hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Proto-Austronesian language
Proto-Austronesian (commonly abbreviated as PAN or PAn) is a proto-language. It is the reconstructed ancestor of the Austronesian languages, one of the world's major language families. Proto-Austronesian is assumed to have begun to diversify c. 4000 BCE – c. 3500 BCE in Taiwan.

Lower-level reconstructions have also been made, and include Proto-Malayo-Polynesian, Proto-Oceanic, and Proto-Polynesian. In the last three decades, linguists Malcolm Ross and Andrew Pawley have built a large lexicon for Proto-Oceanic. Other comparative lexicons include the Micronesian comparative dictionary (by Bender et al.), and the Polynesian lexicon or Pollex (by Biggs et al.).

Andrew Pawley
Andrew Kenneth Pawley FRSNZ, FAHA (born 1941 in Sydney) is an Australian–New Zealand linguist and Emeritus Professor at the School of Culture, History and Language of the College of Asia and the Pacific at the Australian National University.
Mount Lefre
Mount Lefre (or simply Léfre) (1305 MSL) is a mountain in the southeastern part of the Lagorai Chain in Trentino.

Located mainly in Valsugana and partly in the Tesino Plateau, it is divided between the municipalities of Castel Ivano, Ospedaletto, and Pieve Tesino.

Castel Ivano
Castel Ivano is a comune (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol. It was formed on 1 January 2016 as the merger of the previous communes of Strigno, Spera and Villa Agnedo. In July 2016 it also absorbed the commune of Ivano-Fracena.

It is located in Valsugana, midway between Borgo Valsugana and the boundary with Veneto.

Sights include the eponymous "Castel Ivano", a medieval fortress originally located in the frazione of Ivano-Fracena
No Escape (video game)
No Escape is a video game developed by Bits Studios and published by Psygnosis for the Sega Genesis and by Sony Imagesoft for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System, based on the film of the same name.

Bits Studios
Bits Studios was a British video game developer. The company has had over 30 titles published over the United States, Europe and Asia on multiple platforms. Bits Studios' parent company, PlayWize, sold off all assets and technologies held by the group in 2008, due to poor trading results. As a result, the company no longer has any trading operations.
Time Out for Murder
Time Out for Murder is a 1938 American crime film directed by H. Bruce Humberstone, written by Jerome Cady, and starring Gloria Stuart, Michael Whalen, Chick Chandler, Douglas Fowley, Robert Kellard, Jane Darwell and Jean Rogers. It was released on September 25, 1938, by 20th Century Fox.

Douglas Fowley
Douglas Fowley (born Daniel Vincent Fowley, May 30, 1911 – May 21, 1998) was an American movie and television actor in more than 240 films and dozens of television programs. He is probably best remembered for his role as the frustrated movie director Roscoe Dexter in Singin' in the Rain (1952), and for his regular supporting role as Doc Fabrique and Doc Holliday in The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp.  He was the father of rock and roll musician and record producer Kim Fowley.
Adam Weitsman
Adam Joel Weitsman is an American entrepreneur. He is the owner and chief executive officer (CEO) of Upstate Shredding – Weitsman Recycling, a scrap metal processing company headquartered in Owego, New York.

Owego, New York
Owego is a town in Tioga County, New York, United States. The population was 18,728 at the 2020 census. The name is derived from the Iroquois word Ahwaga, meaning "where the valley widens".

Owego is in the southeastern corner of the county, west of Binghamton. The village of Owego is in the western part of the town.
Kitwe Teaching Hospital
Kitwe Central Hospital, also known as Kitwe Teaching Hospital, is third level public tertiary referral hospital in Kitwe, Zambia. The hospital has 630 beds.  The facility was opened in 1958.  Kitwe Central Hospital (KCH) in the Copperbelt Province is one of four teaching hospitals in Zambia.

Copperbelt Province
Copperbelt Province is a province in Zambia which covers the mineral-rich Copperbelt, and farming and bush areas to the south. It was the backbone of the Northern Rhodesian economy during British colonial rule and fuelled the hopes of the immediate post-independence period, but its economic importance was severely damaged by a crash in global copper prices in 1973. The province adjoins the Haut-Katanga province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, which is similarly mineral-rich.

The main cities and towns of the Copperbelt are Kitwe, Ndola, Mufulira, Luanshya, Chingola, Kalulushi and Chililabombwe. Roads and rail links extend north into the Congo to Lubumbashi, but the Second Congo War brought economic contact between the two countries to a standstill, now recovering.

