hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Data Protection Act, 2012
The Data Protection Act, 2012 (The Act) is legislation enacted by the Parliament of the Republic of Ghana to protect the privacy and personal data of individuals. It regulates the process personal information is acquired, kept, used or disclosed by data controllers and data processors by requiring compliance with certain data protection principles. Non compliance with provisions of the Act may attract either civil liability, or criminal sanctions, or both, depending on the nature of the infraction. The Act also establishes a Data Protection Commission, which is mandated to ensure compliance with its provisions, as well as maintain the Data Protection Register.

Information privacy
Information privacy, also known as data privacy or data protection, is the relationship between the collection and dissemination of data, technology, the public expectation of privacy, contextual information norms, and the legal and political issues surrounding them.

Various types of personal information often come under privacy concerns. Privacy concerns exist wherever personally identifiable information or other sensitive information is collected, stored, used, and finally destroyed or deleted – in digital form or otherwise. Improper or non-existent disclosure control can be the root cause for privacy issues. Informed consent mechanisms including privacy policies and dynamic consent are important in communicating to data subjects the different uses of their personally identifiable information.
Adam Pulchrae Mulieris
Adam Pulchrae Mulieris, also called Adam de Puteorumvilla (fl. c. 1225) was a Paris master who studied under Peter of Lamballe, who flourished in the first half of the 13th century. Little is known of his life. He has been described as one of the “metaphysicians of light” (Robert Grosseteste was another). He was a contemporary of William of Auvergne, and his works are cited by Richard de Fournival, Gerard of Abbeville and Thomas Aquinas. The origin of his name is unknown.

The only book seriously attributed to him is Memoriale Rerum Difficilium, also known as De Intelligentiis. This was originally attributed to Witelo. It was published as Adam's in 1908 but in the 1930s the question of this attribution was re-opened.

William of Auvergne
William of Auvergne (Latin: Guilielmus Alvernus; French: Guillaume d'Auvergne; 1180/90–1249), also known as William of Paris, was a French theologian and philosopher who served as Bishop of Paris from 1228 until his death. He was one of the first western European philosophers to engage with and comment extensively upon Aristotelian and Islamic philosophy.
Sunland-Tujunga, Los Angeles
Sunland-Tujunga /təˈhʌŋɡə/ is a neighborhood in Los Angeles, California, within the Crescenta Valley and Verdugo Mountains. Sunland and Tujunga began as separate settlements and today are linked through a single police station, branch library, neighborhood council, chamber of commerce, city council district, and high school. The merging of these communities under a hyphenated name goes back as far as 1928. Sunland-Tujunga contains the highest point of the city, Mount Lukens.

Sun Valley, Los Angeles
Sun Valley is a neighborhood in Los Angeles, California in the San Fernando Valley region. The neighborhood is known for its younger population. There are three recreation centers in Sun Valley, one of which is a historic site. The neighborhood has thirteen public schools—including John H. Francis Polytechnic High School and Valley Oaks Center for Enriched Studies (VOCES)—and four private schools.
Art Greenspon
Arthur Greenspon  (born 1942) is an American retired photographer, notable for his coverage of the Vietnam War.  Greenspon went to the war as a stringer for United Press International after selling his car to fund the air fare.  He covered the Battle of Khe Sanh and Battle of Huế in early 1968 before being caught in an ambush in the jungle.  A photograph Greenspon took of the arrival of a medical evacuation helicopter was published on the front page of The New York Times and has been called the "best photo from the war".  Greenspon was wounded in May 1968 while covering fighting in Saigon and, finding he was unable to continue as a photographer, returned to the US.  He afterwards worked for The New York Times and for New York's Channel 13.  After leaving the media industry because of poor pay he studied for a degree and began a career in Wall Street finance.  After his retirement he retrained as a social worker to work with military veterans.

WNET
WNET (channel 13), branded on-air as Thirteen (stylized as THIRTEEN), is a primary PBS member television station licensed to Newark, New Jersey, United States, serving the New York City area. Owned by The WNET Group (formerly known as the Educational Broadcasting Corporation and later as WNET.org), it is a sister station to the area's secondary PBS member, Garden City, New York–licensed WLIW (channel 21), NPR member WLIW-FM (88.3) in Southampton, and two class A stations: WMBQ-CD (channel 46), and WNDT-CD (channel 14, which shares spectrum with WNET). The WNET Group also operates New Jersey's PBS state network NJ PBS, and the website NJ Spotlight through an outsourcing agreement.

