hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Reggie (alligator)
Reggie is the name of an American alligator, believed to have been raised in illegal captivity, who became feral and was sighted for two extended periods at Ken Malloy Harbor Regional Park in the South Bay, Los Angeles area in 2005 and 2007. The animal is now in captivity at Los Angeles Zoo.

Los Angeles Zoo
The Los Angeles Zoo and Botanical Gardens is a 133-acre (54 ha) zoo founded in 1966 and located in Los Angeles, California, United States. The city of Los Angeles owns the zoo, its land and facilities, and the animals.
Robo (2019 film)
Robo (Russian: Робо) is a 2019 Russian children's adventure film directed by Sarik Andreasyan and screenwriters Aleksey Gravitskiy and Sergey Volkov will tell about a boy and a robot with whom he managed to make friends, starring Daniil Muravyov-Izotov and Sergey Bezrukov as the voice of Robo. The film released on October 31, 2019, by Central Partnership.

Sarik Andreasyan
Sarik Garnikovich Andreasyan (Russian: Сарик Гарникович Андреасян; Armenian: Սարիկ Գառնիկի Անդրեասյան) is a Russian Armenian director, producer, and screenwriter who has worked on films and commercials. He is the founder of Enjoy Movies. In May 2017, Andreasyan left Enjoy Movies studio to start another studio, Bolshoe Kino (Big Movies in Russian).

His early movies were mostly low-budget comedies. However, since 2015, Sarik began to move towards science fiction, action and dramas.
B. T. Lalitha Naik
Balaji Tangali Lalitha Naik (born 4 April 1945) is an Indian social activist,  politician, writer, film actress who was the minister of Kannada, Culture, and Department of Women & Child Welfare of Karnataka. Naik has also served as an MLC (1986-1992) and MLA (1994-1999). She won the Karnataka Sahitya Academy Award in 1991. She is also known for leading important literary, social and language-rights movements such as Bandaya movement and Gokak agitation.

Gokak agitation
The Gokak agitation was a successful language rights agitation in the 1980s that fought for the first-language status of the Kannada language in the South Indian state of Karnataka.

It was named after the committee headed by Vinayaka Krishna Gokak, which recommended giving primacy to Kannada in state schools.
Phonovoltaic
A phonovoltaic (pV) cell converts vibrational (phonons) energy into a direct current much like the photovoltaic effect in a photovoltaic (PV) cell converts light (photon) into power. That is, it uses a p-n junction to separate  the electrons and holes generated as valence electrons absorb optical phonons more energetic than the band gap,  and then collects them in the metallic contacts for use in a circuit. The pV cell is an application of heat transfer physics and competes with other thermal energy harvesting devices like the thermoelectric generator.

While the thermoelectric generator converts heat, a broad spectrum of phonon and electron energy, to electricity, the pV cell converts only a narrow band of phonon energy, i.e., only the most energetic optical phonon modes. A narrow band of excited optical phonons has much less entropy than heat.  Thus, the pV cell can exceed the thermoelectric efficiency.  However, exciting and harvesting the optical phonon poses a challenge.

Heat
In thermodynamics, heat is defined as the form of energy crossing the boundary of a thermodynamic system by virtue of a temperature difference across the boundary. A thermodynamic system does not contain heat. Nevertheless, the term is also often used to refer to the thermal energy contained in a system as a component of its internal energy and that is reflected in the temperature of the system.

Calorimetry is measurement of heat by its effect on the states of interacting bodies, for example, by the amount of ice melted or by change in temperature of a body.

In the International System of Units (SI), the unit of measurement for heat is the joule (J).
Harpeth River
The Harpeth River, 115 miles (185 km) long, is one of the major streams of north-central Middle Tennessee, United States, and a major tributary of the Cumberland River. Via the Cumberland and the Ohio Rivers, it is part of the Mississippi River watershed. It is one of the only un-dammed rivers in the state of Tennessee.  The lower segment of the Harpeth, including a portion in Bellevue in Nashville, is designated as a "scenic river" under the Tennessee Scenic Rivers Act. In 2020, researchers reported evidence of extant Salamander mussel -- proposed to be listed as an Endangered Species -- on the Harpeth River in Cheatham County, a few miles downstream from Bellevue.

Cumberland River
The Cumberland River is a major waterway of the Southern United States. The 688-mile-long (1,107 km) river drains almost 18,000 square miles (47,000 km2) of southern Kentucky and north-central Tennessee. The river flows generally west from a source in the Appalachian Mountains to its confluence with the Ohio River near Paducah, Kentucky, and the mouth of the Tennessee River. Major tributaries include the Obey, Caney Fork, Stones, and Red Rivers.

