hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Euphrates Crossing offensive (2017)
The 2017 Euphrates Crossing offensive was a military offensive launched by the Syrian Arab Army against members of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) in the Deir ez-Zor Governorate, following the breaking of the three-year siege of the city of Deir ez-Zor. The Euphrates Crossing offensive, conducted by government troops, was done with the aim of denying US-backed Syrian Democratic Forces and the US itself leverage over the Syrian government.

The offensive was concurrent with the two SDF offensives, the Battle of Raqqa and the northern Deir ez-Zor offensive, as well the Hawija Offensive in Iraq.

Deir ez-Zor
Deir ez-Zor (Arabic: دَيْرُ ٱلزَّوْرِ / دَيْرُ ٱلزُّور, romanized: Dayru z-Zawr / Dayru z-Zūr) is the largest city in eastern Syria and the seventh largest in the country. Located on the banks of the Euphrates 450 km (280 mi) to the northeast of the capital Damascus, Deir ez-Zor is the capital of the Deir ez-Zor Governorate. In the 2018 census, it had a population of 271,800.
Sam Gallagher (footballer, born 1995)
Samuel James Gallagher (born 15 September 1995) is an English professional footballer who plays as a striker for EFL Championship club Stoke City.

Originally a member of the Plymouth Argyle youth academy, Gallagher joined Southampton in 2012 and earned a call-up to the first team at the beginning of the 2013–14 season. He spent time out on loan at Milton Keynes Dons, Blackburn Rovers and Birmingham City before he joined Blackburn on a permanent basis in July 2019. He stayed at Ewood Park for five years scoring 37 goals in 188 games before joining Stoke City in July 2024.

Ewood Park
Ewood Park (/ˈiːwʊd/) is a football stadium in Blackburn, Lancashire, England, and the home of Blackburn Rovers, founding members of the Football League and Premier League, who have played there since 1890. It is an all seater multi-sports facility with a capacity of 31,367, and four sections: the Bryan Douglas Darwen End, The Ronnie Clayton Blackburn End, the Riverside Stand, and Jack Walker Stand, named after Blackburn industrialist and club supporter, Jack Walker. The football pitch within the stadium measures 115 by 76 yards (105 m × 69 m)
Fiery Gizzard Trail
The Fiery Gizzard Trail runs from Tracy City, Tennessee to Foster Falls in Marion County, Tennessee.  It is renowned for its beauty and diversity, cited by Backpacker magazine as one of the top 25 hiking trails in the United States.  The 12.5-mile (20.1 km) trail offers scenic views, waterfalls, rock formations, and hemlock trees over 200 years old.

The trail follows Fiery Gizzard Creek for a time, then ascends 500 feet (150 m) to Raven Point which offers a "spectacular overlook."  From there, the trail runs along the canyon rim to Foster Falls.

The trail is part of the South Cumberland State Park.

Tsuga
Tsuga (/ˈsuːɡə/, from Japanese 栂 (ツガ), the name of Tsuga sieboldii) is a genus of conifers in the subfamily Abietoideae of Pinaceae, the pine family. The English-language common name "hemlock" arose from a perceived similarity in the smell of its crushed foliage to that of the unrelated plant hemlock. Unlike the latter, Tsuga species are not poisonous.

The genus comprises eight to ten species (depending on the authority), with four species occurring in North America and four to six in eastern Asia.
Emil Ibrahimov
Emil Yusyrovych Ibrahimov (Ukrainian: Еміль Юсирович Ібрагімов; born 1 February 1990) is a Ukrainian sprinter.

Since 2014, he established the National record on 4 x 100 m with 38.53, with teammates Serhiy Smelyk, Ihor Bodrov and Vitaliy Korzh, winning final B at 2014 IAAF World Relays. His personal best on 100 m is 10.30, in 2016 in Erzurum. He won the National title on 200 m in 2017.

Serhiy Smelyk
Serhiy Volodymyrovych Smelyk or Serhii Volodymyrovych Smelyk (Ukrainian: Сергій Володимирович Смелик; born 19 April 1987 in Krasnodon) is a Ukrainian sprinter. He won the bronze medal in the 200 metres at the 2014 European Championships.

