hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Old Tao Nan School
The Old Tao Nan School is a historic building in Singapore, located along Armenian Street in the Museum Planning Area, within the Central Area. The building was originally built for the Tao Nan School to serve the local Hokkien community, but the school has since been relocated to its current location in Marine Parade.  The building was then used as a wing of the Asian Civilisations Museum, and now houses the Peranakan Museum.  It was gazetted as a national monument on 27 February 1998.

Marine Parade
Marine Parade is a planning area and residential estate located on the eastern fringe of the Central Region of Singapore. Straddling the tip of the southeastern coast of mainland Singapore, Marine Parade serves as a buffer between the Central and East regions of the country. Bordering it are the planning areas of Geylang to the north, Kallang to the northwest, Bedok to the northeast, Marina East to the southwest and the Singapore Straits to the south.

Marine Parade is further divided into five subzones, East Coast, Katong, Marine Parade, Marina East (not to be confused with Marina East, the neighbouring planning area), and Mountbatten.
Punha Ekda Sade Made Teen
Punha Ekda Sade Made Teen (transl. Last and Final Three Once Again) is a 2026 Indian Marathi-language comedy-drama film directed by Ankush Chaudhari. It serves as a sequel to the 2007 film Saade Maade Teen and features Ashok Saraf, Makarand Anaspure, Bharat Jadhav, Siddharth Jadhav, Rinku Rajguru, Samruddhi Kelkar and Sanket Pathak in the lead roles.

The film was theatrically released on 13 February 2026.

Siddharth Jadhav
Siddharth Jadhav (born 23 October 1981) is an Indian actor, entertainer and comedian widely known for his work in several Hindi and Marathi films and stage productions. He has received several awards including three Maharashtra State Film Awards, four Maharashtracha Favourite Kon Awards, and a Filmfare Award Marathi.

He is from Sewri, Maharashtra. He has acted in television, Marathi and Hindi films. He has acted in several Bollywood movies like Golmaal and Golmaal Returns but he asserts that his first love is Marathi film, TV and stage. Jadhav also acted in a Bengali movie named Ami Shubhash Bolchi with Mithun Chakraborty as the lead. Referred to in the media as the "Comedy King of Marathi Cinema".
Francisco X. Rivera
Francisco X. Rivera is a bilingual sportscaster who specializes in soccer, football and baseball. He started his on-air career in 2005 as a host, play-by-play announcer and reporter, as one of the youngest on-air talents in American television. He made his debut on English-language network television as a sideline reporter for Fox Sports during the 2013 CONCACAF Gold Cup. The Long Beach State graduate can be seen and heard on FS1, Estrella TV and ESPN Deportes Radio, among other outlets in the United States and Latin America.

Fox Sports
Fox Sports is the brand name for a number of sports channels, broadcast divisions, programming, and other media around the world. The name originates from Fox Broadcasting Company in the United States, which in turn derives its name from Fox Film (which merged with Twentieth Century Pictures to form 20th Century Fox in 1935), named after founder William Fox.

The Fox Sports name has since been used for other sports media assets. These assets are held mainly by Fox Corporation, with the exceptions of the operations in Australia (which are part of Foxtel, entirely owned by DAZN as of April 2025), Mexico (owned by Grupo Multimedia Lauman), Argentina (owned by Mediapro but branding and contents are licensed to Fox Corporation), and the rest of Fox Sports International that was sold to the Walt Disney Company in Latin America, except Mexico and Argentina.
Iowa Cow War
The Iowa Cow War was a series of violent disputes over the testing of cows for bovine tuberculosis in Iowa, United States, in 1931. After distrustful farmers tried and failed to repeal the testing program, they congregated to block tests from taking place. The farmers believed that the test might infect cows with tuberculosis or make pregnant cows have spontaneous abortions. They also believed that the testing was unconstitutional. The owner of Muscatine radio station KTNT, Norman G. Baker, spread misinformation which resulted in more farmers protesting the testing, sometimes violently. Fifty veterinarians, all working in pairs and while being protected, gave injections to 5,000 cattle per day for a week.

The Iowa Cow War came to a conclusion when 31 Iowa National Guard units were deployed to stop the protesting. Two farmers were arrested for their actions during the conflict. There was one casualty, and no deaths. Most of the testing was completed by October 1931.

