hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Architectural education in India
Architectural education in India includes educational activities involved in the education and training of architects in the country. A typical outline of the architectural education pathway is presented below.

Diploma (India)
Diploma is a Degree course offered by various Organisations, Institutions and Universities in different states of India. The courses and syllabus are designed and approved by All India Council of Technical Education. The educational system is also called Polytechnic. Students opt for these courses after passing out from 10th or 12th schooling in India.
Virjal shevlisem
Viryal shevlisem (Chuvash: шевлесем (patches of light, glare; Chuvash: вирьял (Virjal) - riding Chuvashs) is an interregional festival of performers of the Chuvash variety song, carried out annually at the beginning of summer in Alikovo's village (the Alikovsky District of the Chuvash republic).

Founders: The culture, nationalities, information policy and archival business ministry of the Chuvash Republic, administration of the Alikovsky District.

Alikovsky District
Alikovsky District (Russian: А́ликовский райо́н; Chuvash: Элӗк районӗ, Elĕk rayonĕ) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-one in the Chuvash Republic, Russia. It is located in the northwestern central part of the republic and borders with Morgaushsky and Yadrinsky Districts in the north, Krasnoarmeysky District in the east, Vurnarsky and Shumerlinsky Districts in the south, and with Krasnochetaysky District in the west. The area of the district is 554.1 square kilometers (213.9 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Alikovo. Population:  18,282 (2010 census); 21,745 (2002 census); 23,575 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Alikovo accounts for 14.5% of the district's total population.
Bellshill Central Parish church
Bellshill Central Parish Church is a Parish church of the Church of Scotland, serving the areas of Bellshill town centre, Mossend, Milnwood and Orbiston. It is within the Church of Scotland's Presbytery of Hamilton.

Mossend
Mossend is a village in North Lanarkshire, Scotland, located beside the  town of Bellshill, west of the villages of Holytown and New Stevenston, north of the larger town of Motherwell and south of the Eurocentral industrial park and the M8 motorway. Along with Holytown, it forms a council ward which had a population of 13,480 in 2019, Mossend's estimated population being around half of that total.

The town is the site of two railway freight terminals: Mossend International Railfreight Park and Mossend EuroTerminal. The yard is primarily used by DB Cargo UK. Mossend formed around the steel industry, with Clydesdale Steel Works once dominating the east end of the town. It is also home to the Mossend Football Club, a local community football club for children from the age of 6 to 21 years old.
Col de Porte
The Col de Porte (elevation 1,326 m (4,350 ft)) is a mountain pass situated in the Chartreuse Mountains in the Isère department of France, between Le Sappey-en-Chartreuse to the south and Saint-Pierre-de-Chartreuse to the north. It sits on the D512 between Grenoble and Chambéry, and prior to 1998 was often crossed in conjunction with the Col du Cucheron and the Col du Granier.

To the east is Chamechaude, the highest summit in the Chartreuse Massif. There is a small ski resort situated near the col.

Col du Granier
Col du Granier (el. 1,134 m.) is a mountain pass in the Alps in the department of Savoie in France which crosses the Chartreuse Mountains to connect the villages of Entremont-le-Vieux (south), Apremont (north) and Chapareillan (east). It has been traversed several times by the Tour de France cycle race, including on Stage 12 of the 2012 race. It is situated between Mont Granier (1,933 m) (south-east) and Mont Joigny (1,558 m) (north-west).
2025 Carlton Football Club season
The 2025 Carlton Football Club season was the Carlton Football Club's 162nd season of competition.

It was the club's men's team's 129th season as a member of the Australian Football League, and the fourth under senior coach Michael Voss; and, in a decline from the prior three seasons, Carlton finished the season 11th with a win-loss record of 9–14, more than five games short of a finals berth.

The club's women's team is contesting its tenth season in the AFL Women's. The team finished 5th in the home-and-away season with an 8–6 record to qualify for finals for the first time since 2020, and finished 4th overall after being defeated in the preliminary finals.

The club also fielded its men's reserves team in the Victorian Football League and its state level women's team in the VFL Women's, failing to reach finals in either competition.

