hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Linköping Municipality
Linköping Municipality (Swedish: Linköpings kommun) is a municipality in Östergötland County in southern Sweden. With more than 165,000 inhabitants, it is the fifth largest municipality in Sweden.

The municipality is bordered in the west by Motala, and thence clockwise by Finspång, Norrköping, Söderköping, Åtvidaberg, Kinda, Boxholm and Mjölby municipalities.

The present municipality was formed in 1971 by the amalgamation of the City of Linköping with five surrounding rural municipalities. The number of original local government entities (as of 1863) making up Linköping Municipality is 32.

Linköping is one of the few municipalities in Sweden to style the speaker of the assembly as mayor.

Linköping wants to create a sustainable development of the city and therefore plan to become a carbon neutral community by 2025.

Boxholm Municipality
Boxholm Municipality (Swedish: Boxholms kommun) is a municipality in Östergötland County in southeast Sweden. Its seat is located in the industrial town of Boxholm.

The present municipality was formed in 1971, when the market town (köping) Boxholm (itself instituted in 1947) was amalgamated with Södra Göstring and a parish (Rinna) from the dissolved municipality of Folkunga.
Jacques Genest
Jacques Genest CC GOQ FRSC (May 29, 1919 – January 5, 2018) was a Canadian physician and scientist. He founded the Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM) and was an emeritus professor at Université de Montréal  and a professor at McGill University. Genest was best known for founding and leading several organizations related to clinical research in Québec and for his work on arterial hypertension.

Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada
Fellowship of the Royal Society of Canada (FRSC) is an award granted to individuals that the Royal Society of Canada judges to have "made remarkable contributions in the arts, the humanities and the sciences, as well as in Canadian public life". As of 2020, there are more than 2,000 living Canadian fellows, including scholars, artists, and scientists such as Margaret Atwood, Philip J. Currie, David Suzuki, Brenda Milner, and Demetri Terzopoulos. There are four types of fellowship:

Honorary fellows (a title of honour)

Regularly elected fellows

Specially elected fellows

Foreign fellows (neither residents nor citizens of Canada)
Timelines of the Sudanese civil war
The following are the available timelines for the Sudanese civil war (2023–present):

Timeline of the Sudanese civil war (2023)

Timeline of the Sudanese civil war (2024)

Timeline of the Sudanese civil war (2025)

Timeline of the Sudanese civil war (2026)

Timeline of the Sudanese civil war (2023)
The following is a timeline of the Sudanese civil war (2023–present) in 2023.

This timeline is a dynamic and fluid list, and as such may never satisfy criteria of completeness. Moreover, some events may only be fully understood and/or discovered in retrospect.
Hey, Sensei?
Hey, Sensei? (Japanese: ねえ、先生?, Hepburn: Nē, Sensei?) is a one-shot Japanese manga written and illustrated by Yaya Sakuragi. It was serialised in Biblos's Magazine Be x Boy. It is licensed in North America by Digital Manga Publishing, which released the manga through its imprint, Juné, on April 22, 2009. The manga is licensed in Germany as Lieber Lehrer... by Carlson Comics. Biblos released the manga on April 10, 2007.

Libre (publisher)
Libre Inc. (株式会社リブレ, Kabushiki-gaisha Ribure), formerly known as Libre Publishing (リブレ出版株式会社, Ribure Shuppan Kabushiki-gaisha) from 2006 to 2016, is a Japanese publishing company owned by Animate. Libre primarily publishes yaoi and teens' love manga and light novels, which are run in their magazines Magazine Be × Boy and Be × Boy Gold. The company was founded on May 8, 2006, after Biblos closed in April 2006, when their original parent company, Hekitensha, filed for bankruptcy.
Tales from the Golden Age
Tales from the Golden Age (Romanian: Amintiri din epoca de aur) is a 2009 Romanian omnibus film. It was screened as part of the Un Certain Regard section at the 2009 Cannes Film Festival.

The film is composed of six whimsical, yet blackly comic short stories, each one set in the late Communist period in Romania and based on urban myths from the time, reflecting the perspective of ordinary people. The title of the film refers to the alleged "Golden Age" (by Bolshevik propaganda) of the last 15 years of Nicolae Ceaușescu's regime.  Each episode concludes with "legend tells us... ", each item being legend because, of course, no such thing could have happened during the "Golden Age".

