hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tell Abyad offensive
The Tell Abyad offensive or Martyr Rubar Qamışlo operation was a military operation that began in late May 2015 in the northern Raqqa Governorate, during the Syrian Civil War. It was conducted by the Kurdish-majority People's Protection Units (YPG) and the Free Syrian Army (FSA) against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. The offensive took place from the end of May until July 2015. The campaign was the second phase of the Kurdish Operation Commander Rûbar Qamishlo, which began with the Al-Hasakah offensive (May 2015), and involved the merger of the Kobanî offensive with the former. The focus of the campaign was to capture the key border town of Tell Abyad, and to link the Kobanî and Jazira Cantons in Northern Syria.

Aleppo Governorate
Aleppo Governorate (Arabic: محافظة حلب, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat Ḥalab, [muˈħaːfaðˤat ˈħalab]; Kurmanji Kurdish: Parêzgeha Helebê) is one of the fourteen governorates of Syria. It is the most populous governorate in Syria with a population of more than 4,867,000 (2011 Est.), almost 23% of the total population of Syria. The governorate is the fifth in area with an area of 18,482 km2 (7,136 sq mi), or 18,498 square kilometres (7,142 sq mi)2, about 10% of the total area of Syria. The capital is the city of Aleppo.
Yunus Carrim
Yunus Carrim is a South African politician who served as the Minister of Communications from 2013–2014. Carrim is a self-proclaimed Marxist and serves on the South African Communist Party Central Committee and is a Politburo member.

Currently, Honorable Carrim is also a board member of The Parliamentary Network on the World Bank & International Monetary Fund.

Minister of Communications and Digital Technologies
The minister of communications and digital technologies (formerly minister of communications, minister of posts, telecommunications and broadcasting and minister of posts and yelecommunications) is a minister in the Government of South Africa, responsible for overseeing the Department of Communications and Digital Technologies.

In May 2014 President Jacob Zuma split the ministry by establishing the position of minister of telecommunications and postal services alongside the minister of communications. However, in a cabinet reshuffle in November 2018, President Cyril Ramaphosa announced the reversal of the split, absorbing the telecommunications and postal services functions back into the Ministry of Communications. The respective departments did not merge until after the 2019 general election. After the election Ramaphosa renamed the office as the minister of communications and digital technologies.
Sacramento Pride
Sacramento Pride is an American women's soccer team, founded in 2001. The team is a member of the Women's Premier Soccer League, the third tier of women's soccer in the United States and Canada. The team plays in the North Division of the Pacific Conference. The Pride plays with the California Storm, San Francisco Nighthawks, Walnut Creek Power, Seattle Synergy, Portland Rain FC and the Monterey Blues, also in their division.

There team consists of college and high school students, playing at either Division I or Division II. Its founder, Danny Cruz, describes the team as a semi-professional team in a professional league, as the players are not paid, and the team is not fully financed.

The team plays its home games in the stadium on the campus of Oakmont High School in the city of Roseville, California, 20 miles (32 km) northeast of downtown Sacramento. The team's colors are yellow and royal blue.

The team was formerly known as Elk Grove Pride and Elk Grove United.

Roseville, California
Roseville is the most populous city in Placer County, California, located within the Sacramento metropolitan area. At the 2020 census, the city's population was 147,773, making it the third-largest city in the Sacramento area. Interstate 80 runs through Roseville and State Route 65 runs through part of the northern edge of the city.

Historically associated with the railroad, the city underwent significant urban renewal in the 1980s and 1990s. Today it has become a major commercial hub, attracting regular shoppers and visitors from a large swath of rural southeastern Sacramento Valley and the Sierra Nevada foothills. In recent years, it has seen significant population growth and new single-family home developments, becoming a "boomburb" or edge city of Sacramento.
Radiophysical Research Institute
The Radiophysical Research Institute (NIRFI), based in Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, is a research institute that conducts basic and applied research in the field of radiophysics, radio astronomy, cosmology and radio engineering. It is also known for its work in solar physics, sun-earth physics as well as the related geophysics. It also does outreach for the Russian education system. It was formed in 1956 as the Radiophysical Research Institute of the (Soviet) Ministry of Education and Science.

Solar physics
Solar physics is the branch of astrophysics that specializes in the study of the Sun. It intersects with many disciplines of pure physics and astrophysics.

