hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Giuseppe Ettore Viganò
Giuseppe Ettore Viganò (Tradate, 27 April 1843- Florence 8 August 8 1933) was an officer in the Royal Army and politician in the Kingdom of Italy, member of the Senate from 1906 and minister of war from 1906 to 1907.

Minister of War (Italy)
The minister of war of Italy (Italian: ministri della guerra del Regno d'Italia), was the minister responsible for the Ministry of War, which in turn oversaw the Royal Italian Army under the Kingdom of Italy between 1861 and 1946 and the Italian Army under the Italian Republic from 1946 to 1947. The position was abolished in 1947 when the Ministry of War, Ministry of the Navy, and Ministry of Aeronautics were merged to form the Ministry of Defence under the oversight of the new position of Minister of Defence.

The first minister of war was Manfredo Fanti, a general of the Royal Italian Army, while the last one was Cipriano Facchinetti, a member of the Italian Republican Party. The longest-serving minister was the fascist dictator Prime Minister Benito Mussolini of the National Fascist Party.
Shabab Kiranvi
Shabab Kairanwi (born Nazir Ahmed; 1926 – 5 November 1982) was a Pakistani film director, producer, and occasional screenwriter, lyricist and a novelist. He debuted in the Pakistani film industry as a producer and lyricist with Jalwa (1955) while he made his directorial debut with Surayya (1961).

He directed more than fifty films out of seventy-five he produced. His films as a producer includes Surayya (1961) and Shama-e-Mohabbat (1977) among others. Most of his films revolve around social issues, social inequality concerning poor and rich besides creating comedy films. He made his first color motion picture film in 1969 with Tumhi ho Mehboob Meray. Bemisaal is one of his films he worked as a scriptwriter.

Nigar Awards
The Nigar Awards (Urdu: نگارانعامات, romanized: Negār Inʿāmaʿat, lit. 'Picture Awards') were presented in an annual award show to recognize outstanding achievement in Pakistani cinema. The honors were awarded by Nigar Magazine founded in 1948. The Nigar Awards were Pakistan's version of the Academy Awards. The awards show had been discontinued for some 15 year, and a revival was planned in 2017.

The annual presentation ceremony featured performances by prominent artists. The first Nigar Awards ceremony was held in 1957, to honor the accomplishments of Pakistani cinema for the year 1956. In 2002, following the 46th Annual Nigar Awards, Nigar Magazine announced its discontinuation of the awards due to the collapse of the Pakistani cinema industry.

After a 15-year hiatus, with the revival of Pakistani cinema, the 47th Nigar Awards were announced to be held on 16 March 2017 in Karachi. They were eventually cancelled.
Wong Chuk Hang station
Wong Chuk Hang (Chinese: 黃竹坑) is an elevated MTR rapid transit station in Hong Kong on the eastern section of the South Island line, built on the Staunton Creek Nullah and off the old site of Wong Chuk Hang Estate in Staunton Creek (Chung Mei). The station opened on 28 December 2016 with the rest of the South Island line.

It is named after the locality of the same name further east and serves residents in that area. The station is connected to a public transport interchange on a widened section of Heung Yip Road. A network of footbridges serves future commercial and residential areas, and the station exists as a hub to the Shum Wan area as a whole. The South Island line depot is located to the south.

Wong Chuk Hang is the fourth railway station in the territory to be built on a river, after Tuen Mun and Siu Hong stations on Tuen Mun River, and Long Ping on Yuen Long Nullah.

Staunton Creek Nullah
Staunton Creek Nullah (Chinese: 黃竹坑明渠) is a nullah in Hong Kong, located in Wong Chuk Hang, in the Southern District of Hong Kong Island. The stream is in the east of the valley near Mount Cameron starting from Aberdeen Sports Ground as an artificial open channel, flowing along Heung Yip Road at Aberdeen Typhoon Shelter (Aberdeen Channel).
Hilliard's Bay Provincial Park
Hilliard's Bay Provincial Park  is a provincial park in Alberta, Canada. It is located 40 km (25 mi) from High Prairie, on the north-western shore of Lesser Slave Lake in northern Alberta.

The park is situated at an elevation of 590 m (1,940 ft) and has a surface of 24.8 km2 (9.6 sq mi). It was established on October 24, 1978, and is maintained by Alberta Tourism, Parks and Recreation.

