hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Immaterial labor
Immaterial labor is a framework with origins in Marxist-based political economy, particularly Autonomist political philosophy, to describe how value is produced from affective and cognitive activities, which, in various ways, are commodified in capitalist economies.

The concept of immaterial labor was coined by Italian sociologist and philosopher Maurizio Lazzarato in his 1996 essay "Immaterial Labor", published as a contribution to Radical Thought in Italy and edited by Virno and Hardt. It was re-published in 1997 as: Lavoro immateriale. Forme di vita e produzione di soggettività. (Ombre corte). Lazzarato was a participant in the Years of Lead (Italy) group as a student in Padua in the 1970s, and is a member of the editorial group of the journal Multitudes. Post-Marxist scholars including Franco Berardi, Antonio Negri, Michael Hardt, Judith Revel, and Paolo Virno, among others have also employed the concept.

Paolo Virno
Paolo Virno (/ˈvɜːrnoʊ/; Italian: [ˈvirno]; 14 May 1952 – 7 November 2025) was an Italian philosopher, semiologist and a figurehead for the Italian Marxist movement. Implicated in belonging to illegal social movements during the 1960s and 1970s, Virno was arrested and jailed in 1979, accused of belonging to the Red Brigades. He spent several years in prison before finally being acquitted, after which he organized the publication Luogo Comune (Italian for "commonplace") in order to vocalize the political ideas, he developed during his imprisonment. At the time of his death, Virno was teaching philosophy at the University of Rome.
Gmina Ostrów
Gmina Ostrów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Ropczyce-Sędziszów County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Ostrów, which lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) west of Ropczyce and 30 km (19 mi) west of the regional capital Rzeszów.

The gmina covers an area of 96.62 square kilometres (37.3 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 6,808.

Ropczyce
Ropczyce [rɔpˈt͡ʂɨt͡sɛ] (Yiddish: ראָפּשיץ, romanized: Ropshitz) is a town in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship in south-eastern Poland, situated in the valley of the Wielopolka River (a tributary of the Wisłoka River). The town has a population of 15,098 (as of 2 June 2009). and is the seat of Ropczyce-Sędziszów County.
Harm reduction in the United States
Harm reduction consists of a series of strategies aimed at reducing the negative impacts of drug use on users. It has been described as an alternative to the U.S.'s moral model and disease model of drug use and addiction. While the moral model treats drug use as a morally wrong action and the disease model treats it as a biological or genetic disease needing medical intervention, harm reduction takes a public health approach with a basis in pragmatism. Harm reduction provides an alternative to complete abstinence as a method for preventing and mitigating the negative consequences of drug use and addiction.

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA; pronounced  /ˈsæmsə/) is a branch of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). SAMHSA is charged with improving the quality and availability of treatment and rehabilitative services in order to reduce illness, death, disability, and the cost to society resulting from substance abuse and mental illnesses.  The Administrator of SAMHSA reports directly to the secretary of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. SAMHSA's headquarters building is located outside of Rockville, Maryland.

As part of the announced 2025 HHS reorganization, SAMHSA is planned to be integrated into the new Administration for a Healthy America.
Tongwei County
Tongwei County is located in the middle of Gansu province, the People's Republic of China, with east longitude between 104°57' and north latitude between 34°55' and 35°29'. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Dingxi. Its postal code is 743300. The total population at the end of 2009 was 458 thousand, including agricultural population of 405.8 thousand which accounts for 88.6% of the total population, and the total number of households were 110.1 thousand, including 87.5 thousand rural households that account for 79.47% of the total households. Tongwei County is thus an area that is predominant on agriculture. Due to the loess landscape with steep gullies, the roads and rural settlement layout is very unevenly distributed.

Dingxi
Dingxi (Chinese: 定西; pinyin: Dìngxī), also known as Longyou (Chinese: 陇右; pinyin: Lǒngyòu) is a prefecture-level city in the southeast of Gansu province, People's Republic of China. As of the 2020 census, its population was 2,524,097 inhabitants, of which 422,383 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of Anding urban district.
Komsomol, Atyrau
47°19′12″N 53°39′55″E﻿ / ﻿47.32000°N 53.66528°E﻿ / 47.32000; 53.66528

Komsomol (Kazakh: Комсомол, Komsomol, كومسومول), also known as Komsomol'skiy, (Russian: Комсомольский, Komsomol'skiy) is a town in Atyrau Region, west Kazakhstan. It lies at an altitude of 22 m (72 ft) below sea level.

