hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arturo Carsetti
Arturo Carsetti (25 April 1940 – 9 November 2024) was an Italian Philosopher of sciences and Professor of philosophy of science at the University of Bari and the University of Rome Tor Vergata. He was the editor of the Italian Journal for the philosophy of science La Nuova Critica founded in 1957 by Valerio Tonini. He is notable for his contributions, also as a member of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts, to philosophy of science, epistemology, metabiology, cognitive science, semantics and philosophy of mind.

University of Rome Tor Vergata
University of Rome Tor Vergata, also known as the University of Tor Vergata (Italian: Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata), is a public research university located in Rome, Italy. Located in the southeastern suburb of Rome, the university combines a liberal arts tradition with emphasis on career orientation in the fields of Economics, Engineering, Humanities, Mathematics, Physics and Natural Sciences, and Medicine and Surgery.

It was established in 1982 with the goal of providing high-quality education for students preparing to meet the changing needs and opportunities of the workforce. Furthermore, the university campus was designed to reflect the same atmosphere that students would feel on Anglophone campuses. Many professors of the university are important members of the Italian cultural and political environment. Its current rector is Nathan Levialdi Ghiron, a professor at the School of Engineering and former vice-Rector.
Boy Meets Girl (novel)
Boy Meets Girl is a 2004 chick lit novel by American author Meg Cabot. It was first published in January, 2004 by HarperCollins, with the author name of "Meggin Cabot"; subsequent printings say "Meg Cabot". It is the second book in the Boy series, but its story is only loosely connected to that of its predecessor, The Boy Next Door.

The Boy Next Door (novel)
The Boy Next Door is a novel written by Meg Cabot. The book was published in 2002. Written with an e-mail format throughout the book, it tells the story of a gossip columnist who becomes entangled in a relationship with the nephew of her neighbour, who is in a coma following an attempted murder.
Hinukh people
The Hinukh (Hinukh: гьинухъес hinuqes, Avar: гьинухъесел, romanized: hinuqesel) are a people of Dagestan living in 2 villages: Genukh, Tsuntinsky District, their "parent village"; and Novomonastyrskoe, Kizlyarsky District where they settled later and live together with Avars and Dargins and also in the cities of Dagestan. They are being assimilated by the Caucasian Avars.

Avar language
Avar (авар мацӏ, avar maⱬ [ʔaˈwar mat͡sʼː] or магӏарул мацӏ, maⱨarul maⱬ [maʕarul mat͡sʼː], 'language of the mountains'), also known as Avaric, is a Northeast Caucasian language of the Avar–Andic subgroup that is spoken by Avars, primarily in Dagestan. In 2010, there were approximately one million speakers in Dagestan and elsewhere in Russia.
Pioneer program
The Pioneer programs were two series of United States lunar and planetary space probes. The first program, which ran from 1958 to 1960, unsuccessfully attempted to send spacecraft to orbit the Moon, successfully sent one spacecraft to fly by the Moon, and successfully sent one spacecraft to investigate interplanetary space between the orbits of Earth and Venus. The second program, which ran from 1965 to 1992, sent four spacecraft to measure interplanetary space weather, two to explore Jupiter and Saturn, and two to explore Venus. The two outer planet probes, Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11, became the first two of five artificial objects to achieve the escape velocity that will allow them to leave the Solar System, and carried a golden plaque each depicting a man and a woman and information about the origin and the creators of the probes, in case any extraterrestrials find them someday.

Space weather
Space weather is a branch of space physics and aeronomy, or heliophysics, concerned with the varying conditions within the Solar System and its heliosphere. This includes the effects of the solar wind, especially on the Earth's magnetosphere, ionosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere. Though physically distinct, space weather is analogous to the terrestrial weather of Earth's atmosphere (troposphere and stratosphere). The term "space weather" was first used in the 1950s and popularized in the 1990s. Later, it prompted research into "space climate", the large-scale and long-term patterns of space weather.
Te Hikawera
Te Hikawera was a rangatira (chieftain) of the Ngāti Te Whatuiāpiti hapū of Ngāti Kahungunu, around the late seventeenth century. He maintained pā sites at Oueroa, Manahuna, and Kaimata, from which he exercised authority over the whole of Heretaunga. Later he also gained control of the area of Tarawera in the Ahimanawa Range He is responsible for the names of several geographic features in the Hawke’s Bay region and is the ancestor of Ngāti Pārau, formerly known as Ngāti Hikawera.

