hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Seattle Fishermen halibut strike of 1912
The Seattle Fishermen's halibut strike of 1912 took place the year after a decision to establish the Port of Seattle and before construction had begun. The strike, organised by the newly formed Deep Sea Fishermen's Union, lasted three months. The issues causing the strike were working conditions, wages, and regulation of catches and prices, and by the terms on which it was settled the strikers achieved some of their aims.

Port of Seattle
The Port of Seattle is a public agency based in King County, Washington. It oversees the seaport of Seattle and Seattle–Tacoma International Airport. With a array of properties ranging from parks and waterfront real estate to one of the largest airports and container terminals on the West Coast, the Port of Seattle is one of the Pacific Northwest's leading economic engines.

Its creation was approved by the voters of King County on September 5, 1911, and authorized by the Port District Act. The Port of Seattle is managed by a five-member Port Commission who are elected at large by the voters of King County and serve four-year terms. (Both the size of the commission and the length of the terms have varied over time.) The Commissioners govern the Port, lead all inter-governmental functions, and oversee the Executive Director.
Penta-2,3-dienedioic acid
Penta-2,3-dienedioic acid (one of two chemicals called glutinic acid), is an allene-containing dicarboxylic acid. It was the first allene to be synthesized, in 1887, but the structure of it was thought to be a propyne core instead of an allene. The correct structural isomeric identity was not determined until 1954.

Glutinic acid, a substituted allene, was isolated from Alnus glutinosa (Betulaceae).

Dicarboxylic acid
In organic chemistry, a dicarboxylic acid is an organic compound containing two carboxyl groups (−COOH). The general molecular formula for dicarboxylic acids can be written as HO2C−R−CO2H, where R can be aliphatic or aromatic. In general, dicarboxylic acids show similar chemical behavior and reactivity to monocarboxylic acids. Dicarboxylic acids are usually colorless solids.  A wide variety of dicarboxylic acids are used in industry. Adipic acid, for example, is a precursor to certain kinds of nylon. A wide variety of dicarboxylic acids are found in nature. Aspartic acid and glutamic acid are two amino acids found in all life.  Succinic and fumaric acids are essential for metabolism. A large inventory of derivatives are known including many mono- and diesters, amides, etc.
Bernoulli scheme
In mathematics, the Bernoulli scheme or Bernoulli shift is a generalization of the Bernoulli process to more than two possible outcomes. Bernoulli schemes appear naturally in symbolic dynamics, and are thus important in the study of dynamical systems. Many important dynamical systems (such as Axiom A systems) exhibit a repellor that is the product of the Cantor set and a smooth manifold, and the dynamics on the Cantor set are isomorphic to that of the Bernoulli shift. This is essentially the Markov partition. The term shift is in reference to the shift operator, which may be used to study Bernoulli schemes.  The Ornstein isomorphism theorem shows that Bernoulli shifts are isomorphic when their entropy is equal.

Axiom A
In mathematics, Smale's axiom A defines a class of dynamical systems which have been extensively studied and whose dynamics is relatively well understood. A prominent example is the Smale horseshoe map. The term "axiom A" originates with Stephen Smale.  The importance of such systems is demonstrated by the chaotic hypothesis, which states that, 'for all practical purposes', a many-body thermostatted system is approximated by an Anosov system.
Mellah of Fez
The Mellah of Fez (Arabic: ملاح) is the historic Jewish quarter (Mellah) of Fez, Morocco. It is located in Fes el-Jdid, the part of Fez which contains the Royal Palace (Dar al-Makhzen), and is believed to date from the mid-15th century. While the district is no longer home to any significant Jewish population, it still contains a number of monuments and landmarks from the Jewish community's historical heritage in the city.

Megorashim
Megorashim (Hebrew: מגורשים "expelled") or rūmiyīn (Moroccan Arabic: روميين, lit. 'Romans, Europeans, foreigners') is a term used to refer to Jews from the Iberian Peninsula who arrived in North Africa as a result of the anti-Jewish persecutions of 1391 and the expulsion of Jews from Spain in 1492. These migrants were distinct from pre-existing North African Jews called Toshavim. The Toshavim had been present in North Africa since ancient times, spoke the local languages (Darija or Tamazight), and had traditions that were influenced by Maghrebi Islam. The Megorashim influenced North African Judaism, incorporating traditions from Spain. They eventually merged with the Toshavim, so that it is now difficult to distinguish between the two groups. The Jews of North Africa are often referred to as Sephardi, a term that emphasizes their Iberian traditions.
Litchfieldia
Litchfieldia is a genus of Gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria in the family Bacillaceae within the order Bacillales. The type species for this genus is Litchfieldia alkalitelluris.