Muscatine, Iowa
Muscatine (/ˌmʌskəˈtin/ MUSS-kə-TEEN) is a city in and the county seat of Muscatine County, Iowa, United States. The population was 23,797 at the time of the 2020 census, an increase from 22,697 in 2000. It is located along the Mississippi River. The local business association states that the name Muscatine is not used by any other community.

Muscatine is the principal city of the Muscatine Micropolitan Statistical Area (2010 census population 54,132) as of 2011 the estimate was 54,184, which includes all of Muscatine and Louisa counties, making it the 283rd-largest micropolitan statistical area.
Acrisinae
Acrisinae is a subfamily of the tree frog family Hylidae. There are only two genera in this subfamily, Acris (cricket frogs) and Pseudacris (chorus frogs). They are native to most of the Nearctic realm, and are found as far north as the Great Slave Lake in Canada, all across the United States, and down Baja California and some parts of northern Mexico. One species, the pacific tree frog (Pseudacris regilla), has been introduced to several locations outside its range, and it is possible that other species may have been as well.

These frogs are mainly found on woody vegetation near water in habitats such as grasslands, wetlands, swamps, and vernal pools.

Chorus frog
Pseudacris (commonly known as the chorus frogs) is a genus of frogs in the family Hylidae found in  North America ranging from the Pacific coastline to the Atlantic.

The name of the genus comes from the Greek pseudes (false) and akris (locust), probably a reference to the repeated rasping trill of most chorus frogs, which is similar to that of the insect. 
It could also mean ‘false Acris’, distinguishing it from another frog genus.
Colosseum Mountain
Colosseum Mountain is a 12,473-foot-elevation (3,802-meter) double summit mountain located on the crest of the Sierra Nevada mountain range in northern California. It is situated on the common border of Fresno County with Inyo County, as well as the shared boundary of John Muir Wilderness and Kings Canyon National Park. It is 12 miles (19 km) northwest of the community of Independence, 1.2 miles (1.9 km) east of Mount Cedric Wright, 2.6 miles (4.2 km) west of Sawmill Point, and 1.6 miles (2.6 km) south-southeast of Mount Perkins, the nearest higher neighbor. The lower east summit is 12,451-feet in elevation and marked as Colosseum Mountain on maps, but the 12,473-foot west summit is higher. Approximately 1,000 feet distance separate the two summits. The John Muir Trail passes to the west of this peak, providing an approach to the mountain. The first ascent of the summit was made August 5, 1922, by Chester Versteeg, a prominent Sierra Club member, via the southwest face.

Mount Cedric Wright
Mount Cedric Wright is a 12,372-foot-elevation (3,771-meter) mountain summit located one mile west of the crest of the Sierra Nevada mountain range, in Fresno County of northern California, United States. It is situated in eastern Kings Canyon National Park, 13 miles (21 km) northwest of the community of Independence, 2.2 miles (3.5 km) southeast of Crater Mountain, and 2.5 miles (4.0 km) south-southeast of Mount Wynne and Pinchot Pass. Topographic relief is significant as the west aspect rises nearly 2,000 feet (610 meters) above the surrounding terrain in approximately one mile. The John Muir Trail traverses below the west aspect of this remote peak. The first ascent was made August 25, 1935, by Norman Clyde.
Onningu Vannengil
Onningu Vannengil is a 1985 Indian Malayalam-language film,  directed by Joshiy and produced by Sajan. The film stars Mammootty, Nadia Moidu, Jagathy Sreekumar, Thilakan and Shankar. Shyam composed the music.

Shyam (composer)
Samuel Joseph (born 1937), better known as Shyam, is a music composer who works in Malayalam cinema.

From the mid-1970s to the late 1980s, Shyam had a prolific run as a composer in the Malayalam film industry, composing for nearly 200 films. Working with all major directors of the time, Shyam had scored for many hits of Jayan and the early films of Mammootty and Mohanlal.
Behrang–Tanjung Malim Highway
Behrang–Tanjung Malim Highway, Federal Route 193 (formerly Perak state route 124 and state route 121 (Behrang Ulu–Tanjung Malim side)), is a major highway in Perak, Malaysia. The 13.2 km (8.2 mi) federal highway connects Behrang in the north to Tanjung Malim in the south. It also acts as a bypass for the Tanjung Malim town and Tanjung Malim–Slim River Highway (Federal Route 1).

The kilometre zero of the Federal Route 193 starts at Tanjung Malim. The Kilometre Zero monument is erected near Pos Malaysia post office at Jalan Ketoyong, Tanjung Malim.

