hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Präsident
The Präsident was an automobile manufactured by the Nesselsdorfer Wagenbau-Fabriks-Gesellschaft (Nesselsdorf or NW), since 1919 Tatra, in 1897. It was the first practical, factory-produced petrol engine automobile built in Central and Eastern Europe (Siegfried Marcus's earlier cars were experimental and not practical). It was constructed by Leopold Sviták and Hans Ledwinka. The automobile was more of a carriage without horses than a car in modern sense. The car is steered via handlebars (while most of the cars of the era had a tiller). The wooden bodywork is placed on an iron frame. It has four seats and a convertible top that would cover only the rear seats. Both axles have suspension of semi-elliptical leaf springs. The wheels were similar to the ones of a horse carriage, but had rubber tyres. The car had a two cylinder spark ignition Benz engine placed by the rear axle.

Carl Benz
Carl (or Karl) Friedrich Benz (German: [kaʁl ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈbɛnts] ⓘ; born Karl Friedrich Michael Vaillant; 25 November 1844 – 4 April 1929) was a German engine designer and automotive engineer. His Benz Patent-Motorwagen from 1885 is considered the first practical, modern automobile and the first car to be put into series production. He received a patent for the motorcar in 1886, the same year he first publicly drove the Benz Patent-Motorwagen.

His company Benz & Cie., based in Mannheim, was the world's first automobile plant and largest of its day. In 1926, it merged with Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft to form Daimler-Benz, which produces the Mercedes-Benz among other brands.

For his achievements, Benz is widely regarded as "the father of the car", and as the "father of the automobile industry".
Osmania College Ground
Osmania College Ground is a sports venue located in Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh. The ground also has reasonable sports facilities in the form a football/cricket ground, an outdoor basketball court with lighting facility, a tennis court, volleyball court and a Table Tennis room. The ground has hosted aRanji Trophy match in 1972 when Andhra cricket team played against Kerala cricket team as match ended in a drawn. The ground is owned and managed by Osmania College.

Kurnool
Kurnool is a city in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. It formerly served as the capital of Andhra State (1953–1956). The city is often referred to as "The Gateway of Rayalaseema". Kurnool is also famous for Diamond hunting as diamonds can be found in the barren land of Kurnool after the top layers of soil are washed away by the monsoon rains. It also serves as the district headquarters of its Kurnool district. As of 2011 census, it is the fifth most populous city in the state with a population of 425,214. It is located on the banks of the Tungabhadra river. Although the area has been inhabited for thousands of years, modern Kurnool was founded in the 16th century CE with the construction of the Konda Reddy Fort.
2011 Mercury Insurance Open
The 2011 Mercury Insurance Open was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It is the 2nd edition of the Southern California Open since the tournament left the tour in 2007. It is classified as one of the WTA Premier tournaments of the 2011 WTA Tour. It takes place in Carlsbad, California, United States. Petra Kvitova and Kim Clijsters withdrew due to injuries. Third-seeded Agnieszka Radwańska won the singles title.

San Diego Open (tennis)
The San Diego Open is an annual professional tennis tournament on the ATP Challenger Tour and ITF Womens Circuit, held in San Diego, California. The tournament was founded in 1971. It is held at the Barnes Tennis Center. In 2025 it returned as an ATP Challenger 100 event when the WTA 500 event was cancelled. In 2026 it was also an ITF W100 tournament.
2025 Tour of Guangxi
The 2025 Cotti Coffee Tour of Guangxi was a road cycling stage race that took place between 14 and 19 October 2025 in the Chinese province of Guangxi. It was the 6th edition of the Tour of Guangxi and the thirty-sixth and final event of the 2025 UCI World Tour.

Tour of Guangxi
The Tour of Guangxi (officially known as the GREE-Tour of Guangxi for sponsorship purposes) is an annual professional cycling race held in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.

The men's race is a stage race and is part of the UCI World Tour. The women's race is a one-day race and is part of the UCI Women's World Tour. The event passes through a mix of metropolitan areas and countryside scenery.

First held in 2017, the men's race is the second UCI World Tour race to be held in China, following the Tour of Beijing which was held between 2011 and 2014. The women's race was first held in 2017, and joined the UCI Women's World Tour in 2018 - becoming the second event on the calendar held in China after Tour of Chongming Island.
Squidgygate
Squidgygate or Dianagate refers to the controversy over pre-1990 telephone conversations between Diana, Princess of Wales, and her lover, James Gilbey (heir to Gilbey's Gin), which were published by The Sun newspaper.

