hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Medieval village of Geridu (Sardinia)
The Medieval village of Geridu is an abandoned settlement in northern Sardinia, Italy, between Sorso and Sennori. It is the only medieval site on the island where large-scale excavations have been conducted.

The site of the medieval village of Geridu was already inhabited before the Middle Ages, during Late Antiquity it was occupied by a farm or rural settlement linked to the exploitation of agricultural resources. The decline of Geridu's population began in the late 14th century, and according to historical sources, the village was abandoned in the early 15th century, sometime before 1427.

The site continues to be promoted by cultural organizations in Sardinia as a place of archaeological and historical interest.

Geridu is under protection of the Italian Ministry of Culture, which lists it among abandoned medieval heritage site.

Judicate of Logudoro
The Judicate of Logudoro or Torres (Sardinian: Judicadu de Logudoro or Torres, Rennu de Logudoro or Logu de Torres) was one of the four kingdoms or iudicati into which Sardinia was divided during the Middle Ages. It occupied the northwest part of the island from the 11th through the 13th century, bordering the Gallura to the east, Arborea to the south, and Cagliari to the southeast. Its original capital was Porto Torres. The region is still called Logudoro today.

Logudoro was the largest and earliest of the iudicati but also the second to be subsumed by a foreign power. It was divided into twenty curatoriae, ruled by curatores.
NE1000
The NE1000 and NE2000 are members of an early line of low cost Ethernet network cards introduced by Novell in 1987. Their popularity had a significant impact on the pervasiveness of networks in computing. They are based on a reference design from National Semiconductor using their 8390 Ethernet chip.

Network interface controller
A network interface controller (NIC, also known as a network interface card, network adapter, LAN adapter and physical network interface) is a computer hardware component that connects a computer to a computer network.

Early network interface controllers were commonly implemented on expansion cards that plugged into a computer bus. The low cost and ubiquity of the Ethernet standard means that most newer computers have a network interface controller built into the motherboard or contained in a USB-connected dongle, although network cards remain available.

Modern network interface controllers offer advanced features such as interrupt and DMA interfaces to the host processors, support for multiple receive and transmit queues, partitioning into multiple logical interfaces, and on-controller network traffic processing such as the TCP offload engine.
Cedoux
Cedoux is an unincorporated community in the Rural Municipality of Wellington No. 97 in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada. It held village status prior to July 21, 1913. Cedoux is located on Highway 35, approximately 25 kilometres (16 mi) north of the city of Weyburn and approximately 91 kilometres (57 mi) southeast of Regina.

Weyburn
Weyburn is the tenth-largest city in Saskatchewan, Canada. The city has a population of 11,019. It is on the Souris River 110 kilometres (68 mi) southeast of the provincial capital of Regina and is  70 kilometres (43 mi) north from the North Dakota border in the United States. The name is reputedly a corruption of the Scottish "wee burn," referring to a small creek. The city is surrounded by the Rural Municipality of Weyburn No. 67.
Lewes railway station
Lewes railway station serves the town of Lewes in East Sussex, England. It has five platforms and is on the East Coastway Line, 49 miles 74 chains (80.3 km) from London Bridge via Redhill. Train services are provided by Southern.

The station has a café and there is a taxi office on the main forecourt. There is a small taxi rank outside.

Redhill railway station
Redhill railway station serves the town of Redhill, Surrey, England. The station is a major interchange point on the Brighton Main Line, 22 miles 40 chains (36.2 km) measured from London Charing Cross. It is managed by Southern, and is also served by Thameslink and Great Western Railway.
1880 Open Championship
The 1880 Open Championship was the 20th Open Championship, held 9 April 1880 at Musselburgh Links, Musselburgh, East Lothian, Scotland. Bob Ferguson won the Championship, by five strokes from runner-up Peter Paxton.

A number of players were absent because of the short notice given for the competition. Jamie Anderson, winner of the previous three Open Championships was amongst those that were missing. Good weather brought out many spectators. The Championship was played over four rounds of the nine-hole Musselburgh  course.

Andrew Kirkaldy scored a hole-in-one at the eighth hole in his second round and almost repeated the feat in his third round.

