hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mater lectionis
A mater lectionis (/ˌmeɪtər ˌlɛktiˈoʊnɪs/ ⓘ MAY-tər LEK-tee-OH-niss, /ˌmɑːtər -/ MAH-tər -⁠; Latin for 'mother of reading', pl. matres lectionis /ˌmɑːtreɪs -/ MAH-trayss -⁠; original Hebrew: אֵם קְרִיאָה, romanized: ʾēm qərîʾāh) is any consonant letter that is used to indicate a vowel, primarily in the writing of Semitic languages such as Arabic, Hebrew and Syriac. The letters that do this in Hebrew are aleph א, he ה, vav ו and yud י, with the latter two in particular being more often vowels than they are consonants. In Arabic, the matres lectionis (though they are much less often referred to thus) are ʾalif ا, wāw و and yāʾ ي.

The original value of the matres lectionis corresponds closely to what are called in modern linguistics glides or semivowels.

Ayin
Ayin (also ayn or ain; transliterated  ⟨ʿ ⟩) is the sixteenth letter of the Semitic scripts, including Phoenician ʿayin 𐤏, Hebrew ʿayin ע‎, Aramaic ʿē 𐡏, Syriac ʿē ܥ, and Arabic ʿayn ع‎ (where it is sixteenth in abjadi order only). It is related to the Ancient North Arabian 𐪒‎‎, South Arabian 𐩲, and Ge'ez ዐ.

The letter represents a voiced pharyngeal fricative (/ʕ/) or a similarly articulated consonant. In some Semitic languages and dialects, the phonetic value of the letter has changed, or the phoneme has been lost altogether. In the revived Modern Hebrew it is reduced to a glottal stop or is omitted entirely, in part due to Ashkenazi European influence and their difficulty in pronouncing the consonant.

The Phoenician letter is the origin of the Greek, Latin and Cyrillic letters O, O and O. It is also the origin of the Armenian letters Ո and Օ.

The Arabic character is the origin of the Latin-script letter Ƹ.
Driven (2018 film)
Driven is a 2018 biographical comedy thriller film directed by Nick Hamm and written by Colin Bateman. The film stars Jason Sudeikis, Lee Pace, Judy Greer, Isabel Arraiza, Michael Cudlitz, Erin Moriarty, Iddo Goldberg, Tara Summers, Justin Bartha, and Corey Stoll. The film premiered at the 75th Venice International Film Festival on September 8, 2018, and subsequently screened at the 2018 Toronto International Film Festival. It was released in the United States on August 16, 2019, by Universal Pictures Home Entertainment Content Group and Variance Films and in the United Kingdom on November 8, 2019, by Vertigo Releasing.

Iddo Goldberg
Iddo Goldberg (Hebrew: עדו גולדברג; born 5 August 1975) is an Israeli actor, known for his roles as Ben in Secret Diary of a Call Girl (2007–2011), Freddie Thorne in Peaky Blinders (2013), Isaac Walton in Salem (2014–2017), and Bennett Knox in Snowpiercer (2020–2024).
Mikhail Gurevich (psychiatrist)
Mikhail Osipovich Gurevich (Russian: Михаи́л О́сипович Гуре́вич) (September 18, 1878, the village of Sosnytsia, Chernigov Governorate — November 16, 1953) was a Ukrainian and Soviet psychiatrist, one of leaders of Russian psychoneurology, honoured worker of science of the RSFSR, and a full member of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences.

USSR Academy of Medical Sciences
The USSR Academy of Medical Sciences (Russian: Акаде́мия медици́нских нау́к СССР) was the highest scientific and medical organization founded in the Soviet Union founded in 1944. Its successor is the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences founded in 1992, and is a part of the Russian Academy of Sciences since 2013.
A Nice Girl Like You
A Nice Girl Like You is a 2020 American romantic comedy film directed by the Riedell Brothers (Chris and Nick Riedell), from a screenplay by Andrea Marcellus, based on the 2007 memoir Pornology by Ayn Carrillo Gailey. The film stars Lucy Hale and Leonidas Gulaptis.

The film was released video on demand on July 17, 2020, by Vertical Entertainment.