He has personal bests of 10.10 in the 100 metres (Erzurum 2016) and 20.30 in the 200 metres (Zürich 2014).
Regional Water Polo League
The Regional Water Polo League (abbr. RWP), commonly known as the Regional League or Adriatic League, is a temporarily suspended regional water polo league in Southeast Europe. Originally, the league featured clubs from Croatia, Montenegro, and Slovenia. In later years, clubs from Serbia joined the league and in one season club from Italy participated in the league. As of 2025–26 season, the league was suspended due to various reasons.

Slovenian Water Polo Championship
The Slovenian Water Polo Championship (Slovene: Državno prvenstvo v vaterpolu) is a water polo league in Slovenia. The league was formed in 1991 with the dissolution of the Yugoslav Water Polo Championship.
Alia Leat
Alia Neve Leat (born 27 May 2005) is an English artistic gymnast and British national team member. She was all-around and floor champion at the 2025 British Gymnastics Championships. She has represented Great Britain at the 2025 European Championships and the 2025 World Championships. As a junior Leat competed at the 2019 Junior World Championships alongside Jessica and Jennifer Gadirova.

She trains at Heathrow Gymnastics Club.

2025 European Artistic Gymnastics Championships
The 11th European Men's and Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships was an artistic gymnastics competition held from 26 to 31 May 2025 in Leipzig, Germany.  It was the 46th European championships in total for men, and 36th in total for women (including the separate men's and women's championships held in even numbered years).  For the first time a Mixed Team Final was contested.

Initially the event was to be held in Tel Aviv, Israel but was relocated to Leipzig due to the ongoing Gaza war.
Konstantin Svechkar
Konstantin Svechkar (born 17 July 1984) is a Russian sprinter who specializes in the 400 metres.

Svechkar won bronze medals in 4 x 400 metres relay at the 2005 Universiade, together with teammates Dmitriy Petrov, Alexander Borshchenko and Vladislav Frolov, and at the 2006 World Indoor Championships with Aleksandr Derevyagin, Yevgeniy Lebedev and Dmitriy Petrov.

His personal best time is 46.09 seconds, achieved in July 2005 in Erfurt.

Aleksandr Derevyagin
Alexsandr Derevyagin (Russian: Александр Деревягин; born March 24, 1979) is a Russian hurdler.

He finished 8th in the 400m hurdles final at the 2006 European Athletics Championships in Gothenburg.

He also competed in the 4 × 400 m relay team for Russia at the 2006 IAAF World Indoor Championships, winning a bronze medal.
Cicely Saunders
Dame Cicely Mary Strode Saunders (22 June 1918 – 14 July 2005) was an English nurse, social worker, physician and writer. She is noted for her work in terminal care research and her role in the birth of the hospice movement, emphasising the importance of palliative care in modern medicine, and opposing the legalisation of voluntary euthanasia.

Order of Merit
The Order of Merit (French: Ordre du Mérite) is an order of merit for the Commonwealth realms, recognising distinguished service in the armed forces, science, art, literature, or the promotion of culture. Established in 1902 by Edward VII, admission into the order remains the personal gift of its Sovereign—currently Edward VII's great-great-grandson Charles III—and is restricted to a maximum of 24 living recipients from the Commonwealth realms, plus honorary members. While all members are awarded the right to use the post-nominal letters OM and wear the badge of the order, the Order of Merit's precedence among other honours differs between countries.
Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest 1978
Germany was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1978 with the song "Feuer", composed by Erich Leissman and Jean Frankfurter, with lyrics by John Möring, and performed by Ireen Sheer. The German participating broadcaster on behalf of ARD, Südwestfunk (SWF), selected its entry through a national final. This was the second of Sheer's three Eurovision appearances; she had previously represented Luxembourg in 1974 and would later represent Luxembourg in 1985 as a member of a six-piece ensemble.

The 1978 German final is notable for the fact that voting was to be split in a 2:1 ratio between an "expert" jury and a panel of radio listeners but after hearing the songs, the expert jury decided that none was up to par and refused to vote, leaving the choice entirely in the hands of the radio panel.

History of Südwestrundfunk
In Bavaria and in Württemberg-Baden, Radio München (Munich) and Radio Stuttgart went on air in 1945. In the next years, Radio München was transformed to a Bavarian broadcaster, and in Germany's South West, two public broadcasting corporations started and produced radio and (subsequent) television programs up to their merger in 1998:

Südwestfunk, SWF, in the former French zone, founded in 1946, and

Süddeutscher Rundfunk, called "Südfunk", short SDR, founded in 1949.