Litchfieldia is composed of species originally belonging to the genus Bacillus, a genus that displayed extensive polyphyly due to the vague criteria used to assign new species to the genus. Studies using phylogenetic and comparative genomic analyses have clarified the taxonomy of Bacillus by restricting the genus to only include species closely related to Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus as well as transfer many species into new novel genera such as Virgibacillus, Solibacillus, Brevibacillus and Ectobacillus.

The name Litchfieldia was named after the American marine microbiologist and ecologist Dr. Carol D. Litchfield (1936–2012).

Bacillaceae
Bacillaceae, from Latin "bacillus", meaning "little staff, wand", are a family of gram-positive, heterotrophic, rod-shaped bacteria that may produce endospores. Motile members of this family are characterized by peritrichous flagella. Some Bacillaceae are aerobic, while others are facultative or strict anaerobes. Most are not pathogenic, but certain Bacillus species are known to cause disease in humans.
Roosevelt Park Elementary School
Roosevelt Park Elementary is a public Elementary School in Prince Rupert, British Columbia, part of School District 52 Prince Rupert.

Because it was the lowest ranked school in British Columbia in 2005, Roosevelt Park Elementary was featured in a CBC documentary hosted by Mark Kelley. It has not ranked that low since that date. In 2009, Roosevelt enrolled 189 students in kindergarten through grade 7.   In the 2011–2012 school year, Roosevelt Park Elementary began hosting the French Immersion Program along with the previous English program.  It was also changed, along with all the other elementary schools in Prince Rupert, to a K-5 elementary school, with grades 6 to 8 heading to the area's middle school, Prince Rupert Middle School (PRMS).

School District 52 Prince Rupert
School District 52 Prince Rupert is a school district in British Columbia, serving the communities of Prince Rupert, Port Edward, Metlakatla, and Hartley Bay (the Gitga’at First Nation), which are within the territory of the Ts’msyen Nation.

The school district offers a school-based Sm'álgyax language program to enhance the cultural identity and school achievement of Indigenous students.
The district's office of First Nation Educational Services has gained a reputation for leading the establishment of academic credibility with respect to First Nations inclusion.
Mozambique sea catfish
The Mozambique sea catfish (Plicofollis polystaphylodon), also known as the Mozambican sea catfish, is a species of catfish in the family Ariidae. It was described by Pieter Bleeker in 1846, originally under the genus Arius. It inhabits marine and freshwaters in the western Pacific and western Indian Ocean. It reaches a maximum standard length of 35 cm (14 in).

The diet of the Mozambique sea catfish consists of benthic invertebrates. It is harvested by commercial fisheries, and its meat is generally marketed fresh.

Ariidae
The Ariidae or ariid catfish are a family of catfish that mainly live in marine waters with many freshwater and brackish water species. They are found worldwide in tropical to warm temperate zones. The family includes about 143 species.

The Ariidae are among the oldest known siluroid catfish known from fossil remains. Fossilized pectoral spines and skull bone fragments of ariid catfish are known from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian and Maastrichtian) of Argentina. The ariid relative Vorhisia is known from highly abundant fossil otoliths from Maastrichtian-aged nearshore marine formations of North America.
Trollope baronets
The Trollope Baronetcy, of Casewick in the County of Lincoln, is a title in the Baronetage of England. It was created on 5 February 1642 for Thomas Trollope. The seventh Baronet was a Conservative politician. In 1868 he was raised to the Peerage of the United Kingdom as Baron Kesteven, of Casewick in the County of Lincoln. The barony became extinct in 1915 when the third Baron was killed in action in the First World War. The late Baron was succeeded in the baronetcy by his cousin, the tenth Baronet.

