hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1983–1986 Kurdish rebellions in Iraq
The  1983–1986 Kurdish rebellions in Iraq occurred during the Iran–Iraq War as PUK and KDP Kurdish militias of Iraqi Kurdistan rebelled against Saddam Hussein as part of the Iraqi–Kurdish conflict, in an attempt to form an independent state. With Iraqi government forces occupied by the Iran-Iraq War, Kurdish Peshmerga (combining the forces of the KDP and PUK) succeeded in taking control of some enclaves, with Iranian logistic and sometimes military support. The initial rebellion resulted in stalemate by 1985.

The most violent phase of the conflict between the Kurds and Iraqi Ba'athist regime was the Al-Anfal Campaign of the Iraqi Army against the Kurdish minority, which took place between 1986–1988 and included the Halabja chemical attack. The Al-Anfal campaign ended in 1988 with an agreement of amnesty between the two belligerents. No permanent gains were made by the Kurds.

Patriotic Union of Kurdistan
The Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK; Kurdish: یەکێتیی نیشتمانیی کوردستان, romanized: Yekêtîy Nîştimanîy Kurdistan) is a centre-left regionalist political party active in Kurdistan Region and the disputed territories in Iraq.The PUK describes its goals as self-determination, human rights, democracy and peace for the Kurdish people of Kurdistan and Iraq. The PUK is currently under the leadership of Bafel Talabani. The PUK was founded in 1975 by Adel Murad, Jalal Talabani, Nawshirwan Mustafa, Fuad Masum, Ali Askari and Abdul Razaq Feyli Dawood Mohammed Ali. All presidents of Iraq under the 2005 constitution have been from this party.
Entertainment Ki Raat Housefull
Entertainment Ki Raat Housefull (transl. Entertainment Night Housefull) is an Indian reality game show on  Colors TV. It premiered on 15 April 2023 to 23 May 2023. It stars Punit Pathak, Haarsh Limbachiyaa, Rubina Dilaik and Gaurav Dubey in main roles.

Punit Pathak
Punit Jayesh Pathak (born 1 November 1986) is an Indian dancer, choreographer, and actor.

In 2019, he participated in Colors TV's reality and stunt series Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 9 and emerged as the winner.
Volcanology
Volcanology (also spelled vulcanology) is the study of volcanoes, lava, magma and related geological, geophysical and geochemical phenomena (volcanism).   The term volcanology is derived from the Latin word vulcan.  Vulcan was the ancient Roman god of fire.

A volcanologist is a geologist who studies the eruptive activity and formation of volcanoes and their current and historic eruptions. Volcanologists frequently visit volcanoes, especially active ones, to observe volcanic eruptions, collect eruptive products including tephra (such as ash or pumice), rock and lava samples. One major focus of enquiry is the prediction of eruptions; there is currently no accurate way to do this, but predicting or forecasting eruptions, like predicting earthquakes, could save many lives.

Volcanism
Volcanism, vulcanism, volcanicity, or volcanic activity is the phenomenon where solids, liquids, gases, and their mixtures erupt to the surface of a solid-surface astronomical body such as a planet or a moon. It is caused by the presence of a heat source, usually internally generated, inside the body; the heat is generated by various processes, such as radioactive decay or tidal heating. This heat partially melts solid material in the body or turns material into gas. The mobilized material rises through the body's interior and may break through the solid surface.
Winter Is Coming (2020)
The 2020 Winter Is Coming was the inaugural Winter Is Coming professional wrestling television special produced by All Elite Wrestling (AEW). The event took place on December 2, 2020, at Daily's Place in Jacksonville, Florida. It was broadcast on TNT as a special episode of AEW's weekly television program, Wednesday Night Dynamite.

Five matches were contested at the event. In the main event, Kenny Omega defeated Jon Moxley to win the AEW World Championship. In other prominent matches, Chris Jericho defeated Frankie Kazarian and AEW TNT Champion Darby Allin and Cody Rhodes defeated Team Taz (Ricky Starks and Powerhouse Hobbs).

The event is notable for the debut of former World Championship Wrestling (WCW) legend Sting in AEW, which was his first appearance on TNT in over 19 years since he defeated Ric Flair on the final episode of WCW Monday Nitro.

