hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mongolian idiocy
The obsolete medical terms Mongolian idiocy and Mongolism referred to a specific type of mental deficiency, associated with the genetic disorder now known as Down syndrome. The obsolete term for a person with this syndrome was called a Mongolian idiot.

In the 21st century, those terms are no longer used as medical terminology, deemed unacceptable, offensive and a slur of those with Down syndrome. The terminology change was brought about both by scientific and medical experts, as well as people of Asian ancestry, including those from Mongolia.

The stand-alone term "idiot" itself has a similar history of meaning and connotation change.

Idiot
An idiot, in modern use, is a stupid or foolish person. Idiot was formerly a technical term in legal and psychiatric contexts for some kinds of profound intellectual disability where the mental age is two years or less, and the person cannot guard themself against common physical dangers. The term was gradually replaced by "profound mental retardation", which has since been replaced by other terms. Along with terms like moron, imbecile, retard and cretin, its use to describe people with mental disabilities is considered archaic and offensive. Moral idiocy is the inability to distinguish between right and wrong.
B. G. Verghese
Boobli George Verghese (21 June 1927 – 30 December 2014) was a senior Indian journalist. He was editor of leading newspapers the Hindustan Times (1969–75) and The Indian Express (1982–86). In 1975, he received the Ramon Magsaysay award for outstanding contribution to journalism. After 1986, he was associated with the New Delhi think-tank Centre for Policy Research.

Ramon Magsaysay Award
The Ramon Magsaysay Award (Filipino: Gawad Ramon Magsaysay) is an annual award established to perpetuate former Philippine President Ramon Magsaysay's example of integrity in governance, courageous service to the people, and pragmatic idealism within a democratic society. The prize was established in April 1957 by the trustees of the Rockefeller Brothers Fund based in New York City with the concurrence of the Philippine government. It is often called the "Nobel Prize of Asia".
Mitchell van der Gaag
Mitchell van der Gaag (born 22 October 1971) is a Dutch professional football coach and former player who played as a centre-back. He was most recently the head coach of Swiss Super League side FC Zürich.

He made 208 Eredivisie appearances, scoring 19 goals, for NEC, Sparta Rotterdam, PSV and Utrecht. Abroad, he had spells at Motherwell in the Scottish Premier League and Marítimo in Portugal's Primeira Liga, playing 174 total games for the latter and scoring 19 times.

As a manager, van der Gaag led several teams including Marítimo and Belenenses in Portugal, as well as Excelsior and NAC in his country.

FC Utrecht
Football Club Utrecht (Dutch pronunciation: [ɛfˈseː ˈytrɛxt]) is a Dutch professional football club based in Utrecht. The club competes in the Eredivisie, the top tier of Dutch football, and plays its home matches at the Stadion Galgenwaard.

The club was formed in 1970 as a merger between local clubs VV DOS, USV Elinkwijk and Velox. Since then, the club has won three national cup tournaments: in 1985, 2003 and 2004, also winning the Johan Cruyff Shield in 2004 as the first club outside the traditional Dutch Big Three. Utrecht is also the only club outside the Big Three which has never suffered relegation from the top-flight Eredivisie.

Utrecht have competed in 15 European campaigns, reaching the group stages of the 2004–05 UEFA Cup and the 2010–11 UEFA Europa League, their best European results.
Paliath Ravi Achan
Paliath Ravi Achan (12 March 1928 – 1 April 2024) was an Indian cricketer who represented Travancore-Cochin and Kerala in domestic first-class cricket. He was a right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-pacer.

Kerala cricket team
The Kerala cricket team is a domestic cricket team based in the Indian state of Kerala. It is in the Elite Group of the Ranji Trophy, the premier first class cricket tournament in India. It was known as Travancore-Cochin cricket team until 1957/58.

Kerala has produced two Indian Test cricketers, Tinu Yohannan and S. Sreesanth. Sanju Samson has represented India in T20Is and ODIs, Sandeep Warrier has represented India in one T20I, while Basil Thampi has a national call-up to his name. The team also lined up ex-Indian International players Sadagoppan Ramesh for two years from 2005 to 2007 and Robin Uthappa, from 2019 to 2022. Kerala has also produced Krishna Chandran, who played at International level for United Arab Emirates.
Propagation of Christmas trees
The Propagation of Christmas trees is the series of procedures carried out to grow new Christmas trees.

Many different species of evergreen trees are used for Christmas trees. The most common of these species are classified in the four genera: pines, spruces, firs, and cypress. Christmas trees can be grown from seed or from root cuttings.