2025 AFL season
The 2025 AFL season was the 129th season of the Australian Football League (AFL), the highest-level senior men's Australian rules football competition in Australia. The season featured 18 clubs and ran from 7 March to 27 September, comprising a 23-match home-and-away season over 25 rounds, followed by a four-week finals series featuring the top eight clubs.

The Brisbane Lions won the premiership, defeating Geelong by 47 points in the 2025 AFL Grand Final; it was their second consecutive premiership and fifth AFL premiership overall. Adelaide won the minor premiership by finishing atop the home-and-away ladder with an 18–5 win–loss record, but lost both of its finals. Gold Coast's Matt Rowell won the Brownlow Medal as the league's best and fairest player, and Geelong's Jeremy Cameron won his second Coleman Medal as the league's leading goalkicker.
Renova Group
Renova Group is a Russian conglomerate with interests in aluminium, oil, energy, telecoms and a variety of other sectors. The main owner and president is Viktor Vekselberg who founded the company in 1990.

The Renova Group is primarily active in Russia, the C.I.S. states, Switzerland, South Africa and the United States. Its major assets include participation in the oil company TNK-BP and in aluminum producer RUSAL.

Renova maintains very close ties to both Saudi Arabia and the Arab world as a member of the Russian-Saudi Economic Council and the Russian-Saudi and Russian-Arab Business Councils which are part of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry (CCI). Vladimir Yevtushenkov, who founded and controls Sistema, is the chairman of both the Russian-Saudi and Russian-Arab Business Councils since 2002.

In 2010 Renova Group entered into an agreement to provide funding for Fort Ross. It is parent company of private equity firm Columbus Nova.

Sistema
AFK Sistema PAO is a large Russian conglomerate company, founded by Vladimir Yevtushenkov, who was chairman of the corporation's board of directors until 2022. In April, Yevtushenkov's shareholding in Sistema decreased to 49.2%, and he also stepped down from Sistema's board of directors.

Sistema has its headquarters in Moscow. The company's global depository receipts (GDRs) traded on the London Stock Exchange from 2005 until delisting in May 2023. It has been under US sanctions since November 2023.
Crown Colony of Malacca
Malacca was a British Crown colony from 1946 to 1957. It came under British sovereignty after the signing of the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824, and was part of the Straits Settlements until 1946.

During World War II, it was occupied by the Japanese from 1942 to 1945. Following the disbandment of the Straits Settlements in the aftermath of World War II, Penang and Malacca evolved into Crown colonies within the Federation of Malaya, while Singapore transformed into an individual Crown colony distinct from Malaya. In 1955, Tunku Abdul Rahman held a meeting with the British to discuss the end of British rule in Malacca with a merger with Malayan Union (which was then replaced by Federation of Malaya). On 31 August 1957, when Malaya achieved its independence from the United Kingdom, Malacca was integrated as part of the federation, which was later known as Malaysia when it merged with the territories in British Borneo.

Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824
The Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824, also known as the Treaty of London (Dutch: Verdrag van Londen), was a treaty between the United Kingdom and the Netherlands in London on 17 March 1824. The treaty was to resolve disputes arising from the execution of the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814. For the Dutch, it was signed by Hendrik Fagel and Anton Reinhard Falck, and for the British, George Canning and Charles Williams-Wynn.
Local Government Commission for England (1958–1967)
The Local Government Commission for England was established by the Local Government Act 1958 to review the organisation of local government, and make "such proposals as are hereinafter authorised for effecting changes appearing to the Commissions desirable in the interests of effective and convenient local government". Most of the commission's proposals failed to reach consensus and were not implemented, and the body was dissolved in 1967.

Nidderdale Rural District
Nidderdale was a rural district in the West Riding of Yorkshire from 1938 to 1974. It was created from the combination of most of the disbanded rural districts of Great Ouseburn and Knaresborough.

The district covered villages in the lower valley of the River Nidd between Hampsthwaite and York.  Despite its name it included only a small part of Nidderdale, most of which was in Ripon and Pateley Bridge Rural District.  It bordered Harrogate and Knaresborough urban districts on their west, north and east.

