hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sifting and winnowing
Sifting and winnowing is a metaphor for the academic pursuit of truth affiliated with the University of Wisconsin–Madison. It was coined by UW President Charles Kendall Adams in an 1894 final report from a committee exonerating economics professor Richard T. Ely of censurable charges from state education superintendent Oliver Elwin Wells. The phrase became a local byword for the tenet of academic freedom.

Charles Kendall Adams
Charles Kendall Adams (January 24, 1835 – July 26, 1902) was an American educator and historian. He served as the second president of Cornell University from 1885 until 1892, and as president of the University of Wisconsin from 1892 until 1901.  At Cornell he established a new law school, built a library, and appointed eminent research professors for the Ivy League school. At Wisconsin, he negotiated ever-increasing appropriations from the state legislature, especially for new buildings such as the library.  He was the editor-in-chief of Johnson's Universal Cyclopaedia (1892–1895), and of the successor Universal Cyclopaedia (1900), sometimes referred to as Appleton's Universal Cyclopaedia.
1997 Rose Bowl
The 1997 Rose Bowl was a postseason college football bowl game between the Arizona State Sun Devils of the Pacific-10 Conference and the Ohio State Buckeyes of the Big Ten Conference. The game was the 83rd edition of the annual Rose Bowl Game, held on New Year's Day in the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California. The game resulted in a dramatic 20–17 victory for the Buckeyes when Joe Germaine led a last-minute touchdown drive. Joe Germaine was named the Rose Bowl Player Of The Game. The loss remains infamous among Arizona State fans, as the loss cost them a chance at winning their only national championship. Had they won, they would have been the only undefeated team in the nation, and as a result, would have possibly given the Devils at least a share of the national championship.

Joe Germaine
Joseph Berton Germaine (born November 16, 1975) is an American former professional football quarterback who played in the National Football League (NFL) and the Arena Football League (AFL). He played college football for the Ohio State Buckeyes and was selected by the St. Louis Rams in the fourth round of the 1999 NFL draft.

Germaine earned a Super Bowl ring with the Rams in Super Bowl XXXIV. He was also a member of the Kansas City Chiefs, Cincinnati Bengals, San Diego Chargers, Utah Blaze and Arizona Rattlers.
Burmo-Qiangic languages
The Burmo-Qiangic or Eastern Tibeto-Burman languages are a proposed family of Sino-Tibetan languages spoken in Southwest China and Myanmar. It consists of the Lolo-Burmese and Qiangic branches, including the extinct Tangut language.

Ersuic languages
The Ersuic languages (Chinese: 尔苏, Ersu; also called Duoxu or Erhsu) are a Qiangic language cluster of the Sino-Tibetan language family. Ersu languages are spoken by about 20,000 people in China as reported by 
Sun (1982). Muya (alternatively Menia or Menya) is reported to be related, but it is not known how it fits in.

Ersuic speakers live in the western part of China's Sichuan province (several counties within the Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, and the prefecture-level city of Ya'an). Most of them are classified by the Chinese government as members of the Tibetan ethnic group, although some also are registered as Han Chinese. Older adults mostly use Ersu, but younger people also use Chinese or Yi.

The Ersu Shaba script of the shābā religious books is a pictographic system of proto-writing. The system, in which the color of the characters has an effect on the meaning, was inspired by Chinese writing and was created in the 11th century.
Savings stamp
A savings stamp is a stamp issued by a government or other body to enable small amounts of money to be saved over time to accumulate a larger capital sum. The funds accumulated may then be used to make a larger purchase such as taking out a savings bond or to pay a large upcoming bill. Often issued in conjunction with post-office-run savings banks, savings stamps have also been issued by private companies. Supermarkets have issued the stamps to enable the spreading of large bills, package holiday companies have used them to enable customers to save for an annual holiday, and utilities companies have used the stamps to enable customers to spread the cost of their bills.

Savings stamps are not to be confused with trading stamps which provide a discount on goods purchased as part of a customer loyalty program.

In philately, savings stamps are regarded as a form of Cinderella stamp.

Cinderella stamp
In philately, a cinderella stamp is a label that resembles a postage stamp, but which is not issued for postal purposes by a government administration. There is a wide variety of cinderella stamps, such as those printed for promotional use by businesses, churches, or political or non-profit groups. The term excludes imprinted stamps on postal stationery.
Qry
Qry, (born Patryk Lubaś March 12, 1999, in Jasło) is a Polish rapper and songwriter. He is a member of the bands Chillwagon and Trzech Króli.

