hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1818–19 United States House of Representatives elections
The 1818–19 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between April 26, 1818, and August 12, 1819. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before the first session of the 16th United States Congress convened on December 6, 1819. They occurred during President James Monroe's first term. Also, newly admitted Alabama elected its first representatives in September 1819, increasing the size of the House to 186 seats.

This election occurred in a politically uneventful period marked by exceptionally low levels of partisan rivalry known as the Era of Good Feelings. The weak Federalist Party, with limited influence in few states, no longer effectively opposed the Democratic-Republican Party, which increased its large majority.

District of Maine
The District of Maine was the governmental designation for what is now the U.S. state of Maine from October 25, 1780, to March 15, 1820, when it was admitted to the Union as the 23rd state. The district was a part of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and before American independence had been part of the British province of Massachusetts Bay.
1975 Brazilian Grand Prix
The 1975 Brazilian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Interlagos on 26 January 1975. It was race 2 of 14 in both the 1975 World Championship of Drivers and the 1975 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. It was the fourth Brazilian Grand Prix since its introduction in 1972. The race was won by São Paulo native Carlos Pace driving a Brabham BT44B. It was the only win of Pace's career; he was killed in an aircraft accident two years later. Fellow Brazilian Emerson Fittipaldi finished second in his McLaren M23 with his German teammate Jochen Mass finishing third.

Brazilian Grand Prix
The Brazilian Grand Prix (Portuguese: Grande Prêmio do Brasil), currently held under the name São Paulo Grand Prix (Portuguese: Grande Prêmio de São Paulo), is a Formula One championship race which is currently held at the Autódromo José Carlos Pace in Interlagos neighborhood, Cidade Dutra, São Paulo. The inaugural Brazilian Grand Prix, held in 1972, was held as a non-championship event, with all races from the 1973 Brazilian Grand Prix onwards held as a championship event. Previously, the race was held at Jacarepaguá from 1978 to 1989, before returning to Interlagos in 1990, where it has since been held.
Ady Fidelin
Adrienne "Ady" Fidelin (March 4, 1915 – February 5, 2004) was a French art model from Guadeloupe, a French island in the Caribbean. She was a romantic partner and model of Man Ray who photographed her hundreds of times. She was the first black model to appear in the American mainstream press during the 1930s.

The New York Times profiled her in 2022. She is in the 2023 film  Lee about photographer Lee Miller. A copy from a 1937 gelatin silver print photograph by Lee Miller of a topless Nusch Eluard, Paul Eluard, Roland Penrose, Man Ray, and a topless Ady Fidelin is at the National Portrait Gallery in London.

Lee Miller
Elizabeth "Lee" Miller, Lady Penrose (April 23, 1907 – July 21, 1977) was an American photographer and photojournalist. Miller was a fashion model in New York City in the 1920s before going to Paris, becoming a fashion and fine-art photographer there.

During World War II, she was a war photographer and correspondent for Vogue magazine, covering events such as the London Blitz, the liberation of Paris and the concentration camps at Buchenwald and Dachau. Being a woman, Miller was long denied recognition as an artist in her own right, but her son's discovery and promotion of her work has established her reputation as an art and war photographer.
Paul Pieris
Sir Paul Edward Pieris Deraniyagala Samarasinha Sriwardhana, CMG (16 February 1874 – 1959; commonly known as Sir Paul E. Pieris) was a Ceylonese civil servant and historian. He served as Ceylon's Trade Commissioner and a District Judge and held multiple appointments as president of the Royal Asiatic Society of Sri Lanka. Although his academic and early career was in the legal field, he is best known for being one of the country's foremost experts on the history of European occupation of Sri Lanka.

Ceylon Civil Service
The Ceylon Civil Service, popularly known by its acronym CCS, was the premier civil service of the Government of Ceylon under British colonial rule and in the immediate post-independence period. Established in 1833, it functioned as part of the executive administration of the country to various degrees until Ceylon gained self-rule in 1948. Until it was abolished on 1 May 1963 it functioned as the permanent bureaucracy or secretariat of Crown employees that assisted the Government of Ceylon.