WNET and WLIW share studios at One Worldwide Plaza in Midtown Manhattan; WNET's transmitter is located at One World Trade Center.
Malcolm Subban
Malcolm-Jamaal Justin Subban (/ˈsubæn/ SOO-ban; born December 21, 1993) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player who plays goaltender for HC Dynamo Pardubice of the Czech Extraliga. Subban was selected by the Boston Bruins of the National Hockey League (NHL) in the first round, 24th overall, of the 2012 NHL entry draft. He also previously played for the Vegas Golden Knights, Chicago Blackhawks, Buffalo Sabres, and Columbus Blue Jackets. He played junior hockey in the Ontario Hockey League with the Belleville Bulls.

His older brother, P. K., is a now-retired Norris Trophy-winning defenceman. His younger brother, Jordan, is a former draft pick of the Vancouver Canucks.

HC Dynamo Pardubice
HC Dynamo Pardubice is a professional ice hockey club that plays in the Czech Extraliga. Its home venue is Enteria arena located in Pardubice. The club  was originally named LTC Pardubice, acquiring its current name at the start of the 2015–16 season.
Eyo festival
The Eyo Festival, otherwise known as the Adamu Orisha Play, is a Yoruba festival unique to Lagos, Nigeria and has a strong historical footing in Iperu-Remo, a town in Ikenne Local Government, Ogun State. In modern times, it is presented by the people of Lagos as a tourist event. Due to the history of its development, it is traditionally performed on Lagos Island. A notable festival date was in 2000 commemorating Justice G.B.A. Coker, a Lagos high chief, the Olori Adimu and the Olori Eyo of the Adimu Eyo cultural masquerade. Chief Kabiru Adeshina Oshodi, a high chief who is a member of the Eyo Laba is the Heads of all Eyo masquerades in Lagos making him the Olori Eleyo of Lagos.

Justice (title)
Justice (abbreviation: [name], J. and other variations) is an honorific style and title traditionally used to describe a jurist who is currently serving or has served on a supreme court or some equal position. In some countries, a justice may have had prior experience as a judge or may have been appointed with no prior judicial experience. It is predominantly used today in the United States to distinguish those who serve on the U.S. Supreme Court from judges who serve on a lower court. Other countries, such as New Zealand and India, similarly use the title as a form of address for members of their highest courts.
Supphellebreen
Supphellebreen is a glacier in the Fjærland area of Sogndal Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north of the village of Fjærland.

It is located inside Jostedalsbreen National Park. It is a side branch of the main Jostedalsbreen glacier. The glacier is split into an upper and a lower part, with a non-glaciated area between. The glacier reaches down to an elevation of 60 metres (200 ft) above sea level, the lowest glacier level in southern Norway. The Bøyabreen glacier lies just northwest of Supphellebreen.

Jostedalsbreen National Park
Jostedalsbreen National Park (Norwegian: Jostedalsbreen nasjonalpark) is a national park in Norway that encompasses the largest glacier on the European mainland, Jostedalsbreen. The park was established by royal decree on 25 October 1991, and then in 1998, it was enlarged to the northwest.  The park now covers 1,310 square kilometres (510 sq mi), with the glaciers covering about 800 square kilometres (310 sq mi) of the park.
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic–United States relations
The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic and the United States do not have diplomatic relations as the United States since 2020 with the signing of the Israel–Morocco normalization agreement as part of the Abraham Accords recognized the region of Western Sahara as part of Morocco and the annexation of Western Sahara making it the first country to do so. Prior to 2020, the informal position of the United States was supporting Morocco's claim to Western Sahara under autonomy for the SADR without formally recognizing Morocco's annexation. The United States has often mediated proposals for both sides to find an amicable solution to the conflict mostly through the United Nations.

Baker Plan
The Baker Plan is a United Nations initiative to grant self-determination to Western Sahara initially proposed by UN special envoy James Baker in 2000. It was intended to replace the Settlement Plan of 1991, which was further detailed in the Houston Agreement of 1997.
Oregon Route 331
Oregon Route 331 (OR 331) is a short state highway in Umatilla County, Oregon. The highway runs 5 miles (8 km) entirely on the Umatilla Indian Reservation from Interstate 84 to OR 11 near  Mission. OR 331 is known as the Umatilla Mission Highway No. 331 (see Oregon highways and routes).