Tanjong Malim
Tanjong Malim, or Tanjung Malim, is a town in Muallim District, Perak, Malaysia. It is approximately 70 km (43 mi) north of Kuala Lumpur and 120 km south of Ipoh via the North–South Expressway. It lies on the Perak-Selangor state border, with Sungai Bernam serving as the natural divider.

"Tanjong Malim" usually refers to the territory under administration of Tanjong Malim District Council or Majlis Daerah Tanjong Malim (MDTM), which includes the smaller towns adjacent to the town such as Proton City, Behrang, Behrang 2020, Sungkai and Slim River. "Tanjong Malim" is also referred to the Old Town and New Town divided by the KTM Komuter rail at its heart. Tanjong Malim is home to the main campus of the Sultan Idris Education University (UPSI).
Curtis Institute of Music
The Curtis Institute of Music is a private conservatory in Philadelphia. It offers a performance diploma, a Bachelor of Music, Master of Music in opera, and a Professional Studies Certificate in opera. All students attend on a full scholarship. The Institute also offers needs based financial aid to help cover living expenses.

Master of Music
The Master of Music (MM or MMus) is, as an academic title, the first graduate degree in music awarded by universities and conservatories. The MM combines advanced studies in an applied area of specialization (usually performance in singing or instrument playing, composition, or conducting) with graduate-level academic study in subjects such as music history, music theory, or music pedagogy. The degree, which takes one or two years of full-time study to complete, prepares students to be professional performers, conductors, and composers, according to their area of specialization. The MM is often required as the minimum teaching credential for university, college, and conservatory instrumental or vocal teaching positions.
Standard Widget Toolkit
The Standard Widget Toolkit (SWT) is a graphical widget toolkit for use with the Java platform. It was originally developed by Stephen Northover at IBM and is now maintained by the Eclipse Foundation in tandem with the Eclipse IDE. It is an alternative to the Abstract Window Toolkit (AWT) and Swing Java graphical user interface (GUI) toolkits provided by Sun Microsystems as part of the Java Platform, Standard Edition (J2SE).

To display GUI elements, the SWT implementation accesses the native GUI libraries of the operating system using Java Native Interface (JNI) in a manner that is similar to those programs written using operating system-specific application programming interfaces (APIs). Programs that call SWT are portable, but the implementation of the toolkit, despite part of it being written in Java, is unique for each platform.

The toolkit is free and open-source software distributed under the Eclipse Public License, which is approved by the Open Source Initiative.

GTK
GTK (formerly GIMP ToolKit and GTK+) is a free open-source widget toolkit for creating graphical user interfaces (GUIs) targeted at Linux and specifically GNOME (though with some use in other desktop environments). It is licensed under the terms of the GNU LGPL, allowing both free and proprietary software to use it.

The GTK team releases new versions on a regular basis. GTK 4 and GTK 3 are actively maintained, while GTK 2 is no longer supported. GTK 1 is independently maintained by the CinePaint project.
Jolpajaja (Cusco-Puno)
Jolpajaja (possibly from Quechua qullpa salty, salpeter, qaqa rock, "salpeter rock") is a mountain in the Vilcanota mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about 4,900 metres (16,076 ft) high. It is located in the Cusco Region, Quispicanchi Province, in the districts of Camanti and Marcapata, and in the Puno Region, Carabaya Province, Ollachea District. Jolpajaja is situated northeast of Puicutuni. Piqui Machay lies to the west.

Cordillera Vilcanota
The Cordillera Vilcanota (Spanish cordillera: "mountain range", Aymara: willkan uta "house of the sun") is a mountain range located in Peru southeast of Cusco, on the boundary between the regions of Cusco and Puno. It extends between 13°39' and 14°29'S and 70°31' and 71°20'W for about 80 km. It includes 469 glaciers.

To the east the rivers San Gabán and Azángaro are the natural boundary which separates it from the Carabaya range. The La Raya range near the La Raya pass is sometimes included or listed separately.
USS Minnesota (1855)
USS Minnesota was a wooden steam frigate in the United States Navy. Launched in 1855 and commissioned eighteen months later, the ship served in east Asia for two years before being decommissioned. She was recommissioned at the outbreak of the American Civil War and returned to service as the flagship of the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron.