Ahimanawa Range
The Ahimanawa Range is a range of rugged hills in the northern Hawke's Bay region of the eastern North Island of New Zealand. It is located between Napier and Taupō.

39°00′S 176°27′E﻿ / ﻿39.000°S 176.450°E﻿ / -39.000; 176.450
Girls' Last Tour
Girls' Last Tour (Japanese: 少女終末旅行, Hepburn: Shōjo Shūmatsu Ryokō) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Tsukumizu. It follows the adventures of two girls, Chito and Yuuri, traveling through a world that has fallen into a post-apocalyptic winter.

The manga was serialized monthly on Shinchosha's Kurage Bunch manga website from February 2014 to January 2018 and its chapters were collected in six tankōbon volumes. An English release of the manga is licensed in North America by Yen Press. A 12-episode anime television adaptation, produced by White Fox, aired in Japan from October to December 2017. It mainly covered the manga's first four volumes. The anime won the "Best Slice of Life" category at the 2nd Crunchyroll Anime Awards in 2018, and the manga won the 50th Seiun Award in the Best Comic category in 2019.

Shinchosha
Shinchosha Publishing Co, Ltd. (株式会社新潮社, Kabushiki Kaisha Shinchōsha) is a publisher founded in 1896 in Japan and headquartered in Yaraichō, Shinjuku, Tokyo. Shinchosha is one of the sponsors of the Japan Fantasy Novel Award, instituted in 1989.
Moniezia
Moniezia a genus of tapeworms that are parasitic in mammals, including sheep, goat and cattle. It comprises four known species such as M. expansa, M. benedeni, M. autumnalis and M. baeri. M. expansa is the most well known species within the genus because of its high prevalence. Members of the genus are among the largest cestodes reaching up to 10 m in length. They inhabit the small intestine of mammalian host. Their life cycle is indirect requiring intermediate host, which are oribatid mites. They are characterized by the presence of interproglottid glands.

Moniezia expansa
Moniezia expansa is commonly known as sheep tapeworm or double-pored ruminant tapeworm. It is a large tapeworm inhabiting the small intestines of ruminants such as sheep, goats and cattle. It has been reported from Peru that pigs are also infected. There is an unusual report of human infection in an Egyptian. It is characterized by unarmed scolex (i.e., hooks and rostellum are absent), presence of two sets of reproductive systems in each proglottid, and each proglottid being very short but very broad.
Ethel Jones Mowbray
Ethel Jones Mowbray (died November 25, 1948) was one of the twenty founders of Alpha Kappa Alpha, the first sorority founded by African-American women. Her legacy was an organization that has helped African-American women succeed in college, prepare for leadership and organize in communities, and serve their communities in later life.

Alpha Kappa Alpha
Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Inc. (ΑΚΑ) is a historically African-American sorority. The sorority was founded in 1908 at Howard University in Washington, D.C. Alpha Kappa Alpha was incorporated in 1913. It is a member of the National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC), a group of historically Black fraternities and sororities often called the Divine Nine.

In 2025, Alpha Kappa Alpha had more than 365,000 members in 1,085 chapters in the United States and eleven other countries. Women may join through undergraduate chapters at a college or university, or graduate chapters after acquiring an undergraduate or advanced college degree.
Angus Beith
Angus Beith (born 22 February 1996) is a Scottish former professional footballer. Beith played as a midfielder for Heart of Midlothian, Stirling Albion, Stenhousemuir, Stranraer and Inverness Caledonian Thistle. Due to a hip injury, Beith was forced to retire aged 23. He is currently the Heart of Midlothian B team head coach.

Stranraer F.C.
Stranraer Football Club is a Scottish semi-professional football club based in the town of Stranraer in Dumfries and Galloway. The club was founded in 1870, making it the third-oldest football club in Scotland behind Queen's Park and Kilmarnock  and one of the 20 oldest in the world. The club currently competes in Scottish League Two as a member of the Scottish Professional Football League.

They have won the Scottish Second Division on two occasions, most recently in 1997–98, as well as coming runners-up in 2004–05 and 2014–15. Their only national cup final came in 1996, when the club defeated First Division champions St Johnstone 1–0 in the Scottish Challenge Cup final.

