hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rowrah
Rowrah is a village in Cumbria, England, and spans the civil parishes of Arlecdon and Frizington and Lamplugh. The majority of Rowrah is within Arlecdon and Frizington. The parish boundaries are formed from the Windergill Beck and Colliergate Beck: as such nine properties, Rowrah Hall Farm, Rowrah Hall, Ainsdale House, Rowrah Head, four properties on Pheasants Rise and Rowrah Station technically fall within Lamplugh.

Until 1974 Rowrah was part of the county of Cumberland.
Like many of the towns and villages in Cumberland, Rowrah is not mentioned in the Domesday Book as in 1092, the date of the book, the majority of Cumberland was within the kingdom of Scotland. Cumberland, and therefore Rowrah, did not permanently become part of England until 1273 with the signing of the Treaty of York.

Workington
Workington /ˈwɜːrkɪŋtən/ is a coastal port town and civil parish in the Cumberland district of Cumbria, England. The town is at the mouth of the River Derwent on the west coast, 32 miles (51 km) south-west of Carlisle and 8 miles (13 km) north-east of Whitehaven. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 25,448 and the built up area had a population of 21,275.
Bob Dotson
Robert Charles "Bob" Dotson (born October 3, 1946) is a New York Times best selling American author, teacher and retired television journalist.  His long-running series, "The American Story with Bob Dotson," was a regular feature on NBC's Today show for 40 years.

Newhouse School of Public Communications
The Newhouse School of Public Communications (formally S. I. Newhouse School of Public Communications; also as the Newhouse School) is the communications and journalism school of Syracuse University in Syracuse, New York. The school was named after publishing magnate Samuel Irving Newhouse Sr., founder of Advance Publications, who provided the founding gift in 1964.

The school enrolls approximately 2,000 undergraduate students, 180 residential master’s degree students, 200 online master's degree students, and 15 doctoral degree candidates as of 2022. Undergraduate admissions are highly selective. The school has about 80 full-time faculty members and about 50 adjunct instructors. Mark J. Lodato has been the dean of the Newhouse School since July 2020.
Celtic Warriors
The Celtic Warriors (Welsh: Y Rhyfelwyr Celtaidd) were a rugby union team from Wales, who played in the 2003–04 Celtic League and the 2003–04 Heineken Cup following the introduction of regional rugby union teams in Wales. They were effectively a temporary merger of Pontypridd RFC and Bridgend RFC. The Celtic Warriors played just one season before disbanding. The team was poorly supported, with Pontypridd RFC supporters reluctant to watch the Celtic Warriors play in Bridgend and trying to prevent any aspect of Bridgend RFC's indentity seeping into the new entity. The animosity and insistance that Pontypridd RFC be the focal point for the team despite almost all financial support coming from Bridgend led to its downfall and the demise of pro rugby in Rhondda Cynon Taf, something Pontypridd RFC was trying to protect.

2003–04 Heineken Cup
The 2003–04 Heineken Cup was the ninth season for which European teams competed for the Heineken Cup. Competing teams, from England, France, Ireland, Italy, Scotland and Wales, were divided into six pools of four, in which teams played home and away matches against each other. The winners of the pools, together with the two best runners-up, qualified for the knock-out stage.

This was the first competition in the series to employ the bonus point system for classifying teams. In prior competitions, teams earned two points for a win and one for a draw. Starting with the 2003–04 competition, teams earned points in the pool matches under the following scenarios:

Four points for a win

Two points for a draw

One bonus point for scoring four or more tries, regardless of the final score

One bonus point for losing by seven points or less
Brookhaven State Park
Brookhaven State Park is a 1,638-acre (6.63 km2) state park in Wading River and Ridge, New York, approximately 74 miles (119 km) east of New York City. Established in 1971, the park land was formerly the property of Brookhaven National Laboratory. Protecting a large amount of the Long Island Pine Barrens, the park also contains scattered wetlands.

Brookhaven State Park is located along the east side William Floyd Parkway, between NY 25 and NY 25A. The park contains 25 miles (40 km) of multi-use trails.

Wading River, New York
Wading River is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in Suffolk County, New York, United States, on the North Shore of Long Island. As of the 2010 census, the CDP population was 7,719. It is adjacent to Shoreham and shares a school district.