OR 331 was established in 2003 as part of Oregon's project to assign route numbers to highways that previously were not assigned.

Umatilla County, Oregon
Umatilla County (/ˌjuːməˈtɪlə/) is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. The population of 81,826 ranks it as the 14th largest in Oregon, and largest in Eastern Oregon. Hermiston is the largest and fastest growing city in Umatilla County, but Pendleton remains the county seat.  Umatilla County is part of the Hermiston-Pendleton, OR Micropolitan Statistical Area, which has a combined population of 94,833. It is included in the eight-county definition of Eastern Oregon.

The county is named for the Umatilla River.
Polish Coldblood
The Polish Coldblood is a modern Polish breed or group of breeds of draught horse of medium to heavy weight. It was formed in 1964 when the various regional draught breeds or types were merged into a single stud-book. Those local types derived from cross-breeding of local mares with imported stallions of heavy draught breeds, principally of Ardennais, Belgian Draught and Swedish Ardennes stock.

In the twenty-first century the horses are used for tractive power and are reared for horsemeat, particularly for the Italian market.

Belgian Draught
The Belgian Draught, Dutch: Belgisch Trekpaard, French: Trait belge, is a Belgian breed of draught horse. It originates in the region of the Low Countries that is now central Belgium, and may also be called the Brabant after the former Province of Brabant in that area.

The American Belgian Draught derives from the same original stock, but has developed differently.
Geode
A geode (/ˈdʒiː.oʊd/; from Ancient Greek  γεώδης (geṓdēs) 'earthlike') is a geological secondary formation within sedimentary and volcanic rocks. Geodes are hollow, vaguely spherical rocks, in which masses of mineral matter (which may include crystals) are secluded.

The crystals are formed by the filling of vesicles in volcanic and subvolcanic rocks by minerals deposited from hydrothermal fluids; or by the dissolution of syngenetic concretions and partial filling by the same or other minerals precipitated from water, groundwater, or hydrothermal fluids.

Hydrothermal circulation
Hydrothermal circulation in its most general sense is the circulation of hot water (Ancient Greek ὕδωρ, water, and θέρμη, heat ). Hydrothermal circulation occurs most often in the vicinity of sources of heat within the Earth's crust. In general, this occurs near volcanic activity, but can occur in the shallow to mid crust along deeply penetrating fault irregularities or in the deep crust related to the intrusion of granite, or as the result of orogeny or metamorphism. Hydrothermal circulation often results in hydrothermal mineral deposits.
West Huntspill
West Huntspill is a settlement and civil parish about 5 miles from Bridgwater, in  the county of Somerset, England. The parish includes the village of Huntspill and the hamlet of Alstone. In 2011 the parish had a population of 1414. The parish touches Burnham-on-Sea and Highbridge, East Huntspill, Otterhampton, Pawlett and Puriton.

East Huntspill
East Huntspill is a village and civil parish on the Huntspill Level, near Highbridge, Somerset, England. The civil parish includes Cote, Hackness and Bason Bridge.

The parish of East Huntspill has a population of 1,146.
Manton, New South Wales
Manton is a locality in the Yass Valley Council, New South Wales, Australia. It lies on both sides of both the Hume Highway and the Barton Highway to the east of their intersection about 10 km to the east of Yass. At the 2016 census, it had a population of 294.

Yass, New South Wales
Yass (/jæs/)
is a town on the periphery of the Southern Tablelands and South West Slopes of New South Wales, Australia. The name appears to have been derived from an Aboriginal word, "Yarrh" (or "Yharr"), said to mean 'running water'.

Yass is located 280 km south-west of Sydney, on the Hume Highway, and is 59 km from Canberra. It lies at an elevation of 505 metres. The Yass River, which is a tributary of the Murrumbidgee River, flows through the town.

Yass has a historic high street, with well-preserved 19th-century verandah post pubs (mostly converted to other uses). It is popular with tourists, some from Canberra and others taking a break from the Hume Highway.
Raid on Erikli
The raid on Erikli was performed by members of the Kuva-yi Milliye in the Greco-Turkish War. The Malgaç attack had shocked the Greeks, so the members of the Kuva-yi Milliye planned to perform another assault.