The author Anthony Trollope was the son of Thomas Anthony Trollope (1774–1835), the son of Reverend Anthony Trollope (1737–1806), younger son of the fourth Baronet. Since the 14th Baronet, all baronets have been descended from Anthony Trollope.

North Sydney Boys High School
North Sydney Boys' High School (abbreviated as NSBHS) is a government-funded, single-sex, academically selective secondary day school for boys, located at Crows Nest, on the Lower North Shore of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Since 2023, North Sydney Boys' High School has ranked 1st in the state based on HSC results, overtaking James Ruse Agricultural High School which had held the position since 1996.
Pain (philosophy)
Philosophy of pain may be about suffering in general or more specifically about physical pain. The experience of pain is, due to its seeming universality, a very good portal through which to view various aspects of human life. Discussions in philosophy of mind concerning qualia has given rise to a body of knowledge called philosophy of pain, which is about pain in the narrow sense of physical pain, and which must be distinguished from philosophical works concerning pain in the broad sense of suffering. This article covers both topics.

Eradication of suffering
The eradication of suffering or abolition of suffering is a proposed goal within biotechnology and ethics to eliminate involuntary pain and suffering in all sentient beings. The concept involves using advanced techniques in genetic engineering, neuroscience, and pharmacology to mitigate or prevent negative experiences, with the long-term aim of replacing suffering with states of well-being. It is associated with strands of transhumanism, utilitarianism, and animal welfare ethics that advocate for the use of science and technology to reduce or abolish suffering on a global or species-wide scale.
C. Thomas White
C. Thomas White (October 5, 1928 – December 11, 2020) was a justice of the Nebraska Supreme Court from January 6, 1977 to 1998. Initially appointed to replace retiring Judge John E. Newton, White was named chief justice on January 26, 1995, to replace retiring Chief Justice Hastings. White served as chief until his retirement in 1998.

Born in Humphrey, Nebraska, White received his law degree as valedictorian of his class from Creighton University School of Law in 1952.

White died in Omaha, Nebraska, at the age of 92.

John E. Newton (judge)
John Edward Newton (April 4, 1904 – March 25, 1984) was a justice of the Nebraska Supreme Court, appointed to fill a vacancy on the court in 1967 and serving until his retirement in 1971.

Born in Ponca, Nebraska, Newton graduated from Ponca High School and received his law degree from the University of Nebraska College of Law.

On July 12, 1940, Newton married Bonnie May Brownlee, with whom he had a son and a daughter. He died at his home in Ponca at the age of 79.
Lailakh Mamalkha railway station
Lailakh Mamalkha railway station is a railway station on Sahibganj loop line under the Malda railway division of Eastern Railway zone. It is situated beside National Highway 80 At- Lailakh Mamalkha in Bhagalpur district in the Indian state of Bihar.

Malda railway division
Malda railway division is one of the four railway divisions under the jurisdiction of Eastern Railway zone of the Indian Railways. This railway division was formed in 1975 and its headquarters is located at Malda in West Bengal, India.

Asansol railway division, Sealdah railway division and Howrah railway division are the other railway divisions under the ER Zone headquartered at Kolkata.
English Electric: Full Power
English Electric: Full Power (sometimes abbreviated to EEFLP) is a compilation album by the English progressive rock band Big Big Train. It presents tracks from their seventh and eighth studio albums, English Electric Part One and English Electric Part Two, along with four new pieces (which were additionally released on the EP Make Some Noise) as a self-contained double CD album. The album was issued in a book-style digipack, including a 96-page booklet.

EEFLP (along with the Make Some Noise EP) marks the final release of English Electric material, which began work as early as 2010, and was the last release of new material from the band until  the EP Wassail in 2015. A new edition of EEFLP with a different cover under the name English Electric was released in 2016.

