hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
All the Way from Memphis (radio show)
All the Way from Memphis was a radio programme that aired from December 2004 to June 2006.  There were 12 half-hour episodes and it was broadcast on BBC Radio 4.  It was compiled, written and presented by James Walton, with team captains Tracey MacLeod, and Andrew Collins. Readings are by Beth Chalmers.

It was a pop music based quiz, with a similar format to Walton's The Write Stuff.

Since 2007, it was being repeated a number of times on BBC Radio 7 (now BBC Radio 4 Extra).

The following is a list of episodes, guest panellists and the broadcast details:

The Write Stuff
The Write Stuff, "Radio 4's game of literary correctness", was a lighthearted quiz about literature on BBC Radio 4, taking a humorous look at famous literary figures, which ran from 1998 to 2014. It was chaired and written by James Walton. The two teams were captained by novelist Sebastian Faulks and journalist John Walsh, with Beth Chalmers reading literary extracts.
Nayagaon, Punjab
Naya Gaon (Nawa Gaon or Nayagaon) is a small town and a Municipal council, formerly Nagar panchayat (Notified Area Committee) in the Majri Sub-Tehsil and Kharar Tehsil of District S.A.S. Nagar of Punjab State of India. Chandigarh borders Naya Gaon on two sides.
Pin code 160103

Mohali district
Mohali district, officially known as Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar district or SAS Nagar district, is one of the twenty three districts of Punjab, a state in north-west India. 
It was formed in April 2006 and is 18th district of Punjab, created next to Pathankot district. This district was carved out of areas falling in Ropar and Patiala District. It is situated next to the union territory of Chandigarh, Ambala and Panchkula districts of Haryana.

The district is officially named after Sahibzada Ajit Singh, the eldest son of Guru Gobind Singh.
Star Weekly (Indonesian magazine)
Star Weekly was an Indonesian language magazine published in Jakarta, Indonesia from 1946 to 1961. The magazine was an offshoot of the popular newspaper Keng Po and is considered to be a precursor to today's Kompas. Through its charismatic editor Petrus Kanisius Ojong it became a widely-respected forum for Chinese Indonesian intellectual discussion, cultural expression, and critical political coverage.

The magazine also printed pieces by a number of notable Indonesian writers of the early independence era, including Pramoedya Ananta Toer, Trisno Sumardjo, Ong Hok Ham, Suwarsih Djojopuspito, and Ajip Rosidi.

Kompas
Kompas (lit. 'Compass') is an Indonesian national newspaper published in Jakarta, founded on 28 June 1965. It is published by PT Kompas Media Nusantara, which is part of Kompas Gramedia Group. The paper's head office is located at the Kompas Multimedia Towers, Tanah Abang, Central Jakarta. It is considered Indonesia's newspaper of record.

The paper manages an online portal, kompas.id, which contains updated news and the digital subscription version of the paper, while Kompas Gramedia also manages another editorially separated portal, kompas.com. Kompas is one of two newspapers in Indonesia audited by the International Federation of Audit Bureau of Circulations.
R v Cunningham
Regina v. Cunningham (1957) is an English Court of Appeal ruling that clarified that indirect, not reasonably foreseeable consequences to a totally distinct, reprehensible, even "wicked" activity would not be considered "malicious" where that is set out as the mens rea for a particular offence. The level of mens rea, by statute, specifically needed to accompany "administration", which it was common ground that negligent release would amount to, of noxious gases.

The precedent value of the case has been applied to broadly analogous situations and rules where an enhanced mens rea is required for a particular class of offence to be proven.

Mens rea
In criminal law, mens rea (/ˈmɛnz ˈreɪə/; Law Latin for "guilty mind") is the mental state of a defendant who is accused of committing a crime. In common law jurisdictions, most crimes require proof both of mens rea and actus reus ("guilty act") before the defendant can be found guilty.
Schubertia
Schubertia  is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1810. It is native to South America.

The name Schubertia has been used three times in botany, with this genus in the Apocynaceae the only one retaining the name. Species names created using the other two homonyms have all been changed in accordance with international botanical custom (see below).

