hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Miqat
The miqat (Arabic: مِيْقَات, romanized: mīqāt, lit. 'a stated place') is a principal boundary at which Muslim pilgrims intending to perform the Ḥajj or ʿUmrah must enter the state of iḥrām (lit. 'prohibition'), a state of consecration in which certain permitted (and prohibited) activities are made prohibited.

There are five mawāqīt (مَوَاقِيْت). Four of these were defined by the Islamic prophet Muhammad. One was defined by the second Rashidun caliph, Umar ibn Al-Khattab, to fulfill the needs of pilgrims from the newly annexed regions in Mesopotamia and Persia.

Haram (site)
Haram (Arabic: حَرَم, romanized: ḥaram, lit. 'sanctuary') is one of several similar words originating from the triliteral Semitic root Ḥ-R-M. The word literally means "sanctuary", commonly used by Muslims to refer to Al-Masjid Al-Haram and Prophet Mohammad's Mosque. There are certain rules which Muslims within these two areas must follow.

Another meaning of the word which was used in the past but has since fallen out of use, include an "inviolable/protected zone", referring to an area in which the number of residing families was limited, attributed to the idea of carrying capacity and early forms of nature reserves, and to the prayer hall of the mosque.
NCAA Season 92 volleyball tournaments
The volleyball tournaments of NCAA Season 92 started on November 14, 2016. The College of Saint Benilde is currently hosting the tournament. Games are played at the Filoil Flying V Arena in San Juan, with two women's and men's games. The women's and men's semifinals' and finals' games are aired live by ABS-CBN Sports and Action and in High Definition on ABS-CBN Sports and Action HD 166.

Perpetual Altas, Lady Altas and Junior Altas
The Perpetual Altas and Lady Altas, or the UPHSD Altas and Lady Altas, are the National Collegiate Athletic Association (Philippines) teams of the University of Perpetual Help System DALTA. They are also popularly known as the Perps.

Since joining the NCAA in 1984, the university's senior varsity basketball team only made the NCAA Finals twice. In spite of the poor financial support, their biggest run was in the late 1980s, led by the "big three" Bong Hawkins, Eric Quiday, and Ronald Sy, against the SSCR Stags' "big three", Paul Alvarez, Eugene Quilban, and Nap Hatton. They are the only NCAA basketball team that joined in the 20th century that's still in the NCAA to have never won a men's basketball championship.

The Altas have been successful in other sports, winning titles in volleyball and in the NCAA Cheerleading Competition.

The university's juniors' team are called the UPHSD Junior Altas (formerly the "Altalettes").
Scharnhorst Memorial, Berlin
The Scharnhorst Memorial on Unter den Linden avenue in Berlin's Mitte district commemorates the Prussian military reformer and freedom fighter Gerhard von Scharnhorst (1755–1813). Created from 1819 to 1822 by Christian Daniel Rauch in neoclassical style, it is a masterpiece of the Berlin school of sculpture.

Until 1951 the memorial stood to the right of the Neue Wache, with which it formed an urban ensemble, and since 1963 it has stood opposite it. The marble statue was removed in 2021 due to weathering and will be replaced by a replica. In this context the re-erection at the original location is being discussed.

Unter den Linden
Unter den Linden (German: [ˈʊntɐ deːn ˈlɪndn̩] ⓘ, "under the linden trees") is a boulevard in the central Mitte district of Berlin, Germany. Running from the Berlin Palace to the Brandenburg Gate, it is named after the linden trees (known as lime in the UK and Ireland and basswood in North America, not related to citrus lime) that line the grassed pedestrian mall on the median and the two broad carriageways. The avenue links numerous Berlin sights, landmarks and rivers for sightseeing.
National Railway Chiba Motive Power Union
National Railway Chiba Motive Power Union (国鉄千葉動力車労働組合, Kokutetsu-chiba-dōryokusha-rōdōkumiai) is a Japanese trade union, which is usually referred to as  Doro-Chiba (動労千葉, Dōrō-chiba). It has also been referred to as the Chiba Motormen's Union in English. It split from the National Railway Motive Power Union (Doro) in 1979.

National Railway Workers' Union
The National Railway Workers' Union (NRU) (国鉄労働組合, Kokutetsu-rōdō-kumiai) is a Japanese trade union, which is usually referred to as Kokurō (国労) in Japanese. Historically, Kokurō represented many of the workers who worked for Japanese National Railways (JNR), from which the union derived its name. For several decades in the postwar period, Kokurō was one of the most powerful unions in Japan, with a membership in the hundreds of thousands, before falling into decline. As of 2016, Kokurō had just 9,000 members.
2011 Salford City Council election
The 2011 Salford City Council election took place on 5 May 2011 to elect members of Salford City Council in England. This was on the same day as other local elections.

