hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lois Fernandez
Lois Fernandez (1936 – August 13, 2017) was a political and cultural activist, best known for founding the Odunde Festival in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
The festival celebrates African and African-American heritage.  It has continued for more than forty years, expanding from one block long to a dozen, and drawing as many as 500,000 people to South Philadelphia.

Fernandez' contributions were publicly applauded in the 2000 Congressional record: proceedings and debates of the Congress by the Hon. Robert A. Brady.  She was publicly recognized during Women's History Month, March 2009, by the General Assembly of Pennsylvania.
Her memoir Recollections (part one) was published in 2016.

South Philadelphia
South Philadelphia, nicknamed South Philly, is the section of Philadelphia bounded by South Street to the north, the Delaware River to the east and south, and the Schuylkill River to the west. A diverse working-class community of many neighborhoods, South Philadelphia is well known for its large Italian-American population, though it also contains large Asian-American, Irish-American, African-American, and Latino populations.
Tuckermannopsis
Tuckermannopsis is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Parmeliaceae. The genus contains about twelve species of foliose (leafy) to somewhat fruticose (bushy) lichens with brownish or greenish thalli. Species in Tuckermannopsis are found primarily in temperate and boreal regions of the Northern Hemisphere, with centres of diversity in western North America and East Asia. Members of the genus are distinguished by their cetrarioid growth form, with reproductive structures largely restricted to the margins of the lobes, and the absence of usnic acid in their upper cortex.

Fruticose lichen
A fruticose lichen is a form of lichen fungi that is characterized by a coral-like shrubby or bushy growth structure. It is formed from a symbiotic relationship of a photobiont such as green algae or less commonly cyanobacteria and one, two or more mycobionts.  Fruticose lichens are not a monophyletic and holophyletic lineage, but are a form encountered in many classes.  Fruticose lichens have a complex vegetation structure, and are characterized by an ascending, bushy or pendulous appearance. As with other lichens, many fruticose lichens can endure high degrees of desiccation. They grow slowly and often occur in habitats such as on tree barks, on rock surfaces and on soils in the Arctic and mountain regions.
Igor Zhdanov
Igor Nikolaevich Zhdanov (Russian: Игорь Николаевич Жданов, Latvian: Igors Ždanovs; July 27, 1920, Cesvaine – December 25, 1996, Rīga) is a Latvian/Soviet chess master who won the Latvian Chess Championship in 1943.

Latvian Chess Championship
The Latvian Chess Championship (Latvian: Latvijas Šaha čempionāts) is the annual national chess tournament of Latvia among men and women players, which was established in 1924. It is organized by the Latvian Chess Federation (Latvian: Latvijas Šaha federācija), previously - Latvian Chess Union (Latvian: Latvijas Šaha savienība).
Spirit Circle
Spirit Circle (Japanese: スピリットサークル, Hepburn: Supiritto Sākuru) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Satoshi Mizukami. It was serialized in Shōnen Gahōsha's seinen manga magazine Young King OURs from May 2012 to March 2016, with its chapters collected in six tankōbon volumes. The manga received a digital simultaneous publication release in English by Crunchyroll Manga, while Seven Seas Entertainment later licensed the series for a print release.

By 2022, Spirit Circle had sold 250,000 physical copies.

Crunchyroll Manga
Crunchyroll Manga is a premium digital manga service from Crunchyroll, LLC offering a vast library of officially licensed manga to readers in the United States and Canada via an ad-free mobile app on iOS and Android. The service's current iteration launched on October 9, 2025, significantly expanding upon its original form, which began distribution on October 30, 2013. Crunchyroll Manga launched with the goal of making manga even more accessible by bringing hundreds of titles from numerous leading publishers onto a single platform. Initial launch partners include AlphaPolis, COMPASS Manga, Square Enix, VIZ Media and Yen Press, with major additions like Shueisha and J-Novel Club planned to follow.
R439 road (Ireland)
The R439 road is a regional road in Ireland linking Birr with Banagher in County Offaly. The route is about 13 km (8 mi) in length.

The road begins with a junction on the N52 road at Emmet Square at the centre of Birr Town and continues northwards taking the following routes through the town; Green Street, Rosse Row, Model School Road, Eden Road & Cappaneale. The road continues northwards forming a crossroads junction with the R438 at Taylor's Cross. The road continues into Banagher as Birr Road & Main Street. The route terminates in Main Street at the junction with the R356.