Species

Schubertia grandiflora Mart. - Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, Brazil, Peru

Schubertia morilloana Fontella - Minas Gerais, Bahia

Schubertia multiflora Mart. - Piauí, Bahia, Pernambuco

Schubertia schreiteri Descole & T. Mey. - Chuquisaca in Bolivia; Jujuy + Salta in Argentina

formerly included

moved to other genera (Araujia, Cryptomeria, Glyptostrobus, Harmsiopanax, Macroscepis, Matelea, Sequoia, Taxodium, Widdringtonia)

Macroscepis
Macroscepis   is a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1819. It is native to Latin America and the West Indies.

Species

formerly included

moved to Gonolobus, Matelea, Oxypetalum

Macroscepis dutrae now  Gonolobus dutrae

Macroscepis longiflora now  Matelea longiflora

Macroscepis retusa now  Oxypetalum retusum
Clouds of Smoke (1959 film)
Clouds of Smoke (Nubes de humo) is a 1959 Argentine musical (tango) comedy film directed and written by Enrique Carreras.
It stars tango singer Alberto Castillo, Mercedes Carreras, María Luisa Santés and Francisco Álvarez and was released on 14 May 1959. The film, Castillo's last, is dedicated to the memory of film director Manuel Romero.

Mercedes Carreras
Mercedes Carreras (born 22 September 1940) is an Argentine actress. She has appeared in thirty films and television shows since 1957. She won the award for Best Actress for her role in Crazy Women at the 10th Moscow International Film Festival.
Marcel the Shell with Shoes On (soundtrack)
Marcel the Shell with Shoes On (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is the score album composed by Disasterpeace to the 2021 film of the same name. The album was released on June 24, 2022 in digital formats by Lakeshore Records. It features 20 tracks from the original score, which plays in the film alongside several compositions from Hiroshi Yoshimura.

Hiroshi Yoshimura
Hiroshi Yoshimura (吉村弘, Yoshimura Hiroshi; 22 October 1940 – 23 October 2003) was a Japanese musician and composer. He is considered a pioneer of ambient music in Japan.  His music lies mostly in the minimalist genre of kankyō ongaku, or environment music—soft electronic melodies infused with the sounds of nature: babbling brooks, steady rain, and morning birds. However, not all Yoshimura's work included nature sounds. His album Green (1986) only contained them in the United States release, as they were excluded in the Japanese version.
Akaiwa
Akaiwa (赤磐市, Akaiwa-shi) is a city located in Okayama Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 March 2023, the city had an estimated population of 43,359 in 18809 households and a population density of 210 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 209.36 square kilometres (80.83 sq mi).

Okayama Prefecture
Okayama Prefecture (岡山県, Okayama-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [o.kaꜜ.ja.ma, o.ka.ja.maꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūgoku region of Honshu. Okayama Prefecture has a population of 1,815,165 (1 October 2025) and has a geographic area of 7,114 km2 (2,746 sq mi). Okayama Prefecture borders Tottori Prefecture to the north, Hyōgo Prefecture to the east, and Hiroshima Prefecture to the west.

Okayama is the capital and largest city of Okayama Prefecture, with other major cities including Kurashiki, Tsuyama, and Sōja. Okayama Prefecture's south is located on the Seto Inland Sea coast across from Kagawa Prefecture on the island of Shikoku, which are connected by the Great Seto Bridge, while the north is characterized by the Chūgoku Mountains.
Scamper (horse)
Gills Bay Boy (1977 – July 4, 2012), nicknamed "Scamper", was a ProRodeo Hall of Fame timed-event horse notable for his success in barrel racing.  His owner, Charmayne James, rode Scamper from 1984 to 1993 in the National Finals Rodeo (NFR). They won the Women's Professional Rodeo Association (WPRA) World Championship consecutively from 1984 through 1993. They won the NFR in 1984, 1986–87, 1989–90, and 1993.  He is also the recipient of the 1992 American Quarter Horse Association Silver Spur Award. Both Scamper and James won many other championships, awards, and honors. After being retired from competition after last competing in 1993, he was cloned six years later. The clone, nicknamed "Clayton", has been kept a stallion and stands at stud. Scamper died on July 4, 2012, at the age of 35.

Stallion
A stallion is an adult male horse that has not been gelded (castrated). Stallions follow the conformation and phenotype of their breed, but within that standard, the presence of hormones such as testosterone may give stallions a thicker, "cresty" neck, as well as a somewhat more muscular physique as compared to female horses, known as mares, and castrated males, called geldings.

