hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Figure-four (grappling hold)
A figure-four is a catch wrestling term for a joint-lock that resembles the number "4". A keylock or toe hold can be referred to as a figure-four hold, when it involves a figure-four formation with the legs or arms. If the figure-four involves grabbing the wrists with both hands, it is called a double wrist lock; known as kimura in MMA circles. A figure-four hold done with the legs around the neck and (usually) arm of an opponent is called figure-four (leg-)choke, better known as a triangle choke, and is a common submission in modern mixed martial arts, Submission wrestling and Brazilian jiu jitsu, and Catch wrestling. In addition to Lancashire, or catch-as-catch-can wrestling, the move was also found in jujutsu, and was thereafter incorporated into Judo. The leg figure-four choke is also part of Japanese martial arts, where it is known as Sankaku-Jime.

Submission wrestling
Submission wrestling, also known as submission fighting and submission grappling or simply grappling, is a martial art and combat sport that focuses on ground fighting and submission techniques. It is a hybrid discipline that incorporates elements of various martial arts such as various wrestling styles, judo, and Brazilian jiu-jitsu. Submission wrestling is practiced both as a competitive sport and as a training method for self-defence and mixed martial arts (MMA).
Sculptor Galaxy
The Sculptor Galaxy (also known as the Silver Coin Galaxy, Silver Dollar Galaxy, NGC 253, or Caldwell 65) is an intermediate spiral galaxy in the constellation Sculptor. The Sculptor Galaxy is a starburst galaxy, which means that it is currently undergoing a period of intense star formation.

Starburst galaxy
A starburst galaxy is one undergoing an exceptionally high rate of star formation, as compared to the long-term average rate of star formation in the galaxy, or the star formation rate observed in most other galaxies.

For example, the star formation rate of the Milky Way galaxy is approximately 3 M☉/yr, while starburst galaxies can experience star formation rates of 100 M☉/yr or more. While many main-sequence galaxies use up their molecular gas reservoir in 1-2 Gyr, the high rate of star formation in starbursts can deplete all of their star-forming material in scales of 0.1 Gyr - much shorter than the age of the galaxy. As such, the starburst nature of a galaxy is a phase, and one that typically occupies a brief period of a galaxy's evolution. The majority of starburst galaxies are in the midst of a merger or close encounter with another galaxy. Starburst galaxies include M82, NGC 4038/NGC 4039 (the Antennae Galaxies), and IC 10.
Aircraft lease
Aircraft leases are leases used by airlines and other aircraft operators. Airlines lease aircraft from other airlines or leasing companies for two main reasons: to operate aircraft without the financial burden of buying them, as well as to provide temporary increase in capacity. The industry has two main leasing types: wet-leasing, which is normally used for short-term leasing, and dry-leasing which is more normal for longer-term leases. The industry also uses combinations of wet and dry. For example, when the aircraft is wet-leased to establish new services, then as the airline's flight or cabin crews become trained, they can be switched to a dry lease. In some markets, there may also be hybrid models, such as with crew provided by lessees.

AerCap
AerCap Holdings N.V. is an Irish-American aviation leasing company headquartered in Dublin, Ireland, with offices around the world. AerCap is listed on the NYSE with the ticker 'AER'. It became the largest aviation leasing company in the world following the acquisition of ILFC in 2014, and GECAS from GE in 2021, for over $30 billion.

Its assets include 1,486 owned narrow-body aircraft and wide-body aircraft as of the end of Q3 2023, as well as cargo aircraft, aircraft engines, regional jets, and helicopters.
Following the closing of the GECAS transaction General Electric owned 45.4% of the company, but, after a series of secondary market sales in March and September 2023, sold its final stake in November 2023. The company is now fully owned by public shareholders, the largest of which was Wellington with 21 million shares at the end of September 2023.
Utah GLX
Utah GLX was a project aimed at creating a fully free and open-source basic hardware-accelerated 3D renderer using the OpenGL rendering API on Linux kernel-based operating systems. Utah GLX predates Direct Rendering Infrastructure, which is what is used as of 2014.

John Carmack worked on Utah GLX.