Although the Cumberland River basin is predominantly rural, there are also some large cities on the river, including Nashville and Clarksville, both in Tennessee.

The river system has been extensively altered for flood control. Major dams impound areas of both the main stem and many of its important tributaries.
Bookmark (TV series)
Bookmark is a BBC documentary series about literature, and in particular the lives of authors, broadcast on BBC Two from 1983 to 1999. The first episode was described in the Radio Times as offering insight into "the stories behind the books you read" and was a magazine format presented by Simon Winchester (1983), later Ian Hamilton (1984–1987).

Later series were mostly single or two-part film studies of an author and his or her works, along similar lines to Arena and Omnibus. These included Philip Larkin, A. S. Byatt, H. G. Wells, Enid Blyton and Rev. W. Awdry ("The Thomas the Tank Engine Man"). The current director of the British Library, Roly Keating, was editor of the programme from 1993 to 1996.

Omnibus (British TV programme)
Omnibus is a British documentary series broadcast mainly on BBC One. The programme was the successor to the arts-based series Monitor. It ran from 1967 until 2003, usually being transmitted on Sunday evenings. During its 35-year history, the programme won 12 British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) awards.
Helix Studios
Helix Studios is an American gay pornographic film studio. Founded in 2002 by Keith Miller and based in Las Vegas, Nevada, it primarily features twink performers. The company began in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, as a maker of niche spanking films before transitioning to mainstream hardcore pornography in 2004 and relocating to San Francisco, California, in 2006. Helix has primarily operated on a subscription business model since its inception and has released films on DVD, video on demand, a Roku channel, pay-per-view, and its website.

Hardcore pornography
Hardcore pornography or hardcore porn is pornography that features detailed depictions of sexual organs or sexual acts such as vaginal, anal, oral, or manual intercourse; ejaculation; or fetish play. The term is in contrast with less-explicit softcore pornography. Hardcore pornography usually takes the form of magazines, photographs, films, and cartoons. Since the mid-1990s, hardcore pornography has become widely available on the internet, much of it without cost, making it more accessible than ever before.
Ulv Galiciefarer
Ulv Galiciefarer (also known as Galicieulv (Galiciwolf) c. 1000 / 1010), aka Jarl Galizur-Ulfric, was a Danish jarl, a Viking chieftain who became famous for his raids, looting and pillaging the lands of Galicia in the early eleventh century, perhaps in 1028 or 1048, during the reign of Bermudo III and Ferdinand I of Leon. According to Saxo Grammaticus and the Knýtlinga saga, Galicieulv was grandfather of Boedil Thurgotsdatter, the wife of Eric I of Denmark.

Eric I of Denmark
Eric I (c. 1056 – 10 July 1103), also known as Eric the Good or Eric Evergood (Danish: Erik Ejegod), was King of Denmark following his brother Olaf I Hunger in 1095. He was a son of Sweyn II. His mother's identity remains unknown.  He married Boedil Thurgotsdatter.
Buspirone/testosterone
Buspirone/testosterone (tentative brand name Lybridos) is a combination of buspirone, a 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist, α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist, and D2 autoreceptor antagonist, and testosterone, an androgen or androgen receptor agonist, which is under development by the pharmaceutical company Emotional Brain for the treatment of female sexual dysfunction. Both buspirone and testosterone have individually been found to be effective in the treatment of female sexual dysfunction in clinical studies, and so their combination could be anticipated to be even more effective. As of January 2016, the combination is in phase II clinical trials, with a phase III trial being planned in the United States and Europe.

Phases of clinical research
The phases of clinical research are the stages in which scientists conduct experiments with a health intervention to obtain sufficient evidence for a process considered effective as a medical treatment. For drug development, the clinical phases start with testing for drug safety in a few human subjects, then expand to many study participants (potentially tens of thousands) to determine if the treatment is effective. Clinical research is conducted on drug candidates, vaccine candidates, new medical devices, and new diagnostic assays.
Croft-Y-Bwla
Croft-Y-Bwla is a country house and farm 1.5 miles (2.4 km) north-west of Monmouth, south-east Wales.  The house was built around 1830 and was designed by the noted Monmouth architect George Vaughan Maddox. It has been listed as Grade II since 1974.

