hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
California, Shasta and Eastern Railway
The California, Shasta and Eastern Railway was a 15 miles (24 km) shortline railroad which operated, for nearly 40 years, between Anderson and Bella Vista, California with no greater aspirations then being a glorified mill spur. Briefly around 1906 however, the road basked in the limelight of the mighty E.H. Harriman who considered, and then discarded, the idea of incorporating it into one of his "paper" railroads projected through the region.

Shortline railroad
A shortline railroad is a small or mid-sized railroad company that operates over a relatively short distance relative to larger, national railroad networks. The term is used primarily in the United States and Canada. In the former, railroads are categorized by operating revenue, and most shortline railroads fall into the Class III or Class II categorization defined by the Surface Transportation Board.
Mama (My Chemical Romance song)
"Mama" is a song by the American rock band My Chemical Romance, released as the ninth track from their third studio album, The Black Parade (2006). A "goth cabaret" song featuring  actress Liza Minnelli, "Mama" was conceived after lead guitarist Ray Toro was bet that he could not write a polka in the band's style. "Mama" was written by band members Bob Bryar, Frank Iero, Ray Toro, Gerard Way, and Mikey Way, and was produced by the group alongside Rob Cavallo.

The song's lyrics focus on The Patient, the dying protagonist of The Black Parade, and his relationship with his mother. Music critics praised "Mama" for its theatricality, its ambition, and Minnelli's appearance on the track. It is regarded as one of the best songs on the album, as well as in the band's discography as a whole. "Mama" has been certified platinum in the United States by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), and silver in the United Kingdom by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI).

Gerard Way
Gerard Arthur Way (born April 9, 1977) is an American singer, songwriter, and comic book writer. He is best known as the lead vocalist and co-founder of the rock band My Chemical Romance. He released his debut solo album, Hesitant Alien, in 2014.

Way co-created and wrote the comic series The True Lives of the Fabulous Killjoys and The Umbrella Academy, the latter of which was later adapted into a popular Netflix series that ran for four seasons. He is also the founder of DC Comics' Young Animal imprint, and wrote the imprint's flagship series, Doom Patrol.
Bhole Shankar
Bhole Shankar is a 2008 Indian Bhojpuri language masala film directed by Pankaj Shukla and produced by Gulshan Bhatia, starring Mithun Chakraborty and Manoj Tiwari. The film broke the standing record for biggest opening for a Bhojpuri film. It is the first Bhojpuri film of Mithun Chakraborty and Monalisa.

Manoj Tiwari (Delhi politician)
Manoj Kumar Tiwari (born 1 February 1971) is an Indian politician, singer and actor. He is serving as a Member of Parliament from North East Delhi since 2014. Tiwari contested the 2009 general election as a Samajwadi Party candidate from Gorakhpur Lok Sabha but lost to Yogi Adityanath. In 2014, he joined Bharatiya Janata Party and contested in 2014 Indian general elections and won. He was appointed as Delhi BJP president in 2016. He was the head of the BJP organisation in Delhi when the party recorded a record victory in 2017 MCD elections.
Kelbaker Road
Kelbaker Road is a paved road in San Bernardino County, California, that serves as the primary and busiest route through the Mojave National Preserve. It also connects the communities of Kelso and Baker. Its southern terminus is at County Route 66 (CR 66) between Amboy and Chambless. Kelbaker Road's northern terminus is at Interstate 15 (I-15) in Baker. The road then continues as State Route 127 (SR 127) northward to Nevada, connecting to SR 373, passing near Death Valley National Park.

Chambless, California
Chambless is a ghost town in the Mojave Desert of San Bernardino County, California, United States, south of Interstate 40 on the historic Route 66.

Chambless is east of the Bullion Mountains and Ludlow and ten miles east of Amboy Crater and Amboy, California. The ZIP Code is 92319, and the community is inside area code 760. It is 3 miles north of the railroad town of Cadiz.
Terry Duguid
Terry Duguid PC MP (/ˈduːɡʊd/; born 1954 or 1955) is a Canadian politician. A member of the Liberal Party of Canada, he has been the Member of Parliament for Winnipeg South since the 2015 federal election. Duguid was Minister of Environment and Climate Change from March to May 2025 as well as Minister of Sport and Minister responsible for Prairies Economic Development Canada from December 2024 to March 2025. Before federal politics, he was on the Winnipeg City Council from 1989 to 1995.

