hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Doomsday conjecture
In algebraic topology, the doomsday conjecture was a conjecture about Ext groups over the Steenrod algebra made by Joel Cohen, named by Michael Barratt, published by Milgram (1971, conjecture 73) and disproved by Mahowald (1977). Minami (1995) stated a modified version called the new doomsday conjecture.

The original doomsday conjecture was that for any prime p and positive integer s there are only a finite number of permanent cycles in

Mahowald (1977) found an infinite number of permanent cycles for p = s = 2, disproving the conjecture.  Minami's new doomsday conjecture is a weaker form stating (in the case p = 2) that there are no nontrivial permanent cycles in the image of (Sq0)n for n sufficiently large depending on s.

Steenrod algebra
In algebraic topology, a Steenrod algebra was defined by Henri Cartan (1955) to be the algebra of stable cohomology operations for mod  cohomology.

For a given prime number , the Steenrod algebra  is the graded Hopf algebra over the field  of order , consisting of all stable cohomology operations for mod  cohomology. It is generated by the Steenrod squares introduced by Norman Steenrod (1947) for , and by the Steenrod reduced th powers introduced in Steenrod (1953a, 1953b) and the Bockstein homomorphism for .

The term "Steenrod algebra" is also sometimes used for the algebra of cohomology operations of a generalized cohomology theory.
Get of Cleves
The Get of Cleves was a controversial get issued in Cleves in northwest Germany on 28 August 1766 (22 Elul 5526) purporting to dissolve a Jewish marriage solemnised 14 days earlier. The validity of the get in Halakha was disputed, with the central issue being whether the husband was of sound mind at the time of the divorce. Rabbis from Germany, the Netherlands, and Poland exchanged opinions on the question. The practical matter ended in 1767 when the spouses had a remarriage ceremony, although the validity of this was itself questioned. Two books, published in 1769 (Ohr HaYashar) and 1770 (Ohr Yisroel) gave extensive details of the case.

Jewish views on marriage
Marriage in Judaism is the documentation of a contract between a Jewish man and a Jewish woman. Because marriage under Jewish law is essentially a private contractual agreement between a man and a woman, it does not require the presence of a rabbi or any other religious official. It is common, however, for rabbis to officiate and there are rules governing the process of betrothal and consecration.

Non-Orthodox developments have brought changes in who may marry whom. Intermarriage is often discouraged, though opinions vary.

In Judaism, a marriage can end either because of a divorce document given by the man to his wife, or by the death of either party. Certain details, primarily as protections for the wife, were added in Talmudic times.
Ostankino (TV and radio company)
Russian State TV and Radio Company «Ostankino» (Russian: Российская государственная телерадиокомпания «Останкино» — formerly All-Union State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company) is the state broadcasting organization that managed part of the state television and radio broadcasting in Russia from December 27, 1991, to October 12, 1995.

VIDgital
VID (Russian: ВИД), (stylized as ВИD, lit. "View"; acronym of Vzglyad i Drugiye, "Outlook and Others",) formerly VIDgital (Russian: ВИDgital) from 2017 to 2020, is a Russian and former Soviet TV production company. VID produces shows for Channel One Russia, NTV and OTR. It is best known for producing the television programmes Wait for Me (Russian: Жди меня), designed to help people find loved ones and Pole Chudes (Поле Чудес) which is a popular Russian version of Wheel of Fortune.

VID's TV shows are also aired by Inter, ONT, Evraziya and Prime TV channels.
Heptapleurum arboricola
Heptapleurum arboricola (syn. Schefflera arboricola, Chinese: 鹅掌藤; pinyin: ézhǎng téng; lit. 'goose-sole vine') is a flowering plant in the family Araliaceae, native to Hainan Province, China and Taiwan. Its common name is dwarf umbrella tree, as it resembles a smaller version of the umbrella tree, Heptapleurum actinophyllum.

