hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bainbridge-class destroyer
The Bainbridge-class destroyers were a class of United States Navy Torpedo Boat Destroyers (TBDs) built between 1899 and 1903. The first class so designated, they comprised the first 13 of 16 TBDs authorized by Congress in 1898 following the Spanish–American War (the remaining three authorised comprised the Truxtun-class destroyers).  One ship of the class was lost at sea during service in World War I: Chauncey, which collided with the British merchant ship SS Rose in 1917. The balance were decommissioned in 1919 and sold postwar in 1920, eleven to Joseph G. Hitner of Philadelphia, and the Hopkins to the Denton Shore Lumber Company in Tampa, Florida.

Three-drum boiler
Three-drum boilers are a class of water-tube boiler used to generate steam, typically to power ships. They are compact and of high evaporative power, factors that encourage this use. Other boiler designs may be more efficient, although bulkier, and so the three-drum pattern was rare as a land-based stationary boiler.

The fundamental characteristic of the "three-drum" design is the arrangement of a steam drum above two water drums, in a triangular layout. Water tubes fill in the two sides of this triangle between the drums, and the furnace is in the centre. The whole assembly is then enclosed in a casing, leading to the exhaust flue.

Firing can be by either coal or oil. Many coal-fired boilers used multiple firedoors and teams of stokers, often from both ends.
Abolitionist teaching
Abolitionist teaching, also known as abolitionist pedagogy, is a set of practices and approaches to teaching that emphasize abolishing educational practices considered by its proponents to be inherently problematic and oppressive. The term was coined by education professor and critical theorist Bettina Love.

Proponents of the approach have criticized test-taking and prohibitions on cheating, as well as deemphasize traditional literacy and math improvement programs. Private organizations working under the banner of abolitionist teaching have stirred controversy bringing progressive politics and activism into classrooms, which includes promoting anti-police, anti-capitalism and anti-Zionist viewpoints.

Critical consciousness
Critical consciousness, conscientization, or conscientização in Portuguese (Portuguese pronunciation: [kõsjẽtʃizaˈsɐ̃w]), is a popular education and social concept developed by Brazilian pedagogue and educational theorist Paulo Freire, grounded in neo-Marxist critical theory. Critical consciousness focuses on achieving an in-depth understanding of the world, allowing for the perception and exposure of social and political contradictions. Critical consciousness also includes taking action against the oppressive elements in one's life that are illuminated by that understanding.
Foodstuffs (company)
Foodstuffs (NZ) Ltd is a New Zealand grocery company owned by the retailers' cooperatives Foodstuffs North Island Limited and Foodstuffs South Island Limited. Together, the two cooperatives collectively control an estimated 53% of the New Zealand grocery market. The group owns retail franchises Four Square, New World and Pak'nSave, and in-store private labels Pams, Pam's Finest, and Pam's Value (formerly named Budget). Foodstuffs operates over 400 retail stores as of 2020, and serves an estimated 3.6 million customers each week.

Foodstuffs' major competitor is the New Zealand division of the Australian Woolworths Group through their main supermarket chain Woolworths New Zealand, creating an effective duopoly in New Zealand's supermarket sector.

Four Square (supermarket)
Four Square is a chain of supermarkets in New Zealand that was founded by John Heaton Barker. It has 225 stores throughout New Zealand, mostly in small towns.  Some Four Square supermarkets previously operated in Australia under the name Friendly Grocer.
Wales at the 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games
Wales competed at the 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games in Kingston, Jamaica, from 4 to 13 August 1966.

Wales finished 11th in the medal table with three gold medals, two silver medals and two bronze medals.

Forty-nine athletes were nominated in June 1966 to take part in the Games.

Shooting at the 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games
Shooting at the 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games was the first appearance of Shooting at the Commonwealth Games. The events were held at the Twickenham Park Range in Spanish Town and featured contests in five disciplines.

Canada topped the medal table again by virtue of winning two bronze medals more than England, after both had tied with two gold medals and one silver medal.
Troy Heinert
Troy Heinert (born July 29, 1972) is an American politician who served in the South Dakota Senate.

Elected to the Senate in 2014, he was elected in 2015 as Senate assistant minority leader. He was elected minority leader in 2018. He was first elected to the state house in 2012 and served for one term.