Stranraer's home ground is Stair Park, which has the capacity to seat around 1,830 spectators and a total of 4,178 including standing. The ground was opened in 1907 and is located in the east of Stranraer.
Star Boulevard
Star Boulevard (Traditional Chinese: 星光大道; Simplified Chinese: 星光大道; pinyin: xīng guāng dà dào) is a China's first TV musical series. It is also called Walk of Fame. This 20-episode series, sponsored by Starlight International Media Co. Ltd, featured some of Hong Kong's well-known stars including Jordan Chan, Eric Tsang and Ruby Lin. The show also featured newcomers Huang Yida, Yang Ziting, Lu Jiejun and Li Xuan.

Eric Tsang
Eric Tsang Chi-wai MH (Chinese: 曾志偉; born 14 April 1953) is a Hong Kong actor, director, host, producer, and television executive, known for his versatility in both comedy and drama, as well as for hosting the long-running Super Trio variety show series. Since 2021, he has served as the general manager of TVB.
Five Day Lover
Five Day Lover (French: L'Amant de cinq jours) is a 1961 French sex comedy film directed and co-written by Philippe de Broca, starring Jean Seberg and Micheline Presle. It is based on the 1959 novel L'amant de cinq jours by Françoise Parturier. The film was entered into the 11th Berlin International Film Festival and nominated for the Golden Bear.

Micheline Presle
Micheline Presle (French pronunciation: [miʃlin pʁɛːl]; born Micheline Nicole Julia Émilienne Chassagne; 22 August 1922 – 21 February 2024) was a French actress. She was sometimes billed as Micheline Prelle. Starting her career in 1937, she starred or appeared in over 150 films appearing first in productions in her native France and also in Hollywood during the era of Classical Hollywood Cinema, before returning again to Europe, especially French films from the mid-1960s until 2014.
Robert Schadler
Robert A. Schadler is an American politician and businessman who served as a member of the West Virginia House of Delegates for the 49th district from 1988 to 1992 and again from 1998 to 2010. Schadler represented a district that includes Mineral County.

West Virginia House of Delegates
The West Virginia House of Delegates is the lower house of the West Virginia Legislature in West Virginia. Only three states—Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia—refer to their lower house as the House of Delegates.
Cycling at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's individual road race
The women's road race was one of 18 cycling events of the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro. The event was held on 7 August 2016 at Fort Copacabana and was won by Anna van der Breggen from the Netherlands.

During the race, Dutch rider Annemiek van Vleuten crashed on the steep descent from Vista Chinesa while leading the race, just 12 kilometres (7.5 miles) from the finish. The crash knocked her unconscious, and she was hospitalised with three lumbar spinal fractures and a severe concussion. Van Vleuten recovered, and returned to competition a month later.

Vista Chinesa
The Vista Chinesa (Chinese Belvedere) is one of the belvederes of Rio de Janeiro, at the topmost of one of the roads that connect the Jardim Botânico area to the Parque Nacional & Floresta da Tijuca, known as the Estrada da Vista Chinesa.
The Variant
"The Variant" is the second episode of the first season of the American television series Loki, based on Marvel Comics featuring the character Loki. It follows an alternate version of the character who cannot return to his own timeline and is now working with the mysterious Time Variance Authority (TVA) to hunt down a fugitive variant of himself. The episode is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the films of the franchise. It was written by Elissa Karasik and directed by Kate Herron.

Tom Hiddleston reprises his role as Loki from the film series, with Sophia Di Martino, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Wunmi Mosaku, Eugene Cordero, Sasha Lane, Tara Strong, and Owen Wilson also starring. Herron joined the series in August 2019. Filming took place at Pinewood Atlanta Studios, with location filming in the Atlanta metropolitan area.

"The Variant" was released on Disney+ on June 16, 2021. Critics praised the episode's twist ending.

Teams and organizations of the Marvel Cinematic Universe
The Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) is an American media franchise and shared universe centered on superhero films and other series starring various titular superheroes independently produced by Marvel Studios and based on characters that appear in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The shared universe, much like the original Marvel Universe in comic books, was established by crossing over common plot elements, settings, cast, and characters. Over the course of the films and related media (such as Disney+ miniseries), several teams and organizations have been formed, each with different aims and purposes.
St Botolph Building
The St Botolph Building is a commercial office in Houndsditch, central London, opened in 2011 and designed by Grimshaw Architects.