Because the Sun is uniquely situated for close-range observing (other stars cannot be resolved with anything like the spatial or temporal resolution that the Sun can), there is a split between the related discipline of observational astrophysics (of distant stars) and observational solar physics.

The study of solar physics is also important as it provides a "physical laboratory" for the study of plasma physics.
Armenian–Tatar massacres of 1905–1906
The Armenian–Tatar massacres (also known as the Armenian–Tatar war, the Armenian–Muslim war, Armenian–Azerbaijani war) was the bloody inter-ethnic confrontation between Armenians and Caucasian Tatars, later known as Azerbaijanis throughout the Russian Caucasus in 1905–1906. The massacres started during the Russian Revolution of 1905. The most violent clashes occurred in 1905 in February in Baku, in May in Nakhchivan, in August in Shusha and in November in Elizabethpol, heavily damaging the cities and the Baku oilfields. Some violence, although of lesser scale, broke out also in Tiflis.

The violence led to a sense of distrust and animosity that persisted for many years. This tension largely resulted from the larger political and social issues of the time, rather than any inherent conflict between the Armenian and Tatar peoples.

Caucasus Viceroyalty (1801–1917)
The Caucasus Viceroyalty was a special administrative unit of the Russian Empire located in the Caucasus region, existing from 1801 to 1917 under the governance of various administrative offices. It included the present-day countries of Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia, as well as the Russian republics of Adygea, Chechnya,  Dagestan, Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay-Cherkessia and North Ossetia–Alania and portions of Southern Russia and Turkey.

Russia conquered the Caucasus in the early 19th century, beginning with the annexation of the Georgian Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti and continuing with the Caucasian War and a series of conflicts against the Ottoman and Persian empires.
Canuleia gens
The gens Canuleia was a minor plebeian family at ancient Rome.  Although members of this gens are known throughout the period of the Republic, and were of senatorial rank, none of them ever obtained the consulship.  However, the Canuleii furnished the Republic with several tribunes of the plebs.

Gens
In ancient Rome, a gens (/ɡɛns/ or /dʒɛnz/, Latin: [gẽːs]; pl.: gentes [ˈgɛnteːs]) was a family consisting of individuals who shared the same nomen gentilicium and who claimed descent from a common ancestor. A branch of a gens, sometimes identified by a distinct cognomen, was called a stirps (pl.: stirpes). The gens was an important social structure at Rome and throughout Italia during the period of the Roman Republic. Much of individuals' social standing depended on the gens to which they belonged. Certain gentes were classified as patrician, others as plebeian; some had both patrician and plebeian branches. The importance of the gens as a social structure declined considerably in imperial times, although the gentilicium continued to define the origins and dynasties of the ancient Romans, including the emperors.
2022 Iowa State Treasurer election
The 2022 Iowa State Treasurer election was held on November 8, 2022, to elect the Treasurer of Iowa, concurrently with an election to the U.S. Senate, governor, U.S. House of Representatives, and other state and local elections. Primary elections were held on June 7, 2022, though both major party candidates only received token write-in opposition. A debate was held on October 7, 2022.

Incumbent Democratic treasurer Michael Fitzgerald ran for re-election to an eleventh term in office, but was defeated by Republican state senator Roby Smith. Fitzgerald was one of two statewide elected Democrats to lose re-election in 2022, along with Attorney General Tom Miller.

2022 United States House of Representatives elections in Iowa
The 2022 United States House of Representatives elections in Iowa were held on November 8, 2022, to elect the four U.S. representatives from the State of Iowa, one from each of the state's four congressional districts. The elections coincided with the other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate and various state and local elections. These were the first congressional elections held in Iowa after the 2020 redistricting cycle.

Republicans won all four House seats, making this the first time since 1994 that Democrats had been completely shut out of Iowa's House delegation. This also marks the first time since 1956 that there are no Democrats in Iowa's Congressional delegation.
2007 V8 Supercars Eastern Creek round
The 2007 Eastern Creek round of the V8 Supercar Championship was the fifth round of the Australian 2007 V8 Supercar Championship Series. It took place on the weekend of the 9 to 11 June at Eastern Creek Raceway in New South Wales.

