hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Black Death in Russia
The Black Death was present in Russia between 1352 and 1353. The plague epidemic is described in contemporary Russian chronicles, but without confirmed dates.

The Black Death entered Europe from the Golden Horde in Central Asia in 1347, but it did not reach Russia from Central Asia in the southeast. Due to religious reasons, the border between Christian Russia and the Muslim Golden Horde was closed, which may have helped prevent the plague from spreading to Russia through this route. Instead, it reached Russia from the northwest after spreading across the rest of Europe.

The Black Death finally reached Russia from the Baltics in the west. Its first documented outbreak in Russia occurred in the city of Pskov in the spring of 1352. From there, it reached Novgorod and continued to travel south, eventually affecting the rest of Russia.

Veliky Novgorod
Veliky Novgorod (/vəˈliːki ˈnɒvɡərɒd/ ⓘ və-LEE-kee NOV-gə-rod; Russian: Великий Новгород, IPA: [vʲɪˈlʲikʲɪj ˈnovɡərət]; lit. 'Great Newtown'), also known simply as Novgorod (Новгород), is the largest city and administrative centre of Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It is one of the oldest cities in Russia, being first mentioned in the 9th century. The city lies along the Volkhov River just downstream from its outflow from Lake Ilmen and is situated on the M10 federal highway connecting Moscow and Saint Petersburg. UNESCO recognized Novgorod as a World Heritage Site in 1992. The city has a population of 224,286 (2021 census).

At its peak during the 14th century, the city was the capital of the Novgorod Republic and was one of Europe's largest cities. The "Великий" (Veliky) part was added to the city's name in 1999.
Jigarthanda (2016 film)
Jigarthanda (transl. Cold-hearted) is a 2016 Indian Kannada-language action comedy film directed by Shiva Ganesh, written by Karthik Subbaraj and produced by Kichcha Creations and SRV Productions. It is a remake of Subbaraj's 2014 Tamil film of same name which itself was inspired by the 2006 South Korean movie A Dirty Carnival. It stars Rahul Salanke and Samyukta Hornad along with P. Ravi Shankar, Chikkanna, Dharma, K. Manju, Guruprasad, Sadhu Kokila and Veena Sundar in supporting roles. Arjun Janya composed film's score and soundtrack. It was released on 24 June 2016.

P. Ravi Shankar
Pudipeddi Ravi Shankar (born 28 November 1966), also known as Sai Ravi, is an Indian actor, dubbing artist, director and a writer. As an actor, he predominantly appears in Kannada films, in addition to Telugu and Tamil films. As a dubbing artist, he has dubbed for over 3500 films, with more than 1000 of those each in Telugu and Tamil, and over 150 in Kannada.

Son of the actor P. J. Sarma and the younger brother of actor Sai Kumar, Ravi Shankar made his directorial debut with the Kannada film Durgi in 2004. Shankar worked as a dialogue writer, writing dialogues for over 75 Telugu films and its Tamil counterparts. He also worked as a playback singer for Telugu films, such as Rakta Charitra and Bejawada. He gained recognition for his role in the 2011 Kannada film Kempe Gowda, for which he won the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor – Kannada.
Landlord (film)
Landlord is a 2026 Indian Kannada-language action drama film written and directed by Jadesh K Hampi, and produced by K. S. Suraj Gowda and K. V. Sathyaprakash under the Sarathi Films banner.

The cast includes Vijaya Kumar in the lead role, alongside Rachita Ram, Raj B. Shetty, Rithanya Vijay, Shishir Baikady, Umashree, Bhavana Rao, Rakesh Adiga, and Achyuth Kumar in supporting roles.

The film was released on 23 January 2026. The film's narrative is set in a rural backdrop of the 1980s, recreating period-specific visuals.

Achyuth Kumar
Achyuth Kumar is an Indian actor who predominantly works in Kannada cinema, alongside a few Tamil, Telugu and Malayalam films. He is known for his performances in the KGF, Kantara, Sidlingu, and Lucia. He is the recipient of three Filmfare Awards and two Karnataka State Film Awards, one each in Best Supporting Actor and Best Actor categories.
Patrick Durcan (politician)
Patrick Durcan (born 1951) is an Irish former District Court judge and Fine Gael politician.

Durcan was born in Westport, County Mayo in 1951, and was educated at University College Dublin. He worked as a solicitor from 1973 and sat as a member of Mayo County Council from 1979 to 2004, and also as a member of Westport town council.