He has collaborated with artists such as Borixon, Kizo, Smolasty, Żabson, and the group Ekipa. Throughout his career, he has released over 35 singles, with four achieving gold record status, and five platinum.

Smolasty
Norbert Smoliński (born 27 August 1995), known professionally as Smolasty, is a Polish rapper, singer and record producer, who creates R&B, pop, and rap music.

He has collaborated with performers such as: Ewa Farna, Kaz Bałagane, Otsochodzi, Białas, MIYO, Robert Gawliński, Malik Montana, ReTo, Chada, PlanBe, Young Multi, Mr. Polska, Oliwka Brazil or Frosti Regge.
Fitzloyd Walker
Fitzloyd 'Fitz' Dean Walker (born 7 March 1959) is a Jamaican-British retired wrestler and judoka, who represented Great Britain and England. In freestyle wrestling, he won medals at the Commonwealth Games and Commonwealth Championship, along with a record-setting fourteen British championships. In judo, he was a gold and bronze medallist at the British Judo Championships.

It was previously thought that Walker was the first black wrestler to represent Great Britain at the Olympics before the discovery of Louis Bruce, Britain's first black Olympian.

Louis Bruce
Louis Bruce (17 December 1875 – 31 March 1958) was a British wrestler and one of the first Black London tram drivers. He competed in the men's freestyle heavyweight at the 1908 Summer Olympics, the first Black British Olympian.
Carmen Boullosa
Carmen Boullosa (Latin American Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkaɾmem bowˈʝosa]; born September 4, 1954, in Mexico City, Mexico) is a Mexican poet, novelist and playwright. Her work focuses on the issues of feminism and gender roles within a Latin American context. It has been praised by a number of writers, including Carlos Fuentes, Alma Guillermoprieto, Roberto Bolaño and Elena Poniatowska, as well as publications such as Publishers Weekly.

Carlos Fuentes
Carlos Fuentes Macías (/ˈfwɛnteɪs/; Spanish: [ˈkaɾlos ˈfwentes] ⓘ; November 11, 1928 – May 15, 2012) was a Mexican novelist, essayist and ambassador to France. Among his works are The Death of Artemio Cruz (1962), Aura (1962), Terra Nostra (1975), The Old Gringo (1985) and Christopher Unborn (1987). In his obituary, The New York Times described Fuentes as "one of the most admired writers in the Spanish-speaking world" and an important influence on the Latin American Boom, the "explosion of Latin American literature in the 1960s and '70s", while The Guardian called him "Mexico's most celebrated novelist". His many literary honors include the Miguel de Cervantes Prize as well as Mexico's highest award, the Belisario Domínguez Medal of Honor (1999). He was often named as a likely candidate for the Nobel Prize in Literature, though he never won.
Modern Yazawin
Modern Yazawin (Burmese: မော်ဒန်ရာဇဝင် lit: Modern History) is a 2014 Burmese romantic comedy film starring Khant Sithu, Wai Lu Kyaw, Pyay Ti Oo, Khin Hlaing, Wutt Hmone Shwe Yi, Htun Eaindra Bo and Sandi Myint Lwin. The film theatrical released in Myanmar on July 18, 2014.

Htun Eaindra Bo
Htun Eaindra Bo (Burmese: ထွန်းအိန္ဒြာဗို, pronounced [tʰʊ́ɰ̃ ʔèiɰ̃dɹà bò]; also Htun Aeindra Bo; born 1 May 1966) is a three-time Myanmar Academy Award winning actress and singer. The Mogok native began her film career in 1991, and has achieved fame and success as an actor and singer. Now in her 50s, she is still a household name in Myanmar, especially for rural Myanmar and continues to make films and performs in concerts.
Wind Up Dancer
Wind Up Dancer (Burmese: လေဆန်ကြိုး) is a 2019 Burmese romantic-drama film, directed by Myo Myint Swe starring Daung, Yan Aung, Zin Wine, Aung Lay, Leo, Angel Lamung and Alice Ong. The film, produced by Jataka Film Production premiered in Myanmar on May 9, 2019.

Alice Ong
Alice Ong (Burmese: အဲလစ်အုန်း; Chinese: 翁如意; born Cho Cho on 8 August 1994) is a Burmese actress, model and beauty pageant title holder of Shan-Chinese descent. She gained popularity after starring in the 2018 film Dimensions which brought her wider recognition.
St. George's Syro-Malabar Forane Church, Edappally
St. George's Forane Church, locally known as Edapally Church (Malayalam: ഇടപ്പള്ളി പള്ളി) is a Syro Malabar Catholic pilgrimage church in Edapally, Kochi, India. It is considered as Asia's largest shrine dedicated to Saint George, about five million people visit it every year.