Daily's Place
Daily's Place is an amphitheater in Downtown Jacksonville, Florida. The venue is connected to the south end of EverBank Stadium and shares space with a "flex field" indoor practice facility for the Jacksonville Jaguars. It opened in May 2017 and seats 5,500 spectators. Since 2019, the amphitheater has become nationally known as the home venue for the U.S. professional wrestling promotion All Elite Wrestling (AEW).

Naming rights were secured by Daily's, a local convenience store chain.
New Zealand Young Nationals
The New Zealand Young Nationals, more commonly called the Young Nats, is the youth wing of the National Party, a centre-right political party in New Zealand, and a member of the International Young Democrat Union.

New Zealand Young Labour
Young Labour (Māori: Te Rangatahi Reipa) is the combined youth wing and student wing of the New Zealand Labour Party. It hosts an annual conference and holds a range of additional national events, including fringe sessions at the Labour Party's annual conference. All Labour Party members aged between 15 and 29 years old are members of Young Labour.
Nocturne (2020 film)
Nocturne is a 2020 American supernatural horror drama film written and directed by Zu Quirke. The film stars Sydney Sweeney, Madison Iseman, Jacques Colimon and Ivan Shaw. Jason Blum serves as a producer under his Blumhouse Television banner.

It was released on October 13, 2020, by Amazon Studios, as the fourth installment in the anthological Welcome to the Blumhouse film series.

Welcome to the Blumhouse
Welcome to the Blumhouse is a film series consisting of theme-related anthological horror stories, developed and produced by Blumhouse Productions for Prime Video as Amazon Prime Originals. Announced as an ongoing collaboration between the companies, the films include "distinctive vision[s] and unique perspective[s] on common themes". The first four incorporate "family and love as redemptive or destructive forces", while the next four releases center around "institutional horrors and personal phobias."

The first four films in the anthology series were advertised and streamable as double features; the first two films on October 6, followed by the next two installments on October 13, 2020. The series continued in 2021, with two movies released on October 1, and the next two released on October 8.
Ekkehard Grübler
Ekkehard Grübler (29 January 1928 – 25 February 2012) was a German scenic designer, costume designer and professor at the Academy of Fine Arts, Munich, from 1977 to 1993. He was the scenic designer for the world premieres of Henze's Il re cervo in 1963 and of Volker David Kirchner's Gilgamesh in 2000.

König Hirsch
König Hirsch (in English, The Stag King) is an opera in three acts by Hans Werner Henze to a German libretto by Heinz von Cramer after Il re cervo, a theatrical fable (1762) by Carlo Gozzi. He revised it as Il re cervo, premiered in 1963 at the Staatstheater Kassel.
Annaba
Annaba (Arabic: عنابة, lit. 'place of the Jujubes'), formerly known as Hippone, Bona and Bône, is a seaport city in the northeastern corner of Algeria, close to the border with Tunisia. Annaba is near the small Seybouse River and is in Annaba Province. With a population of about 263,650 (2019) and 1,000,000 for the metropolitan area, Annaba is the third-largest city and the leading industrial center in Algeria.

Annaba is a coastal city that underwent significant growth during the 20th century. Annaba has a metropolitan area with a higher population density than the other metropolitan areas of the Algerian coastline, such as Oran and Algiers. Much of eastern and southern Algeria uses the services, equipment and infrastructure of Annaba. Economically, it is the centre for various economic activities, such as industry, transportation, finance, and tourism.

Jujube
Jujube (UK /ˈdʒuːdʒuːb/; US /ˈdʒudʒub/ or /ˈdʒudʒəbiː/), sometimes jujuba, scientific name Ziziphus jujuba, and also called red date, Chinese date, and Chinese jujube, is a species in the genus Ziziphus in the buckthorn family Rhamnaceae. It is often confused with the closely related Indian jujube, Z. mauritiana. The jujube tolerates a diverse range of climates, from temperate to tropical. Its origin is thought to be in eastern Asia, but it has been widely dispersed through cultivation, and is today cultivated in gardens as a shrub as well as in agriculture as a food crop. Its fruit is eaten freshly harvested as well as dried and candied.
Nico Beyer
Nico Beyer (born 15 June 1964) is a German film director and producer. He is noted for his unique visual style and wide array of different techniques and formats.

His commercial work has won him numerous, international awards, such as gold and silver Lions in Cannes, Clio Awards, Cresta International Advertising Awards, ADC, LIA, CICLOPE, D&AD, New York Festivals, Eurobest, Red Dot Awards, among many others.

