hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Term of patent in the United States
Under United States patent law, the term of patent, provided that maintenance fees are paid on time, is 20 years from the filing date of the earliest U.S. or international application (that is to say, an application under the PCT system) to which priority is claimed (excluding provisional applications).

The patent term in the United States was changed in 1995 to bring U.S. patent law into conformity with the World Trade Organization's Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) as negotiated in the Uruguay Round. As a side effect, it is no longer possible to maintain submarine patents in the U.S., since the patent term now depends on the filing date, not the issue date.

Design patents have a shorter term than utility patents. Design patents filed on or after May 13, 2015, have a term of 15 years from issuance. Design patents filed prior to May 13, 2015, have a term of 14 years from issuance.

Term of patent
The term of a patent is the maximum time during which it can be maintained in force. It is usually expressed in a number of years either starting from the filing date of the patent application or from the date of grant of the patent. In most patent laws, annuities or maintenance fees have to be regularly paid in order to keep the patent in force. Thus, a patent may lapse before its term if a renewal fee is not paid in due time.
Lalbiakzama
Lalbiakzama is a Zoram People's Movement politician and 15th current Speaker of Mizoram Legislative Assembly from 2023. He had been elected in Mizoram Legislative Assembly   from Chalfilh Assembly constituency as candidate of Zoram People's Movement.

Zoram People's Movement
The Zoram People's Movement (abbreviated: ZPM) is a regional political party in the Indian state of Mizoram. It was formed as an alliance of six regional parties under the leadership of Lalduhoma in 2017. The party advocates for secularism and the protection of religious minorities in India.

In its first ever elections in 2018 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election, the alliance won eight seats. It was reformed as a political party and registered with the election commission in 2019. In the 2023 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election, the party won 27 out of 40 seats in the state legislature and Lalduhoma became the chief minister.
Mungurrawuy Yunupingu
Mungurrawuy Yunupingu (1907–1979), known mononymously among his people as Mungurrawuy,  was a Aboriginal Australian artist and leader of the Gumatj clan of the Yolngu people of northeastern Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory of Australia. He was known for his bark paintings and for his involvement in the Yirrkala church panels and the Yirrkala bark petitions of 1963.

Australian Aboriginal kinship systems
Aboriginal Australian kinship comprises the systems of Aboriginal customary law governing social interaction relating to kinship in traditional Aboriginal cultures. It is an integral part of the culture of every Aboriginal group across Australia, and particularly important with regard to marriages between Aboriginal people.
Kockurus
Kockurus is a problematic genus of Cambrian arthropod, known from the Czech Republic, which bears some resemblance to the eurypterids, aglaspidids and chelicerates. It is diagnostic of a small and low-diversity fauna endemic to the area, which dwelt in brackish waters.

Along with the very closely related Kodymirus, it is an enigmatic Cambrian arthropod whose precise taxonomic affinity is uncertain, but is best considered to be a stem-group or ally of the aglaspidids.

Kodymirus
Kodymirus is an extinct genus of Early Cambrian arthropod, known from the Czech Republic. Although it possessed great appendage-like raptorial arms, it was not homologous with those of megacheirans. Kodymirus is currently considered a member of Vicissicaudata, closely related to aglaspidids, and more distantly to trilobites. It is part of a small and low-diversity Paseky Shale fauna group, which dwelt in brackish waters.
Jalamb Assembly constituency
Jalamb is one of the  constituencies of Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha in the Buldhana district during 1957-1962 and 1978-to-2004 State elections. It was established in 1957 as then Bombay State Vidhan Sabha (Assembly) constituency located in Buldhana district. For these 1957 and 1962 elections,  adjoining Shegaon Assembly constituency was dissolved.

It was dissolved for 1967 and 72 elections to Maharashtra, and adjoining Shegaon Assembly constituency was re-established.

Jalamb constituency was re-established for second time for the state election from 1978 and continue to exist till 2004 elections. It has been dissolved for second time from 2009 elections, as Jalgaon (Jamod) Assembly constituency was re-established after 1951 elections.