Salford local elections are organised 'in thirds', with Councillors elected in 2007 defending their seats in 2011, with vote share changes calculated on that basis.

One third of the council was up for election. The Labour Party gained five seats and remains in overall control of the council. The results mirrored those of the 2010 elections with Labour winning the same seventeen wards and the Conservatives three wards.

The composition of the Council following the 2011 elections is:

Salford City Council elections
Salford City Council elections are generally held three years out of every four, with a third of the council being elected each time. Salford City Council is the local authority for the metropolitan borough of Salford in Greater Manchester, England. Since the last boundary changes in 2020, 60 councillors have been elected from 20 wards.
United States Army Materiel Systems Analysis Activity
United States Army Materiel Systems Analysis Activity (AMSAA) is an analysis organization of the United States Army. AMSAA's overall goal is to provide soldiers with the best U.S. Army materiel possible. AMSAA supports the U.S. Army by conducting systems and engineering analyses to support decisions on technology, materiel acquisitions, and the designing, developing and sustaining of U.S. Army weapon systems.

United States Army Materiel Command
The United States Army Materiel Command (AMC) is the primary provider of materiel to the United States Army via its contracting support brigades.

AMC operates depots; arsenals; ammunition plants; and other facilities, and maintains the Army's prepositioned stocks, both on land and afloat. The command is also the Department of Defense Executive Agent for conventional ammunition and the U.S. chemical weapons stockpile.

AMC is responsible for the business of selling United States Army equipment and services to allies of the United States and negotiates and implements agreements for co-production of U.S. weapons systems by other states.
St. Mary's Seminary and University
St. Mary's Seminary and University is a Catholic seminary located within the Archdiocese of Baltimore in Baltimore, Maryland; it was the first seminary founded in the United States after the Revolution and has been run since its founding by the Society of the Priests of Saint Sulpice.

Archdiocese of Detroit
The Archdiocese of Detroit (Latin: Archidiœcesis Detroitensis) is an archdiocese of the Catholic Church in the south-east portion of Michigan in the United States. It is the metropolitan archdiocese of the Ecclesiastical Province of Detroit, which includes all the dioceses in the state of Michigan. It was erected in 1833 and elevated to an archdiocese in 1937. The Cathedral of the Most Blessed Sacrament is the mother church. The Basilica of Sainte Anne de Détroit is the second oldest continuously operating Catholic parish in the United States, dating to 1701.
Apogee Entertainment
Apogee Entertainment, formerly Apogee Software, LLC, is an American video game publisher based in Rowlett, Texas. The company was founded by Terry Nagy in 2008 after he licensed the rights to the name and logo from Scott Miller and his company, 3D Realms, which had used both previously. After reorganizing as Apogee Entertainment in 2021, it hired Miller for its publishing operations.

Rowlett, Texas
Rowlett (/raʊˈlɛt/, traditionally /ˈraʊlɪt/) is a city in Dallas and Rockwall Counties in Texas, United States, and an eastern suburb of Dallas. It is a growing, upscale community with nearly $1.5 billion in development in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, located on Lake Ray Hubbard.

The population was 62,535 at the 2020 census, and according to 2023 census estimates, the city is estimated to have a population of 66,813.
Jiangshanian
28°48′57″N 118°36′54″E﻿ / ﻿28.815967°N 118.614933°E﻿ / 28.815967; 118.614933

The Jiangshanian is the middle stage of the Furongian series. It follows the Paibian Stage and is succeeded by the still unnamed Stage 10 of the Cambrian. The base is defined as the first appearance of the trilobite Agnostotes orientalis which is estimated to be 494.2 million years ago. The Jiangshanian lasted until approximately 491 million years ago.

The Jiangshanian stage was named after Jiangshan, a city in China's Zhejiang province, where its GSSP was defined.

Stage (stratigraphy)
In chronostratigraphy, a stage is a succession of rock strata laid down in a single age on the geologic timescale, which usually represents millions of years of deposition.  A given stage of rock and the corresponding age of time will by convention have the same name, and the same boundaries.

Rock series are divided into stages, just as geological epochs are divided into ages. Stages are divided into smaller stratigraphic units called chronozones or substages, and added together into superstages.

