hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Heidelberg Disputation
The Heidelberg Disputation was held at the lecture hall of the Augustinian order in Heidelberg, Germany on April 26, 1518.  It was here that Martin Luther, as a delegate for his order, began to have occasion to articulate his views. In the defense of his theses, which culminated in a contrast between divine love and human love, Luther defended the doctrine of human depravity and the bondage of the will. Martin Bucer, the reformer of Strasbourg, heard Luther here and became an avid follower.  This disputation also led to Johann Eck's challenging Martin Luther to the Leipzig Debate.

Leipzig Debate
The Leipzig Debate (German: Leipziger Disputation) was a theological disputation originally between Andreas Karlstadt, Martin Luther  and Johann Eck. Karlstadt, the dean of the Wittenberg theological faculty, felt that he had to defend Luther against Eck's critical commentary on the 95 Theses and so challenged Johann Eck, a professor of theology at the University of Ingolstadt, to a public debate concerning the doctrines of free will and grace.
All Our Own Work
All Our Own Work is an album by Sandy Denny and the Strawbs, recorded in 1967 but not released until 1973. The album was recorded in  Copenhagen, Denmark, and contains an early recording of one of Sandy Denny's best known songs "Who Knows Where the Time Goes?". Denny later recorded this song as a member of Fairport Convention. The album was released by Pickwick Records, who in the 1970s specialised in budget releases of deleted record company catalogues.

Pickwick Records
Pickwick Records was an American record label and British record distributor known for its budget album releases of sound-alike recordings, bargain bin reissues, and repackagings under the brands Design, Bravo (later changing its name to International Award), Hurrah, and Grand Prix, and children's records on the Cricket and Happy Time labels.

The label is also known for distributing music by smaller labels such as Sonny Lester's Groove Merchant, Gene Redd's De-Lite Records, Chart Records, and the Swedish label Sonet Records (for which it distributed late-1960s recordings by Bill Haley & His Comets in Canada and the US). They also issued records from Britain's Hallmark Records label.
Trite
Trite is a genus of jumping spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1885. Most of the 18 described species occur in Australia and New Zealand, with several spread over islands of Oceania, one species even reaching Rapa in French Polynesia.

Rapa Iti
Rapa, also called Rapa Iti, or "Little Rapa", to distinguish it from Easter Island, whose Polynesian name is Rapa Nui, is the largest and only inhabited island of the Bass Islands in French Polynesia.  An older name for the island is Oparo. The total land area including offshore islets is 40.5 km2 (15.6 sq mi).: 205  As of the 2022 census, Rapa had a population of 451. The island's highest point is at 650 metres (2,130 ft) elevation at Mont Perahu.: 243  Its main town is Ahuréi. The inhabitants of Rapa Iti speak their own Polynesian language called the Rapa language.
Macro-Yaeyama languages
Macro-Yaeyama is one of the two branches of the Southern Ryukyuan languages, comprising the Yaeyama and Yonaguni languages. It is defined by the development of "know" as a potential auxiliary, the semantic extension of "nephew" to being gender-neutral, and unique forms of the words exhibited by the table below.

Although Yonaguni has historically been classified as either a primary branch of Ryukyuan or of the Southern Ryukyuan languages, its close relationship with Yaeyama is clear.

Yonaguni language
The Yonaguni language (与那国物言/ドゥナンムヌイ Dunan Munui) is a Southern Ryukyuan language spoken by around 400 people on the island of Yonaguni, in the Ryukyu Islands, the westernmost of the chain lying just east of Taiwan. It is most closely related to Yaeyama. Due to the Japanese policy on languages, the language is not recognized by the government, which instead calls it the Yonaguni dialect (与那国方言, Yonaguni hōgen). As classified by UNESCO, the Yonaguni language is one of the most endangered languages in all of Japan, after the Ainu language.
Funtley Deviation
The  Funtley Deviation  was a 2-mile (3.2 kilometres) long double track railway opened as a single line in 1904 and as a double line in 1906 to provide an alternative to the 1841 railway line north of Fareham which traversed the precarious Fareham tunnel.  Unfortunately the deviation line suffered from stability problems of its own and it was eventually closed on 6 May 1973, in favour of the original route, and is now a nature walk with a small car park at the Highlands Road end. The route south of Highlands Road was sold for housing.

