hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Glossary of video terms
This glossary defines terms that are used in the document "Defining Video Quality Requirements: A Guide for Public Safety", developed by the Video Quality in Public Safety (VQIPS) Working Group. It contains terminology and explanations of concepts relevant to the video industry. The purpose of the glossary is to inform the reader of commonly used vocabulary terms in the video domain. This glossary was compiled from various industry sources.

Charge-coupled device
A charge-coupled device (CCD) is an integrated circuit containing an array of linked, or coupled, capacitors. Under the control of an external circuit, each capacitor can transfer its electric charge to a neighboring capacitor. CCD sensors are a major technology used in digital imaging.
Matinkylä metro station
Matinkylä (Finnish) or Mattby (Swedish)  is an underground station of the western metro extension (Länsimetro) of the Helsinki Metro. It is located at the southern end of Iso Omena shopping centre. 3 December 2022, the extension from Matinkylä to Kivenlahti opened as part of the second phase of the Länsimetro. The station serves up to 30,000 people on weekdays. It is located 1,6 kilometres east from Finnoo metro station and 1,9 kilometres west from Niittykumpu metro station.

Exit to the Iso Omena shopping centre from the platform area at the metro station

Kivenlahti metro station
Kivenlahti (Finnish) or Stensvik (Swedish) is an underground terminus station on the western metro extension (Länsimetro) of the Helsinki Metro in Finland. The entrance to the station is located to the south of Kivenlahdentie in the area between Merivirta and Kivenlahdenkatu. The buildings at the West Entrance are located along the Kivenlahdentie. North side entrance is part of the bus to the terminal building. The Eastern entrance and the flagpole are located at the end of the Seaway Pedestrian Route. The station opened along with the second phase of Länsimetro 3 December 2022, and is located one kilometre west of Espoonlahti metro station, near the municipal border between Espoo and Kirkkonummi.
King Salmon River (Nushagak River tributary)
The King Salmon River is a 45-mile (72 km) tributary of the Nushagak River in southwest Alaska, United States. It flows eastward from headwaters 60°17′06″N 158°28′33″W﻿ / ﻿60.28500°N 158.47583°W﻿ / 60.28500; -158.47583 at a small unnamed lake in the Taylor Mountains to its confluence with the larger river about 220 miles (354 km) north of Nushagak Bay.

There are many rivers in Alaska bearing the name King Salmon River, including tributaries to the Egegik River and Ugashik River systems in southwest Alaska alone.  The name is also occasionally confused with that given the Kenai River, a popular fishing stream located in the Cook Inlet drainage of southcentral Alaska.

Besides king salmon, the river is also hosts pink salmon, grayling, burbot, whitefish and Arctic char.

Egegik River
The Egegik River (pronounced locally, I-ga-gik; Central Alaskan Yup'ik, Igyagiiq; translation, "swift") is a waterway in the U.S. state of Alaska. A biological survey was conducted at the base of the Alaska Peninsula in 1902 by Wilfred Hudson Osgood, which included the Egegik River.
University and college buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places
This is an incomplete list of historic properties and districts at United States colleges and universities that are listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP).  This includes National Historic Landmarks (NHLs) and other National Register of Historic Places listings.  It includes listings at current and former educational institutions.

The main list is organized by institution name. A second list of NHLs at colleges and universities is organized by state.

Of the colleges and universities listed here, the University of California, Berkeley, has the most NRHP listings, with 22, including one NHL. Tied for second are Harvard University with 17 NRHP listing including two historic districts and five NHLs, and the University of Florida which has 17, including one historic district with 14 contributing properties. The University of Wisconsin–Madison has the third most identified sites, with 16, of which four are NHLs.

University of Minnesota Morris
The University of Minnesota Morris (UMN–Morris) is a public liberal arts college in Morris, Minnesota, United States. It is part of the University of Minnesota system and was founded in 1960 as a public, co-educational, residential liberal arts college offering Bachelor of Arts degrees.
Balanstra Glacier
Balanstra Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Баланстра, romanized: lednik Balanstra, IPA: [ˈlɛdniɡ bɐˈɫanstrɐ]) is the 12 km long and 4 km wide glacier on Brabant Island in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica situated northeast of Hippocrates Glacier and southwest of Mackenzie Glacier.  It drains the southeast slopes of Stribog Mountains, flows east-southeastwards and enters Pampa Passage south of Momino Point and north of Pinel Point.

