hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1978 Open Championship
The 1978 Open Championship was the 107th Open Championship, held 12–15 July over the Old Course at St Andrews, Fife, Scotland. Jack Nicklaus won his third and final Open championship, two strokes ahead of runners-up Ben Crenshaw, Raymond Floyd, Tom Kite, and Simon Owen. It was the fifteenth of his eighteen major championships and marked the completion of his third career grand slam.

Defending champion Tom Watson was a co-leader after 54 holes, but four consecutive bogeys on the front nine led to a 76 (+4). Watson finished six strokes back in a tie for fourteenth place.

Old Course at St Andrews
The Old Course at St Andrews, also known as the Old Lady or the Grand Old Lady, is considered the oldest golf course in the world. It is a public course over common land in St Andrews, Fife, Scotland, and is held in trust by the St Andrews Links Trust under an act of Parliament. The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews clubhouse sits adjacent to the first tee, although it is but one of many clubs (St Andrews Golf Club, the New Golf Club, St Regulus Ladies Golf Club and the St Rule Club are the others with clubhouses) that have playing privileges on the course, along with some other non-clubhouse owning golf clubs and the general public. Originally known as the "golfing grounds" of St Andrews, it was not until the New Course was opened in 1895 that it became known as the Old Course.
2025–26 UEFA Women's Champions League qualifying rounds
The 2025–26 UEFA Women's Champions League qualifying rounds began on 30 July and ended on 18 September 2025.

A total of 65 teams competed in the league phase qualifying rounds of the 2025–26 UEFA Women's Champions League, which included three rounds, with 44 teams in the Champions Path and 21 teams in the League Path. The nine winners in the third round (four from Champions Path, five from League Path) advanced to the league phase, to join the nine teams that entered in that round.

Times are CEST (UTC+2), as listed by UEFA (local times, if different, are in parentheses).

2025–26 UEFA Women's Champions League league phase
The 2025–26 UEFA Women's Champions League league phase began on 7 October 2025 and ended on 17 December 2025. A total of 18 teams were competing in the league phase to decide the 12 places in the knockout phase of the 2025–26 UEFA Women's Champions League.
2013 FIBA Africa Clubs Champions Cup
The 2013 FIBA Africa Basketball Club Championship (28th edition), is an international basketball tournament  held in Sousse, Tunisia from December 12 to 21, 2013. The tournament, organized by FIBA Africa and hosted by Étoile Sportive du Sahel was contested by 12 clubs split into 2 groups of six, the top four of which qualifying for the knock-out stage, quarter, semifinals and final.

Primeiro de Agosto from Angola was the winner.

FIBA Africa Basketball League
The FIBA Africa Basketball League (formerly named the FIBA Africa Clubs Champions Cup) was the highest caliber men's professional basketball competition for clubs until 2020, organized by the FIBA Africa and played by the champions of the leagues of the African countries. The league was replaced by the Basketball Africa League (BAL) from 2020.
2020 Supercopa de Chile
The 2020 Supercopa de Chile (known as the Súper Copa Easy 2020 for sponsorship purposes) was the eighth edition of the Supercopa de Chile, championship organised by the Asociación Nacional de Fútbol Profesional (ANFP). The match was played by the 2019 Chilean Primera División champions Universidad Católica and the 2019 Copa Chile champions Colo-Colo on 21 March 2021 at Estadio Nacional Julio Martínez Prádanos in Santiago.

The match, scheduled to be played in the calendar year 2020, was postponed to 2021 due to the schedule disruptions caused by the 2019 Chilean protests which pushed back the conclusion of the 2019 Copa Chile to January 2020 and later the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile. Universidad Católica were the winners, claiming their third Supercopa title with a 4–2 victory after 90 minutes.

Supercopa de Chile
The Supercopa de Chile (Supercup of Chile) is an annual one-match football official competition in Chile organised by the Asociación Nacional de Fútbol Profesional (ANFP).