Fareham station was opened by the London and South Western Railway on 29 November 1841 on the line from Eastleigh to Gosport. Later additions connected Fareham station with Southampton, Portsmouth and along the coast towards Brighton. The Meon Valley Line, Gosport and Clarence Yard Line, Stokes Bay Line and Lee-on-Solent Line from Fareham have all been closed.

Meon Valley Railway
The Meon Valley Railway was a cross-country railway in Hampshire, England, that ran for 22 miles (36 km) between Alton and Fareham, closely following the course of the River Meon. At its northern (Alton) end, it joined with the Alton Line from London. It was conceived as an additional main line to the area around Gosport, and it was opened in 1903. It never fulfilled its planned potential, and remained a local line through sparsely populated agricultural areas, and it closed to passenger services in 1955; some local goods services continued until total closure in 1968.

The name does not refer to an independent company; it was constructed and run by the London and South Western Railway (LSWR).
Jordan Abdull
Jordan Abdull (born 5 February 1996) is an English rugby league footballer who plays as a stand-off or scrum-half.

Now playing for Widnes Vikings for 2026 season he has played for Hull F.C. in the Super League, and on loan at Doncaster in League 1, Featherstone Rovers and Hull Kingston Rovers in the Championship. Abdull has also played for the London Broncos in the top flight and played as a loose forward earlier in his career.

Widnes Vikings
The Widnes Vikings are an English rugby league club in Widnes, Cheshire, which competes in the Championship. The club plays home matches at DCBL Stadium. Founded as Widnes Football Club, they are one of the original twenty-two rugby clubs that formed the Northern Rugby Football Union in 1895. Their historic nickname is "The Chemics" after the main industry in Widnes, but now they use their modern nickname, "The Vikings".

The club enjoyed a period of success in the 1970s, 1980s, and early 1990s, and were frequently described as "Cup Kings" reaching the Challenge Cup Final 7 times in 10 years between 1975 and 1984. In 1989, after winning their third Rugby League Premiership, Widnes became the first official World Club Champions by beating the Australian champions Canberra Raiders 30–18 at Old Trafford. They have a strong local rivalry with Warrington Wolves.
Three Men in a Boat (1920 film)
Three Men in a Boat is a 1920 British silent comedy film directed by Challis Sanderson and starring Lionelle Howard, Manning Haynes and Johnny Butt. It is an adaptation of the 1889 novel Three Men in a Boat by Jerome K. Jerome. The screenplay concerns three friends who go on a boating holiday.

Manning Haynes
Horace Manning Haynes (born: Lyminster, Sussex – died 3 March 1957, Epsom, England) (often credited as H. Manning Haynes) was a British-born film director and actor. He was married to the screenwriter Lydia Hayward, with whom he frequently worked.

Manning Haynes' film career as an actor began in 1918's Lead Kindly Light. Haynes switched to directing silent films in the 1920s. He usually billed himself professionally as H. Manning Haynes.
Mugavaree
Mugavaree (transl. Identity/Address) is a 2000 Indian Tamil-language coming-of-age romantic drama film written and directed by V. Z. Durai in his directoral debut and produced by S. S. Chakravarthy. The film stars Ajith Kumar and Jyothika in the lead roles, with Raghuvaran, Vivek, Manivannan, and K. Viswanath playing supporting roles. It was Ajith's first film of the new 2000s millennium. The music is composed by Deva, song lyrics were written by Vairamuthu, and cinematography was handled by P. C. Sreeram. The story revolves around the conflicting emotions of ambition, love and responsibility that a man goes through in his quest to become a successful music composer.

Mugavaree released on 19 February 2000 and became a commercial success, winning two Tamil Nadu State Film Awards: Best Family Film and Best Choreographer (Brinda).

S. S. Chakravarthy
S. Shajahan Chakravarthy (died 29 April 2023) was an Indian film producer in Tamil cinema. He produced a number of Tamil films through his production company, NIC Arts. Most of his films starred Ajith Kumar. His son Johnny debuted as an actor in Renigunta, which he produced, along with Johnny's subsequent film, 18 Vayasu. Chakravarthy also has a daughter, Shakeel Nila Chakravarthy.
Emerald Energy
Emerald Energy plc is an energy exploration subsidiary of Chinese state-owned company Sinochem with headquarters in London but is registered offshore in the Isle of Man. The company specialises in oil exploration and production of hydrocarbons. Formerly listed on the London Stock Exchange and a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index, the firm was acquired by Sinochem Group in October 2009.