The glacier is named after the ancient Roman station of Balanstra in Western Bulgaria.

Momino Point
Momino Point (Bulgarian: нос Момино, ‘Nos Momino’ \'nos 'mo-mi-no\) is the ice-covered point on the south side of the entrance to Kayak Bay on the east coast of Brabant Island in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica.

The point is named after the settlements of Momino in Northeastern and Southern Bulgaria.
Foxes in popular culture
The fox appears in the folklore of many cultures, but especially European and East Asian, as a figure of cunning, trickery, or as a familiar animal possessed of magic powers, and sometimes associated with transformation. Literature, film, television, games, music, and other forms of cultural expression may reflect the folklore image and reputation.

The term "foxy" in English ("having the qualities of a fox") can also connote attractiveness, sexiness, or being red-haired. The term "to outfox" means "to beat in a competition of wits", similarly to "outguess", "outsmart", and "outwit".

Fox spirit
Fox spirits, or Huli jing (Chinese: 狐狸精), are Chinese mythological creatures usually capable of shapeshifting, who may either be benevolent or malevolent spirits. In Chinese mythology and folklore, the fox spirit takes a variation of forms with different meanings, powers, characteristics, and shapes, including huxian (狐仙; 'fox immortal'), hushen (狐神; 'fox god'), husheng (狐聖; 'fox saint'), huwang (狐王; 'fox king'), huyao (狐妖; 'fox demon'), huzu (狐族; 'fox clan'), and jiuweihu (九尾狐; 'nine-tailed fox').

Fox spirits and nine-tailed foxes appear frequently in Chinese folklore, literature, and mythology. Depending on the story, the fox spirit's presence may be a good or a bad omen. The motif of nine-tailed foxes from Chinese culture was eventually transmitted and introduced to Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese cultures.
Glendon, Northamptonshire
Glendon is a deserted village in the English county of Northamptonshire. Its location was on land to the east of Glendon Hall, now within the parish of Rushton, in the North Northamptonshire district. Neighbouring towns include Rothwell, Kettering, Rushton and Desborough.

North Northamptonshire
North Northamptonshire is a unitary authority area in the ceremonial county of Northamptonshire, England, and was created in 2021. The council is based in Corby, the district's largest town. Other notable towns are Kettering, Wellingborough, Rushden, Raunds, Desborough, Rothwell, Irthlingborough, Thrapston and Oundle.

North Northamptonshire borders the City of Peterborough, Rutland, Milton Keynes, Huntingdonshire, Bedford, Harborough, West Northamptonshire and South Kesteven districts.

It has a string of lakes along the Nene Valley Conservation Park, associated heritage railway, the village of Fotheringhay which has tombs of the House of York as well as a towering church supported by flying buttresses. This division has a well-preserved medieval castle in private hands next to Corby – Rockingham Castle – and about 20 other notable country houses, many of which have visitor gardens or days.
Anomodontaceae
Anomodontaceae is a family of mosses belonging to the order Hypnales.

Genera:

Anomodon Hook. & Taylor

Anomodontella Ignatov & Fedosov

Anomodontopsis Ignatov & Fedosov

Bryonorrisia L.R.Stark & W.R.Buck

Curviramea H.A.Crum

Haplohymenium Dozy & Molk.

Hypnales
Hypnales, synonyms including Isobryales, is an order of Bryophyta or leafy mosses. This group is sometimes called feather mosses, referring to their freely branched stems. The order includes more than 40 families and more than 4,000 species, making them the largest order of mosses.
Fred Faulkner Lester
Fred Faulkner Lester (April 29, 1926 – June 8, 1945) was a United States Navy hospital corpsman who was killed in action during World War II while assigned to a Marine Corps rifle company. He was posthumously awarded the nation's highest military decoration for valor, the Medal of Honor, for heroic actions "above and beyond the call of duty" on June 8, 1945, during the Battle of Okinawa.

Lester was buried at Clarendon Hills Cemetery in Darien, Illinois. The destroyer escort USS Lester (DE-1022) was named in his honor, as was Camp Lester, a Marine Corps installation, at Chatan, Okinawa, Japan, the former site of U.S. Naval Hospital Okinawa. Lester Elementary School was established in his name in his hometown.