Winnipeg City Council
The Winnipeg City Council (French: Conseil municipal de Winnipeg) is the governing body of the city of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. The Council is seated in the Council Building of Winnipeg City Hall.

The composition of the Council consists of fifteen city councillors and a mayor. Each councillor represents an individual ward throughout the city. The mayor is elected every four years by a vote of the entire city.
Yunnan clique
The Yunnan clique (Chinese: 滇系; pinyin: Diān Xì) was one of several mutually hostile warlord cliques that split from the Beiyang Government in the Republic of China's warlord era. It was named for Yunnan Province. The two most prominent leaders were Cai E and Long Yun, with Cai E declaring independence and Long Yun governing Yunnan during World War 2.

Long Yun
Long Yun (simplified Chinese: 龙云; traditional Chinese: 龍雲; pinyin: Lóng Yún; Wade–Giles: Lung Yun; 27 November 1884 – 27 June 1962) was governor and warlord of the Chinese province of Yunnan from 1927 to October 1945, when he was overthrown in a coup (known as "The Kunming Incident") by Du Yuming under the order of Chiang Kai-shek.
Playskool
Playskool is an American brand of educational toys and games for preschoolers. The former Playskool manufacturing company was a subsidiary of the Milton Bradley Company and was headquartered in Chicago, Illinois. Playskool's last remaining plant in the aforementioned city was shut down in 1984, and Playskool became a brand of Hasbro, which had acquired Milton Bradley that same year. Amidst a major corporate restructuring at Hasbro, to focus on licensing, digital games and core toy brands in 2023, Hasbro has entered into licensing agreements with other toy companies, such as PlayMonster and Just Play Products, to outsource the brand's toy production.

PlayMonster
PlayMonster (formerly Patch Products) is a manufacturer and marketer of family entertainment products that specializes in games, children's puzzles, toys, activities, and teaching tools founded in 1985. In February 2016, Patch changed its company name to PlayMonster.
Patrick Alexander Agnew
Patrick Alexander Agnew of Dalreagle (1765–1813) was the first Military Governor of British Ceylon in Trincomalee. He was appointed in August 1795 and was governor until 1 March 1796. He was succeeded by James Stuart. In 1811 he became major general of the East India Company.

James Stuart (British Army officer, born 1741)
General James Stuart (1741–1815) was a British Army officer who served in North America during the American Revolutionary War and took part in various campaigns in British India. He was the first General Officer Commanding, Ceylon and second Military Governor of British Ceylon. He was appointed on 1 March 1796 and was Governor until 1 January 1797. He was succeeded by Welbore Ellis Doyle.
Richard Tuffin
Richard John Tuffin (born 1944) is a former New Zealand rowing coxswain. He coxed the Union Boat Club four, consisting of Donald Gemmell, Peter Aitchison, Frank Crotty and Graeme Moran to victory at the New Zealand Rowing Championships in 1958. The same crew went on to represent New Zealand at the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games in Cardiff, finishing fourth.

Born in Whanganui in 1944, Tuffin was 14 years old when he competed at the 1958 Cardiff games, and is the youngest person to represent New Zealand at a Commonwealth Games. New Zealand swimmer Rebecca Perrott was 12½ years old when she competed at the 1974 British Commonwealth Games, but she was representing Fiji where her father was registrar at the University of the South Pacific for six years.

Donald Gemmell
Donald Leslie Gemmell (27 December 1932 – 22 June 2022) was a New Zealand rower.

Gemmell was born in 1932 in Wanganui, New Zealand. He represented New Zealand at the 1956 Summer Olympics. He is listed as New Zealand Olympian athlete number 90 by the New Zealand Olympic Committee.
Rancho Otay
Rancho Otay was a 6,658-acre (26.94 km2) Mexican land grant in present-day San Diego County, California, given in 1829 by Governor José María de Echeandía to Magdelena Estudillo. The grant in the present-day Otay Mesa area, extended along the Otay River, just west of Lower Otay Reservoir.