Part of the estate is being developed for housing, under the name Parc Glyndwr.  During archaeological investigations in advance of development, excavations revealed the remains of a Neolithic crannog built on a man-made island away from the shore of a now-vanished lake, as well as evidence of a Bronze Age boatbuilding community on the site.

Boat building
Boat building is the design and construction of boats (instead of the larger ships) — and their on-board systems. This includes at minimum the construction of a hull, with any necessary propulsion, mechanical, navigation, safety and other service systems as the craft requires.

The boat building industry provides for the design, manufacturing, repair and modification of human-powered watercrafts, sailboats, motorboats, airboats and submersibles, and caters for various demands from recreational (e.g. launches, dinghies and yachts), commercial (e.g. tour boats, ferry boats and lighters), residential (houseboats), to professional (e.g. fishing boats, tugboats, lifeboats and patrol boats).
Tie a Yellow Ribbon (film)
Tie a Yellow Ribbon is a 2007 drama film directed and written by Korean-American filmmaker Joy Dietrich. The film portrays the complex emotions for young adult East Asian American women through its main character, Jenny, a Korean adoptee in America struggling thorough life and difficult relationships. It was filmed and takes place in New York City.

Tie a Yellow Ribbon premiered on March 18, 2006 at the San Francisco International Asian American Film Festival. It was later aired on PBS television in the ITVS series on May 1, 2008.

CAAMFest
CAAMFest, known prior to 2013 as the San Francisco International Asian American Film Festival (SFIAAFF), is presented every May (Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month) in the San Francisco Bay Area in the United States as the nation's largest showcase for new Asian American and Asian films. It annually presents approximately 130 works in San Francisco, Berkeley and San Jose.  The festival is organized by the Center for Asian American Media.
The Man Who Dared (1939 film)
The Man Who Dared (also known as City in Terror) is a 1939 American crime film directed by Crane Wilbur and written by Lee Katz. The film stars Jane Bryan, Charles Grapewin, Henry O'Neill, John Russell and Elizabeth Risdon. It was released by Warner Bros. Pictures on June 3, 1939.

Charley Grapewin
Charles Ellsworth Grapewin (December 20, 1869 – February 2, 1956) was an American vaudeville and circus performer, writer, and stage and film actor.

As a character actor, he worked in over one-hundred motion pictures during the silent and sound eras, mostly as a Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract player during the 1930s and is best known to modern audiences for portraying Uncle Henry in MGM's film adaptation of The Wizard of Oz (1939), "Grandpa" William James Joad in The Grapes of Wrath (1940), Jeeter Lester in Tobacco Road (1941), Uncle Salters in Captains Courageous  (1937), Gramp Maple in The Petrified Forest (1936), Wang's Father in The Good Earth (1937), and California Joe in They Died With Their Boots On (1941).
Syracuse and Onondaga Railway
The Syracuse and Onondaga Railway, a horse-drawn city railway, was chartered on April 29, 1863, and opened on July 25, 1864, in Syracuse, New York. The line commenced in Downtown Syracuse at Washington Street and terminated at Oakwood Cemetery at Brighton Avenue where it connected with the Onondaga Valley Railroad. By 1890, the total length of the road was 2 miles (3.2 km).

In late 1890, the company merged with People's Railroad and ceased to exist.

People's Railroad
The People's Railroad was a street railway chartered in 1887 and opened for business in 1889 in Syracuse, New York. The total length of the line was 10.88 miles (17.51 km) with branches each 1 mile (1.6 km). In 1896, the company merged into Syracuse Rapid Transit Railway.
Aurelian Honor Society
Established in 1910, the Aurelian Honor Society ("Aurelian") is the fifth oldest landed secret society at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut. It was founded in 1910. In addition, Aurelian is part of a four-society "Consortium" with Manuscript Society, Book and Snake, and Berzelius.

Contemporary membership is based on an election process coordinated by the incumbent delegation. Aurelian selects sixteen prominent members of the Junior class to join the society annually.

Book and Snake
Book and Snake or The Society of Book and Snake is a secret society for seniors at Yale University. It was established in 1863 and is the fourth-oldest secret society at Yale. It is one of the "Ancient Eight" societies at Yale.
Gaddam Padmaja Reddy
Gaddam Padmaja Reddy (born 1 January 1967) is an Indian Kuchipudi exponent and music teacher. She performs ballets on mythological themes and contemporary social issues. She choreographed Kakatiyam, a Kuchipudi visual dance form. She was conferred with Kala Ratna in 2006, India's highest art award–Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 2015 and Padma Shri, India's fourth highest civilian award, in the field of art for 2022.