Hospital corpsman
A hospital corpsman (HM) or corpsman (/ˈkɔːrmən/ CORE-man) is an enlisted medical specialist of the United States Navy, who may also serve in a U.S. Marine Corps unit. The corresponding rating within the United States Coast Guard is Health Services Technician (HS). The U.S. Navy Hospital Corps was created on 17 June 1898, with hospital corpsman used as a generic name for the applicable personnel while various other official names (including hospital apprentice, hospital steward, pharmacist's mate) were used for the rating; after World War II, hospital corpsman became the official name for the rating.
Darazamstani Gadarkeh
Darazamstani Gadarkeh (Persian: درزمستاني گدارکه, also Romanized as Darazamstānī Gadārkeh) is a village in Kuhdasht-e Shomali Rural District, in the Central District of Kuhdasht County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 76, in 13 families.

Kuhdasht-e Shomali Rural District
Kuhdasht-e Shomali Rural District (Persian: دهستان کوهدشت شمالی) is in the Central District of Kuhdasht County, Lorestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Namju. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Horin Khalifeh.
Philadelphia Yellow Jackets
The Philadelphia Yellow Jackets were a professional indoor football team and a member of the American Indoor Football league that played half a season in 2016 before folding due to financial issues.

In addition to being Philadelphia's second arena/indoor team (after the Philadelphia Soul, who played in the Arena Football League), the Yellow Jackets were named in honor of (and their visual identity is designed after) Philadelphia's first National Football League team, the Frankford Yellow Jackets.  The original Yellow Jackets played in the NFL from 1924 until 1931 (and notably won the 1926 NFL championship).

Frankford Yellow Jackets
The Frankford Yellow Jackets (sometimes called Frankford Yellowjackets) were a professional American football team, part of the National Football League from 1924 to 1931, although its origin dates back to as early as 1899 with the Frankford Athletic Association. The Yellow Jackets won the NFL championship in 1926. The team played its home games from 1923 in Frankford Stadium (also called Yellow Jacket Field) in Frankford, Philadelphia, a neighborhood in the northeast of Philadelphia, noted for the Market–Frankford Line that terminates there.
Oracles (band)
Oracles (formerly known as System Divide) is a Belgian melodic death metal band formed by the couple Sven de Caluwé (of Aborted) and Miri Milman (of Distorted) and featuring members from Israel, Netherlands, Greece and the US. On 13 March 2014, the band had announced an indefinite hiatus and disbanded after a messy divorce between Sven and Miri, but reformed in December 2014 as Oracles, with Sanna Salou, from Dimlight, on vocals.  In 2020, Miri Milman reformed System Divide, and released a new single.

Michael Wilson (guitarist)
Michael George Wilson (born October 30, 1952, in Portland, Jamaica) is songwriter and musician living in Norristown, Pennsylvania. He was formerly most known for being an important part of Burning Spear's comeback during the late 1970s through the early 1980s.
Melanesian Cup
The Melanesian Cup is a  rugby league football test match played between Fiji and Papua New Guinea first played in 2015. The matches in 2015, 2016 and 2018 were played as double-headers with the Polynesian Cup.

Papua New Guinea national rugby league team
The Papua New Guinea national rugby league team represents Papua New Guinea in the sport of rugby league football.

In Papua New Guinea, Rugby League is a highly popular sport and is regarded as the country's national sport. The national side are known as the Kumuls ("birds-of-paradise" in Tok Pisin).
Prudnik County
Prudnik County (Polish: powiat prudnicki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Opole Voivodeship, south-western Poland, on the Czech border. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Prudnik, which lies 46 kilometres (29 mi) south-west of the regional capital Opole. The county also contains the towns of Głogówek, lying 21 km (13 mi) east of Prudnik, and Biała, 11 km (7 mi) north-east of Prudnik.

The county covers an area of 571.16 square kilometres (220.5 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 55,325, out of which the population of Prudnik is 21,041, that of Głogówek is 5,592, that of Biała is 2,426, and the rural population is 26,266.

Głogówek
Głogówek ([ɡwɔˈɡuvɛk], German: Oberglogau, Czech: Horní Hlohov, Silesian: Gogōwek) is a small historic town in southern Poland. It is situated on the Osobloga River, in Opole Voivodeship of the greater Silesian region. The city lies approximately 35 kilometres (22 miles) from Opole, the capital of the voivodeship, and is about 10 km (6 mi) from the Czech border. The name of the city comes from the Polish word głóg, meaning 'hawthorn'. The plant was abundant in the area when the city was founded. The town is well known for its preserved medieval core, market square and many architectural monuments.