Anthology film
An anthology film (also known as an omnibus film, package film or portmanteau film) is a single film consisting of three or more shorter films, each complete in itself and distinguished from the other, though frequently tied together by a single theme, premise, or author. Sometimes each one is directed by a different director or written by a different author, or may even have been made at different times or in different countries. Anthology films are distinguished from "revue films" such as Paramount on Parade (1930)—which were common in Hollywood in the early decades of sound film, composite films, and compilation films.

Anthology films are often mistaken for hyperlink cinema. Hyperlink cinema shows parts of many stories throughout a film, whereas anthology films show story segments of one at a time. Some mistaken examples include Pulp Fiction (1994) and Amores Perros (2000), distributing their storylines non-chronologically, separated by segments.
Matnin
Matnin (Arabic: متنين, also spelled Mitneen) is a village in northwestern Syria, administratively part of the Hama Governorate, located just west of Hama. Nearby localities include Tayzin to the north, al-Rabiaa to the west, Birin to the south and Kafr Buhum to the southeast. According to the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Matnin had a population of 2,446 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Sunni Muslims.

Hama
Hama (Arabic: حَمَاة Ḥamāh, [ħaˈmaː]) is a city on the banks of the Orontes River in west-central Syria. It is located 213 kilometres (132 mi) north of Damascus and 46 km (29 mi) north of Homs. It is the provincial capital of the Hama Governorate, which is the only Governorate with no land borders with any foreign countries. With a population of 996,000 (2023 census), Hama is one of the four largest cities in Syria, with Damascus, Aleppo and Homs. Hama is known for its cheese-making tradition, notably reflected in a signature local dessert Halawet el Jibn.

The city is renowned for its seventeen norias used for watering the gardens, which are claimed to date back to 1100 BC. Though historically used for irrigation, the norias are used purely for show today and currently serve no direct purpose, being used as a tourist attraction and a symbol of the city, also this city is popular in protest during the assad regime (ex: Yalla Erhal Ya Bashar (song)
Feihe, Hefei
Feihe (Chinese: 淝河; pinyin: Féihé) is a town in Baohe District, Hefei, Anhui. As of 2020, it administers three residential neighborhoods: Ge Dadian (葛大店), Laoguantang (老官塘), and Jiadaying (贾大郢), as well as the following six villages:

Huangzhen Village (黄镇村)

Weixiang Village (卫乡村)

Huangxiang Village (黄巷村)

Pingtangwang Village (平塘王村)

Xijing Village (席井村)

Guanzhen Village (关镇村)

Baohe, Hefei
Baohe District (simplified Chinese: 包河区; traditional Chinese: 包河區; pinyin: Bāohé Qū) is one of four urban districts of the prefecture-level city of Hefei, the capital of Anhui Province, East China, located on the northwest shore of Lake Chao. The district has an area of 294.94 km2 (113.88 sq mi) and a population of 817,686 inhabitants. It governs 7 subdistricts and 2 towns.
2019 UAE Tour
The 2019 UAE Tour was a road cycling stage race, that took place between 24 February and 2 March 2019 in the United Arab Emirates. It was the first edition of the UAE Tour, replacing the Abu Dhabi Tour and Dubai Tour races. It was the third race of the 2019 UCI World Tour.

The race was won by Slovenian rider Primož Roglič of Team Jumbo–Visma.

2019 UCI World Tour
The 2019 UCI World Tour was a series of races that included thirty-eight road cycling events throughout the 2019 men's cycling season. It was the first time since the World Tour was launched by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) in 2009 that it was not a ranking competition in its own right. The tour started with the opening stage of the Tour Down Under on 15 January and concluded with the final stage of the Tour of Guangxi on 22 October.
Geology of Pluto
The geology of Pluto consists of the characteristics of the surface, crust, and interior of Pluto. Because of Pluto's distance from Earth, in-depth study from Earth is difficult. Many details about Pluto remained unknown until 14 July 2015, when New Horizons flew through the Pluto system and began transmitting data back to Earth. When it did, Pluto was found to have remarkable geologic diversity, with New Horizons team member Jeff Moore saying that it  "is every bit as complex as that of Mars". The final New Horizons Pluto data transmission was received on 25 October 2016. In June 2020, astronomers reported evidence that Pluto may have had a subsurface ocean, and consequently may have been habitable, when it was first formed.

