hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ethanol from coal
Ethanol from coal is the ethanol produced using coal as its carbon source.  The anaerobic bacterium Clostridium ljungdahlii produces ethanol and acetic acid from CO, CO2, and H2 in synthesis gas. Early studies with C. ljungdahlii showed that relatively high concentrations of ethanol could be produced. This process involves three main steps:

Gasification: Thermal gasification at temperatures of up to 2,200°F in a reducing, very low oxygen atmosphere transforms organic materials into simple CO, CO2 and H2 gases.

Fermentation: The acetogenic C. ljungdahlii convert the carbon monoxide into ethanol.

Distillation: Ethanol is separated from hydrogen and water.

Clostridium ljungdahlii
Clostridium ljungdahlii is an anaerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming, gram-positive bacterium. It is named after the Swedish biochemist Lars G. Ljungdahl. When originally harvested from the waste matter of animals, it tended to produce acetate with respect to ethanol, but a major undertaking to increase the ethanol-to-acetate ratio was initiated. A 1993 publication by researchers from the University of Arkansas, in cooperation with Oak Ridge National Laboratories, showed results from a series of continuous reactor studies caused a major change in the bacterium's preference for ethanol production, which increased from <0.1 g/L to 1.8 g/L in a continuous stirred tank reactor.

This species can ferment certain components of syngas into ethanol. It also possesses properties of electrosynthesis, producing acetate on cathodes.
Houses of the Oireachtas Commission
The Houses of the Oireachtas Commission (Irish: Coimisiún Thithe an Oireachtais) is the governing body responsible for the administration of the Oireachtas. It was established on 1 January 2004 by the Houses of the Oireachtas Act 2003 as a corporate body. It is independent in performing its functions and has no role in setting parliamentary business. It is funded on a three-year basis. It is funded by statute on a three-year basis.

Oireachtas
The Oireachtas (/ˈɛrəktəs/ EH-rək-təs; Irish: [ˈɛɾʲaxt̪ˠəsˠ]), sometimes referred to as Oireachtas Éireann, is the bicameral parliament of Ireland. The Oireachtas consists of the president of Ireland and the two houses of the Oireachtas (Irish: Tithe an Oireachtais): a lower house called Dáil Éireann and an upper house called Seanad Éireann.

The houses of the Oireachtas sit in Leinster House in Dublin, an eighteenth-century ducal palace. The directly elected Dáil is the more powerful of the houses of the Oireachtas.
Zhang Xiu (warlord)
Zhang Xiu (died 207) was a military general and minor warlord who lived during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. In 197, he clashed with the warlord Cao Cao, who was then the de facto head of the Han central government, at the Battle of Wancheng and subsequent skirmishes. However, in 200, he heeded the suggestion from his adviser Jia Xu and surrendered to Cao Cao, who accepted his surrender and appointed him as a general. Having fought on Cao Cao's side at the decisive Battle of Guandu against a rival warlord Yuan Shao and in the subsequent campaigns against Yuan Shao's heirs, Zhang Xiu made great contributions during his service under Cao Cao. In 207, he died en route to joining Cao Cao on a campaign against the Wuhuan tribes. The Han imperial court honoured with the posthumous title "Marquis Ding".

Yuan Shao
Yuan Shao (袁紹, pronunciationⓘ; died 28 June 202), courtesy name Benchu (本初), was a Chinese military general, politician, and warlord who lived in the late Eastern Han dynasty. He occupied the northern territories of China during the civil wars that occurred towards the end of the Han dynasty. He was also an elder half-brother of Yuan Shu, a warlord who controlled the Huai River region, though the two were not on good terms with each other.

One of the most powerful warlords of his time, Yuan Shao spearheaded a coalition of warlords against Dong Zhuo, who held Emperor Xian hostage in the imperial capital, Luoyang, but failed due to internal disunity. In 200, he launched a campaign against his rival Cao Cao but was defeated at the Battle of Guandu. He died of illness two years later in Ye. His eventual failure despite his illustrious family background and geographical advantages was commonly blamed on his indecisiveness and inability to heed the advice of his advisors.
Nhangu language
The Nhangu language (Nhaŋu), also Yan-nhaŋu (Jarnango) is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken by the Yan-nhaŋu people, inhabitants of the Crocodile Islands off the coast of Arnhem Land, in the Northern Territory of Australia. The Yan-nhaŋu language belongs to the Yolŋu Matha language group of the Yolŋu people of Arnhem Land in northern Australia. The varieties of the two moieties are (a) Gorlpa and (b) Yan-nhangu.