Buldhana district
Buldhana district (Marathi pronunciation: [bulɖʰaːɳa]) is located in the Amravati division of Maharashtra, India.
It is situated at the western border of Vidarbha region and is 500 km away from the state capital, Mumbai. The district has towns and cities like Deulghat, Dhad, Mehakar, Shegaon, Malkapur, Khamgaon, Lonar and Chikhli. It is surrounded by Madhya Pradesh in the north, Akola, Washim, and Amravati districts on the east, Jalna district on the south, and Jalgaon and Aurangabad districts on the west. Khamgaon is the largest city in the district.

Buldhana district holds religious significance as it is the site of the Shri Gajanan Maharaj Temple, Shegaon. Lonarkar Top (about 923 meters) is highest altitude in Buldhana District placed in Ambabarwa Wildlife Sanctuary.
Chitterpari
Chitterpari (Chitter Pari) (Pothwari / Urdu: چترپڑی) is a rapidly expanding town situated near Mirpur, in the state of Azad Kashmir in Pakistan.  Its population is nearly 30,000.  Chitterpari is located in the northern plains of the Punjab region, about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) west-southwest of Mirpur, 95 kilometres (59 mi) north-northwest of Islamabad, and 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) northeast of Karachi. Its climate is quite hot during the summer, from July to September.  The town lies on the south shores of Mangla Lake, an artificial lake created by the Mangla Dam on the Jhelum River in the 1960s.  This town is divided in muhallas (mini towns) Muhalla Barban, Muhalla Gorsian, Muhalla Munda, Muhalla Nagyal, Muhalla Khambal, Muhalla Mahajar etc.

It has the Markazi Jamia Masjid that can be seen from the top of Mangla Dam. The first medical college of Azad Kashmir known as Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Shaheed Medical College is located in this town.

Mirpur, Azad Kashmir
Mirpur (Potwari: مرپر [mɪɾˈpəɾᵊ]; Urdu: ميرپور [miːɾˈpuːɾ]), officially known as New Mirpur City, is the capital of Mirpur district located in Pakistani-administered Azad Kashmir in the disputed Kashmir region. It is the second largest city of Azad Kashmir and the 74th most populous city in Pakistan.

A significant portion of the population from the district, the Mirpuri diaspora, migrated to the United Kingdom in the mid-to-late 1950s and in the early 1960s. Mirpur is thus sometimes known as "Little England". Many British products are found, and many shops in the city accept the pound sterling.
Uruguay national cricket team
The Uruguay national cricket team represents Uruguay in international cricket matches. They have mainly played against regional rivals Argentina, playing against them 29 times between 1868 and World War II, winning on six occasions.

In 2018, the team finished in second place, behind Mexico, in the annual South American Cricket Championship held in Colombia. In 2023, the team finished in second place in the South American Cricket Championship held in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Mexico national cricket team
The Mexican national cricket team represents Mexico in international cricket. They became an affiliate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) in 2004. Their international debut was in 2006 against Costa Rica. The team made their ICC Americas Championship debut in June 2010 and in 2011 participated in the ICC Americas Division 3 tournament in Costa Rica. Mexico has also participated in the South American Championship in 2014 and 2018, winning the title on both occasions. In 2017, they became an associate member of the ICC.

In April 2018, the ICC decided to grant full Twenty20 International (T20I) status to all its members. Therefore, all Twenty20 matches played between Mexico and other ICC members after 1 January 2019 have the full T20I status.
Tuffley Rovers F.C.
Tuffley Rovers F.C. are a football club based in Tuffley in Gloucester, England.  The club is playing in the Hellenic League Premier Division, the 9th level of the English football league system. The club is affiliated to the Gloucestershire County FA. The club operates four Saturday male adult sides, a Ladies' team and a Veterans' squad, playing Sundays.

The club's reserve team also competes in Hellenic League structure, in Division Two (West), with two sides playing in the Stroud and District League. In addition to the adult set-up, there is a full youth structure, with teams at all ages from U7s to U18s.

Gloucestershire Northern Senior League
The Gloucestershire Northern Senior League is a football competition based in England founded in 1922. The league is affiliated to the Gloucestershire County FA. It has two divisions, Division One and Division Two, with Division One sitting at level 12 of the English football league system. This league is a feeder to the Gloucestershire County League. The Cheltenham League, Stroud and District League and North Gloucestershire League are feeders to the GNSL.

