hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Inverted relief
Inverted relief, inverted topography, or topographic inversion refers to landscape features that have reversed their elevation relative to other features.  It most often occurs when low areas of a landscape become filled with lava or sediment that hardens into material that is more resistant to erosion than the material that surrounds it.  Differential erosion then removes the less resistant surrounding material, leaving behind the younger resistant material, which may then appear as a ridge where previously there was a valley. Terms such as "inverted valley" or "inverted channel" are used to describe such features. Inverted relief has been observed on the surfaces of other planets as well as on Earth. For example, well-documented inverted topographies have been discovered on Mars.

Ridge
A ridge is a long, narrow, elevated geomorphologic landform, structural feature, or a combination of both separated from the surrounding terrain by steep sides. The sides of a ridge slope away from a narrow top, the crest or ridgecrest, with the terrain dropping down on either side. The crest, if narrow, is also called a ridgeline. Limitations on the dimensions of a ridge are lacking. Its height above the surrounding terrain can vary from less than a meter to hundreds of meters. A ridge can be either depositional, erosional, tectonic, or a combination of these in origin and can consist of either bedrock, loose sediment, lava, or ice depending on its origin. A ridge can occur as either an isolated, independent feature or part of a larger geomorphological and/or structural feature. Frequently, a ridge can be further subdivided into smaller geomorphic or structural elements.
Controlled Bleeding
Controlled Bleeding was an experimental music group based in Massapequa, New York. The group was founded by Paul Lemos, the group's only consistent member. Most of Controlled Bleeding's released recordings feature two main collaborators, Chris Moriarty and vocalist Joe Papa, who both died in the late 2000s. In February 2020 Lemos announced that the band had dissolved.

Since their first full-length release in 1983, Controlled Bleeding released over 30 albums spanning several different genres, many of which were released on notable independent labels. Their cross-genre approach combined with the out-of-print status of many of the group's releases is reminiscent of the work of other experimental and cross-genre groups of the 80s and 90s such as Coil and Swans.

Soleilmoon Recordings
Soleilmoon Recordings is an American record label that began in 1987 as a cassette label, operating from the back of a record shop called the Ooze in Portland, Oregon, US.

The first releases were by Smegma, Muslimgauze, Coil, and Nocturnal Emissions. In 1991 the shop was sold and Soleilmoon became a full-time label.
Mir (software)
Mir is a computer display server and, recently, a Wayland compositor for the Linux operating system that is under development by Canonical Ltd. It was planned to replace the currently used X Window System for Ubuntu; however, the plan changed and Mutter was adopted as part of GNOME Shell.

Mir was announced by Canonical on 4 March 2013 as part of the development of Unity 8, intended as the next generation for the Unity user interface. Four years later Unity 8 was dropped although Mir's development continued for Internet of Things (IoT) applications.

Mark Shuttleworth
Mark Richard Shuttleworth (born 18 September 1973) is a South African and British entrepreneur, founder and CEO of Canonical, the company behind the Ubuntu Linux operating system. In 2002, Shuttleworth became the first African to travel to space, doing so as a space tourist. He holds dual citizenship from South Africa and the United Kingdom. In 2020, the Sunday Times Rich List estimated Shuttleworth's net worth to be £500 million.
GM–Ford 6-speed automatic transmission
The GM–Ford 6-speed automatic transmission is an automatic transaxle originally designed for transverse engine applications in cars. With design work having begun in 2002, General Motors and Ford Motor Company jointly committed to investing US$720 million in their manufacturing plants to support the new transmission. Each company has named and manufactured the transmission separately.

Pontiac G6
The Pontiac G6 is a mid-size car that was produced by General Motors under the Pontiac brand. It was introduced in 2004 for the 2005 model year to replace the Grand Am.

The G6 shared the GM Epsilon platform with the Chevrolet Malibu, Saab 9-3, and other General Motors vehicles. Features included a remote starting system (standard on GT, optional on base model), traction control/ABS, electronic stability control, automatic headlights, as well as a panoramic sunroof option. A retractable hardtop convertible was offered for model years 2006-2009. Production ended in 2010 with the discontinuation of the Pontiac line. The final Pontiac branded vehicle was a white G6.