Mission, South Dakota
Mission is a city on the Rosebud Indian Reservation in northern Todd County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 1,156 at the 2020 census.

Mission is home of the Sinte Gleska University. It is the largest incorporated community in the county, but is smaller than the unincorporated community of Rosebud, the capital of the Rosebud Sioux Tribe.

Mission is named for one of the many missions established by religious groups in the late 19th century to educate and assist the Sicangu Lakota (Rosebud Sioux) and other Native American people. The major economic center of the county, it is located at the junction of U.S. routes 18 and 83. The city contains part of the Oyate Trail, the headquarters of the Todd County School District, Cherry-Todd Rural Electric Cooperative, and various federal/tribal agencies.
Dransfeld (Samtgemeinde)
Dransfeld is a Samtgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the district of Göttingen, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Its seat is in the town Dransfeld.

The Samtgemeinde Dransfeld consists of the following municipalities:

Bühren

Dransfeld

Jühnde

Niemetal

Scheden

Samtgemeinde
A Samtgemeinde (German pronunciation: ['zamtgəˌmaɪndə] ⓘ, lit. 'collective municipality'; plural: Samtgemeinden) is a type of administrative division in Lower Saxony, Germany. Samtgemeinden are local government associations of municipalities, equivalent to the Ämter in Schleswig-Holstein, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, and Brandenburg, and the Verbandsgemeinden in Rhineland-Palatinate.
Ellis Stanley Joseph
Ellis Stanley Joseph (also known as Ellis Joseph or Ellis S. Joseph) was a collector and trader in wildlife in the early part of the 20th century. An animal trainer of remarkable ability, he also trained some of his captive wildlife to perform in public.

Cinnamon bear
The cinnamon bear (Ursus americanus cinnamomum) is both a highly variable color morph and a subspecies of the American black bear, native to the North America.

As a subspecies, they therefore most likely exist alongside the mostly black-colored eastern American black bears present in those regions, and breed with them. Although there are also small populations located in the north east foothills and mountains of California, above 3,000 ft. elevation. The most striking difference between a cinnamon bear and any other black bear is its brown or red-brown fur (reminiscent of cinnamon), blocky head, and often a storage of fat causing a small hump on its back near the neck/shoulder. The subspecies was given this designation because the lighter color phase is more common there than in other areas. It is proposed that the brownish coats actually mimic a grizzly bear.
PCC streetcar
A Presidents' Conference Committee (PCC) car is a type of streetcar (tram) that was first built in the United States in the 1930s. The design proved successful domestically, and after World War II it was licensed for production and use elsewhere in the world.

The PCC car has proved to be a long-lasting icon of streetcar design. About 5,000 PCC streetcars were built in the United States, with production continuing until 1952. In North America, some PCC streetcars are still in regular service, with most operating on heritage streetcar lines. As of 2026, the San Francisco Municipal Railway is the largest North American operator of PCC cars, using a fleet of 27 on two heritage lines.

After World War II, the PCC design was licensed to multiple European companies. Over 15,000 PCC-derived streetcars were built in Europe, including the popular Tatra T3.

Toronto Transit Commission
The Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) is the primary public transport agency in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, operating the majority of the city's bus and rail services. It is the oldest and largest of the urban transit service providers in Canada, with numerous connections to systems serving its surrounding municipalities.

Established as the Toronto Transportation Commission in 1921, the TTC owns and operates five rapid transit lines with 109 stations, more than 150 bus routes, and nine streetcar lines. In 2025, the system had a total of 800,212,000 boardings. The TTC is the most heavily used urban transit system in Canada.
Little Waitress
Little Waitress  is a 1932 British musical film directed by Widgey R. Newman and starring Claude Bailey and Moore Marriott. It was made at Bushey Studios as a quota quickie. A romance occurs between an impoverished tourist and a surprisingly wealthy Germany waitress.

