hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mongols MC criminal allegations and incidents
The Mongols Motorcycle Club is considered a motorcycle gang by law enforcement and intelligence agencies in various countries internationally. Mongols members have a long history in the illegal drugs trade (especially methamphetamine), money laundering, robbery, extortion, firearms violations, murder, and assault, among other crimes. However, senior Mongols members as well as attorneys for the club deny that the group as a whole is a criminal enterprise and claim that the Mongols' bylaws prohibit criminals and drug users from being members.

Nazi Lowriders
The Nazi Lowriders, also known as NLR or the Ride, are a neo-Nazi, white supremacist organized crime syndicate, and prison and street gang in the United States. Primarily based in Southern California, the gang is allied with the larger Aryan Brotherhood and Mexican Mafia gangs, and fellow peckerwood gang Public Enemy No. 1. The Nazi Lowriders operate both in and outside of prison.
Kengoshizuka Kofun
Kengoshizuka Kofun (牽牛子塚古墳)  is a Kofun period burial mound, located in the Koshi neighborhood of the village of Asuka, Nara in the Kansai region of Japan.  The tumulus was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1923, with the area under protection expanded in 2014 and again in 2015, together with the nearby Koshitsukagomon Kofun (越塚御門古墳墳). It is most likely the tomb for Empress Saimei (also known as Empress Kōgyoku) the 35th and 37th monarch of Japan, and her daughter, Princess Hashihito. The tumulus is also called the "Asagao Kofun" from an alternative reading of the kanji in its name.

Asuka, Nara
Asuka (明日香村, Asuka-mura) is a village located in Takaichi District, Nara Prefecture, Japan. As of April 1, 2017, the village has an estimated population of 5,681, with 2,170 households, and a population density of 240 inhabitants per square mile (93/km2). The total area is 24.08 km2 (9.30 sq mi).

Asuka is the land where ancient Asuka (飛鳥) palaces were located. There are strict rules governing construction in this historic town.

Asuka can be reached from Okadera or Asuka Station on Kintetsu Yoshino Line train line. Although it's outside Asuka, Kashiharajingū-mae Station in neighboring Kashihara has service on the Kintetsu Kashihara Line, Minami Osaka Line and Yoshino Lines. By car, Asuka is on Route 169.
Chinatown, Adelaide
Chinatown in Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, also called Adelaide Chinatown (Chinese: 阿德雷得唐人街) or Moonta Street Chinatown, is located on Moonta Street, within the large Adelaide Central Markets precinct between Grote and Gouger streets in the Adelaide city centre. Two large Paifang, which were erected by the city council, are guarded by the Chinese guardian lions. They mark the entrances at either end. Adelaide Chinatown consists mainly of Chinese restaurants, grocery stores and markets but also consists of many non-Chinese Asian restaurants offering cuisines of Indian, Japanese, Korean, Malaysian, Nepali, Thai and Vietnamese origins.

Adelaide Central Market
The Adelaide Central Market is a major fresh produce market in Adelaide, South Australia. As one of the oldest markets in Australia, Adelaide Central Market has a large range of fresh food, including fruit and vegetables, meat and poultry, seafood, cheeses, baked goods, small goods, and health foods, along with several cafés and eateries. Currently, approximately one million kilograms of fresh produce are delivered to the market and sold every month. It is a popular tourist attraction in the city, with more than 8.5 million visitors every year. It is also referred to simply as the Central Market. A $400 million redevelopment of the adjacent Central Market Arcade was approved in January 2021, which will include a mixed-use 35-storey building comprising offices, residential apartments and a hotel.
Arrondissements of the Meurthe-et-Moselle department
The 4 arrondissements of the Meurthe-et-Moselle department are:

Arrondissement of Lunéville (subprefecture: Lunéville), with 162 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 74,722 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Nancy (prefecture of the Meurthe-et-Moselle department: Nancy), with 196 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 427,697 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Toul (subprefecture: Toul), with 118 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 65,665 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Val-de-Briey (subprefecture: Val de Briey), with 115 communes.  The population of the arrondissement was 164,402 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Lunéville
The arrondissement of Lunéville is an arrondissement of France in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department in the Grand Est region. It has 162 communes. Its population is 74,722 (2021), and its area is 1,438.1 km2 (555.3 sq mi).
INGKA Holding
INGKA Holding B.V. is the holding company controlled by the Swedish Kamprad family. Based in Leiden, Netherlands, it is the largest IKEA franchisee holding company and controls 367 stores of the 422 of IKEA in 2018. The company is fully owned by the Stichting INGKA Foundation. INGKA is named after Ingvar Kamprad, its Swedish founder.

