hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Opera Company of Middlebury
Opera Company of Middlebury (OCM) is an American opera company based in Middlebury, Vermont. It was founded in 2004.

OCM presents two operas per year at Town Hall Theatre, a venue that OCM played "a significant role" in helping restore. All productions are presented in their original language with surtitles projected over the stage.

In October 2018 OCM took Donizetti's L'Elisir d'Amore on tour to three Vermont cities. OCM also presents the Metropolitan Opera HD Broadcasts in conjunction with Town Hall Theatre; each opera is preceded an hour ahead by a talk about it by an OCM board member.

Middlebury, Vermont
Middlebury is the shire town (county seat) of Addison County, Vermont, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 9,152. Middlebury is home to Middlebury College and the Henry Sheldon Museum of Vermont History and the adjacent hardware store.
Lougee Basabas
Maria Lourdes Grace Valdivia Basabas-Alejandro, better known as Lougee (pronounced "Loo-gee") (born October 24, 1984), is a Filipino singer and songwriter. She is the lead vocalist of the alternative rock band Mojofly and was a host of the popular noontime variety show, Eat Bulaga!.

The Voice of the Philippines
The Voice of the Philippines is a Philippine television reality singing competition that aired on ABS-CBN, and is based on the Dutch television series The Voice of Holland. The show premiered on June 15, 2013 and was hosted by Toni Gonzaga and Robi Domingo. Sarah Geronimo, Bamboo Mañalac, Lea Salonga, and apl.de.ap serve as the four coaches and the judging panel of the show.

The show had aired two seasons and had produced two winners: Mitoy Yonting and Jason Dy.

It is the fourth national franchise in the Southeast Asian region after Vietnam, Thailand, and Indonesia.
Dakha Kwadi
Dakha Kwadi is a town and market center in Pyuthan Municipality of Pyuthan, a Middle Hills district of Rapti Zone, western Nepal. The former Village Development Committee along with Pyuthan Khalanga, Bijubar, Dakha Kwadi, Bijaya Nagar, Dharmawati, Maranthana and Khaira were merged to form the new municipality since 18 May 2014.

Khaira, Nepal
Khaira was a town and Village Development Committee  in Pyuthan District in the Rapti Zone of central south-western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4,217 persons residing in 769 individual households.
Aurelio Denegri
Marco Aurelio Denegri Valega (1840–1909) was a Prime Minister of Peru under Andrés Avelino Cáceres in 1881. He was the mayor of Lima 1874–1875. He was Minister of Finance in 1879 and from 1881 to 1883. He served as the second vice president from 1886 to 1890.

Andrés Avelino Cáceres
Andrés Avelino Cáceres Dorregaray (10 November 1836 – 10 October 1923) was a Peruvian politician and general who served as the President of Peru, from 1886 to 1890 as the 27th president, and again from 1894 to 1895 as the 30th. He is considered a Peruvian national hero for leading the resistance against the Chilean occupation during the War of the Pacific (1879–1883), in which he fought as a general in the Peruvian Army.
Driver 76
Driver '76 is a 2007 action-adventure and driving video game for the PlayStation Portable. It was developed by Ubisoft Reflections and Sumo Digital, and published by Ubisoft, and is the only Driver title for the system.

The game is a prequel to Driver: Parallel Lines (2006), set two years prior. Driver 76 is very similar, set in the same game world environment and sharing most of the same vehicles as well as soundtrack, with minor differences in each of these. Plotwise, it revolves around player-character Ray and his friend Slink, both of whom were supporting characters in Parallel Lines.

Ubisoft Reflections
Ubisoft Reflections Limited (formerly Reflections and later Reflections Interactive Limited) is a British video game developer and a studio of Ubisoft based in Newcastle upon Tyne. Founded in 1984 by Martin Edmondson and Nicholas Chamberlain, the studio focuses on racing games and it is best known for creating the award-winning Driver series. Reflections was acquired by GT Interactive in 1998 – which later turned into Atari Inc. – and sold to Ubisoft in 2006. The company worked in close cooperation with sister studio Ubisoft Leamington, until its closure in 2025.
USS Guam (LPH-9)
USS Guam (LPH-9), was an Iwo Jima-class amphibious assault ship, and was laid down by the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard on 15 November 1962; launched on 22 August 1964, sponsored by Mrs. Vaughn H. Emory Green, and commissioned on 16 January 1965. She was the third US Navy ship to carry the name, after the US Territory of Guam.

