hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
MOPS
MOPS (3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid) is a buffer introduced in the 1960s, one of the twenty Good's buffers. It is a structural analog to MES, and like MES, its structure contains a morpholine ring. HEPES is a similar pH buffering compound that contains a piperazine ring. With a pKa of 7.20, MOPS is an excellent buffer for many biological systems at near-neutral pH.

Good's buffers
Good's buffers (also Good buffers) are twenty buffering agents for biochemical and biological research selected and described by Norman Good and colleagues during 1966–1980. Most of the buffers were new zwitterionic compounds prepared and tested by Good and coworkers for the first time, though some (MES, ADA, BES, Bicine) were known compounds previously overlooked by biologists. Before Good's work, few hydrogen ion buffers between pH 6 and 8 had been accessible to biologists, and very inappropriate, toxic, reactive and inefficient buffers had often been used. Many Good's buffers became and remain crucial tools in modern biological laboratories.
Metap
Metap, also mit'ap and Meetup and Mit'apdzi and big mit'ap
] is a former Kwakwaka'wakw village at the head of Viner Sound on the northwest coast of Gilford Island in the Queen Charlotte Strait region of the Central Coast of British Columbia, Canada.  There is an Indian reserve, Meetup Indian Reserve No. 2, at the location today.

The village and associated fishing area were used by the Kwicksutaineuk and Mamalilikulla divisions of the Kwakwaka'wakw.  During his work allocating lands for native groups, Commissioner Sproat designated the location as a fishing site for the Mamalilikulla in 1879, later designating it Meetup IR No. 2.  The site was originally owned by the Kwicksataineuk.

Queen Charlotte Strait
Queen Charlotte Strait is a strait between Vancouver Island and the mainland of British Columbia, Canada. It connects Queen Charlotte Sound with Johnstone Strait and Discovery Passage and via them to the Strait of Georgia and Puget Sound. It forms part of the Inside Passage from Washington to Alaska.  The term Queen Charlotte Strait is also used to refer to the general region and its many communities, notably of the Kwakwakaʼwakw peoples. Despite its name, Queen Charlotte Strait does not lie between Haida Gwaii (Queen Charlotte Islands) and the mainland; that body of water is named Hecate Strait.
Mudge Passage
Mudge Passage (66°2′S 65°50′W﻿ / ﻿66.033°S 65.833°W﻿ / -66.033; -65.833) is a marine passage running east–west from the vicinity of Prospect Point, Graham Coast, between Beer Island and Dodman Island to the north and Saffery Islands and Trump Islands to the south, to the vicinity of Extension Reef. The passage was navigated and charted by Captain C.R. Elliott in RRS John Biscoe in January 1979. Named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) in association with Harrison Passage and Maskelyne Passage to the northeast, after Thomas Mudge (1715–94), English horologist who made substantial improvements to marine chronometers.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Mudge Passage". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Dodman Island
Dodman Island is an island in the Biscoe Islands, 6.5 km (4.0 mi) long, lying 7.4 km (4.6 mi) south-east of Rabot Island and 18.5 km (11.5 mi) west of Ferin Head, off the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. The island was charted and named by the British Graham Land Expedition, 1934–37, under John Rymill.
Sardauna Memorial Stadium
The Sardauna Memorial Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Gusau, Zamfara State, Nigeria. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of Zamfara United F.C. of the Nigerian Premier League. The stadium has a capacity of 5,000 people.

When Katsina United F.C. were re-established in 2009, they played the first half of their first season at the Sardauna Stadium before moving to the new Muhammadu Dikko Stadium in Katsina.

Muhammadu Dikko Stadium
12°58′37″N 7°38′17″E﻿ / ﻿12.97694°N 7.63806°E﻿ / 12.97694; 7.63806

Muhammadu Dikko Stadium is an all-seater association football and athletics stadium in Katsina, Katsina State, Nigeria. The stadium is owned and maintained by the Katsina State Government. Construction started in the early 1990s, during the military Governorship of John Madaki, but was later abandoned. The project was resurrected and completed by Governor Ibrahim Shehu Shema, and was opened in 2013 as Karkanda Stadium. In 2016, it was renamed after Katsina's 20th-century Emir Muhammadu Dikko.

El-Kanemi Warriors F.C of Maiduguri played their home games at the stadium in 2015 and 2016 while the Boko Haram insurgency raged. It is currently home to the Katsina State-owned football club Katsina United.

