hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sheffield City Battalion
The Sheffield City Battalion was a 'Pals battalion' formed as part of 'Kitchener's Army' during World War I. Raised by local initiative in the City of Sheffield, it became the 12th (Service) Battalion of the local York and Lancaster Regiment ('12th Y&L'). After almost two years of training, it was virtually destroyed on the first day of the Battle of the Somme in a disastrous attack on the village of Serre. The battalion continued to serve on the Western Front, including the Arras offensive, but it was disbanded early in 1918.

Kitchener's Army
The New Army, often referred to as Kitchener's Army or, disparagingly, as Kitchener's Mob,
was an (initially) all-volunteer portion of the British Army formed in the United Kingdom from 1914 onwards following the outbreak of hostilities in the First World War in late July 1914. It originated on the recommendation of Herbert Kitchener, then the Secretary of State for War to obtain 500,000 volunteers for the Army. Kitchener's original intention was that these men would be formed into units that would be ready to be put into action in mid-1916, but circumstances dictated the use of these troops before then. The first use in a major action of Kitchener's Army units came at the Battle of Loos (September–October 1915).
Huang Wenshan
Huang Wenshan (Chinese: 黄文山; pinyin: Huáng Wénshān, also known as Wen-shan Huang, 1898–1988) was a Chinese scholar of cultural studies, sociology, anthropology and ethnology.

As a university student he was a well-known libertarian socialist during the May Fourth Movement. In his subsequent career he became a leading advocate for the science of culturology, lecturing and publishing on the topic in Chinese and English, at first under the pen name Huang Lingshuang (Chinese: 黃凌霜; pinyin: Huáng Língshuāng) and later under his given name, while researching and teaching in China and the United States.

He was also an avid practitioner and promoter of tai chi (taijiquan), and wrote one of the earliest comprehensive and popular books on the topic in English, explaining tai chi practice in the context of its cultural and philosophical foundations. He was the grandfather of Chinese-American visual artist and film director Andrew Thomas Huang.

Alfred Kroeber
Alfred Louis Kroeber (/ˈkroʊbər/ KROH-bər; June 11, 1876 – October 5, 1960) was an American cultural anthropologist. He received his PhD under Franz Boas at Columbia University in 1901, the first doctorate in anthropology awarded by Columbia. He was also the first professor appointed to the Department of Anthropology at the University of California, Berkeley. He played an integral role in the early days of its Museum of Anthropology, where he served as director from 1909 through 1947. Kroeber provided detailed information about Ishi, the last surviving member of the Yahi people, whom he studied over a period of years. He was the father of the author Ursula K. Le Guin.
Nahum
Nahum (/ˈneɪ.əm/ or /ˈneɪhəm/; Hebrew: נַחוּם Naḥūm) was a minor prophet whose prophecy is recorded in the Tanakh, also called the Hebrew Bible and the Old Testament. His book comes in chronological order between Micah and Habakkuk in the Bible. He wrote about the end of the Assyrian Empire, and its capital city, Nineveh, in a vivid poetic style.

Habakkuk
Habakkuk, or Habacuc, who was active around 612 BC, was a prophet whose oracles and prayer are recorded in the Book of Habakkuk, the eighth of the collected twelve minor prophets in the Hebrew Bible. He is revered by Jews, Christians, and Muslims.

Almost all information about Habakkuk is drawn from the book of the Bible bearing his name, with no biographical details provided other than his title, "the prophet". He is mentioned in the deuterocanonical Additions to Daniel, and outside the Bible, he is mentioned over the centuries in the forms of Christian and Rabbinic tradition.
Rubaboo
Rubaboo is a common stew or porridge consumed by coureurs des bois and voyageurs (French fur traders) and Métis people of North America. This dish is traditionally made of peas and/or corn, with grease (bear or pork) and a thickening agent (bread or flour) that makes up the base of the stew. Pemmican and maple sugar were also commonly added to the mixture.

Rubaboo that is made by the Plains Métis is often made with pemmican, rabbit, prairie chicken or sage hen and a wide variety of wild vegetables such as wild parsnip (lii naavoo) onion, turnip, and asparagus that can all be added to the food with preference. The thickened mixture was later re-served as “rowschow” (re-chaud). Other sources describe it as consisting primarily of boiled pemmican, with thickening agents added when available.