Many of the duties of the CCS were taken over by the much larger Ceylon Administrative Service (CAS) which was created absorbing all executive management groups such as the CCS officers and the Divisional Revenue Officers' Service, was to be established with five grades. It was renamed following the declaration of the republic in 1972 as the Sri Lankan Administrative Service which is now the main administrative service of the Government.
Fumago
Fumago is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Capnodiaceae.

The species of this genus are found in Europe and Northern America.

Species:

Fumago crustacea Sacc., 1880

Fumago donatiae B.Chandler

Fumago fungicola Sacc.

Fumago graminis (Corda) S.Hughes

Fumago hebbalensis A.N.S.Rao

Fumago ilicis Pers.

Fumago lateritiorum Sacc., 1880

Fumago lauri G.Boyer & Jacz., 1893

Fumago lonicerae Fuckel

Fumago oleae Tul.

Fumago oosperma Speg.

Fumago pannosa Berk.

Fumago sacchari Speg.

Fumago salicina (Pers.) Tul. & C.Tul.

Fumago setulosa Lév.

Fumago sorbina (P.Karst.) S.Hughes

Fumago typhae Pers.

Capnodiaceae
The Capnodiaceae are a family of fungi in the Ascomycota, class Dothideomycetes. Species in the family have a widespread distribution, and are especially prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas, as well as temperate rainforests.
Pasarian
Pasarian is a village in Nakodar in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) from Nakodar, 51 kilometres (32 mi) from Kapurthala, 42 kilometres (26 mi) from district headquarter Jalandhar and 168 kilometres (104 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per Panchayati raj (India).

Nakodar
Nakodar is a town and a municipal council in Jalandhar district in the Indian state of Punjab.

The city is almost 365 km from Delhi, 25 km from Jalandhar, 49 km from Ludhiana, and about 101 km from Amritsar. Surrounding villages include Chak Mughlani, Maheru, Allowal, Mehatpur (Haripur) (Bhullar) Nawan Pind Jattan, Heran, Bir Pind, (Aulakh), Shankar, Nur Pur Chatha, Sarih, Malri, Khanpur Dhadda, Uggi, and Malhian Kalan.

The town is well paved and currently forms a Tehsil of District Jalandhar. Outside the town, there are two large tombs dating from the times of Emperor Jahangir, later one of them is said to be the burial place of the adviser of Emperor Shah Jahan, but it is not known who stand buried in the earlier tomb.
Stephen Mitchell (British politician)
Stephen Mitchell (10 March 1884 – 7 June 1951) was a Scottish Unionist politician who sought change through unity.

Educated at Loretto School and Jesus College, Cambridge, he served as a Major with the Fife and Forfar Yeomanry, including service in World War I. He was a Director of Imperial Tobacco.

Mitchell was Unionist Member of Parliament (MP) for Lanark from 1924 until 1929. Mitchell also was a Member of the Royal Company of Archers and was High Sheriff of Gloucestershire in 1945–1946.

Lanark (UK Parliament constituency)
Lanark was a county constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (Westminster) from 1918 to 1983. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post voting system.

There was also an earlier Lanark Burghs constituency, from 1708 to 1832.
Giuseppe Mario Bellanca
Giuseppe Mario Bellanca (March 19, 1886 – December 26, 1960) was an Italian-American aviation pioneer, airplane designer and builder, who is credited with many design firsts and whose aircraft broke many aviation records. He was inducted into the National Aviation Hall of Fame in 1973.   The Bellanca C.F., one of the world's first enclosed-cabin monoplanes, is on display at the National Air and Space Museum. Bellanca was known mostly for his long range aircraft which led the way for the advancement of international and commercial air transportation.

Clyde Pangborn
Clyde Edward Pangborn (c. October 28, 1895 – March 29, 1958), nicknamed "Upside-Down Pangborn", was an American aviator and barnstormer who performed aerial stunts in the 1920s for the Gates Flying Circus. He was its  half-owner, chief pilot and operating manager, working in partnership with Ivan R. Gates. In 1931, Pangborn and co-pilot Hugh Herndon Jr. flew their plane, Miss Veedol, on the first non-stop flight across the Pacific Ocean.
Ram Pujan Patel
Ram Pujan Patel was an Indian politician. He was elected to the Lok Sabha, which is the lower house of the Parliament of India. He came from Phulpur, Uttar Pradesh as a member of the Janata Dal. He held the position of Minister of State for Food and Civil Supplies in V. P. Singh ministry from 23 April 1990  to 10 November 1990. He was also Uttar Pradesh State Janata Dal president.