After three rounds Bob Ferguson was tied for the lead with Peter Paxton with Ned Cosgrove only a shot behind. In the final round Ferguson scored 39 to Paxton's and Cosgrove's 44s to win by five strokes.

Musselburgh Links
Musselburgh Links, The Old Golf Course in Musselburgh, East Lothian, Scotland, is one of the oldest golf courses in the world. The course is not to be confused with The Royal Musselburgh Golf Club or the Levenhall Links.

Musselburgh Links is a publicly owned course, administered by East Lothian Council. Two golf clubs, Musselburgh Old Course Golf Club and Musselburgh Links Ladies Golf Club, are based at the course. The course has nine holes, and is a par 34.
Burmese chicken
The Burmese or Burmese Bantam is a British breed of bantam chicken. It apparently originated in Myanmar, formerly Burma, in the latter part of the nineteenth century. By the time of the First World War it was thought to be extinct. Some surviving individuals were discovered in the 1970s and were bred with white Booted Bantams to recreate the breed.

Bantam (poultry)
A bantam is any small variety of fowl, usually of chicken or duck. Most large chicken breeds and several breeds of duck have a bantam counterpart, which is much smaller than the standard-sized fowl, but otherwise similar in most or all respects. A true bantam chicken is naturally small and has no large counterpart.
2023 Trofeo Faip–Perrel
The 2023 Trofeo Faip–Perrel presented by Intesa Sanpaolo, was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the 18th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2023 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Bergamo, Italy between 30 October and 5 November 2023.

2023 ATP Challenger Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour in 2023 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2023 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 196 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $40,000 up to $220,000. It was the 46th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle and 15th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Santa Cruz de La Palma
Santa Cruz de la Palma (Spanish for Holy Cross of La Palma) is a city and a municipality on the east coast of the island of La Palma in the province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife of the Canary Islands. Santa Cruz de la Palma is the second-largest city (after Los Llanos de Aridane) and is the capital of the island. It is along an old lava flow coming from the Caldereta (small caldera), a volcano just south of the city. Santa Cruz de La Palma has the privilege of having the first democratically elected town hall in Spain.

The population of the municipality is 16,330 (2013), its area is 43.38 km2.  Around 13,000 people live within the city limits, with the remaining population residing in other settlements.

Los Llanos de Aridane
Los Llanos de Aridane is a municipality of the Province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain. It is located in the west of the island of La Palma, in the Aridane Valley. With 20,930 inhabitants (2013) it is the most populous municipality of La Palma.
Specific granule
Specific granules are secretory vesicles found exclusively in cells of the immune system called granulocytes.

It is sometimes described as applying specifically to neutrophils, and sometimes the term is applied to other types of cells.

These granules store a mixture of cytotoxic molecules, including many enzymes and antimicrobial peptides, that are released by a process called degranulation following activation of the granulocyte by an immune stimulus.

Specific granules are also known as "secondary granules".

Antimicrobial peptides
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), also called host defence peptides (HDPs) are part of the innate immune response found among all classes of life. Fundamental differences exist between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells that may represent targets for antimicrobial peptides. These peptides are potent, broad spectrum antimicrobials which demonstrate potential as novel therapeutic agents. Antimicrobial peptides have been demonstrated to kill Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria, enveloped viruses, fungi and even transformed or cancerous cells. Unlike the majority of conventional antibiotics it appears that antimicrobial peptides frequently destabilize biological membranes, can form transmembrane channels, and may also have the ability to enhance immunity by functioning as immunomodulators.
Edward Donovan
Edward Donovan (1768 – 1 February 1837) was an Anglo-Irish writer, natural history illustrator, and amateur zoologist. He did not travel, but collected, described and illustrated many species based on the collections of other naturalists. His many books were successful in his time. He died penniless in 1837 leaving a large family destitute.

Rivington (publishers)
Rivington, or Rivington's, also called Rivington & Co., was a London-based publishing company founded by Charles Rivington (1688–1742), originally from Derbyshire, and continued by his sons and grandsons.
Mempawah Kingdom
The Mempawah Kingdom (Malay: کرجاءن ممڤاوه‎, romanized: Kerajaan Mempawah) also known as the Mempawah Sultanate, was a Malay-Dayak kingdom located in a territory now known as the Mempawah Regency, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. The name Mempawah is taken from the term "Mempauh", which is the name of a tree that grows in the upper reaches of the river, also known as the Mempawah River. In its development, Mempawah became known as the name of one of the kingdoms and sultanates that developed in West Borneo. The history of Mempawah is divided into two periods, namely the Malay-Dayak kingdom based on Hindu teachings and the period of Islamic influence.