A gymnasium and fitness club are also located within the stadium.
Hubei University of Arts and Science
The Hubei University of Arts and Science (湖北文理学院; lit. 'Hubei Letters and Science College') is a provincial public undergraduate college in Xiangyang, Hubei, China. It is affiliated with the Province of Hubei and sponsored by the Hubei Provincial People's Government. Despite the English name, the college has not been granted university status by the Ministry of Education of China.

The school's predecessor, Xiangfan College (襄樊学院), was established in 1998 by the merger of the Xiangyang Normal Senior Vocational School (襄阳师范高等专科学校), the Xiangfan Vocational University (襄樊职业大学), and the Xiangfan Education College (襄樊教育学院). In 2000, the Hubei Provincial Arts and Crafts School (湖北省工艺美术学校) was integrated into the school. In 2012, the school was renamed Hubei Letters and Science College.

Xiangyang
Xiangyang is the second-largest prefecture-level city by population in northwestern Hubei province, China. It was known as Xiangfan from 1950 to 2010. The Han River runs through Xiangyang's centre and divides the city north–south. The city itself is an agglomeration of two once separate cities: Fancheng and Xiangyang (or Xiangcheng), and was known as Xiangfan before 2010. What remains of old Xiangyang is located south of the Han River and contains one of the oldest still-intact city walls in China, while Fancheng is located to the north of the Han River. Both cities served prominent historical roles in both ancient and pre-modern Chinese history. Today, the city has been a target of government and private investment as the country seeks to urbanize and develop the interior provinces. Its built-up area made up of 3 urban districts had 2,319,640 inhabitants at the 2020 census while the whole municipality contained approximately 5,260,951 people.
2025 Bangladesh anti-Hindu violence
Several incidents of violence and human rights violations against the Hindu community were reported in Bangladesh at various times during 2025, which include vandalism of temples and idols, arson, looting of Hindu homes and businesses, murder, rape, harassment, and land grabbing.

Mymensingh District
Mymensingh District (Bengali: ময়মনসিংহ জেলা) is a district in Mymensingh Division Bangladesh, and is bordered in the north by Meghalaya, India and the Garo Hills, in the south by Gazipur District, in the east by the districts of Netrokona and Kishoreganj and in the west by the districts of Sherpur, Jamalpur and Tangail. Mymensingh is the 8th administrative divisional headquarters and 12th city corporation of Bangladesh. According to Ministry of Public Administration, Mymensingh is ranked 4th in district status. The density of Mymensingh city is 44,458/km2 (115,150/sq mi) which is the second most densely populated city in Bangladesh. Mymensingh attracts 25 percent of health tourists visiting Bangladesh. It was once known as the largest district of the Indian subcontinent. Mymensingh town is the district headquarters.
Otavi Mining and Railway Company
The Otavi Mining and Railway Company (Otavi Minen- und Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft or OMEG) was a railway and mining company in German South West Africa (today's Namibia). It was founded on 6 April 1900 in Berlin with the Disconto-Gesellschaft and the South West Africa Company as major shareholders.

German South West Africa
German South West Africa (German: Deutsch-Südwestafrika) was a colony of the German Empire from 1884 until 1915, when it was captured by the Western Allies during World War I. However, Germany did not officially recognise its loss of this territory until the 1919 Treaty of Versailles.

German rule over this territory was punctuated by numerous rebellions by its native African peoples, which culminated in a campaign of German reprisals from 1904 to 1908 known as the Herero and Nama genocide.

In 1915, during World War I, German South West Africa was invaded by the Allies in the form of South African and British forces. After the war, its administration was taken over by the Union of South Africa (a dominion within the British Empire) and the territory was administered as South West Africa under a League of Nations mandate. It became independent as Namibia on 21 March 1990.
Idyllwild International Festival of Cinema
The Idyllwild International Festival of Cinema (IIFC) is an independent film festival held since 2009 in Idyllwild, California. The festival is run by its founder, director Stephen Savage.

The tenth annual IIFC was held March 5 through 10, 2019.

As of 2019, the Grand Jury was composed of Wolfgang Bodison, Irene Bedard, Kristoff St. John, Conor O'Farrell, Juan Ruiz Anchia, Erika Christensen, Anne Archer and Peter Szebadi.