Cypress
Cypress is a common name for species in several genera in the family Cupressaceae. They grow in temperate climates and subtropical regions of Asia, Europe, and North America.

The word cypress is derived from Old French cipres, which was imported from Latin cypressus, the latinisation of the Greek κυπάρισσος (kyparissos). The name derives from Cyparissus, a mythological figure who was turned into a cypress tree after killing a stag.
George Adey
George W. Adey (1869 – after 1901) was an English professional footballer born in Handsworth, Birmingham, who played as a wing half or inside forward. He made 71 appearances for Small Heath in the Football League, and went on to play for Kettering of the Southern League.

In a 1901 profile of the Small Heath club and players in the Daily Express, C.B. Fry wrote that "Adey is not showy, but he is a fine tackler, and remarkably persistent", and that he and his half-back colleagues Alex Leake and Walter Wigmore "get through an amount of work that is simply astonishing".

Walter Wigmore
Walter Wigmore (25 February 1873 – 8 September 1931) was an English professional footballer who made more than 400 appearances in the Football League playing for Sheffield United, Gainsborough Trinity and Small Heath / Birmingham in a 17-year career. In the early part of his career he played as an inside forward and later on as a centre-half.
Aduthaduthu
Aduthaduthu is a 1984 Indian Malayalam film, directed by Sathyan Anthikkad. The film stars Rahman, Sukumari, Thilakan, KPAC Lalitha and Ahalya in the lead roles. The film has musical score by Raveendran.

Raveendran
Madhavan Raveendran (born Kulathupuzha, Kollam, 9 November 1943 – died Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 3 March 2005), also known as Raveendran Master, was a South Indian music composer and playback singer from Kerala. He composed songs for more than 150 films primarily for the Malayalam and Tamil film industries.  He also composed a few albums, including Vasantha Geethangal, Ponnonatharangini and Rithugeethangal. Raveendran composed melodies based on Hindustani Ragas also.
Onna to Otoko no Lullaby Game
"Onna to Otoko no Lullaby Game" (女と男のララバイゲーム, Onna to Otoko no Rarabai Gēmu; "Men and Women's Lullaby Game") is the 44th single by J-pop girl group Morning Musume. It is the last single to feature Eri Kamei, Junjun and Linlin prior to their graduation. The single was released in four editions: Limited A, B and C, and normal. The limited editions each came with a different DVD. The limited edition releases, as well as the first press of the normal edition, also came with an event serial number card. The Single V was released on November 24, 2010. The single debuted at #6 on the weekly Oricon charts, selling a reported total of 42,405 copies in the first week.

Eri Kamei
Eri Kamei (亀井 絵里, Kamei Eri; born December 23, 1988) is a Japanese pop singer and model. She is a former member of the Japanese pop group Morning Musume. She joined in late 2003 as a sixth generation member along with Miki Fujimoto, Sayumi Michishige, and Reina Tanaka. She graduated on December 15, 2010, in Yokohama Arena along with Junjun and Linlin.
Carmylessus
Carmylessus or Karmylessos (Ancient Greek: Καρμυλησσός) was a town of ancient Lycia, described by Strabo between Telmissus and the mouth of the Xanthus. After Telmissus, he says, then Anticragus (Ancient Greek: Ἀντίκραγος), an abrupt mountain on which is the small place Carmylessus, lying in a ravine.

The editors of the Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World identify Kaya, Fethiye as the location of the ancient city, while the Lund University Atlas of the Roman World tentatively place it at Kayaköy.

Xanthos
Xanthos or Xanthus, also referred to by scholars as Arna, its Lycian name, (Turkish: Ksantos, Lycian: 𐊀𐊕𐊑𐊏𐊀 Arñna, Greek: Ξάνθος, Latin: Xanthus) was an ancient city near the present-day village of Kınık, in Antalya Province, Turkey. The ruins are located on a hill on the left bank of the River Xanthos. The number and quality of the surviving tombs at Xanthos are a notable feature of the site, which, together with nearby Letoon, was declared to be a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988.

The city of Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans who in turn conquered the region. Xanthos influenced its neighbours architecturally; the Nereid Monument directly inspired the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus in the region of Caria.
Bar Boys
Bar Boys is a 2017 Philippine comedy drama film written, co-produced, and directed by Kip Oebanda. The film stars Carlo Aquino, Rocco Nacino, Enzo Pineda and Kean Cipriano, and revolves around a group of friends who will try their best to become aspiring lawyers in a law school.

