hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hybrid difference scheme
The hybrid difference scheme is a method used in the numerical solution for convection–diffusion problems. It was introduced by Spalding (1970). It is a combination of central difference scheme and upwind difference scheme as it exploits the favorable properties of both of these schemes.

Convection–diffusion equation
The convection–diffusion equation is a parabolic partial differential equation that combines the diffusion and convection (advection) equations. It describes physical phenomena where particles, energy, or other physical quantities are transferred inside a physical system due to two processes: diffusion and convection. Depending on context, the same equation can be called the advection–diffusion equation, drift–diffusion equation, or (generic) scalar transport equation.
Me and Orson Welles
Me and Orson Welles is a 2008 period drama film directed by Richard Linklater and starring Zac Efron, Christian McKay, and Claire Danes. Based on Robert Kaplow's novel of the same name, the story, set in 1937 New York, tells of a teenager hired to perform in Orson Welles's groundbreaking stage adaptation of William Shakespeare's Julius Caesar who becomes attracted to a career-driven production assistant.

The film was shot in London and New York and on the Isle of Man in February, March and April 2008, and was released in the United States on November 25, 2009, and the United Kingdom on December 4, 2009.

The film received generally positive reviews. McKay's portrayal of Welles was recognized with a multitude of accolades, and Me and Orson Welles was named one of the top ten independent films of the year by the National Board of Review. The film was box office disappointment, grossing $2.3 million against a budget of $25 million.

National Board of Review
The National Board of Review of Motion Pictures (NBR) is a non-profit organization of New York City area film enthusiasts.  Its awards, which are announced in early December, are considered the first major harbinger of the film awards season that culminates in the Academy Awards.
Lolita (orca)
Lolita, also called Tokitae or Toki for short, (c. 1966 – August 18, 2023), was a captive female orca of the southern resident population captured from the wild in September 1970 and displayed at the Miami Seaquarium in Florida. She was retired from performing and taken off public display in 2022, and subsequently died in August 2023. At the time of her death, Lolita was the second-oldest orca in captivity after Corky at SeaWorld San Diego.

In March 2023, the Seaquarium announced that plans were being made for Lolita to be moved to a pen in the Salish Sea for the remainder of her life. On August 18, 2023, Lolita died from renal failure after exhibiting signs of distress over the prior two days.

Salish Sea
The Salish Sea (/ˈseɪlɪʃ/ SAY-lish) is a marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean located in the Canadian province of British Columbia and the U.S. state of Washington. It includes the Strait of Georgia, the Strait of Juan de Fuca, Puget Sound, and an intricate network of connecting channels and adjoining waterways.

The sea stretches from the channels of the Discovery Islands north of the Strait of Georgia to Budd Inlet at the south end of Puget Sound. It is partially separated from the open Pacific Ocean by Vancouver Island and the Olympic Peninsula.

Much of the coast is part of the Pacific Northwest megalopolis. The region is anchored by Metro Vancouver to the north, and Metro Seattle to the south. Other principal cities on the Salish Sea include Bellingham, Port Angeles, Port Townsend, Everett, Tacoma, Olympia, and Bremerton in Washington, and Victoria and Nanaimo in British Columbia. As of 2021, the region was home to 8.76 million people.
Amos Eiran
Amos Eiran (Hebrew: עמוס ערן) is a former president of the University of Haifa in Israel.

He earned a BA in humanities from American University in Washington, DC, an MA in history from Tel Aviv University, a Diploma in Business Administration from Harvard University, and a Diploma in institutional investments from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.

University of Haifa
The University of Haifa (Hebrew: אוניברסיטת חיפה, Arabic: جامعة حيفا) is a public research university located on Mount Carmel in Haifa, Israel. Founded in 1963 as a branch of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, the University of Haifa received full academic accreditation as an independent university in 1972, becoming Israel's sixth academic institution and the fourth university. The university has the largest university library in Israel. As of 2019, approximately 18,000 students were enrolled at the University of Haifa. Among Israeli higher education institutions the University of Haifa has the largest percentage (41%) of Arab-Israeli students.
Warm (The Lettermen album)
Warm is a 1967 album by The Lettermen. The album cover featured the original line up of first tenor Jim Pike, second tenor Tony Butala, baritone Bob Engemann. Following this album Engemann left the group and was replaced by Gary Pike, Jim's brother. "Chanson d'Amour" was the first single, followed by "Our Winter Love" as the second single - in a new vocal version of the instrumental with lyrics written by Bob Tubert. The album title track "Warm" was the B-side.

