hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2024 China Open (badminton)
The 2024 China Open (officially known as the Victor China Open 2024 for sponsorship reasons) was a badminton tournament which took place at Changzhou Olympic Sports Centre Xincheng Gymnasium in Changzhou, Jiangsu, China from 17 to 22 September 2024 and had a total prize of $2,000,000 which is the biggest prize money offer for season calendar except BWF World Tour Finals.

Changzhou Olympic Sports Centre
Changzhou Olympic Sports Centre (Simplified Chinese: 常州奥林匹克体育中心) is a sport complex in Changzhou, China.  It is currently used mostly for various events, like concerts and athletics. The main stadium holds 38,000 people. The complex also includes the 6,200-seater Xincheng Gymnasium, an aquatic centre with 2,300 seats, and a 4,400 m2 indoor tennis hall. Association football club Changzhou Tianshan use the venue for home games.
Semiarundinaria
Semiarundinaria is a genus of East Asian bamboo in the grass family.

Semiarundinaria is native to temperate and subtropical woodland in China and Japan. The plants are generally rhizomatous, tall and erect bamboos with cylindrical stems, producing tufts of lanceolate leaves at each node.

Species

Semiarundinaria densiflora  - Anhui, Guangdong, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Zhejiang

Semiarundinaria fastuosa - Honshu; cultivated in China

Semiarundinaria fortis - Kyushu

Semiarundinaria kagamiana - Honshu

Semiarundinaria shapoensis - Hainan

Semiarundinaria sinica - Jiangsu, Zhejiang

Semiarundinaria yashadake - Japan

Formerly included

see Acidosasa Chimonocalamus Fargesia Oligostachyum × Phyllosasa Sasaella Sinobambusa Yushania

Chimonocalamus
Chimonocalamus is a genus of Asian bamboo in the grass family. It is native to China, the eastern Himalayas, and northern Indochina. Some of the species are aromatic and grown as ornamental plants.

Species

Formerly included

see Chimonobambusa

Chimonocalamus armatus – Chimonobambusa armatus

Chimonocalamus callosus – Chimonobambusa callosa
The Letters of Paul in their Roman Literary Context
The Letters of Paul in their Roman Literary Context: Reassessing Apostolic Authorship is a 2024 scholarly monograph by American New Testament scholar Nina E. Livesey. The book proposes that the Pauline epistles, including the seven letters widely treated as authentic, are pseudonymous compositions, letters in form only, produced in a mid second century Roman setting connected to the school of Marcion. Livesey argues that the letters function as didactic literature and compares their form and aims with Seneca's Moral Epistles.

Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium
Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium (Latin for "Moral Letters to Lucilius"), also known as the Moral Epistles and Letters from a Stoic, is a letter collection of 124 extant letters that Seneca the Younger wrote at the end of his life, during his retirement, after he had worked for the Emperor Nero for more than ten years. They are addressed to Lucilius Junior, the then procurator of Sicily, who is known only through Seneca's writings.

The letters often begin with an observation on daily life, and then proceed to an issue or principle abstracted from that observation. The result is like a diary, or handbook of philosophical meditations. The letters focus on many traditional themes of Stoic philosophy such as the contempt of death, the stout-heartedness of the sage, and virtue as the supreme good.
Jim "Bad News" Barnes
Velvet James Barnes (April 13, 1941 – September 14, 2002), also known as Jim "Bad News" Barnes, was an American basketball player, who was an Olympic Gold Medalist and the No. 1 overall pick of the 1964 NBA draft. He played college basketball at Texas Western College (now the University of Texas at El Paso).

Nolan Richardson
Nolan Richardson Jr. (born December 27, 1941) is an American former basketball head coach best known for his tenure at the University of Arkansas, where he won the 1994 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament and led the Razorbacks to three Final Fours. Elected to the National Collegiate Basketball Hall of Fame in 2008 and the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 2014, Richardson coached teams to winning a Division I Basketball National Championship, an NIT championship, and a Junior College National Championship, making him the only coach to win all three championships. During his 22 seasons of coaching in NCAA Division I, Richardson made a post-season tournament appearance 20 times.
Pitha Haningtyas Mentari
Pitha Haningtyas Mentari (born 1 July 1999) is an Indonesian badminton player affiliated with Jaya Raya Jakarta badminton club. She won the gold medal at the 2017 World Junior Championships, and bronze medals at the 2019 and 2021 SEA Games in the mixed doubles with Rinov Rivaldy. Mentari was also a member of the Indonesian women's team that won the silver medal in 2019 and 2021 SEA Games.