Hydrocarbon exploration
Hydrocarbon exploration (or oil and gas exploration) is the search by petroleum geologists and geophysicists for hydrocarbon deposits, particularly petroleum and natural gas, in the Earth's crust using petroleum geology.
3-Methyl-PCP
3-Methyl-PCP (3'-Methyl-PCP, meta-Methyl-PCP, 3-Me-PCP) is a recreational designer drug with dissociative effects. It is an arylcyclohexylamine derivative, related to drugs such as 3'-MeO-PCP and 3'-Me-PCPy. It was first synthesised in the 1960s, but was only identified on the illicit market in Hungary in September 2020, and was made illegal in Hungary in April 2021.

3-MeO-PCP
3-Methoxyphencyclidine (3-MeO-PCP) is a dissociative hallucinogen of the arylcyclohexylamine class related to phencyclidine (PCP) which has been sold online as a designer drug. It has been used across Europe and the United States. In some cases, consumption has been known to be fatal. It acts mainly as an NMDA receptor antagonist, though it has also been found to interact with the sigma σ1 receptor and the serotonin transporter. The drug does not possess any opioid activity nor does it act as a dopamine reuptake inhibitor.
Monique Breteler
Monique Maria Bernadette Breteler (born 26 January 1961, Nijmegen) is a Dutch neuroepidemiologist. She is Director of Population Health Sciences at the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) and Professor of Population Health Sciences at the University of Bonn. Between 2002 and 2022, she was Adjunct Professor of Epidemiology at the Harvard School of Public Health in Boston, Massachusetts. She has been a foreign member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences since 2015, and a member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina since 2019.

German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina
The German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina (German: Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina – Nationale Akademie der Wissenschaften), in short Leopoldina, is the national academy of Germany, and is located in Halle (Saale). Founded on 1 January 1652, based on academic models in Italy, it was originally named the Academia Naturae Curiosorum until 1687 when Emperor Leopold I raised it to an academy and named it after himself. It was since known under the German name Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina until 2007, when it was declared to be Germany's National Academy of Sciences.
Asif Iqbal Tanha
Asif Iqbal Tanha (born 13 January 1996) is an Indian student activist, a former student of Jamia Millia Islamia and a member of Students Islamic Organisation of India. He was allegedly involved in the Delhi Riots conspiracy case and is an accused under the UAPA Act. Tanha is also associated with United Against Hate (UAH), a campaign that was started in July 2017 in response to the series of lynchings and hate crimes in India.

Meeran Haider
Meeran Haider is one of the nine accused whom Delhi High Court denied bail in Delhi Riots 2020. He claims to be an Indian activist leader and human rights defender known for his role in Citizenship Amendment Act protests. He was also the RJD State President of Delhi youth wing unit.
Beverly Hills, 90210 season 4
The fourth season of Beverly Hills, 90210, an American teen drama television series aired from September 8, 1993 on Fox and concluded on May 25, 1994 after 32 episodes. The season aired Wednesday nights at 8/9c in the United States averaging 21.1 million viewers a week and was released on DVD in 2008.

This is the final season for Shannen Doherty, who would return as Brenda in the 2008 revival series 90210, and the first season for Mark Damon Espinoza (Jesse) and Kathleen Robertson (Clare).

Kathleen Robertson
Kathleen Robertson (born July 8, 1973) is a Canadian actress. She has starred in a number of films, and from 2011 to 2012 played the role of Kitty O'Neill in the Starz political drama series Boss. From 2014 to 2016, Robertson starred as homicide detective Hildy Mulligan in the TNT series Murder in the First. She also played Tina Edison in the Canadian sitcom Maniac Mansion (1990–1993) and Clare Arnold in the Fox teen drama series Beverly Hills, 90210 (1994–1997). In 2019, she played a main character in the series Northern Rescue.
MS Sinfra
Sinfra was a cargo ship built in 1929 as Fernglen by Akers Mekaniske Verksted in Oslo, Norway, for a Norwegian shipping company. The ship was sold to Swedish owners in 1934 and to a French company in 1939, on the last occasion having her name changed to Sinfra.

Sinfra was confiscated by the German occupation authorities in 1942, and used by them in the Mediterranean. On 19 October 1943, Sinfra was bombed and sunk by Allied aircraft north of Souda Bay, Crete. Around 2,000 people were killed in the sinking, the majority being Italian POWs, including those killed by the German guards on the ship during the attack.