Chanson D'Amour
"Chanson D'Amour" (French for 'Love Song'; pronounced [ʃɑ̃sɔ̃ damuʁ]) is a popular song written by Wayne Shanklin.  A 1977 recording by the Manhattan Transfer was an international hit, reaching number one on the UK Singles Chart.
Walworth (hamlet), New York
43°08′21″N 77°16′20″W﻿ / ﻿43.13917°N 77.27222°W﻿ / 43.13917; -77.27222
Walworth is a hamlet (and census-designated place) in the Town of Walworth, Wayne County, New York, United States. It is located in the southeastern corner of the town, six miles (10 km) north-northeast of the hamlet of Macedon, at an elevation of 541 feet (165 m). The primary cross roads where the hamlet is located are Penfield-Walworth Road (CR 205), Walworth-Marion Road (CR 207), Walworth-Ontario Road and Walworth Road (CR 208). N.Y. Route 350 passes just west of Walworth. Government offices for the Town of Walworth are located in the hamlet.

A United States Post Office is located in Walworth with a ZIP Code of 14568.

Macedon (hamlet), New York
Macedon is a hamlet (and census-designated place) located in the Town of Macedon in Wayne County, New York, United States.  As of the 2010 census, the hamlet had a total population of 1,523.  It is in the south-central part of the town and is southeast of Rochester.

Government offices for the Town of Macedon are located in the hamlet.
Sancho III of Castile
Sancho III (c. 1134 – 31 August 1158), called the Desired (el Deseado), was King of Castile and Toledo for one year, from 1157 to 1158. He was the son of Alfonso VII of León and Castile and his wife Berengaria of Barcelona, and was succeeded by his son Alfonso VIII. His nickname was due to his position as the first child of his parents, born after eight years of childless marriage.

During his reign, the Order of Calatrava was founded. It was also in his reign that the Treaty of Sahagún in May 1158 was decided.

Order of Calatrava
The Order of Calatrava (Spanish: Orden de Calatrava) is one of the four Spanish military orders and the first military order founded in Castile, but the second to receive papal approval. The papal bull confirming the Order of Calatrava was given by Pope Alexander III on September 26, 1164. Most of the political and military power of the order had dissipated by the end of the 15th century, but the last dissolution of the order's property did not occur until 1838.
Egypt–Morocco relations
Morocco-Egypt relations refers to the bilateral relations between Morocco and Egypt.
Since independence, the two nations have maintained warm relations. Egypt has an embassy in Rabat. Morocco has an embassy in Cairo. Both countries are members of the African Union, Arab League, GAFTA,  Non-Aligned Movement, Group of 77, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, and the Council of Arab Economic Unity.

Council of Arab Economic Unity
The Council of Arab Economic Unity (CAEU) (Arabic: مجلس الوحدة الاقتصادية العربية) was founded by Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Libya, Mauritania, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Tunisia, Syria, United Arab Emirates and Yemen on May 30, 1964, following an agreement in 1957 by the Economic Council of the Arab League.
Lotta Ökvist
Lotta Linnea Ökvist (born 17 February 1997) is a Swedish professional footballer who plays as a defender for Hammarby IF in the Damallsvenskan.

She previously played for Swedish clubs Piteå IF, Umeå IK, BK Häcken and Eskilstuna United, and Manchester United in the FA WSL. In 2020, she won her first cap for the Sweden national team.

Eskilstuna United DFF
Eskilstuna United DFF is a football club from Eskilstuna, in Södermanland County, Sweden. The club was established in 2002 and was promoted into the Women's Premier Division (Damallsvenskan) for the first time in 2014.

The club play their home games at Tunavallen in Eskilstuna. The team colours are blue and white. The club is affiliated to the Södermanlands Fotbollförbund.
Josh Heuston
Joshua Heuston (born 18 November 1996) is an Australian actor. He is best known for his roles in the Australian television series Dive Club (2021), More Than This, Heartbreak High and Bali 2002 (all three 2022); as well as for his work in modelling.

Bali 2002
Bali 2002 is an Australian-Indonesian historical drama television series. Developed by Screentime and Endemol Shine Australia for a co-commission between Stan and Nine Network, the four-part drama revolves around the 2002 Bali bombings. The series premiered on 25 September 2022. The series received a free-to-air release on 7 October.
Höfn
Höfn (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈhœpn̥]; or Höfn í Hornafirði; [ˈhœpn iː ˈhɔ(r)tnaˌfɪrðɪ] ⓘ, lit. 'Höfn in Hornafjörður') is a fishing town in southeastern Iceland. It lies near Hornafjörður fjord.