It is informally referred to at times as 'Copala' or 'Kopala', invoking the vernacular-like term of the mineral copper that is mined in the province.
Afrasiab
In Iranian legend, Afrasiab (Persian: افراسياب afrāsiyāb;  Middle Persian: Frāsiyāv, Frāsiyāk), also known as Fraŋrasyan, is the king and hero of Turan in Iranian national history. He is the main antagonist of the Iranians in the Persian epic Shahnameh, written by Ferdowsi.

Ferdowsi
Ferdowsi (940-1025) was a Persian poet and the author of Shahnameh ("Book of Kings"), which is one of the world's longest epic poems created by a single poet, and the greatest epic of Persian-speaking countries. Ferdowsi is celebrated as one of the most influential figures of Persian literature and one of the greatest in the history of literature.
Ch'iyar Jaqhi (Moquegua-Puno)
Ch'iyar Jaqhi (Aymara ch'iyara black, jaqhi precipice, cliff, "black cliff", hispanicized spelling Chiaraque) is a mountain in the Andes of southern Peru, about 5,000 m (16,000 ft) high. It is located on the border of the Moquegua Region, General Sánchez Cerro Province, Ichuña District, and the Puno Region, Puno Province, Pichacani District. Ch'iyar Jaqhi lies southeast of Qayqu.

Qayqu (Moquegua)
Qayqu (Quechua for a type of hunt, also spelled Ccaycco, Ocaycco) is a 5,223-metre-high (17,136 ft) mountain in the Andes of southern Peru. It is located in the Moquegua Region, General Sánchez Cerro Province, Ichuña District. It lies northwest of Ch'iyar Jaqhi.
Kenny Motsamai
Kenny Thabo Motsamai (born Shadrack Doshani, 1962 or 1963) is a South African anti-apartheid activist, convicted murderer and politician. A member of the Economic Freedom Fighters party, he has been a permanent delegate to the National Council of Provinces from Gauteng since May 2019. Motsamai is a former military commander of the Azanian People's Liberation Army, the military wing of the Pan Africanist Congress of Azania during apartheid. He was imprisoned for nearly three decades for killing a white traffic officer during a bank robbery in 1989.

National Council of Provinces
The National Council of Provinces (NCOP) is the upper house of the Parliament of South Africa under the post-apartheid constitution which came into full effect in 1997. It replaced the former Senate, but is very similar to that body, and to many other upper houses of legislatures throughout the world, in that its purpose is to represent the governments of the provinces, rather than directly representing the people.
Marco Pašalić
Marco Pašalić (Croatian pronunciation: [mâːrko pǎʃalitɕ]; born 14 September 2000) is a professional footballer who plays as a right winger for Major League Soccer club Orlando City. Born in Germany, he plays for the Croatia national team.

Orlando City SC
Orlando City Soccer Club is an American professional soccer club based in Orlando, Florida. The club competes in Major League Soccer (MLS) as a member of the Eastern Conference. Owned by Zygi, Leonard, and Mark Wilf, it is the sister club of the National Women's Soccer League's Orlando Pride and MLS Next Pro's Orlando City B. The team plays its home games in downtown Orlando at Inter&Co Stadium, which is owned and operated by the club.

The team played as a charter member of the USL Pro, winning three Commissioner's Cups and two league championships in its first four seasons. The victories led to a successful bid to enter MLS, the highest level of the United States soccer league system, debuting in its 2015 season alongside New York City FC, and selling their USL franchise rights to Louisville City FC. Since its purchase by the Wilf family in 2021, the club has qualified twice for the CONCACAF Champions Cup, and won the U.S. Open Cup in 2022.
Kathmandu 2 (constituency)
Kathmandu 2 is one of 10 parliamentary constituencies of Kathmandu District in Nepal. Kathmandu 2(A) consisting Koteshwor and Pepsicola of Kathmandu Metropolitan City. Kathmandu 2(B) consisting areas of Kageshwari-Manohara Municipality and Shankharapur Municipality. This constituency came into existence on the Constituency Delimitation Commission (CDC) report submitted on 31 August 2017.