Coureur des bois
A coureur des bois (French: [kuʁœʁ de bwɑ]; lit. 'runner of the woods') or coureur de bois (French: [kuʁœʁ də bwɑ]; pl. coureurs de(s) bois) were independent entrepreneurial French Canadian traders who travelled in New France and the interior of North America, usually to trade with First Nations peoples by exchanging various European items for furs. Sometimes they operated in competition with the larger and licensed voyageurs. Some coureurs des bois learned the trades and practices of the indigenous peoples, and even went into business with them.

These expeditions were part of the beginning of the fur trade in the North American interior. Initially they traded for beaver coats and furs.  However, as the market grew, coureurs de bois were trapping and trading prime beavers whose skins were to be felted in Europe.
Maya (operating system)
Maya OS is an operating system developed by the Indian Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) in 2021, with implementation commencing after 15-August-2023. It is based on the Ubuntu distribution of Linux.  Included with Maya OS is "Chakravyuh", an endpoint detection and protection system designed to safeguard against security threats.

The stated goal of the project is to protect sensitive defence systems and data from cyberattacks, promoting indigenous innovation by the Indian Computer Emergency Response Team and reducing dependence on foreign software.

Bharat Operating System Solutions
Bharat Operating System Solutions GNU/Linux, also referred to as BOSS Linux, is an Indian Linux distribution based on Debian. The latest stable release is 10.0 (Pragya), which was released in March-2024.
Leon Benko
Leon Benko (Croatian pronunciation: [lêon běːŋko]; born 11 November 1983) is a Croatian former professional footballer who played as a forward.

A product of NK Varteks youth academy, Benko had spells abroad in the German Bundesliga with 1. FC Nürnberg and in Belgium with Standard Liège and K.V. Kortrijk. He was the 2012–13 Prva HNL league's top goalscorer.

Croatian Football League
The Hrvatska nogometna liga (pronounced [xř̩ʋaːtskaː nôɡomeːtnaː lǐːɡa]; lit. 'Croatian Football League'), abbreviated as HNL and also known for sponsorship reasons as the SuperSport HNL, is a professional association football league in Croatia and the highest level of the Croatian football league system. Established in 1992, it was previously called Prva Hrvatska nogometna liga (1. HNL; lit. 'First Croatian Football League'), but a league structure reorganization from 2022–23 led to name changes for the three top league levels.
Mugum Karmarong Rural Municipality
Mugum Karmarong (Nepali: मुगुम कार्मारोंग गाउँपालिका) is a rural municipality located in Mugu District of Karnali Province of Nepal.
The rural municipality spans 2,106.91 square kilometres (813.48 sq mi) of area, with a total population of 5,393 according to a 2011 Nepal census. Mugum Karmarong is the second largest rural municipality of Nepal.

On March 10, 2017, the Government of Nepal restructured the local level bodies into 753 new local level structures.

The previous Dolphu, Mugu, Kimari, Pulu and Mangri VDCs were merged to form Mugum Karmarong Rural Municipality.
Mugum Karmarong is divided into 9 wards, with Pulu declared the administrative center of the rural municipality.

Kimari
Kimari  is a village development committee in Mugu District in the Karnali Zone of north-western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 743 people living in 131 individual households. Most of the people are named "The Herro" or "Kimawi.
Aquaparamyxovirus
Aquaparamyxovirus is a genus of viruses in the family Paramyxoviridae, order Mononegavirales. The genus includes two species. Fish serve as the natural hosts for AsaPV, in which the virus may cause proliferative gill inflammation.

Paramyxoviridae
Paramyxoviridae (from Greek para- “by the side of” and myxa “mucus”) is a family of negative-strand RNA viruses in the order Mononegavirales. Vertebrates serve as natural hosts. Diseases associated with this family include measles, mumps, and respiratory tract infections. The family has nine subfamilies that contain 23 genera.
2024 Indiana House of Representatives election
The 2024 elections for the Indiana House of Representatives took place on Tuesday November 5, 2024, to elect representatives from all 100 districts in the Indiana House of Representatives. The primary elections took place on May 7, 2024. The Republican Party has held a House majority since 2011.