Heptapleurum actinophyllum
Heptapleurum actinophyllum (formerly Schefflera actinophylla) is a tree in the family Araliaceae. It is native to tropical rainforests and gallery forests in northern and northeastern Queensland coasts and the Northern Territory of Australia, as well as New Guinea and Java. Common names include Australian umbrella tree, Queensland umbrella tree, octopus tree and amate.
Ultrastenos
Ultrastenos is an extinct genus of Australian mekosuchine crocodilian that lived during the Late Oligocene in northwestern Queensland, Australia. Following its discovery, it was speculated that Ultrastenos was a slender-snouted animal similar to modern gharials or freshwater crocodiles due to the seemingly abruptly narrowing mandible. However, a later study found that this was a misinterpretation of the fossil specimen and that Ultrastenos instead had a more generalized lower jaw. The same publication also provided evidence that the fossils of Ultrastenos belonged to the same animal previously named "Baru" huberi, adding further evidence to the idea that the animal was short snouted, contrary to the initial hypothesis. Given that "Baru" huberi was named first, the type species of Ultrastenos changed from U. willisi to U. huberi in accordance with the rules of the ICZN. Ultrastenos was a small mekosuchine, measuring upwards of 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) long.

Quadrate bone
The quadrate bone is a skull bone in most tetrapods, including amphibians, sauropsids (reptiles, birds), and early synapsids.

In most tetrapods, the quadrate bone connects to the quadratojugal and squamosal bones in the skull, and forms upper part of the jaw joint. The lower jaw articulates at the articular bone, located at the rear end of the lower jaw. The quadrate bone forms the lower jaw articulation in all classes except mammals.

Evolutionarily, it is derived from  the hindmost part of the primitive cartilaginous upper jaw.
2010 Speedway Grand Prix of Italy
The 2010 FIM Nice Italian Speedway Grand Prix was the ninth race of the 2010 Speedway Grand Prix season. It took place on 11 September at the Pista Olimpia Terenzano in Terenzano, Italy.

The Italian Grand Prix was won by World Championship leader Tomasz Gollob, who become 2010 World Champion. Gollob won last year SGP also. Tomasz Gollob beat Chris Harris, Greg Hancock and Nicki Pedersen in the final heat.

2009 Speedway Grand Prix of Italy
The 2009 FIM Speedway World Championship Grand Prix of Italy will be the tenth race of the 2009 Speedway Grand Prix season. It took place on 26 September in the Pista Olimpia Terenzano in Terenzano, Italy. It will be first Speedway Grand Prix (SGP) event held in Terenzano; previous Italian SGP events had always taken place in Lonigo.

The first Grand Prix in Terensano was won by Pole Tomasz Gollob who beat Hans N. Andersen, Nicki Pedersen and Grzegorz Walasek in the final.
Australian Film Walk of Fame
The Australian Film Walk of Fame is a collection of plaques on the footpath outside the Ritz Cinema in the suburb of Randwick, Sydney, Australia. Formed in 2008 at the Ritz Cinema, the initiative was established to honour Australian actors and actresses for their contributions to Australian cinema.

Randwick City Council
The City of Randwick is a local government area in the Eastern Suburbs of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Randwick is the second-oldest local government area in New South Wales after the City of Sydney being established by proclamation in the New South Wales Government Gazette on 23 February 1859 as the Municipality of Randwick. It comprises an area of 36 square kilometres (14 sq mi) and as per the 2021 census had a population of 134,252.

The mayor of the City of Randwick is Cr. Dylan Parker, a member of the Australian Labor Party, who was elected on 8 October 2024.
Heaste
Heasta, Heast, or the anglicised form Heaste, pron. /heɪst/, is a small settlement on the island of Skye, Scotland. It is located on the west coast of the island five miles (eight kilometres) south of Broadford extending down to the north shore of Loch Eiseort, facing out to the Atlantic to the south west and is in the Scottish council area of Highland.

Broadford, Skye
Broadford (Scottish Gaelic: An t-Àth Leathann [ən̪ˠ t̪aːh ˈʎɛhən̪ˠ]), together with nearby Harrapool, is the second-largest settlement on the Isle of Skye, Scotland. Lying in the shadow of the Red Cuillin mountains, Broadford is within the parish of Strath. A long meandering village historically consisting of a few buildings on either side of the Broadford River, the many small townships around the wide sweep of the bay have grown together and Broadford now stretches for 1+1⁄2 miles (2.4 kilometres) around the southern side of Broadford Bay.
Anterolateral sulcus of spinal cord
The Anterolateral sulcus of spinal cord is a landmark on the anterior side of the spinal cord. It denotes the location at which the ventral fibers leave the spinal cord.

The anterolateral sulcus is less visible than the posterolateral sulcus.