Inter IKEA Holding
Inter IKEA Holding B.V. is the holding company of Inter IKEA Group. Registered in the Netherlands, and ultimately owned by Inter IKEA Foundation, it owns the company Inter IKEA Systems and thereby controls the intellectual property of IKEA. It is also in charge of design, manufacturing and supply of IKEA products.
Shattered set
A class of sets is said to shatter another set if it is possible to "pick out" any element of that set using intersection. The concept of shattered sets plays an important role in Vapnik–Chervonenkis theory, also known as VC-theory. Shattering and VC-theory are used in the study of empirical processes as well as in statistical computational learning theory.

Empirical process
In probability theory, an empirical process is a stochastic process that characterizes the deviation of the empirical distribution function from its expectation.
In mean field theory, limit theorems (as the number of objects becomes large) are considered and generalise the central limit theorem for empirical measures. Applications of the theory of empirical processes arise in non-parametric statistics.
Randfontein (House of Assembly of South Africa constituency)
Randfontein was a constituency in the Transvaal Province of South Africa, which existed from 1915 to 1920 and again from 1948 to 1994. It covered a part of the West Rand centred on the town of Randfontein. Throughout its existence it elected one member to the House of Assembly and one to the Transvaal Provincial Council.

Transvaal (province)
The Province of Transvaal (Afrikaans: Provinsie van Transvaal), commonly referred to as the Transvaal (/ˈtrɑːnsvɑːl, ˈtræns-/; Afrikaans: [transˈfɑːl]), was a province of South Africa from 1910 until 1994, when a new constitution subdivided it following the end of apartheid. The name "Transvaal" is from the Latin prefix trans, which means across from, or on the other side. Hence, Transvaal refers to the province's geographical location to the north of the Vaal River. Its capital was Pretoria, which was also the country's executive capital.
National Advisory Group on Immunization
The National Advisory Group on Immunization (NAGI), in South Africa, established in 1993 advises the National Department of Health on issues pertinent to vaccination and infectious diseases. It makes recommendations on vaccine formulations and vaccination schedules.

Department of Health (South Africa)
The Department of Health is the executive department of the national government that is assigned to oversee healthcare in South Africa, reporting to the Minister of Health.

The Office for Health Standards and Compliance was established in 2014.
2013 Setanta Sports Cup final
The 2013 Setanta Sports Cup final was the final match of the 2013 Setanta Sports Cup, an all-Ireland association football competition. The match took place on 11 May 2013 in Tallaght Stadium, home of one of the participating teams, Shamrock Rovers. Drogheda United were the other side to contest the final. Shamrock Rovers won the match 7–1 to win their first trophy under manager Trevor Croly.

2013 Setanta Sports Cup
The 2013 Setanta Sports Cup was the eighth staging of the Setanta Sports Cup, an annual football competition featuring clubs from Northern Ireland and Republic of Ireland. It commenced on 11 February 2013 and ended on 11 May 2013 with the final played at the Tallaght Stadium, Dublin.

Crusaders were the defending champions, after they defeated Derry City 5–4 on penalties in the 2012 final, when the match ended 2–2 after extra time. However, this season they went out 4–1 on aggregate in the quarter-finals to Cork City. Shamrock Rovers were the eventual winners for the second time overall, following a comfortable 7–1 win over Drogheda United in the final. This season's competition was notable for the fact that all four semi-finalists represented the Republic of Ireland. It was also the sixth time in the eight competitions played thus far that the winner had been a League of Ireland club.
Node (autonomous system)
The behaviour of a linear autonomous system around a critical point is a node if the following conditions are satisfied:

Each path converges to or away from the critical point (dependent of the underlying equation) as  (or as ). Furthermore, each path approaches the point asymptotically through a line.

