hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
CMS EXEC
CMS EXEC, or EXEC, is an interpreted, command procedure control, computer scripting language used by the CMS EXEC Processor supplied with the IBM Virtual Machine/Conversational Monitor System (VM/CMS) operating system.

Stuart Madnick wrote EXEC for Cambridge Monitor System (CMS) under CP-67 in 1966 at MIT on the model of CTSS RUNCOM.  He originally called this processor COMMAND, and it was later renamed EXEC.

CMS EXEC has been superseded by EXEC 2 and REXX. All three — CMS EXEC, EXEC 2 and REXX — continue to be supported by the IBM CMS product.

VM (operating system)
VM, often written VM/CMS, is a family of virtual machine operating systems used on IBM mainframes including the System/370, System/390, IBM Z and compatible systems. It replaced the older CP-67 that formed the basis of the CP/CMS operating system. It was first released as the free Virtual Machine Facility/370 for the S/370 in 1972, followed by chargeable upgrades and versions that added support for new hardware.

VM creates virtual machines into which a conventional operating system may be loaded to allow user programs to run. Originally, that operating system was CMS, a simple single-user system similar to DOS. VM can also be used with a number of other IBM operating systems, including large systems like MVS or VSE, which are often run on their own without VM. In other cases, VM is used with a more specialized operating system or even programs that provided many OS features. These include RSCS and MUMPS, among others.
2022 Vermont Secretary of State election
The 2022 Vermont Secretary of State election was held on November 8, 2022, to elect the Secretary of State of Vermont. Incumbent Democratic secretary Jim Condos declined to seek re-election to a seventh term in office.

Primary elections were held on August 9, 2022. Democratic state representative Sarah Copeland Hanzas narrowly won the Democratic primary against Deputy Secretary of State Chris Winters, and H. Brooke Paige won the Republican primary only facing token write-in opposition. Hanzas comfortably won the general election.

Secretary of State of Vermont
The secretary of state of Vermont is one of five cabinet-level constitutional officers in the U.S. state of Vermont which are elected every two years. The secretary of state is fourth (behind the lieutenant governor, speaker of the House of Representatives, president pro tempore of the Senate, respectively) in the line of succession to the office of Governor of Vermont.  The Office of the Secretary of State is located at 128 State St. in Montpelier. Since 2023, the secretary of state has been Sarah Copeland-Hanzas, a Democrat.
2011–12 First League of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The 2011–12 First League of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina was the twelfth season of the First League of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the second tier football league of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The 2011–12 fixtures were announced on 13 July 2011. It began on 13 August 2011 and ended on 9 June 2012; a winter break where no matches were played was in effect between 19 November 2011 and 10 March 2012. GOŠK were the last champions, having won their first championship title in the 2010–11 season and earning a promotion to Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina while in this season Gradina won their first championship title of the First League of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

16 clubs participated in this session, eleven returning from the previous session, one relegated from Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina and four promoted from four regional Second League of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

2011–12 Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The 2011–12 Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina was the twelfth season of the Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the highest football league of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The 2011–12 fixtures were announced on 5 July 2011. The season began on 6 August 2011 and ended on 23 May 2012. A winter break with no matches was scheduled between 28 November and 3 March, but was extended for a week due to heavy snowfalls. Borac lost their title from the previous season to Željezničar, which secured the first position after round 27, with 3 matches left to play.

Sixteen clubs participated in the season, including fourteen returning from the 2010–11 season and one promoted club from each second-level league.
Royal Gwent Hospital
The Royal Gwent Hospital (Welsh: Ysbyty Brenhinol Gwent) is a local general hospital in the city of Newport. It is managed by the Aneurin Bevan University Health Board.
Since 2020, the hospital no longer has a full Emergency Department, and redirects those with a serious illness or injury to call 999 or go to attend the Grange University Hospital in Cwmbran.
The Royal Gwent hospital has a 24-hour Minor Injuries Unit.

Grange University Hospital
Grange University Hospital (Welsh: Ysbyty Athrofaol y Faenor) is a Specialist Critical Care Centre at the site of Llanfrechfa Grange Hospital on the eastern side of Cwmbran.  It is managed by Aneurin Bevan University Health Board.
Oberlin, Ohio
Oberlin (/ˈoʊbərlɪn/) is a city in Lorain County, Ohio, United States. It is located about 31 miles (50 km) southwest of Cleveland within the Cleveland metropolitan area. The population was 8,555 at the 2020 census. Oberlin is the home of Oberlin College, a liberal arts college and music conservatory with approximately 3,000 students.