2007 V8 Supercar Championship Series
The 2007 V8 Supercar season featured the ninth V8 Supercar Championship Series which began on 1 March and concluded on 2 December. This championship consisted of 14 rounds covering all states and the Northern Territory of Australia as well as rounds in New Zealand and Bahrain. The series also carried the Australian Touring Car Championship title, which was awarded by CAMS for the 48th time in 2007.

The 2007 season was significant in that two new cars were being used by the teams. The Holden VE Commodore was a completely new car and the Ford BF Falcon consisted of several changes from the previous model. These cars debuted at the first round of the season at the Clipsal 500.

This season was also significant in that Seven Network broadcast the series for the first time since 1996, after Channel Ten and Fox Sports had rights to the series for the past ten years, and then revived in 2015.
Jean-Jacques Dussumier
Jean-Jacques Dussumier (1792–1883) was a French voyager and merchant from Bordeaux. He is known as a collector of zoological species from southern Asia and regions around the Indian Ocean between 1816 and 1840. These collections were later studied and classified by French zoologists such as Georges Cuvier, Achille Valenciennes, among others.

Gabriel Bibron
Gabriel Bibron (20 October 1805 – 27 March 1848) was a French zoologist and herpetologist. He was born in Paris. The son of an employee of the Museum national d'histoire naturelle, he had a good foundation in natural history and was hired to collect vertebrates in Italy and Sicily. Under the direction of Jean Baptiste Bory de Saint-Vincent (1778–1846), he took part in the Morea expedition to Peloponnese.

He classified numerous reptile species with André Marie Constant Duméril (1774–1860), whom he had met in 1832. Duméril was interested mainly in the relations between genera, and he left to Bibron the task of describing the species. Working together they produced the Erpétologie Générale, a comprehensive account of the reptiles, published in ten volumes from 1834 to 1854. Also, Bibron assisted Duméril with teaching duties at the museum and was an instructor at a primary school in Paris.

Bibron contracted tuberculosis and retired in 1845 to Saint-Alban-les-Eaux, where he died aged 42.
Salmea
Salmea is a genus of plants in the tribe Heliantheae within the family Asteraceae.

Species

Salmea caleoides Griseb. - Cuba

Salmea eupatoria DC. - Bolivia

Salmea glaberrima C.Wright ex Griseb. - Cuba

Salmea insipida (Jacq.) Bolick & R.K.Jansen - Cuba

Salmea oligocephala Hemsl. - Oaxaca, Chiapas, México State, Michoacán

Salmea orthocephala Standl. & Steyerm. - Guatemala, Honduras, Chiapas

Salmea palmeri S.Watson - Guerrero, Jalisco, Michoacán

Salmea petrobioides Griseb. - Bahamas

Salmea scandens (L.) DC. - widespread in Mesoamerica, West Indies, + South America

Salmea umbratilis B.L.Rob. - Cuba

formerly included

several species now placed in other genera:  Oblivia Otopappus Trichospira

Oblivia
Oblivia is a genus of flowering plant in the tribe Heliantheae within the family Asteraceae.

Species

Oblivia ceronii H.Rob. - Perú, Ecuador

Oblivia mikanioides (Britt.) Strother - Bolivia, Perú, Ecuador, Colombia, Panamá, Venezuela

Oblivia simplex (V.M.Badillo) H.Rob. - Venezuela
Poneracantha triangularis
Poneracantha triangularis is a Neotropical species of ant in the subfamily Ectatomminae. Native to the forests of South and Central America, P. triangularis is a predatory ant that feeds on millipedes. In its native range, this species is known from Buenos Aires, Argentina in the south to Costa Rica in the north, with records from eight countries in South America, and two countries of Central America. The first records of P. triangularis outside its native range came from Florida beginning in 1985 and Alabama in 1996.

Based on its South American range, it appears that P. triangularis has the potential to spread to forests throughout much of the southeastern United States. There are no documented impacts of P. triangularis, and it seems unlikely that this species will ever become a major pest.

Ectatomminae
Ectatomminae is a subfamily of ants containing four extant and three extinct genera in two tribes. The subfamily was described in 2003 when Barry Bolton divided the Ponerinae subfamily into six subfamilies. Heteroponerinae used to be an independent subfamily, but was merged into Ectatomminae in 2022. The taxonomical position of Ectatomminae was further upheld in a genomic reanalysis conducted with alternate methods in 2024.
Mendoncia velloziana
Mendoncia velloziana is a species of flowering plant in the family Acanthaceae. It is a liana native to tropical South America, ranging from Colombia and Peru through northern, eastern, and southern Brazil to Paraguay.

native to Atlantic Coast restingas vegetation which is an ecosystem of Atlantic Forest biome. In addition, this plant grows  either in Cerrado vegetation of Brazil. This plant grows in following states of Brazil: Bahia, Ceará Minas Gerais Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná and Santa Catarina, and it is usually visited by the hummingbirds.