Kala Ratna
The Kala Ratna (Telugu: కళారత్న) earlier Hamsa Award, is a civilian honour of the Andhra Pradesh state are conferred annually by the Government of Andhra Pradesh and is organised by the State Cultural Council and Department of Culture on the occasion of Telugu new year, Ugadi. The awards celebrate achievements by persons of eminence in their chosen fields. The awardees are from the fields of literature, music, dance, painting, sculpture, folk and tribal arts. Along with Kala Ratna awards, the Andhra Pradesh government presents Ugadi Puraskarams on the same stage.
Jenn Hanna
Jennifer Ann Hanna (born January 22, 1980) is a Canadian curler from Nepean, Ontario. She curls out of the Ottawa Curling Club. She was a finalist in both the 1998 Canadian Junior Curling Championship and the 2005 Scott Tournament of Hearts.

Sherry Middaugh
Sherry L. Middaugh (née Hamel, born October 11, 1966, in Rosetown, Saskatchewan) is a Canadian curler from Victoria Harbour, Ontario. Before marrying world champion curler Wayne Middaugh, she was known as Sherry Scheirich. She is a five-time Ontario champion and a one-time Saskatchewan curling champion. She is currently the coach of Team Hollie Duncan.
Fort San Miguel
Fort San Miguel was a Spanish fortification at Yuquot (formerly Friendly Cove) on Nootka Island, just west of north-central Vancouver Island.  It protected the Spanish settlement, called Santa Cruz de Nuca, the first colony in British Columbia.

Mowachaht/Muchalaht First Nations
The Mowachaht/Muchalaht First Nations are a First Nations government on the west coast of Vancouver Island in the Canadian province of British Columbia.  The Mowachaht/Muchalaht First Nations are a member nation of the Nuu-chah-nulth Tribal Council, which spans all Nuu-chah-nulth-aht peoples except for the Pacheedaht First Nation.

Their main reserve is at Gold River, British Columbia but the Mowachaht are originally from Yuquot on Nootka Sound, known to history as Friendly Cove, scene of the Nootka Incident and, later, the negotiations and eventual implementation of the Nootka Conventions between Britain and Spain, hosted by the Mowachaht chief Maquinna.
The Splendid Romance
The Splendid Romance is a 1919 American silent drama film directed by Edward José, written by Margaret Turnbull, and starring Enrico Caruso, Ormi Hawley, Crauford Kent, and Charlotte Ives. It was released on June 1, 1919, by Paramount Pictures.
After the abysmal showing of Caruso's film debut in My Cousin, producers decided to not show The Splendid Romance in the United States. However, both films were well received in England.

My Cousin
My Cousin is a 1918 American silent drama film directed by Edward José and written by Margaret Turnbull. The film stars Enrico Caruso, Henry Leone, Carolina White, Joseph Riccardi, A.G. Corbelle, and Bruno Zirato. The film was released on November 24, 1918, by Paramount Pictures.
2007 Iditarod
The ceremonial start of the 35th annual Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race across the U.S. state of Alaska began amidst the crowds of Anchorage at 10 am (AKST) on March 3, 2007, and the start of the competitive race, or "restart", began at 2 pm the next day in Willow. The race followed the southern route for 1,151 mi (1,852 km) across the Alaska Range, through the sparsely inhabited Interior, along the Yukon River, and then up the coast of the Bering Sea to the city of Nome.

Eighty two competitors started the race. Denali, Alaska musher Jeff King returned to defend his 2006 win, and the 2005 Iditarod winner Norwegian Robert Sørlie returned after skipping the 2006 event. Both were strong favorites to win. Other contenders included 4 time winners Martin Buser and Doug Swingley. However, the race was won by Lance Mackey in 9 days, 5:08:41, with an average speed of 5.07 mph (8.16 km/h).

Lance Mackey
Lance Mackey (June 2, 1970 – September 7, 2022) was an American dog musher and dog sled racer from Fairbanks, Alaska. Mackey was a four-time winner of both the 1,000-mile (1,600 km) Yukon Quest and the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race.
Andre Waismann
Andre Waismann (Hebrew: אנדרה וייסמן, Portuguese: André Waisman) is an Israeli doctor and medical practitioner, notable for development of the ANR treatment of Opiate addiction. Waismann currently serves as the head of the ANR unit at the Barzilai Medical Center and director at the ANR Clinic in Florida, US.