3-inch/50-caliber gun
The 3-inch/50-caliber gun (spoken "three-inch fifty-caliber") in United States naval gun terminology indicates the gun fired a projectile 3 inches (76 mm) in diameter, and the barrel was 50 calibers long (barrel length is 3 in × 50 = 150 in or 3.8 m). Different guns (identified by Mark numbers) of this caliber were used by the U.S. Navy and U.S. Coast Guard from 1900 through to 1990 on a variety of combatant and transport ship classes.

The gun is still in use with the Spanish Navy on Serviola-class patrol boats.
Neoabietic acid
Neoabietic acid is a naturally occurring organic compound classified as a diterpenoid with the molecular formula C20H30O2. This is a diterpenoid resin acid found in conifer resins, particularly in processed pine rosin. Neoabietic acid is a structural isomer of abietic acid and belongs to the abietane-type diterpene family. The compound forms primarily through thermal or chemical isomerization of abietic acid during the distillation and processing of crude rosin.

Abietic acid
Abietic acid (also known as abietinic acid or sylvic acid) is a diterpenoid found in coniferous trees. It is supposed to exist to defend the host plant from insect attack or various wounds. Chemically, it is a complicated molecule featuring two alkene groups and a carboxylic acid within a chiral tricyclic framework. As the major component of rosin, it is commercially important. Historically speaking, it was a major component of naval stores. It is the most common of the resin acids. Another common resin acid is pimaric acid, which converts to abietic acid upon heating.
2001 Ballon d'Or
The 2001 Ballon d'Or, given to the best football player in Europe as judged by a panel of sports journalists from UEFA member countries, was awarded to Michael Owen on 18 December 2001. On 12 November 2001, the shortlist of 50 male players compiled by a group of experts from France Football was announced.

Owen was the fourth English national to win the award after Stanley Matthews (1956), Bobby Charlton (1966) and  Kevin Keegan (1978, 1979).

1956 Ballon d'Or
The 1956 Ballon d'Or was the inaugural Ballon d'Or award given to the best football player in Europe as judged by a panel of sports journalists from UEFA member countries. Stanley Matthews received the award on 18 December 1956.
Haverford High School
Haverford Senior High School is the public high school of Haverford Township, Pennsylvania, United States, operated by the School District of Haverford Township. It is at 200 Mill Road in Havertown. The school serves the entirety of Haverford Township, including all of the unincorporated community of "Havertown" (a place name created by the United States Postal Service to designate ZIP code 19083, which is wholly within Haverford Township), and the Haverford Township portions of the unincorporated communities of Haverford, Bryn Mawr, Ardmore, Drexel Hill, and Wynnewood.

Wynnewood, Pennsylvania
Wynnewood is a suburban unincorporated community, located west of Philadelphia, straddling Lower Merion Township in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania and Haverford Township in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States.

The community was named in 1691 for Dr. Thomas Wynne, William Penn's physician and the first Speaker of the Pennsylvania General Assembly. Wynnewood is one of many neighborhoods on the historic Philadelphia Main Line, and is the home of institutions such as Lankenau Medical Center, St. Charles Borromeo Seminary, Palmer Theological Seminary, All Saints' Episcopal Church, and Friends' Central School.
Maharagama Electoral District
Maharagama Electoral District was an electoral district of Sri Lanka between July 1977 and February 1989. The district was named after the town of Maharagama in Colombo District, Western Province. The 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka introduced the proportional representation electoral system for electing members of Parliament. The existing 160 mainly single-member electoral districts were replaced with 22 multi-member electoral districts. Maharagama electoral district was replaced by the Colombo multi-member electoral district at the 1989 general elections, the first under the PR system, though Maharagama continues to be a polling division of the multi-member electoral district.

Colombo Electoral District
Colombo Electoral District is one of the 22 multi-member electoral districts of Sri Lanka created by the 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka. The district is conterminous with the administrative district of Colombo in the Western province. The district currently elects 19 of the 225 members of the Sri Lankan Parliament and had 1,765,351 registered electors in 2024. The district is Sri Lanka's Electorate Number 01.
Batrachedrodes lomentella
Batrachedrodes lomentella is a moth of the family Momphidae. It was first described by Lord Walsingham in 1907. It is endemic to the Hawaiian islands of Oahu and Hawaii.