Syarif Abdurrahman Alkadrie
Sultan Syarif Abdurrahman Alkadrie or Syarif Abdul Rahman Al Qadri 23 October 1771 (12 Rajab 1185) – 28 February 1808 (2 Muharram 1223 H), was the founder and the first Sultan of Pontianak. He was born in 1729/1730 (1142 H), and was the son of Syarif Habib Husein bin Ahmad Al Qadri, an Arab preacher and propagator of Islamic teachings. His mother was Nyai Tua Utin Kabanat, daughter of Sultan Muhammad Zainuddin of Matan.
Ben Barba
Benjamin Barba (born 13 June 1989) is an Australian former professional dual code rugby league and rugby union footballer who last played for St Helens in the Super League. He primarily played as a fullback or five-eighth.

Barba won the Dally M Medal award for Player of the Year in 2012 while he was at the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs.

Barba also played for the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs, the Brisbane Broncos in 2014 and the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks where he was part of Cronulla's maiden NRL premiership win in the 2016 NRL Grand Final. In 2018, he won the Man of Steel Award for Super League Player of the Year while playing for St Helens. Barba is only the second man to win both the Dally M Medal and the Man of Steel award, after Gavin Miller.

Barba also had a brief stint in rugby union with RC Toulonnais.

NRL All Stars team
The NRL All Stars team was a rugby league football team made up of professional players in the National Rugby League. These players were selected by fan vote. However, fans were only allowed to select one player from each NRL team to join the Australian rugby league team captain and the New Zealand national rugby league team captain. Two other players were selected by the NRL All Stars coach. This team played in the annual NRL All Stars Game against the Indigenous All Stars. They were replaced in 2016 by a World All Stars.
Metorchis
Metorchis is a genus of flatworms belonging to the family Opisthorchiidae.

The species of this genus are found in Europe, Asia, Northern America.

Species:

Metorchis bilis (Braun, 1790) Odening, 1962

Metorchis butoridi Oshmarin, 1963

Metorchis caintaensis Tubangui, 1928

Metorchis coeruleus Braun, 1902

Metorchis conjunctus (Cobbold, 1860) Looss, 1899

Metorchis elegans Belogurov & Leonov, 1963

Metorchis elongata Tang, He & Ren, 1990

Metorchis felis Hsu, 1934

Metorchis grusi Jiang & Wei, 1995

Metorchis hovorkai Macko, 1955

Metorchis neomidis Baer, 1932

Metorchis nettioni Baugh, 1958

Metorchis oesophagolongus Katsurada, 1914

Metorchis orientalis Tanabe, 1920

Metorchis taiwanensis Morishita & Tsuchimochi, 1925

Metorchis tener Kowalewsky, 1903

Metorchis xanthosomus (Creplin, 1846) Braun, 1902

Metorchis xanthostomus (Creplin, 1846)

Metorchis zacharovi Layman, 1926

Metorchis conjunctus
Metorchis conjunctus, common name Canadian liver fluke, is a species of trematode parasite in the family Opisthorchiidae. It can infect mammals that eat raw fish in North America. The first intermediate host is a freshwater snail and the second is a freshwater fish.
Pilot/Observer Badge
The Pilot/Observer Badge (German: Flugzeugführer- und Beobachterabzeichen) was a World War II German military decoration awarded to Luftwaffe service personnel who had already been awarded the Pilot's Badge and Observer Badge. It was instituted on 26 March 1936 by the Commander in Chief of the Luftwaffe Hermann Göring. It was worn on the lower part of the left breast pocket of the service tunic, underneath the Iron Cross 1st Class if awarded. It was to replace the older 1933 Aircrew Badge.

The badge was originally manufactured in bronze, and later zinc. The badge can be distinguished from the Pilot's Badge by the gold wreath; the Pilot's Badge had a silver wreath. There was also a cloth version of the badge which used embroidered bullion for the officer's version and cotton for the NCO's version. The presentation case was dark blue, with a blue satin top liner and a blue velvet bottom liner on the inside.

