hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chhokran
Chhokran is a village in Jalandhar District of Punjab State, India. The village is administrated by Sarpanch who is elected representative of village. It is located 3.8 km (2.4 mi) away from census town Apra. Chhokran is located 45 km towards East from Jalandhar, 17.5 km (10.9 mi) from Phillaur and 120 km (75 mi) from Chandigarh. The nearest train station is situated 23 km (14 mi) away in Phillaur, nearest domestic airport is at Ludhiana and the nearest international airport is 139 km (86 mi) away in Amritsar. The village has postal head office 1 km (0.62 mi) away in Moron.

Apra, Punjab
Apra, also known as The Golden City Apra, is a census town in Phillaur Tehsil in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. The town is known for gold jewelry and paddy crops which are produced in large amounts. It is located 46 kilometres (29 mi) towards East from Jalandhar, 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) from Phillaur and 110 kilometres (68 mi) from Chandigarh. Apra is the largest town as compared to other surrounding villages and has the main marketplace. The town is administrated by Sarpanch an elected representative of the village.

The nearest train station is situated 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) away in Phillaur, nearest domestic airport is at Ludhiana and the nearest international airport is 142.5 kilometres (88.5 mi) away in Amritsar.
Alfred Runge
Alfred Runge (1881–1946) was a German architect active in Bremen and its surroundings. He is remembered in particular for the Böttcherstraße houses he and his associate Eduard Scotland built for coffee merchant Ludwig Roselius.

Ludwig Roselius
Ludwig Roselius (2 June 1874 – 15 May 1943) was a German coffee merchant and founder of the company Kaffee HAG.  He was born in Bremen and is credited with the development of commercial decaffeination of coffee.  As a patron, he supported artists like Paula Modersohn-Becker and Bernard Hoetger and turned the Böttcherstrasse street in Bremen into an artwork.
La Mule sans frein
La Mule sans frein (English: The Mule Without a Bridle) or La Demoiselle à la mule (English: The Damsel with the Mule) is a short romance dating from the late 12th century or early 13th century.  It comprises 1,136 lines in octosyllabic couplets, written in Old French.  Its author names himself as Païen de Maisières, but critics disagree as to whether this was his real name or a pseudonym.  La Mule is an Arthurian romance relating the adventures, first of Sir Kay, then of Sir Gawain, in attempting to restore to its rightful owner a stolen bridle.  It is notable for its early use of the "beheading game" theme, which later reappeared in the Middle English romance Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.  It is sometimes seen as a skit or burlesque on earlier romances, especially those of Chrétien de Troyes, but it has also been suggested that it might have been written by Chrétien himself.

Kay (Arthurian legend)
In Arthurian legend, Kay /ˈkeɪ/ (Welsh: Cai, Middle Welsh Kei or Cei; Latin: Caius; French: Keu; Old French: Kès or Kex) is King Arthur's foster brother and later seneschal, as well as one of the first Knights of the Round Table. In later literature he is known for his acid tongue and bullying, boorish behaviour, but in earlier accounts he was one of Arthur's premier warriors. Along with Bedivere, with whom he is frequently associated, Kay is one of the earliest characters associated with Arthur. Kay's father is called Ector in later literature, but the Welsh accounts name him as Cynyr Ceinfarfog.
Jogindernagar
Jogindernagar, or Jogindar Nagar ([dʒoːˈɡɪnd̪ər nəˈɡər]), is a municipality, and a sub district in Mandi district in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. Named after Raja Joginder Sen, the hill station is the terminus of the 163-kilometre-long (101 mi) Kangra Valley narrow-gauge railway. Jogindernagar is the third-largest city in the Mandi district and tenth largest urban agglomeration of Himachal Pradesh. The only city in Asia with three hydro-electric power stations, its nickname is "The City of Powerhouses".

Situated in the central Joginder Nagar Valley, the region is known for paragliding, trekking, mountain biking, camping and angling. The valley is known for its Ts: trolley, trout and train. In 2015, Jogindernagar was declared the first free Wi-Fi city in Himachal Pradesh.

Paragliding
Paragliding is the recreational and competitive adventure sport of  flying paragliders: lightweight, free-flying, foot-launched glider aircraft with no rigid primary structure. The pilot sits in a harness or in a cocoon-like 'pod' suspended below a fabric wing. Wing shape is maintained by the suspension lines, the pressure of air entering vents in the front of the wing, and the aerodynamic forces of the air flowing over the outside.