Beyer is well known for his video collaborations with the Pet Shop Boys, The Verve, They Might Be Giants and Suzanne Vega, as well as for his award-winning advertising campaigns.

Suzanne Vega
Suzanne Nadine Vega (née Peck; born July 11, 1959) is an American singer-songwriter of folk-inspired music. Vega's music career spans 40 years. In the mid-1980s and 1990s, she released four singles that entered the Top 40 on the UK singles chart, "Marlene on the Wall", "Left of Center", "Luka" and "No Cheap Thrill".

"Tom's Diner", which was originally released as an a cappella recording on Vega's second studio album, Solitude Standing (1987), was remixed in 1990 as a dance track by English electronic music producers DNA with her vocals, and it became a Top 10 hit in five countries. The original a cappella recording of the song was used as a test during the creation of the MP3 format. The role of her song in the development of the MP3 compression prompted Vega to be given the title of "The Mother of the MP3".

Vega has released ten studio albums; her most recent release is the studio album Flying with Angels, released on May 2, 2025 by Cooking Vinyl.
Russian Fascist Party
The All-Russian Fascist Party (Russian: Всероссийская фашистская партия, romanized: Vserossiyskaya fashistskaya partiya Russian: ВФП, romanized: VFP) and from 1937 onwards the Russian Fascist Union (Russian: Российский фашистский союз, romanized: Rossiyskiy fashistskiy soyuz) was a minor Russian émigré movement that was based in Manchukuo during the 1930s and 1940s.

Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact
The Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact (日ソ中立条約, Nisso Chūritsu Jōyaku), also known as the Japanese–Soviet Non-aggression Pact (日ソ不可侵条約, Nisso Fukashin Jōyaku), was a non-aggression pact between the Soviet Union and the Empire of Japan signed on April 13, 1941, two years after the conclusion of the Soviet-Japanese Border War. The agreement meant that for most of World War II, the two nations fought against each other's allies but not against each other. In 1945, late in the war, the Soviets scrapped the pact and joined the Allied campaign against Japan.
Salud Algabre
Salud Algabre (born 1896 – 2 May 1979)  also known as Henerala Salud, was a Filipina revolutionary who fought for the country's independence from American occupation and for peasant rights, such as the equal distribution of land back to them. She was a leader of the Sakdal movement.

Algabre was born in 1896 to an upper-class family in Laguna. Her father was Maximo Algabre, a landowner from Cabuyao, and her mother was Justina Tirones, a seamstress. Only six survived out of her nine siblings.

Sakdalista
The Sakdalista movement was founded by the writer Benigno Ramos in 1930. The name of the movement is derived from the Tagalog word "Sakdal", which means "to accuse" and a nod to the J'Accuse…! editorial of the French novelist Émile Zola. The movement's platform was centered upon immediate independence, estate redistribution, taxation reductions, and greater governmental transparency. The movement lasted until 1935, when the Sakdalista leaders organized an active uprising that quickly failed, causing the party to dissolve. The movement is estimated to have had 20,000 formal members that influenced hundreds of thousands of Filipinos in the early 1930s.
Goa liberation movement
The Goa liberation movement was a movement which fought to end Portuguese colonial rule in Goa, Portuguese India. The movement built on the small scale revolts and uprisings of the 19th century, and grew powerful during the period 1940–1961. The movement was conducted both inside and outside Goa, and was characterised by a range of tactics including nonviolent demonstrations, revolutionary methods and diplomatic efforts. However, Portuguese control of its Indian colonies ended only when India invaded and annexed Goa in 1961, causing a mixture of worldwide acclaim and condemnation, and incorporated the territories into India.

Conspiracy of the Pintos
Conspiracy of the Pintos, also known as the Pinto Revolt or the Pinto Conspiracy, and in Portuguese as Conjuração dos Pintos, was a rebellion against the Portuguese rule in Portuguese Goa in 1787. The leaders of the plot were three prominent priests from the village of Candolim in the concelho of Bardes, Goa. The highest-ranked leaders belonged to the Pinto clan of Candolim, hence the name of the rebellion.
The Pintos were a Goan noble family and later vassals of Peshwa Baji Rao II in the Maratha Confederacy. They were one of the wealthiest and noblest families in Goa during the 18th century.
Vladimir Voevodsky
Vladimir Alexandrovich Voevodsky (/vɔɪɛˈvɒdski/, Russian: Влади́мир Алекса́ндрович Воево́дский; 4 June 1966 – 30 September 2017) was a Russian-American mathematician. His work in developing a homotopy theory for algebraic varieties and formulating motivic cohomology led to the award of a Fields Medal in 2002. He is also known for the proof of the Milnor conjecture and motivic Bloch–Kato conjectures and for the univalent foundations of mathematics and homotopy type theory.