In 1992, The Sun publicly revealed the recording's existence in an article titled "Squidgygate" (the "-gate" suffix being a reference for a scandal). During the calls, Gilbey affectionately called Diana by the names "Squidgy" and "Squidge". In the conversation, the Princess of Wales likens her situation to that of a character in the popular British soap opera EastEnders, and expresses concern that she might be pregnant and there is discussion of abortion. The publication of the tapes faced media attention which surrounded Diana's separation, and eventual divorce.

Andrew Morton (writer)
Andrew David Morton (born 1953) is an English journalist and writer who has published biographies of royal figures such as Diana, Princess of Wales, and celebrity subjects including Tom Cruise, Madonna, Angelina Jolie and Monica Lewinsky; several of his books have been unauthorised and contain contested assertions.
Seventh Avenue Line (Manhattan surface)
The Seventh Avenue Line is a surface public transit line in Manhattan, New York City, United States, connecting Lower Manhattan with Central Park along Seventh Avenue. Once a streetcar line, it is now part of the southbound direction of the M10 and M20 bus routes.

Bleecker Street Line
The Bleecker Street Line was a public transit line in Manhattan, New York City, United States, running mostly along Bleecker Street, Crosby Street, and Lafayette Street from the West 14th Street Ferry in Chelsea to the Fulton Ferry in the Financial District. It was the last horse car line in New York City, and was not replaced with a trolley line or bus route when it was abandoned in 1917.
Memduh Tağmaç
Memduh Tağmaç (1904, Erzurum – 30 March 1978) was a Turkish general. He was the 14th Chief of the General Staff of Turkey during the 1971 Turkish coup d'état, and previously Commander of the Turkish Army (1968-1969) and Commander of the First Army of Turkey (1966-1968).

Chief of the Turkish General Staff
The Chief of the General Staff of the Turkish Armed Forces (Turkish: Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri Genelkurmay Başkanı) is the chief of the General Staff of the Turkish Armed Forces (Turkish: Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri). He is appointed by the President of Turkey, who is the commander-in-chief. The position dates to the period of the Government of the Grand National Assembly and the Turkish War of Independence. The post has its own rank insignia, which is the OF-9 (full General or Admiral of the Turkish Armed Forces) rank of the Chief of Staff's personal service branch surrounded by laurel wreaths. In practice, the position has always been held by a Turkish Land Forces officer.

The current Chief of the General Staff is General Selçuk Bayraktaroğlu, since 5 August 2025.
Nairobi fly
Nairobi fly (also sometimes  "Nairobi Eye") is the common name for two species of rove beetle in the genus Paederus, native to East Africa originating from Tanzania. The beetles contain a corrosive substance known as pederin, which can cause chemical burns if it comes into contact with skin. Because of these burns, the Nairobi fly is sometimes referred to as a "dragon bug."

Paederus
Paederus is a genus of small beetles of the family Staphylinidae ("rove beetles"). With 622 valid species assigned by 1987 to the subtribe Paederina (Paederus and its close allies), and with all but 148 within Paederus itself, the genus is large. Due to toxins in the hemolymph of some species within this genus, it has given its name to paederus dermatitis, a characteristic skin irritation that occurs if one of the insects is crushed against skin. A scholarly paper in 2002 suggested that a Paederus species could have been responsible for some of the ten Plagues of Egypt described in the Bible's Book of Exodus.
Izuna: Legend of the Unemployed Ninja
Izuna: Legend of the Unemployed Ninja, known in Japan as Gōma Reifu Den Izuna (降魔霊符伝イヅナ; lit. "Devil-conquering Soul Talisman Legend Izuna") and in Europe as Izuna: The Legend of the Ninja, is a Nintendo DS dungeon crawler video game developed by Success and Ninja Studio and published by Atlus USA in the United States and by 505 Games in Europe. It was followed by a sequel, Izuna 2: The Unemployed Ninja Returns, in 2007.

