hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2018 Magnitogorsk building collapse
On 31 December 2018, at approximately 6:02 a.m. local time, an apartment block in Magnitogorsk, Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia, partially collapsed. The collapse killed 39 people and injured 17 more. The cause of the collapse is believed to have been a gas explosion.

Gas explosion
A gas explosion is the ignition of a mixture of air and flammable gas, typically from a gas leak. In household accidents, the principal explosive gases are those used for heating or cooking purposes such as natural gas, methane, propane, butane. In industrial explosions, many other gases, like hydrogen, as well as evaporated (gaseous) gasoline or ethanol play an important role. Industrial gas explosions can be prevented with the use of intrinsic safety barriers to prevent ignition, or use of alternative energy.
Snake River fine-spotted cutthroat trout
The Snake River fine-spotted cutthroat trout is a form of the Yellowstone subspecies of the Rocky Mountain cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus virginalis). Based on genetic evidence, rather than morphology, it is now considered a variety of the Yellowstone cutthroat trout (O. v. bouvieri). The fish takes its common name from its original habitat, the Snake River of southern Idaho and western Wyoming, and from its unusual pattern of hundreds of small spots that cover most of its body, differing from the larger-spotted Yellowstone cutthroat pattern. Genetically, it cannot be distinguished from the Yellowstone cutthroat trout, and before the construction of dams,  no physical barriers were between the ranges of the two subspecies in the Snake River drainage.

The subspecies was scientifically named in 1995 in a popular book by columnist M. R. Montgomery, to honor the fisheries research of Dr. Robert J. Behnke, who had presented its (unnamed) description in 1992.

Rocky Mountain cutthroat trout
The Rocky Mountain cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus virginalis), formerly lumped in with the cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii) as one species with multiple subspecies, is a fish species of the family Salmonidae native to cold-water tributaries of the northern and southern Rocky Mountains, as well as into portions of the Great Basin in North America. As a member of the genus Oncorhynchus, it is a part of the Pacific trout group, which includes the widely distributed rainbow trout. Cutthroat trout are popular gamefish, especially among anglers who enjoy fly fishing. The common name "cutthroat" refers to the distinctive red coloration on the underside of the lower jaw.
Human–computer chess matches
This article documents the progress of significant human–computer chess matches.

Chess computers were first able to beat strong chess players in the late 1980s. Their most famous success was the victory of Deep Blue over then World Chess Champion Garry Kasparov in 1997, but there was some controversy over whether the match conditions favored the computer.

In 2002–2003, three human–computer matches were drawn, but, whereas Deep Blue was a specialized machine, these were chess programs running on commercially available computers.

Chess programs running on commercially available desktop computers won decisive victories against human players in matches in 2005 and 2006. The second of these, against then world champion Vladimir Kramnik, is the last major human–computer match.

Since that time, chess programs running on commercial hardware—more recently including mobile phones—have been able to defeat even the strongest human players.

Deep Blue (chess computer)
Deep Blue was a customized IBM RS/6000 SP supercomputer for chess-playing designed by computer scientist Feng-hsiung Hsu. It was the first computer to win a game, and the first to win a match, against a reigning world champion under regular time controls. Development began in 1985 at Carnegie Mellon University under the name ChipTest. It then moved to IBM, where it was first renamed Deep Thought, then again in 1989 to Deep Blue. In 1996, it was used to compete against world champion Garry Kasparov in a six-game match, where it won one, drew two, and lost three games. In 1997, it underwent an upgrade, and in a six-game rematch it defeated Kasparov by winning two games and drawing three. Deep Blue's victory is considered a milestone in the history of artificial intelligence and has been the subject of several books and films.
Have a Nice Day Tour
The Have a Nice Day Tour was a worldwide concert tour by American rock band Bon Jovi.  It took place between November 2005 and July 2006. The tour supported their ninth studio album Have a Nice Day.