Malgaç Raid
37°53′23″N 28°09′27″E﻿ / ﻿37.88972°N 28.15750°E﻿ / 37.88972; 28.15750

The Malgaç Raid was a raid conducted by Yörük Ali Efe and his men on 16 June 1919. The target of the raid was the Malgaç railway bridge, which was used by the Greeks to transport military equipment to Nazilli and beyond. It was one of the first organized civil resistance attacks against the invading Greek forces in western Anatolia.
Jeff Reinebold
Jeff Reinebold (born November 19, 1957) is an American gridiron football coach who is currently serving as the special teams coordinator for the Ottawa Redblacks of the Canadian Football League (CFL). Reinebold has also coached for the Hawaii Rainbow Warriors,  Las Vegas Posse, Winnipeg Blue Bombers, BC Lions, Hamilton Tiger-Cats, and Montreal Alouettes. In addition to the CFL, he has coached in the NCAA, NFL Europe and The Spring League. He has also served in an executive for University of Hawaii—Mānoa. Reinebold appears as a football analyst on Sky Sports NFL telecasts in the United Kingdom.

Special teams coordinator
A special teams coordinator (STC) is a coach responsible for a gridiron football team's special teams unit. Generally, the special teams coordinator, offensive coordinator, and defensive coordinator represent the second level of a team's coaching structure, with the head coach being the first level. The primary role of the special teams coordinator is managing the roster of special teams players, overseeing the assistant coaches, developing the special teams game plan, and calling plays for the special teams during the game.

Unlike offensive or defensive coordinators, special teams do not usually employ individual position coaches, so special teams coordinators are directly responsible for the management and development of a team's kickers, kickoff specialists, punters, holders, long snappers, return specialists, upbacks, gunners, and jammers.
Trechaleidae
Trechaleidae (tre-kah-LEE-ih-dee) is a family of araneomorph spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1890. It includes about 140 described species in 18 genera, mostly in the New World tropics.

Other names for the family are longlegged water spiders and fishing spiders (although members of the genus Dolomedes are also commonly called fishing spiders). The family Trechaleidae is closely related to Pisauridae (nursery web spiders) and Lycosidae (wolf spiders), and the three families are sometimes referred to as the lycosid group.

Nursery web spider
Nursery web spiders (Pisauridae) are a family of araneomorph spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1890. Females of the family are known for building special nursery webs. When their eggs are about to hatch, a female spider builds a tent-like web, places her egg sac inside, and stands guard outside, hence the family's common name. Like wolf spiders, however, nursery web spiders are roaming hunters that do not use webs for catching prey.

The name "nursery web spider" is especially given to the European species Pisaura mirabilis.  Adult female specimens may reach up to 15 mm in length, excluding legs.  The legs of the male are longer in relation to body size than those of the female.
Wender Taxol total synthesis
Wender Taxol total synthesis in organic chemistry describes a Taxol total synthesis (one of six to date) by the group of Paul Wender at Stanford University published in 1997. This synthesis has much in common with the Holton Taxol total synthesis in that it is a linear synthesis starting from a naturally occurring compound with ring construction in the order A,B,C,D. The Wender effort is shorter by approximately 10 steps.

Raw materials for the preparation of Taxol by this route include verbenone, prenyl bromide, allyl bromide, propiolic acid, Gilman reagent, and Eschenmoser's salt.

Propiolic acid
Propiolic acid is the organic compound with the formula HC2CO2H.  It is the simplest acetylenic carboxylic acid.  It is a colourless liquid that crystallises to give silky crystals.  Near its boiling point, it decomposes.

It is soluble in water and possesses an odor like that of acetic acid.
French twist (hairstyle)
A French twist, also known as a French roll, is a common updo hair styling technique. It is created by gathering the hair in one hand and twisting the hair upwards until it turns in on itself against the head. It is then secured with hair accessories.

French twists are usually worn to proms and weddings. Hair clips or French pins are also commonly used with French twists.

Hairstyle
A hairstyle, hairdo, haircut, or coiffure refers to the styling of hair, usually on the human head but sometimes on the face or body. The fashioning of hair can be considered an aspect of personal grooming, fashion, and cosmetics, although practical, cultural, and popular considerations also influence some hairstyles.