With the G6, Pontiac introduced a two-digit naming convention, with the Pontiac G8 a class above the G6 and the Pontiac G5 a class below.  In the case of the G6, the nameplate designated it as the sixth generation of its predecessor, the Pontiac Grand Am.
Secrets of the Alibi
Secrets of the Alibi is the second album by The Northern Pikes released in 1988.  It featured two hit Canadian singles - "Wait for Me" (#58)and "Hopes Go Astray".

Although this was their second album, the Pikes were nominated for "Most Promising Group" at the 1989 Juno Awards.  This was likely because no Juno Awards were presented in 1988, the year their debut album would have been up for nomination. They were also nominated for Best Video at the 1989 Juno Awards for their song "Wait for Me". They failed to win either award.

The album was certified Gold in Canada by the Canadian Recording Industry Association on July 18, 1991.

Juno Awards of 1989
The Juno Awards of 1989, representing Canadian music industry achievements of the previous year, were awarded on 12 March 1989 in Toronto at a ceremony in the O'Keefe Centre. André-Philippe Gagnon was the host for the ceremonies, which were broadcast on CBC Television.

Blue Rodeo won in three of its five nominations: Best Group, Best Single and Best Video. k.d. lang and Robbie Robertson were also notable winners in 1989.

The previous Juno Awards ceremonies were conducted on 2 November 1987. There was no awards event in 1988 due to a decision to restore the Juno scheduling to the earlier portion of each year. The awards had been conducted early each year from its 1970 inception until 1984.
MMT Observatory
The MMT Observatory (MMTO) is an astronomical observatory on the site of Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory (IAU observatory code 696). The Whipple observatory complex is located on Mount Hopkins, Arizona, US (55 km south of Tucson) in the Santa Rita Mountains. The observatory is operated by the University of Arizona and the Smithsonian Institution, and has a visitor center in nearby Amado, Arizona.
The MMTO is the home of the MMT (formerly Multiple Mirror Telescope), which has a primary mirror 6.5 m in diameter. The name comes from the six smaller mirrors originally used before the single primary mirror was installed in 1998. The primary mirror has a special lightweight honeycomb design made by the University of Arizona's Steward Observatory Mirror Laboratory.
The MMT is housed in a building which allows the walls and roof around the telescope to be completely rolled back, allowing it to cool down very quickly in order to improve  observation.

Altazimuth mount
An altazimuth mount or alt-azimuth mount is a simple two-axis mount for supporting and rotating an instrument about two perpendicular axes – one vertical and the other horizontal. Rotation about the vertical axis varies the azimuth (compass bearing) of the pointing direction of the instrument. Rotation about the horizontal axis varies the altitude angle (angle of elevation) of the pointing direction.

These mounts are used, for example, with telescopes, cameras, radio antennas, heliostat mirrors, solar panels, and guns and similar weapons.

Several names are given to this kind of mount, including altitude-azimuth, azimuth-elevation and various abbreviations thereof. A gun turret is essentially an alt-azimuth mount for a gun, and a standard camera tripod is an alt-azimuth mount as well.
Sam Goodman
Sam Goodman (March 19, 1931 – August 5, 1991) was an American Southern gospel singer/songwriter born in Bremen, Alabama.

Goodman performed with his siblings in The Happy Goodman Family, where Sam sang baritone and first tenor.  He also had a brief solo career.

Happy Goodman Family
The Happy Goodman Family is a Southern gospel group that was founded in the 1940s by Howard "Happy" Goodman and performed together for several decades. The Happy Goodmans achieved significant popularity in the 1960s. In 1968, they won the first Grammy Award to be awarded for a gospel album by a gospel group.
Verbesina
Verbesina, many species of which have crownbeard as part of their common names, is a genus of flowering plants, in the family Asteraceae. It is a large genus of about 350 species.

All of the species bear white or yellow flowers similar to small sunflowers. The name Verbesina very likely refers to the similarity of the foliage to that of the (unrelated) Verbena.

Verbesina species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species. These include Schinia bina, which has been recorded from V. encelioides, and Schinia siren which feeds exclusively on that species.