Transitivity (grammar)
Transitivity is a linguistics  property that relates to whether a  verb, participle, or gerund denotes a transitive object.  It is closely related to valency, which considers other arguments in addition to transitive objects.

English grammar makes a binary distinction between intransitive verbs (e.g. arrive, belong, or die, which do not denote a transitive object)  and transitive verbs (e.g., announce, bring, or complete, which must denote a transitive object). Many languages, including English, have ditransitive verbs that denote two objects, and some verbs may be ambitransitive in a manner that is either transitive (e.g., "I read the book" or "We won the game") or intransitive (e.g., "I read until bedtime" or "We won") depending on the given context.
Yang Qilang
Yang Qilang (Chinese: 楊七郎; pinyin: Yá Qīláng; literally "Yang's seventh son") is a fictional character in the Generals of the Yang Family legends, the seventh eldest and youngest son of Song dynasty general Yang Ye. In these largely fictionalized stories, he was shot to death with countless arrows by the vengeful Song commander Pan Renmei while seeking reinforcement for his trapped father in battles against the Liao dynasty army.

"Qilang", which means "seventh son", is a nickname rather than an official given name. His official name is usually given as Yang Yansi (楊延嗣).

Yang Yanzhao
Yang Yanzhao (楊延昭; c. 958 – 9 February 1014), named Yang Yanlang (楊延朗) before 1012, was a military general in ancient China's Northern Song dynasty. For over two decades he defended Song's northern border against the Khitan-ruled Liao dynasty, helping Song thwart Liao's repeated invasion attempts between 999 and 1004.

He was one of Yang Ye's seven sons. History of Song mentions that he was called Yang Liulang (楊六郎, literally "Yang's 6th son") by the Khitans who feared him. In the largely fictional legends of Generals of the Yang Family, Yang Yanzhao is Yang Ye's sixth eldest son to explain this nickname, even though historians believe he was actually the eldest or second eldest son.
Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights
The Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights (French: Académie de droit international humanitaire et de droits humains à Genève) is a postgraduate joint center (between the University of Geneva and the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies) founded in 2006  and located in Geneva, Switzerland. The faculty includes professors from both founding institutions and guest professors from major universities.

It is located in the Villa Moynier building, which was built in 1847 and was owned by Gustave Moynier, co-founder of the International Committee of the Red Cross.

Maison de la paix
The Maison de la paix (literally: House of Peace) is a building owned by the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva, Switzerland. The building was designed by Eric Ott of Neuchâtel's IPAS firm. It serves as the headquarters for the Graduate Institute and houses the three Geneva Centres, which comprise the Geneva Centre for Security Policy (GCSP), the Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining (GICHD), and the Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF). It is the main element of the Campus de la paix (literally: Campus of Peace).
Hattie Martindale
Harriet "Hattie" Martindale (August 7, 1838 – September 12, 1919) lived in Kirtland, Ohio. She is best known for becoming an involuntary celebrity when local rumors about her became the subject of international papers several times in the 1910s. Due to these stories, she became known as the "Veiled Lady of Kirtland." After her death, she became the subject of a ghost story that persisted for a century.

The Plain Dealer
The Plain Dealer is the primary newspaper of Cleveland, Ohio. In the fall of 2019, it ranked 23rd in U.S. newspaper circulation, a significant drop since March 2013, when its circulation ranked 17th daily and 15th on Sunday.

As of May 2019, The Plain Dealer had 94,838 daily readers and 171,404 readers on Sunday. The Plain Dealer's media market, the Cleveland-Akron Designated Market Area, has a population of 3.8 million people making it the 19th-largest market in the United States.

As of 2023, Sunday print circulation had declined to 37,000 copies.