The tour was a significant commercial success – the group played to about 2 million fans and the tour grossed a total of $132 million. It was the third-highest-grossing tour of 2006, just behind the Rolling Stones' A Bigger Bang World Tour and Madonna's Confessions Tour.

A Bigger Bang Tour
A Bigger Bang was a worldwide concert tour by the Rolling Stones which took place between August 2005 and August 2007, in support of their album A Bigger Bang. At the time, it was the highest-grossing tour of all time, earning $558,255,524, before being surpassed by U2's 2009–11 U2 360 Tour, and eventually Taylor Swift's 2023–24 Eras Tour. The tour was chronicled on the video release The Biggest Bang, compiling full performances, several recordings from shows and documentaries. Notable concerts on the tour included a two-night stand in the autumn of 2006 at the Beacon Theatre filmed by Martin Scorsese for Shine a Light, and their half-time performance at Super Bowl XL.
2025 New Zealand measles outbreak
Between September and November 2025, New Zealand/Aotearoa experienced several cases of measles in Northland, Auckland, Wellington, Taranaki, Nelson–Marlborough, the Tasman District, and Manawatū–Whanganui. Notable locations of interest have included Wellington College, Wellington Girls' College and a Bluebridge ferry that travelled between Picton and Wellington on 3 October 2025. In early November 2025, Health New Zealand national director Dr Nick Chamberlain described the 2025 outbreak as the worst in the past two years. By 15 November, a total of 19 cases had been reported nationally. On 4 February 2026, Health New Zealand declared that the measles outbreak had ended, after 42 days had passed since the last confirmed case on 21 December 2025. There were 48 known cases during the outbreak.

Wellington College, New Zealand
Wellington College, is a state-run boys secondary school in Wellington, New Zealand. It is situated on 12 hectares of green belt land in the suburb of Mount Victoria, in the vicinity of the Basin Reserve and Government House. The school was founded in 1867 through a deed of endowment from Sir George Grey, the then Governor of New Zealand.

Wellington College is one of the oldest boys' secondary schools in New Zealand. The history and influence of Wellington College have made it notable in the history of New Zealand, with prominent alumni such as Arthur Coningham, Bernard Freyberg and William Pickering. The school is known nationally for both its academic success, as well as a large number of sporting activities.

The school has an enrolment of about 1750 boys. Glen Denham is the current Headmaster.
2020 F4 Chinese Championship
The 2020 F4 Chinese Championship (Shell Helix FIA F4 Chinese Championship) was the sixth season of the F4 Chinese Championship. It began on 19 September at the Zhuhai International Circuit and ended on 22 November at Guia Circuit as a part of the 2020 Macau Grand Prix.

Guia Circuit
The Guia Circuit, or Circuito da Guia, is a 6.120 km (3.803 mi) street circuit located at the southeast region of the Macau Peninsula in Macau. It is the venue of the Macau Grand Prix, Macau Motorcycle Grand Prix and the Macau Guia Race. The circuit consists of long straights and tight corners, and features the characteristics of a typical street circuit - narrow, bumpy and limited overtaking opportunities. However, there are two special features that can rarely be found in other street circuits - variation in altitude (over 30 m (100 ft) between highest and lowest point of the circuit) and an ultra long main straight that allows top speed of 260 km/h (160 mph) on Formula Three cars. As a result, the circuit is recognised as one of the most challenging circuits in the world in terms of both driving and tuning, as cars have to maintain competitive speed to overcome hill-climbing, twisty corners and long straights in a single lap.
Rayleigh–Plesset equation
In fluid mechanics, the Rayleigh–Plesset equation or Besant–Rayleigh–Plesset equation is a nonlinear ordinary differential equation which governs the dynamics of a spherical bubble in an infinite body of incompressible fluid.  Its general form is usually written as

where

is the density of the surrounding liquid, assumed to be constant

is the radius of the bubble

is the kinematic viscosity of the surrounding liquid, assumed to be constant

is the surface tension of the bubble-liquid interface

, in which,  is the pressure within the bubble, assumed to be uniform and  is the external pressure infinitely far from the bubble

Provided that  is known and  is given, the Rayleigh–Plesset equation can be used to solve for the time-varying bubble radius .