It is one of a number of landmark buildings recently delivered or in development to the East of the Gherkin in the City of London ward of Aldgate, which together with the wards of Langbourn, Cornhill and Lime Street forms the centre of the UK insurance industry.

Two of the three main tenants, Jardine Lloyd Thompson and Lockton, are businesses with a substantial insurance broking component, which are therefore reliant on close proximity to the Lloyd's building and the globally-significant London market in insurance contracts that focuses on Lloyd's of London. The third main tenant, Clyde & Co, also has insurance ties as one of the largest insurance and reinsurance law firms in the world.

Clyde & Co
Clyde & Co is a global law firm headquartered in London, United Kingdom. The firm employs 2,600 legal professionals and more than 5,000 total staff. In 2022–23, Clyde & Co's revenue was £788.6 million.
Scott Mann (politician)
Scott Leslie Mann (born 24 June 1977) is a British Conservative politician who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for North Cornwall from 2015 to 2024. He served as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Growth and Rural Affairs from September to October 2022 and a Government Whip (Lord Commissioner of the Treasury). Between 2009 and 2016 he represented the Wadebridge West ward on Cornwall Council.

Cornwall Council
Cornwall Council (Cornish: Konsel Kernow [ˈkɔn.sɛl ˈkɛrnɔʊ]), known between 1889 and 2009 as Cornwall County Council (Cornish: Konteth Konsel Kernow), is the local authority for the non-metropolitan county of Cornwall in South West England. Since 2009 it has been a unitary authority, having taken over district-level functions when the county’s districts were abolished. The non-metropolitan county of Cornwall is slightly smaller than the ceremonial county, which additionally includes the Isles of Scilly. The council's headquarters is Lys Kernow (also known as New County Hall) in Truro.

The council has been under no overall control since July 2024. Following the May 2025 election an administration of the Liberal Democrats and independents formed to run the council.
Kwame Bonsu
Kwame Bonsu (born 25 September 1994) is a Ghanaian footballer who plays as a midfielder for Saudi Arabian club Al-Jandal. He has had previous spells in Sweden with Gefle IF, Mjällby AIF, Rosengård and for Asante Kotoko in his home country Ghana.

Al-Jandal SC
Al-Jandal Sport Club (Arabic: نادي الجندل) is a professional Saudi-Arabian football club based in Dumat al-Jandal, They currently play in the FD League, the second tier of Saudi football.

The club play their home games at the Al-Orobah Club Stadium and the Al Jouf University Stadium.
1999 Checker Auto Parts/Dura Lube 500k
The 1999 Checker Auto Parts/Dura Lube 500k was the 32nd stock car race of the 1999 NASCAR Winston Cup Series and the 12th iteration of the event. The race was held on Sunday, November 7, 1999, before an audience of 78,000 in Avondale, Arizona at Phoenix International Raceway, a 1-mile (1.6 km) permanent low-banked tri-oval race track. The race took the scheduled 312 laps to complete. Joe Gibbs Racing driver Tony Stewart would manage to dominate the late stages of the race to take his second career NASCAR Winston Cup Series victory and his second victory of the season. To fill out the podium, Roush Racing driver Mark Martin and Joe Gibbs Racing driver Bobby Labonte would finish second and third, respectively.

Avondale, Arizona
Avondale is a city in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States, adjacent to Phoenix. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 89,334, up from 76,238 in 2010 and 35,883 in 2000.

Avondale, incorporated in 1946, has experienced rapid residential and commercial growth in the years since 1980. Once primarily a sparsely populated farming community with many acres of alfalfa and cotton fields, Avondale has transformed into a major bedroom suburb for Phoenix.
Peddintalludu
Peddintalludu (transl. Big house son-in-law) is a 1991 Indian Telugu-language comedy film directed by Sarath. It stars Suman, Nagma, Mohan Babu, Vanisri with music composed by Raj–Koti. It is produced by T. R. Tulasi under the Sri Annapurna Cine Chitra banner. The film is a remake of the 1962 Hindi film Professor which had earlier been remade in Telugu in 1969 as Bhale Mastaru.