Atyrau Region
Atyrau Region (Kazakh: Атырау облысы, romanized: Atyrau oblysy; Russian: Атырауская область), formerly known as Guryev Region (Russian: Гурьевская область) until 1991, is one of the regions of Kazakhstan, in the western part of the country around the northeast of the Caspian Sea. Its capital is the city of Atyrau, with a population of 355,117; the region itself has a population of 681,241, of which Kazakhs make up more than 90%.
Holy Family Church (Pittsburgh)
Holy Family Church is a historic former Roman Catholic church in the Lawrenceville neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and a contributing property in the Lawrenceville Historic District. The church was built in 1939–40 and was designed in the Romanesque Revival architectural style with modernist design principles.

Lawrenceville (Pittsburgh)
Lawrenceville is one of the largest neighborhood areas in Pittsburgh in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. It is located northeast of downtown, and like many of the city's riverfront neighborhoods, it has an industrial past.  The city officially divides Lawrenceville into three neighborhoods, Upper Lawrenceville, Central Lawrenceville, and Lower Lawrenceville, but these distinctions have little practical effect. Accordingly, Lawrenceville is almost universally treated as a single large neighborhood.

In 2019, the Lawrenceville Historic District, which encompasses the majority of the neighborhood, was added to the National Register of Historic Places.
WYTC-LP
WYTC-LP (89.1 FM) is a radio station licensed to Hyde Park, Vermont, United States. The station is owned by Union High School District #18.

89.1 FM is run by Lamoille Union Middle and High school students. The studio is located in the Green Mountain Technical and Career Center.

Hyde Park (town), Vermont
Hyde Park is a town in and the shire town (county seat) of Lamoille County, Vermont, United States. The town was named for Captain Jedediah Hyde, an early landowner who was a veteran of the American Revolutionary War. The population was 3,020 at the 2020 census. There is also a village of the same name within the town.
Wuhe Township, Henan
Wuhe Township (simplified Chinese: 吴河乡; traditional Chinese: 吳河鄉; pinyin: Wúhé Xiāng) is a township under the administration of Shangcheng County, Henan, China. As of 2020, it has 16 villages under its administration:

Wuhe Village

Zengwa Village (曾洼村)

Macao Village (马槽村)

Guomiao Village (郭庙村)

Zhangdian Village (掌店村)

Qizhongwan Village (漆中湾村)

Fanqi Village (范棋村)

Chenwa Village (陈洼村)

Gaojiafan Village (高家畈村)

Shenfan Village (沈畈村)

Zengyoufang Village (曾油坊村)

Liujiafan Village (六甲畈村)

Wan'an Village (万安村)

Qingtang'ao Village (清塘坳村)

Lianhuashan Village (莲花山村)

Kaijuesi Village (开觉寺村)

Shangcheng County
Shangcheng County (Chinese: 商城县; pinyin: Shāngchéng Xiàn) is a county of Henan province, China, containing the province's southernmost point and bordering Anhui to the southeast as well as Hubei to the south and southwest. It is under the administration of Xinyang City.
Chestnut-backed antbird
The chestnut-backed antbird (Poliocrania exsul) is a passerine bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama.

Philip Sclater
Philip Lutley Sclater FRS FRGS FZS FLS (4 November 1829 – 27 June 1913) was an English lawyer and zoologist. In zoology, he was an expert ornithologist, and identified the main zoogeographic regions of the world. He was Secretary of the Zoological Society of London for 42 years, from 1860 to 1902.
Iranian Turkmens
Iranian Turkmens (Persian: ترکمن‌های ایران; Turkmen: ایران تۆرکمن‌لری, romanized: Eýranly Türkmenler) are a branch of Turkmen people living mainly in northern and northeastern regions of Iran. Their region is called Turkmen Sahra and includes substantial parts of Golestan Province of Iran. The number of Turkmens in Iran is estimated at 0.5 to 2.4 million people.

Turkmen tribes
The major modern Turkmen tribes are Teke, Yomut, Ersari, Chowdur, Gokleng, and Saryk. The most numerous are the Teke.