Anesthesia-assisted detox like ANR has been described in peer-reviewed medical literature as owing to providing "inconsistent rates of opioid abstinence while being costlier and riskier compared to available alternatives." Comparison with standard detox methods suggests serious risks without an advantage in terms of efficacy.

Barzilai Medical Center
Barzilai Medical Center (Hebrew: מרכז רפואי ברזילי, Merkaz Refu'i Barzilai; Arabic: مركز برزيلاي الطبي) is a 600-bed district general hospital in Ashkelon, Israel opened in 1961. The hospital serves a population of 500,000, including a large number of Ethiopian and Russian immigrants, and has more than 100,000 admissions annually.
Paraiti River
The Paraiti River is a river of the Rotorua Lakes District and the Western Bay of Plenty District of New Zealand's North Island. It flows northeast from the confluence of the Mangorewa River and Ohaupara Stream, and flows into the Kaituna River.

Mangorewa River
The Mangorewa River is a river of the Rotorua Lakes District and the Bay of Plenty Region of New Zealand's North Island. It flows northeast from its sources on the Mamaku Plateau northwest of Lake Rotorua. The Paraiti River begins at the confluence of the Mangorewa River and the Ohaupara Stream.
Diamond v. Diehr
Diamond v. Diehr, 450 U.S. 175 (1981), was a United States Supreme Court decision which held that controlling the execution of a physical process, by running a computer program did not preclude patentability of the invention as a whole. The high court reiterated its earlier holdings that mathematical formulas in the abstract could not be patented, but it held that the mere presence of a software element did not make an otherwise patent-eligible machine or process patent ineligible. Diehr was the third member of a trilogy of Supreme Court decisions on the patent-eligibility of computer software related inventions.

Gottschalk v. Benson
Gottschalk v. Benson, 409 U.S. 63 (1972), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that a process claim directed to a numerical algorithm, as such, was not patentable because "the patent would wholly pre-empt the mathematical formula and in practical effect would be a patent on the algorithm itself." That would be tantamount to allowing a patent on an abstract idea, contrary to precedent dating back to the middle of the 19th century.  The ruling stated "Direct attempts to patent programs have been rejected [and] indirect attempts to obtain patents and avoid the rejection ... have confused the issue further and should not be permitted." The case was argued on October 16, 1972, and was decided November 20, 1972.
Rick Berns
Richard Rickey Berns (born February 5, 1956) is an American former professional football player who was a running back in the National Football League (NFL). He was selected by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in the third round of the 1979 NFL draft and later played for the Los Angeles Raiders. In his final season in 1983, the Raiders won Super Bowl XVIII.

Born at Kadena Air Force Base in Japan, he played high school football in Texas at Wichita Falls and college football at Nebraska under head coach Tom Osborne.

After football, Berns returned to Texas and worked in construction management in San Antonio.

1979 NFL draft
The 1979 NFL draft was the procedure by which National Football League teams selected amateur college football players. It is officially known as the NFL Annual Player Selection Meeting. The draft was held May 3–4, 1979, at the Waldorf Astoria Hotel in New York City, New York. The league also held a supplemental draft after the regular draft and before the regular season.

The Buffalo Bills held the first overall pick in the draft, acquired from the San Francisco 49ers in the trade which sent O. J. Simpson to his hometown team. The Bills' selection at No. 1, Ohio State linebacker Tom Cousineau, refused to sign with the Bills and instead signed a lucrative deal with the Montreal Alouettes of the Canadian Football League.
Akher kedba
Akher kedba (Arabic: آخر كدبة, lit. "The Last Lie") is an Egyptian musical romantic comedy film released in 1950. It was produced by Farid al-Atrash and directed by Ahmed Badrakhan with a screenplay by Abo El Seoud El Ebiary, and it starred al-Atrash, Samia Gamal, Camelia, Ismail Yassine, and Abdel Salam Al Nabulsy.

Farid al-Atrash
Farid al-Atrash (Arabic: فريد الأطرش; October 19, 1910 – December 26, 1974), also spelled Farid El-Atrache, was a Syrian-Egyptian singer, oudist, composer, and actor. Although born in Syria, he immigrated to Egypt at the age of nine with his mother and siblings, where he eventually became one of the most noted figures in 20th-century Arabic music.

Al-Atrash embarked on a highly successful career spanning more than four decades, recording 500 songs and starring in 31 movies. He is also widely regarded for his virtuosity on the Arabic oud, and has sometimes been given the epithet "King of the Oud" ("Malek al-Oud").