The larvae have been found among the dead leaves of an unidentified fern.

Momphidae
The Momphidae, or mompha moths, is a family of moths with some 115 described species. It was described by Gottlieb August Wilhelm Herrich-Schäffer in 1857. These moths tend to be rather small with a wingspan of up to 21 mm. The wings are held folded over the body at rest. The larvae are concealed feeders, either as leaf miners or within seeds or stems.
Grayson Valley, Alabama
Grayson Valley is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in the northeastern Birmingham area, in Jefferson County, Alabama, United States. It is located between the Spring Lake neighborhood of Birmingham, Alabama and the Birmingham suburbs of Clay, Trussville, and Center Point. At the 2020 census, the population was 5,982.

Center Point, Alabama
Center Point is a city and a former census-designated place (CDP) in northeastern Jefferson County, Alabama, United States. It is part of the Birmingham metropolitan area. At the 2020 census, the population was 16,406. However, after its incorporation in 2002, the city's boundaries are much smaller than those of the CDP. As of the 2010 census, the population of the incorporated city was 16,921. The public high school for Center Point is Center Point High School grades 9th-12th. The public middle school for Center Point is Erwin Middle School grades 6th-8th. Center Point has 2 public elementary schools, Erwin Intermediate School grades 3rd-5th and Center Point Elementary School grades K-2nd. Center Point current mayor is Bobby Scott, who was elected October 6, 2020.
Leko–Nimbari languages
The Leko–Nimbari or Chamba–Mumuye languages are a subgroup of the old Adamawa languages family (G2, G4, G5, G12), provisionally now a branch of the Savanna languages. They are spoken in northern Cameroon and eastern Nigeria.

The four Leko languages include Chamba Leko of the Chamba people, with about 60,000 speakers.

The dozen Duru languages include Vere, with over 100,000 speakers.

The dozen Mumuye–Yendang languages include Mumuye, with half a million speakers, and Yendang, with perhaps 100,000.

Nimbari, with only a hundred speakers, forms its own branch.

Mumuye–Yendang languages
The Mumuye–Yendang languages are a proposed group of Savanna languages spoken in eastern Nigeria. They were labeled "G5" in Joseph Greenberg's Adamawa language-family proposal.

Mumuye languages

Yendang languages

Their unity is not accepted by Güldemann (2018).

Only Mumuye and Yendang proper have more than about 5,000 speakers. Mumuye is the most widely spoken Adamawa language.
2018 SAFF U-15 Championship
The 2018 SAFF U-15 Championship was the fifth edition of the SAFF U-15 Championship, an international football competition for men's under-15 national teams organized by SAFF. The tournament was hosted by Nepal from October 25 to November 3, 2018, at ANFA Complex in Lalitpur, Nepal. Six out of seven teams from the region took part, as Sri Lanka later withdrew their team, and the teams were divided into two groups. On 3 November 2018, Bangladesh edged out Pakistan in a close match decided in a penalty shootout to claim their second SAFF title.

SAFF U-17 Championship
The SAFF U-15/U-16/U-17 Championship is an annual international football competition contested by the national teams of the members of the South Asian Football Federation (SAFF). The first edition was held as SAFF U-16 Championship, where most teams sent their U-15 team, keeping in mind AFC U-17 Asian Cup hold every following years to SAFF U-16 Championship. In the 2017 edition, it was held as SAFF U-15 Championship and the subsequent 2022 edition, the SAFF U-17 Championship was introduced. The first edition of the tournament took place in Nepal in August 2011. The competition was launched under the leadership of SAFF President Kazi Salahuddin who was elected in 2009.
2022 European Aquatics Championships
The 2022 European Aquatics Championships took place in Rome, Italy, from 11 to 21 August 2022. The event exactly coincided with, but was not officially part of, the 2022 European Championships. This diverged from the joined format of the 2018 edition, which was held as part of the inaugural 2018 European Championships.

2018 European Aquatics Championships
The 2018 European Aquatics Championships took place in Glasgow, Edinburgh and Luss in the central belt of Scotland, from 3 to 12 August 2018.