The elections for United States presidential election, Indiana's nine congressional districts, Indiana governor, and Indiana state senate were also held on this date.

2024 Indiana gubernatorial election
The 2024 Indiana gubernatorial election was held on November 5, 2024, to elect the next governor of Indiana, concurrently with the 2024 U.S. presidential election, as well as elections to the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives and various state and local elections.  Republican Senator Mike Braun won his first term in office, defeating Democrat former state Superintendent of Public Instruction Jennifer McCormick. He succeeded Republican incumbent Eric Holcomb, who was term-limited and could not seek a third consecutive term.

Primary elections took place on May 7, 2024, in which Republican U.S. Senator Mike Braun, Democratic former state Superintendent of Public Instruction Jennifer McCormick, and Libertarian software engineer Donald Rainwater won their respective parties' nominations. Braun defeated McCormick with 54.4 percent of the vote in the general election.
Wolfgang Holzmair
Wolfgang Holzmair (born 1952 in Vöcklabruck) is an Austrian baritone.

Holzmair studied at the Vienna Academy of Music and Dramatic Art. He won 2nd prize in the baritone class of the 's-Hertogenbosch International Vocal Competition in 1981, and a year later 1st prize in the Musikverein International Lieder Competition, Vienna.

A German Requiem (Brahms)
A German Requiem, to Words of the Holy Scriptures, Op. 45 (German: Ein deutsches Requiem, nach Worten der heiligen Schrift) by Johannes Brahms, is a large-scale work for chorus, orchestra, and soprano and baritone soloists, composed between 1865 and 1868. It comprises seven movements, which together last 65 to 80 minutes, making this work both Brahms's longest composition and largest-ensemble work. A German Requiem is sacred but non-liturgical, and unlike a long tradition of the Latin Requiem, A German Requiem, as its title states, is set in the German language.
Maefutago Kofun
Maefutago Kofun (前二子古墳) is a Kofun period burial mound located in the Nishi-Ōmuro neighborhood of what is now the city of Takasaki, Gunma Prefecture in the northern Kantō region of Japan. It was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1927. It is estimated to have been built around  beginning of the 6th century AD and is part of a group of at least six kofun which were concentrated in the vicinity, forming the Ōmuro Kofun Cluster. Within the Ōmuro Kofun Cluster are also the Nakafutago Kofun and the Ushirofutago Kofun, which have a separate National Historic Site designations.

Maebashi
Maebashi (前橋市, Maebashi-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [ma.eꜜ.ba.ɕi, maꜜ.e-, ma.e.ba.ɕiꜜ.ɕi], locally [ma.e.ba.ɕi]) is the capital city of Gunma Prefecture, in the northern Kantō region of Japan. As of 31 August 2020, the city had an estimated population of 335,352 in 151,171 households, and a population density of 1100 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 311.59 km2 (120.31 sq mi).  It was the most populous city within Gunma Prefecture until Takasaki merged with nearby towns between 2006 and 2009. Maebashi is known to be the "City of Water, Greenery and Poets" because of its pure waters, its rich nature and because it gave birth to several Japanese contemporary poets, such as Sakutarō Hagiwara.
Chad Hayes (American football)
Chad Hayes (born January 26, 1979 in Old Town, Maine) is a former American football tight end. He graduated from Old Town High School before playing football for the University of Maine Black Bears. In 2001, he was a second-team I-AA All American with Maine. Hayes went undrafted in the 2002 NFL draft but played in the National Football League in either the preseason or on the practice squad with the Kansas City Chiefs, Cincinnati Bengals, San Diego Chargers and Tennessee Titans. Prior to the 2002 Draft, Hayes was ranked the 17th best tight end prospect, ahead of future NFL players Jeb Putzier, John Owens, Kori Dickerson and John Gilmore.

In 2003, Hayes played for the Berlin Thunder in NFL Europe and caught 12 passes for 122 yards. In 2004, Hayes competed for the Frankfurt Galaxy in NFL Europe and made 11 catches for 144 yards during the regular season. In the World Bowl XII, Hayes caught two passes for 18 yards though the Galaxy lost to the Berlin Thunder 30–24.