Success (company)
Success Corporation (株式会社サクセス, Kabushiki gaisha Sakusesu) is a Japanese video game and online game developer and publisher, based in Shinagawa, Tokyo, and founded on 7 June 1978. They are best known for their Cotton series of shooter games, Zoo Keeper and others.

In 2024, they were acquired by Cave.
Journal of Educational Media, Memory, and Society
Journal of Educational Media, Memory, and Society is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Berghahn Books on behalf of the Leibniz Institute for Educational Media | Georg Eckert Institute. The journal aims to broaden our understanding of past and present societies by examining formal and informal educational media, especially texts and images found in textbooks, museums, memorials, films and digital media.

Central topics include conceptions of time and space, image formation, forms of representation and the construction of meaning and of ethnic, national, regional, religious, institutional and gender identity. Educational media are also examined in relation to their production and appropriation in institutional, sociocultural, political, economic and historical contexts.

JEMMS is international and interdisciplinary and welcomes empirically based contributions from the humanities, social sciences, STEM subjects as well as theoretical and methodological studies.

Berghahn Books
Berghahn Books is a New York- and Oxford-based publisher of scholarly books and academic journals in the humanities and social sciences, with a special focus on social and cultural anthropology, European history, politics, and film and media studies. It was founded in 1994 by Marion Berghahn.
Evans Scholars Foundation
The Evans Scholars Foundation is a nonprofit organization based in Glenview, Illinois that provides full tuition and housing college scholarships to golf caddies. Operated by the Western Golf Association, the Evans Scholars Foundation has helped more than 11,550 caddies graduate from college since its creation in 1930.

The Foundation was founded with money earned and donated by famed amateur golfer Charles "Chick" Evans.

Glenview, Illinois
Glenview is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States. It is located approximately 15 miles (24 km) northwest of the Downtown Chicago. Per the 2020 census, the population was 48,705. The Village of Glenview is governed by New Trier and Northfield townships.
2019–20 FC Barcelona season
The 2019–20 Futbol Club Barcelona season was the club's 120th season in existence and the 89th consecutive season in the top flight of Spanish football. Barcelona competed in La Liga, Copa del Rey, Supercopa de España and UEFA Champions League. The season covered the period from 1 July 2019 to 14 August 2020.

The club endured its worst season in years, going trophyless for the first time since 2007–08. Head coach Ernesto Valverde was replaced by Quique Setién in January 2020 after a Supercopa defeat to Atlético Madrid, but that did not improve the team's fortunes, as they lost the closely fought title race to Real Madrid and were infamously defeated 8–2 by Bayern Munich in a one-legged Champions League quarter-final tie.

Quique Setién
Enrique "Quique" Setién Solar (Spanish pronunciation: [enˈrike seˈtjen soˈlaɾ]; born 27 September 1958) is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a central midfielder. He is currently a manager.

As a player, he was nicknamed El Maestro, and was best known for his two spells with Racing de Santander, starting and finishing his 19-year professional career at the club. Over 15 seasons in La Liga, he played 374 matches and scored 58 goals. He also won three international caps for Spain.

Setién started a managerial career in 2001, going on to coach several teams including Racing. Starting in January 2020, he was in charge of Barcelona for seven months, being dismissed following an 8–2 loss against Bayern Munich in the UEFA Champions League.
Propagator
In quantum mechanics and quantum field theory, the propagator is a function that specifies the probability amplitude for a particle to travel from one place to another in a given period of time, or to travel with a certain energy and momentum. In Feynman diagrams, which serve to calculate the rate of collisions in quantum field theory, virtual particles contribute their propagator to the rate of the scattering event described by the respective diagram. Propagators may also be viewed as the inverse of the wave operator appropriate to the particle, and are, therefore, often called (causal) Green's functions (called "causal" to distinguish it from the elliptic Laplacian Green's function).

Causal structure
In mathematical physics, the causal structure of a Lorentzian manifold describes the possible causal relationships between points in the manifold.
Lorentzian manifolds can be classified according to the types of causal structures they admit (causality conditions).
Dysphania subrepleta
Dysphania subrepleta is a species of false tiger moth (genus Dysphania) in the subfamily Geometrinae. Records are from Indo-China and western Malesia including Borneo, with no subspecies listed in the Catalogue of Life, where it is a "provisionally accepted name".

Moths in this genus may look alike: a similar species is Dysphania militaris.