Homotopy theory
In mathematics, homotopy theory is a systematic study of situations in which maps can come with homotopies between them. It originated as a topic in algebraic topology, but nowadays is learned as an independent discipline.
Hafız Mehmet
Hafız Mehmet (1874 – 13 July 1926) was a Turkish politician and the acting Minister of Justice for the Republic of Turkey.  While serving as a deputy in Trabzon, he was a witness to the Armenian genocide. His testimony of the event is considered by genocide scholar Vahakn Dadrian as one of the "rarest corroborations of the fact of the complicity of governmental officials in the organization of the mass murder of Armenians". He was sentenced to death after the İzmir trials of 1926, charged with attempting to assassinate Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.

Vahakn Dadrian
Vahakn Norair Dadrian (Armenian: Վահագն Տատրեան; 26 May 1926 – 2 August 2019) was an Armenian-American sociologist and historian, born in Turkey, professor of sociology, historian, and an expert on the Armenian genocide.
Mississippi Gambler (film)
Mississippi Gambler is a 1942 American crime film directed by John Rawlins and written by Al Martin and Roy Chanslor. The film stars Kent Taylor, Frances Langford, John Litel, Shemp Howard, Claire Dodd and Wade Boteler. The film was released on April 17, 1942, by Universal Pictures.

Kent Taylor
Kent Taylor (born Louis William Weiss; May 11, 1906 – April 11, 1987) was an American actor of film and television. Taylor appeared in more than 110 films, the bulk of them B-movies in the 1930s and 1940s, although he also had roles in more prestigious studio releases, including Merrily We Go to Hell (1932), I'm No Angel (1933), Cradle Song (1933), Death Takes a Holiday (1934), Payment on Demand (1951), and Track the Man Down (1955).  He had the lead role in Half Past Midnight in 1948, among a few others.
Experimental Breeder Reactor I
Experimental Breeder Reactor I (EBR-I) is a decommissioned research reactor and U.S. National Historic Landmark located in the desert about 18 miles (29 km) southeast of Arco, Idaho. It was the world's first breeder reactor.  At 1:50 p.m. on December 20, 1951, it became one of the world's first electricity-generating nuclear power plants when it produced sufficient electricity to illuminate four 200-watt light bulbs. EBR-I soon generated sufficient electricity to power its building and the town of Arco, and continued to be used for experimental research until it was decommissioned in 1964.  The museum is open for visitors from Memorial Day weekend through Labor Day weekend.

Arco, Idaho
Arco is a city in Butte County, Idaho, United States. The population was 879 as of the 2020 United States census, down from 995 at the 2010 census. Arco is the county seat and largest city in Butte County.
Martin Frisch
Martin Frisch (November 22, 1899 – June 16, 1959) was a Hungarian/American mechanical engineer, director of Foster Wheeler Corporation in New York City, and inventor. He is known for his contributions to the "development of modern practices in fuel pulverizing and steam generation.", and as recipient of the 1958 ASME Medal

ASME Medal
The ASME Medal, created in 1920, is the highest award bestowed by the ASME (founded as the American Society of Mechanical Engineers) Board of Governors for "eminently distinguished engineering achievement". The award has been presented every year since 1996 (first medalist was awarded in 1921), and it consists of a $15,000 honorarium, a certificate, a travel supplement not to exceed $750, and a gold medal inscribed with the words, "What is not yet, may be".

ASME also gives out a number of other awards yearly, including the Edwin F. Church Medal, the Holley medal, and the Soichiro Honda medal.
Aqarib
Aqarib (Arabic: عقارب), also known as Aqarib al-Safiyah (Arabic: عقارب الصافية), is a village in central Syria, administratively part of the Salamiyah District of the Hama Governorate. It is located 45 kilometres (28 mi) east of Hama and 17 kilometers (11 mi) east of Salamiyah, on the margin of the Syrian Desert. Nearby localities include Salamiyah and Tell al-Tut to the southwest, Uqayribat to the southeast and Sabburah to the north. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, Aqarib had a population of 3,830 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Ismailis.