Charles Stourton, 26th Baron Mowbray, the premier baron, served on the district council from 1954 until 1959.

In 1974 it was merged with other districts under the Local Government Act 1972 to form part of the district of Harrogate in the new county of North Yorkshire.
Viborg Hurley School District 60-6
Viborg Hurley School District 60-6 is a school district headquartered in Viborg, South Dakota.

The majority of the district is in Turner County, where it includes Viborg, Hurley, Davis, and Cameron Colony. Portions extend into Yankton County.

Turner County, South Dakota
Turner County is a county in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 8,673. Its county seat is Parker. The county was established in 1871, and was named for Dakota Territory official John W. Turner.

Turner County is a part of the Sioux Falls metropolitan area.
Murray State Racers
The Murray State Racers are the athletic teams that represent Murray State University (MSU), located in Murray, Kentucky, United States, in intercollegiate sports as a member of the NCAA Division I ranks (for football, the Football Championship Subdivision), primarily competing in the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) since the 2022–23 academic year.  The Racers previously competed in the Ohio Valley Conference (OVC) from 1948–49 to 2021–22; and in the Kentucky Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (KIAC; now known as the River States Conference (RSC) since the 2016–17 school year) of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) from 1933–34 to 1947–48.

Citrus Bowl
The Citrus Bowl  is an annual college football bowl game played at Camping World Stadium in Orlando, Florida. The bowl is operated by Florida Citrus Sports, a non-profit group that also organizes the Pop-Tarts Bowl and Florida Classic. For sponsorship reasons, the game is officially known as the Cheez-It Citrus Bowl, named after the Cheez-It brand of cheese crackers produced by Kellanova, a subsidiary of Mars Inc.

Since the mid-1980s, the Citrus Bowl has drawn many high-ranked teams and is typically played at 1 p.m. EST on New Year's Day and broadcast nationally on ABC. When January 1 is a Sunday, the game has been played on January 2 or December 31, to avoid conflicting with the National Football League (NFL) schedule. As of 2019, it had the largest payout of all bowls other than those that were part of the College Football Playoff (CFP), at $8.55 million per team. In nearly every year since 1985, the game has featured two teams ranked in the AP poll.
York Historic District (York, South Carolina)
York Historic District in York, South Carolina is a historic district that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

The district includes Hart House and Wilson House, which are both separately listed on the NRHP.

Hart House (York, South Carolina)
Hart House is a historic home located at York, York County, South Carolina. It was built about 1855, and is a frame Greek Revival style raised cottage on a brick foundation. It features Palladian windows in the gable ends and a double portico with simple square columns.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.
Walter Chalmers
Walter Chalmers (27 February 1873 – 10 August 1957) was a British engineer. He followed his father into the North British Railway, starting as an apprentice at Cowlairs railway works. In 1904 he became Chief Draughtsman and, from 1920 to 1922, he was Chief Mechanical Engineer.

Chalmers was born in Leeds, to a Scottish father, Robert Chalmers from Paisley, Renfrewshire, and English mother, Sarah Jane Glendening, from Yorkshire. Robert had held the title Assistant Locomotive Superintendent and Chief Draughtsman. Walter Chalmers succeeded his father in the same role, but the title was abbreviated to Chief Draughtsman. In 1920, he succeeded William Paton Reid who had held the role of Locomotive Superintendent, but in line with other railway companies of the era, the title of the post was changed to Chief Mechanical Engineer. His own successor in the deputy position was J P Grassick, whose job title was also changed from Chief Draughtsman to Locomotive Running Superintendent.: 112

William P. Reid
William Paton Reid, CBE (8 September 1854 – 2 February 1932) was apprenticed to the Cowlairs railway works of the North British Railway in 1879 and was Locomotive Superintendent from 1903 to 1919. He was appointed a CBE in 1920.  He was born, and died, in Glasgow, Scotland.