The town, the second largest in the southeastern part of Iceland, offers scenic views of Vatnajökull (the largest ice cap in Europe by volume). The community was formerly known as Hornafjarðarbær between 1994 and 1998.

Vatnajökull
Vatnajökull (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈvahtnaˌjœːkʏtl̥] ⓘ, literally "Glacier of Lakes"; sometimes translated as Vatna Glacier in English) is the largest and most voluminous ice cap in Iceland, and the second largest in area in Europe after the Severny Island ice cap of Novaya Zemlya. It is in the south-east of the island, covering approximately 8% of the country.
Daulis Prescott
Daulis Prescott Consuegra (born 2 September 1986) is a Colombian professional boxer who has challenged once for the WBA featherweight title in 2012. His older brother Breidis Prescott is also a professional boxer.

Breidis Prescott
Breidis Enrique Prescott Consuegra (born May 3, 1983) is a Colombian professional boxer. In his early career, he had a reputation as a formidable puncher, winning 18 of his first 20 fights by knockout. In 2008, Prescott first became known on the world stage when he upset heavily favoured and then-undefeated Olympian Amir Khan.
Janco Dada Museum
The Janco Dada Museum is located in Ein Hod, Israel. It is a museum that exhibits the work of Marcel Janco as well as art from the Dada movement and contemporary art.

The museum was established in 1983, by a group of Marcel Janco's friends, with the purpose of conserving the works and ideas of the sole Dadaist living in Israel.

Janco, who immigrated to Palestine in 1941, described himself as a romantic. In his eyes,  Ein Hod was the perfect location  for an  artists' village,  in the midst of nature, on the site of a deserted village, without electricity, water or roads.

Ein Hod
Ein Hod (Hebrew: עֵין הוֹד) is a village in Haifa District in northern Israel. Located at the foot of Mount Carmel and southeast of Haifa, it falls under the jurisdiction of Hof HaCarmel Regional Council and has the status of community settlement. In 2023 it had a population of 628.

The village is situated on a hillside amidst olive groves, with a view of the Mediterranean Sea. Prior to the 1948 Arab–Israeli War Ein Hod was the site of the Arabic village of Ein Hawd. Most of the Arab inhabitants were expelled during the war, however some remained in the area and settled nearby, forming a new village, also by the name of Ein Hawd.

After a failed attempt to create a moshav on the site, Ein Hod became an artists' colony in 1953.
Gary Connolly
Gary John Connolly (born 22 June 1971) is an English former professional rugby league and rugby union footballer.

He spent most of his career in rugby league, playing in the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s as a fullback and centre for St Helens, Canterbury Bulldogs, Wigan Warriors, Leeds Rhinos and for the Great Britain national team. He also played rugby union for Harlequins, Orrell and Munster.

Orrell R.U.F.C.
Orrell Rugby Union Football Club is a rugby union club from Orrell in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan, Greater Manchester.

The club was founded in 1927, holding a place in the top-tier of rugby union from 1986 to 1997.
Verrucaria
Verrucaria is a genus of lichenized (lichen-forming) fungi in the family Verrucariaceae. These lichens form crust-like growths on rocks, particularly limestone and other calcareous surfaces, though some species also grow on siliceous rock or occasionally on bark and soil. The genus includes both terrestrial species found in dry environments and marine species that can survive periodic flooding or permanent submersion in coastal and freshwater habitats. With about 150 accepted species worldwide, Verrucaria represents a challenging taxonomic group due to overlapping physical characteristics and the polyphyletic nature of the genus.

Calcareous
Calcareous (/kælˈkɛəriəs/) is an adjective meaning "mostly or partly composed of calcium carbonate", in other words, containing lime or being chalky. The term is  used in a wide variety of scientific disciplines.
Sonny Scott
Sonny Scott was an American country blues guitarist, singer and songwriter, primarily noted for his association with Walter Roland and Lucille Bogan. In 1933, Scott recorded seventeen tracks in his own name, although only twelve were released at the time. AllMusic noted that his vocal and guitar styling was similar to Ed Bell, Blind Boy Fuller, Curley Weaver, Furry Lewis, and Buddy Moss.

Information is minimal on Scott's life outside of his recording career.

