hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Muckshaw Ponds
Muckshaw Ponds is one of three limestone sinkhole ponds located in Fredon Township, New Jersey. During the Revolutionary War, the area was said to be the hideout of Lieutenant James Moody, a British Loyalist. Legend says that Moody and his gang hid precious gems and jewels in nearby caves, but were captured before they could retrieve them.

A historical placard that tells his tale is located at the Dennis Library in nearby Newton.

Fredon Township, New Jersey
Fredon Township (/ˈfriːdən/ FREE-dən) is a township in Sussex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 3,235, a decrease of 202 (−5.9%) from the 2010 census count of 3,437, which in turn reflected an increase of 577 (+20.2%) from the 2,860 counted in the 2000 census.

In 1800, Isaac V. Coursen named the Stillwater Township area "Coursen's Corners" after establishing a post office in his store, the Coursen House, but changed the name to Fredon Village before his death in 1855. Stillwater Township's Bicentennial Committee obtained information from the Postmaster General which "states that 'Fredon' is derived from the German word 'fredonia,' meaning place of freedom." Fredon Township was incorporated on February 24, 1904, from portions of Andover Township, Green Township, Hampton Township and Stillwater Township.
NYU Violets
NYU Violets is the nickname of the sports teams and other competitive teams at New York University. The school colors are purple and white. Although officially known as the Violets, the school mascot is a bobcat. The Violets compete as a member of NCAA Division III in the University Athletic Association conference. The university sponsors 23 varsity sports, as well as club teams and intramural sports.

NYU Violets men's basketball
The NYU Violets men's basketball team is the college basketball team that represents New York University, located in New York City.  The team currently competes in NCAA Division III as a member of the University Athletic Association.  NYU previously competed as an NCAA Division I program until 1971, when the team was disbanded due to a budget crisis.  The team was reinstated in 1983 as a Division III program.

NYU played in two NCAA Division I Final Fours (1945 and 1960). In the pre-poll, pre-tournament era, the 1934–35 team were retroactively selected as national championships by the Helms Athletic Foundation, and the Premo-Porretta Power Poll retroactively ranked the team as the top team that season. NYU has also had success in the Division III NCAA tournament, including a runner-up finish at the 1994 and 2024 tournament.
JP Smith (rugby union, born 1994)
JP Smith (born 30 March 1994) is a professional rugby union player who plays for the Seattle Seawolves in Major League Rugby (MLR) in the United States. He was born and raised in South Africa, but then moved to the United States and has played for the United States national rugby union team. His regular position is scrum-half, but he has played as a fly-half on occasion.

Bulls (rugby union)
The Bulls (known for sponsorship reasons as the Vodacom Bulls) are a South African professional rugby union team based in Pretoria. They play their home matches at Loftus Versfeld. They compete in the United Rugby Championship, having competed in the Super Rugby competition until 2020 and the domestic Currie Cup competition.

The side won the Super 14 in 2007, 2009 and 2010, placing them among the most successful teams in Super Rugby history with three titles. They were the most successful team of the Super 14 era (2006–10), winning three out of the five titles. They are the most successful South African team, and the only South African team to win a Super Rugby title.

Formerly known as Northern Transvaal the side has competed in the Currie Cup since 1937 before becoming the Bulls in 1997.
Old Stock Americans
Old Stock American (also known as Colonial Stock, Founding Stock, or Pioneer Stock) is a colloquial name for Americans who are descended from the original settlers of the Thirteen Colonies. Historically, Old Stock Americans have been mainly Protestants from Northwestern Europe whose ancestors emigrated to British America in the 17th and 18th centuries.

In the statistical terminology of the U.S. Census Bureau, Americans from the third-, fourth-, and fifth-generations are labelled "Old Stock" unless they are Afro-Americans, Asian Americans, or American Indians.

Irish Catholics
Irish Catholics (Irish: Caitlicigh na hÉireann) are an ethnoreligious group native to Ireland whose members are both Catholic and Irish. The diaspora and the descendants of Irish Catholics includes millions of Americans, Canadians and Australians. In countries like the United States, Canada and Australia, many Catholics descend from Irish immigrants/migrants who passed down their faith.
Semicassis labiata
Semicassis labiata, common name the helmet bonnet shell, is a species of large predatory sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc. This species is in the subfamily Cassinae, the "helmet shells" and "bonnet shells", which feed on sea urchins.