Posterolateral sulcus of spinal cord
On either side of the posterior median sulcus of the spinal cord, and at a short distance from it, the posterior nerve roots are attached along a vertical furrow named the posterolateral sulcus. The portion of the medulla spinalis which lies between this and the posterior median sulcus is named the posterior funiculus.
H. E. and A. Bown
H. E. and A. Bown was an architectural practice in Harrogate, North Riding of Yorkshire, England, in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Its two partners were Henry Edwin Bown who started the business and died at the age of 36, and his brother Arthur Bown, who carried on the business until he retired in 1911.

The firm produced designs for many of Harrogate's villas, especially those in the West Park and Victoria Park estates, the Jubilee Memorial, Harrogate, and Queen's Park Lodge and fountain, Heywood, Greater Manchester, besides The Harrogate Club house, and Harrogate's drill hall. Many of their works are still standing, and the Jubilee Memorial and Queen's Park Lodge and fountain are listed buildings.

English billiards
English billiards, called simply billiards in the UK and in many former British colonies, is a cue sport that combines the aspects of carom billiards and pool. Two cue balls (one white and one yellow) and a red object ball are used (Sometimes the balls are marked with dots, similarly to carom billiards). Each player or team uses a different cue ball. It is played on a billiards table with the same dimensions as one used for snooker and points are scored for cannons and pocketing the balls.
HD 96566
HD 96566 is a single star in the southern constellation of Carina. It has the Bayer designation z1 Carinae; HD 96566 is the identifier from the Henry Draper Catalogue. This object has a yellow hue and is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of +4.62. The star is located at a distance of approximately 383 light years from the Sun based on parallax, but is drifting closer with a radial velocity of −1 km/s. It has an absolute magnitude of −0.81.

This is an aging G-type giant star with a stellar classification of G7.5III, which indicates it has exhausted the supply of hydrogen at its core then cooled and expanded off the main sequence. It has an estimated 3.7 times the mass of the Sun and has grown to 21 times the Sun's radius. The metallicity, or abundance of elements other than hydrogen and helium, is about the same as in the Sun. It is radiating about 242 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,913 K.

Carina (constellation)
Carina (/kəˈraɪnə, kəˈriːnə/ kə-RY-nə, -⁠REE-) is a constellation in the southern sky. Its name is Latin for the keel of a ship, and it was the southern foundation of the larger constellation of Argo Navis (the ship Argo) until it was divided into three pieces, the other two being Puppis (the poop deck), and Vela (the sails of the ship).
Canterbury Academy
The Canterbury Academy is a co-educational 11-19 academy school in Canterbury, Kent, England. It is a specialist Sports College and 15% of its 1081 pupils are selected on musical aptitude. The school was founded as a non-selective secondary modern foundation school before gaining academy status in 2010.

Simon Langton Grammar School for Boys
Simon Langton Grammar School for Boys (also known as The Langton Grammar School for Boys and simply referred to as The Langton) is an 11–18 foundation grammar school for boys and mixed sixth form in Canterbury, Kent, England. It was established in 1881.
Haukar (women's football)
The Haukar women's football team is the women's football department of the Haukar multi-sport club. It is based in Hafnarfjörður, Iceland, and currently plays in the 1. deild kvenna, the second-tier women's football league in Iceland, after being relegated from Úrvalsdeild kvenna in 2017.

Haukar
Knattspyrnufélagið Haukar (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈkʰnahtˌspɪ(r)tnʏˌfjɛːˌlaijɪð ˈhøyːkar̥], lit. 'Hawks Football Club') is an Icelandic multi-sport club from Hafnarfjörður with divisions in Football, Handball, Basketball, Rugby union, Karate, Skiing & Chess.
2017 Chevrolet Silverado 250
The 2017 Chevrolet Silverado 250 was the 15th stock car race of the 2017 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series and the fifth iteration of the event. The race was held on Sunday, September 3, 2017, in Bowmanville, Ontario, at Canadian Tire Motorsport Park, a 2.459 miles (3.957 km) permanent road course. The race took the scheduled 64 laps to complete. At race's end, Austin Cindric, driving for Brad Keselowski Racing, would spin out eventual-third-place finisher, GMS Racing driver Kaz Grala on the final lap to win his first and to date, only career NASCAR Camping World Truck Series win and his only win of the season. To fill out the podium, Noah Gragson of Kyle Busch Motorsports would finish second.