Temperament varies widely based on genetics and training, but because of their instincts as herd animals, they may be prone to aggressive behavior, particularly toward other stallions, and thus require careful management by knowledgeable handlers. With proper training and management, stallions are effective equine athletes at the highest levels of many disciplines, including horse racing, horse shows, and international Olympic competition.

"Stallion" is also used to refer to males of other equids, including zebras and donkeys.
Arar v. Ashcroft
Arar v. Ashcroft, 585 F.3d 559 (2d Cir. 2009), was a lawsuit brought by Maher Arar against the United States and various U.S. officials pursuant to the Torture Victim Protection Act (TVPA), and the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York dismissed Arar's complaint due to lack of personal jurisdiction and national security and foreign policy considerations. This ruling was ultimately upheld by a divided en banc panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.

En banc
In law, an en banc (/ˌɑːn ˈbɑːŋk/; alternatively in banc, in banco or in bank; French: [ɑ̃ bɑ̃]) session is when all the judges of a court sit to hear a case, not just one judge or a smaller panel of judges.
For courts like the United States Courts of Appeals, in which each case is normally heard by a three-judge panel instead of the entire court, an en banc review is usually used for only very complex or important cases or when the court believes there is an especially significant issue at stake. En banc is a French phrase meaning "in bench." Convening an en banc court may enhance a court’s legitimacy by ensuring the quality and consistency of its case law and by signalling broad collective ownership of outcomes by all the court’s judges.
Centrist Union group
The Centrist Union (French: Union centriste, abbreviated UC) is a centrist parliamentary group in the Senate uniting members of the Union of Democrats and Independents (UDI) and Democratic Movement (MoDem), as well as the Centrist Alliance (AC), a former component of the UDI. The group was historically associated with the Popular Republican Movement (MRP) and later the Democratic Centre (CD), Centre of Social Democrats (CDS), and Union for French Democracy (UDF). Most recently, from 2012 to 2017, it was known as the Union of Democrats and Independents – UC group (French: groupe Union des démocrates et indépendants – UC, abbreviated UDI–UC).

Centrist Alliance
The Centrist Alliance (French: Alliance centriste) (AC) is a centrist political party in France.

It was founded in June 2009 by Jean Arthuis, a former member of the Union for French Democracy (UDF) and currently Member of European Parliament, where he also serves as chair of the Committee on Budgets.

The party is seen as a successor to Arthuis' Rally the Centrists (Rassembler les centristes) political association; its main tenet was to re-create the UDF, which was dissolved upon creation of the MoDem and the New Centre.
Storgrovtinden
Storgrovtinden is a mountain in Lom Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The 2,229-metre (7,313 ft) tall mountain is located in the Jotunheimen mountains within Jotunheimen National Park. The mountain sits about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southwest of the village of Fossbergom and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northeast of the village of Øvre Årdal. The mountain is surrounded by several other notable mountains including Galdhøe and Storgrovhøe to the northeast; Veslpiggen to the east; Galdhøpiggen, Keilhaus topp, and Storjuvtinden to the southeast; Skardstinden to the south; and Loftet to the southwest.

Loftet
Loftet is a mountain in Lom Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The 2,170-metre (7,120 ft) tall mountain is located in the Jotunheimen mountains just outside the Jotunheimen National Park. The mountain sits about 33 kilometres (21 mi) southwest of the village of Fossbergom and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northeast of the village of Øvre Årdal. The mountain is surrounded by several other notable mountains including Galdhøpiggen to the east; Skagsnebb and Sauhøe to the southeast; Storbreahøe to the south; and Veslfjelltinden, Veslbreatinden, and Storbreatinden to the south.
Mang Jose (film)
Mang Jose is a 2021 Philippine superhero comedy film written by Carl Joseph Papa and directed by Raynier Brizuela. It stars Janno Gibbs, Mikoy Morales, Bing Loyzaga, Jerald Napoles and Manilyn Reynes. The film is inspired by a Parokya ni Edgar song of the same title.

Manilyn Reynes
Manilyn Reynes-Manaloto (born Manilyn Villamor Reynes on April 27, 1972), is a Filipina actress, singer and television presenter. She is regarded as a Philippine pop culture icon and dubbed as the Star of All Decades. She has achieved mainstream success across film, music and television. She is currently an exclusive talent of GMA Network. She has received accolades from the FAMAS Awards, Awit Awards, and Metro Manila Film Festival.
She is the fourth actress with the most wins (3) at the PMPC Star Awards for TV in the "Best Comedy Actress" category.