Cinematograph Films Act 1927
The Cinematograph Films Act 1927 (17 & 18 Geo. 5. c. 29) was an act of the UK Parliament designed to stimulate the declining British film industry. It received royal assent on 22 December 1927 and came into force on 1 April 1928.
Lysophosphatidylethanolamine
A lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) is a chemical compound derived from a phosphatidylethanolamine, which is typical of cell membranes. LPE results from partial hydrolysis of phosphatidylethanolamine, which removes one of the fatty acid groups. The hydrolysis is generally the result of the enzymatic action of phospholipase A2. LPE can be used in agricultural use to regulate plant growth such as color increase, sugar content increase, plant health increase, and storability increase without side effect.

LPE is present as a minor phospholipid in the cell membrane. Actually, LPE was detected in human serum, and its level is reported to be about several hundred ng mL−1. Available sources of LPE are egg yolk lecithin (≤1.5%), soybean lecithin (≤0.2%), and other lecithins.

Phosphatidylethanolamine
Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is a class of phospholipids found in biological membranes. They are synthesized by the addition of cytidine diphosphate-ethanolamine to diglycerides, releasing cytidine monophosphate. S-Adenosyl methionine can subsequently methylate the amine of phosphatidylethanolamines to yield phosphatidylcholines.
2016 U-15 Baseball World Cup
The 2016 U-15 Baseball World Cup or the III U-15 Baseball World Cup was an international baseball tournament held by the World Baseball Softball Confederation for players 15-year-old and younger. The 2016 edition was held in Iwaki, Japan from July 29 to August 7, 2016.

U-15 Baseball World Cup
The U-15 Baseball World Cup is the 15-and-under baseball world championship that features national teams as authorized ("sanctioned") by the World Baseball Softball Confederation (WBSC). It began in 1989 as the World Youth Baseball Championship. In 2012 it became the 15U Baseball World Cup and is contested every two years. Because it is a world championship event, the results of the 15U Baseball World Cup affect the WBSC World Rankings.
Sue Buckett
Sue Buckett (born 6 August 1944) is a former England women's international footballer.  She represented England at senior international level and spent most of her career at  Southampton Women's F.C. Buckett won the Women's FA Cup eight times between 1971 and 1981 and was the first ever goalkeeper to save a penalty in the competition's final.

1975 WFA Cup final
The 1975 WFA Cup Final was the fifth final of the FA Women's Cup, England's primary cup competition for women's football teams. It was the fifth final to be held under the direct control of Women's Football Association (WFA). Southampton Women's F.C. and Warminster L.F.C. contested the match at Brewers Hill, the home of Dunstable Town on 4 May 1975. The match ended 4–2 in favour of Southampton Women.
Demolition Day
Demolition Day is former Queens of the Stone Age and Kyuss bassist/vocalist Nick Oliveri's first solo acoustic album. The album was recorded in 2003 and 2004 at Dave Grohl's Studio 606. The album features Oliveri on bass, vocals, guitars and percussion, as well as horns and guitars from other various artists. It was released in 2004 on vinyl only, but a split CD featuring six tracks from the album and four tracks from Mondo Generator was also released.

A Drug Problem That Never Existed
A Drug Problem That Never Existed is the second studio album by American rock band Mondo Generator. It takes its name from a line in The Frogs' "I've Got Drugs (Out of the Mist)", from their album It's Only Right and Natural. Much of the material was inspired by mixed emotions brought about by the divorce of singer Nick Oliveri and also his substance abuses and the death of his father.

The tracks "Jr. High Love" and "Day I Die" were previously recorded by Oliveri and others at The Desert Sessions, "Jr. High Love" for Volumes 3 & 4 and "Day I Die" for Volumes 5 & 6 under the name "I'm Dead". "Girl's Like Christ" is a reworking of a Dwarves song "There She Goes Again" written by Blag Dahlia and Nick Oliveri during his time with the band.
Vrachneika railway station
Vrachneika railway station (Greek: Σιδηροδρομικός Σταθμός Βραχναίικων, romanized: Sidirodromikos Stathmos Vrachneika) is a railway station in Vrachneika, in Patras, Peloponnese, Greece. The station is on the former Patras–Kyparissia line and is served by Proastiakos Patras Services.

Hellenic Train
Hellenic Train S.A., formerly TrainOSE S.A. (Greek: ΤραινΟΣΕ Α.Ε.), is a private railway company in Greece which operates passenger and freight trains on OSE lines. Hellenic Train employs train crews, operators and manages most of the rail services throughout the Greek railway network, leasing rolling stock owned by GAIAOSE except for ETR 470 trains.