Pollen grains from eight of the nine species of Verbesina found in Brazil have been characterized as oblate-spheroidal, medium-sized, isopolar monads. They are 3-colplorate with a subtriangular amb, a small polar area, a long colpus, a lalongate endoaperture, a caveate exine and an echinate sexine.

Verbesina encelioides
Verbesina encelioides is a flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. Common names include golden crownbeard, cowpen daisy, gold weed, wild sunflower, butter daisy, crown-beard, American dogweed, and the Spanish Añil del Muerto ("indigo of the dead").

It is a summer annual with blooms resembling small sunflowers and distinctive flattened seeds. It is native to North America, growing in disturbed habitats.
Communicating vessels
Communicating vessels or communicating vases are a set of containers containing a homogeneous fluid and connected sufficiently far below the top of the liquid: when the liquid settles, it balances out to the same level in all of the containers regardless of the shape and volume of the containers. If additional liquid is added to one vessel, the liquid will again find a new equal level in all the connected vessels. This was discovered by Simon Stevin as a consequence of Stevin's Law. It occurs because gravity and pressure are constant in each vessel (hydrostatic pressure).

Blaise Pascal proved in the seventeenth century that the pressure exerted on a molecule of a liquid is transmitted in full and with the same intensity in all directions.

Pressure
Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed.: 445  Gauge pressure (also spelled gage pressure) is the pressure relative to the ambient pressure.

Various units are used to express pressure. Some of these derive from a unit of force divided by a unit of area; the SI unit of pressure, the pascal (Pa), for example, is one newton per square metre (N/m2); similarly, the pound-force per square inch (psi, symbol lbf/in2) is the traditional unit of pressure in the imperial and US customary systems. Pressure may also be expressed in terms of standard atmospheric pressure; the unit atmosphere (atm) is equal to this pressure, and the torr is defined as 1⁄760 of this. Manometric units such as the centimetre of water, millimetre of mercury, and inch of mercury are used to express pressures in terms of the height of column of a particular fluid in a manometer.
Deaths in January 2026
The following is a list of notable deaths in January 2026.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

House of Representatives (Indonesia)
6°12′37″S 106°48′00″E﻿ / ﻿6.21028°S 106.80000°E﻿ / -6.21028; 106.80000
The House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian: Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia, Indonesian pronunciation: [ˌdewan pərwaˌkilan ˈraʔjat re'publik indo'nesija], lit. 'People's Representative Council of the Republic of Indonesia', abbr. DPR-RI or simply DPR, Indonesian: [deˈpeɛr]), is one of two elected chambers of the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR), the national legislature of Indonesia. It is considered the lower house, while the Regional Representative Council (DPD) serves as the upper house; while the Indonesian constitution does not explicitly mention the divide, the DPR enjoys more power, privilege, and prestige compared to the DPD.

Members of the DPR are elected through a general election every five years. Currently, there are 580 members; an increase compared to 575 prior to the 2024 elections. Its members are called Members of Parliament (anggota dewan).
2013 London Marathon
The 2013 London Marathon was the 33rd running of the annual marathon race in London, England, which took place on Sunday, 21 April. The men's elite race was won by Ethiopia's Tsegaye Kebede and the women's race was won by Kenyan Priscah Jeptoo. Australian Kurt Fearnley won the men's wheelchair race, while American Tatyana McFadden won the women's wheelchair race with a new course record of 1:46:02.

Around 167,449 people applied to enter the race: 48,323 had their applications accepted and 34,631 started the race. A total of 34202 runners, 22,136 men and 12,066 women, finished the race.

In the under-17 Mini Marathon, the 3-mile able-bodied and wheelchair events were won by Alex George (14:34), Bobby Clay (16:24), Will Smith (12:41) and Jade Jones (12:39).

Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's marathon
The women's marathon at the 2012 Olympic Games in London was held on the Olympic marathon street course on 5 August.

The course started and finished on The Mall in central London. Runners completed one short circuit of 2.219 miles around part of the City of Westminster and then three longer circuits of 8 miles around Westminster, the Victoria Embankment and the City of London. The course was designed to pass many of London's best known landmarks, including Buckingham Palace, Trafalgar Square, St Paul's Cathedral, the Guildhall, Leadenhall Market, the Monument, the Tower of London and the Houses of Parliament.