Chevrolet Silverado 250
The Chevrolet Silverado 250 was a NASCAR Camping World Truck Series race held at Canadian Tire Motorsport Park (Mosport). It was first held in 2013, and served as the second round of the Truck Series playoffs from their introduction in 2016.
Xolani Sotashe
Xolani Ronald Sotashe is a South African politician who is the former Leader of the Opposition in the Cape Town City Council,  former Leader of the African National Congress in the Cape Town City Council, Chairperson of the African National Congress Dullah Omar regional branch, current Member of the Cape Town City Council and the Chairperson of Subcouncil 9. He previously served as Chief Whip of the African National Congress in the Cape Town City Council and Chairperson of Subcouncil 24. He was the African National Congress mayoral candidate in 2016 and 2018, losing to Patricia de Lille and Dan Plato respectively.

Nomzamo
Lwandle/Nomzamo is a small township in the Helderberg basin just outside Strand in the Western Cape of South Africa. Both names are sometimes used interchangeably referring to both places. This may be attributed to the fact that Nomzamo was born as a result of overpopulation in Lwandle area which initially designed as a cheap accommodation for "single male workers" during the apartheid years.
2015 Poznań Open
The 2015 Poznań Open was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the twelfth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2015 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place at the Park Tenisowy Olimpia in Poznań, Poland from 11 to 19 July 2015, including the qualifying competition in the first two days. The tournament had its prize money increased to €64,000 + Hospitality, and thus offered 100 ATP ranking points for singles and doubles winners.

2015 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour, in 2015 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2015 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 166 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $40,000 up to $220,000. It was the 38th edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 7th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Bruno Labbadia
Bruno Labbadia (pronounced [labbaˈdiːa]; born 8 February 1966) is a German football manager and former professional player who played as a striker. During his playing career, he achieved notable success, winning the DFB-Pokal in the 1989–90 season with 1. FC Kaiserslautern and the Bundesliga title in 1993–94 with FC Bayern Munich. Labbadia also earned two caps for the German national team, representing his country at the international level.

As a manager, Labbadia has coached several Bundesliga clubs, most recently VfB Stuttgart. He was considered for the role of head coach of the Nigeria national football team, but ultimately declined the position. Labbadia is well-regarded for his ability to stabilize teams facing relegation challenges, making him a prominent figure in German football management.

2013–14 UEFA Europa League
The 2013–14 UEFA Europa League was the 43rd season of Europe's secondary club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the fifth season under its current title.

The final was played between Sevilla and Benfica at the Juventus Stadium in Turin, Italy, which was won by Sevilla on penalties, giving them a record-equalling third UEFA Cup/Europa League title. Chelsea could not defend their title as they automatically qualified for the 2013–14 UEFA Champions League and also reached the knockout stage.
Kethoxal
Kethoxal (3-ethoxy-1,1-dihydroxy-2-butanone) is an organic compound that has antiviral and anaplasmosis properties. It also forms a stable covalent adduct with guanine, which makes it useful for nucleic acid structure determination.

Antiviral drug
Antiviral drugs are a class of medication used for treating viral infections. Most antivirals target specific viruses, while a broad-spectrum antiviral is effective against a wide range of viruses. Antiviral drugs are a class of antimicrobials, a larger group which also includes antibiotic (also termed antibacterial), antifungal and antiparasitic drugs, or antiviral drugs based on monoclonal antibodies. Most antivirals are considered relatively harmless to the host, and therefore can be used to treat infections. They should be distinguished from virucides, which are not medication but deactivate or destroy virus particles, either inside or outside the body. Natural virucides are produced by some plants such as eucalyptus and Australian tea trees.
K-B-D
K-B-D (Hebrew: כ-ב-ד‎; East Semitic K-B-T; Arabic: ك-ب-د) is a triliteral Semitic root with the common meaning of to "be heavy", and thence "be important; honour, majesty, glory".

The basic noun formed from the root means "liver", "interior", "soul" in most Semitic languages.
The Akkadian word for liver is spelled with the sumerogram 𒂂, transliterated kabtu; the Ugaritic cognate is spelled 𐎋𐎁𐎄 kbd.

There is a wide range of uses for kbd as a noun among the Semitic languages. It can be used literally to denote the organ of the "liver", or more figuratively to refer to the "interior of the body", seen as being "the seat of human will and emotions."