Aviator badge
An aviator badge is an insignia used in most of the world's militaries to designate those who have received training and qualification in military aviation.  Also known as a pilot's badge, or pilot wings, the aviator badge was first conceived to recognize the training that military aviators receive, as well as provide a means to outwardly differentiate between military pilots and the “foot soldiers” of the regular ground forces.
François I school complex
The François I school complex is a public education hub in Vitry-le-François (Marne), France, comprising two high schools—a general and technological high school and a vocational high school—a special integration mission class, BTS sections, and a GRETA. Before 1974, it also included a middle school, the Vieux-Port school.

Project-based learning
Project-based learning is a teaching method that involves a dynamic classroom approach in which it is believed that students acquire a deeper knowledge through active exploration of real-world challenges and problems.  Students learn about a subject by working for an extended period of time to investigate and respond to a complex question, challenge, or problem.  It is a style of active learning and inquiry-based learning. Project-based learning  contrasts with paper-based, rote memorization, or teacher-led instruction that presents established facts or portrays a smooth path to knowledge by instead posing questions, problems, or scenarios.
2023 FIBA Under-19 Basketball World Cup
The 2023 FIBA Under-19 Basketball World Cup was the 16th edition of the FIBA Under-19 Basketball World Cup, the biennial international men's youth basketball championship contested by the U19 national teams of the member associations of FIBA. The tournament was hosted in Debrecen, Hungary, from 24 June to 2 July 2023.

Spain won their second title after beating France in the final.

FIBA Under-19 Basketball World Cup
The FIBA Under-19 Basketball World Cup (formerly FIBA Under-19 World Championship) is the under-19 men's world basketball championship organised by the International Basketball Federation (FIBA). From its inauguration in 1979, until 2007, it was held every four years. Since 2007, it has been held biennially. The current champions are United States in 2025. The next edition will take place in Czech Republic in 2027.
Joseph Magliocco
Joseph Magliocco (born Giuseppe Magliocco; Italian pronunciation: [dʒuˈzɛppe maʎˈʎɔkko]; June 29, 1898 – December 28, 1963), also known as "Joe Malayak" and "Joe Evil Eye", was a Sicilian-born New York mobster and the boss of the Profaci crime family (later to become the Colombo crime family) from 1962 to 1963. In 1963, Magliocco participated in an audacious attempt with Joseph Bonnano to kill other family bosses and take over the Mafia Commission. The attempt failed and he was forced into retirement. Soon after, he died of a heart attack on December 28, 1963.

Caporegime
A caporegime or capodecina, usually shortened to capo or informally referred to as "captain", "skipper" or "lieutenant", is a leadership position in the Mafia (both the Sicilian Mafia and Italian-American Mafia). A capo is a "made member" of an Italian crime family who heads a regime or "crew" of soldiers and has major status and influence in the organization. Caporegime is an Italian word, used to signify the head of a family in Sicily. In general, the term indicates the head of a branch of an organized crime syndicate who commands a crew of soldiers and reports directly to the don (boss) or an underboss or street boss. The shortened version "capo" has also been used to refer to certain high-ranking members of Latin American drug cartels.
Battle of Najaf (2003)
The Battle of Najaf was a major battle in the 2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq. The first stage of the battle was fought when the U.S. 3rd Infantry Division fought to surround the town. The second stage was fought when soldiers from the U.S. 101st Airborne Division fought to clear and secure the city.

Fedayeen Saddam
Fedayeen Saddam (Arabic: فدائيي صدام, romanized: Fidā'iyyī Saddām) was an Iraqi fedayeen paramilitary militia organization loyal to the Ba'athist regime of Saddam Hussein. The group's name means "Saddam's Men of Sacrifice". At its peak, they had 30,000 to 40,000 members. The Fedayeen operated outside the law and were not bound by any political structures.
Mechinat Avnei Eitan
Mechinat Avnei Eitan (Hebrew: מכינת אבנ"י אית"ן), also referred to as Leadership Yeshiva Academy in English, is a pre-military mechina  which combines classical Yeshiva learning with the preparation for the service in the Israel Defense Forces and leadership functions in Jewish communities. The mechina, the first of its kind for English speakers, was founded in 2004, in Avnei Eitan, an Israeli settlement organized as a moshav in the Golan Heights.