OpenGL
OpenGL (Open Graphics Library) is a cross-language, cross-platform application programming interface (API) for rendering 2D and 3D vector graphics. The API is typically used to interact with a graphics processing unit (GPU), to achieve hardware-accelerated rendering.

Silicon Graphics, Inc. (SGI) began developing OpenGL in 1991 and released it on June 30, 1992. It is used for a variety of applications, including computer-aided design (CAD), video games, scientific visualization, virtual reality, and flight simulation. Since 2006, OpenGL has been managed by the non-profit technology consortium Khronos Group.
Caroline Alessi
Caroline Alessi is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera Neighbours, played by Gillian Blakeney. She made her first appearance during the episode broadcast on 18 January 1990, alongside her twin sister Christina Alessi, played by Gillian's real-life twin, Gayle Blakeney. Both sisters reprised their roles in June 2019, and returned on 6 September.

Jim Robinson (Neighbours)
Jim Robinson is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera Neighbours, played by Alan Dale. Jim was created by Reg Watson as one of Neighbours' twelve original characters. He made his on-screen debut in the soap's first episode, which was broadcast on 18 March 1985. Jim was the patriarch of the Robinson family. Dale departed the show in 1993 after falling out with the producers and his character was killed off on 29 April 1993. Dale filmed some scenes for the serial in September 2018, which aired on 25 December 2018 and 25 March 2019.
Betsy Aidem
Betsy Aidem is an American actress.

Her film work includes The Bleeding House, See You in the Morning, A Vigilante, and Aeris. Her television work includes The High Life and The Americans, appearing in the latter in the episodes "Safe House" and "Covert War".

Her stage work includes Steel Magnolias and Five Women Wearing the Same Dress. She was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play for her performance in Prayer for the French Republic. In 2007, she was given an Obie Award for "sustained excellence of performance" for her work Off-Broadway.

Obie Award
The Obie Awards or Off-Broadway Theater Awards are annual awards given since 1956 by The Village Voice newspaper to theater artists and groups involved in off-Broadway and off-off-Broadway productions in New York City. Starting just after the 2014 ceremony, the American Theatre Wing became the joint presenter and administrative manager of the Obie Awards. The Obie Awards are considered off-Broadway's highest honor, similar to the Tony Awards for Broadway productions.
Arteriotomy
Arteriotomy (or arterotomy) is a medical term for an opening or cut of an artery wall. It is a common step in many vascular surgical procedures and operations. The corresponding term for an incision into a vein is a venotomy.

Either a transverse or a longitudinal incision can be made (with respect to the direction of the artery), depending on the situation. The incision is typically made with a scalpel and extended with surgical scissors.

Phlebotomy
Phlebotomy is the process of making a puncture in a vein, usually in the arm or hand, with a cannula for the purpose of drawing blood. The procedure itself is known as a venipuncture, which is also used for intravenous therapy. A person who performs a phlebotomy is called a phlebotomist, although most doctors, nurses, and other technicians can also carry out a phlebotomy. In contrast, phlebectomy is the removal of a vein.

Phlebotomies that are carried out in the treatment of some blood disorders are known as therapeutic phlebotomies. The average volume of whole blood drawn in a therapeutic phlebotomy to an adult is 1 unit (450–500 ml) weekly to once every several months, as needed.
St John's College, Morpeth
Christianity portal

St John's College, Morpeth, known colloquially as the "Poor Man's College, Armidale", was opened in Armidale in 1898 as a theological college to train clergy to serve in the Church of England in Australia. It moved to Morpeth in 1926 and closed in 2006.

Anglican Diocese of Newcastle (Australia)
The Anglican Diocese of Newcastle in Australia is a diocese of the Anglican Church of Australia. The diocese is located in the state of New South Wales. It is centred in the city of Newcastle and extends along the state's coast from Woy Woy to Laurieton and inland to Merriwa and Murrurundi.

The diocese was founded from the Diocese of Australia by letters patent of 25 June 1847. The cathedral church of the diocese is Christ Church Cathedral in Newcastle.