Otay River
The Otay River (/ˈoʊtaɪ/) is a river in southern San Diego County, California. The 25 mi (40 km) river begins at San Miguel Mountain, flows through the Upper and Lower Otay Reservoirs, and continues on between the southern part of the Chula Vista and the Otay Mesa West district of San Diego, to its river mouth on San Diego Bay.
Dunash ben Labrat
Dunash ha-Levi ben Labrat (920/925 – after 985) (Hebrew: ר׳ דוֹנָש הַלֵּוִי בֵּן לָבְּרָט; Arabic: دناش بن لبراط) was a medieval Jewish commentator, poet, and grammarian of the Golden age of Jewish culture in Spain. He is known for his philological commentary, Teshuvot Dunash, and for his liturgical poems D'ror Yiqra and D'vai Haser.

Saadia Gaon
Saʿadia ben Yosef Gaon or Said bin Yusuf al-Fayyumi (892–942) was a prominent rabbi, gaon, Jewish philosopher, and exegete who was active in the Abbasid Caliphate.

Saadia is the first important rabbinic figure to write extensively in Judeo-Arabic. Known for his works on Hebrew linguistics, Halakha, and Jewish philosophy, he was a student of the philosophical school known as "Jewish Kalam". In this capacity, his philosophical work entitled The Book of Beliefs and Opinions represents the first systematic attempt to integrate Jewish theology with components of ancient Greek philosophy. Saadia was also very active in opposition to Karaite Judaism in defense of Rabbinic Judaism.
Cycling at the 1924 Summer Olympics – Men's sprint
The men's sprint event was part of the track cycling programme at the 1924 Summer Olympics. The field consisted of 31 cyclists from 17 countries. The Vélodrome de Vincennes track was a 500-metre (1,640 ft) loop. The event was won by Lucien Michard of France, the nation's third victory in the men's sprint. His teammate Jean Cugnot earned bronze. Jacob Meijer of the Netherlands took silver, putting the Dutch team on the podium for the second consecutive Games.

Jean Cugnot
Jean Cugnot (3 August 1899 – 25 June 1933) was a racing cyclist from France. He competed for France in the 1924 Summer Olympics held in Paris, France in the tandem event where he finished in first place and in the individual sprint event where he finished in third place.
Jalahuana
Jalahuana or Jalahuaña (possibly from Quechua q'ala naked, nude, waña a variety of bitter potatoes used to make white ch'uñu, "naked waña potato") is a  5,325-metre-high (17,470 ft) mountain in the Andes of Peru. It is located in the Puno Region, Carabaya Province, Crucero District, and in the Sandia Province, on the border of the Limbani District and the Patambuco District. Jalahuana lies east of Aricoma Lake between the mountain Aricoma in the northwest and Riticunca in the  southeast to south.

Riticunca
Riticunca (possibly from Quechua rit'i snow, kunka throat, "snow throat", also spelled Riticunca) is a mountain in the Andes of Peru, about 5,000 metres (16,404 ft) high. It is located in the Puno Region, Carabaya Province, Crucero District, and in the Sandia Province, Patambuco District, northwest of the mountain Laramani. East of Riticunca there is a group of small lakes, among them Riticocha ("snow lake", Rit'iqucha) and Yanacocha ("black lake", Yanaqucha). The lake Jochajucho is situated in the Ritipata valley southeast of the mountain.
Ingrid Antičević-Marinović
Ingrid Antičević-Marinović (born Marija Antičević; on 4 October 1957) is a Croatian lawyer and former politician who serves as justice of the Constitutional Court of Croatia since 7 June 2016. She had previously served as a 9th Minister of Justice, Public Administration and Local Self-government in the center-left Cabinet of Ivica Račan II from 2001 to 2003. She was the first woman to serve as Justice Minister in Croatia as well as first woman lawyer in Zadar's history.

After becoming involved in politics in year 1990 by joining Social Democratic Party of Croatia (SDP), Antičević-Marinović served five consecutive terms as MP, having been elected to the Croatian Parliament in the 2000, 2003, 2007, 2011 and 2015 parliament elections, representing the 9th electoral district.

Ministry of Justice, Public Administration and Digital Transformation (Croatia)
The Ministry of Justice, Public Administration and Digital Transformation of the Republic of Croatia (Croatian: Ministarstvo pravosuđa, uprave i digitalne transformacije) is the ministry in the Government of Croatia which is in charge of prosecuting government cases and the administration of institutions falling within the scope of the judiciary system (courts, prisons, etc.), and in charge of the system and organization of state administration and local and regional governments, political and electoral system, personal status of citizens and other activities within its jurisdiction.
Dinner Mate
Dinner Mate (Korean: 저녁 같이 드실래요?) is a 2020 South Korean television series starring Song Seung-heon, Seo Ji-hye, Lee Ji-hoon, and Son Na-eun, and based on the 2013 webtoon Would You Like To Have Dinner Together? by Park Si-in. The series is about an unexpected dinner between two strangers in a restaurant, Woo Do-hee (played by Seo Ji-hye) and Kim Hae-kyung (played by Song Seung-heon). The two happen to have dinner together at a random place and decide to become dinner partners. The drama was aired by MBC TV on Mondays and Tuesdays from May 25 to July 14, 2020. It was also available globally on iQIYI with multi-language subtitles.