IIFC's schedule overlaps with the much larger Palm Springs International Film Festival in Palm Springs. Savage has said scheduling the festival in January helps the local economy during the slow season.

The festival was the inspiration for the Glendale International Film Festival, which started in 2014.

Palm Springs International Film Festival
Palm Springs International Film Festival (sometimes stylized shortly as PSIFF) is a film festival held in Palm Springs, California, considered the largest film festival for world cinema in the United States. Originally promoted by Mayor Sonny Bono and then sponsored by Nortel,: 198  it started in 1989 and is held annually in January. It is run by the Palm Springs International Film Society, which also runs the Palm Springs International Festival of Short Films (ShortFest), a festival of short films and film market in June.

Though the festival does feature American independent films, the focus from its inception was to shine a spotlight on international cinema.

The festival was cancelled in both 2021 and 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic in California. It was held from January 6 to January 16 in 2023. The 34th edition screened 134 films from 64 countries including 27 premieres. Film Awards ceremony on January 5 at the Palm Springs Convention Center started the celebrations.
Period 5 element
A period 5 element is one of the chemical elements in the fifth row (or period) of the periodic table of the chemical elements. The periodic table is laid out in rows to illustrate recurring (periodic) trends in the chemical behaviour of the elements as their atomic number increases: a new row is begun when chemical behaviour begins to repeat, meaning that elements with similar behaviour fall into the same vertical columns. The fifth period contains 18 elements, beginning with rubidium and ending with xenon. As a rule, period 5 elements fill their 5s shells first, then their 4d, and 5p shells, in that order; however, there are exceptions, such as rhodium.

Stable nuclide
Stable nuclides are isotopes of a chemical element whose nucleons are in a configuration that does not permit them the surplus energy required to produce a radioactive emission. The nuclei of such isotopes are not radioactive and unlike radionuclides do not spontaneously undergo radioactive decay. When these nuclides are referred to in relation to specific elements they are usually called that element's stable isotopes.

The 80 elements with one or more stable isotopes comprise a total of 251 nuclides that have not been shown to decay using current equipment. Of these 80 elements, 26 have only one stable isotope and are called monoisotopic. The other 56 have more than one stable isotope. Tin has ten stable isotopes, the largest number of any element.
Medy Renaldy
Medy Renaldy ( (1996-12-31) 31 December 1996) is an Indonesian content creator, illustrator, and entrepreneur. He is widely known for his review content on toys, particularly action figures and rare collectible items, on the YouTube and TikTok platforms. In addition to his digital career, Medy is also known as the 2nd Runner-up for Abang Jakarta Timur (East Jakarta Young Ambassador) in the 2018 Abang None Jakarta competition.

Deddy Corbuzier
Deodatus Andreas Deddy Cahyadi Sunjoyo, (born 28 December 1976) commonly known as Deddy Corbuzier, is an Indonesian television presenter, actor, YouTuber,  and former mentalist. He is a recipient of the Merlin Award for "World's Best Mentalist" twice in a row. Deddy made his debut on television in 1998 with Impresario 008 on RCTI. He did many publicity stunts with many famous magicians. As an actor, Deddy starred in The Mentalist (2011). Deddy also wrote, directed, and starred in the action film Triangle The Dark Side (2016)

Deddy is also known as a YouTuber. Since resigning from the magician world, Deddy now publishes videos of his podcast titled Close the Door on his YouTube channel. As of November 2021, his YouTube channel has over 16 million subscribers and his videos have over 2.31 billion views.
Sun Xiang
Sun Xiang (Chinese: 孙祥; pinyin: Sūn Xiáng; Mandarin pronunciation: [swə́n ɕjǎŋ]; born 15 January 1982) is a Chinese former professional footballer who played as a left-back. He played for Shanghai Shenhua, Guangzhou Evergrande, Shanghai SIPG in his native country and spent time on loan at Dutch club PSV Eindhoven and Austrian club Austria Wien, he is the first Chinese player to play in the UEFA Champions League. At international level, he made 69 appearances for the China national team scoring 5 goals.

Chinese FA Super Cup
The Chinese FA Super Cup (Chinese: 中国足协超级杯; pinyin: Zhōngguó Zúxié Chāojíbēi), formerly named Chinese Football Super Cup (Chinese: 中国足球超霸杯; pinyin: Zhōngguó Zúqíu Chāobàbēi), is a Chinese football super cup competition that takes place every year before the start of the new season. It is contested between the champions of the previous Chinese Super League season and the holders of the Chinese FA Cup. If the Super League champions also won the FA Cup, then the league runners-up provide the opposition. Established in 1995, it was not held between 2004 and 2011.