The oldest known depiction of hair styling is hair braiding, which dates back about 30,000 years. Women's hair was often elaborately and carefully dressed in special ways, though it was also frequently kept covered outside the home, especially for married women.
Lokis (novella)
Lokis. A Manuscript of Professor Wittembach  (French: Lokis - Le manuscrit du professeur Wittembach) is an 1869 Prosper Mérimée horror fantasy novella. It was one of the last stories by Mérimée, started in July 1868 and published in the Revue des deux Mondes in September 1869. The title is a misspelling of the Lithuanian word lokys for "bear". The plot revolves around a young man who is suspected to be half-human half-bear. Robin MacKenzie from  University of St Andrews classifies the plot into a werewolf theme with some elements of vampirism (the motif of drinking blood repeats through the work). The novella primarily deals with the dual nature of human–beast. It also contrasts Western education and Christianity with pagan Lithuanian rituals and beliefs, on more broadly – cultured civilization with primordial wilderness.

Lithuanian mythology
Lithuanian mythology (Lithuanian: Lietuvių mitologija) is the mythology of Lithuanian polytheism, the religion of pre-Christian Lithuanians. Like other Indo-Europeans, ancient Lithuanians maintained a polytheistic mythology and religious structure. In pre-Christian Lithuania, mythology was a part of polytheistic religion; after Christianisation, mythology survived mostly in folklore, customs, and festive rituals. Lithuanian mythology is very close to the mythology of other Baltic nations, such as Prussians and Latvians, and is considered a part of Baltic mythology.
Guillaume Tell Poussin
Guillaume Tell de La Vallée-Poussin (1794–1876) was a French engineer and diplomat. He served as a captain in the United States Army Corps of Engineers and aide-de-camp to General Simon Bernard, working under the War Department’s Board of Engineers for Internal Improvements (1824–1831) on multi-state road and canal surveys. He later interpreted American internal improvements and railways for European readers and served as ambassador of the French Second Republic to the United States (1848–1849) before recall after a dispute with U.S. Secretary of State John M. Clayton.

Simon Bernard
Baron Simon Bernard (French: [simɔ̃ bɛʁnaʁ]; 28 April 1779 – 5 November 1839) was a French general of engineers. Born in Dole, Simon Bernard was educated at the École polytechnique, graduating as second in the promotion of 1799 and entered the army in the corps of engineers.
Štefánik's Observatory
Štefánik's Observatory (Czech: Štefánikova hvězdárna, obs. code: 541), sometimes called the Prague Observatory, is an astronomical observatory on Petřín hill in the center of Prague founded in 1928 and named after Slovak astronomer Milan Rastislav Štefánik. In modern times, the observatory specializes in the popularization of astronomy and related natural sciences.

Milan Rastislav Štefánik
Milan Rastislav Štefánik (Slovak: [ˈmilan ˈrascislaw ˈʂcefaːɲik] ⓘ; 21 July 1880 – 4 May 1919) was a Slovak politician, diplomat, aviator and astronomer. During World War I, he served at the same time as a general in the French Army and as Minister of War for Czechoslovakia. As one of the leading members of the Czechoslovak National Council (the resistance government), he contributed decisively to the cause of Czechoslovak sovereignty, since the status of Czech- and Slovak-populated territories was one of those in question until shortly before the disintegration of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1918. His personal motto was "To Believe, To Love, To Work" (Slovak: Veriť, milovať, pracovať).
Chinese Islamic cuisine
Chinese Islamic cuisine consists of variations of regionally popular foods that are typical of Han Chinese cuisine, in particular to make them halal. Dishes borrow ingredients from Middle Eastern, Turkic, Iranian and South Asian cuisines, notably mutton and spices. Much like other northern Chinese cuisines, Chinese Islamic cuisine uses wheat noodles as the staple, rather than rice. Chinese Islamic dishes include clear-broth beef noodle soup and chuanr.

The Hui (ethnic Chinese Muslims), Bonan, Dongxiang, Salar and Uyghurs of China, as well as the Dungans of Central Asia and the Panthays of Burma, collectively contribute to Chinese Islamic cuisine.

Panthays
Panthays are a Chinese Muslim ethnic group in Myanmar. They are one of the oldest groups of Muslims in Burma. The exact proportion of the Chinese Muslim group in the local Chinese population remains unknown due to a lack of data. However, they are concentrated particularly in the northern part of Myanmar, closer to Yunnan, China, from where the Panthays historically originated. They particularly reside in the towns of Tangyan, Maymyo, Mogok, and Taunggyi in Mandalay and Shan State.