This competition serves as the season opener and is played between the Campeonato Nacional Champions and the winners of the Copa Chile of the previous season. On 14 October 2025, it was announced that the Supercopa would expand to four teams, the winners and runners-up of the Copa Chile and Campeonato Nacional.
Shengji Temple Bronze Pagoda
Shengji Temple Bronze Pagoda(Chinese: 聖積寺銅塔) is located in Fuhu Temple, Mount Emei, Sichuan. It is named for its original location in Shengji Temple. The pagoda, also known as the Huayan Bronze Pagoda(Chinese: 華嚴寺銅塔), is cast with the text of the Avatamsaka Sutra and scenes depicting the seven places and nine assemblies(Chinese: 七處九會) where the Buddha is said to have preached. It is the earliest large-scale bronze pagoda still existing in China.

The bronze pagoda has eight sides and thirteen tiers, with a height of 5.8 meters. It combines the features of a Lama-style pagoda and a multi-eaved tower, and was originally built with a square pedestal resembling Mount Meru. The body of the pagoda has 4,762 buddha effigies and a wealth of inscriptions including the Avatamsaka Sutra. It also features motifs such as figures, lions and elephants.

Fuhu Temple
Fuhu Temple (Chinese: 伏虎寺; pinyin: Fúhǔ Sì) is an ancient Buddhist temple located in the foothills of Mount Emei in Sichuan Province, China. It has been a Provincial-Level Protected Cultural Relic of Sichuan Province since 2002, and a Nationally Protected Key Cultural Site of China since 2006.

The temple is built at the confluence of two rivers: the Yoga River (瑜伽河) and Tiger Creek (虎溪). It is close to Baoguo Temple.
Raiden Fighters Aces
Raiden Fighters Aces (ライデンファイターズ エイシズ, Raiden Faitāzu Eishizu) is a 2008 video game for the Xbox 360, published by Japanese computer software company Success Corporation. It is a compilation of all three video games in the Raiden Fighters series by Seibu Kaihatsu: the first Raiden Fighters (1996), Raiden Fighters 2: Operation Hell Dive (1997), and Raiden Fighters Jet (1998).

Success (company)
Success Corporation (株式会社サクセス, Kabushiki gaisha Sakusesu) is a Japanese video game and online game developer and publisher, based in Shinagawa, Tokyo, and founded on 7 June 1978. They are best known for their Cotton series of shooter games, Zoo Keeper and others.

In 2024, they were acquired by Cave.
Hengifoss
Hengifoss (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈheiɲcɪˌfɔsː] ⓘ) is the third highest waterfall in Iceland, 128 meters. It is located in Hengifossá in Fljótsdalshreppur, East Iceland. It is surrounded by basaltic strata with thin, red layers of clay between the basaltic layers. Fossilized trunks of coniferous trees, sensitive to cold, and lignite, which depict warmer climates during the latter part of Tertiary. 
Further down the Hengifossá river is Litlanesfoss, notable for the columnar jointed volcanics around it. Hengifoss is the most popular hiking site in East Iceland with path leading from the parking lot to the falls. It takes 40–60 minutes to walk to the waterfall.

Litlanesfoss
Litlanesfoss (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈlɪhtlaˌnɛsˌfɔsː]) is a waterfall in Hengifossá in Fljótsdalur, Eastern Iceland, also known as Stuðlabergsfoss [ˈstʏðlaˌpɛrksˌfɔsː, -ˌpɛr̥s-]. The waterfall is about 30 meters high and forms an apron in a cliff.  The waterfall is in a large rock choir with an unusually regular supporting rock made of high and straight columns.
Papadam
A papadam, also known as a poppadom or papadum among other transliterations, is a snack that originated in the Indian subcontinent. Dough of black gram bean flour is either deep-fried or cooked with dry heat (flipped over an open flame) until crunchy. Other flours made from lentils, chickpeas, rice, tapioca, millet or potato are also used. Papadam is typically served as an accompaniment to a meal in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka and the Caribbean or as an appetizer, often with dips such as chutneys, or toppings like chopped onions and chili peppers.

Tapioca
Tapioca (/ˌtæpiˈoʊkə/; Portuguese: [tapiˈɔkɐ]) is a starch extracted from the tubers of the cassava plant (Manihot esculenta, also known as manioc), a species native to the North and Northeast regions of Brazil, but which is now found in West Africa, Southeast Asia, and elsewhere. It is a perennial shrub adapted to the hot conditions of tropical lowlands. Cassava copes better with poor soils than many other food plants.