The southwestern part of Germany was at the time was split after the end of World War II into two occupation zones, an American and a French one and each of these two broadcasters operated in the subsequent two German States of Baden-Württemberg and Rhineland-Palatinate. In 1998, the SDR and SWF merged into a single unified Südwestrundfunk (SWR). The German word Rundfunk means broadcasting (corporation), and the ending "-funk" in Südwestfunk and Südfunk is short for Rundfunk, or means 'radio (program)'.
Chauncey Eskridge
Chauncey Eskridge (November 11, 1917 – January 18, 1988) was an American attorney and judge. He provided legal counseling for activist Martin Luther King Jr., one of the leaders of the civil rights movement. He served on the legal team of world heavyweight boxing champion Muhammad Ali, and argued the Clay v. United States case in which the Supreme Court of the United States overturned Ali's conviction for refusing to serve in the United States Army during the Vietnam War.

Eskridge was also a U.S. Army Air Force officer and combat fighter pilot with the 332nd Fighter Group's 99th Fighter Squadron, best known as the Tuskegee Airmen, "Red Tails," or “Schwartze Vogelmenschen” ("Black Birdmen") among enemy German pilots.

Clay v. United States
Clay v. United States, 403 U.S. 698 (1971), was Muhammad Ali's  appeal of his conviction in 1967 for refusing to report for induction into the United States military forces during the Vietnam War. His local draft board had rejected his application for conscientious objector classification. In a unanimous 8–0 ruling (Thurgood Marshall recused himself due to his previous involvement in the case as a U.S. Department of Justice official), the United States Supreme Court reversed the conviction that had been upheld by the Fifth Circuit.

The Supreme Court found the government had failed to properly specify why Ali's application had been denied, thereby requiring the conviction to be overturned: "the court said the record shows that [Ali's] beliefs are founded on tenets of the Muslim religion as he understands them."
Khutu
Khutu was the name given to a material used by medieval Islamic cutlers for knife handles. The ultimate source of the material has been a matter of conjecture for more than a thousand years; Islamic polymath al-Biruni was among the first to investigate it and debate about the material—especially its source—continues to this day. The hypothesized sources for the material have included narwhal, walrus, and mammoth ivory, the frontal bones of bulls, goats, and birds, the teeth of snakes, fish, and hippopotamuses, and the root of a tree. The most recent investigation, by natural historian Chris Lavers, has pointed to the frontal boss of the horns of the muskox.

Khutu has been ascribed properties other than those of a work material.  It was, for example, described as an alexipharmic—a property that eventually was attached to alicorn, the supposed horn of the unicorn.

Muskox
The muskox (Ovibos moschatus) is a hoofed mammal of the family Bovidae. Native to the Arctic, it is noted for its thick coat and for the strong odor emitted by males during the seasonal rut, from which its name derives. This musky odor has the effect of attracting females during mating season. Its Inuktitut name "umingmak" translates to "the bearded one".

Its Woods Cree names "mâthi-môs" and "mâthi-mostos" translate to "ugly moose" and "ugly bison", respectively. In historic times, muskoxen primarily lived in Greenland and the Canadian Arctic of the Northwest Territories and Nunavut. They were formerly present in Eurasia, with their youngest natural records in the region dating to around 2,700 years ago, with reintroduced populations in the U.S. state of Alaska, the Canadian territory of Yukon, and Siberia, and an introduced population in Norway, part of which emigrated to Sweden, where a small population now lives.
Antonio Barchiesi
Antonio Barchiesi Chávez (Viña del Mar, 10 April 1990) is a Chilean lawyer and politician. He is a founding member of the Republican Party of Chile.

He served as a member of the Constitutional Council representing the 6th constituency of the Valparaíso Region.

Constitutional Council (Chile)
The Constitutional Council in Chile was tasked to draft a new constitution in 2023, submitted to referendum on 17 December 2023. The Constitutional Council was selected by the citizens in an election on 7 May 2023. Councillor Beatriz Hevia was elected President of the Council by her peers on June 7.
Körös-ér
The Körös-ér (Hungarian, also Kőrös-patak), Kireš or Kereš (Serbian: Киреш, Кереш), is a river in southern Hungary and northern Serbia, a 90-kilometre-long (56 mi) right tributary to the Tisa river. It flows entirely within the Bačka border region: 37 km (23 mi) in Hungary, 15 km (9.3 mi) as a border river and 29 km (18 mi) in Serbia (roughly, as different authors give different data).