The company was a subsidiary of the Hellenic Railways Organisation (OSE) until 2008, when it became an independent state-owned company until its privatisation in 2017. 
TrainOSE was acquired in September 2017 by the Italian national railway company Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane. In 2022 the company rebranded as Hellenic Train.
Benna, Piedmont
Benna is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Biella in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northeast of Turin and about 4 kilometres (2 mi) southeast of Biella.

Benna borders the following municipalities: Candelo, Cossato, Massazza, Mottalciata, Verrone.

Cossato
Cossato is a municipality in the province of Biella, Italy, in the northwest part of Piedmont, 11.6 kilometres (7.2 mi) east of Biella. It has a population of about 14,804 and it spreads over an area of 27,74 km2, which makes it the second largest town in the Province of Biella. It is crossed by the Strona di Mosso stream.
Huaqiang Road station
Huaqiang Road / Rd station (simplified Chinese: 华强路站; traditional Chinese: 華強路站; Jyutping: Waa4 Koeng4 Lou6 Zaam6), formerly "Huaqianglu station", is a station on Line 1 of the Shenzhen Metro. It opened on 28 December 2004. It is located under in Shennan Middle Road (深南中路) at the junction of Huafu Road (华富路; 華富路) and Huaqiang Road (华强路; 華強路) in Futian District, Shenzhen, China. It is the third-busiest station in the network in terms of entries and exits at 49,500 passengers a day. It serves the shopping district of Huaqiangbei (华强北; 華強北).

Shenzhen Metro
The Shenzhen Metro (深圳地铁) is the rapid transit system of the city of Shenzhen in Guangdong Province, China. The newest lines and extensions which opened on December 27, 2024 put the network at 609.5 kilometres (378.7 miles) of trackage. It currently operates on 17 lines with 421 stations. Despite having only opened on December 28, 2004, the Shenzhen Metro is the 5th longest metro system in the world. By 2035, the network is planned to comprise 8 express and 24 non-express lines totaling 1,142 kilometres (710 miles) of trackage.
Randy Hundley
Cecil Randolph Hundley Jr. (born June 1, 1942) is an American former professional baseball player and coach. He played in Major League Baseball as a catcher from 1964 to 1977, most prominently as a member of the Chicago Cubs, where he was the starting catcher for eight seasons. A Gold Glove Award winner in 1967 and an All-Star in 1969, Hundley was considered the Cubs' team leader during the late 1960s and early 1970s. Hundley was regarded as one of the best defensive catchers of his era, and the best Cubs catcher since Gabby Hartnett in 1940. He introduced a one-handed catching style that was soon copied by other Major League catchers.

Hundley also played for the San Francisco Giants, Chicago Cubs, Minnesota Twins, and the San Diego Padres. After his playing career, he worked as a manager in the minor leagues and he established baseball fantasy camp for adults. Hundley was inducted into the Chicago Cubs Hall of Fame in 1987.

Baseball field
A baseball field, also called a ball field or baseball diamond, is the field upon which the game of baseball is played. The term can also be used as a metonym for a baseball park. The term sandlot is sometimes used, although this usually refers to less organized venues for activities like sandlot ball.
Belfast–Bangor line
The Belfast to Bangor line (known simply as the Bangor line by NI Railways) is a railway line in Northern Ireland, originally part of the Belfast & County Down Railway. All services are operated by NI Railways, the only operator for Northern Ireland (NI). Unlike the rest of the United Kingdom, no railway in NI is part of the National Rail network and none is owned by Network Rail. Services run every half-hour, with up to six trains per hour in each direction (3 express and 3 stopping services) at peak times.

All NI Railways services on this line terminate at Belfast Grand Central and Bangor Bus and Rail Centre stopping at stations in between.