R438 road (Ireland)
The R438 road is a regional road in Ireland linking the N62 road south of Cloghan, County Offaly with the N65 road two kilometers north of Borrisokane in  County Tipperary. The road is 30 km (19 mi) long.
Flag of Massachusetts
The flag of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts was adopted on March 18, 1908, and has only been changed once in 1971 with the removal of the reverse side. The flag features the coat of arms of the Commonwealth on a white field. The state currently has three official flags: a state flag, a governor's flag, and a "naval and maritime flag" (despite it no longer having its own naval militia).

With Florida, it is one of only two state flags to prominently feature a Native American. The flag of Minnesota also featured a Native American until 2024.

Pine Tree Flag
The Pine Tree Flag (or the An Appeal to Heaven Flag) was one of the flags used during the American Revolution. The flag, which featured a pine tree with the motto "An Appeal to Heaven", or less frequently "An Appeal to God", was used by a squadron of six schooners commissioned under George Washington's authority as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army beginning in October 1775.

The pine tree is a traditional symbol of New England. The phrase "appeal to heaven" appears in John Locke's Second Treatise on Government, where it is used to describe the right of revolution.

It is also used by liberty activists and enthusiasts of the American Revolution to commemorate the Pine Tree Riot, one of the first acts of resistance by the American colonists to British royal authority eventually culminating in the American Revolution.
The Fierce and the Dead
The Fierce and the Dead (often abbreviated as TFATD) are a rock band formed in London in 2010. Initially known for instrumental post-rock, stoner rock and progressive rock compositions, they began incorporating vocals with their 2023 album, News from the Invisible World. The band members are originally from Rushden, Northamptonshire. They have released four studio albums and three EPs, toured with Hawkwind and have appeared at festivals including Ramblin' Man Fair and ArcTanGent. They were nominated at the Progressive Music Awards, once in 2013 and twice in 2018. Guitar.com noted that they had "cultivated a large following by using both traditional and modern means".

Ramblin' Man Fair
Ramblin' Man Fair was a British Classic Rock festival, held annually at Mote Park in Maidstone, England, between 2015 and 2019. The festival featured many large acts including Scorpions, ZZ Top, Black Stone Cherry, Mott the Hoople, The Cult, Whitesnake, Gregg Allman, Y&T, Extreme, Rival Sons, Europe, Saxon, Steel Panther and Kyle Gass of Tenacious D.
Dhuleshwor
Dhuleshwor (Nepali: धुलेश्वर) is a religious site in Dailekh District in Karnali Province, Nepal. It is one of five places under the Panchkoshi, the five holy places of Dailekh. This site is located at Badalamji village of Dullu Municipality.

The ground under the temple generates dust. Scientists have studied it as a minor epicenter of a volcano, however religious faiths credit it with divine power. Dhuleshwor temple is known as the most important of Panchkoshi, among Padukasthan, Shirsthan, Nabhisthan and Kotilasthan.

Padukasthan
Padukasthan (Nepali: पादुकास्थान) is a Hindu religious site in Dailekh district of Karnali Province in Nepal. It is one of the five places under the Panchkoshi, the five holy places of Dailekh. This site is located at Dullu Municipality, former Padukasthan VDC. According to mythology, this place is named after Lord Shiva's wife, Satidevi's decayed feet; "Paduka" meaning feet and "sthan" meaning the place.

Even the inscription of the feet of Lord Bisnu was found here, so this place is also called as Bishnu Padukasthan. Previously, as Shirsthan and Nabhisthan, there used to be flame over water. However, a flame house is located here. On 2028 BS, a flood on Paduka bridge vandalized flame. On the bank, all the inscriptions, Statues, Pillars and other historical ruins. Some believe, this place has a source of Kerosene. Yogi Naraharinath published in his studies that there were more than 108 values.
1982 South African Open (tennis)
The 1982 South African Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts in Johannesburg, South Africa that was part of the 1982 Volvo Grand Prix. It was the 79th edition of the tournament and was held from 23 November through 28 November 1982. Vitas Gerulaitis won his second consecutive singles title at the event.