IQIYI
iQIYI (Chinese: 爱奇艺; pinyin: Àiqíyì, pronounced in English as eye-CHEE-yee), formerly Qiyi (奇艺; Qíyì), is a Chinese subscription video on-demand over-the-top streaming service owned by Baidu. Headquartered in Beijing, iQIYI primarily produces and distributes films and television series.

iQIYI is currently one of the largest online video sites in the world, with nearly 6 billion hours spent on its service each month and over 500 million monthly active users. On March 29, 2018, the company issued its initial public offering in the United States and raised $2.25 billion.
Uldum
Uldum is a small town, with a population of 1,364 (1 January 2025), in Hedensted Municipality, Central Denmark Region in Denmark.

Uldum was the municipal seat of the former Tørring-Uldum Municipality until 1 January 2007.

Uldum Church was built in 1883. A granite stone in the churchyard features hollows from the Bronze Age.

Uldum Højskole, a Danish folk high school and one of Denmark's oldest high schools, founded in 1849, is located in the town.

Uldum Mill from 1895 is located in the western part of the town. It is a so-called Dutch mill and the largest of its kind in Denmark. Today its a working mill museum.

Uldum Marsh (Uldum Kær) is located between Uldum and Tørring west of Uldum. It is Denmark's largest non-tidal marsh with an area of 1200 hectares, through which the stream Gudenåen flows.

Tørring
Tørring is a town, with a population of 2,930 (1 January 2025), in Hedensted Municipality, Central Denmark Region in Denmark. It is located 27 km west of Horsens, 20 km north of Vejle, 24 km east of Give and 20 km northwest of Hedensted.

Tørring Church was built in 1200. The characteristic octagonal dome of the church tower is from the beginning of the 17th century.

Tørring is located at the Gudenå, about 10 km southeast of its spring, from where canoeing on the river is possible.

The closest airport is Billund Airport.
John A. Saliba
John A. Saliba is a Maltese-born Jesuit priest, a professor of religious studies at the University of Detroit Mercy and a noted writer and researcher in the field of new religious movements.

Saliba has advocated a conciliatory approach towards new religions. He has argued that membership in such movements can serve as a temporary haven for young adults in a formative stage of their lives, and is not necessarily detrimental. He has been critical of the brainwashing concept espoused by the anti-cult movement.

University of Detroit Mercy
The University of Detroit Mercy is a private Catholic university in Detroit, Michigan, United States. It is sponsored by both the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) and the Sisters of Mercy. The university was founded in 1877 and is the largest Catholic university in Michigan. It has four campuses where it offers more than 100 academic degree programs. In athletics, the university sponsors 17 NCAA Division I sports for men and women. It is a member of the Horizon League.
Glavinitsa Peak
Glavinitsa Peak (Bulgarian: връх Главиница, romanized: vrah Glavinitsa, IPA: [ˈvrɤɣ ɡɫɐˈvinit͡sɐ]) is the peak rising to 1585 m in the central part of Rudozem Heights on German Peninsula, Fallières Coast in Graham Land, Antarctica.  It has precipitous and partly ice-free northwest and south slopes, and is surmounting Bader Glacier to the north and Bucher Glacier to the southwest.

The peak is named after the town of Glavinitsa in Northeastern Bulgaria.

German Peninsula
German Peninsula () is the mountainous peninsula projecting from the north end of Fallières Coast in Graham Land, Antarctica 11.4 km in west direction between Bourgeois Fjord to the north and west, and Dogs Leg Fjord to the south.  It is extending 15.9 km between Thomson Head to the north and Bottrill Head to the southwest, with its interior occupied by Rudozem Heights.