Furry Lewis
Walter E. "Furry" Lewis (March 6, 1893 or 1899 – September 14, 1981) was an American country blues guitarist and songwriter from Memphis, Tennessee. He was one of the earliest of the blues musicians active in the 1920s to be brought out of retirement and given new opportunities to record during the folk blues revival of the 1960s.
Aguja Saint Exupery
The Aguja Saint Exupery is a mountain spear ('aguja') located near the Cerro Chaltén in the Los Glaciares National Park in Patagonia, Argentina.

The mountain is named in memory of Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, the French writer and aviator who was director of the Aeroposta Argentina airline and pioneered postal flights in the Patagonia region between 1929 and 1931.

The Aguja Saint Exupery is not as impressive as its taller neighbors Cerro Chaltén and the striking Cerro Torre, but due to the length of its climbing routes and the extreme weather conditions of the southern Andes, it shares the same big wall reputation as most Patagonian peaks. The Aguja Saint Exupery was first climbed on February 23, 1968, by Silvia Metzeltin, Gino Buscaini, Lino Condot, Walter Romano & Silvano Sinigoi, an Italian team of climbers who opened an 800 metres (2,625 ft) route on its East Pillar.

Fitz Roy
Monte Fitz Roy (also known as Cerro Chaltén, Cerro Fitz Roy, or simply Mount Fitz Roy) is a mountain in Patagonia, on the border between Argentina and Chile.
  It is located in the Southern Patagonian Ice Field, near El Chaltén village and Viedma Lake. It was first climbed in 1952 by French alpinists Lionel Terray and Guido Magnone.
Piano Concerto No. 2 (Mendelssohn)
The Piano Concerto No. 2 in D minor, Op. 40, was written in 1837 by Felix Mendelssohn and premiered at the Birmingham Festival on 21 September that year, an event that also saw the premiere of Mendelssohn's oratorio St. Paul. He had already written a piano concerto in A minor with string accompaniment (1822), two concertos with two pianos (1823–4), and his first Piano Concerto. The concerto is about 25 minutes in length, and is scored for solo piano, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 2 horns, 2 trumpets, timpani, and strings.

Piano Concerto No. 1 (Mendelssohn)
Mendelssohn's Piano Concerto No. 1 in G minor, Op. 25, was written in 1830–31, around the same time as his fourth symphony, and premiered in Munich on 17 October 1831. This concerto was composed in Rome during a travel in Italy after the composer met the pianist Delphine von Schauroth in Munich. The concerto was dedicated to her.

Mendelssohn attended one party after another in Munich in October 1831, the month of the premiere, but he also played chamber music and taught double counterpoint. He performed the piece himself at the premiere, which also included performances of his Symphony No. 1 and the Overture from Midsummer Night's Dream. He had already written a piano concerto in A minor with string accompaniment (1822) and two concertos with two pianos (1823–24).
Allie Wilson
Allie Wilson (born March 31, 1996) is an American middle-distance runner specializing in the 800 metres. She was the 2024 USA Indoor Track and Field Championships winner in the 800 m.

Her first major breakthrough came in 2018 during her third year at Monmouth University, advancing from 2:11 to a 2:04 best in the 800 m and qualifying for her first NCAA Championships. After a best finish of 5th at the 2019 NCAA finals, Wilson signed as a professional with the Atlanta Track Club coached by Amy Yoder Begley and her husband Andrew. She went on to finish sixth at the Olympic Trials and fourth at the 2022 U.S. championships, just one spot away from making a U.S. global championship team. At the 2022 NACAC Championships, she won the silver medal in the 800 metres.

Ajeé Wilson
Ajeé Wilson (/ˈɑːdʒeɪ/ AH-jay; born May 8, 1994) is an American middle-distance runner who specializes in the 800 meters. She is the 2022 World indoor champion at the 800 meter distance, after earning silver medals in 2016 and 2018. Wilson won bronze medals at both the 2017 and 2019 World Athletics Championships. She is the second-fastest American of all time in the event with a time of 1m 55.61s, and she holds North American indoor record.

Wilson won titles in the 800 m at both the 2011 World Youth Championships and 2012 World Junior Championships. Her winning time of 2:00.91 at the latter is the fourth-fastest time run by a high schooler behind Mary Cain, Kim Gallagher, and Natalie Dumas.
Prince Bishop (horse)
Prince Bishop (foaled 10 February 2007) is an Irish-bred Thoroughbred racehorse. He began his racing career in France as a three-year-old where he won the Prix du Prince d'Orange and the Prix du Conseil de Paris in 2010. He was later transferred to Dubai where he was based at Meydan Racecourse. He made occasional returns to compete in Europe and won the September Stakes in both 2013 and 2014. In March 2015 he won the world's most valuable race, the Dubai World Cup.