Produced by TropicFrills Film Productions, in cooperation with Wildsound Studios, and distributed by Quantum Films, it was released on August 16, 2017, as one of the official entries for the Pista ng Pelikulang Pilipino. Bar Boys was adapted into a musical in 2024. A sequel, Bar Boys: After School, was released in 2025.

Rocco Nacino
Enrico Raphael Quiogue Nacino (born March 21, 1987), known professionally as Rocco Nacino (Tagalog: [ˈɾɔkɔ naˈsinɔ]), is a Filipino actor and nurse. He won the title of Second Prince in the fifth season of StarStruck. He is an exclusive artist under GMA Artist Center.
George Rice (American football)
George Gaylen Rice (June 10, 1944 – December 26, 2010) was an American professional football defensive tackle who played four seasons in the American Football League (AFL) with the Houston Oilers. He was selected by the Oilers in the third round of the 1966 AFL draft. Rice was also selected by the Chicago Bears in the first round of the 1966 NFL draft. He played college football for the LSU Tigers.

1966 NFL draft
The 1966 NFL draft was held at the Summit Hotel in New York City on Saturday, November 27, 1965.

The expansion Atlanta Falcons were awarded the first pick in each round as well as the final pick in each of the first five rounds.  The first overall selection was Tommy Nobis, a linebacker from Texas. The league also provided the Falcons with an expansion draft six weeks later.

This was the last draft in which the NFL and the AFL selected their players separate of one another. As a result, most players drafted  by teams from both leagues chose to play for the more established NFL, but not all. Similar to 1965, the AFL draft was held on the same day. After the merger agreement in June 1966, a common draft was held in March 1967.
Economic Adjustment Programme for Cyprus
The Economic Adjustment Programme for Cyprus, usually referred to as the Bailout programme, is a memorandum of understanding on financial assistance to the Republic of Cyprus in order to cope with the 2012–13 Cypriot financial crisis.

It was signed in March 2013 by the Cypriot Government on one hand, and on the other hand by the European Commission on behalf of the Eurogroup, the European Central Bank (ECB) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF).

Eurogroup
The Eurogroup is the recognised collective term for the informal meetings of the finance ministers of the eurozone—those member states of the European Union (EU) which have adopted the euro as their official currency. The group has 21 members. It exercises political control over the currency and related aspects of the EU's monetary union such as the Stability and Growth Pact.

The ministers meet in camera a day before a meeting of the Economic and Financial Affairs Council (ECOFIN) of the Council of the European Union. They communicate their decisions via press and document releases. The group is related to the Council of the European Union (only Eurogroup member states vote on issues relating to the euro in the ECOFIN) and was formalised under the Treaty of Lisbon.
Sigismund Zinzan
Sir Sigismund Zinzan alias Sir Sigismund Alexander was an equerry to Queen Elizabeth I and a champion in the tiltyard who participated in tournaments during the latter years of Queen Elizabeth's reign and throughout the reign of King James. He was the stepfather of Sir Matthew Brend, owner of the Globe Theatre, and during the years 1624-7 was himself the effective owner of the Globe.

Globe Theatre
The Globe Theatre was a theatre in London associated with William Shakespeare. It was built in 1599 at Southwark, close to the south bank of the Thames, by Shakespeare's playing company, the Lord Chamberlain's Men. It was destroyed by fire on 29 June 1613. A second Globe Theatre was built on the same site by June 1614 and stayed open until the  London theatre closures of 1642. As well as plays by Shakespeare, early works by Ben Jonson, Thomas Dekker and John Fletcher were first performed here.

A modern reconstruction of the Globe, named "Shakespeare's Globe", opened in 1997 approximately 750 feet (230 m) from the site of the original theatre.
Tawan Vihokratana
Tawan Vihokratana (Thai: ตะวัน วิหครัตน์; born 20 July 1991), nicknamed Tay (Thai: เต), is a Thai actor, television host, and model based in Bangkok. A graduate of Chulalongkorn University, Tawan began his career in entertainment as a host on Bang Channel’s Five Live Fresh in 2014. That same year, he made his television acting debut in Room Alone 401-410 and gained notable recognition after being named one of Cleo Thailand’s 50 Most Eligible Bachelors of 2014. He is best known for Kiss: The Series (2016), Kiss Me Again (2018), and Dark Blue Kiss (2019). In 2023, he starred as Karan in the Thai adaptation of the Japanese manga Cherry Magic.