Vertical (film company)
Vertical (formerly Vertical Entertainment) is an American independent film distribution company founded by producers Rich Goldberg and Mitch Budin in 2012. Vertical releases films across all mediums, including theatrical, video on demand, physical media and streaming.
Robin Belcher
Robin Belcher (born August 1, 1976) is a former Democratic member of the Ohio House of Representatives, representing the 10th District from May 2009 to December 2010. She was appointed to the seat when Eugene Miller left to fill a vacancy on Cleveland City Council.

Belcher earned a bachelor’s degree in political science from Bowling Green State University, Master’s degree in Public Administration from Ohio State University and a law degree from the University of Missouri in Columbia, Missouri.

Eugene Miller (Ohio politician)
Eugene Miller is a former member of Cleveland City Council and a former member of the Ohio House of Representatives, representing the 10th District from 2007 to 2009. He has represented Cleveland's Ward 10 since May 2009, when he was appointed to complete the unexpired term of Councilman Roosevelt Coats. He won an election for the seat in November 2009.
McHugh Peak
McHugh Peak is a 4,308-foot (1,313 m) mountain summit located in the western Chugach Mountains, in Anchorage Municipality, in the U.S. state of Alaska. McHugh Peak is situated in Chugach State Park, 14 mi (23 km) southeast of downtown Anchorage, and 5 mi (8 km) southwest of O'Malley Peak. Reaching the top involves hiking on a ridge trail and scrambling the final summit tor. The hike to McHugh Peak is detailed in several popular guidebooks. This geographic feature's local name was reported in 1942 by the Army Map Service, and was officially adopted in 1969 by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names. The mountain's name is derived from McHugh Creek which drains the south slope of this peak, and the creek's name was first published in 1912 by the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey. This mountain is called Q'isqa Dghelaya in the Denaʼina language, meaning Banjo Snowshoe Mountain. "Q'isqa" are temporary snowshoes made of lashed brush.

O'Malley Peak
O'Malley Peak is a 5,150+ ft (1,570+ m) mountain summit located in the Chugach Mountains, in Anchorage Municipality in the U.S. state of Alaska. O'Malley Peak is situated in Chugach State Park, 12 mi (19 km) southeast of downtown Anchorage, 2.3 mi (4 km) west of Mount Williwaw, and 1.45 mi (2 km) northwest of The Ramp, which is its nearest higher peak. Access is via the Powerline Trail with several scramble routes to the summit.
Harbor of Missing Men
Harbor of Missing Men is a 1950 American action film directed by R. G. Springsteen and written by John K. Butler. The film stars Richard Denning, Barbra Fuller, Steven Geray, Aline Towne, Percy Helton and George Zucco. The film was released on March 26, 1950 by Republic Pictures.

Richard Denning
Richard Denning (born Louis Albert Heindrich Denninger Jr.; March 27, 1914 – October 11, 1998) was an American actor who starred in science fiction films of the 1950s, including Unknown Island (1948), Creature from the Black Lagoon (1954), Target Earth (1954), Day the World Ended (1955), Creature with the Atom Brain (1955), and The Black Scorpion (1957). Denning also appeared in the film An Affair to Remember (1957) with Cary Grant and on radio with Lucille Ball in My Favorite Husband: 244  (1948–1951), the forerunner of I Love Lucy. He's more well-known as Governor Paul Jameson in late 1968-1980 police procedural TV series Hawaii Five-O.
Bibiana Boerio
Bibiana Boerio (born 17 March 1954) is an American businesswoman. She has served as the managing director of Jaguar Cars (the first woman to hold that post), chief of staff to U.S. Representative Joe Sestak (D-PA), and interim president of Seton Hill University. She was the Democratic nominee for Pennsylvania's 14th congressional district in the 2018 election, losing to Republican Guy Reschenthaler.

Pennsylvania's 14th congressional district
Pennsylvania's 14th congressional district is located in the southwestern part of the state and includes all of Fayette County, Greene County, and Washington County, and most of Indiana, Westmoreland, and Somerset counties. It is represented by Republican Guy Reschenthaler.

Before 2018, the 14th district included the entire city of Pittsburgh and parts of surrounding suburbs. The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania redrew the district in February 2018 after ruling the previous map unconstitutional. The 14th and 18th districts swapped names and had their boundaries adjusted for the 2018 elections and representation thereafter.
The Altar Tour
The Altar Tour is the second official headlining concert tour by American musician Banks. It is in support of her second studio album The Altar (2016). The tour began on February 24, 2017, in Antwerp, Belgium and concluded on November 3, 2017, in Rotterdam, Netherlands.