The origin of all of these tribes is traced to 24 ancient Oghuz tribes, among which the Salur tribe played a prominent role as its people are considered the ancestors of modern Turkmen tribes such as Teke, Yomut and Ersari.

Seljuks, Khwarazmians, Qara Qoyunlu, Aq Qoyunlu, Ottomans, and Afsharids are also believed to descend from the early Oghuz Turkmen tribes of Qiniq, Begdili, Yiwa, Bayandur, Kayi, and Afshar respectively.
White hand sign
The white hand sign is a medical sign observed as a visible whitening of skin on the hand when the subject elevates the hands above the shoulder girdle with fingers pointing to the ceiling and palms facing forward. It results from this change in position causing a compression of the subclavian artery and temporary loss of circulation, as often occurs in patients with thoracic outlet syndrome, a complex syndrome involving the compression of various nerves and blood vessels between the axilla (armpit) and the base of the neck.

Signs and symptoms
Signs and symptoms are diagnostic indications of an illness, injury, or condition. While signs are objective and externally observable, symptoms are a person's reported subjective experiences.

A sign, for example, can be an elevated or lower than normal temperature or blood pressure; or an abnormal finding showing on medical imaging. A symptom is something out of the ordinary that is experienced by an individual such as feeling feverish, a headache or other pains in the body. Symptoms can be a result of the immune system's response to an infection, the physical manifestation of an abnormal body condition, or the effect of a consumed substance. Symptoms, though often indicative of a disease process, are not always diagnostically relevant, and can be idiopathic in nature.
CO2 content
CO2 content (also known as "Total CO2") is a blood test that usually appears on a "Chem 19" or an electrolyte panel. The value measures the total dissolved Carbon dioxide (CO2) in blood. It is determined by combining the Bicarbonate (HCO−3) and the partial pressure of CO2 multiplied by a factor which estimates the amount of pure CO2 that is dissolved in its natural form (usually 0.03).

One given reference range is 24–32 mEq/L.

Blood test
A blood test is a laboratory analysis performed on a blood sample that is usually extracted from a vein in the arm using a hypodermic needle, or via fingerprick. Multiple tests for specific blood components, such as a glucose test or a cholesterol test, are often grouped together into one test panel called a blood panel or blood work. Blood tests are often used in health care to determine physiological and biochemical states, such as disease, mineral content, pharmaceutical drug effectiveness, and organ function. Typical clinical blood panels include a basic metabolic panel or a complete blood count. Blood tests are also used in drug tests to detect drug abuse.
Chuck Compton
Chuck Compton (born January 13, 1965) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive back for the Green Bay Packers in the National Football League (NFL). He played in two games with the Packers during the 1987 NFL season as a replacement player after the National Football League Players Association (NFLPA) went on strike for 24 days. Compton played college football for the Boise State Broncos before his professional career.

1987 NFL season
The 1987 NFL season was the 68th regular season of the National Football League (NFL).  This season included games predominantly played by replacement players, as the National Football League Players Association (NFLPA)  players were on strike from weeks four to six with week three being cancelled in its entirety. This remains the last NFL season in which regular-season games were impacted by a labor conflict (as well as the last season when non-union players were used as strikebreaking competitors).

The season ended with Super Bowl XXII, with the Washington Redskins defeating the Denver Broncos, 42–10, at Jack Murphy Stadium in San Diego. The Broncos suffered their second consecutive Super Bowl defeat.
Elmer Ray
Elmer "Violent" Ray (March 3, 1911 – May 20, 1987) was an American professional boxer who fought from 1933 to 1949. Ray, also known as "The Florida Thumper," was one of the hardest-hitting heavyweights of the 1940s. During a boxing career that included battle royals and alligator wrestling, he scored 69 knockouts. Ray never fought for the title, but did fight multiple exhibition bouts against Joe Louis. He also fought Jersey Joe Walcott, Lee Savold and Ezzard Charles. In 2003, Ray made The Ring magazine's list of 100 greatest punchers of all-time at No. 44.

Joe Louis
Joseph Louis Barrow (May 13, 1914 – April 12, 1981) was an American professional boxer who competed from 1934 to 1951. Nicknamed "the Brown Bomber", Louis is widely regarded as one of the greatest and most influential boxers of all time. He reigned as the world heavyweight champion from 1937 until his temporary retirement in 1949. He was victorious in 25 consecutive title defenses, a record for all weight classes. Louis has the longest single reign as champion of any boxer in history.