Wassail (EP)
Wassail is the third official studio EP by the English progressive rock band Big Big Train. It was released on 1 June 2015 by English Electric Recordings and Burning Shed. It contains three new songs and a live bonus track that originally appeared on The Underfall Yard. The title track also appears on the band's next full-length studio album, Folklore, released the following year, while the other two new songs are included only on the double-LP vinyl release of that album.
Michael Dryhurst
Michael John Dryhurst (March 22, 1938 – September 9, 2025) was a British-born American film producer, director, assistant director, second unit director, and author known for his work on the films Superman, Excalibur, Never Say Never Again, The Emerald Forest, Hope and Glory, and Hudson Hawk. He was the son of film director and producer Edward Dryhurst, worked on many films by filmmaker John Boorman, and wrote the novel Check the Gate! in 2022. He also wrote two books about buses and trams, and wrote many articles on historic buses.  In 1988, he was the co-recipient of the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy for his work as a producer of the film Hope and Glory. He mostly retired from working on films in 1991, and spent his retirement in Ireland and America. He died on September 9, 2025, at the age of 87.

AEC Regent III RT
The AEC Regent III RT was one of the variants of the AEC Regent III. It was a double-decker bus produced jointly between AEC and London Transport. It was the standard red London bus in the 1950s and continued to outnumber the better-known AEC Routemaster throughout the 1960s.
Stanley family
The Stanley family (or Audley-Stanley family) is an English family with many notable members, including the Earls of Derby and the Barons Audley who descended from the early holders of Audley and Stanley, Staffordshire. The two branches of the Audley family were made Barons Audley but both ended in the male line in the 14th century, after which their considerable estates were passed to a number of female heiresses, while the Stanleys would be elevated in the 15th century first to Barons Stanley and then Earls of Derby, a title they continue to hold.

The use of "Stanley" as a first name began with political followers of the family.

Margaret Audley, 2nd Baroness Audley
Margaret de Audley, suo jure 2nd Baroness Audley and Countess of Stafford (c. 1318 – 7 September 1349) was an English noblewoman. She was the only daughter of Hugh de Audley, 1st Earl of Gloucester, by his wife Lady Margaret de Clare. Her mother was the daughter of Joan of Acre, Princess of England; thus making Margaret a great-granddaughter of King Edward I by his first consort, Eleanor of Castile. As the only daughter and heiress of her father, she succeeded to the title of 2nd Baroness Audley [E., 1317] on 10 November 1347.
Herbert Grönemeyer discography
German singer Herbert Grönemeyer has released 17 studio albums, five live albums, as well as two compilations, six video albums and 40 singles. According to Bundesverband Musikindustrie, Grönemeyer is the best-selling artist in Germany, with over 18 million records sold. IFPI Austria lists sales of more than one million records, while the singer sold more than 650,000 records in Switzerland, according to IFPI Switzerland.

International Federation of the Phonographic Industry
The International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) is the organisation that represents the interests of the recording industry worldwide. It is a non-profit members' organisation registered in Switzerland. It operates a secretariat based in London, with regional offices in Brussels, Hong Kong, Miami, Abu Dhabi, Singapore and Nairobi.
1926 All-Eastern football team
The 1926 All-Eastern football team consists of American football players chosen by various selectors as the best players at each position among the Eastern colleges and universities during the 1926 college football season.

The 1926 Penn Quakers football team compiled a 7–1–1 record and led all other teams with three players named by at least one selector to the first team.

Three players received first-team honors on the All-Eastern team and were also consensus first-team picks on the 1926 All-America college football team: end Vic Hanson of Syracuse; tackle Frank Wickhorst of Navy; and guard Harry Connaughton of Georgetown.

Four of the players who received All-Eastern honors in 1926 were later inducted to the College Football Hall of Fame: Hanson of Syracuse; Wickhorst of Navy; tackle Bud Sprague of Army; and guard Herbert Sturhahn of Yale.

Bud Sprague
Mortimer Ernest "Bud" Sprague (September 8, 1904 – April 25, 1973) was an American college football player. He was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in 1970.

Sprague was one of the eight children born to Minna and George Sprague, of the Oak Cliff neighborhood in Dallas. His father, George, served on the Dallas City Council and as the Mayor of Dallas from 1937 to 1939. Sprague first played at the University of Texas before transferring to the United States Military Academy. He was captain of the 1928 Army Cadets football team. Three of his younger brothers—Howard, Johnny, and Charlie—captained football teams at Southern Methodist University (SMU). Sprague later became an insurance executive. He died of cancer, on April 25, 1973, at his home in Manhattan.
Decision analysis
Decision analysis (DA) is the discipline comprising the philosophy, methodology, and professional practice necessary to address important decisions in a formal manner. Decision analysis includes many procedures, methods, and tools for identifying, clearly representing, and formally assessing important aspects of a decision; for prescribing a recommended course of action by applying the maximum expected-utility axiom to a well-formed representation of the decision; and for translating the formal representation of a decision and its corresponding recommendation into insight for the decision maker, and other corporate and non-corporate stakeholders.