The championships were part of the first European Championships with other events happening in Scotland and Berlin.
Metamathematics
Metamathematics is the study of mathematics itself using mathematical methods. This study produces metatheories, which are mathematical theories about other mathematical theories. Emphasis on metamathematics (and perhaps the creation of the term itself) owes itself to David Hilbert's attempt to secure the foundations of mathematics in the early part of the 20th century. Metamathematics provides "a rigorous mathematical technique for investigating a great variety of foundation problems for mathematics and logic" (Kleene 1952, p. 59). An important feature of metamathematics is its emphasis on differentiating between reasoning from inside a system and from outside a system. An informal illustration of this is categorizing the proposition "2+2=4" as belonging to mathematics while categorizing the proposition "'2+2=4' is valid" as belonging to metamathematics.

Stephen Cole Kleene
Stephen Cole Kleene (/ˈkleɪni/ KLAY-nee; January 5, 1909 – January 25, 1994) was an American mathematician and logician. One of the students of Alonzo Church, Kleene, along with Rózsa Péter, Alan Turing, Emil Post, and others, is best known as a founder of the branch of mathematical logic known as recursion theory, which subsequently helped to provide the foundations of theoretical computer science. Kleene's work grounds the study of computable functions. A number of mathematical concepts are named after him: Kleene hierarchy, Kleene algebra, the Kleene star (Kleene closure), Kleene's recursion theorem and the Kleene fixed-point theorem. He also invented regular expressions in 1951 to describe McCulloch-Pitts neural networks, and made significant contributions to the foundations of mathematical intuitionism.
Kempes Nine Daies Wonder
Kempes Nine Daies Wonder. Performed in a daunce from London to Norwich is a semi-fictional autobiographical pamphlet by English actor and dancer William Kempe which documents his 27-day journey from London to Norwich in February and March that year, printed in 1600 by Edward Allde for the bookseller Nicholas Ling. For this 27-day journey, Kempe morris danced for nine days, spending the rest of the time as an honoured guest in towns along the way which included Bow, Ilford, Brentwood, Chelmsford, Sudbury, Bury St Edmunds and Thetford.

The pamphlet, of which there is only one extant copy, is the only piece of writing that can be safely credited to Kempe, and additionally harbours the only confirmed contemporary image of Kempe to exist. Though Kempe did make the journey from London to Norwich, the pamphlet is closer to a piece of fiction that intends to advertise Kempe and is not a factual historical account of events.

Pamphlet
A pamphlet is an unbound book (that is, without a hard cover or binding). Pamphlets may consist of a single sheet of paper that is printed on both sides and folded in half, in thirds, or in fourths, called a leaflet, or it may consist of a few pages that are folded and saddle stapled or sewn at the crease to make a simple book.

In the "International Standardization of Statistics Relating to Book Production and Periodicals", UNESCO defines a pamphlet as "a non-periodical printed publication of 5 to 48 pages, excluding covers, published in a specific country and available to the public," while a book is "a non-periodical printed publication of at least 49 pages, excluding covers." These definitions are intended solely for UNESCO's book production statistics.
Polish Panel Survey
The Polish Panel Survey (POLPAN, Polskie Badanie Panelowe) is a program of panel surveys of the population of Poland carried out by the Research Team on Comparative Social Inequality at the Institute of Philosophy and Sociology of the Polish Academy of Sciences. The study started in 1988 and is repeated in five-year intervals. The focus of the Polish Panel Survey is to describe Poland's social structure and its change.

POLPAN data and documentation from the waves 1988, 1993, 1998, and 2003 are available for download at GESIS – Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences and from the Polish Social Data Archive. The latter archive also contains 2008 POLPAN wave data and documentation.

Panel data
In statistics and econometrics, panel data and longitudinal data are both multi-dimensional data involving measurements over time. Panel data is a subset of longitudinal data where observations are for the same subjects each time.

Time series and cross-sectional data can be thought of as special cases of panel data that are in one dimension only (one panel member or individual for the former, one time point for the latter). A literature search often involves time series, cross-sectional, or panel data.

A study that uses panel data is called a longitudinal study or panel study.
Veveří Castle
Veveří (Czech: hrad Veveří, German: Eichhorn) is an originally ducal and royal castle in Brno in the Czech Republic. It is located about 12 kilometres (7 mi) northwest of Brno city centre on the Svratka River.