The diocesan bishop is the Bishop of Newcastle. On 25 November 2017, Peter Stuart, the assistant bishop at the time, was elected as the diocesan bishop. He was installed at Christ Church Cathedral on 2 February 2018.
Espinosa de los Caballeros
Espinosa de los Caballeros is a municipality located in the province of Ávila, Castile and León, Spain  Located northeast of the province of Avila, is in an agricultural landscape, bounded on the north by Arévalo, and close to Adanero.

Arévalo
Arévalo is a municipality of Spain belonging to the province of Ávila in the autonomous community of Castile and León. Lying on the northern Meseta at the confluence of the Adaja and the Arevalillo rivers, it is the most populous settlement of La Moraña.
ISO 3166-2:PN
ISO 3166-2:PN is the entry for the Pitcairn Islands in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

Currently no ISO 3166-2 codes are defined in the entry for the Pitcairn Islands. The territory has no defined subdivisions.

The Pitcairn Islands are officially assigned the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code PN.

ISO 3166
ISO 3166 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that defines codes for the names of countries, dependent territories, special areas of geographical interest, and their principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states). The official name of the standard is Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions.
Fish physiology
Fish physiology is the scientific study of how the component parts of fish function together in the living fish. It can be contrasted with fish anatomy, which is the study of the form or morphology of fishes. In practice, fish anatomy and physiology complement each other, the former dealing with the structure of a fish, its organs or component parts and how they are put together, such as might be observed on the dissecting table or under the microscope, and the latter dealing with how those components function together in the living fish.

Nurse shark
The nurse shark (Ginglymostoma cirratum) is an elasmobranch fish in the family Ginglymostomatidae. The conservation status of the nurse shark is globally assessed as Vulnerable in the IUCN List of Threatened Species. They are considered to be a species of least concern in the United States and in The Bahamas, but considered to be near threatened in the western Atlantic Ocean because of their vulnerable status in South America and reported threats throughout many areas of Central America and the Caribbean. They are directly targeted in some fisheries and considered by-catch in others.

Nurse sharks are an important species for shark research. They are robust and able to tolerate capture, handling, and tagging extremely well. As inoffensive as nurse sharks may appear, they are ranked fourth in documented shark bites on humans, likely due to incautious behavior by divers on account of the nurse shark's calm, sedentary nature.
Business process outsourcing in the Philippines
One of the most dynamic and fastest growing sectors in the Philippines is the information technology–business process outsourcing (IT-BPO) industry. The industry is composed of eight sub-sectors, namely, knowledge process outsourcing and back offices, animation, call centers, software development, game development, engineering design, and medical transcription. The IT-BPO industry plays a major role in the country's growth and development.

EchoStar
EchoStar Corporation is an American telecommunications company, specializing in satellite communication, wireless telecommunications, and internet services. Echostar also provides multichannel video programming and mobile services through its subsidiaries: Dish Network, Boost Mobile, Sling TV, EchoStar Mobile, and Hughes Network Systems.

Originally establishing the Dish Network brand name in 1996, EchoStar later acquired Dish as a wholly owned subsidiary in 2023. EchoStar was included on the Fortune 500 list in 2024, ranking #242.
Hòa Bình district
Hòa Bình (listenⓘ) was a district of Bạc Liêu province (Now Cà Mau province) in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam. It was established in 2007. The district's area was about 411.33 km2 and its population was about 102,063 people (2005).

Vĩnh Mỹ, Cà Mau
Vĩnh Mỹ  is a commune (xã) and village in Cà Mau Province, in south-western Vietnam.

On 16 June 2025, the Standing Committee of the National Assembly issued Resolution No. 1655/NQ-UBTVQH15 on the rearrangement of commune-level administrative units of Cà Mau Province in 2025 (the resolution takes effect from 16 June 2025). Accordingly, Vĩnh Mỹ Commune was established in Cà Mau Province on the basis of the entire 40.72 km² of natural area and a population of 15,558 people of Minh Diệu Commune, the entire 38.73 km² of natural area and a population of 17,939 people of Vĩnh Bình Commune, and the entire 36.33 km² of natural area and a population of 18,790 people of Vĩnh Mỹ B Commune, all formerly belonging to Hòa Bình District, Bạc Liêu Province.
1994 Pacific Curling Championships
The 1994 Pacific Curling Championships were held from December 6 to 8 at the Alpine Ice Sports Centre in Christchurch, New Zealand.