Atlantic Coast restingas
The Atlantic Coast restingas is an ecoregion of the tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests biome, and the South American Atlantic Forest biome. It is located along Brazil's Atlantic coast, from the country's northeast to its southeast.

Restingas are coastal forests which form on sandy, acidic, and nutrient-poor soils, and are characterized by medium-sized trees and shrubs adapted to the dry and nutrient-poor conditions found there.
2015–16 Papua New Guinea National Soccer League
The 2015–16 Papua New Guinea National Soccer League season, known as the Telikom NSL Cup for sponsorship reasons, was the tenth edition of the Papua New Guinea National Soccer League.

The title was won by Lae City Dwellers, who picked up their second title after defeating eight-time champions Hekari United 2–0 in the final. Both the Golden Boot and the Player of the Season awards were won by Koriak Upaiga of Hekari United.

It would be the final season before the league split, which saw several teams split from the Papua New Guinea Football Association to form their own league, the National Premier League. Domestic soccer would remain split until the 2019 season.

2019 Papua New Guinea National Soccer League
The 2019 Papua New Guinea National Soccer League, known for sponsorship reasons as the Kumul Petroleum Holdings Limited National Soccer League, was the 13th edition of Papua New Guinea National Soccer League, the top-tier football league in Papua New Guinea. It started on 26 January 2019. Toti City F.C. were the defending champions.

The title was won by Toti City, who picked up their fifth title after defeating eight-time champions Hekari United in the final on penalties.
National Association of Underwater Instructors
The National Association of Underwater Instructors (NAUI Worldwide) is a nonprofit association of scuba instructors founded in 1960 by Albert Tillman and Neal Hess.

NAUI primarily serves as a recreational dive certification and membership organization,  providing international diver standards and education programs.  NAUI is headquartered in  Riverview, Florida near Tampa with dive and member instructors, resorts, stores, service and training centers located around the world.

United States Navy SEALs
The United States Navy Sea, Air, and Land (SEAL) Teams, commonly known as Navy SEALs, are the United States Navy's primary special operations force and a component of the United States Naval Special Warfare Command. Among the SEAL's main functions are conducting small-unit special operation missions in maritime, jungle, urban, arctic, mountainous, and desert environments. SEALs are typically ordered to capture or kill high-level targets, or to gather intelligence behind enemy lines.

SEAL team personnel are hand-selected, highly trained, and highly proficient in unconventional warfare (UW), direct action (DA), and special reconnaissance (SR), among other tasks like sabotage, demolition, intelligence gathering, and hydrographic reconnaissance, training, and advising friendly militaries or other forces. All active SEALs are members of the U.S. Navy.
Dhahab River
Dhahab River or Dhahab Valley (Arabic: نهر الذهب or وادي الذهب Gold River or Gold Valley), also in medieval times known as Wadi Butnan (Arabic: وادي بطنان, romanized: Wadī Buṭnān) or Butnan Habib, is an intermittent river and valley in northern Syria. The principal towns in the valley are al-Bab, Bizaah and Tadef.

The river is located on the Aleppo plateau in the eastern part of Aleppo Governorate, 30 km east of Aleppo. It drains the heights north of al-Bab and runs from north to south for about 50 km before terminating at Sabkhat al-Jabbul.

Sabkhat al-Jabbul
Sabkhat al-Jabbūl or Mamlahat al-Jabbūl or Lake Jabbūl (Arabic: سبخة الجبول) is a large, traditionally seasonal, saline lake and concurrent salt flats  (sabkha) 30 km southeast of Aleppo, Syria, in the Bāb District of Aleppo Governorate. It is the largest natural lake in Syria and the second largest lake after the artificial Lake Assad. In 2009, the lake covered about 100 km2 (39 sq mi) and was relatively stable. The salt flats are extensive. The area includes the Sabkhat al-Jabbul Nature Reserve, a protected waterfowl site.