Prior to his appointment, he had been Assistant Locomotive Superintendent to his predecessor, Matthew Holmes.
Carex albonigra
Carex albonigra is a species of sedge known by the common name black and white sedge. It is native to western North America from Alaska and most of western Canada to California to New Mexico, where it grows in mainly dry, rocky high mountain habitat such as talus. This sedge forms a dense clump 10 to 30 centimeters in height with narrow gray-green leaves. The inflorescence is a headlike cluster of overlapping spikes. The fruit is coated in a sac called a perigynium which is dark purple to chestnut brown and often tipped with white.

Carex
Carex is a vast genus of over 2,000 species of grass-like plants in the family Cyperaceae, commonly known as sedges (or seg, in older books). Other members of the family Cyperaceae are also called sedges; however, those of genus Carex may be called true sedges. Carex is the most species-rich genus in the family. The study of Carex is known as caricology.
Fairholt, Hadley Green
Fairholt is a grade II listed building on Hadley Green Road facing Hadley Green in the London Borough of Barnet. The house dates from around 1750. The gate and railings to the front of the house, which date from the late nineteenth century, are also listed. The house was used as a filming location for the 1970 film The Man Who Haunted Himself, featured as the home of the principal character Harold Pelham, played by Roger Moore.

Monken Hadley
Monken Hadley is an area in the London Borough of Barnet, at the northern edge of Greater London, England, lying some 11 miles (18 km) north north-west of Charing Cross. Anciently a country village near Chipping Barnet in Middlesex, and from 1889 to 1965 in Hertfordshire, it is now a suburban area, while retaining some of its rural character.
2019 Pan American U20 Athletics Championships
The 2019 Pan American U20 Athletics Championships is the 20th edition of the biennial track and field competition for under-20 athletes from the Americas, organised by the Association of Panamerican Athletics. It is held in San José, Costa Rica, from 19 to 21 July 2019.

Pan American U20 Athletics Championships
The Pan American U20 Athletics Championships are a biennial sports event for track and field organized by the Association of Panamerican Athletics (APA) open for junior (U20) athletes from member and associate member associations. They were first held in 1980. Before the 2017 edition, the event was known as Pan American Junior Athletics Championships.
Primera Air Scandinavia
Primera Air Scandinavia A/S, was a Danish airline owned by Primera Travel Group. It provided scheduled and charter passenger services from Northern Europe to more than 40 destinations in the Mediterranean, Middle East and North America. It ceased operations on 1 October 2018.

The airline was originally founded in Iceland as JetX, before it was acquired by Primera Travel Group and renamed to Primera Air Scandinavia. In 2009/2010, operations were transferred to a newly founded Danish unit and the Icelandic air operator's certificate was subsequently cancelled. The airline also owned Primera Air Nordic, a Latvian subsidiary airline established in 2014.

Billund Airport
Billund Airport (Danish: Billund Lufthavn) (IATA: BLL, ICAO: EKBI) is an international airport in Denmark. Located 1 nautical mile (1.9 km; 1.2 mi) northeast of Billund, it serves as one of the country's busiest air cargo centres, as well as a charter airline destination. It is the 10th busiest airport in the Nordic countries.
Marine Landaise
The Marine Landaise is a French bovine breed with a very small population, benefiting from a conservation program and maintained in humid natural areas along the coast of the Landes de Gascogne, in the Landes and Gironde regions. Its vocation is environmental. It should not be confused with the Spanish Fighting Bull used courses landaises (Landes races).

Bretonne Pie Noir
The Bretonne Pie Noir is a French breed of small dairy cattle from Brittany, in north-western France. It originates from Cornouaille and the Pays de Vannes in the départements of Finistère and Morbihan. Due to its small size, modest requirements, good productivity and ability to exploit poor and marginal terrain, it was well suited to traditional Breton agriculture. A herdbook was established in 1886. The breed was in the past numerous; at the beginning of the twentieth century there were about 500000. Numbers fell drastically during that century, and in 1976, when about 15000 remained, a breed conservation plan was begun, the first such for any breed of cattle.
Machine taper
A machine taper is a system for securing cutting tools, workholders or toolholders in the spindle of a machine tool or power tool. A male member of conical form (that is, with a taper) fits into the female socket, which has a matching taper of equal angle.

