Yugoslavian PMR-2 which is found in Bosnia and Croatia.

Anti-personnel mine
An anti-personnel mine or anti-personnel landmine (APL) is a form of mine designed for use against humans, as opposed to an anti-tank mine, which target vehicles. APLs are classified into: blast mines and fragmentation mines; the latter may or may not be a bounding mine.

APLs are often designed to injure and maim, not kill, their victims to overwhelm the logistical (mostly medical) support system of enemy forces that encounter them. Some types of APLs can also damage the tracks on armoured vehicles or the tires of wheeled vehicles.

The International Campaign to Ban Landmines has sought to ban mines and destroy stockpile. For this purpose, it introduced in 1997 the Ottawa Treaty, which has not yet been accepted by over 30 states and has not guaranteed the protection of citizens against APLs planted by non-state armed groups.
Civil War: Front Line
Civil War: Front Line is an 11-issue, limited series tie-in to Marvel Comics's Civil War event which started in August 2006.

Part of the story is told from the perspective of two reporters embedded in the opposite camps of the war. Ben Urich follows the stories on Iron Man's side with the pro-registration heroes, while Sally Floyd investigates the anti-registration faction headed by Captain America. Writer Paul Jenkins was given carte blanche to have the stories reflect the current political landscape in the United States.

The other half of the series is told from the perspective of Speedball of the New Warriors. It shows Speedball's struggles with survivor guilt, imprisonment, and relations to the victims of the Stamford disaster.

Features of the Marvel Universe
The comic book stories published by Marvel Comics since the 1940s have featured several noteworthy concepts besides its fictional characters, such as unique places and artifacts. There follows a list of those features.
5th Foreign Infantry Regiment
The 5th Foreign Regiment (abbr. 5th RE, French: 5e Régiment Étranger), nicknamed the "Regiment of Tonkin" (French: "Régiment du Tonkin"), is a regiment of the Foreign Legion of the French Army created under the Third Republic. The history of this regiment is marked by its participation in World War II, the Indochina War and the Algerian War. The regiment is based in Mayotte since 2024.

Yên Bái mutiny
The Yên Bái mutiny (Vietnamese: Bạo-động Yên-bái) or officially Yên Báy general uprising (Vietnamese: Tổng khởi-nghĩa Yên-báy) was an uprising of Vietnamese soldiers in the French colonial army on 10 February 1930. This took place in collaboration with civilian supporters who were members of the Vietnam Nationalist Party.
Amphiprion mccullochi
Amphiprion mccullochi, also known as whitesnout anemonefish or McCulloch's anemonefish, is a species of anemonefish found in subtropical waters at Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island.. It was named for Allan McCulloch, a former Curator of Fishes at the Australian Museum, Sydney. Like all anemonefishes it forms a symbiotic mutualism with sea anemones and is unaffected by the stinging tentacles of the host anemone. It is a sequential hermaphrodite with a strict sized based dominance hierarchy: the female is largest, the breeding male is second largest, and the male non-breeders get progressively smaller as the hierarchy descends. They exhibit protandry, meaning the breeding male will change to female if the sole breeding female dies, with the largest non-breeder becomes the breeding male.

Cinnamon clownfish
Amphiprion melanopus, also known as the cinnamon clownfish, fire clownfish, red and black anemonefish, black-backed anemonefish or dusky anemonefish is a widely distributed anemonefish chiefly found in the western and southern parts of the Pacific Ocean.. The species scientific name 'melanopus' is Greek, meaning black feet in reference to the black pelvic fins. Like all anemonefishes it forms a symbiotic mutualism with sea anemones and is unaffected by the stinging tentacles of the host anemone.  It is a sequential hermaphrodite  with a strict sized based dominance hierarchy: the female is largest, the breeding male is second largest, and the male non-breeders get progressively smaller as the hierarchy descends. They exhibit protandry, meaning the breeding male will change to female if the sole breeding female dies, with the largest non-breeder becomes the breeding male.
John Wilson (Irish politician)
John Patrick Wilson (8 July 1923 – 9 July 2007) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician who served as Tánaiste from 1990 to 1993, Minister for Defence and Minister for the Gaeltacht from 1992 to 1993, Minister for the Marine from 1989 to 1992, Minister for Tourism and Transport from 1987 to 1989, Minister for Communications in March 1987, Minister for Posts and Telegraphs from March 1982 to December 1982 and Minister for Education from 1977 to 1981. He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) from 1973 to 1992.

Minister for Transport (Ireland)
The Minister for Transport (Irish: An tAire Iompair) is a senior minister in the Government of Ireland and leads the Department of Transport.

The Minister for Transport since January 2025 is Darragh O'Brien, TD. He is also Minister for Climate, Energy and the Environment.

He is assisted by two Ministers of State:

Seán Canney, TD – Minister of State at the Department of Transport with special responsibility for international and road transport and logistics.

Jerry Buttimer, TD – Minister of State at the Department of Transport with special responsibility for rural transport
ATC code A08
ATC code A08 Antiobesity preparations, excluding diet products is a therapeutic subgroup of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, a system of alphanumeric codes developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the classification of drugs and other medical products. Subgroup A08 is part of the anatomical group A Alimentary tract and metabolism.

Codes for veterinary use (ATCvet codes) can be created by placing the letter Q in front of the human ATC code: for example, QA08. ATCvet codes without corresponding human ATC codes are cited with the leading Q in the following list.National issues of the ATC classification may include additional codes not present in this list, which follows the WHO version.