Raj–Koti
Thotakura Somaraju (c. 1954 – 21 May 2023) and Saluri Koteswara Rao, popularly known as Raj–Koti, were a duo of Indian film music composers, singer-songwriters, record producers, musicians and multi-instrumentalists in Telugu cinema. In a notable career spanning a decade, the duo has garnered particular acclaim for redefining contemporary Telugu film music. They composed music for about 180 films. Out of their 3,000 songs, about 2,500 were sung by singers S. P. Balasubrahmanyam and K. S. Chithra.

The Raj–Koti duo was among the many prominent South Indian composers for whom A. R. Rahman has worked as a keyboard programmer for 8 years.

In a television interview aired on ABN Andhrajyothy, the duo announced that they were teaming up again in 2012 and reinstating the Raj–Koti brand.
The Crowd (Lewis)
The Crowd is a 1914–1915 abstract painting by the British artist Wyndham Lewis. It is an example of Vorticism, a modern art movement Lewis created. It was first exhibited in March 1915 with The London Group. At one point, it was known as Revolution, due to a misunderstanding that it was inspired by the 1917 October Revolution in Russia. Since 1964, it is in the collection of Tate in London.

The London Group
The London Group is a society based in London, England, created to offer additional exhibiting opportunities to artists besides the Royal Academy of Arts. Formed in 1913, it is one of the oldest artist-led organisations in the world. It was formed from the merger of the Camden Town Group, an all-male group, and the Fitzroy Street Group. It holds open submission exhibitions for members and guest artists.
Banking in Bangladesh
Bangladesh, classified as a developing country, faces challenges in its banking sector, particularly concerning the services and customer care provided by state-owned banks.

While private banks have made efforts to adopt banking practices similar to those in more developed countries, these initiatives are often hindered by policies implemented by Bangladesh Bank, the country’s central bank. These policies, at times, are seen as politically influenced or ineffective, contributing to a banking environment where corruption, money laundering, and illegal financial activities can occur.

Bangladesh Bank
Bangladesh Bank (BB; Bengali: বাংলাদেশ ব্যাংক, romanized: Bāṅlādēś Byāṅk) is the central bank of Bangladesh and is a member of the Asian Clearing Union. It is fully owned by the Government of Bangladesh.

The bank is active in developing green banking. and financial inclusion policy and is an important member of the Alliance for Financial Inclusion. Bangladesh Financial Intelligence Unit (BFIU), a department of Bangladesh Bank, is a member FIU of the Egmont Group of Financial Intelligence Units.

Bangladesh Bank is the first central bank in the world to introduce a dedicated hotline (16236) for people to complain about any banking-related problem. Moreover, the organization is the first central bank in the world to issue a "Green Banking Policy". To acknowledge this contribution, then-governor Dr. Atiur Rahman was given the title 'Green Governor' at the 2012 United Nations Climate Change Conference, which was held at the Qatar National Convention Centre in Doha.
Object Process Methodology
Object process methodology (OPM) is a conceptual modeling language and methodology for capturing knowledge and designing systems, specified as ISO/PAS 19450. Based on a minimal universal ontology of stateful objects and processes that transform them, OPM can be used to formally specify the function, structure, and behavior of artificial and natural systems in a large variety of domains.

OPM was conceived and developed by Dov Dori. The ideas underlying OPM were published for the first time in 1995. Since then, OPM has evolved and developed.

In 2002, the first book on OPM was published, and on December 15, 2015, after six years of work by ISO TC184/SC5, ISO adopted OPM as ISO/PAS 19450. A second book on OPM was published in 2016.

Since 2019, OPM has become a foundation for a Professional Certificate program in Model-Based Systems Engineering - MBSE at EdX.  Lectures are available as web videos on Youtube.

State (computer science)
In information technology and computer science, a system is described as stateful if it is designed to remember preceding events or user interactions; the remembered information is called the state of the system.

The set of states a system can occupy is known as its state space. In a discrete system, the state space is countable and often finite. The system's internal behaviour or interaction with its environment consists of separately occurring individual actions or events, such as accepting input or producing output, that may or may not cause the system to change its state. Examples of such systems are digital logic circuits and components, automata and formal language, computer programs, and computers.

The output of a digital circuit or deterministic computer program at any time is completely determined by its current inputs and its state.