Koteshwor
Koteshwar is a place, located in Kathmandu District. In 1991, Kathmandu Metropolitan City was expanded by incorporating Koteshwar as Ward No. 32 (previously 35). It encompasses 395 hectares and is bounded by the Manohara river in the east and south, the Bagmati river in the west, and share borders with Gothatar in the north, Madhyapur Thimi municipality of Bhaktapur District in east and Lalitpur metropolitan city in the south. With respect to basic services, almost all homes in the ward have access to electricity, but the same cannot be said about drinking water. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 5,787 living in 1,154 households.
The ward contains 8,716 households. The population in 2001 was 35,184.
Ctenotus hilli
Ctenotus hilli, also known commonly as Hill's ctenotus and the Top-end lowlands ctenotus,  is a species of lizard in the subfamily Sphenomorphinae of the family Scincidae (skinks). The species is endemic to the Northern Territory in  Australia.

Skink
Skinks are lizards that constitute the family Scincidae, which is part of the infraorder Scincomorpha. With more than 1,500 described species across 100 different taxonomic genera, the family Scincidae is one of the most diverse families of lizards. Skinks are characterized by their smaller legs in comparison to typical lizards and are found in different habitats except arctic and subarctic regions.
Mara Topić
Mara Štefica Topić Verduga is an Ecuadorian beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Universe Ecuador 2024, and represented Ecuador at Miss Universe 2024.

She previously won Miss Grand Ecuador 2019, and represented Ecuador at Miss Grand International 2019, where she finished in the top ten.

Miss Grand International 2019
Miss Grand International 2019 was the seventh Miss Grand International pageant, held at the Poliedro de Caracas in Caracas, Venezuela, on 25 October 2019.

Clara Sosa of Paraguay crowned Valentina Figuera of Venezuela as her successor at the end of the event. This was the first time that the host country delegate won the crown.
Samvel Gezalian
Samvel (or Samuel) Gezalian (Armenian: Սամվել Գյոզալյան, Russian: Самвел Гезалян; born 12 September 1970) is an Armenian former competitive ice dancer who represented the Soviet Union, Belarus, and Armenia in international competition. With Tatiana Navka, he is the 1991 Skate America and Nations Cup champion and placed 11th at the 1994 Winter Olympics for Belarus. With Ksenia Smetanenko, he is the 1997 Golden Spin of Zagreb champion and competed at the 1998 Winter Olympics for Armenia.

Figure skating at the 1998 Winter Olympics
The figure skating events in 1998 Winter Olympics were held at the White Ring in Nagano. There were no changes in the format or scoring systems from 1994. Professionals were again allowed to compete, although they had to declare that intention and compete in ISU-approved events to do so. Previously, the ISU had been accused of rejecting Western professionals, while allowing Eastern Bloc state-sponsored "amateurs" to compete. Most of the top competitors by 1998 were now openly professional.

The competitions took place on the following days:

Pairs: 8–10 February 1998

Men's singles: 12–14 February 1998

Ice dance: 13–16 February 1998

Ladies' singles: 18–20 February 1998

Exhibition gala: 21 February 1998
Hazaar Chaurasi Ki Maa
Hazaar Chaurasi Ki Maa (English: The Mother of 1084) is a 1998 Indian feature film that deals with the life of a woman who loses her son, a Naxalite, to the violence that is a result of his adopted ideology.

The film is directed produced by Govind Nihalani and is based on Magsaysay and Jnanpith award recipient Mahasweta Devi's Bengali 1974 novel Hajar Churashir Maa. The screenplay is written by Nihalani and the dialogues by Tripurari Sharma. The film stars Jaya Bachchan, Anupam Kher, Milind Gunaji, Seema Biswas, Joy Sengupta and Nandita Das. It marks Jaya Bachchan's return to acting after a gap of 18 years.

In 1998, Hazaar Chaurasi Ki Maa won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi.

Seema Biswas
Seema Biswas (born 14 January 1965) is an Indian actress who works in Hindi films and the theatre. She gained prominence after playing the role of Phoolan Devi in Shekhar Kapur's film Bandit Queen (1994), for which she won the National Film Award for Best Actress. She won the 2000 Sangeet Natak Akademi Award and the 2006 Best Actress Genie Award for her role as Shakuntala in Deepa Mehta's Water (2005). Her other mainstream films include Khamoshi: The Musical (1996), for which she won the Screen Award for Best Supporting Actress, Bhoot (2003), Vivah (2006) and Half Girlfriend (2017). In addition to films, Biswas has appeared in many television shows, most recently, The Family Man (Indian TV series).
Lost & Found in Cleveland
Lost & Found in Cleveland is a 2024 American comedy film written, produced, and directed by Marisa Guterman and Keith Gerchak, and starring Martin Sheen, Jeff Hiller, Dennis Haysbert, June Squibb, Stacy Keach, Santino Fontana, Loretta Devine, Jon Lovitz, Dot-Marie Jones, Liza Weil, Rory O'Malley, Esther Povitsky, Benamin Steinhauser, Yvette Yates Redick, and Mark L. Walberg. It is Guterman and Gerchak's feature directorial debut.