Durcan stood for Dáil Éireann as the running mate of future Taoiseach Enda Kenny in Mayo West at the 1981, February 1982, November 1982 and 1987 general elections, but was unsuccessful on each occasion.

He served as a senator in Seanad Éireann from 1983 to 1987. Durcan was nominated by Taoiseach Garret FitzGerald. He was appointed a district judge in November 2011, and retired in May 2021.

Garret FitzGerald
Garret Desmond FitzGerald (9 February 1926 – 19 May 2011) was an Irish Fine Gael politician, economist, and barrister who served twice as Taoiseach, serving from 1981 to 1982 and 1982 to 1987. He served as Leader of Fine Gael from 1977 to 1987 and was twice Leader of the Opposition between 1977 and 1982; he was previously Minister for Foreign Affairs from 1973 to 1977. FitzGerald served as a Teachta Dála (TD) from 1969 to 1992 and was a Senator for the Industrial and Commercial Panel from 1965 to 1969.

He was the son of Desmond FitzGerald, the first foreign minister of the Irish Free State. At the time of his death, FitzGerald was president of the Institute of International and European Affairs and a columnist for The Irish Times, and had made occasional appearances on television programmes.
Ethel Finck
Ethel Jean Finck, M.D. (October 8, 1932– August 23, 2003), was an American interventional radiologist, credited as one of three women founders of the Society of Interventional Radiology in 1973. She was also the inventor of the Finck cardiac catheter.

Society of Interventional Radiology
The Society of Interventional Radiology (SIR) is an American national organization of physicians, scientists and allied health professionals dedicated to improving public health through the use of minimally invasive, image-guided therapeutic interventions for disease management.
St Patrick's Sports Academy
St Patrick's Sports Academy is a youth football and sports club based in Motherwell, near Glasgow in Scotland. It operates football teams in age groups from under-9 to under-19.

Formerly Celtic Boys Club, it helped more than 50 players towards professional careers, some at Celtic F.C. It was renamed in August 2018 at a time when four former affiliated individuals were awaiting trial for historic sexual abuse offences committed from the 1960s to the 1990s.

Motherwell
Motherwell (Scots: Mitherwall, Scottish Gaelic: Tobar na Màthar) is a town and former burgh in North Lanarkshire, Scotland, around 12 miles (19 km) south east of Glasgow. It has a population of around 32,120. Historically in the parish of Dalziel and part of Lanarkshire, Motherwell is the headquarters for North Lanarkshire Council. Geographically the River Clyde separates Motherwell from Hamilton to the west whereas the South Calder Water separates Motherwell from Carfin to the north-east and New Stevenston and Bellshill towards the north.

Motherwell is also geographically attached to Wishaw and the two towns form a large urban area in North Lanarkshire, with both towns having similar populations and strong community ties.
1995 AFL Grand Final
The 1995 AFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the  Geelong Football Club and Carlton Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne on 30 September 1995. It was the 99th annual grand final of the Australian Football League (formerly the Victorian Football League), staged to determine the premiers for the 1995 AFL season. The match was attended by 93,670 spectators. The 1995 grand final was won by Carlton by a margin of 61 points. It was Carlton's 16th premiership and most recent victory, making it one of the most successful clubs in the league's history. The game also marked Carlton's sixteenth consecutive win and twenty-third win for the year overall, then a record.

1994 AFL Grand Final
The 1994 AFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the  Geelong Football Club and West Coast Eagles, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne on 1 October 1994. It was the 98th annual grand final of the Australian Football League (formerly the Victorian Football League), staged to determine the premiers for the 1994 AFL season. The match, attended by 93,860 spectators, was won by West Coast by a margin of 80 points.
James Jardine (engineer)
James Jardine FRSE FSAScot (13 November 1776–20 June 1858) was a Scottish civil engineer, mathematician and geologist. He was the first person to determine mean sea level. He built tunnels and bridges, including for the Innocent Railway, and built reservoirs including Glencorse, Threipmuir, Harlaw for Edinburgh Water Company, and Cobbinshaw for the Union Canal.