Semitic root
The roots of verbs and most nouns in the Semitic languages are characterized as a sequence of consonants or "radicals" (hence the term consonantal root). Such abstract consonantal roots are used in the formation of actual words by adding the vowels and non-root consonants (or "transfixes"), which go with a particular morphological category around the root consonants, in an appropriate way, generally following specific patterns.

It is a peculiarity of Semitic linguistics that many of these consonantal roots are triliterals, meaning that they consist of three letters (although there are a number of quadriliterals, and in some languages also biliterals). Such roots are also common in other Afroasiatic languages. While Berber mostly has triconsonantal roots, Chadic, Omotic, and Cushitic have mostly biconsonantal roots; and Egyptian shows a mix of biconsonantal and triconsonantal roots.
Goleš mine
The Goleš mine was one of the largest magnesite mines in Kosovo, located in Kosovo Polje, Pristina District. The mine has reserves of 1.74 million tonnes of ore, 46.23% magnesite and 2.66% silica, amounting to 804,400 tonnes of magnesite and 46,300 tonnes of silica. It was shut down in early 2002.

Magnesite
Magnesite is a mineral with the chemical formula MgCO3 (magnesium carbonate). Iron, manganese, cobalt, and nickel may occur as admixtures, but only in small amounts. Magnesite occurs naturally in both cryptocrystalline and crystalline forms depending on the conditions of formation.

Magnesite is used in the production of magnesium oxide for the refractory lining of kilns and furnaces, as well as artistically in jewelry and sculpture. Since it may be formed by carbonation of magnesium serpentine, there have also been efforts to use magnesite for carbon sequestration.
History Line: 1914–1918
History Line: 1914–1918 (released in North America by Strategic Simulations as Great War: 1914–1918) is a turn-based tactics video game released in 1992 by the German team Blue Byte. The storyline takes the player through various battles of the First World War. It uses the software engine based on the better known Battle Isle '93.

Strategic Simulations
Strategic Simulations, Inc. (SSI) was a video game developer and publisher of over 100 games from its founding in 1979 to its dissolution in 1994 (though the brand was in use until around 2002). The company focused on computer wargames then later added role-playing video games. SSI published the Panzer General series and the official video game adaptations of Dungeons & Dragons.
Maccabi Zikhron Ya'akov F.C.
Maccabi Zikhron Ya'akov Football Club (Hebrew: מועדון כדורגל מכבי זכרון יעקב) was an Israeli football club based at Zikhron Ya'akov. The club was founded in 1913, and was one of the first football clubs established in Ottoman Palestine.

Zikhron Ya'akov
Zikhron Ya'akov (Hebrew: זכרון יעקב, lit. 'Jacob's Memorial') often shortened to just Zikhron, is a town in northern Israel, 35 kilometres (22 mi) south of the city of Haifa, and part of the Haifa District. It is located at the southern end of the Carmel mountain range overlooking the Mediterranean Sea, near the coastal highway (Highway 2).

It was one of the first Moshavot of Halutzim in the country, founded in 1882 by Jews from Romania, who in 1883 received support from Baron Edmond James de Rothschild and renamed their town in honor of his father, James Mayer de Rothschild ("James" being derived from the Hebrew name Ya'akov, Jacob). In 2023 it had a population of 24,126.
2008 NCAA Division II baseball tournament
The 2008 NCAA Division II baseball tournament was the postseason tournament hosted by the NCAA to determine the national champion of baseball among its Division II members at the end of the 2008 NCAA Division II baseball season.

The final, eight-team double elimination tournament, also known as the College World Series, was played at GCS Ballpark in Sauget, Illinois from May 24–31, 2008. This was the first Division II College World Series since 1984 to not be played in Montgomery, Alabama.

Mount Olive defeated Ouachita Baptist in the championship game, 6–2, to claim the Trojans' first Division II national title.

NCAA Division II baseball tournament
The NCAA Division II baseball tournament (formerly the NCAA College Division baseball tournament) is an annual college baseball tournament held at the culmination of the spring regular season and which determines the NCAA Division II college baseball champion.

The initial rounds of the tournament are held on campus sites, and, since 2009, the NCAA Division II Baseball National Finals have been held at the USA Baseball National Training Complex in Cary, North Carolina with the complex earning the bid to host through at least the 2026 championship. University of Mount Olive and Town of Cary are co-hosts of the National Finals.

Tampa has been the most successful program, with ten titles, including seven since 2006. Florida Southern is the second best with nine.