Autonomous system (mathematics)
In mathematics, an autonomous system or autonomous differential equation is a system of ordinary differential equations which does not explicitly depend on the independent variable. When the variable is time, they are also called time-invariant systems.

Many laws in physics, where the independent variable is usually assumed to be time, are expressed as autonomous systems because it is assumed the laws of nature which hold now are identical to those for any point in the past or future.
Nobuhiko Obayashi
Nobuhiko Obayashi (大林 宣彦, Ōbayashi Nobuhiko; 9 January 1938 – 10 April 2020) was a Japanese director, screenwriter and editor of films and television advertisements. He began his filmmaking career as a pioneer of Japanese experimental films before transitioning to directing more mainstream media, and his resulting filmography as a director spanned almost 60 years. He is best known as the director of the 1977 horror film House, which has garnered a cult following. He was notable for his distinct surreal filmmaking style, as well as the anti-war themes commonly embedded in his films.

8 mm film
8 mm film is a motion picture film format in which the film strip is eight millimetres (0.31 in) wide. It exists in two main versions – the original standard 8 mm film, also known as regular 8 mm, and Super 8. Although both standard 8 mm and Super 8 are 8 mm wide, Super 8 has a larger image area because of its smaller and more widely spaced perforations.

There are also two other varieties of Super 8 – Single 8 mm and Straight-8 – that require different cameras but produce a final film with the same dimensions.
1961–62 Football League Cup
The 1961–62 Football League Cup was the second season of the Football League Cup, a knockout competition for England's top 92 football clubs; only 82 of them took part. The competition began on 11 September 1961, and ended with the two-legged final on 26 April and 1 May 1962.

Aston Villa unsuccessfully defended its 1962 title on 21 November 1961 at the Third Round Ties against Ipswich Town, 2–3.

Norwich City beat Rochdale 4–0 on aggregate over two legs. Norwich won the first leg 3–0 away at Spotland, thanks to goals from Derrick Lythgoe (2) and Punton. In the second leg at Carrow Road, Jimmy Hill scored to give Norwich a 1–0 win on the night and a 4–0 aggregate victory. Rochdale were then playing in the old Fourth Division; this is one of only two occasions where a fourth-tier side reached the final, the other being Bradford City in 2012–13.

Match dates and results were initially drawn from Soccerbase, and they were later checked against Rothmans Football Yearbook 1970–71.

2012–13 Football League Cup
The 2012–13 Football League Cup (known as the Capital One Cup for sponsorship reasons) was the 53rd season of the Football League Cup, a knock-out competition for the top 92 football clubs played in English football league system. Liverpool were the defending champions, having beaten Cardiff City in the 2012 final. They were knocked out in the fourth round by Swansea City.

The final was won by Swansea by 5–0 against Bradford City at Wembley Stadium on 24 February 2013. Bradford were the first team from the fourth tier of English football to appear in a League Cup final since 1962. Swansea was the first Welsh club to win the League Cup and the first Welsh club to win an English club competition since Cardiff City's 1926–27 FA Cup triumph. Swansea qualified for the third qualifying round of the 2013–14 UEFA Europa League through England's berth by winning the cup.
Craig interpolation
In mathematical logic, Craig's interpolation theorem is a result about the relationship between different logical theories. Roughly stated, the theorem says that if a formula φ implies a formula ψ, and the two have at least one atomic variable symbol in common, then there is a formula ρ, called an interpolant, such that every non-logical symbol in ρ occurs both in φ and ψ, φ implies ρ, and ρ implies ψ. The theorem was first proved for first-order logic by William Craig in 1957. Variants of the theorem hold for other logics, such as propositional logic. A stronger form of Craig's interpolation theorem for first-order logic was proved by Roger Lyndon in 1959; the overall result is sometimes called the Craig–Lyndon theorem.

Proof theory
Proof theory is a major branch of mathematical logic and theoretical computer science within which proofs are treated as formal mathematical objects, facilitating their analysis by mathematical techniques. Proofs are typically presented as inductively defined data structures such as lists, boxed lists, or trees, which are constructed according to the axioms and rules of inference of a given logical system. Consequently, proof theory is syntactic in nature, in contrast to model theory, which is semantic in nature.