Thomas Telford
Thomas Telford FRS FRSE (9 August 1757 – 2 September 1834) was a Scottish civil engineer. After establishing himself as an engineer of road and canal projects in Shropshire, he designed numerous infrastructure projects in his native Scotland, as well as harbours and tunnels. Such was his reputation as a prolific designer of highways and related bridges, he was dubbed the 'Colossus of Roads' (a pun on the Colossus of Rhodes), and, reflecting his command of all types of civil engineering in the early 19th century, he was elected as the first president of the Institution of Civil Engineers, a post he held for 14 years until his death. The town of Telford in Shropshire was named after him.
Sahale Glacier
Sahale Glacier is located on the south slope of Sahale Mountain, North Cascades National Park in the U.S. state of Washington. It is approximately 0.25 mi (0.40 km) in length and descends from 8,200 to 7,800 ft (2,500 to 2,400 m). Sahale is separated by ridges from Davenport Glacier to the northeast and the Quien Sabe Glacier to the north.

Davenport Glacier
Davenport Glacier is located in a cirque to the southeast of Boston Peak, North Cascades National Park in the U.S. state of Washington. The glacier is approximately .20 mi (0.32 km) in length resting at between 8,000 and 7,500 ft (2,400 and 2,300 m). The glacier is also northeast of Sahale Mountain and separated from the much larger Boston Glacier to the north by an arête called "Ripsaw Ridge".
Hayat Boumeddiene
Hayat Boumeddiene (born 26 June 1988), also known by the nom de guerre Umm Basir al-Muhajirah is a French terrorist and fugitive who participated in the January 2015 Île-de-France attacks. Currently at large, she is wanted as an accomplice of her partner, Amedy Coulibaly, who perpetrated the Montrouge shooting and the Porte de Vincennes siege.

According to Coulibaly's attorney, Boumeddiene was the more radical of the two. She arrived in Turkey five days before the attacks, was described by newspapers as "France's most wanted woman," and was last tracked on 10 January 2015 to the Islamic State-controlled border town of Tell Abyad in Syria.

Hasna Aït Boulahcen, who was killed in the later Paris attacks, was a fan of 
Boumeddiene and lauded her on Facebook. While still a fugitive, Boumeddiene was convicted in absentia by a French court in December 2020 and given a 30-year prison sentence.

Tell Abyad
Tell Abyad also spelled Tal Abyad, is a town in northern Syria. It is the administrative center of the Tell Abyad District within the Raqqa Governorate. Located along the Balikh River, it constitutes a divided city with the bordering city of Akçakale in Turkey.
Vladyslav Kalitvintsev
Vladyslav Yuriyovych Kalitvintsev (Ukrainian: Владислав Юрійович Калітвінцев; born 4 January 1993) is a professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Metalist 1925 Kharkiv. Born in Russia, he has represented Ukraine at youth level.

There are instances of his last name (surname) being spelled as Kalytvyntsev due to transliteration issues.

FC Metalist 1925 Kharkiv
Football Club Metalist 1925 Kharkiv (Ukrainian: Металіст 1925) is a professional football club from Kharkiv, Ukraine. Founded in 2016, the club plays in the Ukrainian Premier League, the top tier of Ukrainian football after promotion from the Ukrainian First League in 2024–25. Their home stadium is the Metalist Oblast Sports Complex, with 40,003 capacity.

Metalist Kharkiv was promoted to the Ukrainian Premier League after finishing in third place in the 2020–21 Ukrainian First League. They earned promotion on two previous occasions: placing second in the 2016–17 Ukrainian Football Amateur League and placing third in the 2017–18 Ukrainian Second League.
Amadjar
Amadjar is the eighth album by the Tuareg band Tinariwen, released on September 6, 2019. The album's title means "the foreign traveler" in the Tamashek language. The album features guest appearances by Noura Mint Seymali, Micah Nelson, Cass McCombs, Stephen O'Malley, Warren Ellis, and Rodolphe Burger. The album reached number 74 on the Ultratop albums chart in Belgium.

Stephen O'Malley
Stephen O'Malley (sometimes referred to as SOMA; born July 15, 1974) is an American guitarist, producer, composer, and visual artist from Seattle, Washington, who has conceptualized and participated in numerous drone metal, doom metal, and experimental music bands, most notably Sunn O))).
KMVQ-FM
KMVQ-FM (99.7 FM) is a commercial radio station licensed to San Francisco, California. It is owned by Salt Lake City–based Bonneville International, and broadcasts a contemporary hit radio format branded "99.7 Now". KMVQ-FM's studios are located in Daly City.

KMVQ-FM's transmitter is sited along Radio Road on San Bruno Mountain in Brisbane. KMVQ broadcasts using HD Radio technology.