High Prairie
High Prairie is a town in northern Alberta, Canada within Big Lakes County. It is located at the junction of Highway 2 and Highway 749, approximately 89 km (55 mi) northeast of Valleyview and 118 km (73 mi) west of Slave Lake.
Athletics at the 1904 Summer Olympics – Men's pole vault
The men's pole vault was a track and field athletics event held as part of the Athletics at the 1904 Summer Olympics programme. It was the third time the event was held. Seven pole vaulters from two nations participated. The competition was held on Saturday, September 3, 1904. The event was won by Charles Dvorak of the United States, the nation's third consecutive victory in the event. With six of the seven vaulters, the United States swept the top three places—the first time that occurred in the pole vault, though the Americans had never had more than two vaulters compete previously. Through the 1904 Games, no American pole vaulter had ever placed lower than any non-American vaulter.

Athletics at the 1904 Summer Olympics
At the 1904 Summer Olympics, twenty-five athletics events were contested. A total of 74 medals (25 gold, 25 silver and 24 bronze) were awarded.

Multi-event competitions, the all-around and triathlon, were introduced, along with a 56-pound weight throw, while the short steeplechase was lengthened slightly from 2500 to 2590 metres, the team race was lengthened from 5000 meters to 4 miles (6,437 m), and the long steeplechase was dropped.

In all, the 25 events featured in 1904 were two more than were held in 1900.

A track was built specifically for the Games on the campus of Washington University in St. Louis. The track was a cinder track 1⁄3 mile (536.448m) in length, with one long straightaway.
1999 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
The 1999 Cork Senior Hurling Championship was the 111th staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The draw for the 1999 opening round fixtures took place on 11 December 1998. The championship began on 5 June 1999 and ended on 31 October 1999. It was the last championship to be played using a straight knock-out format.

Imokilly were the defending champions, however, they were defeated by University College Cork in the semi-final.

On 31 October 1999, Blackrock won the championship following a 3–17 to 0–8 defeat of University College Cork in the final. This was their 30th championship title and their first in 14 championship seasons.

University College Cork's Joe Deane was the championship's top scorer with 3-26.

1998 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
The 1998 Cork Senior Hurling Championship was the 110th staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The draw for the opening fixtures took place on 14 December 1997. The championship ended on 1 November 1998.

Imokilly entered the championship as the defending champions.

On 1 November 1998, Imokilly won the championship following a 1–10 to 1–05 defeat of Blackrock in the final. This was their second championship title overall and their second in succession. I
Brian Cunningham of St. Finbarr's was the championship's top scorer with 3-23.
Supervivientes: Perdidos en Honduras (2025)
Supervivientes 2025: Perdidos en Honduras is the twentieth season of the show Supervivientes and the twenty-sixth season of Survivor to air in Spain, and the first season since the premiere of Supervivientes: All Stars in summer 2024. It will premiere March 6, as announced by the network.

Supervivientes: All Stars
Supervivientes: All Stars is the twentieth season of the show Supervivientes and the twenty-fourth season of Survivor to air in Spain. It is the first All Stars season of the franchise. The season premiered June 20, 2024 and it runs until July 28, 2024.
Chromis albicauda
Chromis albicauda, the white-caudal chromis, is a species of damselfish belonging to the genus Chromis. It can be found in the Western Pacific Ocean along the northern and western shores of Nusa Penida, Indonesia and the southern Japanese seas. It inhabits areas of cool upwelling. It typically forms aggregations, feeding high in the water column on zooplankton when currents are strong. It is oviparous, and the males of the species guard and aerate the eggs.

Chromis
Chromis is a genus of fish in the family Pomacentridae.  While the term damselfish describes a group of marine fish including more than one genus, Chromis is the largest genus of damselfishes. Certain species within the genus are common in the aquarium trade.
Curtiss L
The Curtiss L is the first in a series of 503 cu in (8.2 L) water-cooled V8 engines, produced by the Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company.

Early Curtiss engines were air-cooled, but in pursuit of greater power, Curtiss began developing liquid-cooled designs. Historical records indicate a Model L engine was fitted to a Curtiss built monoplane which was displayed, but not flown, at the 1910 Gordon Bennett race at Belmont Park, New York. It is also likely that a Model L engine powered the aircraft that crashed in Macon, Georgia, in 1912, resulting in the death of the aviator Eugene Burton Ely.