The church is thought to have been founded in 593 AD. It is regarded as one of the oldest churches in Kerala, after the seven churches founded by Thomas the Apostle in the first century AD. The church was originally dedicated to the Marth Mariam (Virgin Mary). In 1080, a new church was built adjacent to the old church. A nine-day festival is celebrated annually as part of the Feast of Saint George (23 April). The church, also a destination for non-Christians, attracts offerings of gold, chicken, and eggs.

Kottakkavu Mar Thoma Syro-Malabar Church, North Paravur
Kottakkavu Mar Thoma Syro-Malabar Pilgrim Church is a Syro-Malabar church located in North Paravur. According to Saint Thomas Christian tradition, the church was established in 52 AD by St. Thomas (Mar Thoma shleeha), one of the twelve apostles of Jesus Christ. It is one of the first churches in India and is called an Apostolic Church credited to the Apostolate of St. Thomas who preached and also started the conversion of people to Syriac Christianity here. It is one of the Ezharappallikal (seven and Ara ( Ara In malayalam Royal) churches - Total 8 Churches) that he established in India; the other Seven churches were established at Kodungalloor,  Kokkamangalam, Palayoor, Kollam, Niranam, Thiruvithamcode and Nilackal.
Benjamin Aborn Jackson House
The Benjamin Aborn Jackson House is an historic house at 115 Nayatt Road in Barrington, Rhode Island.  The 2+1⁄2-story brick house was designed by architect Norman M. Isham and completed in 1913 for Benjamin Aborn Jackson, a Rhode Island banking and railroad executive.  The house is a rare survivor of the development of Nayatt Point as a resort area.  The L-shaped building is set well back from Nayatt Road, and is not far from the Nayatt Point Light.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.

Nayatt Point Light
Nayatt Point Light is a historic lighthouse in Barrington, Rhode Island.

The current light was built of brick in 1856 and contains an 1828 keeper's house. The lighthouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.
London Liberal Democrats
The London Liberal Democrats are the regional party of the Liberal Democrats that operates in Greater London. The organisation is a part of the English Liberal Democrats. The party holds 6 of the 75 seats representing London in the House of Commons, 2 of the 25 seats in the London Assembly, and 182 of the 1,817 London borough councillors. Additionally, the party controls 3 of the 32 London borough councils.

London Assembly
The London Assembly is a 25-member elected body, part of the Greater London Authority, that scrutinises the activities of the mayor of London and has the power, with a two-thirds supermajority, to amend the mayor's annual budget and to reject the mayor's draft statutory strategies. The London Assembly was established in 2000. It is also able to investigate other issues of importance to Londoners, publish its findings and recommendations, and make proposals to the mayor.
Little Dead Rotting Hood
Little Dead Rotting Hood is a 2016 American horror film written by Gabriel Campisi and directed by Jared Cohn. It stars Eric Balfour, Bianca Santos, Romeo Miller, Patrick Muldoon, Heather Tom and Marina Sirtis.

The film is a mockbuster of the Warner Bros. romance horror film Red Riding Hood.

Marina Sirtis
Marina Sirtis (/ˈsɜːrtɪs/; born 29 March 1955) is a British-American actress. She is best known for her role as Counselor Deanna Troi on the television series Star Trek: The Next Generation and four Star Trek feature films, as well as other appearances in the Star Trek franchise.
2018 Copa Libertadores de Futsal
The 2018 Copa CONMEBOL Libertadores de Futsal was the 18th edition of the Copa Libertadores de Futsal, South America's premier club futsal tournament organized by CONMEBOL.

The tournament was held at Carlos Barbosa, Brazil, between 22 and 29 April 2018.

Defending champions Carlos Barbosa defeated Joinville in the final to win their fifth title. Sorocaba defeated Cerro Porteño to finish third.

Cerro Porteño
Club Cerro Porteño is a professional Paraguayan football club, based in the neighbourhood of Obrero in Asunción. Founded in 1912, Cerro has won 35 Primera División titles and is one of the most popular football clubs in Paraguay. Its president is Blas Reguera and the manager is Jorge Bava. Cerro Porteño plays the Paraguayan derby with its main rival Club Olimpia. They play their home games at the 45,000-seat General Pablo Rojas Stadium, also known as La Nueva Olla (The New Boiler), the biggest in the country. They have also never been relegated.
Brush-tailed mulgara
The brush-tailed mulgara (Dasycercus blythi) is a medium sized carnivorous Australian marsupial species. The species is sexually dimorphic with males being much larger than females. Their body length is 12 to 17 cm (4.7 to 6.7 in), and tail length is 6–10 cm (2.4–3.9 in). They store fat in their tail, which at times can be over 16 mm (0.63 in) wide at the base.