Some of the major areas of proof theory include structural proof theory, ordinal analysis, provability logic, proof-theoretic semantics, reverse mathematics, proof mining, automated theorem proving, and proof complexity. Much research also focuses on applications in computer science, linguistics, and philosophy.
Ariadne (poem)
Ariadne (1932) is a short epic or long narrative poem of 3,300 lines, by the British poet F. L. Lucas. It tells the story of Theseus and Ariadne, with details drawn from various sources and original touches based on modern psychology. It was Lucas's longest poem. His other epic reworking of myth was Gilgamesh, King of Erech (1948).

Ariadne
In Greek mythology, Ariadne (/ˌæriˈædni/ ⓘ; Ancient Greek: Ἀριάδνη; Latin: Ariadne) was a Cretan princess, the daughter of King Minos of Crete. There are variations of Ariadne's myth, but she is known for helping Theseus escape from the Minotaur and being abandoned by him (or herself dying) on the island of Naxos. There, Dionysus saw Ariadne sleeping, fell in love with her, and later married her. Many versions of the myth recount Dionysus throwing Ariadne's jeweled crown into the sky to create a constellation, the Corona Borealis.

Ariadne is associated with mazes and labyrinths because of her involvement in the myths of Theseus and the Minotaur.

There were also festivals held in Cyprus and Naxos in Ariadne's honor.
Computational neurogenetic modeling
Computational neurogenetic modeling (CNGM) is concerned with the study and development of dynamic neuronal models for modeling brain functions with respect to genes and dynamic interactions between genes. These include neural network models and their integration with gene network models. This area brings together knowledge from various scientific disciplines, such as computer and information science, neuroscience and cognitive science, genetics and molecular biology, as well as engineering.

Evolving classification function
Evolving classification functions (ECF), evolving classifier functions or evolving classifiers are used for classifying and clustering in the field of machine learning and artificial intelligence, typically employed for data stream mining tasks in dynamic and changing environments.
Alton National Cemetery
Alton National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located in the city of Alton, in Madison County, Illinois. Administered by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, it encompasses only half an acre plot of land, and as of the end of 2005, had 522 interments. It is maintained by the Jefferson Barracks National Cemetery, in St. Louis, Missouri.

Jefferson Barracks National Cemetery
Jefferson Barracks National Cemetery is an American military cemetery located in St. Louis County, Missouri, just on the banks of the Mississippi River. The cemetery was established after the American Civil War in an attempt to put together a formal network of military cemeteries. It started as the Jefferson Barracks Military Post Cemetery in 1826 and became a United States National Cemetery in 1866.

The first known burial was Elizabeth Ann Lash, the infant child of an officer stationed at Jefferson Barracks.

The cemetery is administered by the Department of Veterans Affairs on the former site of Jefferson Barracks. It covers 331 acres (134 ha) and the number of interments as of 2021 is approximately 237,000. The cemetery is listed in the National Register of Historic Places.
Torres Strait Islander flag
The Torres Strait Islander flag is the official flag of the Torres Strait Islanders, an Indigenous people of Australia. It was designed in 1992 by Bernard Namok, who won a local competition held by the Islands Coordinating Council.

It was formally presented to the Torres Strait Islander people on 29 May 1992 at the Torres Strait Cultural Festival. The next month, the flag was recognised by the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission in June 1992. It was granted official status in 1995 under the Flags Act 1953, alongside the Australian Aboriginal flag.

Saibai Island
Saibai Island, commonly called Saibai (Kala Lagaw Ya: Saybay, Saibai, Saibe), is an island of the Torres Strait Islands archipelago, located in the Torres Strait of Queensland, Australia. The island is situated north of the Australian mainland and south of the island of New Guinea. The island is a locality within the Torres Strait Island Region local government area. The town of Saibai is located on the north-west coast of the island.

Most of the island is held under native title, apart from some government infrastructure and historic buildings.

In the 2021 census, Saibai Island had a population of 340 people.
1994 African Men's Handball Championship
The 1994 African Men's Handball Championship was the eleventh edition of the African Men's Handball Championship, held in Tunis, Tunisia, from 5 to 24 November 1994. It acted as the African qualifying tournament for the 1995 World Championship in Iceland.