The town is the birthplace of the Anti-Saloon League and the Hall–Héroult process, the process of reducing aluminum from its fluoride salts by electrolysis, which made industrial production of aluminum possible.

Elyria, Ohio
Elyria (/əˈlɪəriə/ ə-LEER-ee-ə) is a city in Lorain County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. The city is at the forks of the Black River in Northeast Ohio. The population was 52,656 at the 2020 census. Located 23 miles (37 km) southwest of Cleveland, it is part of the Cleveland metropolitan area and home to Lorain County Community College.
Sukhpal Singh Bhullar
Sukhpal Singh Bhullar (24 June 1978) is an Indian politician and a member of Indian National Congress. In 2017, he was elected as the member of the Punjab Legislative Assembly from Khemkaran South Assembly constituency.

Punjab Legislative Assembly
The Punjab Legislative Assembly or the Punjab Vidhan Sabha is the unicameral legislature of the state of Punjab in India. The Sixteenth Punjab Legislative Assembly was constituted in March 2022. At present, it consists of 117 members, directly elected from 117 single-seat constituencies.  The tenure of the Legislative Assembly is five years unless dissolved sooner. The Speaker of the sixteenth assembly is Kultar Singh Sandhwan. The meeting place of the Legislative Assembly since 6 March 1961 is the Vidhan Bhavan in Chandigarh.
Ohio State Route 49
State Route 49 (SR 49) is a state highway in the western part of the U.S. state of Ohio.  It begins in Drexel, an area within the city of Trotwood, at US 35 and runs northwesterly to Greenville, and then runs roughly along near the western edge of the state near the Indiana state line to the Michigan state line where it meets with Michigan's M-49.

Trotwood, Ohio
Trotwood is a city in Montgomery County, Ohio, United States. The population was 23,070 at the 2020 census. A suburb of Dayton, it is part of the Dayton metropolitan area. The city is served by the Trotwood-Madison City School District.
Heteroplacidium
Heteroplacidium is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Verrucariaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Austrian lichenologist Othmar Breuss in 1996 with Heteroplacidium imbricatum assigned as the type species. It was proposed as a segregate of Catapyrenium. Other morphologically similar genera are Neocatapyrenium, Placidium, and Scleropyrenium, although molecular phylogenetic analyses indicate that they are independent monophyletic lineages within the Verrucariaceae.

Most Heteroplacidium species are autonomous lichens, generally crustose and areolate. Four species in the genus are obligate parasites or facultatively lichenicolous – H. compactum, H. fusculum, H. transmutans, and H. zamenhofianum.

Placidium
Placidium is a genus of crustose to squamulose to almost foliose lichens.  The genus is in the family Verrucariaceae. Most members grow on soil (are terricolous), but some grow on rock (saxicolous). The fruiting bodies are perithecia, flask-like structures immersed in the lichen body (thallus) with only the top opening visible, dotting the thallus. Lichen spot tests are all negative. Members of the genus lack rhizines, but otherwise resemble members of the genus Clavascidium.

Members of the genus are commonly called stiplescale lichens or earthscale.: 327
Shōnen Sekai
Shōnen Sekai (少年世界, "The Youth's World") is one of the first Japanese shōnen magazines. It was published by Hakubunkan from 1895 to 1914 and specializing in children's literature. Shōnen Sekai was created as a part of many magazine created by Hakubunkan that would connect with many different parts of society in Japan. Sazanami Iwaya created the Shōnen Sekai magazine after he wrote Koganemaru a modern piece of children's literature. After Japan had a war with Russia, a female adaptation of Shōnen Sekai was created named Shōjo Sekai. Also some children's books were translated to Japanese and published in Shōnen Sekai. The magazine had many features too, such as sugoroku boards and baseball cards. Shōnen Sekai was mentioned in many American books but no series were actually translated.