The taxonomy of mulgara species has been rather torturous. In 2006, the species names were decided as Dasycercus blythi and D. cristicauda (crest-tailed mulgara). However, a 2023 study decided that the scientific name of the crest-tailed mulgara should be resurrected from synonymy with D. cristicauda back to D. hillieri, and proposed three additional new species of mulgara.

Crest-tailed mulgara
The crest-tailed mulgara (D. cristicauda) is a small Australian carnivorous marsupial. It was previously recognised as a senior synonym of the ampurta (D. hillieri), but is now believed to be a separate extinct taxon. The same investigation also described the southern mulgara (D. archeri), and the northern mulgara (D. wolleyae), which were split from D. cristicauda. As a result of the taxonomic changes to this taxon, it is believed that D. cristicauda is now only known from subfossil specimens and the single live caught holotype specimen.

Kreft, 1867, first described the species as 'Chaetocercus cristicauda' in 1877 based on a single specimen collected from southern Australia.
Prionomyrmex
Prionomyrmex is an extinct genus of bulldog ants in the subfamily Myrmeciinae of the family Formicidae. It was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1868, after he collected a holotype worker of P. longiceps in Baltic amber. Three species are currently described, characterised by their long mandibles, slender bodies and large size. These ants are known from the Eocene and Late Oligocene, with fossil specimens only found around Europe. It is suggested that these ants preferred to live in jungles, with one species assumed to be an arboreal nesting species. These ants had a powerful stinger that was used to subdue prey. In 2000, it was suggested by Cesare Baroni Urbani that the living species Nothomyrmecia macrops and a species he described both belonged to Prionomyrmex, but this proposal has not been widely accepted by the entomological community. Instead, scientists still classify the two genera distinctive from each other, making Nothomyrmecia a valid genus.

Gustav Mayr
Gustav L. Mayr (12 October 1830 – 14 July 1908) was an Austrian entomologist and professor in Budapest and Vienna. He specialised in Hymenoptera, being particularly known for his studies of ants.

In 1868, he was the first to describe the Argentine ant. He is credited with naming the harvesting ant species, Aphaenogaster treatae, for naturalist Mary Davis Treat, in honor of her research on the species.
BMW X1 (E84)
The E84 BMW X1 is a subcompact crossover SUV/C-segment model was produced from 2009 to 2015. It is the first generation model of the BMW X1 range, and was replaced by the F48 BMW X1 in mid-2015. When launched, it was the smallest SUV in the BMW lineup.

BMW X1
The BMW X1 is a line of cars produced by German marque BMW since 2009. It is in the subcompact luxury crossover class, and the first-generation X1 was based on the E90 3 Series and offered rear-wheel drive layout as standard. At its introduction in 2009, it was positioned as the smallest SUV in BMW line-up, below the X3 prior to the launch of the smaller X2. The X1 essentially is aiming at a wider range of customers due to its smaller size, increased efficiency, and a lower price tag due to the all-wheel drive layout (xDrive) being optional.

The second-generation X1 marked the switch to a front-wheel-drive-based layout using the UKL2 platform shared with the BMW 2 Series Active Tourer and the Mini Countryman. Despite its name, it is now only the second smallest SUV produced by BMW since the introduction of the X2. The third and current generation was released in 2022.
Maireana marginata
Maireana marginata is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a prostrate to low-lying perennial herb with a woody root stock and slender branches, fleshy linear to narrowly oblong leaves, single flowers and a fleshy, barrel shaped fruiting perianth with a narrow wing.

Perianth
The perianth (perigonium, perigon or perigone in monocots) is the non-reproductive part of a flower. It is a structure consisting of the calyx (sepals) and the corolla (petals); in perigones it consists of the tepals. It forms an envelope surrounding the sexual organs,. The term perianth is derived from Greek περί (peri, "around") and άνθος (anthos, "flower"), while perigonium is derived from περί (peri) and γόνος (gonos, "seed, sex organs").
In the mosses and liverworts (Marchantiophyta), the perianth is the sterile (neither male nor female) tube-like tissue that surrounds the female reproductive structure or developing sporophyte.
Alfredo Pacheco
Alfredo Alberto Pacheco (1 December 1982 – 27 December 2015), nicknamed "El Chele", was a Salvadoran footballer who had the record for most appearances on the El Salvador national football team when he was banned for life in 2013, for match-fixing while playing for the national team. He was murdered in Santa Ana on 27 December 2015.