Monterosso (horse)
Monterosso (foaled 2007) is a British-bred Thoroughbred racehorse. He was originally trained in Britain, where he won three handicap races and the King Edward VII Stakes as a three-year-old in 2010. After being moved to the United Arab Emirates he recorded his most important success when he won the Dubai World Cup on 31 March 2012.
Japanese occupation of Malaya
Malaya, then under British administration, was gradually occupied by Japanese forces between 8 December 1941 and the Allied surrender at Singapore on 15 February 1942. The Japanese remained in occupation until their surrender to the Allies in 1945. The first Japanese garrison in Malaya to lay down their arms was in Penang on 2 September 1945 aboard HMS Nelson.

Singapore in the Straits Settlements
Singapore was part of the Straits Settlements between 1826 and 1942, together with Penang and Malacca. Singapore was the capital and the seat of government of the Straits Settlements after it had been moved from George Town in 1832.

From 1830 to 1867, the Straits Settlements was a residency, or subdivision, of the Presidency of Bengal, in British India. In 1867, the Straits Settlements became a separate Crown colony, directly overseen by the Colonial Office in Whitehall in London. The period saw Singapore establish itself as an important trading port and developed into a major city with a rapid increase in population. The city remained as the capital and seat of government until British rule was suspended in February 1942, when the Imperial Japanese Army invaded Singapore during World War II. Following the war, it was officially replaced by the Colony of Singapore in 1946.
Utupurshi
Utupurshi is the last known ruler of the kingdom of Diaokhi, a confederation of proto-Georgian tribes. His reign spanned over three decades during which he faced the expansionist policy of neighboring Urartu. He fought several battles against kings Menua and Argishti I in the first half of the 8th century BCE. His reign is documented through Urartian texts.

8th century BC
The 8th century BC started the first day of 800 BC and ended the last day of 701 BC. The 8th century BC was a period of great change for several historically significant civilizations. In Egypt, the 23rd and 24th dynasties lead to rule from Kingdom of Kush in the 25th Dynasty. The Neo-Assyrian Empire reaches the peak of its power, conquering the Kingdom of Israel as well as nearby countries.

Greece colonizes other regions of the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea. Rome is founded in 753 BC, and the Etruscan civilization expands in Italy. The 8th century BC is conventionally taken as the beginning of Classical Antiquity, with the first Olympiad set at 776 BC, and the epics of Homer dated to between 750 and 650 BC.

Iron Age India enters the later Vedic period. Vedic ritual is annotated in many priestly schools in Brahmana commentaries, and the earliest Upanishads mark the beginning of Vedanta philosophy.
Rimetea (river)
The Rimetea is a small river in the Apuseni Mountains, Alba County and Cluj County, western Romania. It is a right tributary of the river Arieș. It flows through the municipalities Rimetea and Iara, and joins the Arieș in the village Buru. Its length is 17 km (11 mi) and its basin size is 42 km2 (16 sq mi).

Iara, Cluj
Iara (Hungarian: Alsójára; German: Jahren) is a commune in the southern part of Cluj County, Transylvania, Romania. It is composed of thirteen villages: Agriș (Ruhaegres), Borzești (Berkes), Buru (Borrév), Cacova Ierii (Aranyosivánfalva), Făgetu Ierii (Bikalat), Iara, Lungești (Szurdoklunzsest), Măgura Ierii (Járamagura), Mașca (Macskakő), Ocolișel (Felsőaklos), Surduc (Járaszurdok), Valea Agrișului (Egrespatak), and Valea Vadului (Vádpatak).
José Lino Vargas
José Lino Vargas Jorquera (born 6 March 1930) is a Chilean politician. He was the 33rd Mayor of the commune of Pichilemu, office which he held between 1979 and 1981, after being appointed by the government junta presided by General Augusto Pinochet. The Cardenal Caro Province, of which Pichilemu is the capital, was created during Vargas' term as mayor. He also was a founding member of the Club Aéreo de Pichilemu (Aerial Club of Pichilemu); Vargas is an experienced pilot.

Government Junta of Chile (1973)
The Government Junta of Chile (Spanish: Junta de Gobierno de Chile) was the military junta established to rule Chile during the military dictatorship that followed the overthrow of President Salvador Allende in the 1973 Chilean coup d'état. The Government Junta was the executive and legislative branch of government until 17 December 1974, when Augusto Pinochet was formally declared President of Chile. After that date, it functioned strictly as a legislative body until the return to democracy in 1990.