The Altar
The Altar is the second studio album by American singer and songwriter Banks, released on September 30, 2016, by Harvest Records. Banks collaborated with several producers on the album, including Tim Anderson, Sohn, and Al Shux, with whom she worked on her debut studio album, Goddess. The album received generally positive reviews from critics and became her second top 20 in the United States, peaking at number 17 on the Billboard 200. It spawned four singles: "Fuck with Myself", "Gemini Feed", "Mind Games", and "To the Hilt".
Saudi-led intervention in Bahrain
The Saudi–led intervention in Bahrain began on 14 March 2011 to assist the Bahraini government in suppressing an anti-government uprising in the country. The intervention came three weeks after the U.S. pressured Bahrain to withdraw its military forces from the streets. As a decision by the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), the intervention included sending 1,000 (1,200) troops with vehicles from Saudi Arabia at the invitation of the Al-Khalifa ruling family, marking the first time the GCC used such a collective military option for suppressing a revolt.

Calling it both an occupation and a declaration of war, the Bahraini opposition pleaded for foreign help. The intervention was precedented by the 1994 Saudi intervention in Bahrain.

Unified Military Command
The Unified Military Command of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), formerly known as the Peninsula Shield Force (Arabic: قوات درع الجزيرة المشتركة), is a regional military organization that coordinates joint defense and security efforts among the six GCC member states: Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. The command was renamed on 5 January 2021, following the GCC summit in Al-Ula, to reflect deeper military integration and cooperation. Its emblem symbolizes unity, protection, and readiness, representing the collective defense capabilities of the GCC countries.
Amy Rodgers
Amy Mae Rodgers (born 4 May 2000) is a professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Women's Super League 2 club Nottingham Forest and the Scotland national team. She previously played for London City Lionesses, Liverpool, and Bristol City. She represented England in youth internationals, but subsequently changed her international status to play for Scotland.

London City Lionesses
London City Lionesses is a professional women's association football club based in Bromley, England. The team competes in the Women's Super League, the first tier of English women's football. The club was founded in May 2019, as an independent breakaway club from Millwall Lionesses.
The Maniacs
The Maniacs (Bosnian: Manijaci) are a group of Ultras of the Bosnian football club FK Željezničar Sarajevo. There are also subgroups like Blue Tigers, Joint Union, Urban Corps, Stari Grad, Curva Sud and Vendetta.

Stadion Grbavica
Grbavica Stadium (Bosnian: Stadion Grbavica) is located in Grbavica, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. This football stadium has terraces close to the pitch and it is the home stadium of FK Željezničar Sarajevo and one of two stadiums of the national football team of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The stadium has a capacity to hold 13,146 seated spectators. Grbavica Stadium is also known as Dolina ćupova (en. Valley of Jars).
Llŷr Gruffydd
Llŷr Huws Gruffydd (born 25 September 1970) is a Welsh Plaid Cymru politician, serving as a Member of the Senedd (MS) for the North Wales region since 2011. He acted as interim leader of Plaid Cymru from 16 May to 16 June 2023.

North Wales (Senedd electoral region)
North Wales (Welsh: Gogledd Cymru) is an electoral region of the Senedd, consisting of nine constituencies. The region elects thirteen members, nine directly elected constituency members and four additional members. The electoral region was first used in the 1999 Welsh Assembly election, when the National Assembly for Wales was created.

Each constituency elects one Member of the Senedd by the first past the post electoral system, and the region as a whole elects four additional or top-up Members of the Senedd, to create a degree of proportional representation. The additional member seats are allocated from closed lists by the D'Hondt method, with constituency results being taken into account in the allocation.
X Factor (Italian TV series) season 12
X Factor is an Italian television music competition to find new singing talent; the winner receives a recording contract with Sony Music. Fedez and Manuel Agnelli have been as judges and mentors, Mara Maionchi is returned, also Alessandro Cattelan was confirmed as host. The twelfth season was aired on Sky Uno and TV8 since September 2018. Asia Argento was part of the season line up but was subsequently removed following sexual abuse allegations Lodo Guenzi replaced her in the live shows.