The Rayleigh–Plesset equation can be derived from the Navier–Stokes equations under the assumption of spherical symmetry. It can also be derived using an energy balance.

Separation of variables
In mathematics, separation of variables (also known as the Fourier method) is any of several methods for solving ordinary and partial differential equations, in which algebra allows one to rewrite an equation so that each of two variables occurs on a different side of the equation.
Held by the Law
Held by the Law is a 1927 American silent crime film directed by Edward Laemmle and written by Charles Logue. The film stars Ralph Lewis, Johnnie Walker, Marguerite De La Motte, Robert Ober, Fred Kelsey, and Maude Wayne. The film was released on April 10, 1927, by Universal Pictures.

Johnnie Walker (actor)
Johnnie Walker (January 7, 1894 – December 5, 1949), sometimes credited as Johnny Walker, was an American actor and producer popular from the silent era to the late 1930s. He appeared in a variety of short and feature films, including the highly successful features Captain Fly-by-Night, Over the Hill to the Poorhouse, Broken Hearts of Broadway and Old Ironsides. He began his film career in 1915.
Jack the Dog
Jack the Dog is a 2001 American comedy-drama film, written and directed by Bobby Roth and starring Néstor Carbonell, Barbara Williams, Barry Newman, and Anthony LaPaglia. The film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 22, 2001, and was released on DVD in the United States by Rivercoast Films on August 12, 2008. A sequel, Manhood, was released in 2003.

Néstor Carbonell
Néstor Gastón Carbonell (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈnestoɾ ɣasˈtoŋ kaɾβoˈneʎ]; born December 1, 1967) is an American actor, director, and screenwriter. He came to prominence for his role as Luis Rivera in the NBC sitcom Suddenly Susan. He is known for his roles as Richard Alpert in the ABC drama series Lost, Sheriff Alex Romero in the A&E drama series Bates Motel, and Yanko Flores in the Apple TV+ drama series The Morning Show. Carbonell also starred as Mayor Anthony Garcia in Christopher Nolan's superhero films The Dark Knight (2008) and The Dark Knight Rises (2012). He won the 2024 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series for his role in the FX series Shōgun.
Anaïs Gallagher
Anaïs Gallagher (/əˈneɪ.ɪs/; born 27 January 2000) is a British model, photographer, presenter and social media personality. The daughter of Oasis musician Noel Gallagher and columnist Meg Mathews, she modelled for Accessorize, Reebok, H&M and Dolce & Gabbana, and presented Friday Download. She also filmed the music video for Inhaler's "My Honest Face" and has written for Teen Vogue and Tatler.

Dolce & Gabbana
Dolce & Gabbana (Italian pronunciation: [ˈdoltʃe e ɡɡabˈbaːna]), also known by initials D&G, is an Italian fashion house founded in 1985 in Legnano by Italian designers Domenico Dolce and Stefano Gabbana. The house specializes in ready-to-wear, handbags, accessories, cosmetics, and fragrances and licenses its name and branding to Luxottica for eyewear.
Satish K. Gupta
Satish Kumar Gupta (born 20 April 1953) is an Indian immunologist and an Emeritus Scientist at the National Institute of Immunology. Known for his research in reproductive immunology, Gupta is an elected fellow of all the three Indian science academies viz. Indian Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Sciences, India and Indian National Science Academy He is also a J. C. Bose Fellow of the Department of Biotechnology and an elected fellow of the National Academy of Medical Sciences. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, one of the highest Indian science awards for his contributions to Medical Sciences in 1997.

Indian National Science Academy
The Indian National Science Academy (INSA) is a national academy in New Delhi for Indian scientists in all branches of science and technology.