Despite not using an engine, paraglider flights can last many hours and cover many hundreds of kilometres, though flights of one to five hours and covering some tens of kilometres are more the norm. By skillful exploitation of sources of lift, the pilot may gain height, often climbing to altitudes of a few thousand metres.
Andrew Cole, 7th Earl of Enniskillen
Andrew John Gilbraith Cole, 7th Earl of Enniskillen (born 28 April 1942) is a 
British peer and landowner in Kenya. He was styled Viscount Cole from 1963 to 1989, after which he was a member of the House of Lords until 1999, although he rarely attended.

He is a former managing director of Kenya Airways.

Kenya Airways
Kenya Airways Ltd., more commonly known as Kenya Airways, is the flag carrier airline of Kenya. The company was founded in 1977, after the dissolution of East African Airways. Its head office is located in Embakasi, Nairobi, with its hub at Jomo Kenyatta International Airport.

The airline was owned by the Government of Kenya until April 1995, and was privatised in 1996, becoming the first African flag carrier to successfully do so. Kenya Airways is currently a public-private partnership. The largest shareholder is the Government of Kenya (48.9%), with 38.1% being owned by KQ Lenders Company 2017 Ltd (in turn owned by a consortium of banks), followed by KLM, which has a 7.8% stake in the company. Private owners hold the rest of the shares; shares are traded on the Nairobi Stock Exchange, the Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange, and the Uganda Securities Exchange.

The airline became a member of SkyTeam in June 2010, and has been a member of the African Airlines Association since 1977.
Poly Property
Poly Property Group Co., Ltd., is a Hong Kong incorporated Chinese property developer, with its major businesses include property development, investment and management. It mainly develops mid to high-end residential and commercial properties in the cities along Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta as well as the second-tier provincial capitals.

Poly Property is a constituent of Hang Seng China-Affiliated Corporations Index (Red chip index)

He Ping, son of late military officer He Biao, and the son-in-law of the former Chinese leader, late Deng Xiaoping, is the former chairman of the company. He Ping was also the chairman of the parent company China Poly Group, which had a military background in the past.

Red chip
Red chip stocks (Chinese: 红筹股; pinyin: hóng chóu gǔ; Jyutping: hung4 chau4 gu2) are the stocks of mainland China companies incorporated outside mainland China (often Hong Kong or a British Overseas Territory) and listed in the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong. It refers to businesses based in mainland China and with (majority) shares controlled either directly or indirectly by a government body. This controlling entity could be one or more combinations of the central, provincial or municipal mainland government, with the company listed in Hong Kong to allow private and overseas investment.

The term was coined by Hong Kong economist Alex Tang in 1992 and combines blue chip stocks with "red" representing the socialist economic philosophy of the People's Republic of China.
Perceptual coding
Perceptual coding is a method of lossy data compression  that exploits the limitations of human sensory system in order to reduce data size. It is widely applied in audio, image and video compression standards, where certain details are removed or simplified because they are unlikely to be noticed under regular listening or viewing conditions.

Perceptual coding is based on models of human hearing and vision, such as those studied in psychoacoustics and psychovisual research. By discarding or reducing components of a signal that fall below perceptual thresholds, it achieves significant reductions in bit rate while maintaining a subjectively acceptable quality.

Bit rate
In telecommunications and computing, bit rate (bitrate or as a variable R) is the number of bits that are conveyed or processed per unit of time.

The bit rate is expressed in the unit bit per second (symbol: bit/s), often in conjunction with an SI prefix such as kilo (1 kbit/s = 1,000 bit/s), mega (1 Mbit/s = 1,000 kbit/s), giga (1 Gbit/s = 1,000 Mbit/s) or tera (1 Tbit/s = 1,000 Gbit/s). The non-standard abbreviation bps is often used to replace the standard symbol bit/s, so that, for example, 1 Mbps is used to mean one million bits per second.

In most computing and digital communication environments, one byte per second (symbol: B/s) corresponds to 8 bit/s (1 byte = 8 bits).  However if stop bits, start bits, and parity bits need to be factored in, a higher number of bits per second will be required to achieve a throughput of the same number of bytes.
Maine State Route 110
State Route 110 (SR 110) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maine. It is a 3.60-mile (5.79 km) secondary route that connects the villages of East Wakefield, New Hampshire and West Newfield, Maine. The western terminus is at the New Hampshire state line in Newfield, where it indirectly connects to New Hampshire Route 153 . The eastern terminus is at State Route 11 in Newfield. The highway is located entirely within the town of Newfield in York County.