In August 2013, The Plain Dealer reduced home delivery to four days a week, including Sunday. A daily version of The Plain Dealer was available electronically as well as in print at stores, newsracks and newsstands.
Tin mining in Britain
Tin mining in Britain took place from prehistoric times, during Bronze Age Britain, until the 20th century. Mention of tin mining in Britain was made by many Classical writers. Tin is necessary to smelt bronze, an alloy that played a vital cultural role during the Bronze Age. As South-West Britain was one of the few parts of Anglian stage England to escape glaciation, tin ore was readily available on the surface. Originally it is likely that cassiterite alluvial deposits in the gravels of streams were exploited but later underground working took place. Shallow cuttings were then used to extract ore. In the 19th century advances in mining engineering enabled the exploitation of much deeper mines. In a few cases these mines even extended both to multiple levels and workings below the seabed.

Cassiterite
Cassiterite is a tin oxide mineral, SnO2.  It is generally opaque, but it is translucent in thin crystals. Its luster and multiple crystal faces produce a desirable gem. Cassiterite was the chief tin ore throughout ancient history and remains the most important source of tin today.
Bielefeld – Gütersloh II
Bielefeld – Gütersloh II is an electoral constituency (German: Wahlkreis) represented in the Bundestag. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the current constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 131. It is located in eastern North Rhine-Westphalia, comprising the city of Bielefeld and a small part of the district of Gütersloh.

Bielefeld – Gütersloh II was created for the inaugural 1949 federal election. Since 2017, it has been represented by Wiebke Esdar of the Social Democratic Party (SPD).

Gütersloh (district)
Gütersloh (German pronunciation: [ˈɡyːtɐsloː]) is a Kreis (district) in the north-east of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Neighboring districts are Osnabrück, Herford, district-free Bielefeld, Lippe, Paderborn, Soest and Warendorf.
Amelia (Bob's Burgers)
"Amelia" is the 22nd episode and the season finale of the thirteenth season of the American animated comedy series Bob's Burgers and is the 260th episode overall. It was written by Loren Bouchard and was directed by Matthew Long and Brian LoSchiavo. It originally aired in the US on Fox Broadcasting Company on May 21, 2023. The episode was dedicated to Paul Reubens in a re-aired playing on August 13, 2023.

Amelia Earhart
Amelia Mary Earhart (/ˈɛərhɑːrt/ AIR-hart; born July 24, 1897; disappeared July 2, 1937; declared dead January 5, 1939) was an American aviator and aviation pioneer who became one of the most celebrated figures of early flight.

In 1928, she was the first female passenger to cross the Atlantic by airplane. In 1932, she became the first woman to make a nonstop solo transatlantic flight, and was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross for her achievement. She was one of the first aviators to promote commercial air travel, wrote best-selling books about her flying experiences, and helped found the Ninety-Nines, an organization for female pilots.

On July 2, 1937, she disappeared over the Pacific Ocean while attempting to become the first female pilot to circumnavigate the world. Since her disappearance, Earhart  has become a global cultural figure and numerous films, documentaries, and books have recounted her life. She is ranked ninth on Flying's list of the 51 Heroes of Aviation.
Battle of Bir Tabraz
The Battle of Bir Tabraz was fought in December 1911 during the Italo-Turkish War between the Kingdom of Italy and Senussi forces in a place near Tripoli in modern Libya, the Senussi successfully forced to Italians to withdraw.

Sanusiyya
The Sanusi order or Sanusiyyah (Arabic: السنوسية, romanized: as-Sanūssiyya) are a Muslim political-religious Sufi order (tariqa) in Libya and North Africa founded in Mecca in 1837 by Muhammad ibn Ali al-Sanusi.

During World War I the Senusi order fought against both Italy and Britain. During World War II, the order provided support to the British Eighth Army in North Africa against Nazi and Fascist Italian forces. The founder's grandson became King Idris I of Libya in 1951. The 1969 Libyan revolution led by Muammar Gaddafi overthrew him, ending the Libyan monarchy. The movement remained active despite persecution by Gaddafi's government, and its cultural legacy continues to this day in Libya, centered on Cyrenaica.
2014 Tennessee elections
Tennessee state elections in 2014 were held on Tuesday, November 4, 2014. Primary elections for the United States Senate, United States House of Representatives, governorship, Tennessee Senate, and Tennessee House of Representatives, as well as various judicial retention elections, including elections for three Tennessee Supreme Court justices, were held on August 7, 2014. There were also four constitutional amendments to the Constitution of Tennessee on the November 4 ballot.