Australia won the men's event over Japan (it was the fourth Pacific title for the Australian men). On the women's side, Japan defeated Australia in the final (it was the third Pacific title for the Japanese women).

By virtue of winning, the Australian men's team and the Japanese women's team qualified for the 1995 World Men's and Women's Curling Championships in Brandon, Manitoba, Canada.

Pacific-Asia Curling Championships
The Pacific-Asia Curling Championships (formerly the Pacific Curling Championships) were an annual curling tournament, held every year in November or December. The event served as a qualified for the World Curling Championships. The Pacific-Asia Curling Championships consisted of teams from Australia, China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Japan, Kazakhstan, New Zealand, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and South Korea. At the 2018 WCF Congress it was announced that Nigeria would be the first African country accepted as member and would compete in the PAC zone beginning in 2019. Tournaments have been played in Canada, but Canada has never participated, since it is not part of the Pacific Zone.

The event was last held in 2021, and was replaced with the Pan Continental Curling Championships, which would include teams from the Americas as well.
Fort de Buade
Fort de Buade was a French fort in the present U.S. state of Michigan's Upper Peninsula across the Straits of Mackinac from the northern tip of lower Michigan's "mitten". It was garrisoned between 1683 and 1701. The city of St. Ignace developed at the site, which also had the historic St. Ignace Mission founded by Jesuits. The fort was named after New France's governor at the time, Louis de Buade de Frontenac.

St. Ignace Mission
The St. Ignace Mission (French: Mission Saint-Ignace) is located in a municipal park known as Marquette Mission Park.  It was the site of a mission established by Jesuit priest, Father Jacques Marquette, and the site of his grave in 1677. A second mission was established at a different site in 1837, and the chapel was moved here in 1954.  The second mission chapel is the oldest Catholic church in Michigan and Wisconsin.  The St. Ignace Mission was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1956, and was declared a U.S. National Historic Landmarks in 1960, one of the earliest sites recognized. The mission chapel serves as the Museum of Ojibwa Culture.
Carlos Bocanegra
Carlos Manuel Bocanegra (born May 25, 1979) is an American sports executive and former professional soccer player. A two-time MLS Defender of the Year, Bocanegra also played professionally in England, Scotland, France, and Spain. He earned over 100 caps with the United States, serving as captain for six years. He most recently served as technical director and vice president for Atlanta United.

Racing de Santander
Real Racing Club de Santander, S.A.D. (Spanish pronunciation: [reˈal ˈraθiŋ kluβ ðe santanˈdeɾ]), also known as Racing de Santander (pronounced [ˈraθin de santanˈdeɾ]) or simply Racing, is a football club based in Santander, Cantabria, Spain, that currently competes in Segunda División, the second tier of the Spanish league system. It was founded in 1913 and it holds home games at El Sardinero, with a capacity for 22,222 spectators. It is one of the ten founding clubs of La Liga.
Common scale-backed antbird
The common scale-backed antbird (Willisornis poecilinotus) is a species of passerine bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.

Jean Cabanis
Jean Louis Cabanis (8 March 1816 – 20 February 1906) was a German ornithologist. He worked at the bird collections of the Natural History Museum in Berlin becoming its first curator of birds in 1850. He founded the Journal für Ornithologie in 1853.
2023–24 SJHL season
The 2023–24 SJHL season was the 56th season of the Saskatchewan Junior Hockey League. The league championship Canterra Seeds Cup was awarded to the Melfort Mustangs, who went on to take 2nd place in the 2024 Centennial Cup national championship tournament in Oakville, Ontario.

2024 Centennial Cup
The 2024 Centennial Cup was the Canadian Junior Hockey League (CJHL) championship for the 2023–24 season won by the Collingwood Blues of the Ontario Junior Hockey League. It was the 52nd Canadian junior A ice hockey national championship and took place at the Sixteen Mile Sports Complex in Oakville, Ontario from May 9 to 19, 2024. The competition included all nine CJHL champions and hosts the Oakville Blades.
Philoxenus (crater)
Philoxenus is a crater on Mercury. Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in 1976. Philoxenus is named for Greek lyric poet Philoxenus of Cythera.