Vitas Gerulaitis
Vytautas "Vitas" Kevin Gerulaitis (July 26, 1954 – September 17, 1994) was an American professional tennis player. He was ranked world No. 3 in men's singles by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) in 1978. Gerulaitis won the men's singles title at the December 1977 Australian Open, and the men's doubles title at the 1975 Wimbledon Championships, partnering with Sandy Mayer. Gerulaitis also won two Italian Opens in 1977 and 1979, and the 1978 WCT Finals.
Coquille River (Normandin River tributary)
The Coquille River is a tributary of Nicabau Lake, flowing into the unorganized territory of Lac-Ashuapmushuan, Quebec, into the Regional County Municipality (RCM) of Le Domaine-du-Roy, in the administrative region of Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, in Quebec, in Canada.

This river crosses successively the cantons of Charron and Ducharme. This river is part of the Ashuapmushuan Wildlife Reserve. Forestry is the main economic activity of this valley; recreational tourism activities, second.

A secondary forest road (heading north-east) that connects to route 167 serves the upper part of the "Coquille River" valley passing north of Lake Liasse and South of "Coquille Lake". Route 167 between Chibougamau and Saint-Félicien, Quebec passes on the west side of the lower part of the river.

The surface of the Coquille River is usually frozen from early November to mid-May, however, safe ice circulation is generally from mid-November to mid-April.

Saint-Félicien, Quebec
Saint-Félicien (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ felisjɛ̃] ⓘ) is a city in the Canadian province of Quebec. The town is located within the Le Domaine-du-Roy Regional County Municipality in the Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean region. Its population as of 2021 is 10,089.
Barney's Hungry Cousin
Barney's Hungry Cousin is a 1953 MGM cartoon featuring Barney Bear. It is the 19th Barney Bear short. This cartoon is the first known mention of Jellystone National Park, which would go on to become the home of Hanna-Barbera's cartoon star Yogi Bear—who, like the title character in this short, has a penchant for stealing picnic baskets.

Barney Bear
Barney Bear is an American series of animated cartoon short subjects produced by MGM Cartoons. The title character is an anthropomorphic cartoon character, a sluggish, sleepy bear who often is in pursuit of nothing except for peace and quiet. 26 cartoons were produced between 1939 and 1954.
Adaptive behavior (ecology)
In behavioral ecology, adaptive behavior is any behavior that contributes directly or indirectly to an individual's reproductive success, and is thus subject to the forces of natural selection. Examples include favoring kin in altruistic behaviors, sexual selection of the most fit mate, and defending a territory or harem from rivals.

Conversely, non-adaptive behavior is any behavior that is counterproductive to an individual's survival or reproductive success. Examples might include altruistic behaviors which do not favor kin, adoption of unrelated young, and being a subordinate in a dominance hierarchy.

Adaptations are commonly defined as evolved solutions to recurrent environmental problems of survival and reproduction. Individual differences commonly arise through both heritable and non-heritable adaptive behavior. Both have been proven to be influential in the evolution of species' adaptive behaviors, although non-heritable adaptation remains a controversial subject.

Heredity
Heredity, also called inheritance or biological inheritance, is the passing on of traits from parents to their offspring; either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction, the offspring cells or organisms acquire the genetic information of their parents. Through heredity, variations between individuals can accumulate and cause species to evolve by natural selection. The study of heredity in biology is genetics.
Villeneuve-sur-Yonne
Villeneuve-sur-Yonne (French pronunciation: [vilnœv syʁ jɔn]) is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

It is surrounded by a partly intact wall, built during the 12th century, which was one of the 8 residences of the French kings.

Sens
Sens (French pronunciation: [sɑ̃s] ⓘ) is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France, 120 km southeast from Paris.

Sens is a sub-prefecture and the second largest city of the department, the sixth largest in the region. It is crossed by the Yonne and the Vanne, which empties into the Yonne here. At the last census of 2021, the municipality had 27,034 inhabitants. Its inhabitants are called les Senonese in French.

The city was rewarded with the distinction of Grand Prix et quatre fleurs in 2007 at Concours des villes et villages fleuris.
Lee Howey
Lee Matthew Howey (born 1 April 1969) is an English former footballer who played primarily as a defender. Howey began his career at Bishop Auckland, before moving to Sunderland where he spent the majority of his career. He later player for Burnley, Northampton Town, Forest Green Rovers and Nuneaton Borough.