Fedez
Federico Leonardo Lucia (born 15 October 1989), better known by the stage name Fedez (Italian: [ˈfɛːdets]), is an Italian rapper, singer-songwriter, social media personality, and businessman.

In 2011, he released the albums Penisola che non c'è and Il mio primo disco da venduto, released as free digital downloads. His first studio album, Sig. Brainwash - L'arte di accontentare, was released in 2013, and it debuted at number one on the Italian Albums Chart. The album, which spawned three singles, including the top 10 hit "Cigno nero" featuring Francesca Michielin, was later certified 3× Platinum by the Federation of the Italian Music Industry. As of September 2024, Fedez has 5 No. 1 studio albums, 32 top ten singles (12 of which peaked at No. 1) and over 50 Platinum certifications.
Govt First Grade College Ankola
Govt First Grade College Ankola was established on October 15, 2007 in Ankola, India. The college's name was changed to Poojageri. The college is a public institution in the Uttara Kannada District. The Principal is S.V. Nayak. The college offers B.A, B.Com, B.Sc, B.B.A, and M.A in economics courses. GFGC Ankola comes under the Kud Department. It has about 600 students.

Ankola
Ankola is a town municipal council and taluka in the Uttara Kannada district of the Indian state of Karnataka. The town is approximately 33 km (21 mi) from district headquarters Karwar.

Ankola is a small town surrounded by temples, schools, paddy fields, and mango orchads. Its name derives from the common name for Alangium salviifolium, a flower that grows in nearby hills. It is located on the coast of the Laccadive Sea and has many natural beaches. Ankola is known for a native breed of mango, Kari Ishad, as well as its cashews.
Camp Wilson
Warren Camp Wilson (March 29, 1922 – March 22, 2001) was an American football player. He played college football at Tarleton Junior College (1941), Hardin–Simmons University (1942), and the University of Tulsa (1943–1945). He helped lead his teams to appearances in the four consecutive New Year's Day bowl games: 1943 Sun Bowl, 1944 Sugar Bowl, 1945 Orange Bowl, and 1946 Oil Bowl.  He later played at the fullback position for the Detroit Lions of the National Football League (NFL) from 1946 to 1949 and was the team's leading rusher each year from 1946 to 1948.

1944 Sugar Bowl
The 1944 Sugar Bowl was a college football bowl game played on January 1, 1944, at Tulane Stadium in New Orleans, Louisiana.  It was the tenth playing of the Sugar Bowl.  The Tulsa Golden Hurricane returned to the game for the second consecutive season and faced the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets, who became the first team to have played in all four major bowls; they had previously participated in the 1929 Rose Bowl, the 1940 Orange Bowl, and the 1943 Cotton Bowl Classic. The Golden Hurricane had an 18–7 lead at halftime, but Georgia Tech roared back, scoring 13 unanswered points to win.
Kings Langley railway station
Kings Langley railway station serves the villages of Kings Langley, Abbots Langley and Hunton Bridge, in Hertfordshire, England. It is a stop on the West Coast Main Line, 21 miles (34 km) north-west of London Euston. It lies almost under the M25 motorway, near to junction 20. The station and all services calling here are operated by London Northwestern Railway.

West Midlands Trains
WM Trains Limited, doing business as West Midlands Trains, is a British state-owned train operating company that operates commuter and local services in the West Midlands region and on the West Coast Main Line between London and the Northwest under two trading names: within the West Midlands region as West Midlands Railway (WMR) and outside the region as London Northwestern Railway (LNR). It assumed responsibility  for these services on 1 February 2026 at the conclusion of the outsourcing contract previously placed with Transport UK Group and Mitsui & Co.
Helium storage and conservation
Helium storage and conservation is a process of maintaining supplies of helium and preventing wasteful loss.

Helium is commercially produced as a byproduct of natural gas extraction. Until the mid-1990s, the United States Bureau of Mines operated a large scale helium storage facility to support government requirements for helium.

The Helium Privatization Act of 1996 and subsequent increased demand for helium has led to market volatility and the entrance of significant new producers. Intermittent shortages or price increases have motivated helium users to find new ways to save on helium consumption.  A lack of helium supply can affect researchers and industrial users of helium, and may lead to loss of research materials and equipment.