Tapioca is a staple food for millions of people in tropical countries. It provides only carbohydrate food value, and is low in protein, vitamins, and minerals. In other countries, it is used as a thickening agent in various manufactured foods.
History of rail transport in Japan
This article is part of the history of rail transport by country series.

The  history of rail transport in Japan began in the late Edo period. There have been four main stages:

Stage 1, from 1872, the first line, from Tokyo to Yokohama, to the end of the Russo-Japanese war;

Stage 2, from nationalization in 1906-07 to the end of World War II;

Stage 3, from the postwar creation of Japanese National Railways to 1987;

Stage 4, from privatization to the present, with JNR split among six new railway operators for passengers and one for freight.

Port Island Line
The Port Island Line (ポートアイランド線, Pōtoairando-sen), commonly known as Port Liner (ポートライナー, Pōtorainā) is an urban automated guideway transit (AGT) system in Kobe, Japan, operated by Kobe New Transit.

The initial system linked Sannomiya Station, Kobe's main transit hub, to the man-made Port Island, covering a distance of 6.4 km (4.0 mi) with 9 stations.
Myelography
Myelography is a type of radiographic examination that uses a contrast medium (e.g. iodised oil) to detect pathology of the spinal cord, including the location of a spinal cord injury, cysts, and tumors. Historically the procedure involved the injection of a radiocontrast agent into the cervical or lumbar spine, followed by several X-ray projections. Today, myelography has largely been replaced by the use of MRI scans, although the technique is still sometimes used under certain circumstances – though now usually in conjunction with CT rather than X-ray projections.

Projectional radiography
Projectional radiography, also known as conventional radiography, is a form of radiography and medical imaging that produces two-dimensional images by X-ray radiation. Projectional radiography is not the same as a radiographic projection, which refers specifically to the direction of the X-ray beam and patient positioning during the imaging process. The image acquisition is generally performed by radiographers, and the images are often examined by radiologists. Both the procedure and any resultant images are often simply called 'X-ray'. Plain radiography or roentgenography generally refers to projectional radiography (without the use of more advanced techniques such as computed tomography that can generate 3D-images). Plain radiography can also refer to radiography without a radiocontrast agent or radiography that generates single static images, as contrasted to fluoroscopy, which are technically also projectional.
Diocese of Karlstad
The Diocese of Karlstad (Swedish: Karlstads stift) is a diocese of the Church of Sweden with its episcopal see in the city of Karlstad. It covers most of the provinces Värmland and Dalsland. Its current borders are from 1693.

Dalsland
Dalsland (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈdɑ̌ːlsland]) is a Swedish traditional province, or landskap, situated in Götaland in southern Sweden. Lying to the west of Lake Vänern, it is bordered by Värmland to the north, Västergötland to the southeast, Bohuslän to the west, and Norway to the northwest.

The province has a low population density of around 14 inhabitants/km2 and just one town of significant size: Åmål. The total population numbers 50,604. The uninhabited areas are characterized by dense forests in the northwestern uplands and lakes in the east, giving rise to the epithet, commonly used for Dalsland, of "Sweden's lake province".

The Latinized name Dalia, which was often used to name Dalsland in older prints, can still sometimes be encountered.
Self-indication assumption doomsday argument rebuttal
The self-indication assumption (SIA) represents one of the major objections to the doomsday argument (DA). The doomsday argument states that humanity is unlikely to survive for long, as it would imply that current humans are implausibly early in the history of humanity. The SIA states that the chance of being born is not one, but an increasing function of the number of people who will be born. Under the SIA, it is more likely to be born in a world that with a larger total population, which counteracts the DA.