Continued development of Curtiss's 503 cu in (8.2 L) V8 series eventual lead to the commercially successful Curtiss OX-5 engines which were built in large numbers during World War I.

Curtiss OX-5
The Curtiss OX-5 was an early V-8 American liquid-cooled aircraft engine built by Curtiss. It was the first American-designed aircraft engine to enter mass production, although it was considered obsolete when it did so in 1917. It nevertheless found widespread use on a number of aircraft, perhaps the most famous being the JN-4 "Jenny". Some 12,600 units were built through early 1919. The wide availability of the engine in the surplus market made it common until the 1930s, although it was considered unreliable for most of its service life.
Aino (given name)
Aino is a feminine given name used in Finland, Estonia, and Japan.

The name Aino, meaning "the only one" in Finnish, was devised by Elias Lönnrot, who compiled, from surviving oral folk sources which he had collected, the Kalevala. In this epic poem, Aino is a beautiful girl who seems to wish to drown herself rather than marry the elderly Väinämöinen. Later in the story, she is unexpectedly lost in the water while bathing in a strange, unknown lake. In the original poems, she is mentioned as "the only daughter" (ainoa tyttö).

Aino Sibelius
Aino Sibelius (née Järnefelt; 10 August 1871 – 8 June 1969) was the wife of Finnish composer Jean Sibelius. They lived most of their 65 years of marriage at their home Ainola near Lake Tuusula, Järvenpää, Finland. They had six daughters: Eva (1893–1978), Ruth (1894–1976), Kirsti (1898–1900), Katarina (1903–1984), Margareta (1908–1988) and Heidi (1911–1982).
Richard Dyantyi
Qubudile Richard Dyantyi (born 25 October 1968) is a South African politician who represented the African National Congress (ANC) in the National Assembly from 2019 until 2024. Before that, he was a Member of the Western Cape Provincial Parliament and served as the Western Cape's Member of the Executive Council (MEC) for Local Government and Housing from 2005 to 2008. In 2021, he was elected chairperson of the national parliament's Committee for the Section 194 Enquiry into Busisiwe Mkhwebane's fitness to hold office.

Busisiwe Mkhwebane
Busisiwe Mkhwebane is a South African advocate and prosecutor who served as the 4th Public Protector of South Africa from October 2016 until her impeachment in September 2023. Following her impeachment, she served as a Member of the National Assembly of South Africa from October 2023 to October 2024, representing the EFF. She is the first head of a Chapter 9 institution to be removed through impeachment.
Masten Gregory
Masten Gregory (February 29, 1932 − November 8, 1985) was an American racing driver, who competed in Formula One from 1957 to 1965. Nicknamed "the Kansas City Flash", Gregory won the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 1965 with NART.

Gregory participated in 43 Formula One Grands Prix, predominantly with privateer teams; he also competed in numerous non-championship races, winning the 1962 Kanonloppet with BRP. Gregory was also successful in sportscar racing, entering 16 editions of the 24 Hours of Le Mans between 1955 and 1972, winning in 1965 alongside Jochen Rindt, driving the Ferrari 250LM.

Cooper Car Company
The Cooper Car Company was a British car manufacturer founded in December 1947 by Charles Cooper and his son John Cooper.  Together with John's boyhood friend, Eric Brandon, they began by building racing cars in Charles's small garage in Surbiton, Surrey, England, in 1946. Through the 1950s and early 1960s they reached motor racing's highest levels as their mid-engined, single-seat cars competed in both Formula One and the Indianapolis 500, and their Mini Cooper dominated rally racing.  The Cooper name lives on in the Cooper versions of the Mini production cars that are built in England, but is now owned and marketed by BMW.
Pry (software)
Pry is an interactive shell for the Ruby programming language. It is notable for its Smalltalk-inspired ability to start a REPL within a running program. This lets programmers debug and modify the current state of a system.

Ruby (programming language)
Ruby is a general-purpose programming language. Its design puts an emphasis on programming productivity and simplicity. In Ruby, everything is an object, including primitive data types. Yukihiro "Matz" Matsumoto started to develop the language in the mid-1990s in Japan.