Most of Wading River lies within the Town of Riverhead, but a small portion is in the Town of Brookhaven. The name of the hamlet comes from the original Algonquian name for the area, Pauquaconsuk, meaning "the place where we wade for thick, round-shelled clams". It was also previously known as “Lonsefekwa”. "Wading in the River" or Wading River was adopted by the first English colonists.
Ava–Hanthawaddy War (1412–1414) orders of battle
This is a list of orders of battle for the 1412–1414 campaigns of the Ava–Hanthawaddy War (1408–1418). The list includes Ava's campaigns against Hanthawaddy's northern allies, Hsenwi (Theinni) and Maw (Mong Mao) as well as their overlord, Ming China.

G. E. Harvey
Godfrey Eric Harvey (1889 – 29 August 1962) was a British diplomat, historian and academic, specializing in Burmese history. He is best known for his seminal books on Burmese history, including History of Burma, which was published in 1925 and known for its Burmese chronicle perspective.
Single Table Inheritance
Single table inheritance is a way to emulate object-oriented inheritance in a relational database.  When mapping from a database table to an object in an object-oriented language, a field in the database identifies what class in the hierarchy the object belongs to. All fields of all the classes are stored in the same table, hence the name "Single Table Inheritance".   In Ruby on Rails the field in the table called 'type' identifies the name of the class.  In Hibernate (Java) and Entity Framework this pattern is called  Table-Per-Class-Hierarchy and Table-Per-Hierarchy (TPH) respectively., and the column containing the class name is called the Discriminator column.

Relational database
A relational database (RDB) is a database  based on the relational model of data, as proposed by E. F. Codd in 1970.

A Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) is a type of database management system that stores data in a structured format using rows and columns.

Many relational database systems are equipped with the option of using SQL (Structured Query Language) for querying and updating the database.
Chandler, South Australia
Chandler (or Chandler Siding), in the far north-west corner of the state of South Australia, is a rail siding on the Adelaide-Darwin rail corridor. It is about 56 kilometres (35 mi) north of the town of Marla near the junction of the Stuart Highway and the entry to the Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Aboriginal lands (APY Lands).

It was named in 1872 by the state government after an operator on the Overland Telegraph Line who lived nearby.

It was one of nine sidings to which names were assigned in 1978 in connection with the Tarcoola to Alice Springs railway, which was completed in 1980. Although the experiential tourism train, The Ghan, passes once a week on its journey between Adelaide and Darwin, the train is not accessible at Chandler.

Aṉangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara
Aṉangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara, also known as APY, APY Lands or the Lands, is a large, sparsely populated local government area (LGA) for Aboriginal people, located in the remote north west of South Australia.  Some of the Aṉangu (people) of the Western Desert cultural bloc, in particular Pitjantjatjara, Yankunytjatjara and Ngaanyatjarra peoples, inhabit the Lands.

Governance of the area is determined by the Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Land Rights Act 1981 (or APYLRA), whereby an elected executive board reports to the Premier of South Australia. The APY's administration centre is located at Umuwa.

A large portion of the APY Lands was formerly the North-West Aboriginal Reserve.
Babraham
Babraham is a village and civil parish in the South Cambridgeshire district of Cambridgeshire, England, about 6 miles (9.7 km) south-east of Cambridge on the A1307 road.

Babraham is home to the Babraham Institute which undertakes research into cell and molecular biology.

Babraham Institute
The Babraham Institute is a life sciences research institution focussing on healthy ageing. The Babraham Institute is based on the Babraham Research Campus, partly occupying a former manor house, but also laboratory and science facility buildings on the campus, surrounded by an extensive parkland estate, just south of Cambridge, England. It is an independent and charitable organization which is involved in biomedical research, including healthy aging and molecular biology. The director is Dr Simon Cook who also leads the Institute's signalling research programme.

The Babraham Institute is a member of EU-LIFE, an alliance of leading life sciences research centres in Europe. It is also a partner organisation of the University of Cambridge
Shilhaha
Shilhaha (Elamite si-il-ha-ha, or shi-il-ha-ha, mshi-il-ha-ha, cf. middle-Elamite shilha ‘strong’ ; fl. c. 1950 BC) was an Elamite ruler of the 20th century BC (Middle Chronology). He was first to be attested as sukkalmah in Elam, effectively founding the Sukkalmah Dynasty. At least 11 rulers of this dynasty used the phrase “descendant of Šilhaha” (ruhušak) in their titles as evidence of their legitimacy.
 Inscriptions on a bronze “gunagi” vessel  and on Atta-Hušu cylindroid  show that he was contemporary of Ebarat II, one of the last kings of Shimashki.