Titanic Quarter railway station
Titanic Quarter railway station (sometimes still referred to as Bridge End) is located in the townland of Ballymacarrett in east Belfast, Northern Ireland. It is a short walk from the SSE Arena and Titanic Quarter.
Gastão Brun
Gastão d'Avila Melo Brun (born October 13, 1944) is a Brazilian Olympic sailor in the Soling class in the 1976 and 1980 Summer Olympics. In 1976, he finished 10th together with his brother Vicente Brun and Andreas Wengert, and in 1980 he finished 6th together with his brother and Roberto Luiz Souza. He has also won two Soling World Championship and sailed in the Star World Championship.

Soling World Championship
The Soling World Championship is an International sailing regatta in the Soling organized by the host club on behalf of the International Soling Association and recognised by World Sailing. The first Soling World Championship were held in Copenhagen in 1969, the year after the selection as Olympic Three-Men Keelboat for the 1972 Summer Olympics. The Soling was an Olympic class from 1972 to 2000.
Spędoszyn-Kolonia
Spędoszyn-Kolonia [spɛnˈdɔʂɨn kɔˈlɔɲa] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wartkowice, within Poddębice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) south-west of Wartkowice, 7 km (4 mi) north of Poddębice, and 40 km (25 mi) north-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Wartkowice
Wartkowice [vartkɔˈvit͡sɛ] is a village in Poddębice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) north of Poddębice and 39 km (24 mi) north-west of the regional capital Łódź.
Aspartate—phenylpyruvate transaminase
In enzymology, an aspartate-phenylpyruvate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.70) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

L-aspartate + phenylpyruvate  oxaloacetate + L-phenylalanine

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-aspartate and phenylpyruvate, whereas its two products are oxaloacetate and L-phenylalanine.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically the transaminases, which transfer nitrogenous groups.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-aspartate:phenylpyruvate aminotransferase. This enzyme is also called aspartate-phenylpyruvate aminotransferase.

Transaminase
Transaminases or aminotransferases are enzymes that catalyze a transamination reaction between an amino acid and an α-keto acid. They are important in the synthesis of amino acids, which form proteins.

Two important transaminase enzymes, aspartate transaminase (AST), and alanine transaminase (ALT), are commonly used as indicators of liver and cardiac health.
XHTLAX-FM
XHTLAX-FM is a Mexican radio station that serves the area around Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico. It is branded as Radio Altiplano.

It is part of CORACYT, the radio and television organization of Tlaxcala, along with Tlaxcala Televisión, XETT-AM 1430 in Tlaxcala and XHCAL-FM 94.3 Calpulalpan.

XHTLX-TDT
Tlaxcala Televisión is a public television station operated by the Coordinación de Radio, Cine y Televisión de Tlaxcala (CORACYT) which serves the Mexican state of Tlaxcala. Tlaxcala Televisión's programming primarily consists of cultural and educational content, along with news and sports coverage. It also airs programming from Canal Once, Canal 22, Mexiquense Televisión and DW-TV

TDT was founded in the early 1980s and traces its roots to the breakup of Televisión Rural de México, which operated a channel 12 in Tlaxcala.

In the 1990s, the state television station ceased all local production; this returned in 2000.

In the late 2000s through to 2017, the state network was known as "TDT, La Televisión de Tlaxcala", predating the conversion of the network to digital television, or televisión digital terrestre. All digital stations in Mexico carry the -TDT suffix. The state network renamed to Tlaxcala Televisión in 2017.
Felicity Goodyear-Smith
Felicity Anne Goodyear-Smith (born 1952) is a medical doctor, academic, and public health advocate from New Zealand.  She is 
Academic Head of Department & Goodfellow Postgraduate Chair of General Practice & Primary Health Care in the Faculty of Medical and Health Science at the University of Auckland, New Zealand.

Centrepoint (commune)
Centrepoint was a commune in Albany, New Zealand, founded in 1977 by Herbert "Bert" Thomas Potter. The commune reached a maximum population of 275. Centrepoint has been described as a cult, and was the site of widespread sexual coercion and child sexual abuse.

In 1992, Potter was sentenced to a seven year prison sentence after being convicted of 13 charges of indecently assaulting five girls between 1979 and 1984. Justice Blanchard said that Potter had "systematically corrupted children for his own sexual pleasure and had abused the power and trust community members placed in him". Potter returned to Centrepoint on his release in March 1999, and left a year later after being paid to do so by commune members. The commune was disestablished by court order on March 2000.