Reynes was listed as Scream queen in Shake, Rattle & Roll film series her first scream in Aswang of Shake, Rattle & Roll II.
Constrictolumina planorbis
Constrictolumina planorbis is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. This pantropical lichen forms thin, whitish crusts on tree bark and is distinguished by its fruiting bodies that develop broad, shield-like extensions around their openings, giving them a distinctive flattened appearance. It has a wide distribution across tropical regions, being found in North America, the Caribbean, and the Pacific, where it grows in warm, humid environments.

Pantropical
A pantropical ("all tropics") distribution is one which covers tropical regions of both the Eastern and Western Hemispheres. Examples include caecilians, modern sirenians and the plant genera Acacia and Bacopa.

Neotropical is a zoogeographic term that covers a large part of the Americas, roughly from Mexico and the Caribbean southwards (including cold regions in southernmost South America).

Palaeotropical refers to geographical occurrence. For a distribution to be palaeotropical a taxon must occur in tropical regions in the Old World.

According to Takhtajan (1978), the following families have a pantropical distribution: Annonaceae, Hernandiaceae, Lauraceae, Piperaceae, Urticaceae, Dilleniaceae, Tetrameristaceae, Passifloraceae, Bombacaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Rhizophoraceae, Myrtaceae, Anacardiaceae, Sapindaceae, Malpighiaceae, Proteaceae, Bignoniaceae, Orchidaceae, and Arecaceae.
Jeep Grand Cherokee (WJ)
The Jeep Grand Cherokee (WJ) is the second generation of the Jeep Grand Cherokee sport utility vehicle. Unveiled in Detroit, Michigan, on June 16, 1998, production lasted until 2004 in the US, continuing in foreign markets until 2005. The WJ was completely overhauled from its ZJ predecessor and was renowned for its off-road capability. Jeep marketed the (WJ) as "the most capable SUV ever."

Jeep Grand Cherokee
The Jeep Grand Cherokee is a range of mid-sized sport utility vehicles produced by American manufacturer Jeep. At its introduction, while most SUVs were still manufactured with body-on-frame construction, the Grand Cherokee has used a unibody chassis from the start.
Dubius (fly)
Dubius is a genus of flies in the family Dolichopodidae, with seven species distributed in southern China and another five in the Neotropical realm. The genus name is from the Latin word dubius, referring to the variance of frons. The genus was first established by Wei Lian-Meng in 2012, including a group of species from the Neotropical realm previously placed in Chrysotus, as well as five newly described species from China. According to some researchers, all of the Neotropical species should be kept in Chrysotus, as their transfer to Dubius was unwarranted.

Chrysotus
Chrysotus is a genus of flies in the family Dolichopodidae. It is one of the largest genera in the subfamily Diaphorinae, with more than 460 species. However, the genus is probably paraphyletic, and possibly even polyphyletic, with respect to several related genera such as Achradocera, Falbouria and Lyroneurus.
Missouri Public Interest Research Group
Missouri Public Interest Research Group (MoPIRG) is a non-profit organization that is part of the state PIRG organizations.

MoPIRG began in March, 1971, after students at Saint Louis University heard a speech by Ralph Nader. Nader inspired the students to organize citizen action groups modeled after similar groups in Oregon and Minnesota. The Center for Student Action at Saint Louis University and the Missouri Public Action Council at Washington University in St. Louis lobbied to establish a public interest research organization funded by a small assessment added to student activities fees. Student referendums on both campuses supported the fee assessment. The two student groups combined their operations and formed MoPIRG.

Saint Louis University
Saint Louis University (SLU) is a private Jesuit research university in St. Louis, Missouri, United States. Founded in 1818 by Louis William Valentine DuBourg, it is the oldest university west of the Mississippi River and one of the oldest Jesuit universities in the United States. The university is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

In the 2023–2024 academic year, SLU had an enrollment of 15,204 students. The student body included 8,502 undergraduate students and 6,702 graduate students that represent all 50 states and 96 countries.  The university is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very High Spending and Doctorate Production".