The term faunal stage is sometimes used, referring to the fact that the same fauna (animals) are found throughout the layer (by definition).
West Lake Cultural Square station
West Lake Cultural Square (Chinese: 西湖文化广场) is an interchange station between Line 1, Line 3 and Line 19 of Hangzhou Metro in China. It was opened in November 2012, together with the rest of the stations on Line 1. It is located at Xihuwenhua Square in Gongshu District of Hangzhou. The station is designed to accommodate a paired cross-platform interchange with Line 3.

Line 1 (Hangzhou Metro)
Line 1 of the Hangzhou Metro (Chinese: 杭州地铁一号线; pinyin: Hángzhōu Dìtiě Yī Hào Xiàn) is an arc-shaped rapid transit line running from Xianghu station in western Xiaoshan District to Xiaoshan International Airport in eastern Xiaoshan District, passing through downtown Hangzhou. The line opened on 24 November 2012. It is the oldest in the city's metro network.

The line is 52 km (32 mi) long with 33 stations.

The line is operated by Hangzhou MTR, a consortium consisting of the Hangzhou Metro, which holds a 51% share, and the Hong Kong-based MTR Corporation Ltd., which holds a 49% share. As a result, the voice of Cheri Chan Yu-yan, the announcer of the Hong Kong MTR, can be heard on the English announcements on this line.
Casa Alcide de Gasperi museum
Casa Alcide de Gasperi museum (Museo Casa De Gasperi), opened in 2006, is located in Pieve Tesino where the Italian statesman was born in 1881.

De Gasperi's effort was fundamental to the construction of the European Union, he played a decisive role in the reconstruction of Europe after World War II, culminating in his election as the president of the European Coal and Steel Community in 1954.

In addition to raising awareness on the de Gasperi figure, the purpose of the museum is to endorse the democratic values of the European Union, motivated also by its transboundary history and location between the Italian and German cultures.

The museum received the European Heritage Label.

Alcide De Gasperi
Alcide Amedeo Francesco De Gasperi (Italian: [alˈtʃiːde de ˈɡasperi]; 3 April 1881 – 19 August 1954) was an Italian politician and statesman who founded the Christian Democracy party and served as prime minister of Italy in eight successive coalition governments from 1945 to 1953.

De Gasperi was the last prime minister of the Kingdom of Italy, serving under both Victor Emmanuel III and Umberto II. He was also the first prime minister of the Italian Republic, and also briefly served as provisional head of state after the Italian people voted to end the monarchy and establish a republic. His eight-year term in office remains a landmark of political longevity for a leader in modern Italian politics. De Gasperi is the fifth longest-serving prime minister since the Risorgimento.

A devout Catholic, he was one of the founding fathers of the European Union along with fellow Italian Altiero Spinelli.
India national under-23 football team
The India national under-23 football team represents India in international under-23 football and is controlled by the All India Football Federation (AIFF). A member of the Asian Football Confederation (AFC), the team is eligible to compete in the Summer Olympic Games, the AFC U-23 Asian Cup, and the Asian Games, subject to qualification.

Since only allowing under-23 sides to compete in the Olympic Games in 1992, India have never qualified for the summer games. The under-23 side have also never participated in the AFC U-23 Asian Cup while at best only making it to the round of 16 in the Asian Games.

Brunei national under-23 football team
Brunei national under-23 football team (also known as Brunei Under-23, Brunei U-23 or Brunei Olympic Team) represents Brunei in international football competitions in Olympic Games, Asian Games and SEA Games, as well as any other under-23 international football tournaments.
Tonalamatl
The tonalamatl [toːnaˈlaːmatɬ] is a divinatory almanac used in central Mexico in the decades, and perhaps centuries, leading up to the Spanish conquest.  The word itself is Nahuatl in origin, meaning "pages of days".

The tonalamatl was structured around the sacred 260-day year, the tonalpohualli.  This 260-day year consisted of 20 trecena of 13 days each.  Each page of a tonalamatl represented one trecena, and was adorned with a painting of that trecena's reigning deity and decorated with the 13 day-signs and 13 other glyphs.  These day-signs and glyphs were used to cast horoscopes and discern the future.

The best surviving examples of tonalamatl are the Codex Borbonicus and the Codex Borgia.