Sukkalmah dynasty
The Sukkalmah (c. 1900 – c. 1500 BC) or Epartid dynasty (named after the title sukkalmah used by many of the dynasty's rulers; as well as, the eponymous founder Ebarat II/Eparti II), was an early dynasty of West Asia in the ancient region of Elam, to the southeast of Babylonia. It corresponds to the third Paleo-Elamite period (dated to c. 1880 – c. 1450 BC). The Sukkalmah dynasty followed the Shimashki dynasty (c. 2200 – c. 1900 BC). The title of Sukkalmah means "Grand Regent" and was used by some (but not all) Elamite rulers. Numerous cuneiform documents and inscriptions remain from this period, particularly from the area of Susa, making the Sukkalmah period one of the best documented in Elamite history.
The Source Presents: Hip Hop Hits, Vol. 10
The Source Presents: Hip Hop Hits, Volume 10 is the tenth annual music compilation album to be contributed by The Source magazine and the final album in the Hip Hop Hits series to date.  Released July 26, 2005, Hip Hop Hits Volume 10 features sixteen hip hop and rap hits (one of them being the bonus track).  It went to number 47 on the Top R&B/Hip Hop Albums chart and number 60 on the Billboard 200 album chart.  The album promoted itself on the cover as the "Hip-Hop Hits 10th Anniversary Edition," which is not exactly accurate since the first volume in the compilation series was released eight years ago, and the previous two compilations were released in the same year the year before.

Two songs went to number one on the R&B and Pop music chart:  Goodies and Lean Back (the only Hot Rap Tracks number one hit on Volume 10).

The Source Presents: Hip Hop Hits
The Source Presents: Hip Hop Hits is the first annual music compilation album to be contributed by The Source magazine.
Released on December 16, 1997, and distributed through Polygram Records, Hip Hop Hits: Volume 1 features eighteen hip hop and rap hits.
Five tracks on the album had reached number-one on the Billboard Hot Rap Tracks chart: "Bow Down," "Can't Nobody Hold Me Down", "Crush on You," "Elevators" and "Hypnotize". Two of the songs, "Hypnotize" and "Can't Nobody Hold Me Down" reached number-one on the Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop and pop charts.
Semantic equivalence
In computer metadata, semantic equivalence is a declaration that two data elements from different vocabularies contain data that has similar meaning.  There are three types of semantic equivalence statements:

Class or concept equivalence.  A statement that two high level concepts have similar or equivalent meaning.

Property or attribute equivalence.  A statement that two properties, descriptors or attributes of classes have similar meaning.

Instance equivalence.  A statement that two instances of data are the same or refer to the same instance.

Data element
In metadata, the term data element is an atomic unit of data that has precise meaning or precise semantics. 
Data elements usage can be discovered by inspection of software applications or application data files through a process of manual or automated Application Discovery and Understanding. Once data elements are discovered they can be registered in a metadata registry.
In the areas of databases and data systems more generally a data element is a concept forming part of a data model. As an element of data representation, a collection of data elements forms a data structure.
Colibași, Giurgiu
Colibași is a commune located in Giurgiu County, Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of two villages, Câmpurelu and Colibași.

The commune is situated in the Wallachian Plain, on the left bank of the Argeș River. It is located in the northeastern side of Giurgiu County, 50 km (31 mi) from the county seat, Giurgiu, on the border with Ilfov County. Its neighbor to the north is Berceni commune; downtown Bucharest is 28 km (17 mi) away.

Berceni, Ilfov
Berceni is a commune in the southeastern part of Ilfov County, Muntenia, Romania, composed of a single village, Berceni.

The commune is located at the southern edge of Bucharest, about 15 km (9.3 mi) from the city center, to which it is connected by the Berceni Road and the DJ401 county road. On its northwestern side, the commune abuts the Berceni neighborhood of Bucharest, while on its southeastern side it abuts Giurgiu County.

From 1957 to 2016, Stadionul Berceni was the home ground for the football club ACS Berceni. In the summer of 2016, the team moved to Buftea after clashing with the local administration of Berceni.
Alfreð Finnbogason
Alfreð Finnbogason (born 1 February 1989) is an Icelandic former professional footballer who played as a striker and who is currently working as the Sports director of Eliteserien club Rosenborg.