York County, Maine
York County is both the southernmost and the westernmost county in the U.S. state of Maine, along the state of New Hampshire's eastern border. It is divided from Strafford County, New Hampshire, by the Salmon Falls River and the connected tidal estuary, the Piscataqua River. York County was permanently established in 1636. Several of Maine's earliest colonial settlements are found in the county, which is the state's oldest and one of the oldest in the United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 211,972, making it Maine's second-most populous county. Its county seat is Alfred. York County is part of the Portland–South Portland, Maine Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Young tableau
In mathematics, a Young tableau (/tæˈbloʊ, ˈtæbloʊ/; plural: tableaux) is a combinatorial object useful in representation theory and Schubert calculus. It provides a convenient way to describe the group representations of the symmetric and general linear groups and to study their properties.

Young tableaux were introduced by Alfred Young, a mathematician at Cambridge University, in 1900. They were then applied to the study of the symmetric group by Georg Frobenius in 1903. Their theory was further developed by many mathematicians, including Percy MacMahon, W. V. D. Hodge, G. de B. Robinson, Gian-Carlo Rota, Alain Lascoux, Marcel-Paul Schützenberger and Richard P. Stanley.

Gian-Carlo Rota
Gian-Carlo Rota (April 27, 1932 – April 18, 1999) was an Italian-American mathematician and philosopher. He spent most of his career at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he worked in combinatorics, functional analysis, probability theory, and phenomenology.
Cynthia Aku
Cynthia Onyedikachi Aku (born 31 December 1999) is a Nigerian professional footballer, who plays as a forward for Ataşehir Belediyespor in the Turkish Women's Football Super League. She represented Nigeria at youth level, before making her debut for the senior team.

Ataşehir Belediyespor
Ataşehir Belediyespor is a Turkish sports club based in the Ataşehir district of Istanbul. It is known for its women's football team that won the Turkish championship in 2011, in the fourth year of its existence. They defended their title successfully in 2012.
Hasan Normurodov
Hasan Normurodov (16 November 16, 1939, Kattakurgan District, Samarqand Region, Uzbek SSR — 24 April 2021, Samarkand, Samarqand Region, Uzbekistan) was a state and public figure, the head of the Samarqand Region branch of the "Nuroniy" public association, and a Hero of Uzbekistan.

He was awarded the title Hero of Uzbekistan in 2019 and was a recipient of the "Mehnat shuhrati" (2008), "El-yurt hurmati" (2012), and "Doʻstlik" (2012) orders. He was a member of the People's Democratic Party of Uzbekistan in the Samarqand Region Council, and a member of the Senate of the Republic of Uzbekistan (2020–2021).

During his more than 60 years of dedicated work, Hasan Normurodov held various state positions in the Samarqand Region. During his leadership, several economic and social development projects were implemented in various areas of the Samarqand Region. In 2017, with his initiative, 16 the abode of the luminaries were established in the Samarqand Region.

Kattakurgan District
Kattakurgan District (Uzbek: Kattaqoʻrgʻon tumani) is a district of Samarqand Region in Uzbekistan. The capital lies at the town Payshanba. It has an area of 1,390 km2 (540 sq mi) and its population is 276,700 (2021 est.).

The district consists of 8 urban-type settlements (Payshanba, Suv hovuzi, Mundiyon, Polvontepa, Qoradaryo, Vayrat, Yangiqoʻrgʻoncha, Kattaming) and 11 rural communities.
Buerger Center for Advanced Pediatric Care
The Buerger Center for Advanced Pediatric Care is a pediatric outpatient facility operated by the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) in the University City neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Completed in 2015, the 12-story, 700,000-square-foot (65,000 m2) building forms part of CHOP's Raymond G. Perelman Campus and is recognized for its distinctive architectural design.

Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) is a children's hospital in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Its primary campus is located in the University City neighborhood of West Philadelphia, next to the University of Pennsylvania. The hospital has 692 beds and more than 1.6 million outpatient and inpatient visits annually. It is one of the world's largest and oldest children's hospitals and was the first hospital in the United States dedicated to the healthcare of children.