Daly City, California
Daly City (/ˈdeɪli/) is the second-most populous city in San Mateo County, California, United States. Located in the San Francisco Bay Area, and immediately south of San Francisco (sharing its northern border with almost all of San Francisco's southern border), it is named for businessman and landowner John Donald Daly.  Its population was 104,901 at the 2020 census. The racial makeup of Daly City was 57.3% Asian, 11.7% non-Hispanic White, and 23.1% Hispanic or Latino of any race in the 2020 census. Notably, 33.2% of the population of Daly City is Filipino.
Gary Conway
Gary Conway (born February 4, 1936) is an American actor and screenwriter. His notable credits include a co-starring role with Gene Barry in the detective series Burke's Law from 1963 to 1965.  In addition, he starred in the Irwin Allen sci-fi series Land of the Giants from 1968 to 1970.

Gene Barry
Gene Barry (born Eugene Klass; June 14, 1919 – December 9, 2009) was an American stage, screen, and television actor and singer. Barry is best remembered for his leading roles in the films The Atomic City (1952) and The War of the Worlds (1953) and for his portrayal of the title characters in the TV series Bat Masterson and Burke's Law, among many roles.
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (also known as PEP carboxylase, PEPCase, or PEPC; EC 4.1.1.31, PDB ID: 3ZGE) is an enzyme in the family of carboxy-lyases found in plants and some bacteria that catalyzes the addition of bicarbonate (HCO3−) to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to form the four-carbon compound oxaloacetate and inorganic phosphate:

PEP + HCO3− → oxaloacetate + Pi

This reaction is used for carbon fixation in CAM (crassulacean acid metabolism) and C4 organisms, as well as to regulate flux through the citric acid cycle (also known as Krebs or TCA cycle) in bacteria and plants. The enzyme structure and its two step catalytic, irreversible mechanism have been well studied. PEP carboxylase is highly regulated, both by phosphorylation and allostery.

Bicarbonate
In inorganic chemistry, bicarbonate (American English: /baɪˈkɑːr.bə.neɪt/ ⓘ) (IUPAC-recommended nomenclature: hydrogencarbonate) is an intermediate form in the deprotonation of carbonic acid. It is a polyatomic anion with the chemical formula HCO3–.

Bicarbonate serves a crucial biochemical role in the physiological pH buffering system.

The term "bicarbonate" was coined in 1814 by the English chemist William Hyde Wollaston. The name lives on as a trivial name.
Harry Cahill
Harold Alexander Cahill (9 June 1930 – 18 September 2009), also known as Harry Cahill, was a Great Britain and Ireland men's field hockey international goalkeeper. He represented Great Britain at the 1960, 1964 and 1968 Summer Olympics. Between 1953 and 1973 he made 72 senior appearances for Ireland. He also represented Ireland at the 1970 Men's EuroHockey Nations Championship. In 1961 Cahill won an  Irish Senior Cup winners medal with Belfast YMCA. In 2006 he was inducted into the inaugural Irish Hockey Association Hall of Fame. He died on 18 September 2009 while on holiday in France.

1970 Men's EuroHockey Nations Championship
The 1970 Men's EuroHockey Nations Championship was the inaugural edition of the Men's EuroHockey Nations Championship, the quadrennial international men's field hockey championship of Europe organized by the European Hockey Federation. It was held from 19 to 27 September 1970 in Brussels, Belgium.

West Germany won the first-ever European championship by defeating the Netherlands 3–1 in the final. Spain won the bronze medal by defeating France 2–1.

The top four teams qualified for the 1971 Men's Hockey World Cup.
Noah's Ark (miniseries)
Noah's Ark is a 1999 American-Australian television miniseries directed by John Irvin and starring Jon Voight, Mary Steenburgen, F. Murray Abraham, Carol Kane, Jonathan Cake, Alexis Denisof, Emily Mortimer, Sydney Tamiia Poitier, and James Coburn. The film is a fictional adaptation of Noah's Ark from the Book of Genesis. It was initially televised in the United States, that same year, was also televised in Canada, Germany and Portugal, among other countries.

Alexis Denisof
Alexis Denisof (born February 25, 1966) is an American actor, primarily known for playing Wesley Wyndam-Pryce in the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer and its spin-off Angel. He also had a recurring role on How I Met Your Mother. His wife, Alyson Hannigan, starred in both Buffy the Vampire Slayer and How I Met Your Mother.
Leucoptera caffeina
Leucoptera caffeina is a species of moth. This leaf miner is one of several related pests on Coffea species. It is found in Angola, Zaire, Kenya and Tanzania in Africa. Other coffee leafminers include Leucoptera coffeella.