Cassidae
The Cassidae are a taxonomic family of medium-sized, large, and sometimes very large sea snails commonly called helmet snails or bonnet snails. These are marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Tonnoidea and the clade Littorinimorpha.

About 60 species comprise the family Cassidae; an example is Cypraecassis rufa.
Double line automatic signalling
Double Line Automatic Signalling is a form of railway signalling used on the majority of double line sections in New Zealand. Double Line Automatic Signalling uses track circuits to detect the presence of trains in sections broken up by intermediate signals. Usually there is an 'up' and a 'down' main line, and beyond station limits the lines are not bi-directionally signalled. DLAS is not designed for wrong-line running in emergency situations.

Application of railway signals
The application of railway signals on a rail layout is determined by various factors, principally the location of points of potential conflict, as well as the speed and frequency of trains and the movements they require to make.
Leptotheridium
Leptotheridium is an extinct genus of Palaeogene artiodactyl endemic to western Europe that lived from the Middle to Late Eocene. It was erected by the Swiss palaeontologist Hans Georg Stehlin in 1910 and contains the species L. lugeoni and L. traguloides. Its phylogenetic position is unclear, with researchers determining that it belonged to either the Anoplotheriidae (specifically the subfamily Dacrytheriinae) or the Xiphodontidae due to its dental and postcranial anatomy. The small-sized artiodactyl genus is unique from its close relatives in that it seemingly lacks the first lower premolars, weak selenodonty (crescent-like ridges) in its dentition, and has three-lobed canines. It is one of the earlier artiodactyl species to have appeared in the fossil record of Europe.

Omomyidae
Omomyidae is a group of early primates that radiated during the Eocene epoch between about 55 to 34 million years ago (mya). Fossil omomyids are found in North America, Europe & Asia, making it one of two groups of Eocene primates with a geographic distribution spanning holarctic continents, the other being the adapids (family Adapidae). Early representatives of the Omomyidae and Adapidae appear suddenly at the beginning of the Eocene (56 mya) in North America, Europe, and Asia, and are the earliest known crown primates.

Omomyids are generally as regarded as closely related to or within the Tarsiiformes, and thus most closely related to tarsiers among living primates.
2006 World Junior Championships in Athletics
The 2006 World Junior Championships in Athletics were the 2006 version of the World Junior Championships in Athletics. It was held from 15 August to 20 August at the Chaoyang Sports Centre in Beijing, the capital of the People's Republic of China.

The Championships were dominated by the host nation China, and Kenya. The United States showed a near complete domination in the relay events. Estonia won four gold medals; their first medals ever at the World Junior Championships.

World Athletics U20 Championships
The World Athletics U20 Championships is a biennial world championships for the sport of athletics organised by the World Athletics, contested by athletes in the under-20 athletics age category (19 years old or younger on 31 December in the year of the competition.

The competition was launched as the IAAF World Junior Championships in Athletics in 1986 and renamed to IAAF World U20 Championships in November 2015. The current name was adapted with the name change of the sports governing body in 2019.

Anneisha McLaughlin-Whilby is the most successful athlete at the championships, having won one gold and four silver in individual and relay sprinting events between 2000 and 2004. Chris Nelloms, Davidson Ezinwa and Dexter Lee share the position of most successful male athlete, at four medals each.
The Enchanted Pig
The Enchanted Pig (Romanian: Porcul cel fermecat) is a Romanian fairy tale, collected in Rumanische Märchen and also by Petre Ispirescu in Legende sau basmele românilor. Andrew Lang included it in The Red Fairy Book.

The tale is related to the international cycle of the Animal as Bridegroom or "The Search for the Lost Husband", wherein a human maiden marries a husband in animal form, breaks a prohibition and has to search for him. According to scholarship, the pig form of the enchanted husband is popular in Romania.