In 2015 INSA has constituted a junior wing for young scientists in the country named Indian National Young Academy of Sciences (INYAS) in line with other national young academies. INYAS is the academy for young scientists in India as a national young academy and is affiliated with Global Young Academy. INYAS is also a signatory of the declaration on the Core Values of Young Academies, adopted at World Science Forum, Budapest on 20 November 2019. Prof.Shekhar C. Mande is the serving president (2026-present).
1543 in science
The year 1543 in science and technology includes the 1543 Nicolaus Copernicus publication De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres) often cited as the beginning of the Scientific Revolution, and also includes many other events, some of which are listed here.

Scientific Revolution
The Scientific Revolution of the 16th and 17th centuries in Europe was an irreversible break with the natural philosophy that had preceded it, fundamentally changing how the natural world was investigated and understood. The New Science that emerged departed from previous Greek conceptions and traditions, was more mechanistic in its worldview and more integrated with mathematics, and was focused on the acquisition and interpretation of new evidence.

The Scientific Revolution is a convenient boundary between ancient thought and modern science. While the period is frequently said to have begun in 1543 with the printings of De humani corporis fabrica (On the Workings of the Human Body) by Andreas Vesalius and De Revolutionibus (On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres) by Nicolaus Copernicus, the SN 1572 supernova has also been suggested as its beginning. The period culminated with the publication of the Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica in 1687 by Isaac Newton.
CAR-301,060
CAR-301,060 (also known as cis-2-Methyl-3-quinuclidinylphenylcyclopentylglycolate or just by its code number 301060) is a potent and long lasting anticholinergic deliriant drug, related to the chemical warfare agent 3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB). It was developed under contract to Edgewood Arsenal, Fort Detrick,Maryland  during the 1960s as part of the US military chemical weapons program, during research to improve upon the properties of earlier agents such as QNB.

CAR-301,060 was found to be slightly less potent than QNB, and with around the same duration of action, but with a very high central to peripheral effects ratio.

3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate
3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) (IUPAC name 1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl hydroxy(diphenyl)acetate; US Army code EA-2277; NATO code BZ; Soviet code Substance 78) is an odorless and bitter-tasting military-grade incapacitating agent. It impairs muscle movement and causes delirium and hallucinations to the point of helplessness.

BZ was first synthesized by the Swiss pharmaceutical company Hoffman-LaRoche in 1951, which unsuccessfully tried to develop it into a treatment for gastrointestinal disease. Within a few years, the United States Army took it up as part of its chemical weapons program. Allegations have been made that the U.S. army used it in the Vietnam War. The army denies this; in 1969 it officially banned the compound due to its "wide range of variability of effects, long onset time, and inefficiency of existing munitions." There have also been numerous, unproven allegations of its use in Syria, Bosnia and Russia.
The Land Before Time XIV: Journey of the Brave
The Land Before Time XIV: Journey of the Brave is a 2016 American direct-to-video animated feature film and the fourteenth installment in The Land Before Time franchise. Its nearly 9-year gap from 2007's The Wisdom of Friends marked the longest between two films in the series. The film was directed by Davis Doi and written by Cliff Ruby and Elana Lesser. It was made available on DVD and Digital HD on February 2, 2016, with the DVD version exclusive to Walmart stores in North America until May 10, when it became available in other stores. The film features the voices of Reba McEntire, who performs the song "Look for the Light", and Damon Wayans Jr.

Damon Wayans Jr.
Damon Kyle Wayans Jr. (/ˈweɪ.ənz/ WAY-ənz; born November 18, 1982) is an American actor and comedian. He starred as Brad Williams in the ABC sitcom Happy Endings, for which he was nominated for the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series in 2012, and as Coach in the Fox sitcom New Girl. In 2014, he starred in the comedy film Let's Be Cops, and provided the voice of Wasabi in Big Hero 6.