Santa Ana, El Salvador
Santa Ana (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈsanta ˈana]) is the second largest city in El Salvador, after the capital of San Salvador. It is located 64 kilometers northwest of San Salvador, the capital city. Santa Ana has approximately 250,760 (2024) inhabitants and serves both as the capital of the department of Santa Ana and as the municipal seat for the surrounding municipality of the same name.  For its administration the municipality is divided into 35 colonias (neighborhoods) and 318 small villages.

A major processing center for El Salvador's sizable coffee bean industry is located near Santa Ana.

Santa Ana has become a tourist destination, especially for tourists eager to learn about Salvadoran culture and traditions.

Currently, the mayor of Santa Ana is Gustavo Acevedo, from Nuevas Ideas.
Fiori rosa fiori di pesco
"Fiori rosa fiori di pesco" (lit. 'Pink Flowers, Peach Flowers') is a 1970 song composed by Lucio Battisti (music) and  Mogol (lyrics), arranged by Detto Mariano and performed by Lucio Battisti.

The song was composed back-to-back with Mina's "Insieme", and Battisti initially considered handing the song to her. A massive success, it won the  Festivalbar, marking the second victory in a row for Battisti following the 1969 win with "Acqua azzurra, acqua chiara".

Artists who covered the song include Mina, Marcella Bella, Formula 3, Cristiano De André.

Insieme (song)
"Insieme" (English: Together) is a song by Italian singer Mina, released by PDU in May 1970 as a lead single from her studio album ...quando tu mi spiavi in cima a un batticuore.... The song became one of Mina's most successful.
Benjamin Henshawe
Benjamin Henshawe (1585–1631) was a London merchant tailor and silkman who supplied fabrics and passementerie for costume and furnishings for the royal court. His widow, Anna Henshawe, continued in business with William Geere.

Baptist Hicks, 1st Viscount Campden
Baptist Hicks, 1st Viscount Campden (1551 – 18 October 1629) was an English cloth merchant and politician who sat in the House of Commons  between 1621 and 1628. King James I knighted Hicks in 1603 and in 1620 he was created a baronet.

He was MP for Tavistock in the House of Commons of 1621 and for Tewkesbury in the parliaments of 1624, 1625, 1626 and 1628. In 1628, he was elevated to the peerage as Baron Hicks, of Ilmington in the County of Warwick, and Viscount Campden, of Campden in the County of Gloucester, with remainder to his son-in-law, Edward Noel, husband of his daughter Juliana.
1999 Sri Lankan provincial council elections
The 1999 Sri Lankan provincial council election was held on 25 January 1999, 6 April 1999 and 10 June 1999 to elect members to seven provincial councils in Sri Lanka. No election was held in the eighth province, North Eastern, which had been governed directly by the national government since March 1990. The People's Alliance, which was in power nationally, won the majority of seats in two provinces (North Central and North Western). It was also able to form a majority administration in the other five provinces with the support of smaller parties such as the Ceylon Workers' Congress.

People's Alliance (Sri Lanka)
The People's Alliance (PA; Sinhala: පොදු ජන එක්සත් පෙරමුණ; Tamil: பொது ஜன முன்னணி) is a political alliance in Sri Lanka, founded by President Chandrika Kumaratunga in 1994. The alliance came to power following its victory in the general elections that year, ending 17 years of United National Party (UNP) rule.

The alliance was dissolved in favor of a new SLFP-led alliance in 2004. In 2025, the alliance saw a revival and contested in the local government elections that year.
SS Empire Conyngham
Empire Conyngham was a 1,408 GRT cargo ship that was built as Marie  in 1899 by Neptun AG, Rostock, Germany for German owners. A sale in 1923 saw her renamed Norburg. She was sold to Latvia in 1925 and renamed Gauja, serving until 1941 when she was captured by the Kriegsmarine in the Baltic Sea. In 1945, she was seized by the Allies, passed to the Ministry of War Transport (MoWT) and was renamed Empire Conyngham. In 1946, she was scuttled with a cargo of obsolete bombs.

Neptun Werft
Neptun Werft (German pronunciation: [ˈnɛptuːn ˌvɛːʁft] ⓘ; lit. 'Neptune Shipyard') is a German shipbuilding company in Rostock. Since 1997, it has been a subsidiary of Meyer Werft. As of 2026, the company specializes in building river cruise vessels.