Gagauz people
The Gagauz (/ɡəˈɡɔːz/; Gagauz: Gagauzlar) are an Oghuz Turkic ethnic group native to southern Moldova (Gagauzia, Taraclia District, Basarabeasca District) and southwestern Ukraine (Budjak). Gagauz are mostly Eastern Orthodox Christians. The term Gagauz is also often used as a collective naming of Turkic people living in the Balkans, speaking the Gagauz language, which is separate from Balkan Gagauz Turkish.
Exhaustivity
In linguistics, exhaustivity is the phenomenon where a proposition can be strengthened with the negation of certain alternatives. For example, in response to the question "Which students got an A?", the utterance "Ava got an A" has an exhaustive interpretation when it conveys that no other students got an A. It has a non-exhaustive interpretation when it merely conveys that Ava was among the students who got an A.

Exhaustivity is a major topic in the linguistic subfields of semantics and pragmatics. Research on the topic aims to explain when and why expressions receive exhaustive interpretations. Particular factors include focus, disjunction, questions, and polarity items. A major theoretical issue is whether exhaustivity is a semantic entailment encoded in the grammar, a pragmatic implicature arising from Gricean social cognition, or some combination of the two.

Negation
In logic, negation, also called the logical not or logical complement, is an operation that takes a proposition  to another proposition "not ", written , ,  or . It is interpreted intuitively as being true when  is false, and false when  is true. For example, if  is "The dog runs", then "not " is "The dog does not run". An operand of a negation is called a negand or negatum.

Negation is a unary logical connective. It may furthermore be applied not only to propositions, but also to notions, truth values, or semantic values more generally. In classical logic, negation is normally identified with the truth function that takes truth to falsity (and vice versa). In intuitionistic logic, according to the Brouwer–Heyting–Kolmogorov interpretation, the negation of a proposition  is the proposition whose proofs are the refutations of .
Gaspra
Gaspra (Ukrainian: Гаспра; Russian: Гаспра; Crimean Tatar: Gaspra; from Greek ἄσπρα áspra, 'white'), officially transliterated Haspra, is a spa town, an urban-type settlement in Yalta Municipality in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. It is located on the Black Sea coast, west of Yalta, and is a popular holiday resort. Population: 10,310 (2014 Census).

Leo Tolstoy lived in Gaspra in 1901 and 1902. Nearby are the Swallow's Nest, a modern castle and Charax, Crimea a Roman fort.

The asteroid 951 Gaspra is named after the town.

Yalta Municipality
Yalta City Municipality (Russian: Ялтинский городской совет; Ukrainian: Ялтинська міська рада; Crimean Tatar: Yalta şeer şurası, Ялта шеэр шурасы), officially "the territory governed by the Yalta city council", also known as Greater Yalta (Russian: Большая Ялта) is one of the 25 regions of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, a territory recognized by a majority of countries as part of Ukraine but incorporated into Russia after Russia annexed Crimea in 2014.

It is a resort region, located at the southern shore of Crimea – one of the most famous recreational territories of the former Soviet Union. Population: 133,675 (2014 Census).
Jizzakh Region
Jizzakh Region is one of the regions of Uzbekistan. It is located in the center/east of the country. It borders Tajikistan to the south and south-east, Samarqand Region to the west, Navoiy Region to the north-west, Kazakhstan to the north, and Sirdaryo Region to the east. It covers an area of 21,210 km2. The population is 1,443,408 (2024 estimate) with 53% living in rural areas.

The regional capital is Jizzakh (pop. 212,689, 2024). Other major towns include Doʻstlik, Gagarin, Gʻallaorol, Paxtakor, and Dashtobod. Jizzakh Region was formerly a part of Sirdaryo Region but was given separate status in 1973.

Regions of Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan is divided into 12 regions (viloyatlar, singular – viloyat, viloyati in compound, e.g. Toshkent viloyati), 1 autonomous republic (respublika, respublikasi in compound, e.g. Qaraqalpaqstan Avtonom Respublikasi), and 1 independent city (shahar or shahri in compounds, e.g. Toshkent shahri).
Rahil Azam
Rahil Azam (born 25 September 1981) is an Indian actor and model, best known for his roles as Hatim in Hatim, Nakul in CID, JD in Tu Aashiqui, DSP Anubhav Singh in Maddam Sir, and Rahul/Ajinkya in Achanak 37 Saal Baad.