Geometrinae
Geometrinae is the nominate subfamily of the geometer moth family (Geometridae). It is strongly split, containing a considerable number of tribes of which most are presently very small or monotypic. These small moths are often a light bluish green, leading to the common name of emerald moths, though a few species called thus are also found in the tribe Campaeini of the Ennominae. In 2018, a phylogeny and classification based on a molecular phylogenetic analysis was published in the Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society in which 13 tribes were accepted.

There are about 2,300 described species, mostly from the tropics.
Thomas Savage (Virginia interpreter)
Thomas Savage (b. c. 1594 – d. 1633) was an English adventurer to the Virginia colony. At age thirteen he emigrated to the New World, and soon after lived with Powhatan (Native American leader) as a cultural emissary from 1608 to 1610. Savage became a Tidewater Algonquian interpreter for the English. Savage settled on the Eastern Shore of Virginia where he interacted with native leader Debedeavon. Thomas Savage was an ancient planter, married a tobacco bride, and had a son (John) that represented Northampton County, Virginia in the House of Burgesses.

Page (servant)
A page or page boy is traditionally a young male attendant or servant, but may also have been a messenger in the service of a nobleman.

During wedding ceremonies, a page boy is often used as a symbolic attendant to carry the rings.
Rubus xanthocarpus
Rubus xanthocarpus is a species of flowering plant in the raspberry genus Rubus, family Rosaceae. It is native to central and southern China, and has naturalized in Poland and the former Czechoslovakia. It is available from commercial suppliers. The orange-yellow fruit are edible, taste similar to raspberries, and can be eaten raw or made into preserves or wine.

Rubus
Rubus is a large and diverse genus of flowering plants in the rose family, Rosaceae, subfamily Rosoideae, most commonly known as brambles. Fruits of various species are known as raspberries, blackberries, dewberries, and bristleberries. It is a diverse genus, with the estimated number of Rubus species varying from 250 to over 1000, found across all continents except Antarctica.

Most of these plants have woody stems with prickles like roses; spines, bristles, and gland-tipped hairs are also common in the genus. The Rubus fruit, sometimes called a bramble fruit, is an aggregate of drupelets. The term cane fruit or cane berry applies to any Rubus species or hybrid which is commonly grown with supports such as wires or canes, including raspberries, blackberries, and hybrids such as loganberry, boysenberry, marionberry and tayberry. The stems of such plants are also referred to as canes.
Brain health and pollution
Research indicates that living in areas of high pollution has serious long term health effects. Living in these areas during childhood and adolescence can lead to diminished mental capacity and an increased risk of brain damage. People of all ages who live in high pollution areas for extended periods place themselves at increased risk of various neurological disorders. Both air pollution and heavy metal pollution have been implicated as having negative effects on central nervous system (CNS) functionality. The ability of pollutants to affect the neurophysiology of individuals after the structure of the CNS has become mostly stabilized is an example of negative neuroplasticity.

Committee on the Medical Effects of Air Pollutants
Committee on the Medical Effects of Air Pollutants (COMEAP) is a group of scientific experts who provide independent and authoritative advice to the UK government on the health effects of air pollution. Its core members are typically senior academics or professionals drawn from fields such as atmospheric chemistry, environmental health, epidemiology, and toxicology; a single lay member helps to ensure the committee's technical work is accessible to the public.
Port-royal (band)
port-royal (intentionally written without capitalization and with the "-" between "port" and "royal") is a Genoa, Italy-based electronica and post-rock band formed in the year 2000 by Attilio Bruzzone (Guitar, Keyboards) and Ettore Di Roberto (Piano, Keyboards). Soon after they were joined by Ettore's brother Michele Di Roberto (Drums), Emilio Pozzolini (Keyboards, Sampling), and Giulio Corona (Bass). The band's music emphasizes instrumentals over lyrics; a style resembling other instrumentally focused bands, such as Mogwai and M83.

M83 (band)
M83 (French: [ɛm katʁ(ə)vɛ̃tʁwɑ]) is a French electronic rock group formed in Antibes in 1999. Initially a duo of multi-instrumentalists Nicolas Fromageau and Anthony Gonzalez, Fromageau parted ways shortly after touring for their second album Dead Cities, Red Seas & Lost Ghosts. Gonzalez remains the sole constant member of the project, as the primary songwriter and lead vocalist.