Louis's cultural impact was felt well outside the ring. He is widely regarded as the first African-American to achieve the status of a nationwide hero within the United States, and was also a focal point of anti-Nazi sentiment leading up to and during World War II because of his historic rematch with German boxer Max Schmeling in 1938.
Onconida
Onconida is a genus of squat lobsters in the family Munididae, containing the following species:

Onconida alaini Baba & de Saint Laurent, 1996

Onconida gemini Baba & de Saint Laurent, 1996

Onconida modica Baba & de Saint Laurent, 1996

Onconida prostrata Baba & de Saint Laurent, 1996

Onconida tropis Baba & de Saint Laurent, 1996

Squat lobster
Squat lobsters are dorsoventrally flattened crustaceans with long tails held curled beneath the cephalothorax. They are found in the two superfamilies Galatheoidea and Chirostyloidea, which form part of the decapod infraorder Anomura, alongside groups including the hermit crabs and mole crabs. They are distributed worldwide in the oceans, and occur from near the surface to deep sea hydrothermal vents, with one species occupying caves above sea level. More than 900 species have been described, in around 60 genera. If one considers the members of the family Aeglidae as squat lobsters, then those numbers rise to more than 1000 species in 61 genera, and they occur at an altitude up to 3600 meters above sea level. Some species form dense aggregations, either on the sea floor or in the water column, and a small number are commercially fished.
Sunawarshi Municipality
Sunwarshi (Nepali: सुनवर्षि) is an urban municipality in Morang District of Province No. 1 of Nepal. It is one out of nine urban municipalities of Morang District.

The municipality was formed in March 2017 merging some former VDCs: e.g. Amardaha, Govindapur, Baradanga and Dainiya, also taken 3 wards from Rangeli Municipality.

The municipality is divided into 9 wards and total area of the municipality is 106.4 km2 and the population of the municipality is 50758, according to the census of Nepal in 2011. The sunawarshi Municipality name was given from oldest Sunawarshi Maharajthan.

It is surrounded by Ratuwamai in east, Rangeli and Kanepokhari in west, Pathari Sanischare in north and India in south.

Baradanga
Baradanga is a village development committee in Morang District in the Kosi Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 7194 people living in 1456 individual households.
Vel blood group
The Vel blood group is a human blood group that has been implicated in hemolytic transfusion reactions. The blood group consists of a single antigen, the high-frequency Vel antigen, which is expressed on the surface of red blood cells. Individuals are typed as Vel-positive or Vel-negative depending on the presence of this antigen. The expression of the antigen in Vel-positive individuals is highly variable and can range from strong to weak. Individuals with the rare Vel-negative blood type develop anti-Vel antibodies when exposed to Vel-positive blood, which can cause transfusion reactions on subsequent exposures.

Immunoglobulin M
Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is the largest of several isotypes of antibodies (also known as immunoglobulin) that are produced by vertebrates. IgM is the first antibody to appear in the response to initial exposure to an antigen; causing it to also be called an acute phase antibody. In humans and other mammals that have been studied, plasmablasts in the spleen are the main source of specific IgM production.
Shrine of the Most Blessed Sacrament
The Shrine of the Most Blessed Sacrament of Our Lady of the Angels Monastery, informally known as OLAM Shrine, is a prominent Catholic shrine located in Hanceville, Alabama, United States, in the Diocese of Birmingham. Adjacent is the cloistered Monastery of the Poor Clare Nuns of Perpetual Adoration, situated on a 400-acre (160 ha) site and a religious center affiliated with the Eternal Word Television Network.

The shrine is notable for its gilt interior, solemn atmosphere, and 7.5-foot (2.3 m) monstrance. The shrine is named in honor of the Blessed Sacrament, while the building surroundings are dedicated to the Divino Niño, a title of the Child Jesus found prominently displayed all over the area. Its foundress, Mother Mary Angelica of the Annunciation, resided at the cloistered monastery with her nuns until her death in 2016.