ATC code A
ATC code A Alimentary tract and metabolism is a section of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, a system of alphanumeric codes developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the classification of drugs and other medical products.

Codes for veterinary use (ATCvet codes) can be created by placing the letter Q in front of the human ATC code: for example, QA. National issues of the ATC classification may include additional codes not present in this list, which follows the WHO version.
Coldwater Indian Band
Coldwater First Nation (Thompson: C'eletkwmx) is a Nlaka'pamux First Nations government located in the Central Interior region of the Canadian province of British Columbia. It is a member of the Scw’exmx Tribal Council, which are two of three tribal councils of the Nlaka'pamux people. Other Nlaka'pamux governments belong either to the Fraser Canyon Indian Administration or the Nlaka'pamux Nation Tribal Council.

The Coldwater First Nation reserve community and offices are located in the band's home community of Coldwater, formerly the site of the Coldwater Mission, near Merritt, the main urban centre in the Nicola Country region between the Lower Mainland and Kamloops.

Nlakaʼpamux Nation Tribal Council
The Nlaka'pamux Nation Tribal Council, formerly the Fraser Thompson Indian Services Society, is a First Nations government tribal council comprising bands in the Fraser Canyon and Thompson Canyon areas of the Canadian province of British Columbia. It is one of three tribal councils of the Nlaka'pamux people, the others being the Nicola Tribal Association and the Fraser Canyon Indian Administration.

Chief Matt Pasco is the tribal chair of the NPTC, having been selected in 2020. Pasco is the son of Grand Chief Bob Pasco who had held the position for almost 40 years.
Bobsleigh at the 1984 Winter Olympics – Four-man
The Men's four-man bobsleigh competition at the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo, Yugoslavia was held on 17 and 18 February, at the Sarajevo Olympic Bobsleigh and Luge Track on the mountain of Trebević. This was one of two bobsleigh events at these games.

The gold-winning pairing of Wolfgang Hoppe and Dietmar Schauerhammer from the two-man event, won their second golds as part of the four-man team. With every run, the best 3 runs were always the order of medallists.

Bobsleigh at the 1984 Winter Olympics
Bobsleigh at the 1984 Winter Olympics was held at the Olympic Bobsleigh and Luge Track on the mountain of Trebević between February 10–18, 1984.

This was the first time that Yugoslavia entered bobsleigh teams, and did so as hosts. Chinese Taipei also entered bob teams for the first time. The two events also saw the Swede, Carl-Erik Eriksson compete in the Games for the sixth time and the age of 53.

The German Democratic Republic dominated events and won Gold & Silver in both disciplines, with Wolfgang Hoppe and Dietmar Schauerhammer winning Golds in both events.
Georges Lentz
Georges Lentz is a contemporary composer and sound artist born in Luxembourg in 1965 and that country's internationally best known composer. Since 1990, he has been living in Sydney, Australia. Despite his relatively small output and his reclusiveness, he is also considered one of Australia's leading composers on the world stage. His music is inspired by the starry night sky in the Australian Outback and by Aboriginal art.

He is the creator of the Cobar Sound Chapel.

Luxembourg Philharmonic Orchestra
The Luxembourg Philharmonic Orchestra (Luxembourgish: Lëtzebuerger philharmoneschen Orchester, French: Orchestre philharmonique du Luxembourg), abbreviated to OPL, is a symphony orchestra based in Luxembourg City, Luxembourg. The orchestra formerly performed at the Grand Théâtre de la Ville de Luxembourg and the Conservatoire de Luxembourg. Its current home is the Philharmonie Luxembourg, a large concert hall opened in 2005 in the Kirchberg quarter in the northeast of the city.
Serine—glyoxylate transaminase
In enzymology, a serine-glyoxylate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.45) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

L-serine + glyoxylate  3-hydroxypyruvate + glycine

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-serine and glyoxylate, whereas its two products are 3-hydroxypyruvate and glycine.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically the transaminases, which transfer nitrogenous groups.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-serine:glyoxylate aminotransferase. This enzyme participates in glycine, serine and threonine metabolism.  It employs one cofactor, pyridoxal phosphate.

Transaminase
Transaminases or aminotransferases are enzymes that catalyze a transamination reaction between an amino acid and an α-keto acid. They are important in the synthesis of amino acids, which form proteins.

Two important transaminase enzymes, aspartate transaminase (AST), and alanine transaminase (ALT), are commonly used as indicators of liver and cardiac health.
Frederick Barnes (RAAF officer)
Air Vice Marshal Frederick William Barnes, AO, DFC, AFC (19 November 1924 – 4 August 2018) was an Australian pilot and senior Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) officer. Having flown in the Second World War and the Korea War, he rose to become Deputy Chief of the Air Staff (1979–1981).

For his service in Korea, Barnes was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC) and the United States Air Medal. In the 1979 Queen's Birthday Honours, he was appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia (AO) "in recognition of service as Air Officer Commanding Support Command".

Deputy Chief of Air Force (Australia)
Deputy Chief of Air Force (DCAF) is the second most senior appointment in the Royal Australian Air Force, responsible to the Chief of Air Force (CAF). Before 1997 the position was entitled Deputy Chief of the Air Staff (DCAS). The rank associated with the position is air vice marshal (two-star). DCAF acts as the manager of the Air Force Headquarters (AFHQ), which provides oversight of activities in the raising, training and sustaining of assigned RAAF capabilities. The position provides strategic leadership to the RAAF as a whole, as well as policy guidance in regard to Air Force activities to the rest of the Defence organisation and Government. The current Deputy Chief of Air Force is Air Vice Marshal Harvey Reynolds.