Utility
In economics, utility is a measure of a certain person's satisfaction from a certain state of the world. Over time, the term has been used with at least two meanings.

In a normative context, utility refers to a goal or objective that we wish to maximize, i.e., an objective function. This kind of utility bears a closer resemblance to the original utilitarian concept, developed by moral philosophers such as Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill.

In a descriptive context, the term refers to an apparent objective function; such a function is revealed by a person's behavior, and specifically by their preferences over lotteries, which can be any quantified choice.

The relationship between these two kinds of utility functions has been a source of controversy among both economists and ethicists, with most maintaining that the two are distinct but generally related.
Harðgreipr
Harðgreipr (or Harthgrepa; Old Norse: [ˈhɑrðˌɡrɛipz̠], 'Hard-grip') is a jötunn in Norse mythology. In Gesta Danorum, she is the daughter of the jötunn Vagnophtus and the nurse of the Danish hero Hadingus.

John Lindow
John Frederick Lindow (born July 23, 1946) is an American philologist who is Professor Emeritus of Old Norse and Folklore at University of California, Berkeley. He is a well known authority on Old Norse religion and literature.
Campuses of Georgetown University
The Campuses of Georgetown University, the Hilltop Campus, the Capitol Campus, and the Medical Campus, are located within Washington, DC. Georgetown's Hilltop and Medical Campuses are located in Georgetown, Washington, D.C. between Canal Road, Prospect Street, and Reservoir Road. The Capitol Campus is located in downtown DC on New Jersey Avenue, near Union Station. Georgetown previously also operated the Center for Continuing and Professional Education at Clarendon in Arlington, Virginia, but has since moved all operations to the Capitol Campus. Georgetown also has an overseas campus in Education City, Qatar, a facility in Jakarta, Indonesia, and villas in Alanya, Turkey and Fiesole, Italy.

Georgetown University Law Center
Georgetown University Law Center is the law school of Georgetown University, a private research university in Washington, D.C., United States. It was established in 1870 and is the largest law school in the United States by enrollment, with over 2,000 students. It frequently receives the most full-time applications of any law school in the United States. Georgetown is considered part of the T14, an unofficial designation in the legal community of the best 14 law schools in the United States.

The school's campus is less than a mile from the U.S. Capitol Building and U.S. Supreme Court. Prominent alumni include 11 current members of the United States Congress, federal and state judges, billionaires, and diplomats.
Everything bagel
An everything bagel is a type of bagel baked with a mix of toppings. The exact ingredients vary, but recipes often include garlic flakes, onion flakes, poppy seeds, sesame seeds and kosher salt. The bagels are made with regular dough, and the name is independent of additional fillings such as cream cheese.

The everything bagel inspired the creation of other food items with similar toppings, including bagel chips, croissants, rolls, roti, pasta, and mixed nuts. Pre-made mixes of everything bagel seasoning are also available.

Many bakeries and fast-casual restaurants offer the everything bagel. Its origins are disputed, but it was likely first created sometime between 1973 and 1980.

Cream cheese
Cream cheese is a soft, usually mild-tasting fresh cheese made from milk and cream.  Cream cheese is not naturally matured and is meant to be consumed fresh, so it differs from other soft cheeses, such as Brie and Neufchâtel. It is more comparable in taste, texture, and production methods to Boursin and mascarpone. Stabilizers, such as carob bean gum and carrageenan, are often added in industrial production. It can also come in several flavors.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration defines cream cheese as containing at least 33% milk fat with a moisture content of not more than 55%, and a pH range of 4.4 to 4.9. Similarly, under Canadian Food and Drug Regulations, cream cheese must contain at least 30% milk fat and a maximum of 55% moisture. In other countries, it is defined differently and may need a considerably higher fat content.

Cream cheese originated in the United States in the 1870s.