Akers mekaniske Verksted
Akers mekaniske Verksted (often abbreviated Akers mek. Verksted or Akers Mek.) was a workshop, later a shipyard which was established in Fossveien by the Aker River in Oslo in 1841. In 1854 the company moved to Holmen on the west side of Pipervika, which is now known as Aker Brygge. Akers mekaniske Verksted closed in 1982. During its heyday, it was the largest shipyard in Norway. One of the companies split off from the shipyard company merged with Norcem in 1987 to form Aker Norcem, which eventually became Aker ASA.
2009–10 UCI Africa Tour
The 2009–10 UCI Africa Tour was the sixth season of the UCI Africa Tour. The season began on 1 October 2009 with the Grand Prix Chantal Biya and ended on 21 May 2010 with the Tour of Eritrea.

The points leader, based on the cumulative results of previous races, wears the UCI Africa Tour cycling jersey. Dan Craven of Namibia was the defending champion of the 2008–09 UCI Africa Tour. Abdelatif Saadoune of Morocco was crowned as the 2009–10 UCI Africa Tour champion.

Throughout the season, points are awarded to the top finishers of stages within stage races and the final general classification standings of each of the stages races and one-day events. The quality and complexity of a race also determines how many points are awarded to the top finishers, the higher the UCI rating of a race, the more points are awarded.
The UCI ratings from highest to lowest are as follows:

Multi-day events: 2.HC, 2.1 and 2.2

One-day events: 1.HC, 1.1 and 1.2

2008–09 UCI Africa Tour
The 2008–09 UCI Africa Tour was the fifth season of the UCI Africa Tour. The season began on 2 October 2008 with the Grand Prix Chantal Biya and ended on 19 April 2009 with the Tour du Maroc.

The points leader, based on the cumulative results of previous races, wears the UCI Africa Tour cycling jersey. Nicholas White of South Africa was the defending champion of the 2007–08 UCI Africa Tour. Dan Craven of Namibia was crowned as the 2008–09 UCI Africa Tour champion.

Throughout the season, points are awarded to the top finishers of stages within stage races and the final general classification standings of each of the stages races and one-day events. The quality and complexity of a race also determines how many points are awarded to the top finishers, the higher the UCI rating of a race, the more points are awarded.
The UCI ratings from highest to lowest are as follows:

Multi-day events: 2.HC, 2.1 and 2.2

One-day events: 1.HC, 1.1 and 1.2
Swisshome, Oregon
Swisshome is an unincorporated community in Lane County, in the U.S. state of Oregon. It is located along the Siuslaw River northeast of Mapleton, on Oregon Route 36.

The community's name was conferred in honor of a local Swiss family. Swisshome post office was established in 1902. The Coos Bay Rail Link passes through Swisshome.

The Deadwood Creek Bridge and the Wildcat Creek Bridge near Swisshome are two covered bridges that are on the National Register of Historic Places.

Mapleton, Oregon
Mapleton is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Lane County, Oregon, United States. It is located on Oregon Route 126 and the Siuslaw River, 45 miles (72 km) west of Eugene and 15 miles (24 km) east of Florence. It is also the western terminus of Oregon Route 36. As of the 2020 census, Mapleton had a population of 493.
May (actress)
May Thu Aung (မေသူအောင်; born 2 May 1991), known professionally as simply May (Burmese: မေ), is a Burmese actress, singer, and model. May won the Best Theme Song Award at the 2018 Star Awards for her work in the film Chu Si.

Phway Phway
Phway Phway (Burmese: ဖွေးဖွေး, pronounced [pʰwé pʰwé]; born Shwe Yee Ko Oo on 9 August 1988) is a three-time Myanmar Academy Award winning Burmese film actress. She is the third highest-paid actress of Myanmar according to records .

Phway won her first Myanmar Academy Award in 2012 with the film Let Pan, achieved her second award in 2015 with the film I'm Rose, Darling and third award in 2018 with the film Shwe Kyar. All films were directed by four-time Myanmar Academy Award winner Wyne.
Rottweil
Rottweil (German: [ˈʁɔtvaɪl] ⓘ; Alemannic: Rautweil) is a town in southwest Germany in the state of Baden-Württemberg. Rottweil was a free imperial city for nearly 600 years.

Located between the Black Forest and the Swabian Alps, Rottweil has over 25,000 inhabitants as of 2022. The town is famous for its medieval center and for its traditional carnival (called "Fasnet" in the local Swabian dialect). It is the oldest town in Baden-Württemberg, and its appearance has changed very little since the 16th century.