Leucoptera coffeella
Leucoptera coffeella (coffee leaf miner) is a moth in the family Lyonetiidae. It is found in every coffee-growing country in South America, Central America and the West Indies. It is considered one of the worst pest species of coffee.

The wingspan is about 6.5 millimetres (0.26 in).

The larvae feed on Coffea arabica.

Predators of Leucoptera coffeella include Protonectarina sylveirae and Synoeca cyanea, social wasps found in Brazil.
Frank Christian (singer-songwriter)
Frank Christian (born Frank P. Caputo, October 19, 1952 – December 24, 2012) was an American, Greenwich Village-based singer-songwriter and guitarist. His best-known song, "Three Flights Up" was recorded by Nanci Griffith for her Grammy Award-winning 1992 release Other Voices, Other Rooms.

Christian also had much success as a sideman.  He appeared on dozens of albums, backing such performers as Dave Van Ronk, Suzanne Vega, John Gorka, Nanci Griffith, and The Smithereens.

He began his guitar studies with the jazz guitarist Roosevelt Span.

He was a guitar teacher in New York City. Christian used to quip that if a person had studied blues guitar with Dave van Ronk and had absorbed everything Dave could teach them but still wanted to learn more, van Ronk would then send them to study with Frank Christian.

The Smithereens
The Smithereens are an American rock band from Carteret, New Jersey. The group formed in 1980 with members Pat DiNizio (vocals and guitar), Jim Babjak (guitar and vocals), Mike Mesaros (bass guitar and vocals), and Dennis Diken (drums and percussion). This original lineup continued until 2006, when Mesaros left the band and Severo Jornacion took over on bass guitar until Mesaros' return in 2016. After DiNizio died in 2017, the band continued performing live shows as a trio (Babjak, Mesaros and Diken) with various guest vocalists.

The band had a string of hits in the late 1980s through the mid-1990s, including "Only a Memory", "A Girl Like You" and "Too Much Passion". The Smithereens have collaborated with numerous musicians, both in the studio (Belinda Carlisle, Julian Lennon, Lou Reed, Suzanne Vega) and live (Otis Blackwell, Graham Parker and The Kinks). The band named themselves after a favorite word of cartoon character Yosemite Sam.
2016 Atlantic Coast Conference football season
The 2016 Atlantic Coast Conference football season was the 64th season of college football play for the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC), played from September 2016 to January 2017. The Atlantic Coast Conference consists of 14 members in two divisions. The Atlantic Division consists of Boston College, Clemson, Florida State, Louisville, North Carolina State, Syracuse, and Wake Forest. The Coastal Division consists of Duke, Georgia Tech, Miami, North Carolina, Pittsburgh, Virginia, and Virginia Tech. The two division champions met on December 3 in the 2016 ACC Championship Game. The game was originally scheduled to be played at Bank of America Stadium in Charlotte, North Carolina, but on September 14 the conference announced that the game would be moved to a neutral venue outside of North Carolina due to the controversy surrounding the Public Facilities Privacy & Security Act (commonly known as House Bill 2, or HB2).

2016 NC State Wolfpack football team
The 2016 NC State Wolfpack football team represented North Carolina State University in the 2016 NCAA Division I FBS football season. They played their home games at Carter–Finley Stadium in Raleigh, North Carolina. It was their fourth season under head coach Dave Doeren. They were a member of the Atlantic Division of the Atlantic Coast Conference.
Sahara Conference
The Sahara Conference is one of the three conferences that make up the Basketball Africa League (BAL), the other two being the Nile Conference and the Kalahari Conference. All conferences currently consist of four teams.

The conference alignment began in the 2022 season, although plans to have conferences were already set up before the inaugural season. Named after the Sahara, the conference has been played at a single venue thus far, the Dakar Arena in Dakar, Senegal for the past two seasons.

Dakar Arena
The Dakar Arena (nicknamed Palais des sports de Diamniadio) is an indoor sports arena located in Diamniadio, Senegal. Built between 2016 and 2018, it is primarily used for basketball games, and it is the home arena of the Senegal national basketball team and the Senegal women's national basketball team. The arena has a seating capacity of 15,000 people.

It is one of Africa's newest basketball arenas.