Solid nitrogen
Solid nitrogen is a number of solid forms of the element nitrogen, first observed in 1884. Solid nitrogen is mainly the subject of academic research, but low-temperature, low-pressure solid nitrogen is a substantial component of bodies in the outer Solar System and high-temperature, high-pressure solid nitrogen is a powerful explosive, with higher energy density than any other non-nuclear material.
Marcus Vitorius Marcellus
Marcus Vitorius Marcellus or Vitorius Marcellus (c. 60 – after 105) was a Roman senator who lived in the 1st century and 2nd century. He was a friend of Quintilian and the poet Statius. Marcellus was suffect consul for the nundinium of September to December 105 with Gaius Caecilius Strabo as his colleague.

Nundinium
Nundinium was a Latin word derived from the word nundinum, which referred to the cycle of days observed by the Romans. During the Roman Empire, nundinium came to mean the duration of a single consulship among several in a calendar year.
Bob Runciman
Robert William "Bob" Runciman CM OOnt (born August 10, 1942) is a Canadian politician and former provincial Leader of the Opposition in the Ontario Legislature. First elected to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario in 1981, he held the seat continuously for Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario for the next 29 years. On January 29, 2010, he was appointed to the Senate of Canada as a Conservative, where he served until August 10, 2017.

Member of Provincial Parliament (Canada)
Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) is the title of an elected member of the Legislative Assembly of the Canadian province of Ontario. Elsewhere in Canada, the titular designation "Member of Provincial Parliament" has also been used to refer to members of the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada from 1791 to 1838, and to members of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1955 to 1968.
Musa Halilu Ahmed
Musa Halilu-Ahmed OFR, also known as Dujima or Musa Yola (born May 13, 1976), is a Nigerian businessman and politician. He is the Dujuma of Adamawa State, a highly revered traditional title that dates back to the old Borno Empire during the 18th century in Nigeria. He is the Chairman of TILT Group, a multinational conglomerate headquartered in Nigeria with diversified investments spanning key business sectors of the African economy, including energy, construction, engineering, agriculture, and technology.

BTEC Extended Diploma
The BTEC (Business and Technology Education Council) Level 3 diploma is a Further Education qualification and vocational qualification taken in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. The qualification is organised and awarded by Pearson within the BTEC brand and it is equivalent to A-Levels. It is equivalent to the GCE A Levels, more specifically to three A2 awards (when studying for the BTEC Extended Diploma) and the AVCE.

This qualification is taken in order to gain entry to the vast majority of Higher Education providers. Nevertheless, as it is mostly coursework based, the University of Cambridge and the University of Oxford may require it to be combined with more traditional qualifications, typically studying for A-levels as well. It is the responsibility of the Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Apprenticeships and Skills in the Department for Education.
Ramasaig
Ramasaig is a small township on the western shore of the Duirinish peninsula, on  Dunvegan, Isle of Skye and is in the Scottish Highlands and is in the Scottish council area of Highland. Ramasaig lies close to the Ramasaig Cliffs, at the southern end of the shallow bowl shaped bay made up of Ramasaig Bay at the southern end and Moonen Bay at the north.

Dunvegan
Dunvegan (Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Bheagain) is a village on the Isle of Skye in Scotland. It is famous for Dunvegan Castle, seat of the chiefs of Clan MacLeod. Dunvegan is within the parish of Duirinish. In 2011, it had a population of 386.
Iwama, Ibaraki
Iwama (岩間町, Iwama-machi) was a small town located in Nishiibaraki District, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan.

On March 19, 2006, Iwama, along with the town of Tomobe (also from Nishiibaraki District), was merged into the expanded city of Kasama.

Aikikai
The Aikikai is the original school of Aikido. It is centered on the Aikikai Foundation in Japan, and its figurehead is the Doshu (the family heir of the founder of Aikido). It is represented globally through the International Aikido Federation.
Abacarus
Abacarus is a genus of acari, including the following species:

Abacarus acutatus Sukhareva, 1985

Abacarus doctus Navia et al., 2011

Abacarus hystrix (Nalepa, 1896)

Abacarus lolii Skoracka, 2009

Abacarus sacchari Channabasavanna, 1966

Abacarus sacchari
Abacarus sacchari, also known as the sugarcane rust mite, is an agricultural pest mite found mostly on sugarcane plantations in Africa, Brazil, India, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Venezuela, and southern Florida.
Africallagma sapphirinum
Africallagma sapphirinum, the sapphire bluet, is a species of damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae. It is endemic to South Africa, where it is locally common.