John Owens (American football)
John Wesley Owens (born January 10, 1980) is an American former professional football tight end. He was selected by the Detroit Lions of the National Football League (NFL) in the fifth round of the 2002 NFL draft. He played college football at Notre Dame.

Owens was also a member of the Chicago Bears, Miami Dolphins, Cleveland Browns, New Orleans Saints, Seattle Seahawks, and Oakland Raiders.
George Claghorn
George Claghorn (July 17, 1748 [O.S. July 6, 1748] – February 3, 1824) was an American patriot and shipwright.  He served as an officer in the American Revolutionary War and was wounded in the Battle of Bunker Hill.  After the war, he was awarded the rank of colonel in the Massachusetts militia.  Claghorn was the master shipbuilder of the USS Constitution (a.k.a. Old Ironsides), which he and Samuel Nicholson built for the early United States Navy during the years 1794–1797. Old Ironsides is the oldest naval vessel in the world that is still commissioned, afloat and seaworthy.

Joshua Humphreys
Joshua Humphreys (June 17, 1751 – January 12, 1838) was an American shipwright.  He was the constructor of the original six frigates of the United States Navy and is known as the "Father of the American Navy". Humphreys was born in Ardmore, Haverford Township, Pennsylvania, where he lived his entire life.  He was the son of Joshua Humphreys (for whom he was named) and Sarah Williams, grandson of Daniel Humphreys and Hannah Wynne (daughter of Dr. Thomas Wynne). He was a nephew of Charles Humphreys, a leading Pennsylvania Patriot. His home, Pont Reading, is still a private residence.
Nastulus
Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh Nasṭūlus (Arabic: محمد بن عبد الله نسطولس; known as Nasṭūlus, but also referred to as Basṭūlus) was a 10th century astronomer. He is known for making one of the oldest surviving astrolabes, dated 927/928, as well as of another partially preserved astrolabe that bears his signature, "Made by Nasṭūlus in the year 315" of hijra (925).

Very little is known about Nasṭūlus. His full name, based on a testimony given by a contemporary astronomer, Abu Sa'id al-Sijzi, indicates that he was a Muslim, but some modern historians have suggested that his foreign last name may indicate that he was Greek or Nestorian.

Al-Sijzi
Abu Sa'id Ahmed ibn Mohammed ibn Abd al-Jalil al-Sijzi (c. 945 - c. 1020, also known as al-Sinjari and al-Sijazi; Persian: ابوسعید سجزی; Al-Sijzi is short for "Al-Sijistani") was an Iranian Muslim astronomer, mathematician, and astrologer. He is notable for his correspondence with al-Biruni and for proposing that the Earth rotates around its axis in the 10th century.

He dedicated work to 'Adud al-Daula, who was probably his patron, and to the prince of Balkh. He also worked in Shiraz making astronomical observations from 969 to 970.
Anatoly Gorsky
Anatoly Veniaminovich Gorsky (Russian: Анатолий Вениаминович Горский; c. 1907 – 1980) was a Soviet spy who, undercover as First Secretary "Anatoly Borisovich Gromov" of the Soviet Embassy in Washington, was secretly rezident in the United States at the end of World War II.

Chronology of Soviet secret police agencies
There were a succession of Soviet secret police agencies over time. The Okhrana was abolished by the Provisional government after the first revolution of 1917, and the first secret police after the October Revolution, created by Vladimir Lenin's decree on December 20, 1917, was called "Cheka" (ЧК). Officers were referred to as "chekists", a name that is still informally applied to people under the Federal Security Service of Russia, the KGB's successor in Russia after the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

For most agencies listed here, secret policing operations were only part of their function; for instance, the KGB was both a secret police and an intelligence agency.
Four Corners (patience)
Four Corners, also known as Les Quatre Coins, Cornerstones, or Corner Patience, is a solitaire card game which is played with two decks of playing cards. It is so called because of the pile of four cards at the corners of the tableau.

The version discussed in this article is the more prevalent version printed in two books: Card Games for One by Peter Arnold and The Complete Book of Solitaire and Patience Games by Albert Morehead and Geoffrey Mott-Smith.