Bačka
Bačka (Serbian: Бачка, pronounced [bâːtʃkaː]) or Bácska (pronounced [ˈbaːtʃkɒ]), is a geographical and historical area within the Pannonian Plain bordered by the river Danube to the west and south, and by the river Tisza to the east. It is divided between Serbia and Hungary. Most of the area is located within the Vojvodina region in Serbia and Novi Sad, the administrative center of Vojvodina, lies on the border between Bačka and Syrmia. The smaller northern part of the geographical area is located within Bács-Kiskun County in Hungary.
Margiana
Margiana (Greek: Μαργιανή Margianḗ, Old Persian: Marguš, Middle Persian: Marv) is a historical region centred on the oasis of Merv and was a minor satrapy within the Achaemenid satrapy of Bactria, and a province within its successors, the Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanian empires.

It was located in the valley of the Murghab River which has its sources in the mountains of Afghanistan, and passes through Murghab District in modern Afghanistan, and then reaches the oasis of Merv in modern Turkmenistan. Margiana bordered Parthia to the south-west, Aria in the south, Bactria in the east and Sogdia in the north.

Satrap
A satrap (/ˈsætrəp/) was a governor of the provinces of the ancient Median and Persian (Achaemenid) Empires and in several of their successors, such as in the Sasanian Empire and the Hellenistic empires. A satrapy is the territory governed by a satrap.

A satrap served as a viceroy to the king, though with considerable autonomy. The word came to suggest tyranny or ostentatious splendour, and its modern usage is a pejorative and refers to any subordinate or local ruler, usually with unfavourable connotations of corruption.
Michael Enright (broadcaster)
Michael Enright CM (born 1943) is a Canadian journalist and radio broadcaster. A high school dropout, Enright became a journalist after taking a University of Toronto extension course. As a journalist he held numerous positions at organizations such as The Globe and Mail, Time and Maclean's. He is best known for his long tenure as a CBC Radio host. Enright was the host of CBC Radio One's The Sunday Edition from 2000 to 2020 and previously hosted As It Happens from 1987 until 1997 and co-hosted This Morning from 1997 to 2000. From 2009 until 2019, he hosted the archive show Rewind on CBC Radio One. He retired from CBC radio in 2020. Enright was the recipient of two honorary doctorates and was named a Member of the Order of Canada in 2017.

CBC Radio
CBC Radio is the English-language radio operations of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. The CBC operates a number of radio networks serving different audiences and programming niches, all of which (regardless of language) are outlined below.
Christina Romer
Christina Duckworth Romer (née Duckworth; born December 25, 1958) is the Class of 1957 Garff B. Wilson Professor of Economics at the University of California, Berkeley and a former chair of the Council of Economic Advisers in the Obama administration. She resigned from her role on the Council of Economic Advisers on September 3, 2010.

After her nomination and before the Obama administration took office, Romer worked with economist Jared Bernstein to co-author the administration's plan for recovery from the 2008 recession. In a January 2009 video presentation, she discussed details of the job creation program that the Obama administration submitted to Congress.

Jared Bernstein
Jared Bernstein (born December 26, 1955) is an American government official who was the chair of the United States Council of Economic Advisers. He is a senior fellow at the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. From 2009 to 2011, Bernstein was chief economist and economic adviser to Vice President Joe Biden in the Obama administration. In 2008, Michael D. Shear described Bernstein as a progressive and "a strong advocate for workers".

In February 2023, President Joe Biden nominated Bernstein to serve as Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers. He was confirmed to be chair on June 13, 2023. He was ceremonially sworn in by Vice President Kamala Harris on July 10, 2023.
Komi-Yazva language
The Komi-Yazva language (коми-ёдз көл, komi-jodz kål) is a Permic language closely related to Komi-Zyrian and Permyak, native to and spoken mostly in Krasnovishersky District of Perm Krai in Russia, in the basin of the Yazva (Yodz) River. It has no official status. It is the most divergent of all the Komi varieties. About two thousand speakers densely live in Krasnovishersky District.