Tunisia win their fourth title beating Algeria in the final game 18–16.

African Men's Handball Championship
The African Handball Nations Championship is the official competition for senior national handball teams of Africa, and takes place every two years. In addition to crowning the African champions, the tournament also serves as a qualifying tournament for the Olympic Games and for World Handball Championship. Started in 1974, it is the oldest continental handball competition. The current champions are Egypt, who won the 2026 tournament in Rwanda.

Only three countries have won the tournament. Tunisia, winner of the first edition, has won the title a record ten times tied with Egypt (ten titles), and Algeria, with seven titles, are the only two other teams to have won the competition.

Both Morocco and Algeria were banned from hosting the African Handball Championship in 2022 and 2024, Egypt were chosen to host the tournaments instead.
Karbovanets
The Karbovanets (Ukrainian: карбованець, romanized: karbovanets', plural: карбованці, karbovantsi for 2–4, or карбованців, karbovantsiv for 5 or more), also colloquially known as kupon (купон, plural: купони, kupony) or coupon from the banknote printing, is a former unit of currency in Ukraine in four separate periods of the 20th century. It is also a predecessor currency of today's Ukrainian hryvnia. The karbovanets was subdivided into one hundred kopiykas, but no denominations in kopiykas were ever issued, owing to inflation.

In the ISO 4217 standard, the official name is listed as either misspelled as karbovanet or correctly spelled as karbovanets likewise to the English version of the National Bank of Ukraine's website refers to it as Karbovanets. The ISO 4217 standard code for the currency is UAK.

Kamianets-Podilskyi
Kamianets-Podilskyi (Ukrainian: Кам'янець-Подільський, IPA: [kɐmjɐˈnɛtsʲ poˈd⁽ʲ⁾ilʲsʲkɪj] ⓘ; Polish: Kamieniec Podolski) is a city on the Smotrych River in western Ukraine, to the north-east of Chernivtsi. Formerly the administrative center of Khmelnytskyi Oblast, the city is now the administrative center of Kamianets-Podilskyi Raion within the oblast. It hosts the administration of Kamianets-Podilskyi urban hromada.

Kamianets-Podilskyi is a historical center of Podillia region, serving as a capital of the Duchy of Podolia, Podolian Voivodeship, Podolia Eyalet, Podolia Governorate, and Podolian District. During the Ukrainian–Soviet War, the city officially served as the temporary capital of the Ukrainian People's Republic from 1919 to 1920.
Rich Camarillo
Richard Jon Camarillo (born November 29, 1959) is an American former professional football player who was a punter for 16 seasons in the National Football League (NFL) for the New England Patriots (1981–1987), Los Angeles Rams (1988), Phoenix Cardinals (1989–1993), Houston Oilers (1994–1995), and Oakland Raiders (1996).

He played college football for the Cerritos Falcons, where he earned All-American honors. He then transferred and played for the Washington Huskies (1979–1980), where he was selected as a member of the Huskies All-Century team.

Punter (gridiron football)
A punter in gridiron football is a special teams player who receives the snapped ball directly from the line of scrimmage and then punts (kicks) the football to the opposing team so as to limit any field position advantage. This generally happens on a fourth down in American football and a third down in Canadian football. Punters may also occasionally take part in fake punts in those same situations, when they throw or run the football to get a first down instead of punting.
Powdery mildew (oaks)
Oaks (plants in the genus Quercus) have likely been hosts of powdery mildews since the pathogens first evolved in the Late Cretaceous. As a result, there is a very high diversity of powdery mildews on these hosts, with human trade in the host plant ensuring powdery mildew on oak can be found on every continent bar Antarctica.

Quercus chrysolepis
Quercus chrysolepis, commonly termed canyon live oak, canyon oak, golden cup oak or maul oak, is a North American species of evergreen oak. Its leaves are a glossy dark green on the upper surface with prominent spines; a further identification arises from the leaves of canyon live oak being geometrically flat.

The species is found in Mexico and in the western United States, notably in the California Coast Ranges. It is often found near creeks and drainage swales growing in moist cool microhabitats.