Bishop Auckland F.C.
Bishop Auckland Football Club is a football club based in Bishop Auckland, County Durham, England. They are one of the most successful amateur sides, having won the FA Amateur Cup ten times and reached the final on a further eight occasions. Nicknamed 'The Bishops' or 'The Two Blues', they are rivals with West Auckland Town.

The club are currently members of the Northern Premier League Division One East and play at Heritage Park.
Asprocottus platycephalus
Asprocottus platycephalus is a species of ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. It was described by Dmitrii Nikolaevich Taliev in 1955, originally as a subspecies of Asprocottus herzensteini. It is a freshwater fish which is endemic to Lake Baikal, Russia. It is known to dwell at a depth range of 50–800 metres, most commonly between 250 and 460 m. Males can reach a maximum total length of 10.5 centimetres.

Herzenstein's rough sculpin
Herzenstein's rough sculpin (Asprocottus herzensteini) is a species of ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. These sculpins are endemic to Lake Baikal in Russia.  It was described by Lev Berg in 1906.  It dwells at a depth range of 22–887 metres, and is abundantly found below 60 m. Males can reach a maximum total length of 11.5 centimetres.
2019 Hawke's Bay Regional Council election
The 2019 Hawke's Bay Regional Council election was held on 12 October 2019 via postal vote as part of the wider 2019 New Zealand local elections to elect members to sub-national councils and boards. 9 regional councillors were elected using the first-past-the-post system.

2019 New Zealand local elections
The 2019 New Zealand local elections (Māori: Nga Pōtitanga ā-Rohe 2019) were triennial elections that were held from 20 September until 12 October 2019 to elect local mayors and councillors, regional councillors, and members of various other local government bodies.

All 11 of New Zealand's regions and all 67 cities and districts participated in the election.
Grudge Warriors
Grudge Warriors is a car combat video game released by Take-Two Interactive on April 27, 2000. The game retailed for the low price of $9.99, a response by Take-Two to the recent decision of Sony to drop PlayStation licensing fees. Similar to the earlier PlayStation title Twisted Metal, players control a powerful tank-like armored vehicle, which they used to destroy enemy vehicles, weapons, and generators, solve puzzles, and collect tokens to upgrade their weapons. There are a total of twenty-three missions, and the game allows two players to battle each other in split screen multiplayer.

Upon its release, Grudge Warriors was received unfavorably; critics bashed the game as having mediocre graphics, poor sounds, and botched gameplay. IGN and Gaming Age declared the game was not even worth the low price of ten dollars. Despite the overwhelmingly critical reception, there were a few points of the game that were praised, including the occasional puzzles during missions.

Twisted Metal
Twisted Metal is a series of vehicular combat video games originally developed by SingleTrac and published by Sony Interactive Entertainment. The series has appeared on the PlayStation, PlayStation 2, PlayStation Portable and PlayStation 3. As of October 31, 2000, the series had sold 5 million copies. Several of the games in the series were re-released as part of the Sony Greatest Hits program. The original game and its first sequel were also released for the PC.
Lennox and Addington (Province of Canada electoral district)
Lennox and Addington was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly of the Parliament of the Province of Canada, in Canada West (now Ontario). Based on the combined counties of Lennox and Addington, it was created in 1841, upon the establishment of the Province of Canada by the union of Upper Canada and Lower Canada.

Lennox and Addington was represented by one member in the Legislative Assembly.  It was abolished in 1867, upon the creation of Canada and the province of Ontario.

Parliament of the Province of Canada
The Parliament of the Province of Canada was the legislature for the Province of Canada, made up of the two regions of Canada West (formerly Upper Canada, later Ontario) and Canada East (formerly Lower Canada, later Quebec).
SS Norseman (1897)
SS Norseman was a British cargo liner that was torpedoed by the German submarine U-39 in the Mediterranean Sea off Thessaloniki, Greece on 22 January 1916. The vessel was en route from Plymouth, United Kingdom to Thessaloniki , while carrying a varied cargo including about 1,100 mules and munitions. Norseman was subsequently beached at Moudros, Greece, and declared a total loss. She was scrapped in situ in 1920.