Sugoroku
Sugoroku (雙六 or 双六) (literally 'double six') refers to two different forms of a Japanese board game: e-sugoroku (絵双六, 'picture-sugoroku') which is similar to Western snakes and ladders, and ban-sugoroku (盤双六, 'board-sugoroku') which is similar to western tables games like backgammon. With ban-sugoroku being obsolete, today the word sugoroku almost always means e-sugoroku.
2013 Men's Hockey Asia Cup
The 2013 Men's Hockey Asia Cup was the ninth edition of the Men's Hockey Asia Cup, the quadrennial international men's field hockey championship of Asia organized by the Asian Hockey Federation. It was held from 24 August to 1 September 2013 in Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia. The winner of this tournament qualified for the 2014 World Cup in The Hague, Netherlands.

The defending champions South Korea defeated India 4–3 in the final to win their fourth title. Pakistan won the bronze medal by defeating the hosts Malaysia 3–1.

2009 Men's Hockey Asia Cup
The 2009 Men's Hockey Asia Cup was the eighth edition of the Men's Hockey Asia Cup, the quadrennial international men's field hockey championship of Asia organized by the Asian Hockey Federation. It was held from May 9 to May 16, 2009 in Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.

The tournament was originally awarded to Dubai, United Arab Emirates by the Asian Hockey Federation (AHF) in a 2008 meeting. However, it was swapped to Malaysia due to the hockey facility in Dubai Sports City not being completed on time. The tournament was sponsored by AirAsia with MYR 500,000. South Korea won their third title and qualified for the 2010 World Cup in New Delhi, India, after defeating Pakistan 1–0 in the final.
Slightly Stoopid
Slightly Stoopid is an American rock band based in the Ocean Beach neighborhood of San Diego, California, who describe their music as "a fusion of folk, rock, reggae and blues with hip-hop, funk, metal and punk." As a band, they have released 13 albums (four live). The band was originally signed by Bradley Nowell from the band Sublime to his label Skunk Records while still in high school.

Bradley Nowell
Bradley James Nowell (February 22, 1968 – May 25, 1996) was an American musician and the lead singer of the band Sublime.

Born and raised in Belmont Shore, Long Beach, California, Nowell developed an interest in music at a young age. Nowell formed Sublime with bassist Eric Wilson and drummer Bud Gaugh, whom he had met while attending California State University, Long Beach. During his lifetime, Sublime released the albums 40oz. to Freedom and Robbin' the Hood to critical and commercial success. In 1996, Nowell died of a heroin overdose in a San Francisco hotel while Sublime was on tour.
The Very Best of Ugly Kid Joe: As Ugly as It Gets
As Ugly as It Gets: The Very Best of Ugly Kid Joe is a 1998 compilation album by American rock band Ugly Kid Joe. It includes select songs from the band's first two releases as well as a cover of the Black Sabbath song "N.I.B." (previously included on the tribute album Nativity in Black). Although this compilation was released after Motel California, it contains none of the singles from that album as Ugly Kid Joe had switched record labels by that time.

N.I.B.
"N.I.B." is a song released by English heavy metal band Black Sabbath. It first appeared as the fourth track on the band's self-titled debut album. The lyrics are in the first person from the point of view of Lucifer. Bassist Geezer Butler, who composed the song's lyrics, has said that "the song was about the devil falling in love and totally changing, becoming a good person."
Perron's formula
In mathematics, and more particularly in analytic number theory, Perron's formula is a formula discovered by Oskar Perron to calculate the sum of an arithmetic function, by means of an inverse Mellin transform.

Arithmetic function
In number theory, an arithmetic, arithmetical, or number-theoretic function is generally any function whose domain is the set of positive integers and whose range is a subset of the complex numbers. Hardy & Wright include in their definition the requirement that an arithmetical function "expresses some arithmetical property of n". There is a larger class of number-theoretic functions that do not fit this definition, for example, the prime-counting functions. This article provides links to functions of both classes.

An example of an arithmetic function is the divisor function whose value at a positive integer n is equal to the number of divisors of n.

Arithmetic functions are often extremely irregular (see table), but some of them have series expansions in terms of Ramanujan's sum.
Boddinstraße (Berlin U-Bahn)
Boddinstraße  is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on the U8. It is located below Hermannstrasse at the intersection of Boddinstrasse in the Neukölln district. The station, opened in 1927, is one of the oldest on the line and is operated by the Berlin Transport Company (BVG) under the abbreviation Bo. The station's name comes from Hermann Boddin, mayor of the community from 1874 to 1907 and later the mayor of Rixdorf, today's district of Neukölln.