J. Richard Gott
John Richard Gott III (born February 8, 1947) is an American astrophysicist. He is professor of astrophysical sciences at Princeton University. He is known for his work on time travel and the Doomsday argument.
Bujnice
Bujnice [bui̯ˈnit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gorzkowice, within Piotrków County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) east of Gorzkowice, 21 km (13 mi) south of Piotrków Trybunalski, and 64 km (40 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Gorzkowice
Gorzkowice [ɡɔʂkɔˈvit͡sɛ] is a village in Piotrków County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Gorzkowice. It lies approximately 22 km (14 mi) south of Piotrków Trybunalski and 64 km (40 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź. It is located in the Sieradz Land.
Education Directorates
The Scottish Government Education Directorates were a group of the civil service directorates in the Scottish Government. The Directorates were titled Children, Young People and Social Care; Schools; and Lifelong Learning. They were responsible for education in Scotland; social work care for children and young people and lifelong learning. In December 2010 these functions were taken on by the Learning and Justice Directorates.

The Directorates reported to the Director-General Leslie Evans. The Cabinet Secretary for Education and Lifelong Learning is Mike Russell. and he was then supported by the Minister for Children and Early Years, Adam Ingram MSP and by the Minister for Skills and Lifelong Learning, Angela Constance MSP at that time.

School boards in Scotland
School boards in Scotland were involved in determining the overall policies, objectives and ethos at the school. Boards had a special duty to promote good relationships between the school, its parents and the community and also form a channel for the flow of information between these groups. School boards were introduced in 1988 as part of the Government's policy of encouraging parental involvement in schools. They comprised parent, teacher and "co-opted" members, with parents in the majority. "Co-opted" members may have been drawn from local business or the community.
Junk Raiders
Junk Raiders is a Canadian reality television series that debuted in 2009 on The Discovery Channel and ION Life.  The series follows the titular Junk Raiders, a team of professionals who attempt to renovate a designated space over a short period of time, and with a relatively low budget. Because of the extremely limited budgets, many of the materials needed must be found by freecycling: finding something unwanted for free and reusing it.

For the production of the series, the team had commissioned a "junk hot-line", urging Torontonians to donate any garbage that they could use.  In addition, as looking through other peoples' trash is illegal in Toronto, the show also has a special exemption that allows the team to do just that.

The Freecycle Network
The Freecycle Network (TFN) is a private, nonprofit organization registered in Arizona, US and is a charity in the United Kingdom. TFN coordinates a worldwide network of "gifting" groups to divert reusable goods from landfills. The network provides a worldwide online registry, organizing the creation of local groups and forums for individuals and nonprofits to offer (or request) free items for reuse or recycling and to promote a gift economy. In contrast, although flea markets and swap meets also contribute to the 3 Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle), they involve mainly buying and selling or bartering rather than gifting.
Ptenopus garrulus
Ptenopus garrulus, also known commonly as the common barking gecko and the whistling gecko, is a species of lizard in the family Gekkonidae. The species is native to southern Africa. There are two recognized subspecies.

John Edward Gray
John Edward Gray FRS (12 February 1800 – 7 March 1875) was a British zoologist. He was the elder brother of zoologist George Robert Gray and son of the pharmacologist and botanist Samuel Frederick Gray (1766–1828). The standard author abbreviation J.E.Gray is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name. The same is used for a zoological name.

Gray was keeper of zoology at the British Museum in London from 1840 until Christmas 1874, before the natural history holdings were split off to the Natural History Museum. He published several catalogues of the museum collections that included comprehensive discussions of animal groups and descriptions of new species. He improved the zoological collections to make them amongst the best in the world.
Kukulu
Kukulu (Amharic: ኩኩሉ) is an endless runner video game developed by Ethiopian video game studio Qene Technology and published by Gebeya. Available on iOS and Android operating system, it was released in April 2018, and garnered over 3,000 downloads on the Google Play Store as of August 2018.

The player controls a chicken named Kukulu during running to avoid capture by her owner and his dog. Additional characters include a dove and crow that assist the player by dropping power-ups and Kukulu should manage to collect small seeds named "kolo" to accelerate energy.