Almanac
An almanac (also spelled almanack and almanach) is a regularly published listing of a set of current information about one or multiple subjects. It includes information like weather forecasts, farmers' planting dates, tide tables, and other tabular data often arranged according to the calendar. Celestial figures and various statistics are found in almanacs, such as the rising and setting times of the Sun and Moon, dates of eclipses, hours of high and low tides, and religious festivals. The set of events noted in an almanac may be tailored for a specific group of readers, such as farmers, sailors, or astronomers.
Seminal Live
Seminal Live is a 1989 album by the English rock band the Fall, recorded partly in the studio and partly at live performances in 1988. The album was the last to be released by the group through Beggars Banquet Records, and as such is often seen as a "contractual obligation" album. It was also the last Fall album to feature Brix Smith, former wife of the lead singer Mark E. Smith, until her return for 1995's Cerebral Caustic.

The studio recordings on Seminal Live were all new songs and make up the first five tracks of the album—side one on the original vinyl release. The live recordings on side two, meanwhile, are all versions of previously released tracks.

In a 2006 interview with The Pseud Mag fanzine, keyboardist Marcia Schofield called Seminal Live "the worst piece of shit I have ever worked on [...] Talk about exhausted and out of ideas. It was one of those-we've just come off tour and have to make a record so what shit covers can we bung on it?-album".

Cerebral Caustic
Cerebral Caustic is the seventeenth full-length studio album by English post-punk group the Fall, released in 1995 on Permanent Records. It spent one week on the UK Albums Chart at number 67, 19 places lower than its predecessor Middle Class Revolt, marking the end of one of the group's relatively more successful periods.
Tamonea
Tamonea is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Verbenaceae.

Its native range is Mexico to Tropical America.

Species:

Tamonea boxiana (Moldenke) R.A.Howard

Tamonea curassavica (L.) Pers.

Tamonea euphrasiifolia B.L.Rob.

Tamonea juncea Schauer

Tamonea spicata Aubl.

Tamonea subbiflora Urb. & Ekman

Verbenaceae
The Verbenaceae (/ˌvɜːrbəˈneɪsi.iː/ VUR-bə-NAY-see-ee), the verbena family or vervain family, is a family of mainly tropical flowering plants. It contains trees, shrubs, and herbs notable for heads, spikes, or clusters of small flowers, many of which have an aromatic smell.

The family Verbenaceae includes 32 genera and 800 species. Phylogenetic studies have shown that numerous genera traditionally classified in Verbenaceae belong instead in Lamiaceae. The mangrove genus Avicennia, sometimes placed in the Verbenaceae or in its own family, Avicenniaceae, has been placed in the Acanthaceae.

Economically important Verbenaceae include:

Lemon verbena (Aloysia triphylla), grown for aroma or flavoring

Verbenas or vervains (Verbena), some used in herbalism, others grown in gardens
Grübelekopf
The Grübelekopf (also spelled Grüblekopf or Gribellakopf) is a mountain of the Samnaun Alps, located on the border between Austria and Switzerland.

The Grübelekopf is the northernmost point of the Austrian-Swiss border in the Samnaun Alps and the tripoint between the Samnaun valley, the Visnitztal and the Grübeletal.

Samnaun Alps
The Samnaun Alps are a mountain range of the Central Eastern Alps, named after the Swiss municipality of Samnaun. They are located at the border of the Austrian state of Tyrol and the Graubünden canton of Switzerland.

The Samnaun Alps are separated from the Sesvenna Alps in the south by the Engadine Valley; from the Silvretta Alps in the west by the Fimber Pass; from the Verwall Alps and the Lechtal Alps in the north by the Paznauntal; from the Ötztal Alps in the east by the Inn valley. All the range is drained by the river Inn, through the Trisanna, Schergenbach, Brancla and Fimbabach.
Ōkubo Tadachika
Ōkubo Tadachika (大久保 忠隣; 1553 – July 28, 1628), or also known as Ōkubo Nagayasu (大久保 長安), was daimyō of Odawara Domain in Sagami Province in early Edo period, Japan. Ōkubo Tadachika was the son of Ōkubo Tadayo, a Fudai daimyō hereditary vassal to the Tokugawa clan in what is now part of the city of Okazaki, Aichi.

He entered into service as a samurai from age 11, and took his first head in battle at the age of 16. Ōkubo Tadachika appointed as Rōjū After the establishment of Tokugawa shogunate. He came to be regarded as one of Ieyasu's most experienced and trusted advisors, along with Honda Masanobu.

He was most known in history for his political career's demise due to the "Ōkubo clan's incidents", which caused him stripped from most of his domains control and exiled by the Shogunate.

He also known for his work of Mikawa Monogatari chronicle, which recorded the history of Tokugawa Ieyasu's rise to power and the early Tokugawa shogunate.