In the 2018–19 season, Sharpness won the Division One title, while Woolaston were top of Division Two.
Alexander Ionov
Alexander Viktorovich Ionov (Russian: Александр Викторович Ионов; born December 12, 1989) is a Russian businessman and political figure living in Moscow. He is the head of the Anti-Globalization Movement of Russia (AGMR), which promotes secession movements in countries other than Russia. In July 2022, the United States Department of the Treasury imposed sanctions on Ionov and on three groups he is said to lead, including the AGMR.

Yes California
Yes California (originally known as Sovereign California) is a defunct California-based political action committee that promoted the independence of the state of California from the United States of America. Founded in August 2015 by Louis J. Marinelli, a right-wing political activist, the campaign adopted its name and logo from Yes Scotland, a group which advocated for independence during the 2014 independence referendum in Scotland.

The group and its founder faced repeated controversy over the latter's ties to Russia. Both were later implicated in the 2022 federal indictment of a Russian man alleged to have provided support to various California secessionist groups on behalf of the Russian government.
Scouting in Wales
Scouting in Wales provides an overview of Scouting activities in Wales. Scout troops have existed in the country since 1908 with the largest number of Scouts and volunteer leaders today linked to the Scout Association of the United Kingdom. This is done through ScoutsCymru, the Welsh Scout Council who split the region further into four regions and a total of 12 Scout Areas. In addition to the Scout Association, there are also traditional Scouting groups belonging to the Baden-Powell Scouts' Association and a number of Scouting clubs within Universities which are affiliated to the Student Scout and Guide Organisation.

Scout Adventures (The Scout Association)
Scout Adventures are a network of activity centres run by The Scout Association. They offer outdoor facilities, adventurous activities and experiences for members of the Scout Association, other youth organisations and school groups. The centres typically have capacity for hundreds of Scouts simultaneously, often including indoor accommodation in addition to camping. Staffed by qualified instructors, they offer adventurous activities and training for adult volunteers and young people following the badges of the Scout programme.
Mahaoya
Mahaoya (Sinhala: මහඔය, lit. 'Great River', Tamil: மகா ஓயா) is a town in the Ampara District, Eastern Province of Sri Lanka. It is located in 64 km (40 mi) north-west of Ampara, at the intersection of the Peradeniya-Badulla-Chenkalady Highway (A5) and the Manampitiya - Aralaganwila - Maduru Oya Road (B502).

Mahaoya has hot springs which are located about 2 km (1.2 mi) away from the town, the springs are considered the hottest springs in Sri Lanka.

Ampara
Ampara (Sinhala: අම්පාර, Tamil: அம்பாறை) is the main town of Ampara District, governed by an Urban Council.

It is located in the Eastern Province, Sri Lanka, about 360 km (224 mi) east of Colombo and approximately 60 km (37 mi) south of Batticaloa.
Texas State Highway Spur 1966
State Highway Spur 1966 (Spur 1966) is a spur route in the U.S. state of Texas, maintained by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). The route, located in El Paso County on the west side of the city of El Paso, links U.S. Highway 85 (US 85) across Interstate 10 (I-10) to the campus of the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP). The spur's numerical designation commemorates the championship won by UTEP, then known as Texas Western College, in the 1966 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament.

U.S. Route 85 in Texas
U.S. Highway 85 or US 85 is a route in the system of United States Numbered Highways maintained by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). The Texas portion of US 85 is located entirely within El Paso County beginning at the U.S.-Mexico border between the city of El Paso and Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua. The approximately 20-mile (32 km) route briefly overlays  US 62 in downtown El Paso, then traverses north along the city's west side before merging with the combined route of Interstate 10 and  US 180. The route then follows I-10 and US 180 through the towns of Vinton and Anthony before crossing the New Mexico state line into the town of Anthony, New Mexico, in Doña Ana County.

US 85 was extended south into Texas in 1946. Prior to the completion of I-10 in El Paso, US 85 followed the former route of  US 80 which is now  SH 20.
Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (car)
Chitty Chitty Bang Bang is the vintage racing car which is featured in the book, musical film and stage production of the same name. Writer Ian Fleming took his inspiration for the car from a series of aero-engined racing cars built by Count Louis Zborowski in the early 1920s, christened Chitty Bang Bang. The original Chitty Bang Bang's engine was from a Zeppelin dirigible. The name reputedly derived either from the sound it made whilst idling, or from a bawdy song from World War I.