With Heerenveen, Alfreð was the Dutch Eredivisie's top scorer in the 2013–14 season with 29 goals, a tally topped only by Luis Suárez, Cristiano Ronaldo and Jonathan Soriano in Europe's top leagues that season.

Alfreð made his debut for the Iceland national team against the Faroe Islands in 2010. He has earned 72 caps to date, scoring 18 goals. He was part of their squad at UEFA Euro 2016 and the 2018 FIFA World Cup, where he became the first Icelander to score a goal in the FIFA World Cup.

Swedish Football Association
The Swedish Football Association (Swedish: Svenska Fotbollförbundet, SvFF) is the governing and body of football in Sweden. It organises the football leagues – Allsvenskan for men and Damallsvenskan for women – and the men's and women's national teams. It is based in Solna and is a founding member of both FIFA and UEFA. SvFF is supported by 24 district organisations.
Windsor Village Historic District (Windsor, Vermont)
The Windsor Village Historic District is a historical district in the center of Windsor, Vermont. It includes several dozen properties which were built in the 18th, the 19th, and in the beginning of the 20th centuries, built in different architectural styles. The district is listed on the National Register of Historic Places since April 23, 1975.

Originally, the district was designated along Main Street, Depot Avenue, and State Street through and including Court Square. Later, Phelps Ct. was added.

Windsor, Vermont
Windsor is a town in Windsor County, Vermont, United States. As the "Birthplace of Vermont", the town is where the Constitution of Vermont was adopted in 1777, thus marking the founding of the Vermont Republic, a sovereign state until 1791, when Vermont joined the United States. Over much of its history, Windsor was home to a variety of manufacturing enterprises. Its population was 3,559 at the 2020 census.
Arabinda Mukhopadhyay
Arabinda Mukhopadhyay (18 June 1919 – 10 February 2016) was an Indian filmmaker, film director and editor, who directed all-time classics like Nishi Padma (1970), Dhanyee Meye (1971), Mouchak (1974) and Agnishwar (1975). He also wrote stories and screenplays.

National Film Awards
The National Film Awards are awards for artistic and technical merit given for excellence within the Indian film industry. Established in 1954, it has been administered, along with the International Film Festival of India and the Indian Panorama, by the Indian government's Directorate of Film Festivals from 1973 until 2020, and by the NFDC since 2021.

Every year, a national panel appointed by the government selects the winning entry, and the award ceremony is held in New Delhi, where the President of India presents the awards. This is followed by the inauguration of the National Film Festival, where award-winning films are screened for the public. Declared for films produced in the previous year across the country, they hold the distinction of awarding merit to the best of Indian cinema overall, as well as presenting awards for the best films in each region and language of the country.
Park County, Colorado
Park County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 17,390. The county seat and largest incorporated town is Fairplay, while the unincorporated community of Bailey is the largest settlement overall. The county was named after the large geographic region known as South Park, which was named by early fur traders and trappers in the area. Park County is included in the Denver–Aurora–Lakewood, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area. A majority of the county lies within the boundaries of the South Park National Heritage Area.

Aurora, Colorado
Aurora (/əˈroʊrə/, /əˈrɔːrə/) is a home rule city located in Arapahoe, Adams, and Douglas counties, Colorado, United States. The city's population was 386,261 at the 2020 United States census with 336,035 living in Arapahoe County, 47,720 in Adams County, and 2,506 in Douglas County. Aurora is the third-most-populous city in the State of Colorado and the 51st-most-populous city in the United States. Aurora is a principal city of the Denver–Aurora–Centennial, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Denver-Aurora-Greeley, CO Combined Statistical Area, and a major city of the Front Range Urban Corridor.
DUF3268 RNA motif
The DUF3268 RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure that was discovered by bioinformatics.
DUF3268 motifs are found in Bacillota and Clostridia.

DUF3268 RNAs are consistently found in the 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs) of operons that include genes which encode the conserved protein domain DUF3268, sigma factors and signal peptidases.  This genetic location could suggest that DUF3268 are cis-regulatory elements.  However, it is unusually for cis regulators to be present in 3′ UTRs in bacteria.  Therefore, it is also possible that DUF3268 RNAs function as small RNAs.