Ruby is interpreted, high-level, and dynamically typed; its interpreter uses garbage collection and just-in-time compilation. It supports multiple programming paradigms, including procedural, object-oriented, and functional programming. According to the creator, Ruby was influenced by Perl, Smalltalk, Eiffel, Ada, BASIC, and Lisp.
National Filling Factory, Banbury
National Filling Factory, Banbury, officially called National Filling Factory No. 9. was a British Ministry of Munitions filling factory, constructed during World War I and located in Banbury, Oxfordshire. The production of filled shells began in April 1916 and ended when the factory closed in 1924

Filling factories in the United Kingdom
A filling factory was a manufacturing plant that specialised in filling various munitions, such as bombs, shells, cartridges, pyrotechnics, and screening smokes. In the United Kingdom, during both world wars of the 20th century, the majority of the employees were women.

In World War I, a filling factory belonging to the Ministry of Munitions was known as a National Filling Factory.

In World War II, a filling factory belonging to the Ministry of Supply was known as a Royal Filling Factory (RFF), or a Royal Ordnance Factory (ROF). These were all part of the Royal Ordnance Factory organisation, owned by the MoS.

The filling of smoke screen canisters and other pyrotechnic devices was also carried out by fireworks manufacturers, particularly in World War II, but these are not specifically covered by this article.
Phosphoglycerate kinase
Phosphoglycerate kinase (EC 2.7.2.3) (PGK 1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the reversible transfer of a phosphate group from 1,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid (1,3-BPG) to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) producing 3-phosphoglyceric acid (3-PG) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP):

Like all kinases it is a transferase. PGK is a major enzyme used in glycolysis, in the first ATP-generating step of the glycolytic pathway. In gluconeogenesis, the reaction catalyzed by PGK proceeds in the opposite direction, generating ADP and 1,3-BPG.

In humans, two isozymes of PGK have been so far identified, PGK1 and PGK2. The isozymes have 87-88% identical amino acid sequence identity and though they are structurally and functionally similar, they have different localizations: PGK2, encoded by an autosomal gene, is unique to meiotic and postmeiotic spermatogenic cells, while PGK1, encoded on the X-chromosome, is ubiquitously expressed in all cells.

Conformational change
In biochemistry, a conformational change is a change in the shape of a macromolecule, often induced by environmental factors.

A macromolecule is usually flexible and dynamic. It can change its shape in response to changes in its environment or other factors; each possible shape is called a conformation, and a transition between them is called a conformational change. Factors that may induce such changes include temperature, pH, voltage, light in chromophores, ion concentration, phosphorylation, or the binding of a ligand.
Darren Lighty
Darren Lighty (born April 6, 1969 in Paterson, New Jersey) is an American hip-hop and R&B record producer and songwriter.

Lighty got his initial start in the industry as part of the group The Flex, which also included his brother Cliff Lighty and Eric Williams. They were discovered by hip hop producer Marley Marl, who had them sing the hooks on songs he produced for LL Cool J, Heavy D. & the Boyz, Craig G and Intelligent Hoodlum. The group disbanded before recording an album and the trio went their separate ways. Darren and his brother Cliff continued on as songwriters and session musicians, while Eric Williams became a member of Teddy Riley's group Blackstreet.

In the early 2000s, Lighty closely worked with Eddie F. on several songs as a producer. He later collaborated with Naughty by Nature member Kay Gee for production and songwriting. Lighty has worked with artists such as Aaliyah, Donell Jones, Jaheim, Next, Luther Vandross, Queen Latifah, Nas, Mario and more.

Marley Marl
Marlon Lu'Ree Williams (born September 30, 1962), better known by his stage name Marley Marl, is an American DJ, record producer, rapper and record label founder, primarily operating in hip-hop music. Marlon grew up in Queensbridge housing projects located in Queens, New York. He performed in local talent shows during the early days of rap music, further fueling his interest.

He was also featured on Eric B. & Rakim's "Paid in Full" from their debut album, which was also recorded in his studio. 
He is credited with influencing a number of hip hop icons such as Biggie Smalls, RZA, DJ Premier, Madlib, and Pete Rock. Producer Madlib stated in an interview that Marley was the first producer who inspired him to make beats. Vibe magazine wrote that he, "forever changed the sound of hip-hop with his unique beat barrages."
Cham-e Astan
Cham-e Astan (Persian: چم آستان, also Romanized as Cham-e Āstān; also known as Cham-e Āsīn) is a village in Kuhdasht-e Shomali Rural District, in the Central District of Kuhdasht County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 156, in 32 families.