During the first day of the Battle of Hampton Roads on 8 March 1862, Minnesota ran aground, and the following battle badly damaged her and inflicted many casualties. On the second day of the battle, USS Monitor engaged CSS Virginia, allowing tugs to free Minnesota on the morning of 10 March. Minnesota was repaired and returned to duty, and three years later she participated in the Second Battle of Fort Fisher. Minnesota served until 1898, when she was stricken, beached and burnt to recover her metal fittings and to clear her name for a newly ordered battleship, USS Minnesota (BB-22).

Second Battle of Fort Fisher
The Second Battle of Fort Fisher was a successful assault by the Union Army, Navy and Marine Corps against Fort Fisher, south of Wilmington, North Carolina, near the end of the American Civil War in January 1865. Sometimes referred to as the "Gibraltar of the South" and the last major coastal stronghold of the Confederacy, Fort Fisher had tremendous strategic value during the war, providing a port for blockade runners supplying the Army of Northern Virginia.
John Koech
John Koech (1946 – 8 April 2025) was a Kenyan politician. He was cabinet minister for the East African Community in Kenya under President Mwai Kibaki and a member of parliament for the constituency of Chepalungu until December 2007 when he lost his parliamentary seat to Isaac Ruto, and dismissed from his cabinet post for supporting Raila Odinga against Kibaki.

Koech was also the Minister of Public Works under President Daniel Arap Moi. He died on 8 April 2025, at the age of 79.

Mwai Kibaki
Emilio Stanley Mwai Kibaki CGH (15 November 1931 – 21 April 2022) was a Kenyan politician who served as the third President of Kenya from December 2002 until April 2013. He served in various leadership positions in Kenya's government including being the longest serving Member of Parliament (MP) in Kenya from 1963 to 2013. He was the fourth Vice-President of Kenya for ten years from 1978 to 1988 under President Daniel arap Moi. He also held cabinet ministerial positions in the Jomo Kenyatta and Daniel arap Moi governments, including as minister for Finance (1969–1981) under Kenyatta, and Minister for Home Affairs (1982–1988) and Minister for Health (1988–1991) under Moi. Kibaki served as an opposition Member of Parliament from 1992 to 2002. He unsuccessfully vied for the presidency in 1992 and 1997. He served as the Leader of the Official Opposition in Parliament from 1998 to 2002. Following the 2002 presidential election, he was elected as the President of Kenya.
Manthena Venkata Raju
Manthena Venkata Raju (May 20, 1904 – April 16, 1968) was an Indian politician and social worker from Manthenavaripalem, Bapatla, Andhra Pradesh. He participated in the non-violent resistance against the British rule in India.

Bapatla
Bapatla is a town and district headquarters of Bapatla district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is a municipality and the mandal headquarters of Bapatla mandal of Bapatla revenue division. The nearest towns and cities to Bapatla are Chirala, Ponnur, Tenali and Guntur of 17 km, 22 km, 50 km and 53 km respectively.
Daniella Goldfarb
Daniella Goldfarb (Hebrew: דניאלה גולדפרב) is an Israeli chemist who is the Erich Klieger Professorial Chair in Chemical Physics at the Weizmann Institute of Science. She is the President’s Advisor for Advancing Women in Science. Her research makes use of electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. She was awarded the 2016 Israel Chemical Society Excellence prize.

Electron paramagnetic resonance
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) or electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy is a method for studying materials that have unpaired electrons. The basic concepts of EPR are analogous to those of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), but the spins excited are those of the electrons instead of the atomic nuclei. EPR spectroscopy is useful for analyzing metal ions and organic radicals (compounds with unpaired electrons). The technique reveals some structural information but often simply provides a characteristic "finger print".  The measurement requires a large magnet into which the sample is placed.  Signals are detected using microwaves.  In contrast to NMR and infrared (IR) spectroscopy, EPR spectroscopy is less common.  For a given sample, some of the parameters of interest are g-values (analogous to chemical shift), anisotropy (asymmetry), hyperfine coupling constants (analogous to coupling constant J), and relaxation times.
Bad Guy (Eminem song)
"Bad Guy" is a song by American rapper Eminem, taken from his eighth album The Marshall Mathers LP 2 (2013). The song connects the second LP to the first Marshall Mathers LP, which was released in 2000. "Bad Guy" is also a sequel to Eminem's hit single "Stan", which appears on the aforementioned album.