This species is found in grassland, where its natural habitat is ponds and lakes with floating aquatic plants.

This bluet is 24–28 mm long, with a wingspan of 26–33 mm. The thorax is sapphire-blue with black dorsal and antehumeral stripes. The abdomen is deep blue and black; segments one to five are mainly sapphire-blue with a discontinuous black dorsal stripe, segments eight and nine are blue and segments six, seven and ten are mostly black.

Immature male

Immature male

Male

Male

Male abdomen

Male head

Mating pair

Mating pair

Coenagrionidae
Coenagrionidae is a family of damselflies, also known as pond damselflies, in the order Odonata and the suborder Zygoptera. The Zygoptera are the damselflies, which although less known than the dragonflies, are no less common. More than 1,300 species are in this family, making it the largest damselfly family. The family Coenagrionidae has six subfamilies: Agriocnemidinae, Argiinae, Coenagrioninae, Ischnurinae, Leptobasinae, and Pseudagrioninae.

This family is referred to as the narrow-winged damselflies or the pond damselflies. The Coenagrionidae enjoy a worldwide distribution, and are among the most common of damselfly families. This family has the smallest of damselfly species. More than 110 genera of the family Coenagrionidae are currently accepted.
2020 Central American Championships in Athletics
The 31st Central American Championships in Athletics were held at the Estadio Nacional in San José, Costa Rica, on 28 and 29 December 2020.

A total of 41 events were contested, 21 by men, 20 by women.

Central American Championships in Athletics
The Central American Championships in Athletics (Campeonatos Centroamericanos Mayores) is an athletics event organized by the Confederación Atlética del Istmo Centroamericano CADICA (Central American Isthmus Athletic Confederation) open for athletes from member associations.
1999 Monte Carlo Rally
The 1999 Monte Carlo Rally (formally known as the Rallye Automobile de Monte-Carlo 1999) was a motor racing event for rally cars that was held over three days between 18 and 20 January 1999. It marked the 67th running of the Monte Carlo Rally, and was the first round of the 1999 World Rally Championship season. The 1999 event was based in the city-state of Monaco and was contested over fourteen special stages, covering a total competitive distance of 424.69km (263.89 miles).

Tommi Makinen was the defending world rally champion, as was Team Mitsubishi Ralliart. Peugeot Esso would not compete in the event. The Ford Motor Co Ltd entries would be excluded from the final results after an illegal water pump was discovered.

Makinen, along with co-driver Risto Mannisenmaki won the rally, their first win since the 1998 Rally Australia, putting them in the lead of the championship.

1999 World Rally Championship
The 1999 World Rally Championship was the 27th season of the FIA World Rally Championship. The season consisted of 14 rallies. Tommi Mäkinen won his fourth drivers' world championship driving for Mitsubishi, ahead of Richard Burns and Didier Auriol. The manufacturers' title was won by Toyota, ahead of Subaru and Mitsubishi.

In an upset predicted two years earlier a two-wheel-drive car won a rally for the first time since Alain Oreille won the 1989 Rallye Côte d'Ivoire in his Renault 5 when Philippe Bugalski took his Citroën Xsara Kit Car to victory in the Rally Catalunya. Bugalski backed it up three weeks later winning the Tour de Corse. With such specialised tarmac cars now beating WRC cars while at the same time not competing in the FIA 2-Litre World Rally Cup designed for them a revamp of two-wheel-drive regulations was created for the 2000 season.
Gun control in Russia
Gun control in Russia is carried out in accordance with the Federal Law on Weapons. The law establishes three major categories of weapons: civil, service, and military. Civilians in Russia are able to obtain firearms with proper licensure, with some limits on concealed carry.

Concealed carry
Concealed carry, or carrying a concealed weapon (CCW), is the practice of carrying a weapon (usually a sidearm such as a handgun), either in proximity to or on one's person in public places in a manner that hides or conceals the weapon's presence from surrounding observers. In the United States, the opposite of concealed carry is called open carry.

While most law enforcement officers carry their handguns in a visible holster, some officers such as plainclothes detectives or undercover agents carry weapons in concealed holsters.  In some countries and jurisdictions, civilians are legally required to obtain a concealed carry permit in order to possess and carry a firearm.  In others, a CCW permit is only required if the firearm is not visible to the eye, such as carrying the weapon in one's purse, bag, trunk, etc.
Henry I, Count of Schwerin
Henry I, Count of Schwerin (c. 1155 – 17 February 1228), also known as Henry the Black, was a German nobleman.  He was a ruling Count of  Schwerin and played an important role in the ending of the Danish supremacy in the southern coast of the Baltic Sea.