John Henry, Margrave of Moravia
John Henry of Luxembourg (Czech: Jan Jindřich, German: Johann Heinrich; 12 February 1322 – 12 November 1375), a member of the House of Luxembourg, was Count of Tyrol from 1335 to 1341 and Margrave of Moravia from 1349 until his death.
Megistaspis
Megistaspis (Greek for "largest shield") is a genus of asaphid trilobites that lived throughout the Early and Middle Ordovician. Megistaspis was common throughout the Early and Middle Ordovician of Baltoscandia, but specimens have also been found in Australia, France, Germany, Morocco, and the United States. Appendages and a digestive system of M. hammondi have been preserved; it likely served as a mixed detritivore, producing Cruziana rugosa trace fossils. Meanwhile, Megistaspis hyorrhina may have burrowed below the sediment, using a swelling on the head to detect pressure changes. Megistaspis is also notable as it displays a large degree of morphological variation as a result of environmental conditions like ocean depth and substrate. The genus plays an important part in the biostratigraphy of Ordovician Baltoscandia, with several biozones being named after Megistaspis species.

Pygidium
The pygidium (pl.: pygidia) is the posterior body part or shield of crustaceans and some other arthropods, such as insects and the extinct trilobites. In groups other than insects, it contains the anus and, in females, the ovipositor. It is composed of fused body segments, sometimes with a tail, and separated from thoracic segments by an articulation.
Ramanthapur
Ramanthapur lies in the eastern part of the city of Hyderabad, located in the Indian state of Telangana. It lies between Uppal and Amberpet, on the road from Uppal to Kachiguda. The area has been drastically developed when compared to the early 1920s . The population has also sighted a raise with increase in construction of new residential buildings. It forms Ward No. 9 of Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation.

Kachiguda
Kachiguda (Telugu : కాచిగూడ ) is one of the old neighbourhoods in Hyderabad, Telangana, India. The third largest railway station in Hyderabad, Kacheguda railway station, built during the Nizam rule, is a major landmark of Kachiguda.
Lungotevere delle Navi
Lungotevere delle Navi is the stretch of lungotevere linking Ponte Giacomo Matteotti to Piazzale delle Belle Arti in Rome, in the Flaminio district.

The lungotevere is named after the Italian Navy, whose ministry is located in the avenue; it was established by resolution of the Governor of 7 May 1928.

The palazzo della Marina, set of the Ministry offices, was built between 1924 and 1928 and designed by Giulio Magni in 1914. Of Neo-Baroque style, the façade features two anchors that mark the entrance, which belonged to the Austrian battleships Viribus Unitis and Tegetthoff, sunken on 1 November 1918 in Pula.

In correspondence of Lungotevere delle Navi, between Ponte Matteotti and Ponte Risorgimento, is  located  an "Urban Oasis of the Tiber", in custody to WWF since 1989.

Italian Navy
The Italian Navy (Italian: Marina Militare, lit. 'Military Navy'; abbreviated as MM) is one of the four branches of Italian Armed Forces and was formed in 1946 from what remained of the Regia Marina (Royal Navy) after World War II. The Italian Navy has a strength of approximately 29,300 active personnel, with 184 vessels and 70 aircraft in service. It is considered a multiregional and a blue-water navy.
Helmholtz minimum dissipation theorem
In fluid mechanics, Helmholtz minimum dissipation theorem (named after Hermann von Helmholtz who published it in 1868) states that the steady Stokes flow motion of an incompressible fluid has the smallest rate of dissipation than any other incompressible motion with the same velocity on the boundary. The theorem also has been studied by Diederik Korteweg in 1883 and by Lord Rayleigh in 1913.

This theorem is, in fact, true for any fluid motion where the nonlinear term of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations can be neglected or equivalently when , where  is the vorticity vector. For example, the theorem also applies to unidirectional flows such as Couette flow and Hagen–Poiseuille flow, where nonlinear terms disappear automatically.

Couette flow
In fluid dynamics, Couette flow is the flow of a viscous fluid in the space between two surfaces, one of which is moving tangentially relative to the other. The relative motion of the surfaces imposes a shear stress on the fluid and induces flow. Depending on the definition of the term, there may also be an applied pressure gradient in the flow direction.

The Couette configuration models certain practical problems, like the Earth's mantle and atmosphere, and flow in lightly loaded journal bearings. It is also employed in viscometry and to demonstrate approximations of reversibility.

It is named after Maurice Couette, a Professor of Physics at the French University of Angers in the late 19th century. Isaac Newton first defined the problem of Couette flow in Proposition 51 of his Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, and expanded upon the ideas in Corollary 2.