The band has released nine studio albums, including the Grammy Award-nominated Hurry Up, We're Dreaming, in addition to two soundtracks. Gonzalez records primarily on his own, with numerous guest musicians. The band is signed to Mute Records and found breakout success in 2011 with "Midnight City", Hurry Up, We're Dreaming's lead single. Their sound has been described as dream pop, new wave, shoegaze, as well as ambient.
1955 Ryder Cup
The 11th Ryder Cup Matches were held November 5–6, 1955, at Thunderbird Country Club in Rancho Mirage, California. The United States team won its seventh consecutive competition by a score of 8 to 4 points.

Thunderbird Country Club
The Thunderbird Country Club is a country club in Rancho Mirage in California's Coachella Valley.  Its signature 18-hole golf course has hosted the Ryder Cup and the Palm Springs Golf Classic (now known as the American Express).  Opened in 1951, the country club has been a favorite of many celebrities, including Bing Crosby and Bob Hope, as well as US Presidents Gerald Ford and Barack Obama. First known as the Thunderbird Ranch, it was purchased by Johnny Dawson, who established Coachella Valley's first 18-hole golf course here in 1951.

The golf cart is rumored to have been invented at Thunderbird Country Club. By its own account, the Ford Thunderbird is named for the club.

Its golf course was designed by Lawrence Hughes, also responsible for the 9-hole course at the Tomahawk Lake Country Club in South Dakota.
Rosemarie Castoro
Rosemarie Castoro (born in Brooklyn, New York, United States; 1939 – 2015) was an American artist associated with the New York Minimalists. She worked in drawing, painting, sculpture, and other media. She was associated with Minimalism, Conceptual art, and concrete poetry. Castoro was a practitioner of monochrome painting and abstraction. Movement of the human body through physical space was a recurring theme in her work.

A retrospective of her work is being shown at Mostyn gallery in Llandudno, UK until 24 February 2024.

Pratt Institute
Pratt Institute is a private university with its main campus in Brooklyn, New York. It has an additional campus in Manhattan and an extension campus in Utica, New York at the Munson-Williams-Proctor Arts Institute. The institute was founded in 1887 with programs primarily in engineering, architecture, and fine arts. Comprising six schools, the institute is primarily known for its programs in architecture, graphic design, interior design, industrial design, and fine arts.
Hasan Askari (writer)
Muhammad Hasan Askari (Urdu: محمد حسَن عسکری)
(1919 – 18 January 1978) was a Pakistani scholar, literary critic, writer and linguist of modern Urdu language. Initially "Westernized", he translated western literary, philosophical and metaphysical work into Urdu, notably classics of American, English, French and Russian literature. But in his later years, through personal experiences, geopolitical changes and the influence of authors like René Guénon, and traditional scholars of India towards more latter part of his life, like Maulana Ashraf Ali Thanwi, he became a notable critic of the West and proponent of Islamic culture and ideology.

Gustave Flaubert
Gustave Flaubert (UK: /ˈfloʊbɛər/ FLOH-bair, US: /floʊˈbɛər/ floh-BAIR; French: [ɡystav flobɛʁ]; 12 December 1821 – 8 May 1880) was a French novelist. He has been considered the leading exponent of literary realism in his country and abroad. According to the literary theorist Kornelije Kvas, "in Flaubert, realism strives for formal perfection, so the presentation of reality tends to be neutral, emphasizing the values and importance of style as an objective method of presenting reality". He is known especially for his debut novel Madame Bovary (1857), his Correspondence, and his scrupulous devotion to his style and aesthetics. The celebrated short story writer Guy de Maupassant was a protégé of Flaubert.
Volče, Pivka
Volče (pronounced [ˈʋoːu̯tʃɛ], in older sources Vovče, German: Woutsche) is a village in the Municipality of Pivka in the Inner Carniola region of Slovenia.

The small church in the settlement is dedicated to Saint Peter and belongs to the Parish of Košana.

Dolnja Košana
Dolnja Košana (pronounced [ˈdoːlnja kɔˈʃaːna], in older sources Dolenja Košana, German: Unterkoschana) is a village west of Pivka in the Inner Carniola region of Slovenia.

The Košana parish church in the settlement is dedicated to Saint Stephen and belongs to the Koper Diocese.