Mechina
A mechina kdam-tzvait (Hebrew: מכינה קדם צבאית; "pre-military preparatory", plural מכינות‎ mechinot) is an autonomous unit of specialized educational institutions valuing non-formal education and pre-military training in Israel. They are funded and supported by the Ministry of Education and Ministry of Defense, as well as by the Israel Defense Forces. As of 2017, there were 46 mechinot, whose mission is to prepare for conscientious service in the army and to educate leaders of local communities that have the ability to affect society and state. Educational program blocks mostly include Judaism and Jewish identity, Zionism, development of leadership skills, volunteering, and elements of military training. Most mechina programs last one academic year.
Virginstow
Virginstow is a village and civil parish in the Torridge district of Devon, England. It is situated about 7 miles north of Launceston in Cornwall.  According to the 2001 census, it had a population of 115.

Torridge District
50°53′35″N 4°15′54″W﻿ / ﻿50.893°N 4.265°W﻿ / 50.893; -4.265

Torridge is a local government district in north-west Devon, England. Its council is based in the town of Bideford. The district also includes the towns of Great Torrington, Holsworthy and Northam, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. The island of Lundy forms part of the district. The district is named after the River Torridge.

The district's coast is recognised for its natural beauty, forming part of the North Devon Coast, an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The South West Coast Path runs through the area.

The neighbouring districts are North Devon, Mid Devon, West Devon and Cornwall.
Russian world
The "Russian world" (Russian: русский мир, romanized: rússkiy mir) is a concept and a political doctrine usually defined as the sphere of military, political and cultural influence of Russia. It is a vague term, mostly used to refer to communities with a historical, cultural, or spiritual tie to Russia. This can include all ethnic Russians and Russian speakers in neighboring states, as well as those who belong to the Russian Orthodox Church. The concept of the "Russian world" is linked to Russian neo-imperialism. President Vladimir Putin established the government-funded Russkiy Mir Foundation to foster the idea of the "Russian world" abroad. The concept is sometimes also called the Pax Russica, as a counterweight to the Pax Americana after WWII.

Viktor Shnirelman
Viktor Aleksandrovich Shnirelman (Russian: Виктор Александрович Шнирельман, born 18 May 1949, Moscow) is a Russian historian, ethnologist and a member of Academia Europaea (since 1998). He is a senior researcher of N. N. Miklukho-Maklai Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology at the Russian Academy of Sciences and an author of over 300 works, including over 20 monographies on archaeology. Shnirelman's main fields include the ideologies of nationalism in Russia and CIS, ethnocentrism and irredentism.

Shnirelman graduated from historical faculty at Moscow State University in 1971 and in 1977 upheld a thesis in the Ethnography Institute of Soviet Academy of Sciences. In 1990, he defended a thesis in Ethnology and Anthropology Institute.
Turka (Iren)
The Turka  (Russian: Турка) is a river in Perm Krai, Russia, a left tributary of the Iren, which in turn is a tributary of the Sylva. The river is 72 kilometres (45 mi) long, and its drainage basin covers 814 square kilometres (314 sq mi). The main tributaries are the Yug, Savlek, Byrma, Bolshaya Gorevaya, Beryozovka, and Chyornaya Turka.

Sylva (river)
The Sylva (Russian: Сылва) is a river in Sverdlovsk Oblast and Perm Krai in Russia. It is 493 kilometres (306 mi) in length. The area of the basin is 19,700 square kilometres (7,600 sq mi). The Sylva flows into the Chusovoy Cove of the Kama Reservoir. It freezes up in November and stays under the ice until April. Principal tributaries: Iren, Babka, Irgina, Vogulka (left); Barda, Shakva (right). Main port: Kungur.

Every year hundreds of tourists come to Kungur, through routes down the Sylva, Iren and Shakva rivers. The Sylva River flows leisurely over a flat plateau, across Preduraliye Nature Preserve, and past abrupt cliffs, fossilized remnants of coral reefs left by the long-disappeared Great Permian Sea, which at some places rise up to 100 metres (330 ft) above the level of the river, covered with pine and fir groves.