Six versions of the car were built for the film and several replicas have subsequently been produced. The version built for the stage production holds the record for the most expensive stage prop ever used.

Chitty Bang Bang
Chitty Bang Bang was the informal name of a number of celebrated British racing cars, built and raced by Count Louis Zborowski and his engineer Clive Gallop in the 1920s, which inspired the book Chitty-Chitty-Bang-Bang.

The cars were built in Canterbury, Kent in the workshop of Bligh Brothers coachbuilders, and stored at Higham Park, Zborowski's country house at Bridge near Canterbury. The cars were so loud that Canterbury reportedly passed a by-law prohibiting them from entering within the city walls. The origin of the name "Chitty Bang Bang" is disputed, but may have been inspired by aeronautical engineer Letitia Chitty, the sound of an idling aeroplane engine or from a salacious World War I song.
Magnetic catalysis
Magnetic catalysis is a physics phenomenon, which is defined as an enhancement of dynamical symmetry breaking by an external magnetic field in quantum field theory, used for the description of quantum (quasi-)particles in particle physics, nuclear physics and condensed matter physics. The underlying phenomenon is a consequence of the strong tendency of a magnetic field to enhance binding of oppositely charged particles into bound states. The catalyzing effect comes from a partial restriction (dimensional reduction) of the motion of charged particles in the directions perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field. 
Commonly, the magnetic catalysis is specifically associated with spontaneous breaking of flavor or chiral symmetry in quantum field theory, which is enhanced or triggered by the presence of an external magnetic field.

Quantum field theory
In theoretical physics, quantum field theory (QFT) is a theoretical framework that combines field theory, special relativity and quantum mechanics.: xi  QFT is used in particle physics to construct physical models of subatomic particles and in condensed matter physics to construct models of quasiparticles. The current standard model of particle physics is based on QFT.

Despite its extraordinary predictive success, QFT faces ongoing challenges in fully incorporating gravity and in establishing a completely rigorous mathematical foundation.
Interior of São Paulo
The interior of São Paulo is an informal term to describe the zone that covers the entire area of the state of São Paulo outside the Metropolitan Region and the coast of São Paulo. The interior stands out for having a very rich cultural set, including several unique accents different from those of the capital and the coast.

This area is densely industrialized and characterized by a large and diversified economy, being one of the richest regions in Latin America. About 1/4 of the interior's GDP is concentrated in the Metropolitan Region of Campinas, which is increasingly consolidating itself as the hub of the Brazilian automotive sector. The interior of São Paulo stands out for having a good infrastructure, becoming a pole of attraction for investments.

Mameluco
Mameluco is a Portuguese  word that denotes the first generation child of a European and an Amerindian. It corresponds to the Spanish word mestizo.

In the 17th and 18th centuries, mameluco was also used to refer to organized bands of explorers from Colonial Brazil known as bandeirantes, who roamed the interior of South America departing from São Paulo  near the Atlantic Ocean to the interior of Brazil and Paraguay, invading Guarani settlements in search of slaves and gold.

The word may have become common in Portugal in the Middle Ages, deriving from the Arabic, "Mamluk", "slave", commonly referring to soldiers and rulers of slave origin, especially in Egypt.
Jerry Moyes
Jerry Moyes is an American businessman who is the founder, former chairman, and former CEO of Phoenix-based Swift Transportation, one of the largest trucking companies in the United States. Moyes also owns charter airline Swift Air and FBO Swift Aviation at Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport. Moyes is the controlling owner of SME Steel Contractors Inc., a steel erector company based in Utah, and Texas-based LTL freight carrier Central Freight Lines. He has invested in several Arizona sports teams, most notably the Arizona Coyotes, which he owned from 2006 until 2009.

Desert Diamond Arena
Desert Diamond Arena (originally Glendale Arena and formerly Jobing.com Arena and Gila River Arena) is an indoor entertainment arena located in Glendale, Arizona, which anchors the 223-acre, $1 billion Westgate Entertainment District.