United States Bureau of Mines
The United States Bureau of Mines (USBM) was the primary United States government agency in the 20th century that conducted scientific research and disseminated information on the extraction, processing, use, and conservation of mineral resources. The Bureau was abolished in 1996.
Shock therapy (economics)
In economics, shock therapy is a group of policies intended to be implemented simultaneously in order to liberalize an economy, including liberalization of all prices, privatization, trade liberalization, and stabilization via tight monetary policies and fiscal policies. In the case of post-communist states, it was implemented in order to transition from a planned economy to a market economy. More recently, it has been implemented in Argentina by the administration of Javier Milei.

Post-communism
Post-communism is the period of political and economic transformation or transition in post-Soviet states and other formerly communist states located in Central-Eastern Europe and parts of Latin America, Africa, and Asia, in which new governments aimed to create free market-oriented capitalist economies. In 1989–1992, communist party governance collapsed in most communist party-governed states. After severe hardships communist parties retained control in China, Cuba, Laos, North Korea, and Vietnam. SFR Yugoslavia began to disintegrate, which plunged the country into a long complex series of wars between ethnic groups and nation-states. Soviet-oriented communist movements collapsed in countries where they were not in control.
Jodi (2023 film)
Jodi (pronounced [d͡ʒoːɽiː]) is an Indian Punjabi-language romantic-comedy period film written and directed by Amberdeep Singh. It is co-produced by Karaj Gill under Rhythm Boyz Entertainment and Daljit Thind under Thind Motion Films. The film stars Dosanjh and Nimrat Khaira.

Dosanjh started working on music of the film in August 2019, and its filming began on 5 October 2019. The film was scheduled to be released on 26 June 2020 but it was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The film was scheduled for release on 24 June 2021, but was postponed again due to COVID-19. It was finally released on 5 May 2023.

Karaj Gill
Karaj Gill is an Indian film producer who makes Punjabi-language films and music. He owns a production house and distribution company Rhythm Boyz Entertainment. Gill began producing films in 2015, with a historical romance film Angrej. He has been nominated for six Filmfare Punjabi Awards, winning two for Bambukat (2016) and Lahoriye (2017), among other accolades.
Sex hormone
Sex hormones, also known as sex steroids,  gonadocorticoids and gonadal steroids, are steroid hormones that interact with vertebrate steroid hormone receptors. The sex hormones include the androgens, estrogens, and progestogens. Their effects are mediated by slow genomic mechanisms through nuclear receptors as well as by fast nongenomic mechanisms through membrane-associated receptors and signaling cascades. Certain polypeptide hormones including the luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone – each associated with the gonadotropin axis – are usually not regarded as sex hormones, although they play major sex-related roles.

Luteinizing hormone
Luteinizing hormone (LH, also known as luteinising hormone, lutropin and sometimes lutrophin) is a hormone produced by gonadotropic cells in the anterior pituitary gland. The production of LH is regulated by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus. In females, an acute rise of LH known as an LH surge, triggers ovulation and development of the corpus luteum. In males, where LH had also been called interstitial cell stimulating hormone (ICSH), it stimulates Leydig cell production of testosterone. It acts synergistically with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
Helly Nahmad (New York art collector)
Helly Nahmad (born circa 1978) is an American art dealer and art collector. In 2000, he founded the Helly Nahmad Gallery in Manhattan, New York, which holds several fine art exhibitions each year featuring artists such as Pablo Picasso, Chaïm Soutine, Francis Bacon, and Giorgio de Chirico.

In 2014, he was sentenced to 12 months in prison (and served four) after pleading guilty to a federal charge, "operating an illegal gambling business". In January 2021, he was pardoned by President Donald Trump. In 2018, Nahmad bought Picasso's Young Girl with a Flower Basket painting for $115 million. The painting will go on loan to Musée d'Orsay in Paris.

Chaïm Soutine
Chaïm Soutine (French: [ʃaim sutin]; Russian: Хаим Соломонович Сутин, romanized: Khaim Solomonovich Sutin; Yiddish: חײם סוטין, romanized: Chaim Sutin; 13 January 1893 – 9 August 1943) was a French painter of Belarusian-Jewish origin of the School of Paris, who made a major contribution to the Expressionist movement while living and working in Paris.

Inspired by classic painting in the European tradition, exemplified by the works of Rembrandt, Chardin and Courbet, Soutine developed an individual style more concerned with shape, color, and texture than representation, which served as a bridge between more traditional approaches and the developing form of Abstract Expressionism.