Santino Fontana
Santino Fontana is an American actor and singer. He began his career in 2006 playing Hamlet at the Guthrie Theater. He has received a Tony Award, two Drama Desk Awards, an Outer Critics Circle Award, Lucille Lortel Award, Obie Award, and Clarence Derwent Award. In 2019, Fontana won the Tony, Drama Desk, and Outer Critics Circle Awards for his lead performance as Michael Dorsey in the stage adaptation of Tootsie. In addition to his stage and TV work, Fontana voiced Prince Hans in Disney's 2013 animated film Frozen.
Charlene Fernandez
Charlene Fernandez (née Ramos; born February 24, 1955) is an American politician who is the Leader of the Arizona Democratic Party. She formerly served as the Democratic leader of the Arizona House of Representatives from 2019 to 2021. She was first elected to the state House in 2014 and represents Southwestern Arizona, specifically, the majority of Yuma County, western Pima County, southwestern Maricopa County and southwestern Pinal County. She resigned on November 15, 2021 to take a position at the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Her son Brian Fernandez was appointed by the Yuma County, Arizona Board of Supervisors to succeed her in the Arizona House of Representatives.

Yuma County, Arizona
Yuma County is a county in the southwestern corner of the U.S. state of Arizona, one of 15 counties in the state. As of the 2020 census, its population was 203,881. The county seat is Yuma.

Yuma County includes the Yuma, Arizona Metropolitan Statistical Area.

The county borders three states: Sonora, Mexico, to the south, and two other states to the west, across the Colorado River: California of the United States and the Mexican state of Baja California.

Being 63.8% Hispanic in 2020, Yuma is Arizona's largest majority-Hispanic county.
Dalon
The Dalon is a stream in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of France (Corrèze and Dordogne departments). It is a left tributary of the Auvézère river, which is part of the Dordogne basin. The Dolan is 17.5 km (10.9 mi) long.

The river begins in the commune of Segonzac in Corrèze. The river empties into the Auvézère at the left bank southwest of Génis in Dordogne.

Dordogne (river)
The Dordogne (French pronunciation: [dɔʁdɔɲ] ⓘ; Occitan: Dordonha) is a river in south-central and southwest France. It is 483.1 km (300.2 mi) long. The Dordogne and its watershed were designated Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO on 11 July 2012.
Veeti Vuorio
Veeti Vuorio (born 20 May 1996) is a Finnish ice hockey player. He is currently playing with HC TPS in the Finnish Liiga.

On 12 March 2015, Vuorio made his Liiga debut playing with HC TPS during the 2014–15 season.

HC TPS
TPS or Turun Palloseura is an ice hockey team and 10-time champion of SM-liiga and 1-time champion of SM-sarja. They play in Turku, Finland, at Gatorade Center. In terms of championships, TPS is the second all-time most successful team in SM-Liiga, right behind Tappara.
Matla Ellamaraju
Matla Ellamaraju also known as Matla Ellama was an important leader of the Matli Chiefs and a military commander under the Vijayanagara Empire. He was the father of Matla Anantaraju and played a key role in supporting Emperor Venkatapati Raya. Ellamaraju helped suppress major rebellions in the Rayalaseema region including those led by Tirupatiraju of Pottapi and Krishnamraju of Nandyala who had risen against the emperor.

Matli Chiefs
The Matla Chiefs (also spelled Matli) were a family of regional chieftains who ruled parts of the Cuddapah district (modern-day Kadapa) in Andhra Pradesh, India. They held sway primarily over the region of Siddhavatam and were active from at least the early 16th century until the early 19th century. The family's political influence, martial involvement, and local governance are documented through inscriptions and historical accounts.
Hazel Reeves
Hazel Reeves, MRSS is a British sculptor based in Sussex, England, who specialises in figure and portrait commissions in bronze. Her work has been shown widely across England and Wales. Public commissions can be found in Carlisle, London, Congleton and Manchester. Since 2020, Reeves' work increasingly embraces soundscapes of nature and movement.

Congleton
Congleton is a market town and civil parish in the borough of Cheshire East, in Cheshire, England. The town is on the River Dane, 21 miles (34 km) south of Manchester and 13 miles (21 km) north of Stoke on Trent. At the 2021 census, the town's built-up area had a population of 30,005, while the parish had a population of 28,497.
George R. Price
George Robert Price (October 16, 1922 – January 6, 1975) was an American population geneticist. Price is often noted for his formulation of the Price equation in 1967.