Located about 12.5 miles (20.1 km) northwest of downtown Phoenix, the arena was built east of Arizona Loop 101 (Agua Fria Freeway) and on the north side of West Maryland Avenue at a cost of $220 million. Owned by the City of Glendale and managed by ASM Global, Desert Diamond Arena is home to the Indoor Football League's Arizona Rattlers (since 2024) and was home to the National Hockey League’s (NHL) Arizona Coyotes from 2003 until 2022. Since then it hosts concerts and other entertainment acts throughout the year. Desert Diamond Arena has a seating capacity of 17,125 for ice hockey, 18,300 for basketball and about 19,000 for concert events. The arena has 3,075 club seats and 87 luxury suites.
Longxi Township, Wenchuan County
Longxi Township is located at Wenchuan County, Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, China.

According to the census conducted in 2000, the entire township had a population of 4903 people. It is located 15 kilometers from Weizhou Township, where the government of Wenchuan County is situated. Longxi Township lies in Longxi Valley, on the left bank of Zagunao River in Wenchuan County (approximately 103°32′ east longitude and 31°33′ north latitude). Farmland distributed on both sides of Longxi Valley.

31°34′00″N 103°32′09″E﻿ / ﻿31.5666°N 103.5359°E﻿ / 31.5666; 103.5359

Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture
Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, also known as Aba (Tibetan: རྔ་བ་བོད་རིགས་དང་ཆང་རིགས་རང་སྐྱོང་ཁུལ།, Wylie: rnga ba bod rigs cha'ang rigs rang skyong khul; Qiang: Rrmeabba Shbea Rrmea Nyujwju Gvexueaj Legea; simplified Chinese: 阿坝藏族羌族自治州; traditional Chinese: 阿壩藏族羌族自治州), is an autonomous prefecture of northwestern Sichuan, bordering Gansu to the north and northeast and Qinghai to the northwest. Its seat is in Barkam, and it has an area of 83,201 km2 (32,124 sq mi). The population was 895,200 by 2022.

The county of Wenchuan in Ngawa is the site of the epicenter of the 2008 Sichuan earthquake, in which over 20,000 of its residents died and 40,000 were injured.
Camp George G. Meade
Camp George G. Meade was one of the Gettysburg Battlefield camps after the American Civil War for Pennsylvania National Guard training of the Keystone Division (cf. Camp Gettysburg).  The military installation's structures on the Gettysburg Battlefield were subsequently used in the battlefield's commemorative and development eras, e.g., for a WWI recruiting and Tank Corps camp, the 1913 Gettysburg reunion, and the Third Corps camp during the 1938 Gettysburg reunion.

Pennsylvania National Guard
The Pennsylvania National Guard is one of the oldest and largest National Guards in the United States Department of Defense. It traces its roots to 1747 when Benjamin Franklin established the Associators in Philadelphia.

With more than 18,000 personnel, the Pennsylvania National Guard is the second-largest of all of the state National Guards. It has the second-largest Army National Guard and the fourth-largest Air National Guard. These forces are respective components of the United States Army and Air Force.

The Pennsylvania National Guard is also part of the Pennsylvania Department of Military and Veterans Affairs, which is headed by Pennsylvania Adjutant General Brigadier General John Pippy. It is headquartered at Fort Indiantown Gap in Lebanon County, Pennsylvania and has facilities in more than eighty locations across the state.
Associazione di Fondazioni e di Casse di Risparmio S.p.A.
Associazione di Fondazioni e di Casse di Risparmio Spa (Association of Foundations and Savings Banks JSCs) is an Italian banking association. The members were the savings banks (Italian: casse di risparmio or singular cassa di risparmio) of Italy, or the foundation that originate from the reform trigger by Legge Amato.

Cassa di Risparmio di Loreto
Cassa di Risparmio di Loreto S.p.A. also known as Carilo was an Italian savings bank based in Loreto, in the Province of Ancona. It was one of the 7 saving banks in Marche region in 1990s. 3 out of 7 saving banks were predecessors of Banca delle Marche banking group, which acquired Carilo in 1997; In January 2017 [New] Banca delle Marche banking group was acquired by UBI Banca, after [old] Banca Marche was nationalized in November 2015.