For more than 50 years, the university has maintained the Saint Louis University Madrid Campus in Spain. SLU's athletic teams compete in the NCAA Division I as a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference.
Margin (economics)
Within economics, margin is a concept used to describe the current level of consumption or production of a goods or service.  Margin also encompasses various concepts within economics, denoted as marginal concepts, which are used to explain the specific change in the quantity of goods and services produced and consumed. These concepts are central to the economic theory of marginalism. This is a theory that states that economic decisions are made in reference to incremental units at the margin, and it further suggests that the decision on whether an individual or entity will obtain additional units of a good or service depends on the marginal utility of the product.

These marginal concepts are used to theorise various market behaviours and form the basis of price theory. It is a central idea within microeconomics and is used to predict the demand and supply of goods and services within an economy.

Marginalism
Marginalism is a theory of economics that attempts to explain the discrepancy in the value of goods and services by reference to their secondary, or marginal, utility. It states that the reason why the price of diamonds is higher than that of water, for example, owes to the greater additional satisfaction of the diamonds over the water. Thus, while the water has greater total utility, the diamond has greater marginal utility.

Although the central concept of marginalism is that of marginal utility, marginalists, following the lead of Alfred Marshall, drew upon the idea of marginal physical productivity in explanation of cost. The neoclassical tradition that emerged from British marginalism abandoned the concept of utility and gave marginal rates of substitution a more fundamental role in analysis. Marginalism is an integral part of mainstream economic theory.
Olmsted Park
Olmsted Park is a linear park in Boston and Brookline, Massachusetts, and a part of Boston's Emerald Necklace of connected parks and parkways.  Originally named Leverett Park, in 1900 it was renamed to honor its designer, Frederick Law Olmsted.

Olmsted Park can be roughly divided into two parts.  In the south, bordering Jamaica Pond, it includes athletic fields and three ponds: from the south, a small kettle pond called Ward's Pond, the tiny Willow Pond, and the much larger Leverett Pond.  The northern section of the park, above Route 9, is a narrow corridor through which the Muddy River flows on its way to the Charles River.  The northern edge of Olmsted Park connects to the Back Bay Fens and the western edge of the Mission Hill neighborhood.

Back Bay Fens
The Back Bay Fens, often simply referred to as "the Fens," is a parkland and urban wild in Boston, Massachusetts,  United States. It was established in 1879. Designed by Frederick Law Olmsted to serve as a link in the Emerald Necklace park system, the Fens gives its name to the Fenway-Kenmore neighborhood.
Charles Piguet
Charles E. Piguet (17 April 1859 – 24 September 1918) was a Swiss tutor. He tutored the sons of Nicholas I of Montenegro and served as the honorary consul of the Kingdom of Montenegro in Switzerland until 1918.

Nicholas I of Montenegro
Nikola I Petrović-Njegoš (Serbian Cyrillic: Никола I Петровић-Његош; 7 October [O.S. 25 September] 1841 – 1 March 1921) was the last monarch of Montenegro from 1860 to 1918, reigning as prince from 1860 to 1910 and as the country's first and only king from 1910 to 1918. His grandsons were kings Alexander I of Yugoslavia and Umberto II of Italy, among others.
Luis Méndez (sport shooter)
Luis Antonio Méndez Gómez (born 18 May 1959) is a Uruguayan sports shooter. He competed in the men's 10 metre air pistol event at the 2000 Summer Olympics. He won a gold, silver and bronze medal at the 1986 South American Games, then a silver medal at the 2006 edition.

1986 South American Games
The III South American Games (Spanish: Juegos Sudamericanos; Portuguese: Jogos Sul-Americanos) were a multi-sport event held in 1986 in Santiago, Chile, with some events in Concepción and Viña del Mar. The Games were organized by the South American Sports Organization (ODESUR) and were initially awarded to Brazil at its 1982 congress held in Rosario.  However, four months later, Brazil declined the offer.  Therefore, Guayaquil and Quito in Ecuador were chosen, but due to lack of government support the games were finally moved to Santiago, Chile.

An appraisal of the games and detailed medal lists were published
elsewhere,
emphasizing the results of the Argentinian teams. Torch lighter at the Estadio Nacional de Chile
was athlete Omar Aguilar.

Suriname had the first appearance at the games resulting in a total of 11 teams participating.