Seo Seung-jae
Seo Seung-jae (Korean: 서승재; born 4 September 1997) is a South Korean badminton player. A three-time World champion, he is the first South Korean player in 24 years to have won two gold medals in a single edition of the BWF World Championships, by winning the mixed and men's doubles event at the 2023 BWF World Championships, partnering with Chae Yoo-jung and Kang Min-hyuk respectively. He competed at the 2017 Sudirman Cup and helped the Korean national team to its fourth trophy. He retained his Men's Doubles Title in the  2025 BWF World Championships with his partner Kim Won-ho, having only competed in the Men's Doubles Category.
Gothminister
Gothminister is a Norwegian gothic metal band. Formed in 1999, they released eight studio albums and gained success in Germany. They played in several German music festivals, including Wave-Gotik-Treffen (WGT), the Dark Storm Festival and the M'era Luna Festival, and performed in front of over 10,000 people at the Schattenreich Festival.

They took part in Melodi Grand Prix 2013 and Melodi Grand Prix 2024, the Norwegian selection for the Eurovision Song Contest 2024, with the song "We Come Alive". They advanced from their semi-final on 13 January 2024, finishing fourth in the final.

Wave-Gotik-Treffen
The Wave-Gotik-Treffen (WGT; German for "Wave Gothic Meeting") is an annual world festival for "dark" music and "dark culture" in Leipzig, Germany. 150+ bands and artists from various backgrounds (gothic rock, EBM, industrial, noise, darkwave, neo-folk, neo-classical and medieval music being examples) play at several venues throughout the city over four days on Whitsuntide. The festival also features multiple all-night dance club parties, several fairs with medieval, gothic, and related merchandise, a variety of cultural exhibitions and performances, large themed picnics, and a number of unofficial fringe events.

With 18,000 to 20,000 regular attendants, the WGT is one of the largest events of the gothic, cybergoth, steampunk, and rivethead subcultures worldwide.
Ryszard Wołągiewicz
Ryszard Wołągiewicz (19 June 1933 – 14 January 1994) was a Polish archaeologist. He was director of National Museum, Szczecin for many years and a well known specialist on the Pre-Roman Iron Age and Roman Iron Age in East-Central Europe.

East-Central Europe
East-Central Europe is a geopolitical term that primarily encompasses the Czech Republic, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia. The area is bordered by East Slavic countries to the east and Germanic-speaking countries to the west.

The concept differs from that of Central and Eastern Europe, which is based on criteria whereby the states of Central and Eastern Europe belong to two different geographical regions of Europe.
Troides magellanus
Troides magellanus, the Magellan birdwing, is a large and striking species of birdwing butterfly found in the Philippines and on Taiwan's Orchid Island.

This butterfly is named for the explorer Ferdinand Magellan who was killed in the Philippines in 1521.

Orchid Island
Orchid Island, known as Pongso no Tao by the indigenous inhabitants, is a 45 km2 (17 sq mi) volcanic island located off the southeastern coast of Taiwan. The island and the nearby Lesser Orchid Island are governed by Taiwan as Lanyu Township in Taitung County, which is one of the county's two insular townships (the other being Lyudao Township). It is separated from the Batanes of the Philippines by the Bashi Channel of the Luzon Strait.

It is considered a potential World Heritage Site.
Tiina Mälberg
Tiina Mälberg (born 16 March 1970) is an Estonian actress.

Tiina Mälberg was born and raised in Tallinn. She graduated from Saku Secondary School in 1988, then enrolled at the Tallinn State Conservatory, studying under instruction of theatre and film director Kalju Komissarov, and graduating in 1992. Among her graduating classmates were: Merle Palmiste, Kristel Leesmend, Andres Raag, Kaili Närep, Dan Põldroos, Jaanus Rohumaa, Üllar Saaremäe, Ivo Uukkivi, Sten Zupping, and Garmen Tabor.

In 2006, she received a master's degree in theatre from the Estonian Academy of Music and Theatre. From 2003 until 2004, she taught theatre courses at the Rakvere Private Gymnasium. Since 2011, Mälberg has been a theatre lecturer  at the Viljandi Culture Academy of the University of Tartu.

From 1991 until 1997, she worked at Ugala theatre in Viljandi. Since 1997, she has been engaged at the Rakvere Theatre. Besides theatrical roles, she has also worked as a radio, television, and film actress.