Tell al-Tut
Tell al-Tut (Arabic: تل التوت)  is a village in central Syria, administratively part of the Barri Sharqi Subdistrict of the Salamiyah District of the Hama Governorate. It is located 45 kilometers (28 mi) east of Hama and 10 kilometers (6.2 mi) east of Salamiyah. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Tell al-Tut had a population of 1,923 in the 2004 census. The population is religiously mixed  and includes an Ismaili community.
Robert Huggins
Robert Alan Huggins is Professor Emeritus at the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at the School of Engineering at Stanford University and Honorary Professor at the University of Kiel and the University of Ulm. He was previously Chief Scientist at the Center for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research in Ulm.
The International Society for Solid State Ionics (ISSI) held a  symposium in his honor in 2009, in recognition of his work on fundamental properties and behavior of materials, solid state ionic probing techniques, catalytic behavior at gas–solid interfaces, and the development of electrodes for Lithium Ion batteries.

University of Ulm
Ulm University (German: Universität Ulm) is a public university in Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The university was founded in 1967 and focuses on natural sciences, medicine, engineering sciences, mathematics, economics and computer science. With 9,891 students (summer semester 2018), it is one of the youngest public universities in Germany. The campus of the university is located north of the city on a hill called Oberer Eselsberg, while the university hospital has additional sites across the city.
Nathaniel (horse)
Nathaniel (foaled 24 April 2008) is an Irish-bred British-trained Thoroughbred racehorse. Nathaniel failed to win in two races as a two-year-old but attracted attention by running Frankel to half a length at Newmarket. At three he recorded his first major win in the King Edward VII Stakes at Royal Ascot and then won Britain's most prestigious all-aged race, the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes over the same course and distance. Nathaniel returned in 2012 to win the Eclipse Stakes on his seasonal debut. Although he failed to win again he was placed in the King George, the Irish Champion Stakes and the Champion Stakes before being retired at the end of the year. During his racing career he earned £1,464,688. He made an immediate impact as a breeding stallion, siring the champion filly Enable in his first season at stud.

Irish Champion Stakes
The Irish Champion Stakes (Irish: Curadh-Dhuais na hÉireann) is a Group 1 flat horse race in Ireland open to horses aged three years or older. It is run at Leopardstown over a distance of 1 mile and 2 furlongs (2,012 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in September.
Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2022 Q1)
The following is a timeline of the presidency of Joe Biden during the first quarter of 2022, from January 1 to March 31, 2022. For a complete itinerary of his travels, see List of presidential trips made by Joe Biden (2022). To navigate between quarters, see timeline of the Joe Biden presidency. For the Q2 timeline see timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2022 Q2).

Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2022 Q2)
The following is a timeline of the presidency of Joe Biden during the second quarter of 2022, from April 1 to June 30, 2022. For a complete itinerary of his travels, see List of presidential trips made by Joe Biden (2022). To navigate between quarters, see timeline of the Joe Biden presidency. For the Q3 timeline see timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2022 Q3).
Commonwealth Railways NT class
The NT class were a class of diesel-electric locomotives built between 1965 and 1968 by Tulloch Limited, Rhodes for the Commonwealth Railways. They saw service on the Central Australia Railway and North Australia Railway, and on the Port Lincoln Division of Australian National.

North Australia Railway
The North Australia Railway was a 509 km (316 mi) 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) narrow gauge railway in the Northern Territory of Australia which ran from the territory capital of Darwin, once known as Palmerston, to Birdum, just south of Larrimah. Initially its name was the Palmerston and Pine Creek Railway. The first section was opened 1889, the last in 1929. The railway closed in 1976.
Joseph C. Szabo
Joseph C. Szabo (born December 26, 1957) is a former government official who was the twelfth Federal Railroad Administrator of the United States. Nominated by President Barack Obama on March 20, 2009, he was confirmed by the United States Senate on April 29, 2009. Safety was the top priority of his administration. He stepped down from the position on January 9, 2015 and Sarah Feinberg became the Acting Administrator on January 12, 2015, and subsequently the permanent Administrator.

Sarah Feinberg
Sarah Elizabeth Feinberg (born October 3, 1977) is an American civic employee who previously served as the Interim President of the New York City Transit Authority from 2020 to 2021, and a former Administrator of the Federal Railroad Administration. She was nominated for the role of MTA Chairperson but was ultimately not selected for the position. Her background is mostly in communications.