A prominent but unnamed catena trends northeast from near the south rim of Philoxenus.  The small crater Waters is east of Philoxenus.

Waters (crater)
Waters is a crater on Mercury.  Its name was adopted by the IAU in 2012, after the American musician McKinley Morganfield, better known as Muddy Waters.

The crater has a bright ray system, as well as an unusual dark flow-feature associated with the southern rim.  The flow-feature is interpreted as impact melt.

Waters crater with the flow-feature

Enhanced-color image also from MESSENGER
Bestla
Bestla (Old Norse: [ˈbestlɑ]) is a jötunn in Norse mythology, and the mother of the gods Odin, Vili and Vé (by way of Borr). She is also the sister of an unnamed man who assisted Odin, and the daughter (or granddaughter depending on the source) of the jötunn Bölþorn. Odin is frequently called "Bestla's son" in both skaldic verses and the Poetic Edda.

Bestla is attested in the Poetic Edda, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, the Prose Edda, written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson, and in the poetry of skalds. Scholars have commented on the obscurity of the figure's name and have proposed various theories to explain the role and origin of the giantess.

John Lindow
John Frederick Lindow (born July 23, 1946) is an American philologist who is Professor Emeritus of Old Norse and Folklore at University of California, Berkeley. He is a well known authority on Old Norse religion and literature.
Dimitris Saravakos
Dimitris Saravakos (Greek: Δημήτρης Σαραβάκος; born 26 July 1961), nicknamed "the Kid" (Greek: "ο Μικρός"), is a Greek former professional footballer who played as a forward. Saravakos is widely considered to be one of the greatest Greek footballers of all time and a Panathinaikos legend. The IFFHS chose him in the best XI of all time of Greek football in 2021.

Greek Football Super Cup
The Greek Football Super Cup (Greek: Σούπερ Καπ Ελλάδος Ποδοσφαίρου), formerly known as Friendship and Solidarity Cup (Greek: Κύπελλο Φιλίας και Αλληλεγγύης) and now officially known as Betsson Super Cup (Greek: Betsson Σούπερ Καπ) for sponsorship reasons  is a Greek association football one-match competition, which is contested annually between the champions of the previous Super League Greece season and the holders of the Greek Cup.
Palliser Range
The Palliser Range is a mountain range of the Canadian Rockies that lies in the extreme southeast corner of Banff National Park, Alberta, Canada.

The Palliser Range is part of the East Banff Ranges of the Central Front Canadian Rockies.

Lake Minnewanka marks the southern boundary of the range while the Bare Range marks the northern boundary. Its eastern reaches are marked by the Black Rock Mountain of the Ghost River Area. The range was named by the Palliser expedition as it appears on one of the maps produced by the expedition. The range gives the name to the Palliser Formation, a stratigraphical unit prominently featured in the mountains of this range.

Bare Range
The Bare Range  is a mountain range of the Canadian Rockies, located south of the Red Deer River valley in Banff National Park, Canada. The range is named for the "bareness" of or lack of trees on the gentle slopes of the range.

This range includes the following mountains and peaks:
Magni Grenivík
Magni Grenivík is an Icelandic sports club from the village of Grenivík, in northern-central Iceland, mainly known for its football team. The club's football team currently plays in the second tier of Icelandic football also known as Inkasso-deild karla. Magni was founded in 1915 by Magnús Björnsson, making it one of the oldest teams in Icelandic football history.

2. deild karla
2. deild karla (transl. Men's Second Division) is a football league in Iceland. It is the third division in the Icelandic football league system. The current champions are Afturelding from Mosfellsbær, who won their 1st title in 2018.

The division was started in 1966 as third division with two provisional groups, with number of teams varying from 7 to 10 teams in each group. In 1987 it was decided to merge the two groups to form a single nationwide league with 10 teams so at the end of the 1987 season only three teams from each group would stay in the league, the top teams in each group were promoted, all other teams relegated to the 4th division and two teams promoted from the 4th division. In 1997 after a name change, the division became Second division.

In 2008, as a part of a general change in Icelandic football, the number of teams was increased from 10 to 12.