Diocese of Birmingham in Alabama
The Diocese of Birmingham in Alabama is a diocese of the Catholic Church in northern Alabama in the United States. It was erected in 1969, being a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Mobile. The Cathedral of Saint Paul in Birmingham serves as the mother church. EWTN, a major Catholic media enterprise, is located in the diocese.
Luděk Sekyra
Luděk Sekyra (born 8 February 1964) is a Czech entrepreneur and philanthropist. He is the owner of the Sekyra Group, which has operated on the Czech real estate market since 1996 and focuses on the residential and commercial sectors. Cyprus-based companies controlled by Sekyra have stakes in several major real estate development projects in Prague including Smíchov City, Rohan City, and Žižkov City. Luděk Sekyra is the founder and chairman of the board of the Sekyra Foundation.

Forbes magazine included Luděk Sekyra to the list of billionaires, which makes him 26th richest Czech with an estimated net worth of 19.7 billion Czech koruna, which is approximately US$889 million.

Harris Manchester College, Oxford
Harris Manchester College (HMC), officially Manchester Academy and Harris College, is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom.

It was founded in Warrington in 1757 as the Warrington Academy, a college for Unitarian students and moved to Oxford in 1893 . It became a full college of the university in 1996, taking its current name to commemorate its predecessor the Manchester Academy and a benefaction by Lord Harris of Peckham.

The college's postgraduate and undergraduate places are exclusively for students aged 21 years or over. With around 100 undergraduates and 150 postgraduates, Harris Manchester is the smallest undergraduate college in either of the Oxbridge universities.
2020 Okolo Slovenska
The 2020 Okolo Slovenska (transl. Tour of Slovakia) was a five-stage men's professional road cycling race. The race was the 64th edition of the Okolo Slovenska. It was rated as a 2.1 event as part of the 2020 UCI Europe Tour. The race started in Žilina on 16 September and finished on 19 September in Skalica.

2020 UCI Europe Tour
The 2020 UCI Europe Tour was the sixteenth season of the UCI Europe Tour. The 2020 season began on 25 January 2020 with the GP Belek and ended on 14 October 2020 with the Scheldeprijs.

Throughout the season, points are awarded to the top finishers of stages within stage races and the final general classification standings of each of the stages races and one-day events. The quality and complexity of a race also determines how many points are awarded to the top finishers, the higher the UCI rating of a race, the more points are awarded.

The UCI ratings from highest to lowest are as follows:

Multi-day events: 2.Pro, 2.1 and 2.2

One-day events: 1.Pro, 1.1 and 1.2
Tredegar Square
51°31′37″N 0°1′53″W﻿ / ﻿51.52694°N 0.03139°W﻿ / 51.52694; -0.03139

Tredegar Square pronounced /trɪˈdiːɡər/ is a well-preserved Georgian square in Mile End, within the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. The square has a garden in the centre with lawns and large trees. Tredegar Square is legally protected by the Fields in Trust charity as part of the King George's Fields programme, ensuring it will remain as a green space in perpetuity.

Mile End
Mile End is an area in London, England and is located in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. It is in East London and part of the East End. It is 4.2 miles (6.8 km) east of Charing Cross. Situated on the part of the London-to-Colchester road called Mile End Road, it was one of the earliest suburbs of London.

It was also known as Mile End Old Town; the name provides a geographical distinction from the unconnected former hamlet called Mile End New Town. In 2011, Mile End had a population of 28,544.
Historical Museum of the Saru River
The Historical Museum of the Saru River (沙流川歴史館, Saru-gawa Rekishi-kan) opened in the Nibutani area of Biratori, Hokkaidō, Japan in 1998, the year after Nibutani Dam was completed. The Museum documents the natural and cultural history of life along the Saru River and has information on nearby chashi. The collection includes 123 objects dating from the fifteenth to the seventeenth centuries that were excavated from the Nibutani Site (二風谷遺跡) and have been designated a Prefectural Cultural Property. The "Cultural Landscape along the Sarugawa River resulting from Ainu Tradition and Modern Settlement" has been designated an Important Cultural Landscape.

Biratori, Hokkaido
Biratori (平取町, Biratori-chō) (Ainu: ピラ・ウトゥル, romanized: pira-utur) is a town located in Hidaka Subprefecture, Hokkaidō, Japan.  As of 31 December 2025, the town had an estimated population of 4,361 in 2374 households, and a population density of 5 people per km2. The total area of the town is 743.09 km2 (286.91 sq mi). The name of the town means 'between the rocky cliffs' in the Ainu language.