Ōmi Province
Ōmi Province (近江国, Ōmi no Kuni; Japanese pronunciation: [oꜜː.mʲi (no kɯ.ɲi)]) was a province of Japan, which today comprises Shiga Prefecture. It was one of the provinces that made up the Tōsandō circuit. Its nickname is Gōshū (江州). Under the Engishiki classification system, Ōmi was ranked as one of the 13 "great countries" (大国) in terms of importance, and one of the "near countries" (近国) in terms of distance from the imperial capital Kyoto.

Ōmi bordered on Wakasa and Echizen Provinces to the north, Mino and Ise Provinces to the east, Iga and Yamato Provinces to the south, and Yamashiro and Tanba Provinces to the west. Lake Biwa, Japan's largest lake, is located at the center of the province.
Joymoti (2006 film)
Joymoti (The saviour) is an Assamese biographical film directed by Manju Borah. It was released in the year 2006. Shooting of the film was done in Ketetong village at Margherita, Assam.Miao Arunachal Pradesh

Joymoti Konwari
Joymoti Konwari was the wife of Ahom prince Gadapani (later Supatphaa).  She died at the hands of the royalists under Sulikphaa Loraa Roja without disclosing her exiled husband Gadapani's whereabouts in the Naga Hills, thereby enabling her husband to rise in revolt and assume kingship.
Robert Thompson (water polo)
Robert Thompson (born June 11, 1947) is a retired Canadian water polo player and coach. He competed at the 1972 Olympics in Munich where his team finished in 16th place. He was one of the unsuspecting athletes who helped the Munich massacre terrorists to climb over the fence into the Olympic Village.

Thompson was born in a swimming family – his father James and elder sister Patty were Olympic swimmers and coaches – and started training in swimming at four years of age. He later changed to water polo, and already by 1961 competed at the national level. He was a member of the national teams that competed at the 1967 and 1971 Pan American Games and 1972 Olympics. In 1969 he started coaching water polo and later prepared the Canadian team for the 1980 and 1984 Olympics and 1983 Pan American Games. For his coaching achievements he was inducted into the McMaster University Hall of Fame in 1989 and into the Ontario Aquatic Hall of Fame in 1995.

Patty Thompson (swimmer)
Patricia E. Thompson (born December 5, 1945), later known by her married name Patty Bogumil, is a Canadian former freestyle swimmer.  She was a member of the Canadian freestyle and medley teams that won a silver and a bronze medal at the 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games.  Thompson competed at the 1964 Olympics in the 400-metre freestyle and 4×100-metre freestyle relay events, and finished in seventh place in the relay.
2029 in spaceflight
This article documents expected notable spaceflight events during the year 2029.

The China National Space Administration (CNSA) plans to launch Tianwen-4, a Jupiter orbiter and Uranus flyby mission, in 2029.

ESA plans to launch the ARIEL space telescope and the Comet Interceptor mission in 2029.

Tianwen-4
Tianwen-4 (Chinese: 天问四号; pinyin: Tiānwèn Sì Hào), formerly known as Gan De (Chinese: 甘德; pinyin: Gān Dé), is a planned Chinese interplanetary mission to study the Jovian system, possibly sharing a launch with a spacecraft which will make a flyby of Uranus.
West Hesse Depression
The West Hesse Depression (German: Westhessische Senke) is part of the West Hesse Highlands and Lowlands region in the north of the German state of Hesse. Like the East Hesse Depression, it is a series of separate depressions that form a natural corridor and have been an important historical trade route.

Fulda (river)
The Fulda (German pronunciation: [ˈfʊlda] ⓘ) is a river of Hesse and Lower Saxony, Germany. It is one of two headstreams of the Weser (the other one being the Werra). The Fulda is 220.4 kilometres (137.0 mi) long.

The river arises at Wasserkuppe in the Rhön mountains in Hesse. From there it runs northeast, flanked by the Knüll mountains in the west and the Seulingswald in the east. Near Bebra it changes direction to the northwest.

After joining the Eder river it flows straight north until Kassel, then changes direction to the northeast, with the Kaufungen Forest east and the beginning of the Reinhardswald forest northwest.  The north end of the river meets the Werra in Hannoversch Münden, Lower Saxony, where the Fulda and the Werra join to form the Weser river.

Cities along the Fulda include:

Gersfeld

Fulda

Bad Hersfeld

Bebra

Rotenburg an der Fulda

Melsungen

Kassel