Tiki Gelana from Ethiopia won the gold medal, completing the course in an Olympic record-breaking time of 2 hours 23 minutes 7 seconds. Kenya's Priscah Jeptoo finished second to win silver and Tatyana Petrova Arkhipova, representing Russia, took bronze.
Liu Chien-chun
Liu Chien-chun (1902 – March 17, 1972) was a Chinese politician who served as the third President of the Legislative Yuan of the Republic of China from 1949 to 1951. He was a member of the Tsotanhui Clique within the Kuomintang and a co-founder of the Blue Shirts Society. Liu was known for his sympathy toward fascism.

President of the Legislative Yuan
The president of the Legislative Yuan is the presiding officer of the Legislative Yuan of the Republic of China, which formerly ruled mainland China before 1949.

The incumbent president is Han Kuo-yu, a legislator from the Kuomintang.
Joulupuu on rakennettu
"Joulupuu on rakennettu" ("Christmas tree is built") is a Finnish Christmas carol that is among the most well known among the Finnish population.

The song was first published by the name "Joulu-kuusi" (Christmas tree) in 1876 in the schoolbook Uusi Kuwa-Aapinen, instructing that it should be sung with the traditional folk melody that was known at that time as "Lapsen laulu" (Song of a Child), a song published by Jaakko Juteini originally in 1819, and the final stable version in 1835.

Christmas in Finland
Christmas in Finland (Finnish: joulu; Swedish: jul) begins, as is commonplace on public holidays in Finland, on Christmas Eve (Finnish: jouluaatto; Swedish: julafton). Especially the evening of Christmas Eve has become the most important day of the Christmas period, and is nowadays a paid holiday in most workplaces. Unlike on other public holidays, public transportation stops almost completely on the afternoon of Christmas Eve in Finland. The Christmas period ends on Epiphany (Finnish: loppiainen; Swedish: trettondedagen).

In the BBC's 2023 article, Kinsey Gidick praises Finnish Christmas celebrations, especially the season of pikkujoulu ("Little Christmas"), which usually kicks off the Christmas festivities in Finland.
USS Louisville
Four vessels of the United States Navy have been named USS Louisville, after the city of Louisville, Kentucky:

USS Louisville (1861), was an ironclad steamboat used during the American Civil War

USS Louisville (ID-1644), was the steamship St. Louis renamed and used in 1918 as a troop transport

USS Louisville (CA-28), was a heavy cruiser commissioned in 1931 and active in World War II

USS Louisville (SSN-724), is a Los Angeles-class nuclear attack submarine commissioned in 1986 and decommissioned in March 2021

USS Louisville (CA-28)
USS Louisville (CL/CA-28), a Northampton-class cruiser, was the third ship of the United States Navy to be named for the city of Louisville, Kentucky. She was active throughout the Pacific War. USS Louisville was the first large warship to be built in a drydock.

Louisville was launched on 1 September 1930 at the Puget Sound Navy Yard, Bremerton, Washington, sponsored by Miss Jane Brown Kennedy,  and commissioned on 15 January 1931. Louisville since commissioning day has carried, on the prominent bulkhead, a shoe of the great stallion, Man o' War, as a talisman against evil.

She was originally classified as a light cruiser, CL-28, because of her thin armor. Effective 1 July 1931, Louisville was redesignated a heavy cruiser, CA-28, because of her 8-inch guns in accordance with the provisions of the London Naval Treaty of 1930.
PKS 1622−297
PKS 1622−297 is a blazar located in the constellation of Scorpius. It is one of the brightest objects of its type in the gamma ray region. It has a redshift of (z) 0.815. This blazar was first discovered as a compact astronomical radio source in 1970 by astronomers who were conducting interferometer observations and identified with an optical counterpart in 1984. In addition, the radio spectrum of the source appears flat, making it a flat-spectrum radio quasar (FRSQ).

Scorpius
Scorpius is a zodiac constellation located in the Southern celestial hemisphere, where it sits near the center of the Milky Way, between Libra to the west and Sagittarius to the east. Scorpius is an ancient constellation whose recognition predates Greek culture; it is one of the 48 constellations identified by the Greek astronomer Ptolemy in the second century.
New Orleans Willie Jackson
New Orleans Willie Jackson (1896 or 1897 – after 1930) was an American blues and jazz singer, active in New Orleans, Louisiana, and New York City, in the 1920s.