Niels, Count of Halland
Niels Valdemarsen, Count of Halland, Nikolaus, (died 1218) was Count of Halland from 1216 until his death in 1218. He was a natural son of King Valdemar II of Denmark by an unknown mistress.

In 1217, Niels married Oda of Schwerin, a daughter of Gunzelin I, Count of Schwerin. As a result of the marriage, half the county of Schwerin was pledged as security to Niels until her dowry could be paid.

He had a son Niels Nielsen Skarsholm af Halland (1215-1260) who married Cecilie Jensdatter Galen (1215-1260). They had a son Jacob Nielsen Skarsholm af Halland (1250-1308).

Niels died in 1218, his widow in 1220. They were survived by a son, Niels, Count of Northern Halland. Disputes over his claims to the German territories pledged to his father, led to the capture of his grandfather Valdemar II in 1223 by Henry, Count of Schwerin.
Arizona v. United States
Arizona v. United States, 567 U.S. 387 (2012), was a United States Supreme Court case involving Arizona's SB 1070, a state law intended to increase the powers of local law enforcement that wished to enforce federal immigration laws. The issue is whether the law usurps the federal government's authority to regulate immigration laws and enforcement. The Court ruled that sections 3, 5(C), and 6 of S. B. 1070 were preempted by federal law but left other parts of the law intact, including a provision that allowed law enforcement to investigate a person's immigration status.

Federal preemption
In the law of the United States, federal preemption is the invalidation of a U.S. state law that conflicts with federal law.  The rules of preemption seek to restrict it to only where it is explicit or necessary. In the course of adjudicating cases, the issue of preemption may be heard in either state or federal court.
King's Sedgemoor
King's Sedgemoor is a piece of rich animal habitat and farming land, that forms part of the Somerset Levels and Moors in South West England.

The area of King's Sedgemoor fell within the Whitley Hundred,

It is a Site of Special Scientific Interest, at the centre of the larger Altcar series peat basin of King’s Sedgemoor; lying between the Sowy River to the west, Cradle Bridge to the east and extending to the south over Beer Wall into part of Aller Moor.  It is adjacent to the Greylake SSSI.

King's Sedgemoor Drain, originally constructed in 1797-8, proved inadequate for draining the village of Chedzoy's moors, so in 1861 the Chedzoy Internal Drainage District built a small pumping station on the River Parrett, in Westonzoyland parish, to drain the Chedzoy moors southwards.

Sowy River
The Sowy River is an artificial drainage channel in Somerset, England, designed to act as a flood relief channel for the River Parrett. Water from the Parrett can be diverted into it just below Langport, and is conveyed to the King's Sedgemoor Drain, which discharges back into the Parrett much nearer to its outfall into the Bristol Channel. Following extensive flooding of the surrounding land in 2014, new culverts to carry the river under the A372 road at Beer Wall were constructed, and a three-year project to raise the banks and widen the channel to increase its capacity was undertaken.
2011 UCI Road World Championships – Men's time trial
The men's time trial of the 2011 UCI Road World Championships cycling event took place on 21 September 2011 in Copenhagen, Denmark.

After bronze medals in both 2009 and 2010, Tony Martin won his first world championship title after setting the quickest time at each of the intermediate splits, before crossing the line in a time over a minute faster than anyone else. He caught and passed the two riders who started directly before him, David Millar and Mikhail Ignatiev, and came within 45 seconds of catching a third (Taylor Phinney). The silver medal went to Great Britain's Bradley Wiggins, with the bronze medal going to four-time world champion Fabian Cancellara, who trailed Wiggins by 4.76 seconds after making an error in the closing stages.

2010 UCI Road World Championships – Men's time trial
The Men's time trial of the 2010 UCI Road World Championships cycling event took place on 30 September in Melbourne (Geelong), Australia, the first time in the event's 77 times that it has been held in Australia.

Fabian Cancellara defended his title, and in doing so, clinched a record fourth time trial world championship, recording a time more than a minute faster than any of his rivals. Great Britain's David Millar took silver, with Germany's Tony Martin claiming bronze. The two Australian entrants, Richie Porte and Michael Rogers, came in fourth and fifth respectively in their home country.