Tennessee Republican Party
The Tennessee Republican Party (TRP or TNGOP) is the affiliate of the United States Republican Party in Tennessee. Since the mid-1960s, the state 
has become increasingly Republican. The current chairman of the Republican Party of Tennessee is Scott Golden. It is currently the dominant party in the state, controlling all but one of Tennessee's nine U.S. House seats, both U.S. Senate, the governorship, and has supermajorities in both houses of the state legislature.
Fenglin Bridge
Fenglin Bridge  is a 364-metre-high (1,194 ft) suspension bridge near Xingyi, Guizhou province of China. It is among the 25 highest bridges in the world. The bridge is located on S65 Expressway and crosses the Maling River (马别河) Canyon. The Maling River is a tributary of the Nanpan River. The bridge opened on 1 March 2021.

Xingyi, Guizhou
Xingyi (simplified Chinese: 兴义; traditional Chinese: 興義; pinyin: Xīngyì) (Bouyei language: Xinyyiq siq) is a county-level city and seat of the Qianxinan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, in the southwest of Guizhou Province, China.
Paul Brinkley
Paul Andrew Brinkley (born November 15, 1966, in Dallas, Texas) is an American businessman and government official. Brinkley is the co-founder and current CEO of North America Western Asia Holdings, an investment and business development firm based in Washington, D.C. Brinkley served as the United States Deputy Undersecretary of Defense under Secretaries of Defense Donald Rumsfeld and Robert Gates from 2004 to 2011.

United States Deputy Under Secretary of Defense
Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (DUSD) is the title for several high-ranking posts in the U.S. Department of Defense, requiring appointment by the president and are confirmed by the Senate by majority vote.  There are currently six DUSDs, one for each Under Secretary of Defense.  From 2010 until 2017, these positions were known as Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (PDUSD). The title for these positions was renamed to remove the word "Principal" as part of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018.

Formerly, there also existed the position of Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (DUSD).  Some of these positions require appointment by the president and are confirmed by the Senate by majority vote, while others did not require Senate confirmation.  The use of these titles was severely restricted by the FY2010 and FY2011 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA).
King Wah Centre
The King Wah Centre (Chinese: 瓊華中心; Jyutping: king4 faa1 zung1 sam1), situated at the northeast corner of Shantung Street and Nathan Road, is a popular shopping centre in the Mong Kok area of Hong Kong. The 16-storey building features ten restaurant floors, three karaoke floors, along with 136 stores selling a variety of fashionable products.

Nathan Road
Nathan Road (Chinese: 彌敦道) is the main thoroughfare in Kowloon, Hong Kong, aligned south–north from Tsim Sha Tsui to Sham Shui Po. It is lined with shops and restaurants and throngs with visitors, and was known in the post–World War II years as the Golden Mile, a name that is now rarely used. It starts on the southern part of Kowloon at its junction with Salisbury Road, a few metres north of Victoria Harbour, and ends at its intersection with Boundary Street in the north. Portions of the Kwun Tong and Tsuen Wan lines (Prince Edward, Mong Kok, Yau Ma Tei, Jordan and Tsim Sha Tsui) run underneath Nathan Road. The total length of Nathan Road is about 3.6 km (2.2 mi).
It's Too Late to Stop Now
It's Too Late to Stop Now is a 1974 live double album by Northern Irish singer-songwriter Van Morrison. It features performances that were recorded in concerts at the Troubadour in Los Angeles, California, the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium, and the Rainbow in London, during Morrison's three-month tour with his eleven-piece band, the Caledonia Soul Orchestra, from May to July 1973. Frequently named as one of the best live albums ever, It's Too Late to Stop Now was recorded during what has often been said to be the singer's greatest phase as a live performer.

Volumes II, III, and IV of the album were released as a box-set in 2016, also including a DVD.