CHOP has been ranked among the best ten children's hospitals in the United States by U.S. News & World Report since 2009. As of 2024, it was ranked number one in the nation by U.S. News & World Report for two out of eleven specialties. The hospital treats infants, children, teens, and young adults aged 0–21.

The hospital also treats adults who would benefit from advanced pediatric care. Most of its physicians serve in the pediatrics and other specialty departments of the Perelman School of Medicine.
2022 Nueva Vizcaya local elections
Local elections were held in the province of Nueva Vizcaya on May 9, 2022, as part of the Philippine general election. Voters selected candidates for all Local positions: a Municipal Mayor, Municipal Vice Mayor and Municipal Councilors, as well as Members of the Sangguniang Panlalawigan, the Governor, the Vice Governor, and a Representative for the lone district of Nueva Vizcaya to the House of Representatives. Those elected took their respective offices on June 30, 2022, for a three-year term. 252,486 of 296,233 registered voters voted in this election.

Incumbent Governor Carlos Padilla was re-elected for his third and final term, while former Vice Governor Jose Gambito successfully reclaimed his former seat. Incumbent Representative Luisa Lloren–Cuaresma also won her third and final term for Congress.

Carlos Padilla (politician)
Carlos Mapili Padilla (Tagalog pronunciation: [paˈdilja]; September 19, 1944 – May 5, 2023) was a Filipino politician who served as the governor of Nueva Vizcaya from 2016 until his death in 2023. Padilla was elected to his first term as governor in 2016 and was re-elected in 2019 and 2022.
Goedendag
A goedendag (lit. 'good day' in Dutch; also rendered godendac, godendard, godendart, and sometimes conflated with the related plançon) was a weapon originally used by the militias of Medieval Flanders in the 14th century, notably during the Franco-Flemish War. The goedendag was essentially a combination of a club with a spear. Its body was a wooden staff roughly 90 cm to 150 cm (3 to 5 feet) long with a diameter of roughly 5 cm to 10 cm (2 to 4 inches). It was wider at one end, and at this end a sharp metal spike was inserted by a tang.

The weapon was used to great effect by the guildsmen of Flanders' wealthy cities against the French knights at the Battle of the Golden Spurs near Kortrijk (Courtrai) on 11 July 1302. The goedendag is frequently seen in the hands of Flemish militia in contemporary depictions of the battle, such as the carvings on the Courtrai Chest, a 14th-century wooden chest. It is also seen on a paper copy of a lost fresco from the Leugemeete in Ghent.

Courtrai Chest
The Courtrai Chest is an oak chest that incorporates medieval carvings depicting scenes from the Franco-Flemish War, in particular the Battle of the Golden Spurs at Kortrijk (Courtrai) in Flanders. The chest is among the few surviving contemporaneous depictions of those historically-significant events.
Banks dory
The Banks dory, or Grand Banks dory, is a type of dory. They were used as traditional fishing boats from the 1850s on the Grand Banks of Newfoundland. The Banks dory is a small, open, narrow, flat-bottomed and slab-sided boat with a particularly narrow transom. They were inexpensive to build and could be stacked or nested inside each other and stored on the decks of larger fishing vessels which functioned as mother ships.

Banks dories have long overhangs at the bow and stern which helps them lift over waves.  There were one-man and two-man versions. Most could be fitted with sails. The dories became more stable when they were loaded with about half a ton of catch.

Mother ship
A mother ship, mothership or mother-ship is a large vehicle that leads, serves, or carries other smaller vehicles. A mother ship may be a maritime ship, aircraft, or spacecraft.

Examples include bombers converted to carry experimental aircraft to altitudes where they can conduct their research (such as the B-52 carrying the X-15), or ships that carry small submarines to an area of ocean to be explored (such as the Atlantis II carrying the Alvin).

A mother ship may also be used to recover smaller craft, or go its own way after releasing them. A smaller vessel serving or caring for larger craft is usually called a tender.
Cadia, New South Wales
Cadia is a locality in the Cabonne Council of New South Wales, Australia. It was formerly a private township established c. 1860s by the Cadiangullong Consolidated Copper company, but now a ghost town. It is now part of the Cadia-Ridgeway Mine lease, operated by Newcrest. It had a population of zero as of the 2016 census.