Almost all machine tool spindles, and many power tool spindles, have a taper as their primary method of attachment for tools. Even on many drill presses, handheld drills, and lathes, which have chucks (such as a drill chuck or collet chuck), the chuck is attached by a taper. On drills, drill presses, and milling machines, the male member is the tool shank or toolholder shank, and the female socket is integral with the spindle. On lathes, the male may belong to the tool or to the spindle; spindle noses may have male tapers, female tapers, or both.

Deutsches Institut für Normung
Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V. (DIN; in English, the German Institute for Standardisation) is a German non-profit organization and acting as national organization for standardization. DIN is the German ISO member body. DIN is headquartered in Berlin. There are around thirty thousand DIN Standards, covering nearly every field of technology.
Athletics at the 1904 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 metres
The men's 100 metres was a track and field athletics event held as part of the Athletics at the 1904 Summer Olympics programme. 11 athletes from 3 nations participated. The competition was held on September 3, 1904. The event was won by Archie Hahn of the United States, completing his sprint trifecta (having already won the 60 metres and 200 metres) and marking the third straight gold medal in the event by an American. Hahn would later repeat his win in the now-unofficial 1906 Intercalated Games. The United States swept the medals.

Athletics at the 1904 Summer Olympics
At the 1904 Summer Olympics, twenty-five athletics events were contested. A total of 74 medals (25 gold, 25 silver and 24 bronze) were awarded.

Multi-event competitions, the all-around and triathlon, were introduced, along with a 56-pound weight throw, while the short steeplechase was lengthened slightly from 2500 to 2590 metres, the team race was lengthened from 5000 meters to 4 miles (6,437 m), and the long steeplechase was dropped.

In all, the 25 events featured in 1904 were two more than were held in 1900.

A track was built specifically for the Games on the campus of Washington University in St. Louis. The track was a cinder track 1⁄3 mile (536.448m) in length, with one long straightaway.
1956 Vuelta a España, Stage 11 to Stage 17
The 1956 Vuelta a España was the 11th edition of Vuelta a España, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Tour began in Bilbao on 26 April and Stage 10b occurred on 6 May with a stage to Tàrrega. The race finished in Bilbao on 13 May.

1956 Vuelta a España
The 11th Vuelta a España (Tour of Spain), a long-distance bicycle stage race and one of the three grand tours, was held from 26 April to 13 May 1956. It consisted of 17 stages covering a total of 3,531 km (2,194 mi), and was won by Angelo Conterno of the Bianchi cycling team. Rik Van Steenbergen won the points classification and Nino Defilippis won the mountains classification.

The race was run with national teams of France, Spain, Switzerland and Belgium, and an additional four regional Spanish teams. Each fielded 10 cyclists, for a total of 90.
Hoog en Woud Harnasch
Hoog en Woud Harnasch is a former municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland. It was located to the west of the city of Delft.

The municipality existed between 1817 and 1833, when it became part of Hof van Delft.

Hof van Delft
Hof van Delft ("Court of Delft") is a former municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland. It was located to the west of the city of Delft, and covered the villages of Den Hoorn, Abtswoude, and 't Woudt.

The municipality existed from 1817 to 1921, when it became a part of Delft.

Currently, the name "Hof van Delft" is used for a neighbourhood in the northwest of Delft, west of the railway track to The Hague, which is only a small part of the former municipality.
Shikohabad Junction railway station
Shikohabad Junction railway station is on the Kanpur-Delhi section  of Howrah–Delhi main line and Howrah–Gaya–Delhi line.  It is located in Firozabad district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It serves Shikohabad.

Howrah–Gaya–Delhi line
The Howrah–Gaya–Delhi is a railway line connecting Howrah and Delhi cutting across Indo-Gangetic Plain and a comparatively small stretch of the line crossing over the Chota Nagpur Plateau. It covers a distance of 1,451 kilometres (902 mi) across, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and Delhi. The Grand Chord is a part of this line and as such is referred to by many as Howrah–Delhi line (via Grand Chord).