Today the Sabkhat al-Jabbul exists within a closed basin, but during the Pleistocene the basin filled,  overflowed and formed a tributary of the Euphrates. The lake traditionally flooded in the spring, shrinking back during the summer and autumn. However, starting in 1988, irrigation projects on adjacent lands started discharging significant amounts of partially saline water into the basin, stabilizing the water table and creating a lake of 100 km2 (39 sq mi).
Dutch Reformed Church, Sutherland
The Dutch Reformed Church in Sutherland is a congregation in the Dutch Reformed Church's Synod of the Western Cape, although the town on which it is based, Sutherland, has been in the Northern Cape province since 1994. It was separated from Worcester in 1855 as the 65th congregation in the Dutch Reformed Church. In the same year, the congregations Jansenville, Ceres, Murraysburg, Aberdeen, Heidelberg, Western Cape, and Fish Hoek were also founded. Sutherland's founding of between those of Murraysburg and Aberdeen. Until 2015, Sutherland was part of the Presbytery of Calvinia, but after this presbytery ceased to exist, Sutherland joined the Presbytery of Worcester while the other four (Calvinia, Calvinia-Hantam, Nieuwoudtville and Loeriesfontein) became part of the Presbytery of Clanwilliam.

Dutch Reformed Church, Jansenville
The Dutch Reformed Church in Jansenville was the first of a total of seven congregations of the Dutch Reformed Church that was founded in 1855 and is therefore the 61st oldest congregation in the entire Church and the 13th oldest congregation in the Synod of Eastern Cape. The NG municipality Middelburg, Cape, merged with its daughter municipality Middelburg-Uitsig as Middelburg-Karoo in 2010 and that year has since been indicated as its founding date, because Jansenville moved up one place.

The Murraysburg Reformed Church and the Dutch Reformed Church in Aberdeen, also both in the Presbytery of Graaff-Reinet, were also founded in the year 1855. The other four congregations are all in the current Synod of Western and Southern Cape, namely Ceres, Sutherland, Heidelberg, Western Cape and Simonstad, which would later be known as Vishoek.
Centre for Wildlife Gardening
The Centre for Wildlife Gardening is a 0.22-hectare (0.54-acre) nature reserve and educational facility in Peckham in the London Borough of Southwark. It is owned by Southwark Council and managed by the London Wildlife Trust. It is a Site of Borough Importance for Nature Conservation, Grade I.

Formerly a council depot for the parking of utility vehicles, the centre was organized in 1989 by the London Wildlife Trust. It comprises a wildlife garden with a range of habitats, a nursery for wild flowers and raised beds for community use. It hosts other habitats such as a chalk bank with wild flowers, meadows, a woodland copse, a bog garden, a roof garden, and two ponds with frogs, newts and dragonflies. It has been popular with those interested in native species, with local residents and with students. It hosts educational and entertainment events for adults and children. The centre has received multiple awards.

In 2010, it began operating the Bellenden Road Nature Garden.

Bellenden Road Nature Garden
Bellenden Road Nature Garden is a very small nature reserve in Peckham in the London Borough of Southwark. It opened in August 2010.

The site was established to promote sustainable gardening and nature study for local schools and community groups. It contains a stag beetle loggery, wildflower borders, and a native hedgerow. Wildlife includes common toads, great tits, bees, and butterflies.
Live in Concert (Ray Charles album)
Live in Concert is a live album by Ray Charles released in 1965 by ABC-Paramount Records. The recording was made at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles, California in September 1964 following a tour of Japan.

In 2011, the record was remastered and reissued on CD with new liner notes and previously unreleased tracks, extending the record to over an hour's worth of music.

Hallelujah I Love Her So
"Hallelujah I Love Her So" is a single by American musician Ray Charles. The rhythm and blues song was written and released by Charles in 1956 on the Atlantic label, and in 1957 it was included on his self-titled debut LP, also released on Atlantic. The song peaked at number five on the Billboard R&B chart. It is loosely based on 'Get It Over Baby' by Ike Turner (1953).

The song incorporates Gospel music. "Hallelujah I Love Her So" is a testament to the joyous release of love, featuring a sophisticated horn arrangement and memorable tenor sax solo by Don Wilkerson. Several artists, including Stevie Wonder, The Kim Sisters, Peggy Lee, Eddie Cochran, and Humble Pie have covered the song.