The most successful club is Shanghai Shenhua with five titles.
Kampala–Gulu Highway
The Kampala–Gulu Highway, also Kampala–Gulu Road, is a road connecting Uganda's capital city of Kampala, in the Central Region, with the city of Gulu, the largest urban centre in the country's Northern Region.

Gulu
Gulu is a city in the Northern Region of Uganda and is the commercial and administrative centre of Gulu District.

The coordinates of the city of Gulu are 2°46'54.0"N 32°17'57.0"E. The city id Kampala is 333 kilometres (207 mi) from Kampala by road. Gulu is served by Gulu Airport.
The Scorpion King 2: Rise of a Warrior
The Scorpion King 2: Rise of a Warrior is a 2008 American-German-South African direct-to-DVD sword and sorcery action adventure film prequel to the 2002 film The Scorpion King, itself a prequel to the 1999 reimagining of The Mummy. Filming for the film began on October 1, 2007, in Cape Town, South Africa. The film had a scheduled release date of August 19, 2008, in the United States, and was released on Blu-ray Disc and DVD.

Astarte
Astarte (/əˈstɑːrtiː/; Ancient Greek: Ἀστάρτη, romanized: Astártē) is the Hellenized form of the Ancient Near Eastern goddess ʿAṯtart. ʿAṯtart was the Northwest Semitic equivalent of the East Semitic goddess Ishtar.

Astarte was worshipped from the Bronze Age through classical antiquity, and her name is particularly associated with her worship in the ancient Levant among the Canaanites and Phoenicians, though she was originally associated with Amorite cities like Ugarit and Emar, as well as Mari and Ebla. She was also celebrated in Egypt, especially during the reign of the Ramessides, following the importation of foreign cults there. Phoenicians introduced her cult in their colonies on the Iberian Peninsula.
Judo at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's 66 kg
The men's 66 kg competition in judo at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro was held on 7 August at the Carioca Arena 2.

The gold and silver medals were determined by a single-elimination tournament, with the winner of the final taking gold and the loser receiving silver.  Judo events awarded two bronze medals.  Quarterfinal losers competed in a repechage match for the right to face a semifinal loser for a bronze medal (that is, the judokas defeated in quarterfinals A and B competed against each other, with the winner of that match facing the semifinal loser from the other half of the bracket).

The medals for the competition were presented by Beatrice Allen, a Gambian member of the International Olympic Committee, and the gifts were presented by Yasuhiro Yamashita, International Judo Federation executive committee member.

Judo at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Judo at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro took place from 6 to 12 August at the Carioca Arena 2 inside the Barra Olympic Park in Barra da Tijuca. Around 386 judoka competed in 14 events (seven each for both men and women).
Piano-Rag-Music (Martins)
Piano–Rag–Music is a ballet made by New York City Ballet balletmaster in chief Peter Martins to Stravinsky's eponymous music from 1919. The premiere took place on June 10, 1982, as part of City Ballets's Stravinsky Centennial Celebration at the New York State Theater, Lincoln Center.

Peter Martins
Peter Martins (born 27 October 1946) is a Danish former ballet dancer and choreographer. Martins was a principal dancer with the Royal Danish Ballet and with the New York City Ballet, where he joined George Balanchine, Jerome Robbins, and John Taras as balletmaster in 1981. He retired from dancing in 1983, having achieved the rank of danseur noble, becoming Co-Ballet Master-In-Chief with Robbins. From 1990 until January 2018, he was responsible for artistic leadership of City Ballet.
T-top
A T-top (UK: T-bar) is an automobile roof with a removable panel on each side of a rigid bar running from the center of one structural bar between pillars to the center of the next structural bar. The panels of a traditional T-top are usually made of auto grade safety glass (tempered or laminated), or acrylic – but they can also be black or body-colored and made of other (often light-weight) materials.

The removable panel roof was patented by Gordon Buehrig on June 5, 1951.   It was first used in a 1948 prototype by The American Sportscar Company or “Tasco.”

The 1968 Chevrolet Corvette coupe was the first  U.S.-built production automobile to feature a T-top roof.  This increased the popularity of the coupe, such that it outsold the convertible and later led to the discontinuation of the Corvette convertible after 1975 until it was revived in 1986. Post-C3 models were built with a targa top instead of a T-top.