The track consists of two parts; Part I was produced by S1 and M-Phazes, and Part II was produced by StreetRunner and Vinny Venditto. The song was written by the four, alongside Eminem, S. Hacker, M. Aiell and Sarah Jaffe, the latter of which is featured singing the song's refrain. The song samples "Hocus Pokus", as performed by Walter Murphy; "Soana", written by Gian Piero Reverberi and Laura Giordano; as well as "Ode to Billie Joe", as performed by Lou Donaldson.

"Bad Guy" was met with universal acclaim from music critics, with the most praise going towards the song's storytelling. It debuted at number 38 on the US Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, upon the album's release.

Music criticism
The Oxford Companion to Music defines music criticism as "the intellectual activity of formulating judgments on the value and degree of excellence of individual works of music, or whole groups or genres". In this sense, it is a branch of musical aesthetics.

With the concurrent expansion of interest in music and information media since the turn of the 20th century, the term has come to acquire the conventional meaning of journalistic reporting on musical performances.
Kikumiro Central Forest Reserve
Kikumiro Central Forest Reserve is a forest located in Kabarole district, 300 kilometres (190 mi) from Kampala, Western Uganda and is protected by National Forestry Authority. The reserve is bordered by Ntoroko and Kagadi districts to the north, Kibaale to the east, Kamwenge to the south and Bundibugyo to the west. The communities living around this forest reserve include Kyarutwe, Kyembamba, Kyongera, Mitoma A, Ibaale and Barahiija communities that are close to villages of Bihanga and Kyarukomi A. It covers a total land area of 7.21 square kilometres (2.78 sq mi) and was gazetted in 1948 as a Forest Reserve under the National Forestry Authority.

National Forestry Authority
The National Forestry Authority (NFA) is the body of the Ugandan central government that is responsible for managing the country's Central Forest Reserves through demarcating, re-surveying and maintaining them. It was created as a semi-autonomous corporation through the National Forestry and Tree Planting Act of 2003 to replace the prior Forestry Department.
Belarusian dialects in Russia
Belarusian dialects in Russia (Belarusian: Беларускія гаворкі ў Расіі) refers to the functioning of Belarusian dialects among the autochthonous population and migrants on the territory of the Russian Federation. The regions of the Smolensk region, western Bryansk region, and southern Pskov region have the closest historical and linguistic ties to the Belarusian language, as they belong to the ethnic border of Belarusian settlement. Additionally, the Belarusian language and its dialects have been used by resettlers in the Kaliningrad Oblast and Siberia.

Smolensk Oblast
Smolensk Oblast (Russian: Смоленская область, romanized: Smolenskaya oblastʹ), informally also called Smolenshchina (Смоленщина), is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative centre is the city of Smolensk. As of the 2021 Census, its population was 888,421.
All the Shah's Men
All the Shah's Men: An American Coup and the Roots of Middle East Terror is a non-fiction book by Stephen Kinzer, published in 2003 by Wiley, that centers on the 1953 Iranian coup d'état, an operation orchestrated by the United States and the United Kingdom that led to the overthrow of Mohammad Mosaddegh, Iran's democratically elected Prime Minister. The book was generally well received by critics.

Stephen Kinzer
Stephen Kinzer (born August 4, 1951) is an American author, historian, and journalist. A former New York Times correspondent, he has published several books and writes for several newspapers and news agencies.
Chicago Tunnel Company
The Chicago Tunnel Company was the builder and operator of a 2 ft (610 mm) narrow-gauge railway freight tunnel network under downtown Chicago, Illinois.  This was regulated by the Interstate Commerce Commission as an interurban even though it operated entirely under central Chicago, did not carry passengers, and was entirely underground.  It inspired the construction of the London Post Office Railway.

Interstate Commerce Commission
The Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) was a regulatory agency in the United States created by the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887. The agency's original purpose was to regulate railroads (and later trucking) to ensure fair rates, to eliminate rate discrimination, and to regulate other aspects of common carriers, including interstate bus lines and telephone companies. Beginning in 1906, Congress expanded the ICC's authority to regulate other modes of commerce. The Commission's five members were appointed by the president with the consent of the United States Senate. This was the first independent agency (or so-called Fourth Branch).

Over the course of the latter half of the 20th century, Congress took away many of the ICC's powers and reassigned them to other federal agencies. Congress eventually abolished the ICC in 1995 and transferred its remaining functions to a new agency, the Surface Transportation Board.