Jumpol Adulkittiporn
Jumpol Adulkittiporn (Thai: จุมพล อดุลกิตติพร;  born 20 January 1991), nicknamed Off (Thai: ออฟ), is a Thai actor, model and host. He is known for his starring roles in Theory of Love (2019), Not Me (2021–2022), and Astrophile (2022) for which he has received  Asian Academy Creative: National Winner 2022 Award in the Best Supporting Actor category. He has since starred in Senior Secret Love: Puppy Honey (2016–2017).
Carlos Páez (footballer)
Carlos Andrés Páez Rivera (born 22 June 1998), simply known as Carlos Páez, is a Colombian professional footballer who currently plays as a center back for Hong Kong Premier League club North District.

North District FC
North District Football Club (Chinese: 北區足球會), currently known as Golik North District due to sponsorship reasons, is a Hong Kong professional football club which currently competes in the Hong Kong Premier League, the top tier of Hong Kong football.
Alachua Formation
The Alachua Formation is a Miocene geologic formation in Florida. The claystones, sandstones and phosphorites of the formation preserve many fossils of mammals, birds, reptiles and fish, among others megalodon.

Synthetoceras
Synthetoceras is an extinct genus of large  protoceratid that was endemic to North America during the Late Miocene (12.5-4.7 million years ago), existing for approximately 7.8 million years. Fossils have been recovered from Nebraska and Texas. Two species have been described: S. tricornatus (the type species) and S. davisorum.
Olha Kosach-Kryvyniuk
Olha Petrivna Kosach-Kryvyniuk (Ukrainian: Ольга Косач-Кривинюк; May 26, 1877 – November 11, 1945) was a Ukrainian writer, translator, and physician.

A member of the Prosvita cultural movement, she worked to establish a Ukrainian literary tradition through completing Ukrainian-language translations of Russian, French, and English literature under the pseudonym Olena Zirka. Her efforts to document the life and work of her sister, the poet Lesya Ukrainka, culminated in an extensive chronology that was published posthumously in 1970.

Prosvita
Prosvita (Ukrainian: Просвіта, lit. 'enlightenment'), since 1991 officially titled All-Ukrainian Prosvita Society named after Taras Shevchenko (Всеукраїнське товариство «Просвіта» імені Тараса Шевченка) is an enlightenment society aimed to preserve and develop Ukrainian culture, education and science, that was created in the nineteenth century in Austria-Hungary's Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria.

According to the declaration of its founders, the movement was created as a counterbalance to Russophile trends in the Ukrainian society of the period.
Kingham railway station
Kingham railway station in Oxfordshire, England, is between the Oxfordshire village of Kingham and the Gloucestershire village of Bledington, to which it is closer. It is also the closest station to the town of Chipping Norton.

The station is on the Cotswold Line and is served by Great Western Railway trains.

Banbury railway station
Banbury railway station serves the historic market town of Banbury in Oxfordshire, England. The station is a stop on the Chiltern Main Line; it is operated by Chiltern Railways and has four platforms in use.
Lost & Found (1999 film)
Lost & Found is a 1999 American romantic comedy film directed by Jeff Pollack, written by J. B. Cook, Marc Meeks, and David Spade, and starring Spade, Sophie Marceau, Patrick Bruel, Artie Lange, Mitchell Whitfield, and Martin Sheen. It was released on April 23, 1999, and was a critical and commercial failure.

Patrick Bruel
Patrick Benguigui (French pronunciation: [patʁik bɛnɡiɡi]; born 14 May 1959), better known by his stage name Patrick Bruel (pronounced [patʁik bʁyɛl]), is a French singer-songwriter, actor and professional poker player.
It's Spooky
It's Spooky is a collaborative album by musicians Jad Fair (of the band Half Japanese) and Daniel Johnston. It was first released in 1989 on 50 Skidillion Watts Records, under the title Jad Fair and Daniel Johnston. Although receiving praise from critics and fans alike, the record was commercially overlooked. Both Johnston and Fair play the majority of instruments, including vocals, guitars, piano, keyboards and drums.

Hi, How Are You
Hi, How Are You: The Unfinished Album is the sixth self-released music cassette album by American singer-songwriter Daniel Johnston, recorded in September 1983. The subtitle refers to the length of the album; Johnston had intended for it to be an hour-long release, as a majority of his earlier releases were. It was the first of Johnston’s albums to be released on vinyl and reach a wider audience.
This Darkened Heart
This Darkened Heart is the second studio album by the American heavy metal band All That Remains, released on March 23, 2004. It includes the singles "This Darkened Heart", "Tattered on My Sleeve" and "The Deepest Gray", all three of which had music videos created for them. The album was produced by Killswitch Engage guitarist Adam Dutkiewicz.