Cadia-Ridgeway mine
Cadia Mine is a series of large underground and open-cut gold and copper mines located in the Cadia Valley, about 20 kilometres south of the regional city of Orange, New South Wales, Australia. The mine has been developed throughout the 1990s and is a major employer in the region with an expected lifespan of several decades. Cadia is the second largest open cut mine in Australia after the Super Pit at Kalgoorlie. Large mineral deposits are also being uncovered from the more recently developed Ridgeway underground mine, and Cadia East underground mine, adjacent to the Cadia Open Cut Mine. The mine is operated by Newmont.
Ashley Warren
Ashley Warren is a hamlet in the Basingstoke and Deane district of Hampshire, England. The settlement is within the civil parish of Ecchinswell, Sydmonton and Bishops Green, and is located approximately 7.3 miles (11.7 km) south of Newbury.

Ecchinswell, Sydmonton and Bishops Green
Ecchinswell, Sydmonton and Bishops Green (occasionally referred to as just Ecchinswell and Sydmonton) is a civil parish within the district of Basingstoke and Deane in Hampshire, England. In 2011 the parish had a population of 1048.

Sydmonton is the home of Sydmonton Court, estate of the Kingsmill Family, including Admiral Sir Robert Kingsmill. The estate is currently owned by Andrew Lloyd Webber and is home to the annual Sydmonton Festival.
Belgium and the Franco-Prussian War
Belgium was not a belligerent in the Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871), as the country was neutral throughout the war, but was heavily influenced by the social and political effects of the conflict. An invasion of Belgian territory by either side was widely feared in 1870 and the Belgian Army was mobilised. The inadequacies which this revealed in Belgium's military and defensive preparations led to calls to reform the system of conscription and for a programme of fortification-building which would greatly influence the early phases of World War I.

Belgian Army
The Belgian Army (Dutch: Landmacht, French: Force Terrestre) is the land branch of the Belgian Armed Forces. The King of the Belgians is the commander in chief. The current chief of staff of the Belgian Army is Major-General Jean-Pol Baugnée.

Dating back to Belgium's establishment in 1830, the Belgian Army is the oldest service branch of the Belgian Armed Forces, and is also the largest of the four branches, with approximately 10,000 active military personnel and over 2,000 reservists as of 2022.
Felicisimo Ampon
Felicisimo Ampon (October 27, 1920 – October 7, 1997) was a tennis player from the Philippines. In major events he was a two time singles quarter finalist at the French Championships 1952 to 1953. He is considered to be the greatest Filipino tennis player in history, and at only 5 foot 3 inches tall, was once considered the best tennis player in the world, pound for pound.

He represented the country in several Davis Cup competitions for almost 30 years, and holds the Philippine all-time record for the most singles (34-26) and total wins (40-35) in Davis Cup history. He was known for winning the 1934 Far Eastern Games tennis gold medal, the 1950 Pan American Games tennis singles gold medal, the 1958 Asian Games tennis doubles gold medal, and 1968 Chinese Recreational Club Open Tennis doubles title.

1958 Asian Games
The 1958 Asian Games, officially the Third Asian Games (Japanese: 第3回アジア競技大会) and commonly known as Tokyo 1958 (Japanese: 東京1958), were a multi-sport event held in Tokyo, Japan, from 24 May to 1 June 1958. It was governed by the Asian Games Federation. A total of 1,820 athletes representing 20 Asian National Olympic Committees (NOCs) participated in the Games. The program featured competitions in 13 different sports encompassing 97 events, including four non-Olympic sports, judo, table tennis, tennis and volleyball. Four of these competition sports – field hockey, table tennis, tennis and volleyball – were introduced for the first time in the Asian Games.

This is the first time that Japan hosted the Asian Games.
Vəndam
Vandam (also, Vendam), Vəndam in Azerbaijani, is a town and the most populous municipality, except for the capital Gabala, in the Gabala Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 9,507.

The name is linguistically unrelated to the Dutch toponymic surname Van Dam ("of the dam") which in some cases - especially when used by English-speaking people - is also written "Vandam".

Qabala
Qabala (Azerbaijani: Qəbələ) is a city and the administrative centre of the Qabala District of Azerbaijan. The municipality consists of the city of Gabala and the village of Küsnat. Before the city was known as Kutkashen, but after the Republic of Azerbaijan's independence the town was renamed in honour of the much older city of Gabala, the former capital of Caucasian Albania, the archaeological site of which is about 20 km southwest.