Kuhdasht-e Shomali Rural District
Kuhdasht-e Shomali Rural District (Persian: دهستان کوهدشت شمالی) is in the Central District of Kuhdasht County, Lorestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Namju. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Horin Khalifeh.
SS Athelstane (1941)
Athelstane was a 8,129 GRT tanker that was built in 1941 as Empire Flint by Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson Ltd, Wallsend, Northumberland, United Kingdom for the Ministry of War Transport (MoWT). She was sold to Athel Line Ltd in 1945 and renamed Athelstane. She was sold to Skibs A/S Vaholm in 1952 and renamed Oakley. Sold to H A Moller A/S in 1959, she served until 1962 when she was scrapped.

River Tyne
The River Tyne /ˈtaɪn/ ⓘ is a river in North East England. Its length (excluding tributaries) is 73 miles (118 km). It is formed by the North Tyne and the South Tyne, which converge at Warden near Hexham in Northumberland at a place dubbed 'The Meeting of the Waters'.

The Tyne Rivers Trust measure the whole Tyne catchment as 2,936 km2 (1,134 square miles), containing 4,399 km (2,733 miles) of waterways.
Adidas Stan Smith
Adidas Stan Smith is a tennis shoe made by Adidas, and first launched in 1965. Originally named "Adidas Robert Haillet" after the brand endorsed French prominent player Robert Haillet, in 1978 the sneakers were renamed after Stan Smith, an American tennis player who was active between the end of the 1960s and the beginning of the 1980s.

The shoe, usually made with a white leather upper and laces, has a simple design. Unlike most Adidas shoes, it does not have the external three stripes. Instead there are three rows of perforations (or punched ventilation holes) on both sides of each shoe's leather upper. There is sometimes a sketched picture of Stan Smith on the tongue of the shoe. In some sense, the Adidas branding is minimal on the shoe. The design and form of the shoe has basically stayed the same since it was introduced, but several new versions and colorways have appeared during the years.

Adidas Originals
Adidas Originals (often stylized as adidas Originals) is a brand of a line of casual and sportswear created by German multinational corporation Adidas. It consists of a heritage line, specializing in athletic shoes, t-shirts, jackets, bags, sunglasses and other accessories.

The clothing and the accessories are under such categories as Superstar and Adicolor, designed by Adidas itself. There was also a collection named "Originals Denim" by Diesel, a concept trialled in New York City and Berlin.
Diego Alves
Diego Alves Carreira (born 24 June 1985), known as Diego Alves, is a Brazilian former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

Having begun his career at Atlético Mineiro in Brazil, he spent most of it in Spain with Almería and Valencia, making 269 La Liga appearances during the decade he played in Spain, during which time he stopped a record 23 penalty kicks. In 2017 he returned to Brazil, and won several honours with Flamengo, including the Copa Libertadores in 2019.

Alves was part of the Brazilian squad which won a bronze medal at the 2008 Olympics, and made his senior international debut in 2011. He represented the latter at the Copa América Centenario.

Football at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Football at the 2008 Summer Olympics was held in Beijing and several other cities in the People's Republic of China from 6 to 23 August. Associations affiliated with FIFA were invited to send their full women's national teams and men's U-23 teams to participate. Men's teams were allowed to augment their squad with three players over the age of 23.

For these games, the men competed in a 16-team tournament, and the women in a 12-team tournament. Preliminary matches commenced two days before the Opening Ceremony of the Games on 8 August.
Marty Overweg
Marty Overweg is an American politician and businessman serving as a member of the South Dakota House of Representatives from the 19th district. A member of the Republican Party, Overweg assumed office on January 6, 2020 after being nominated by Governor Kristi Noem to succeed Kyle Schoenfish, who was appointed to the State Senate.

A resident of New Holland, South Dakota, Overweg owns an agricultural sales company. He and his wife have five children.

Kyle Schoenfish
Kyle Schoenfish (/ˈʃeɪnfɪʃ/ SHAYN-fish; born November 1, 1987) is an American politician serving as a Republican member of the South Dakota Senate. Schoenfish had previously served as a member of the South Dakota House of Representatives, representing District 19 since January 11, 2013.