Originally a physical chemist and later a science journalist, he moved to London in 1967, where he worked in theoretical biology at the Galton Laboratory, making three important contributions:  first, rederiving W.D. Hamilton's work on kin selection with the new Price equation that vindicated group selection; second, introducing (with John Maynard Smith) the concept of the evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS), a central concept in game theory; and third, formalizing Fisher's fundamental theorem of natural selection.

Price converted to Christianity and gave all his possessions to the poor.  Struggling with a thyroid condition in conditions of great poverty, he grew increasingly depressed and committed suicide.

Galton Laboratory
The Galton Laboratory of National Eugenics was a laboratory established for the research of eugenics, later for the study of biometry and statistics, and eventually human genetics, based at University College London (UCL) in London, England. Reflective of his focus on quantitative analysis that led to statistical heredity and eugenics. In the early 1900s, biometricians such as Karl Pearson and Mendelians like William Bateson were inspired by his work. In 1904, he launched his eugenics campaign at the Sociological Society, founded by Patrick Geddes and others. This was a step towards making eugenics a national social scientific program. The laboratory existed in name until 2020.
The Legend of Lobo
The Legend of Lobo is a 1962 American animal-adventure film that follows the life and adventures of Lobo, a wolf born and raised in southwestern North America. Based upon "Lobo the King of Currumpaw" by Ernest Thompson Seton from the author's 1898 book titled Wild Animals I Have Known, neither the time period nor the precise location are specified in the film, in part because the story is told as much from a wolf's point of view as from a human's. There is no dialogue in the film, with the only interpretation presented through the use of story-song composed and sung by the Sons of the Pioneers and the Sherman Brothers, and narration by Rex Allen. Based on the non-fiction account by Seton, Lobo is an 1890s wolf from an account by Seton who was a naturalist, and was a bounty hunter in the real-life story. Filming took place in Sedona, Arizona.

Sons of the Pioneers
The Sons of the Pioneers are one of the United States' earliest Western singing groups. Known for their vocal performances, their musicianship, and their songwriting, they produced innovative recordings that have inspired many Western music performers and remained popular through the years. Since 1933, through many changes in membership, the Sons of the Pioneers have remained one of the longest-surviving country music vocal groups.
Battle of Hacıhasanlar
The battle of Hacıhasanlar was a phase of the Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829). On 24 September 1828, the Ottoman corps under the command of Omer Vrioni inflicted a major defeat at Hacıhasanlar near Varna on the Russian army's reconnaissance corps under General Harding, who was besieging Varna.

Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829)
The Russo-Turkish War of 1828–1829 resulted from the Greek War of Independence of 1821–1829; war broke out after the Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II closed the Dardanelles to  Russian ships and in November 1827 revoked the 1826 Akkerman Convention
in retaliation for the participation of the Imperial Russian Navy in the Battle of Navarino of October 1827.

The Ottoman Empire had bloodily abolished its centuries-old regular army, the Janissary Corps, in 1826. A year later, Great Britain, France, and Russia jointly raided the Ottoman Navy at Navarino. When war broke out between the Ottomans and Russia in 1828, the Ottomans possessed neither a regular army nor a navy. After suffering several defeats, both in the Balkans and in the Caucasus, the Sultan decided to sue for peace, which resulted in the signing of the Treaty of Adrianople on 14 September 1829.
Spain men's national water polo team
The Spain men's national water polo team (Spanish: Selección Española de Waterpolo) represents Spain in men's international water polo competitions and it is controlled by Real Federación Española de Natación.

Spain got the «Triple Crown», they are Olympic (1996), World (1998, 2001, 2022, 2025) and European (2024) champions. They also have won medals in the main international competitions: two Olympic, eleven World Championships, eight European Championships, seven World Cup and five World League medals, making them one of the most successful men's water polo teams in the world.

European Water Polo Championship
The European Water Polo Championship is a sport competition for national water polo teams, currently held biannually and organized by the European Aquatics, the European governing body for aquatic sports. There are both men's and women's competitions.

The first European Water Polo Championship was held in 1926 in Budapest, Hungary, with just a men's competition. The women for the first time competed in 1985 (Oslo, Norway) for the European title. The water polo tournament was part of the European Aquatics Championships up to and including 1997, and from 1999 the event was separated and got its own independent tournament.