Garmen Tabor
Garmen Tabor (née Garmen Suurmets; born on 19 April 1968 in Rakvere, Estonian SSR, Soviet Union) is an Estonian actress and theatre director.

In 1992 she graduated from the Tallinn State Conservatory's Performing Arts Department. From 1992 until 2002, she worked at Estonian Drama Theatre, 2002–2003 at Vanalinnastuudio. 2003–2007 she was a freelance actress. 2005–2008 she worked at Kuressaare Linnateater. 2009–2011 she was stage manager (Estonian: näitejuht) and director at Estonia Theatre. Since 2019 she is the head of Ugala Theatre. Besides theatre roles, she has appeared in films; she has given voice to several animated film characters, and has appeared on television.

She has been married to actor Margus Tabor since 1989.
2023–24 UEFA Youth League
The 2023–24 UEFA Youth League was the tenth season of the UEFA Youth League, a European youth club football competition organised by UEFA.

The title holders were AZ, who defeated Hajduk Split 5–0 in the previous edition's final, but they were eliminated in the round of 16. Olympiacos beat Milan 3–0 in the final held at the Colovray Stadium in Nyon, Switzerland, to secure their first title in the competition and become the first Greek team to ever win a UEFA club competition (the club's senior team won the 2024 UEFA Europa Conference League final five weeks later).

Colovray Sports Centre
Centre Sportif de Colovray Nyon is where FC Stade Nyonnais play their home football and rugby games. The site is opposite the UEFA headquarters. The centre has six pitches for different sports and hosts a variety of activities, football, rugby and athletics. The stadium has 860 seats and the rest is standing places.
Moscow City Duma District 13
Moscow City Duma District 13 is one of 45 constituencies in Moscow City Duma. Currently the district covers inner parts of North-Eastern Moscow.

The district has been represented since 2024 by United Russia deputy Aleksandr Sapronov, a park director and former Severnoye Medvedkovo District head, who succeeded Yabloko faction leader and one-term incumbent Maksim Kruglov after Kruglov failed to qualify for re-election by collecting signatures.

North-Eastern Administrative Okrug
North-Eastern Administrative Okrug (Russian: Се́веро-Восто́чный администрати́вный о́круг, romanized: Severo-Vostochny administrativny okrug), or Severo-Vostochny Administrative Okrug, is one of the twelve high-level territorial divisions (administrative okrugs) of the federal city of Moscow, Russia. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 1,359,508, up from 1,240,062 recorded during the 2002 Census.
Open event at the 44th Chess Olympiad
The open event at the 44th Chess Olympiad was held from 29 July to 9 August 2022. It was contested by a record number of 188 teams, representing 186 nations. India, as host nation, fielded three teams. A total of 937 players participated in the open event.

Uzbekistan won the gold medal in the Open event, which was their first overall medal in the Chess Olympiads. English player David Howell had the highest score for an individual player in the Open event, scoring 7½ out of a possible 8 points with a performance rating of 2898. Other players who won individual gold medals include Gukesh D of India-2 on board one who scored 9 out of 11 with a performance rating of 2867, Nihal Sarin also of India-2 on board two who scored 7½ of 10 with a performance rating of 2774, Jahongir Vakhidov of Uzbekistan on board four who scored 6½ out of 8 with a performance rating of 2813, and Mateusz Bartel of Poland as a reserve player who scored 8½ out of 10 points with a performance rating of 2778.

David Howell (chess player)
David Wei Liang Howell (born 14 November 1990) is an English chess grandmaster and commentator. A three-time British champion (2009, 2013 and 2014), he is also the second-youngest British person to achieve the title of Grandmaster, earned at the age of 16.
WHAN (AM)
WHAN is an adult album alternative formatted broadcast radio station licensed to Ashland, Virginia, serving Ashland and Hanover County, Virginia as well as the northern half of the Metro Richmond, Virginia region.  WHAN is owned by Stu-Comm, Inc. WHAN currently simulcasts WNRN-FM.

Adult album alternative
Adult album alternative (also triple-A, AAA, or adult alternative) is a radio format. Its roots trace to both the "classic album stations of the '70s as well as the alternative rock format that developed in the '80s." AAA programming is carried on more than 150 broadcast outlets in the United States, with a roughly even split between commercial and public stations.
Alistair Burt
Alistair James Hendrie Burt (born 25 May 1955) is a Conservative British politician who served as Member of Parliament (MP) for North East Bedfordshire from 2001 until 2019. He was previously MP for his native Bury North in Greater Manchester from 1983 until 1997. Burt was Parliamentary Under Secretary of State then Minister of State at the Department of Social Security from 1992 to 1997, and Parliamentary Under Secretary of State at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office from 2010 to 2013. Burt was also Minister of State at the Department of Health from May 2015 to July 2016.