This Darkened Heart is the first All That Remains album to feature current rhythm guitarist Mike Martin, the last album to feature drummer Michael Bartlett, and the first album to feature bassist Matt Deis who left the band in 2005 and then rejoined in 2022.

Adam Dutkiewicz
Adam Jonathan Dutkiewicz (born April 4, 1977) is an American musician and record producer. He is the lead guitarist of the metalcore bands Killswitch Engage, Aftershock and Times of Grace, as well as the guitarist and co-lead vocalist for the melodic death metal supergroup Serpentine Dominion. He has also produced and engineered albums for several other metal bands.
IBM Open Class
IBM Open Class (IOC) is an IBM C++ product originally developed by Kevin Leong and originally known under several names in the C++ industry, including ICL (IBM Class Library), UICL (User Interface Class Library), and OCL (Open Class Library).

IOC was an extensive set of C++ classes used to build CLI and GUI applications which could then be easily cross-compiled to OS/2, Microsoft Windows, and AIX. IOC also formed the basis for IBM's VisualAge for C++ graphical application builder. The non-GUI portions of IOC were available for z/OS and OS/400.

VisualAge
VisualAge is a family of computer integrated development environments from IBM, which supports multiple programming languages. VisualAge was first released in October 1993. It was discontinued on April 30, 2007, and its web page was removed in September 2011. VisualAge was also marketed as VisualAge Smalltalk, and in 2005, Instantiations, Inc. acquired the worldwide rights to this product. IBM has stated that XL C/C++ is the followup product to VisualAge.
Rostam Khan (sepahsalar under Suleiman I)
Rostam Khan (fl. second half of the 17th century) was a Safavid military commander, gholam, and official from the Georgian Saakadze family. He served as commander-in-chief (sepahsalar-e Iran), commander of the musketeer corps (tofangchi-aghasi), chancellor/chief justice (divanbegi), and governor (beglarbeg) of the Azerbaijan Province under king (shah) Suleiman I (r. 1666-1694).

Rostam Khan was a son of Safiqoli Khan, and a namesake to his prominent grandfather, who also held the position of commander-in-chief and beglarbeg of Azerbaijan.

According to Italian traveller Gemelli Careri, when Rostam Khan's nephew Bijan Beg fell out of favor during Shaykh Ali Khan Zanganeh's vizierate, he was saved through Rostam Khan's intervention.

Shaykh Ali Khan Zanganeh
Shaykh Ali Khan Zanganeh (Persian: شیخ‌علی‌خان زنگنه; died 1689), was an Iranian statesman of Kurdish origin, who served as the grand vizier of the Safavid king (shah) Suleiman I (r. 1666–1694) from 1669 to 1689. Due to his efforts in reforming the declining Iranian economy, he has been called the "Safavid Amir Kabir" in modern historiography.
Cash-for-votes scandal
The cash-for-votes scandal was an Indian political scandal allegedly masterminded by then Bharatiya Janata Party politician Sudheendra Kulkarni in which the United Progressive Alliance, the majority-holding parliamentary-party alliance of India led by Sonia Gandhi, allegedly bribed Bhartiya Janta Party MPs in order to survive a confidence vote on 22 July 2008. The vote in the Lok Sabha arose after the Communist Party of India (Marxist)-led Left Front withdrew support from the government, who wanted to pursue an Indo-US nuclear deal.

Left Front (West Bengal)
The Left Front is an alliance of left-wing political parties in the Indian state of West Bengal. It was formed in January 1977, the founding parties being the Communist Party of India (Marxist), All India Forward Bloc, the Revolutionary Socialist Party, the Marxist Forward Bloc, the Revolutionary Communist Party of India and the Biplobi Bangla Congress. Other parties joined in later years, most notably the Communist Party of India.

The Left Front ruled the state of West Bengal for 34 years in seven consecutive terms 1977–2011, five with Jyoti Basu as Chief Minister and two under Buddhadev Bhattacharya. The CPI(M) is the dominant force in the alliance. In the 2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election the Left Front failed to gain a majority of seats and left office. As of 2016 Biman Bose is the Chairman of the West Bengal Left Front Committee.