Berlin Hermannstraße station
Berlin Hermannstraße is a railway station in the Neukölln district of Berlin. It is served by the S-Bahn lines S41, S42, S45, S46 and S47 and the U-Bahn line U8, of which it is the southern terminus. It was formerly also possible to transfer there to the Neukölln-Mittenwalde railway line, which is now only used for goods traffic.
Derbent Jamaat
Derbent Jamaat (Russian: Дербентский джамаат), also known as the Forest Brothers (Russian: Лесные братья, Azerbaijani: Meşə qardaşları), and the Southern Group (Russian: Группировка «Южная»), was an Islamist Jihadist group based in the Russian republic of Dagestan, part of the Shariat Jamaat of the Caucasus Emirate. The group had engaged in attacks on law enforcement officers, organized terrorist attacks, distributed Wahhabi literature, and undertook propaganda and agitation activities in Dagestan and the neighboring country of Azerbaijan.

The group was created and headed by Rappani Khalilov until his death in September 2007. He was succeeded by emir Abdul Madzhid. Participant of the Chechen Wars, Madzhid was killed in September 2008 and was replaced by Israpil Velijanov. After the death of Velijanov in April 2011, the Derbent Jamaat became disoriented, though it remained active until its remaining members were killed in November 2016.

Abdul Madzhid (Dagestan rebel)
Ilgar Mollachiev (1974 – 7 September 2008), better known as Emir Abdul Madzhid (Majid), was the militant leader of the Shariat Jamaat of the Caucasian Front in the Second Chechen War, in the volatile southern Russian republic of Dagestan. He was the deputy of Rappani Khalilov until Khalilov's death in September 2007. He was then appointed the new leader of the Shariat Jamaat by the orders of Dokka Umarov. His nationality was Tsakhur.
101st Motorized Division "Trieste"
101st Motorized Division "Trieste" (Italian: 101ª Divisione motorizzata "Trieste") was a motorized infantry division of the Royal Italian Army during World War II. The Trieste was formed in 1939 and named for the city of Trieste. The division and its infantry and artillery regiments were based in Piacenza, while the 9th Bersaglieri Regiment was based until 1940 in Treviso and then moved to Cremona to be closer to the division. In September 1941 the Trieste was transferred to Libya for the Western Desert Campaign. The division was decimated in the Second Battle of El Alamein, but was rebuilt with the survivors of destroyed divisions. The Trieste then participated in the Tunisian Campaign until Axis forces in Tunisia surrendered to allied forces on 13 May 1943.

Tunisian campaign
The Tunisian campaign (also known as the Battle of Tunisia) was a series of battles that took place in Tunisia during the North African campaign of the Second World War, between Axis and Allied forces from 17 November 1942 to 13 May 1943. The Allies consisted of British Imperial Forces, including a Greek contingent, with American and French corps. Despite initial successes by the German and Italian forces brought from the mainland and which had withdrawn into and occupied Tunisia after their defeat in the Western Desert and the success of Operation Torch, massive supply interdiction efforts and Allied assaults from east and west led to the decisive defeat of the Axis. Over 260,000 German and Italian troops were taken as prisoners of war, including most of the Afrika Korps.
The Mirror and the Light (play)
The Mirror and the Light is a play by Hilary Mantel and Ben Miles based on Mantel's 2020 book of the same name. It is the third part to Wolf Hall Parts One & Two which is a double-bill play based on Mantel's novels Wolf Hall and Bring Up the Bodies.

Bring Up the Bodies
Bring Up the Bodies is a historical novel by Hilary Mantel, sequel to the award-winning Wolf Hall (2009), and part of a trilogy charting the rise and fall of Thomas Cromwell, the powerful minister in the court of King Henry VIII. It won the 2012 Man Booker Prize and the 2012 Costa Book of the Year. The final novel in the trilogy is The Mirror & the Light (2020).
Sprent Dabwido
Sprent Arumogo Dabwido (16 September 1972 – 8 May 2019) was a Nauruan politician who served as President of Nauru between 2011 and 2013, and was also a weightlifter. The son of a parliamentarian, Dabwido was originally elected to the Meneng Constituency in the Parliament of Nauru at the 2004 elections. Having served as Minister for Telecommunications in Marcus Stephen's government from 2009, Dabwido joined the Nauruan opposition faction in November 2011 after Stephen's resignation, and, having passed a motion of no confidence against interim president Freddie Pitcher, was elected president four days later. In his role as president, Dabwido functioned as chairman of the Cabinet of Nauru, and held various portfolios in the Nauruan government.