First elected as a Conservative, Burt had the Conservative whip removed on 3 September 2019. On 29 October he was one of ten Conservative MPs to have the whip restored. He retired at the 2019 general election.

In September 2020 he was appointed as Pro-Chancellor of Lancaster University, succeeding Lord Liddle.

Parliamentary under-secretary of state
The parliamentary under-secretary of state (historically under-secretary of state or just parliamentary secretary, particularly in departments not led by a secretary of state) is the lowest of three tiers of government minister in the UK government, immediately junior to a minister of state, which is itself junior to a secretary of state.
Ilana Schlesinger
Ilana Schlesinger (born September 25, 1962) is an Israeli neurologist specializing in movement disorders and Parkinson's disease. She is the Chair of Neurology at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, and Director of the Movement Disorders Institute at Rambam Health Care Campus, as well as Chair of Neurology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion. In collaboration with the Department of Neurosurgery, she founded the Center for MRI Guided Focused Ultrasound Treatment of Movement Disorders. Along with her team, she was the first to publish a case series describing the use of this technology for symptomatic treatment of tremor dominant Parkinson’s disease. Schlesinger is the representative of the Association of Neurologists in the Parkinson's Lobby to the Knesset.

Rambam Health Care Campus
Rambam Health Care Campus (Hebrew: רמב"ם – הקריה הרפואית לבריאות האדם) commonly called Rambam Hospital, is a teaching hospital in the Bat Galim neighborhood of Haifa, Israel. Rambam Health Care Campus is a part of Tertiary Referral Center for Northern Israel, It was founded in 1938.

It is the largest medical center in northern Israel and fifth largest in Israel, and is named for the 12th century physician-philosopher Maimonides, known as Rambam.

Rambam Health Care Campus is also an academic teaching hospital affiliated with the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine of the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Israel's oldest university.
Adaptation (computer science)
Adaptation in computer science is a process where an interactive system (adaptive system) adapts its behaviour to individual users based on information acquired about its user(s) and its environment. Adaptation is one of the three pillars of empiricism in Scrum.

Adaptive system
An adaptive system is a set of interacting or interdependent entities, real or abstract, forming an integrated whole that together are able to respond to environmental changes or changes in the interacting parts, in a way analogous to either continuous physiological homeostasis or evolutionary adaptation in biology. Feedback loops represent a key feature of adaptive systems, such as ecosystems and individual organisms; or in the human world, communities, organizations, and families. Adaptive systems can be organized into a hierarchy.

Artificial adaptive systems include robots with control systems that utilize negative feedback to maintain desired states.
Jimmy Gallagher
James J. Gallagher (June 7, 1901 – October 7, 1971) was a soccer right wing midfielder who spent eleven seasons in the American Soccer League. Born in Scotland, he was a member of the U.S. soccer teams at the 1930 FIFA World Cup and 1934 FIFA World Cup. Gallagher was inducted into the National Soccer Hall of Fame in 1986.

American Soccer League (1921–1933)
The American Soccer League, established on May 7, 1921 by a group of investors, was the first of four different professional soccer sports leagues in the United States to use the ASL name. It was formed by the merger of teams from the National Association Football League and the Southern New England Soccer League. For several years the ASL's popularity rivaled the popularity of the National Football League. Disputes with the United States Football Association and FIFA, as well as the onset of the Great Depression, led to the league's collapse in spring 1933.
Lehigh Valley Association of Independent Colleges
The Lehigh Valley Association of Independent Colleges (LVAIC) is an academic consortium between six independent Colleges in the Lehigh Valley region of eastern Pennsylvania: Cedar Crest College, DeSales University, Lafayette College, Lehigh University, Moravian University, and Muhlenberg College.

Lafayette College
Lafayette College is a private liberal arts college in Easton, Pennsylvania, United States. Founded in 1826 by James Madison Porter and other citizens in Easton, the college first held classes in 1832. The founders voted to name the college after the Marquis de Lafayette, a hero of the American Revolution.