SM U-39
SM U-39 was a German Type U 31 U-boat which operated in the Mediterranean Sea during World War I. It ended up being the second most successful U-boat participating in the war, sinking 149 merchant ships for a total of 404,774 GRT.

Its longest-serving captain was Kapitänleutnant Walther Forstmann, who was awarded the Pour le Mérite during command on U-39.

From January to mid-1917, Martin Niemöller served as U-39's coxswain. He is known as the author of the 1946 poem "First they came..."; as an enemy of the Third Reich, he was imprisoned from 1938 to 1945. In 1917 and 1918, Karl Dönitz served as watch officer on this boat. He later became Grand Admiral and Commander in Chief of the German Navy, and, for three weeks following Hitler's death, the head of the remnants of the Nazi government.
U.S. News & World Report Best Colleges Ranking
U.S. News & World Report Best Colleges Ranking is an annual set of rankings of colleges and universities in the United States, which was first published by U.S. News & World Report in 1983. It has been described as the most influential institutional ranking in the country.

The Best Colleges rankings have raised controversy, and they have been denounced by several education experts. Detractors argue that they rely on self-reported, sometimes fraudulent data by the institutions, encourage gamesmanship by institutions looking to improve their rank, imply a false precision by deriving an ordinal ranking from questionable data, contribute to the admissions frenzy by unduly highlighting prestige, and ignore individual fit by comparing institutions with widely diverging missions on the same scale.

False precision
False precision (also called overprecision, fake precision, misplaced precision, excess precision, and spurious precision) occurs when numerical data are presented in a manner that implies better precision than is justified; since precision is a limit to accuracy (in the ISO definition of accuracy), this often leads to overconfidence in the accuracy, named precision bias.
Edmond Adolphe de Rothschild
Baron Edmond Adolphe Maurice Jules Jacques de Rothschild or Baron Edmond de Rothschild (30 September 1926 – 2 November 1997) was a French-Swiss banker, the founder of the Edmond de Rothschild Group in 1953. His investments extended to vineyards, yacht racing, farming and hospitality.

Scion of the Rothschild banking family of France, he was the only son of Maurice and Noémie de Rothschild. He married Nadine Lhopitalier in 1963 with whom he had one child, Benjamin de Rothschild. He was reportedly the richest member of the Rothschild family until his death in 1997. He was the great-great-grandson of Sephardi-Jew of Portuguese descent Jacob Rodrigues Pereira.

Rothschild banking family of France
The Rothschild banking family of France (French: Famille banquière Rothschild) is the French branch of the Rothschild family. It was founded in 1812 by James Mayer de Rothschild (1792–1868) in Paris, which was then part of the First French Empire. He was sent there from his home in Frankfurt by his father, Mayer Amschel Rothschild (1744–1812). Wanting his sons to succeed on their own and to expand the family business across Europe, Mayer Amschel Rothschild had his eldest son remain in Frankfurt, while his four other sons were sent to different European cities to establish a financial institution to invest in business and provide banking services. Endogamy within the family was an essential part of the Rothschild strategy in order to ensure control of their wealth remained in family hands.
Paramasivan Fathima
Paramasivan Fathima is a  2025 Indian Tamil-language horror thriller film written, directed and produced by Esakki Karvannan under his Lakshmi Creations banner, starring Vimal and Chayadevi in the lead roles alongside M. S. Bhaskar, Cool Suresh, Sriranjani and others in supporting roles. The film was certified as "A" (adults only) by the Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC). Paramasivan Fathima released in theatres on 6 June 2025 to negative reviews from critics.

M. S. Bhaskar
Muthupettai Somu Bhaskar (born 13 September 1957)  is an Indian actor and dubbing artiste who appears in Tamil films. An theatre artist, debuted in the film  Thirumathi Oru Vegumathi (1987), and did several minor roles in the 1990s and got his major breakthrough in Engal Anna (2004). He is credited as one of the finest character artists in Tamil cinema.

In addition to acting, Bhaskar is an occasional playback singer as well. He is best known for his performances in the series Chinna Papa Periya Papa (2000), Selvi (2005) and Arasi (2007).

He won the Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Character Artiste for Mozhi (2007), the SIIMA Award for the Best Actor in a Supporting Role for 8 Thottakkal (2017), the Ananda Vikatan Cinema Award for Best Villain as well as National Film Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role for his performance in Parking (2023).