Johnny Rogan
John Rogan (14 February 1953 – 21 January 2021) was a British author of Irish descent best known for his books about music and popular culture. He wrote influential biographies of the Byrds, Neil Young, the Smiths, Van Morrison and Ray Davies. His writing was characterised by "an almost neurotic attention to detail", epic length (the first volume of Requiem for the Timeless is more than 1,200 pages long), and ambivalent - sometimes positive and sometimes hostile - response from the subjects of his biographies.
Boda Janardhan
Boda Janardhan is an Indian politician. He was elected to the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly from Chennur in the 1985, 1989, 1994 and 1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election as a member of the Telugu Desam Party and served as Labour minister in N.T. Rama Rao's Cabinet.

In June 2019, Reddy along with BRS leader A. P. Jithender Reddy, Chada Suresh Reddy, who were Ministers in Andhra Pradesh and former Congress MLC, P. Sudhakar Reddy joined the Bharatiya Janata Party.

Ponguleti Sudhakar Reddy
Ponguleti Sudhakar Reddy is an Indian politician belonging to Bharatiya Janata Party. He is a Member of Legislative Council in Andhra Pradesh and previously was Secretary, All India Congress Committee.
Classic Car Club of America
The Classic Car Club of America (CCCA) is an organization founded in 1952 with a goal of celebrating the automobiles of the prewar period. At the time, the vehicles covered by the club were considered too modern to be of any interest by such organizations as the Antique Automobile Club of America.

Currently, the CCCA membership vehicles are among the most valuable on the market.

Graham-Paige
Graham-Paige was an American automobile manufacturer founded by brothers Joseph B., Robert C., and Ray A. Graham in 1927.  Automobile production ceased in 1940, and its automotive assets were acquired by Kaiser-Frazer in 1947. As a corporate entity, the Graham-Paige name continued until 1962.
Hellebore
Commonly known as hellebores (/ˈhɛləbɔːrz/), the Eurasian genus Helleborus consists of approximately 20 species of herbaceous or evergreen perennial flowering plants in the family Ranunculaceae, within which it gave its name to the tribe of Helleboreae. Many hellebore species are poisonous.

Despite common names such as winter rose, Christmas rose, and Lenten rose, hellebores are not closely related to the rose family (Rosaceae).

Nectar
Nectar is a viscous, sugar-rich liquid produced by plants in glands called nectaries, either within the flowers with which it attracts pollinating animals, or by extrafloral nectaries, which provide a nutrient source to animal mutualists, which in turn provide herbivore protection. Common nectar-consuming pollinators include mosquitoes, hoverflies, wasps, bees, butterflies and moths, hummingbirds, honeyeaters and bats. 
Nectar is an economically important substance as it is the sugar source for honey.

Nectar is also useful in agriculture and horticulture because the adult stages of some predatory insects feed on nectar. For example, a number of predacious or parasitoid wasps (e.g., the social wasp species Apoica flavissima) rely on nectar as a primary food source. In turn, these wasps then hunt agricultural pest insects as food for their young.

Nectar is most often associated with flowering plants (angiosperms), but it is also produced by other groups, including ferns.
IM L7
The IM L7 is a battery electric full-size sedan produced by Chinese automobile manufacturer IM Motors, also known as Zhiji Motors, a joint venture between SAIC Motor, Pudong New Area and Alibaba. It is the brand's first vehicle, and production of the vehicle started in early 2022.

Full-size car
Full-size car, also known as large car, is a vehicle size class which originated in the United States and is used for cars larger than mid-size cars. It is the largest size class for cars. In the United Kingdom, this class is referred to as the executive car, while in Europe, it is known as E-segment or F-segment.
Philtrum piercing
A philtrum piercing, nicknamed a medusa piercing, is an upper lip piercing placed in the philtrum, directly under the septum of the nose. It is typically pierced using a labret stud as jewelry, with the ball sitting outside the mouth in the dip of the top lip.

A variation of the philtrum piercing is a jestrum, where the piercing is placed vertically through the lip using a curved barbell so both beads are visible. The other variation is called double because it features two pierced spots in a line.

Labret
A labret is a form of body piercing. Taken literally, it is any type of adornment that is attached to the lip (labrum). However, the term usually refers to a piercing that is below the bottom lip, above the chin.  It is sometimes referred to as a "tongue pillar" or a "soul patch piercing".