Parliament of Nauru
The Parliament of Nauru has 19 members, elected for a three-year term in multi-seat constituencies. The president of Nauru is elected by the members of the Parliament. The number of seats was increased to 19 following elections in 2013.

The members of the Parliament of Nauru are elected by a positional voting system.
Clarke MacArthur
Clarke MacArthur (born April 6, 1985) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey left winger. MacArthur played in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Ottawa Senators, Buffalo Sabres, Atlanta Thrashers and Toronto Maple Leafs. He was originally selected by Buffalo in the third round, 74th overall, at the 2003 NHL entry draft.

Prior to turning professional, MacArthur spent three seasons playing for the Medicine Hat Tigers in the Western Hockey League (WHL). While playing major junior hockey, he was named to the 2004 Memorial Cup All-Star and 2005 WHL Eastern Conference All-Star Teams. MacArthur was also a member of Canada's gold medal-winning squad at the 2005 World Junior Championships.

Medicine Hat Tigers
The Medicine Hat Tigers are a Canadian major junior ice hockey team in the Western Hockey League (WHL) based in Medicine Hat, Alberta. Established in 1970, the team is tied with the Kamloops Blazers for the most Ed Chynoweth Cups as league champion with six, and have gone on to win two Memorial Cup titles. The Tigers also have seven Division titles. Since 2015, the Tigers play at Co-op Place after forty-five seasons at the Medicine Hat Arena.
Iván de la Peña
Iván de la Peña López (Spanish pronunciation: [iˈβan delaˈpeɲa]; born 6 May 1976) is a former Spanish professional footballer who played as a midfielder. During his career, he earned the nicknames El Pequeño Buda ('Little Buddha') and Lo Pelat ('The Shaven One') due to his shaven head and small stature.

Having started as a youth prodigy at Barcelona, he incidentally closed out his extensive career at neighbouring Espanyol, amassing La Liga totals of 269 games and 19 goals over the course of 12 seasons.

De la Peña was known for his technical skills and accurate passing ability, although his career was affected by several injuries.

RCD Espanyol
Reial Club Deportiu Espanyol de Barcelona (Catalan: [rəˈjal ˈklub dəpuɾˈtiw əspəˈɲɔl də βəɾsəˈlonə]; "Royal Spanish Sports Club of Barcelona"), commonly known as RCD Espanyol, is a Spanish professional sports club based in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. The club competes in La Liga, the top tier of Spanish football.

Founded in 1900 in Barcelona, Espanyol currently play their home games just outside the city at the RCDE Stadium, which holds up to 40,000 spectators. Domestically, Espanyol has won the Copa del Rey four times, most recently in 2006. In international competitions, the club reached the UEFA Cup final in 1988 and 2007. It has a long-standing local rivalry with FC Barcelona.
Oregon PHL/DEQ Laboratories
The Oregon PHL/DEQ Laboratories are the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) and Oregon Health Authority (OHA) laboratories located in a single building in Hillsboro, Oregon, United States. OHA operates the Oregon State Public Health Laboratory (OSPHL), and the DEQ operates their Laboratory and Environmental Assessment Division at the site. The laboratories previously were located at Portland State University, moving to the new location near Cornelius Pass Road and the Sunset Highway (U.S. Route 26) in northeast Hillsboro in 2007.

Built at a cost of $35 million, the laboratories cover 86,000 square feet (8,000 m2) on a 2-acre (0.81 ha) site. DEQ’s lab is an all hazards facility used primarily for testing air and water samples from around the state. The OSPHL operates a biosafety level 3 lab onsite. OSPHL includes a regional newborn screening program, and testing for and investigations of infectious diseases. The combined facility has around 180 employees.

Portland State University
Portland State University (PSU) is a public research university in Portland, Oregon, United States. It was founded in 1946 as a post-secondary educational institution for World War II veterans. It evolved into a four-year college over the next 20 years and was granted university status in 1969. It is one of two public universities in Oregon that are in a large city. It is governed by a board of trustees. PSU is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".

Portland State comprises seven constituent colleges, offering undergraduate degrees in 123 fields and postgraduate degrees in 117 fields. As of 2023, the university had a total enrollment of approximately 21,000 students. Its athletic teams are known as the Portland State Vikings, with school colors of green and white. They compete at the NCAA Division I level, primarily in the Big Sky Conference.