Since 2009, the town has been bilingual in Polish and German, a substantial German minority having remained in the area after the bulk of Silesia was ceded to Poland at the end of World War II.
Lucky Core Industries
Lucky Core Industries Limited, formerly known as ICI Pakistan, is a Pakistani conglomerate company headquartered in Karachi. It manufactures polyester, pharmaceutical, agrochemical, soda ash, and veterinary medicine.

Khewra, Jhelum
Khewra (Punjabi / Urdu: کھیوڑہ) is the second most populated city of Jhelum District and a neighboring city of Pind Dadan Khan in Jhelum District, Punjab, Pakistan. The city is administratively subdivided into two union councils and is the location of the Khewra Salt Mine. The population of Khewra city is about 35,000 (or 80,000).

Khewra city is also known as "The Kingdom of Salt" because of its rock salt which is 98% pure and natural source of salt in Pakistan. Khewra Salt Mine is the second largest salt mine in the world, after Sifto Salt Mines in Ontario, Canada.
Adam Wallin
Adam Wallin (born 7 December 2001) is a Swedish professional golfer and Challenge Tour player. As an amateur, he was runner-up at the 2022 Eisenhower Trophy and won three medals in European championships.

2022 European Amateur Team Championship
The 2022 European Amateur Team Championship took place 5–9 July at Royal St George's Golf Club in Sandwich, Kent, England. It was the 39th men's golf European Amateur Team Championship.

Team Spain won the championship. Defending champion from the 2021 European Amateur Team Championship, team Denmark, finished third.
Sape Strait
The Sape Strait (Indonesian: Selat Sape) or Sapie Strait is a strait connecting the Flores Sea to the Sumba Strait.  It separates the islands of Sumbawa and Komodo.  It joins the Indonesian provinces of West Nusa Tenggara and East Nusa Tenggara.

The Sape Strait is known for rough seas, shoals and strong currents, as well as spectacular marine life. The waters of the strait are enjoying growing popularity among diving enthusiasts.

Part of the Sape water area is included in the Komodo National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The volcanic islands in the Strait include:

Sangeang, Banta Island, Matagate Island (administratively part of Sumbawa Regency)

Komodo Island, Rinca Island (administratively part of East Flores Regency)

Sangeang Api
Sangeang Api (Gunung Api or Gunung Sangeang) is an active complex volcano on the island of Sangeang in Indonesia. It consists of two volcanic cones, 1,949 metres (6,394 ft) Doro Api and 1,795 m (5,889 ft) Doro Mantoi. Sangeang Api is one of the most active volcanoes in the Lesser Sunda Islands. Administratively the island forms one village (desa) within Wera District (kecamatan) of Bima Regency; it covers a land area of 165.76 km2 and had a population of 4,739 in mid 2023.
Natronolimnohabitans innermongolicus
Natronolimnohabitans innermongolicus is a species of archaea in the family Natrialbaceae. It has been proposed that Haloterrigena turkmenica be reclassified as Natronolimnohabitans innermongolicus due to the genome sequence of Haloterrigena turkmenica being contaminated in a previous study.

Natrialbales
Natrialbales is an order of halophilic, chemoorganotrophic archaea within the class Haloarchaea. The type genus of this order is Natrialba.

The name Natrialbales is derived from the Latin term Natriabla, referring to the type genus of the order and the suffix "-ales", an ending used to denote an order. Together, Natrialbales refers to an order whose nomenclatural type is the genus Natrialba.
DfrA-dnaX RNA motif
The dfrA-dnaX RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure that was discovered by bioinformatics.
dfrA-dnaX motifs are found in Parvimonas.

It is ambiguous whether dfrA-dnaX RNAs function as cis-regulatory elements or not.  dfrA-dnaX RNAs are apparently located in the 5' untranslated regions (UTRs) of a variety of non-homologous genes.  They are almost never (<1%) in locations that are unlikely to correspond to a 5' UTR.  These data suggest a role as a cis regulator.  However, the motif consists entirely of a hairpin whose terminal loop is quite large, and the motif is not well conserved.  This lack of conservation is surprising in view of the narrow range of organisms with the motif.  Therefore, it was proposed that it is possible that the motif serves another more general role, such as Rho-independent transcription termination.