Pillar (car)
The pillars on a car with permanent roof body style (such as four-door sedans) are the vertical or nearly vertical supports of its window area or greenhouse—designated respectively as the A, B, C and (in larger cars such as 4-door station wagons and sport utility vehicles) D-pillar, moving from front to rear, in profile view.
RE245
RE245, or RE-245, is a non-hallucinogenic psychoplastogen which is under development for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. It is taken orally. The drug acts as a serotonin receptor modulator, including of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor, and is said to have psychoplastogenic effects. It is being developed by Reunion Neuroscience. As of August 2025, RE245 is in the preclinical research stage of development. An Investigational New Drug (IND) application to allow for phase 1 clinical trials is planned to be submitted in 2026, with these studies expected to start in 2027. The chemical structure of RE245 does not yet appear to have been disclosed.

Psychoplastogen
Psychoplastogens, also known as neuroplastogens, are a group of small molecule drugs that produce rapid and sustained effects on neuronal structure and function, intended to manifest therapeutic benefit after a single administration.

Several existing psychoplastogens have been identified and their therapeutic effects demonstrated; several are presently at various stages of development as medications including ketamine, MDMA, scopolamine, and the serotonergic psychedelics, including LSD, psilocin (the active metabolite of psilocybin), DMT, and 5-MeO-DMT.

Compounds of this sort are being explored as therapeutics for a variety of brain disorders including depression, addiction, and PTSD. The ability to rapidly promote neuronal changes via mechanisms of neuroplasticity was recently discovered as the common therapeutic activity and mechanism of action.
Meribah, South Australia
Meribah is a small settlement in the Brown's Well district of the Murray Mallee region of South Australia. It is 10 kilometres (6 miles) from the border with Victoria, 62 kilometres (39 miles) north of Pinnaroo, and 37 kilometres (23 miles) south-east of Loxton.

The township was a short-lived terminus of the Barmera railway line in 1913 until construction extended to Paringa later in the year.

The town was proclaimed on 26 November 1914; it was named after a nearby bore styled Meribah, the biblical place where Moses "struck the rock and water gushed forth".

The post office opened in March 1916 and closed in June 1985.

Pinnaroo, South Australia
Pinnaroo is a town in the Murray Mallee region of South Australia, near the border with Victoria, 243 km east of Adelaide. Pinnaroo is on the north side of the Mallee Highway, and on the railway line between Tailem Bend and Ouyen. The roadhouse on the highway at Pinnaroo is the first "food and leg-stretch" stop on the bus route from Adelaide to Sydney.
Back to the Bricks
Back to the Bricks is a car show held annually in Genesee County, Michigan.

The five-day event is structured with the first day having a Kick off party and "Brick Flick" automotive movie seen at the US 23 Drive-in Theatre, at least two days of Rolling Cruise, a Friday night car show & Cruise N Concert and wrapping it up on Saturday with a HUGE car show in downtown Flint. Additional, there is a Automotive Pioneers Statue plaza located in Downtown Flint.

Back to the Bricks has expanded beyond the events in downtown Flint and Saginaw Street to add other supplementary events: two Satellite cruises, a Promo Tour and the county Tune Ups. Back to the Bricks is a part of Autopalooza August and one of the Flint Parade of Festivals. The event has also inspired the names for other events in the City of Flint like Fish On The Bricks (since 2004), Bikes on the Bricks (since 2007), and Tractors on the Bricks (2017).

Mount Pleasant, Michigan
Mount Pleasant is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. The city is the county seat of Isabella County, which is part of Central Michigan. The population of Mount Pleasant was 21,688 as of the 2020 census. The city is surrounded by Union Charter Township, but is politically independent.

Part of the city (with a population of 8,741) is located within the Isabella Indian Reservation, the base of the federally recognized Saginaw Chippewa Tribal Nation. The tribe's Soaring Eagle Casino & Resort in nearby Chippewa Township is also within the reservation boundaries.

Mount Pleasant is home to the main campuses of Central Michigan University, one of the largest universities in the state with 20,000 students at Mount Pleasant, and Mid Michigan Community College. The student population nearly doubles the population of the city during the academic year, making it a college town. Despite its name, the surrounding area is mostly flat and does not feature any mountains or hills.