Located on College Hill in Easton, the campus overlooks the Delaware River and is situated in the Lehigh Valley, about 70 mi (110 km) west of New York City and 60 mi (97 km) north of Philadelphia. Lafayette enrolls approximately 2,700 undergraduate students and offers programs in the humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, and engineering. The college emphasizes small class sizes and undergraduate research, and it competes in NCAA Division I athletics as a member of the Patriot League. As of 2024, its endowment was valued at over $1 billion.
Aselsan Albatros USV family
Albatros USV family (Turkish: Albatros İnsansız Su Üstü Hedefi Ailesi) consists of  high-speed unmanned surface  seaborne targets of catamaran-type Albatros-K, swarm-type Albatros-S and V-hull-type Albatros-T built by the Turkish defense company Aselsan for the needs of the Turkish Naval Forces.

Turkish Naval Forces
The Turkish Naval Forces (Turkish: Türk Deniz Kuvvetleri), or Turkish Navy (Turkish: Türk Donanması), is the naval warfare service branch of the Turkish Armed Forces.

The modern naval traditions and customs of the Turkish Navy can be traced back to 10 July 1920, when it was established as the Directorate of Naval Affairs during the Turkish War of Independence led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Since July 1949, the service has been officially known as the Turkish Naval Forces.

In 2008, the Turkish Navy had a reported active personnel strength of 48,600; this figure included an Amphibious Marines Brigade as well as several Special Forces and Commando detachments. As of early 2021, the navy operates a wide variety of ships and 60 maritime aircraft.
Jerry London (wrestler)
Jerry Linden (July 9, 1929 – August 20, 1970), or Jerry Atkins, better known by the ring name Jerry London, was a Canadian professional wrestler and former world champion, most notably holding the NWA World Middleweight Championship in 1966.

A journeyman wrestler, he wrestled throughout the world for various wrestling promotions: Atlantic Grand Prix Wrestling, Capitol Wrestling Corporation, Empresa Mexicana de la Lucha Libre, Florida Championship Wrestling, Georgia Championship Wrestling, Gulf Coast Championship Wrestling, Japan Wrestling Association, Jim Crockett Promotions, Maple Leaf Wrestling, NWA Mid-Pacific Promotions, NWA San Francisco, and NWA Tri-State.

Linden committed suicide on August 20, 1970, hours after losing a bout at the Cow Palace in San Francisco, California. His suicide was one of several deaths to occur during the "Golden Age of Wrestling" along with Yukon Eric, George Drake and Skull Murphy.

Capitol Wrestling Corporation
Capitol Wrestling Corporation (CWC) was an American sports promotion company. Run by Vincent J. McMahon from the 1950s until the 1980s, the company was originally a professional wrestling and professional boxing promotion and later became the holding company for the World Wide Wrestling Federation (WWWF), later the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). In 1982, the CWC was acquired by Titan Sports, Inc., owned by Vincent J. McMahon's son, Vince McMahon. The CWC was the precursor to today's WWE, currently run by Nick Khan as president and owned by TKO Group Holdings.
Second siege of Babylon
The second siege of Babylon took place during the Babylonian War in 310 BC. Antigonid forces under Antigonus's oldest son, Demetrius, besieged the Seleucid garrison of the city of Babylon under the command of Patrocles.

Babylonian War
The Babylonian War was a conflict fought between 311–309 BC between Antigonus I Monophthalmus and Seleucus I Nicator, ending in a victory for Seleucus. This conflict ended any possibility of restoration of the former empire of Alexander the Great, a result confirmed in the Battle of Ipsus. The battle also marked the birth of the Seleucid Empire by giving Seleucus control over the eastern satrapies of Alexander's former territory.
Bar Yohai
This article is about the Israeli village. For the song, see Bar Yochai (song).

Bar Yohai (Hebrew: בַּר יוֹחַאי) is a religious Jewish community settlement in northern Israel. Located near Mount Meron, it falls under the jurisdiction of Merom HaGalil Regional Council. as of 2022 its population was 1,092.

Mount Meron
Mount Meron (Hebrew: הַר מֵירוֹן, romanized: Har Merón; named after the former village of Meiron), also known as Mount Jarmaq or Jebel Jarmaq (Arabic: جبل الجرمق, romanized: Jabal al-Jarmaq; named after the former village of Jarmaq), is a mountain in the Upper Galilee region of Israel.  It has special significance in Jewish religious tradition and parts of it have been declared a nature reserve. At 1,204 metres (3,950 ft) above sea level, Mount Meron is the highest peak in Israel within the Green Line. The mountain is a major motif in the art of the artists' quarter of Safed.