Predicted Rho-independent transcription terminators are often located nearby to (10–40) and downstream of DUF3268 RNAs.  These transcription terminators are consistent with both the hypothesis of cis-regulatory function and function as a small RNA.

The DUF3268 motif contains an experimentally validated kink turn that provided insight into the biochemistry of kink turns.

Bioinformatics discovery of non-coding RNAs
Non-coding RNAs have been discovered using both experimental and bioinformatic approaches.  Bioinformatic approaches can be divided into three main categories.  The first involves homology search, although these techniques are by definition unable to find new classes of ncRNAs.  The second category includes algorithms designed to discover specific types of ncRNAs that have similar properties.  Finally, some discovery methods are based on very general properties of RNA, and are thus able to discover entirely new kinds of ncRNAs.
Aldo Giuffrè
Aldo Giuffrè (10 April 1924 – 26 June 2010) was an Italian film actor and comedian who appeared in over 90 films between 1948 and 2001. He was the brother of actor Carlo Giuffrè.

He is known for his roles in The Four Days of Naples, and as the alcoholic Captain Clinton of the Union Army in the Sergio Leone film The Good, the Bad and the Ugly in 1966.

Giuffrè died in Rome in 2010 of peritonitis. He is buried at Cimitero Flaminio in Rome.

Sergio Leone
Sergio Leone (/liˈoʊni/ lee-OH-nee; Italian: [ˈsɛrdʒo leˈoːne]; 3 January 1929 – 30 April 1989) was an Italian filmmaker, credited as the pioneer of the spaghetti Western genre. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest directors in the history of cinema.

Leone's film-making style includes juxtaposing extreme close-up shots with lengthy long shots. His films include the Dollars Trilogy of Westerns featuring Clint Eastwood: A Fistful of Dollars (1964), For a Few Dollars More (1965), and The Good, the Bad and the Ugly (1966); and the Once Upon a Time films: Once Upon a Time in the West (1968), Duck, You Sucker! (1971), and Once Upon a Time in America (1984).
Accuracy assessment of land cover maps
Accuracy assessment of land cover maps is the process of evaluating the reliability and quality of land cover maps. These maps are typically derived from remote sensing or other geospatial data sources using classification techniques, and play a role in environmental monitoring, urban planning, and climate change studies, thus making accuracy assessment essential to their performance.

The accuracy is typically assessed by comparison with reference data. These data are usually ground-based data or high-resolution imagery that is considered to represent the "true" land cover. Comparison of land cover maps with reference data can help identify misclassifications, and is often quantified using metrics such as overall accuracy, user's and producer's accuracy, and the Kappa coefficient.
In addition to validating individual maps against reference data, accuracy assessments can compare different land cover products to evaluate their relative accuracy and suitability for various applications.

Ground truth
Ground truth is information that is known to be real or true, provided by direct observation and measurement (i.e. empirical evidence) as opposed to information provided by inference. The term ground truth appeared in remote sensing literature as early as 1972, when NASA described it as essential "data about ... materials on the earth's surface" used to calibrate measurements. It was later adopted by the  statistical modeling and machine learning communities.
2014 Pan American Women's Youth Handball Championship
The 2014 Pan American Women's Youth Handball Championship took place in Fortaleza from April 22 – 26. It acts as the Pan American qualifying tournament for the 2014 Women's Youth World Handball Championship and 2014 Youth Olympic Games.

2014 Summer Youth Olympics
The 2014 Summer Youth Olympics (Chinese: 2014年夏季青年奧林匹克运动会; pinyin: Èr líng yī sì Nián Xiàjì Qīngnián Àolínpǐkè Yùndònghuì), officially known as the II Summer Youth Olympic Games Chinese: 第二届夏季青年奧林匹克运动会; pinyin: Dì'èrjiè Xiàjì Qīngnián Àolínpǐkè Yùndònghuì, and commonly known as Nanjing 2014 (Chinese: 南京2014; pinyin: Nánjīng Èr Líng yī sì), were the second Summer Youth Olympic Games, an international sports, education and cultural festival for teenagers, held from 16 to 28 August 2014 in Nanjing, China. These were the first Youth Olympic Games held in China, making it the first country to host both regular and Youth Olympics following the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing and the first Youth Olympic Games under the IOC presidency of Thomas Bach.