The peninsula is named after the settlement of German in Western Bulgaria, now part of the city of Sofia.
English ship Portsmouth (1650)
Portsmouth was a 34-gun (later with up to 46 guns) fourth-rate of the English Navy, built by Thomas Eastwood at Portsmouth Dockyard and launched for the Commonwealth Navy in 1650. She partook in the Battles of Dover and Kentish Knock in 1652, the Gabbard and Scheveningen in 1653. After the Restoration she was incorporated into the Royal Navy. She was present at the Battle of Lowestoft in 1665 and the Four Days' Battle. She was present at the Battle of Texel in 1673, and the Battle of Bantry Bay in 1689. She was captured by the French in August 1689 and blown up.

The Portsmouth was the first vessel in the English navy to be given that name.

Battle of Bantry Bay
The Battle of Bantry Bay was on 11 May 1689, a week before the declaration of the Nine Years' War between the English and French navies. The English were commanded by Admiral Arthur Herbert, while the French were under the command of François Louis Rousselet de Châteaurenault. Apart from the inshore operations during the siege of La Rochelle, the battle was the first time English and French navies had fought a fleet action since 1545.

The battle, fought near the southern Irish coast, ended somewhat inconclusively. The French, endeavouring to supply King James II in his attempt to re-establish his throne, had managed to unload their supplies for James's campaign in Ireland. Although the French failed to follow up their tactical success with strategic gain, Châteaurenault's fleet inflicted considerable damage on Herbert's ships.
The Royal Gate of the Palace of Versailles
The Royal Gate of the Palace of Versailles separates the Cour d'Honneur from the Royal Court of the Palace of Versailles. It is also located between the Pavillon Dufour (on the left as you enter), built under Louis XVIII and currently used to welcome visitors to the château, and the Gabriel wing (on the right), whose construction began in 1772, but which was not completed until 1985.

The Royal Gate was destroyed in 1794, during the French Revolution. It marked the castle's outskirts at the end of the 17th century for less than a century before reappearing in a new version in 2008.

Although considered restitution by its architect Fréderic Didier, art historians have criticized this initiative.

Ange-Jacques Gabriel
Ange-Jacques Gabriel (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃ʒ ʒak ɡabʁijɛl]; 23 October 1698 – 4 January 1782) was the principal architect of King Louis XV.  His major works included the Place de la Concorde, the École Militaire, and the Petit Trianon and opera theater at the Palace of Versailles. His style was a careful balance between French Baroque architecture and French neoclassicism.
Samyang Optics / Rokinon AF 14 mm f/2.8 FE
The Samyang Optics / Rokinon AF 14mm F2.8 FE is an ultra wide-angle full-frame prime lens for Sony E-mount. It was announced by Samyang Optics on August 17, 2016

The lens is currently the widest-angle autofocus prime lens featuring a large maximum aperture of f/2.8 and coverage of Sony's full-frame sensor cameras. Though designed for Sony's full frame E-mount cameras, the lens can be used on Sony's APS-C E-mount camera bodies, with an equivalent full-frame field-of-view of 21mm.

Prime lens
In film and photography, a prime lens is a fixed focal length photographic lens (as opposed to a zoom lens), typically with a maximum aperture from f2.8 to f1.2. The term can also mean the primary lens in a combination lens system.
Confusion between these two meanings can occur without clarifying context. Alternate terms, such as primary focal length, fixed focal length, or FFL are sometimes used to avoid ambiguity.
Salt surface structures
Salt surface structures are extensions of salt tectonics that form at the Earth's surface when either diapirs or salt sheets pierce through the overlying strata. They can occur in any location where there are salt deposits, namely in cratonic basins, synrift basins, passive margins and collisional margins. These are environments where mass quantities of water collect and then evaporate; leaving behind salt and other evaporites to form sedimentary beds. When there is a difference in pressure, such as additional sediment in a particular area, the salt beds – due to the unique ability of salt to behave as a fluid under pressure – form into new structures. Sometimes, these new bodies form subhorizontal or moderately dipping structures over a younger stratigraphic unit, which are called allochthonous salt bodies or  salt surface structures.

Salt tectonics
Salt tectonics, or halokinesis, or halotectonics, is concerned with the geometries and processes associated with the presence of significant thicknesses of evaporites containing rock salt within a stratigraphic sequence of rocks. This is due both to the low density of salt, which does not increase with burial, and its low strength.

Salt structures (excluding undeformed layers of salt) have been found in more than 120 sedimentary basins around the world.