StarPlus
StarPlus is an Indian Hindi-language general entertainment pay television channel owned by JioStar, a joint venture between Reliance Industries, Viacom18 and Disney India. Its programming consists of family dramas, romantic comedies, youth-oriented reality shows, shows on crime and television films.
Pasyih
Pasyih, located at 25°28′54″N 92°17′18″E﻿ / ﻿25.4817°N 92.2882°E﻿ / 25.4817; 92.2882 is a village in Laskein C.D. Block near Jowai in the West Jaintia Hills district of Meghalaya state of India. Pasyih is a part of three contiguous villages:

A small settlement commonly known as Phra Mer (8th Mile), so called because of its distance from Jowai)

The village of Muthlong

The village of Pasyih.

Phra Mer is known for the coal deposits along (National Highway 44) that come from nearby coal mines. Pasyih and Muthlong lie away from the highway, en route to Mynso village and Shangpung/Garampani (Jowai-Garampani-Umrangso Road), respectively.

West Jaintia Hills district
West Jaintia Hills district (Pron: ˈʤeɪnˌtɪə) is an administrative District in the state of Meghalaya in India. The united district (Jaintia Hills District) was created on 22 February 1972 and occupied an area of 3819 km2. It had a population of 272,185 (as of 2011). The district is part of the Meghalaya subtropical forests eco-region. With the bifurcation of the erstwhile Jaintia Hills District into East and West Jaintia Hills Districts, West Jaintia Hills District came into existence on 31 July 2012 with its headquarters at Jowai. Jowai is the host of all the heads of important governmental offices and establishments, educational institutions, hospitals, banking institutions, etc.
USS Noxubee
USS Noxubee (AOG-56) was a Patapsco-class gasoline tanker acquired by the U.S. Navy for the task of transporting gasoline to warships in the fleet, and to remote Navy stations. She served in a commissioned status from 1945 to 1959, and 1965–1975. She was named for a river in Mississippi.

Noxubee was designed to replenish shore bases and ships. In addition she carried a limited quantity of light freight and provisions, and was capable of replenishing ships at sea. Although designated a gasoline tanker she frequently carried a split cargo of aviation gasoline, motor gasoline, diesel fuel, jet fuel, and Navy Special Fuel Oil.

Meritorious Unit Commendation
The Meritorious Unit Commendation (MUC; pronounced muck) is a mid-level unit award of the United States Armed Forces. The U.S. Army awards units the Army MUC for exceptionally meritorious conduct in performance of outstanding achievement or service in combat or non-combat, the U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps award units the Navy MUC for valorous or meritorious achievement or service in combat or non-combat, and the U.S. Coast Guard awards units the Coast Guard MUC for valorous or meritorious achievement or service not involving combat.
WEIU-TV
WEIU-TV (channel 51) is an educational independent television station licensed to Charleston, Illinois, United States. It is owned by Eastern Illinois University (EIU) alongside campus radio station WEIU (88.9 FM). The two stations share studios at Buzzard Hall on the EIU campus on 9th Street in Charleston; WEIU-TV's transmitter is located near Humboldt, Illinois.

From 1986 to 2025, WEIU-TV served as a secondary PBS member station for the Champaign–Springfield–Decatur market. As a member of PBS' Program Differentiation Plan (PDP), it aired 25% of the PBS network schedule.

Charleston, Illinois
Charleston is a city in and the county seat of Coles County, Illinois, United States. The population was 17,286, as of the 2020 census.  The city is home to Eastern Illinois University and has close ties with its neighbor, Mattoon. Both are principal cities of the Charleston–Mattoon Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle
The Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle (OMV) was a project developed by NASA in the 1980s, aiming to create a reusable, remotely controlled, free-flying vehicle capable of performing various on-orbit missions and services to support orbiting spacecraft.

Originally envisioned as a short-range robotic space tug for moving payloads in the vicinity of the Space Shuttle and Space Station, the OMV was part of NASA's 1984 Space Station Freedom plan, and was initially estimated at $400 million.

In 1984, NASA awarded three $1-million study contracts to Vought, Martin Marietta, and TRW. TRW secured the $205-million OMV phase B contract in June 1986. However, estimated costs had risen to $465 million by 1987, leading to the cancellation of further work on the project.