Bioinformatics discovery of non-coding RNAs
Non-coding RNAs have been discovered using both experimental and bioinformatic approaches.  Bioinformatic approaches can be divided into three main categories.  The first involves homology search, although these techniques are by definition unable to find new classes of ncRNAs.  The second category includes algorithms designed to discover specific types of ncRNAs that have similar properties.  Finally, some discovery methods are based on very general properties of RNA, and are thus able to discover entirely new kinds of ncRNAs.
Glycoside hydrolase family 37
In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 37 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.

Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.

Glycoside hydrolase family 37 CAZY GH_37 comprises enzymes with only one known activity; trehalase (EC 3.2.1.28). Trehalase is the enzyme responsible for the degradation of the disaccharide alpha,alpha-trehalose yielding two glucose subunits. It is an enzyme found in a wide variety of organisms and whose sequence has been highly conserved throughout evolution.

Trehalase
Trehalase enzymes are hydrolytic glycosidases, produced by most forms of life (except mammals), which catalyze the reduction of trehalose (α-D-glucopyranosyl-1,1-α-D-glucopyranoside) - a non-reducing sugar and important storage carbohydrate - into glucose.

These enzymes are commonly found within brush border cells on the surface of the small intestine, and are present in most animals.

Two different trehalase enzymes have been isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and are classified according to the optimum working pH; where neutral trehalase (NT) has an optimum pH of 7.0, while that of acid trehalase (AT) is pH 4.5.

Recent studies of trehalase in S.cerevisiae have reported over 90% of AT activity is dedicated to extracellular cleavage of trehalose to glucose within the periplasmic space.
Apostolic Prefecture of Yueyang
The Apostolic Prefecture of Yueyang is Latin pre-diocesan jurisdiction of the Catholic Church with seat in Yueyang, Hunan province, central China.

It is exempt, i.e. directly dependent on the Holy See (not part of any ecclesiastical province), and on its missionary Roman Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples.

No statistics available. It borders on its mother diocese Changde and Roman Catholic Diocese of Puqi 蒲圻, on the archdioceses of Nanchang 南昌 and Changsha 長沙 and on the Apostolic Prefecture of Lixian 澧縣.

It is vacant, under an Apostolic administrator since 2012.

Yueyang
Yueyang, formerly known as Yuezhou or Baling, is a prefecture-level city on the eastern shores of Dongting Lake and the Yangtze river in the northeastern corner of Hunan Province in the People's Republic of China.

Yueyang has an administrative area of 14,896 km2 (5,751 sq mi) and the city proper, 304 km2 (117 sq mi). The population was 5,051,922 at the 2020 Chinese census whom 1,134,058 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made up of Yueyanglou District and Yunxi District, Junshan District not being conurbated. Yueyang is the only international trade port city in Hunan and a famous port city in China, at the same time, Yueyang's comprehensive economic strength ranks of Hunan second only to Changsha, the provincial capital.

The city's most famous attractions are the Yueyang Tower and Dongting Lake. The most famous food is Dongting lake silver fish (洞庭银鱼).

In 2021, the city's permanent resident population was 5,051,922, a decrease of 424,162 from the end of last year.
Loser on loser
A loser on loser play is a type of declarer's play in contract bridge, usually in trump contracts, where the declarer discards a loser card (the one that is bound to be given up anyway) on an opponent's winner, instead of ruffing.

The loser on loser technique can be executed for the following goals:

to promote tricks in the suit being led (e.g. ruffing finesse)

to maintain trump control of the hand,

to transfer the ruff to a "safer" suit (e.g. in order to perform a later crossruff).

as part of an avoidance play (e.g. the scissors coup)

to rectify the count for a subsequent squeeze play.

as part of an endplay.

Endplay
An endplay (also throw-in), in bridge and similar games, is a tactical play where a defender is put on lead at a strategic moment, and then has to make a play that loses one or more tricks. Most commonly the losing play either constitutes a free finesse, or else it gives declarer a ruff and discard. In a case where declarer has no entries to dummy (or to his own hand), the defender may also be endplayed into leading a suit which can be won in that hand.