Krasnovishersky District
Krasnovishersky District (Russian: Краснови́шерский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion) of Perm Krai, Russia; one of the thirty-three in the krai. Municipally, it is incorporated as Krasnovishersky Municipal District. It is located in the northeast of the krai, in the valley of the Vishera River, and borders with the Komi Republic in the north, Sverdlovsk Oblast in the east, Cherdynsky District in the west, Solikamsky District in the south, and with the territory of the town of krai significance of Alexandrovsk in the southeast. The area of the district is 15,375 square kilometers (5,936 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Krasnovishersk. Population:  22,554 (2010 Census); 27,871 (2002 Census); 30,827 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Krasnovishersk accounts for 71.4% of the district's total population.
Chuck Israels
Charles H. Israels (born August 10, 1936) is an American jazz composer, arranger, and bassist who is best known for his work with the Bill Evans Trio. He has also worked with Billie Holiday, Benny Goodman, Coleman Hawkins, Stan Getz, Herbie Hancock, J. J. Johnson, John Coltrane, and Judy Collins. He has won one Grammy in 2020 for his work on mezzo-soprano Joyce DiDonato's album "Songplay".

Benny Goodman
Benjamin David Goodman (May 30, 1909 – June 13, 1986) was an American jazz clarinetist and bandleader, known as the "King of Swing". His orchestra did well commercially.

From 1935 until the mid-1940s, Goodman led one of the most popular swing big bands in the United States. His concert at Carnegie Hall in New York City on January 16, 1938, is described by critic Bruce Eder as "the single most important jazz or popular music concert in history: jazz's 'coming out' party to the world of 'respectable' music."

Goodman's bands started the careers of many jazz musicians. During an era of racial segregation, he led one of the first integrated jazz groups, his trio and quartet. He continued performing until the end of his life while pursuing an interest in classical music.
1998 Speedway Grand Prix Qualification
The 1998 Speedway Grand Prix Qualification or GP Challenge was a series of motorcycle speedway meetings used to determine the 16 riders that qualified for the 1998 Speedway Grand Prix to join the other 8 riders that finished in the leading positions from the 1997 Speedway Grand Prix.

There was a late change to the qualifying when the Grand Prix increased to 24 permanent riders. Therefore 4 riders would qualify straight from the Intercontinental and Continental finals and 9 riders would qualify through the GP Challenge (originally just 4). The final 3 GP places would go to wildcards.

Piotr Protasiewicz won the GP Challenge.

1998 Speedway Grand Prix
The 1998 Speedway Grand Prix was the 53rd edition of the official World Championship. It was the fourth season in the Speedway Grand Prix era used to determine the Speedway World Champion.

Tony Rickardsson won the World title, which included three wins from the six Grand Prix events. The Swede's win was his second World title success and he secured the gold medal comfortably ahead of nearest rivals Jimmy Nilsen and Tomasz Gollob.
Harry Cruse
Harry Cruse (born 1840/1) was an American politician who served as state representative, state senator, and public official in Florida.

He served in the Florida State Senate from 1869 until 1870.

He represented Gadsden County in the Florida House of Representatives during the Reconstruction era from 1871 until 1874 and in 1877.

He was accused in testimony of being appointed to a patronage position as a timber agent and not doing any work as such. He testified about bribery allegations against state senator C. H. Pearce. He is described as having been allied with Marcellus Lovejoy Stearns.

Charles H. Pearce
Charles H. Pearce (1817–1887) was a religious and political leader in Florida.  An African Methodist Episcopal (AME) minister, he was dispatched to Florida in 1865, after the American Civil War. He had previously been a missionary in Canada after moving from Maryland to Connecticut. He helped bring the AME Church, the first independent black denomination in the United States, to Florida and worked to build its congregation during and after the Reconstruction era. In 1868 Pearce was elected as a delegate to the Florida Constitutional Convention of 1868. Later that year he was elected to the state legislature as a state senator from Leon County, Florida. He served numerous terms in the legislature, working to gain support for civil rights and public education for Floridians.

Pearce was born into slavery in Maryland and bought his freedom then moved North to New Haven, Connecticut, where he was ordained, and later to Canada, where he served as a preacher and became a British citizen.