Endless runner
Endless runner (also infinite runner or auto run) is a subgenre of platform game in which the player character potentially runs for an infinite amount of time while avoiding obstacles. The player's objective is to reach a high score by surviving for as long as possible. The method by which the game level or environment appears to continuously spawn before the player is an example of procedural generation. The genre exploded on mobile platforms following the success of Temple Run, Canabalt, and Doodle Jump. Its popularity is attributed to its simple gameplay that works well on touchscreen devices.
Peter Rogers (politician)
Peter Standing Rogers (2 January 1940 – 6 January 2025) was a Welsh politician, farmer and magistrate who was a Member of the Welsh Assembly (AM) for the North Wales Region from 1999 to 2003, representing the Welsh Conservative Party, and an Isle of Anglesey County Councillor from 2004 to 2022 - as an independent from 2005 onward.

Rogers left the Assembly in 2003, after being placed 7th on the Welsh Conservatives' North Wales regional list. He subsequently sought selection as the candidate for Ynys Môn in the 2005 general election, but left the Welsh Conservatives in 2005 after a protracted and disrupted selection contest. He would go on to seek election to both the UK Parliament and National Assembly for Wales as an independent.

2003 National Assembly for Wales election
The 2003 National Assembly for Wales election was the second general election to the National Assembly for Wales. It was held on 1 May 2003. The election was characterised by a resurgence for the Labour Party, whilst Plaid Cymru saw a reduction in support and the number of Assembly Members they returned. Having won thirty seats, one short of a majority, Labour chose to govern in minority without a coalition partner.

This election also saw the return of John Marek as an independent member of the Assembly. Of the 60 members elected, 30 were male and 30 were female.

It was held on the same day as the 2003 Scottish Parliament election and 2003 United Kingdom local elections.
22 Aquilae
22 Aquilae, abbreviated 22 Aql, is a star in the equatorial constellation of Aquila. 22 Aquilae is its Flamsteed designation. It is a faint star but visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 5.59. The distance to 22 Aql can be estimated from its annual parallax shift of 4.74 mas, which yields a separation of 690 light years. It is moving closer to the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of −23 km/s.

Cowley et al. (1969) assigned this star a stellar classification of A3 IV, matching an evolving subgiant star that has exhausted the hydrogen at its core. Houk and Swift (1999) reassigned it as an A-type main-sequence star with a class of A1 V. It has nearly three times the mass of the Sun and is spinning with a projected rotational velocity of 70 km/s. The star is radiating 161 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 8,453 K.

Flamsteed designation
A Flamsteed designation is a combination of a number and constellation name that uniquely identifies most naked eye stars in the modern constellations visible from southern England. They are named after John Flamsteed, author of the Historia Coelestis Britannica, the first major star catalogue compiled with the aid of a telescope. Flamsteed’s own catalogue did not include what are now known as Flamsteed numbers, but its listing of stars in each constellation provided the basis for later astronomers to add them.
EX-IC
EX-IC (Express IC) is a contactless smart card system that enables ticketless travel on the Tōkaidō Shinkansen and Sanyō Shinkansen lines in Japan. The system was introduced by JR Central in March 2008 for use on the Tōkaidō Shinkansen, and it was expanded to the Sanyō Shinkansen in August 2009.

Usage of the EX-IC system requires a seat reservation for either of the aforementioned Shinkansen lines to be purchased in advance; this may be done with a mobile phone or a computer that has an Internet connection. For Shinkansen passengers who intend to transfer to/from a conventional rail line, it is possible to stack the EX-IC card and another contactless card (such as Suica, PASMO, TOICA, or ICOCA) together and have them processed simultaneously by the card readers at the Shinkansen ticket gates.

Pasmo
Pasmo (Japanese: パスモ, romanized: Pasumo), stylized as PASMO, is a rechargeable contactless smart card electronic money system. It is primarily used for public transport in Tokyo, Japan, where it was introduced on 18 March 2007. Pasmo can also be used as a payment card for vending machines and stores. In 2013, Pasmo became usable in all major cities across Japan as part of the Nationwide Mutual Usage Service.

Pasmo is a development of the Passnet system used by many non-JR railway lines in the Greater Tokyo Area. The system offers interoperability with the JR East Suica system, as well as integrating private bus companies into the former Passnet network.

The technology is based on an RFID technology developed by Sony known as FeliCa. As of April 2009, there are over 11 million cards in circulation.