Solitaire
Solitaire, patience, or card solitaire refer to a genre of card games whose common feature is that the aim is to arrange the cards in some systematic order or, in a few cases, to pair them off in order to discard them. Most are intended for play by a single player, but there are varieties for two or more players.
2024 AFC U-17 Women's Asian Cup qualification
The 2024 AFC U-17 Women's Asian Cup qualification was the qualification process organized by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) to determine the participating teams for the 2024 AFC U-17 Women's Asian Cup, the 9th edition of the international women's under-17 football championship of Asia. Therefore, players born on or after 1 January 2007 were eligible to participate.

A total of eight teams qualified to play in the final tournament in Indonesia. The host country Indonesia and the top three teams of the previous tournament (Japan, North Korea and China) qualified automatically, while the other four teams were decided by qualification, with the matches played between 22–30 April 2023 (first round) and 19–24 September 2023 (second round) in centralised venues.

This tournament also served as the first stage of Asian qualification for the 2024 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup, where three teams from the U-17 Women's Asian Cup qualify directly for the World Cup.

UTC+07:00
UTC+07:00 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of +07:00. In ISO 8601, the associated time would be written as 2026-02-17T21:18:31+07:00. It is seven hours ahead of UTC, meaning that when the time in UTC is midnight (00:00), the time in areas using the time zone would be 07:00.

Also known as Indochina Time (ICT) and Western Indonesian Time (Indonesian: Waktu Indonesia Barat, WIB) (in Indonesia), it is used in:
Longitudinal stability
In flight dynamics, longitudinal stability is the stability of an aircraft in the longitudinal, or pitching, plane. This characteristic is important in determining whether an aircraft pilot will be able to control the aircraft in the pitching plane without requiring excessive attention or excessive strength.

The longitudinal stability of an aircraft, also called pitch stability, refers to the aircraft's stability in its plane of symmetry about the lateral axis (the axis along the wingspan). It is an important aspect of the handling qualities of the aircraft, and one of the main factors determining the ease with which the pilot is able to maintain level flight.

Longitudinal static stability refers to the aircraft's initial tendency on pitching. Dynamic stability refers to whether oscillations tend to increase, decrease or stay constant.

Phugoid
In aviation, a phugoid or fugoid (/ˈfjuːɡɔɪd/ ⓘ) is an aircraft motion in which the vehicle pitches up and climbs, and then pitches down and descends, accompanied by speeding up and slowing down as it goes "downhill" and "uphill". This is one of the basic flight dynamics modes of an aircraft (others include short period, roll subsidence, dutch roll, and spiral divergence).
Khusrau Khan
Nasir ud-Din Khusrau Shah, better known as Khusrau Khan, was an Indian Sultan of Delhi for around two months in 1320. Originally from the Gujarat region, he was captured by the Delhi army during Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Malwa in 1305. After being brought to Delhi as a slave, he was converted to Islam. After ascending the throne in 1316, Mubarak Shah gave him the title "Khusrau Khan", and greatly favoured him.

Khusrau Khan led a successful campaign to reassert Delhi's control over Devagiri in 1317. The next year, he led an army that besieged Warangal, forcing the Kakatiya ruler Prataparudra to resume tribute payments to Delhi. In 1320, he led a group of Baradus and disgruntled nobles to assassinate Mubarak Shah, and ascended the throne with the regnal name Nasiruddin. However, he was soon deposed by a group of rebels led by the noble Malik Tughluq, who succeeded him on the throne.

Ziauddin Barani
Ziauddin Barani (Urdu: ضیاء الدین برنی‎; 1285–1357) was an Indian political thinker of the Delhi Sultanate located in present-day Northern India during Muhammad bin Tughlaq and Firuz Shah's reign. He was best known for composing the Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi (also called Tarikh-i-Firuz Shahi), a work on medieval India, which covers the period from the reign of Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq to the first six years of the reign of Firoz Shah Tughluq; and the Fatwa-i-Jahandari which promoted a hierarchy among Muslim communities in the Indian subcontinent, although according to M. Athar Ali it was not based on race or even like the caste system, but taking as a model of Sassanid Iran, which promoted an idea of aristocracy through birth and which was claimed by Persians to be "fully in accordance with the main thrust of Islamic thought as it had developed by that time", including in the works of his near-contemporary Ibn Khaldun.