The town gives its name to the Rottweiler dog breed.

Black Forest
The Black Forest (German: Schwarzwald [ˈʃvaʁtsvalt] ⓘ) is a large forested mountain range in the state of Baden-Württemberg in southwest Germany, bounded by the Rhine Valley to the west and south and close to the borders with France and Switzerland. It is the source of the Danube and Neckar rivers.

Its highest peak is the Feldberg with an elevation of 1,493 metres (4,898 ft) above sea level. Roughly oblong in shape, with a length of 160 kilometres (100 miles) and breadth of up to 50 km (30 mi), it has an area of about 6,009 km2 (2,320 sq mi).

Historically, the area was known for forestry and the mining of ore deposits, but tourism has now become the primary industry, accounting for around 300,000 jobs. There are several ruined military fortifications dating back to the 17th century.
Buddhism in Kashmir
Buddhism was an important part of the classical Kashmiri culture, as is reflected in the Nilamata Purana and Kalhana's Rajatarangini. Buddhism is generally believed to have become dominant in Kashmir in the time of Emperor Ashoka, although it was widespread there long before his time, enjoying the patronage not only of Buddhist rulers but of Hindu rulers too. From Kashmir, it spread to the neighbouring Ladakh, Tibet and China proper. Accounts of patronage of Buddhism by the rulers of Kashmir are found in the Rajatarangini and also in the accounts of three Chinese visitors to Kashmir during 630-760 AD.

Kalhana
Kalhana (c. 12th century) was the author of Rajatarangini (River of Kings), an account of the history of Kashmir. He wrote the work in Sanskrit between 1148 and 1149. All information regarding his life has to be deduced from his own writing, a major scholar of which is Mark Aurel Stein. Robin Donkin has argued that with the exception of Kalhana, "there are no [native Indian] literary works with a developed sense of chronology, or indeed much sense of place, before the thirteenth century".
Frederick Herbert Willasey Wilsey
Colonel Frederick Herbert Willasey Wilsey MC (25 June 1898 – 1 January 1971) was a Senior Officer in the 8th Gurkha Rifles, Commandant of the Infantry Training Centre and Senior Liaison Officer to the Afghan delegation during the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in 1953.

Willasey Wilsey developed a good understanding of Afghanistan politics and Pashtun culture, and was a proficient speaker of Urdu and Hindi with an additional working knowledge of Dari and Pashto.  Together with Thomas Coke, 5th Earl of Leicester, Willasey Wilsey accompanied Field Marshall Sardar Shah Wali Khan and Mohammed Daoud Khan, the 5th Prime Minister of Afghanistan, during the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II.

In 1945 he published a history of the 8th Gurkha Rifles.

Commandant
Commandant (/ˌkɒmənˈdɑːnt/ or /ˌkɒmənˈdænt/; French: [kɔmɑ̃dɑ̃]) is a title often given to the officer in charge of a military (or other uniformed service) training establishment or academy. This usage is common in English-speaking nations. In some countries it may be a military or police rank. It is also often used to refer to the commander of a military prison or prison camp (including concentration camps and prisoner of war camps).
Harrison Island (Maryland)
Harrison Island is private farming island in Montgomery County, Maryland, United States. It is located between the Potomac River on the Maryland side, and Ball's Bluff Battlefield and National Cemetery on the Virginia side, next to Leesburg, Virginia. The island dominates the view from the heights of Ball's Bluff Battlefield. Among the low, flood-prone islands of the lower Potomac River, Harrison Island is notable for having a permanent private residence visible near the center of the island. There are no bridges to the island. Currently the island is closed to the general public.

Ball's Bluff Battlefield and National Cemetery
Ball's Bluff Battlefield Regional Park and National Cemetery is a battlefield area and a United States National Cemetery, located 2 miles (3.2 km) northeast of Leesburg, Virginia. The cemetery is the third smallest national cemetery in the United States. Fifty-four Union Army dead from the Battle of Ball's Bluff are interred in 25 graves in the half-acre plot; the identity of all of the interred except for one, James Allen of the 15th Massachusetts, are unknown. Monuments to fallen Confederate Sergeant Clinton Hatcher and Union brigade commander Edward Dickinson Baker are located next to the cemetery, though neither is buried there. While the stone wall-enclosed cemetery itself is managed through the Culpeper National Cemetery and owned by the Department of Veterans Affairs, the balance of the 223-acre (0.90 km2) park is managed through the Northern Virginia Regional Park Authority.