Space tug
A space tug is a type of spacecraft used to transfer spaceborne cargo from one orbit to another orbit with different energy characteristics. The term can include expendable upper stages or spacecraft that are not necessarily a part of their launch vehicle. However, it can also refer to a spacecraft that transports payload already in space to another location in outer space, such as in the Space Transportation System concept. An example would be moving a spacecraft from a low Earth orbit (LEO) to a higher-energy orbit like a geostationary transfer orbit, a lunar transfer, or an escape trajectory.

The term is often used to refer to reusable, space-based vehicles. Some previously proposed or built space tugs include the NASA 1970s STS proposal or the proposed Russian Parom, and has sometimes been used to refer to expendable upper stages, such as Fregat, Spaceflight Industries Sherpa, and the Inertial Upper Stage, when such stages are optional.
Jia Qu
Jia Qu (Chinese: 瞿佳; born 1955) is a Chinese professor of ophthalmology and optometry. He previously served as the principal of Wenzhou Medical University and a representative member of the 12th National People's Congress.

From 2002 to 2015, Qu served as the president of the Wenzhou Medical University.

12th National People's Congress
The 12th National People's Congress (NPC) was elected in national congressional conferences from October 2012 to February 2013 and was in session from 2013 to 2018. It succeeded the 11th National People's Congress.  It held five plenary sessions in this period, occurring around early March every year.  It was succeeded by the communing of the 13th National People's Congress.
2013 History 300
The 2013 History 300 was the tenth stock car race of the 2013 NASCAR Nationwide Series and the 32nd iteration of the event. The race was held on Saturday, May 25, 2013, in Concord, North Carolina at Charlotte Motor Speedway, a 1.5 miles (2.4 km) permanent quad-oval. The race took the scheduled 200 laps to complete. At race's end, Kyle Busch, driving for Joe Gibbs Racing, would dominate the race to win his 57th career NASCAR Nationwide Series win, his sixth of the season, and his second consecutive win. To fill out the podium, Kasey Kahne of JR Motorsports and Joey Logano of Penske Racing would finish second and third, respectively.

2013 NASCAR Nationwide Series
The 2013 NASCAR Nationwide Series was the 32nd season of the NASCAR Nationwide Series, the second national professional stock car racing series sanctioned by NASCAR in the United States. The season was contested over thirty-three races and started on February 23, 2013 at Daytona International Speedway, with the DRIVE4COPD 300, and ended on November 16 with the Ford EcoBoost 300 at Homestead–Miami Speedway. Austin Dillon of Richard Childress Racing won the Drivers' Championship, becoming the first driver in the three major NASCAR series to do so without recording a win. The No. 22 entry of Penske Racing won the Owners' Championship, while Ford won the Manufacturers' Championship.
Surf Life Saving Association of Wales
The Surf Life Saving Association of Wales (SLSAW) (formed 1969) is the national governing body of surf lifesaving in Wales. It is a voluntary, not-for-profit, registered charity organisation. Its goal is "to prevent the loss of life through drowning". The SLSAW organise regional and national competitions—such as the SLSA Wales Stillwater Leagues and the SLSA Wales Ocean Masters Championships – and select and manage the Wales squad for international events, including the Celtic Challenge Cup.

The International Life Saving Federation (ILS) Lifesaving World Championships was held jointly in Cardiff and Newquay, Cornwall in 1994. SLSA Wales became a member of ILS in 2016.

The SLSAW operates between Rhosneigr, Anglesey in North Wales, and Barry, Vale of Glamorgan, in South Wales. It has 29 affiliated voluntary lifeguard clubs and 3000 members (masters, seniors, juniors and nippers).

The Surf Life Saving Association of Wales was formed in Llantwit Major, Vale of Glamorgan.

Surf lifesaving
Surf lifesaving is a multifaceted social movement that comprises key aspects of voluntary lifeguard services and competitive surf sport. Originating in early 20th century Australia, the movement has expanded globally to other countries, including New Zealand, Ireland, South Africa, and the United Kingdom. Surf lifesavers in Australia are colloquially known as "Clubbies".