He is the oldest son of actor and comedian Damon Wayans, and nephew of Keenen Ivory Wayans, Shawn Wayans, Kim Wayans, and Marlon Wayans.
Galilee Basin
The Galilee Basin is a large inland geological basin in the western Queensland region of Australia. The Galilee Basin is part of a larger Carboniferous to Mid-Triassic basin system that contains the Cooper Basin, situated towards the south-west of the Galilee Basin, and the Bowen Basin to the east. The Galilee Basin covers a total area of approximately 247,000 square kilometres (95,000 sq mi). The basin is underlain by the Carboniferous Drummond Basin and overlain by the Cretaceous – Jurassic Eromanga Basin. The Triassic and younger sediments of the Galilee Basin form the basal sequence of the Great Artesian Basin drainage basin.

Great Artesian Basin
The Great Artesian Basin (GAB) of Australia is the largest and deepest artesian basin in the world, extending over 1,700,000 square kilometres (660,000 sq mi). Measured water temperatures range from 30 to 100 °C (86 to 212 °F). The basin provides the only source of fresh water through much of inland Australia.

The basin underlies 22% of the Australian continent, including most of Queensland, the south-east corner of the Northern Territory, north-eastern South Australia, and northern New South Wales. It is 3000 metres (9800 feet) deep in places and is estimated to contain 64,900 cubic kilometres (15,600 cubic miles) of groundwater. The Great Artesian Basin Coordinating Committee (GABCC) coordinates activity between federal, state/territory, and local levels of government and community organisations.
Precision (song)
"Precision" is a song by American rapper Big Sean. It was first previewed in August 2023 through a trailer for the video game NBA 2K24 (2023), before being released on March 22, 2024, as the lead single from his sixth studio album Better Me Than You. The song contains a sample of "Poppin' My Collar" by Three 6 Mafia and was produced by FnZ, Teddy Walton, Aaron Bow, Tom Kahre and Zacari.

Poppin' My Collar
"Poppin' My Collar" is the second single from Most Known Unknown, an album by hip hop group Three 6 Mafia. The song peaked at #21 on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming their second Top 40 hit. The track achieved RIAA platinum certification status on September 6, 2006.

The song featured vocals on the chorus from Alabama rapper The Last Mr. Bigg and contains a sample of "Theme of the Mack" by Willie Hutch.

The version in its music video is the remix featuring Project Pat. Kanye West makes a cameo appearance in the music video for the remix.
Stephen Kinnock
Stephen Nathan Kinnock (born 1 January 1970) is a British politician serving as Member of Parliament (MP) for Aberafan Maesteg, formerly Aberavon, since 2015. A member of the Labour Party, he has served as Minister of State for Care since 2024. He also was Spouse of the Prime Minister of Denmark from 2011 to 2015.

Aberavon (UK Parliament constituency)
Aberavon (Welsh: Aberafan) was a constituency in Wales in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It was represented from 1922 until 2024 by the Welsh Labour Party. It included the town of Aberavon, although the largest town in the constituency was Port Talbot.

The constituency was abolished as part of the 2023 periodic review of Westminster constituencies and under the June 2023 final recommendations of the Boundary Commission for Wales for the 2024 general election. Its area was split between Aberafan Maesteg and Neath and Swansea East.
Conor Murphy
Conor Terence Murphy (born 10 July 1963) is an Irish Sinn Féin politician, who has served as a senator for the Industrial and Commercial Panel since January 2025. He previously served as Minister for the Economy of Northern Ireland from 2024 to 2025. He served as a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Newry and Armagh from 2015 until 2025, having previously served as the Member of Parliament for Newry and Armagh from 2005 to 2015, observing the Sinn Fein policy of abstentionism.

Newry and Armagh (Assembly constituency)
54°12′40″N 6°29′56″W﻿ / ﻿54.211°N 6.499°W﻿ / 54.211; -6.499

Newry and Armagh is a constituency in the Northern Ireland Assembly.

The seat was first used for a Northern Ireland-only election for the Northern Ireland Forum in 1996. Since 1998, it has elected members to the current Assembly.

For Assembly elections prior to 1996, the constituency was part of the Armagh and South Down constituencies. Since 1997, it has shared boundaries with the Newry and Armagh UK Parliament constituency.

For further details of the history and boundaries of the constituency, see Newry and Armagh (UK Parliament constituency).