He sang blues, jazz, and comic numbers. Jackson frequently performed with pianist Steve Lewis at Spanish Fort, New Orleans, and they recorded some phonograph records. These were made for Columbia Records between 1926 and 1928.  Jackson also sang vocals in King Oliver's band, the Dixie Syncopators. Two of his songs, "How Long" and "She Keeps it Up All the Time," are featured on several New Orleans blues and jazz anthologies. He made the first recording of the track "T.B. Blues", which later became more associated with Victoria Spivey.

King Oliver
Joseph Nathan "King" Oliver (December 19, 1881 – c. April 10, 1938: 21 ) was an American jazz cornet player and bandleader. He was particularly recognized for his playing style and his pioneering use of mutes in jazz. Also a notable composer, he wrote many tunes still played today, including "Dippermouth Blues", "Sweet Like This", "Canal Street Blues", and "Doctor Jazz". He was the mentor and teacher of Louis Armstrong. His influence was such that Armstrong claimed, "if it had not been for Joe Oliver, jazz would not be what it is today."
Underwriting
Underwriting (UW) services are provided by some large financial institutions, such as banks, insurance companies and investment houses, whereby they guarantee payment in case of damage or financial loss and accept the financial risk for liability arising from such guarantee. An underwriting arrangement may be created in a number of situations including insurance, issues of security in a public offering, and bank lending, among others. The person or institution that agrees to sell a minimum number of securities of the company for commission is called the underwriter.

Debt service coverage ratio
The debt service coverage ratio (DSCR), also known as the debt coverage ratio (DCR), is a financial ratio that measures an entity's ability to generate sufficient cash to cover its debt obligations, including interest, principal, and lease payments. It is calculated by dividing the net operating income (NOI) by the total debt service. A higher DSCR indicates stronger cash flow relative to debt commitments, while a ratio below 1 suggests insufficient funds to meet payments. Lenders, such as banks, often set a minimum DSCR in loan covenants, where falling below this threshold may constitute a default.

In corporate finance, the DSCR reflects cash flow available for annual debt payments, including sinking fund contributions. In personal finance, it aids loan officers in evaluating an individual’s debt repayment capacity. In commercial real estate, it determines whether a property’s cash flow can sustain its debt, with typical minimums around 1.25.
1996 Japan Open Tennis Championships
The 1996 Japan Open Tennis Championships was a combined men's and women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Ariake Coliseum in Tokyo in Japan that was part of the Championship Series of the 1996 ATP Tour and of Tier III of the 1996 WTA Tour. The tournament ran from April 15 through April 21, 1996. Pete Sampras and Kimiko Date won the singles titles.

1996 ATP Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Tour is the elite tour for professional tennis organized by the ATP. The ATP Tour includes the Grand Slam tournaments (organized by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the ATP Super 9, the ATP Championship Series, the ATP World Series, the ATP World Team Cup, the Davis Cup (organized by the ITF), the ATP Tour World Championships and the Grand Slam Cup (organized by the ITF).
Slavko Osterc
Slavko Osterc (17 June 1895 – 23 May 1941), was a Slovenian composer.

Osterc was born in Veržej.  He studied under Emerik Beran, who was a pupil of Leoš Janáček, in his youth before attending the Prague Conservatory from 1925 to 1927. While there he studied under Karel Boleslav Jirák, Vítězslav Novák, and Alois Hába. Osterc was a professor at the Ljubljana Conservatory for much of his career, remaining there until his death. He was much the leading composer of Slovenia in the 1930s, as Marij Kogoj had been in the 1920s. One of his pupils was Pavel Šivic.

Vítězslav Novák
Vítězslav Augustín Rudolf Novák (5 December 1870 – 18 July 1949) was a Czech composer and academic teacher at the Prague Conservatory. Stylistically, he was part of the neo-romantic tradition, and his music is considered an important example of Czech modernism.: 155  He worked towards a strong Czech identity in culture after the country became independent in 1918. His compositions include operas and orchestral works.