Janata Dal
Janata Dal (lit. 'People's Party') was an Indian political party which was formed through the merger of Lok Dal, Jagjivan's Congress, and Jan Morcha on 11 October 1988—the birth anniversary of Jayaprakash Narayan under the leadership of V. P. Singh.
Eden growth model
The Eden growth model describes the growth of specific types of clusters such as bacterial colonies and deposition of materials. These clusters grow by random accumulation of material on their boundary.  These are also an example of a surface fractal. The model, named after Murray Eden, was first described in 1961 as a way of studying biological growth, and was simulated on a computer for clusters up to about 32,000 cells. By the mid-1980s, clusters with a billion cells had been grown, and a slight anisotropy had been observed.

Bacterial growth
Bacterial growth  is proliferation of bacterium into two daughter cells, in a process called binary fission. Providing no mutation event occurs, the resulting daughter cells are genetically identical to the original cell. Hence, bacterial growth occurs. Both daughter cells from the division do not necessarily survive. However, if the surviving number exceeds unity on average, the bacterial population undergoes exponential growth. The measurement of an exponential bacterial growth curve in batch culture was traditionally a part of the training of all microbiologists; the basic means requires bacterial enumeration (cell counting) by direct and individual (microscopic, flow cytometry), direct and bulk (biomass), indirect and individual (colony counting), or indirect and bulk (most probable number, turbidity, nutrient uptake) methods. Models reconcile theory with the measurements.
Mount Sylvania
Mount Sylvania is an extinct volcano, part of the Boring Lava Field, on the outskirts of Portland, Oregon. Parts of the mountain are within the cities of Portland, Lake Oswego, and Tigard.

The Sylvania campus of Portland Community College is located on the mountain's western slopes.

Lake Oswego, Oregon
Lake Oswego (/ɒsˈwiːɡoʊ/ oss-WEE-goh) is a city in the U.S. state of Oregon, primarily in Clackamas County, with small portions extending into neighboring Multnomah and Washington counties. Population in 2020 was 40,731, an 11.2% increase since 2010, making it the 11th most populous city in Oregon. Located about 7 miles (11 km) south of Portland and surrounding the 405-acre (164 ha) Oswego Lake, the town was founded in 1847 and incorporated as Oswego in 1910. The city was the hub of Oregon's brief iron industry in the late 19th century, and is today a suburb of Portland.
Quercus bawanglingensis
Quercus bawanglingensis is a species of oak. It is an evergreen tree native to the island of Hainan in southern China.

The species belongs to Quercus section Ilex, and is closely related to Q. tarokoensis of Taiwan.

Quercus bawanglingensis is known only from a single population in Bawangling in the Changjiang Li Autonomous County of Hainan, where it grows in tropical montane dwarf forests from 900 to 1000 meters elevation. There are estimated to be only 20 mature trees in the wild, and it is threatened with habitat loss from forest clearance.

Quercus subg. Cerris
Quercus subgenus Cerris is one of the two subgenera into which the genus Quercus was divided in a 2017 classification (the other being subgenus Quercus). It contains about 140 species divided among three sections. It may be called the Old World clade or the mid-latitude clade; all species are native to Eurasia and North Africa.
Change of Heart (Change album)
Change of Heart is the fifth studio album by the Italian/U.S. ensemble Change. It was released in 1984 and reached number one hundred and two on the US Billboard Album Chart, fifteen on the US Billboard Black Albums chart, and number thirty-four on the UK Albums Chart. Change of Heart includes the singles "Change of Heart", "It Burns Me Up", "You Are My Melody" and "Say You Love Me Again".

The band recorded and mixed the songs for album at Umbi Recording Studios, Italy, Creation Audio, Minneapolis and Mediasound, New York City. The sessions were then taken to Atlantic Studios, New York City to be mastered. The album was originally released as an LP in April 1984. The artwork was designed by Greg Porto.

Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis
James Samuel "Jimmy Jam" Harris III (born June 6, 1959) and Terry Steven Lewis (born November 24, 1956) are an American R&B/pop songwriting and record production team. Their productions have received commercial success since the 1980s with various artists, most extensively Janet Jackson. They have written 31 top ten hits in the UK and 41 in the US. In 2022, the duo were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in the Musical Excellence category.
Chiltern Hundreds
The Chiltern Hundreds is an ancient administrative area in Buckinghamshire, England, composed of three ancient hundreds and lying partially within the Chiltern Hills. "Taking the Chiltern Hundreds" refers to one of the legal fictions used to effect resignation from the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. Since Members of Parliament are not permitted to resign, they are instead appointed to an "office of profit under the Crown", which requires MPs to vacate their seats. The ancient office of Crown Steward and Bailiff of the Chiltern Hundreds, having been reduced to a mere sinecure by the 17th century, was first used by John Pitt (of Encombe) in 1751 to vacate his seat in the House of Commons. Other titles were also later used for the same purpose, but only those of the Chiltern Hundreds and the Crown Steward and Bailiff of the Manor of Northstead are still in use.

Legal fiction
A legal fiction is a construct used in law where, in order to facilitate a specific outcome, a position is taken to be true, even if such a position is not literally true. Legal fictions can be employed by the courts or found in legislation.

Legal fictions are different from legal presumptions which assume a certain state of facts until the opposite is proved, such as the presumption of legitimacy.

The term legal fiction is sometimes used in a pejorative way. Jeremy Bentham was a famous historical critic of legal fictions. Proponents of legal fictions, particularly of their use historically, identify legal fictions as "scaffolding around a building under construction".
2013 Grand Rapids flood
The 2013 Grand Rapids flood lasted from April 12 to 25, 2013, affecting multiple areas in the Grand Rapids metropolitan area. Sudden heavy rainfall, saturation of the ground from rainwater and the flow of tributaries caused the Grand River to rise dramatically, with the river cresting at 21.85 feet (6.66 m) in Grand Rapids on April 21, 2013. The flooding caused thousands of residents in the area to evacuate their homes.

Grand River (Michigan)
The Grand River (Ottawa: owashtanong, "Far-Flowing Water") is a 252-mile-long (406 km) river in the Lower Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. The longest river in Michigan, the Grand River rises in Hillsdale County, and flows in a generally northwesterly direction to its mouth at Lake Michigan in the city of Grand Haven. The river flows through a number of cities, including Jackson, Lansing, Ionia, and Grand Rapids.

The river was famous for its mile-long, 300-yard-wide, and 10-to-15-foot-tall rapids, for which the city of Grand Rapids was named. These rapids were submerged following the construction of numerous dams, starting in 1835, and flooding of areas behind the dams. The river has not had any rapids for nearly a century.
Austrogomphus prasinus
Austrogomphus prasinus, also known as Austrogomphus (Pleiogomphus) prasinus, is a species of dragonfly of the family Gomphidae, 
commonly known as the lemon-tipped hunter. 
It inhabits streams and rivers in northern Queensland, Australia.

Austrogomphus prasinus is a medium-sized, black and yellow dragonfly.

Gomphidae
The Gomphidae are a family of dragonflies commonly referred to as clubtails or club-tailed dragonflies. The family contains about 90 genera and 900 species found across North and South America, Europe, Asia, Australia, and Africa. The name refers to the club-like widening of the end of the abdomen (abdominal segments 7 through 9). However, this club is usually less pronounced in females and is entirely absent in some species.
Louth Derby
The Louth derby is the name given to an association football derby match played between Drogheda United and Dundalk FC. Outside of counties Cork and Dublin, County Louth is the only county in Ireland that has two elite football teams in the League of Ireland. While the clubs were formed in 1903 and 1919 respectively, the derby only commenced in 1963, when Drogheda entered the league, and has been contested over 200 times in all competitions.

Ciarán Kilduff
Ciarán Kilduff (born 29 September 1988) is an Irish football manager and former professional player, who is the manager of League of Ireland Premier Division club Dundalk. He has played for seven clubs in the League of Ireland throughout his career and appeared 16 times in European competition, playing in the UEFA Europa League group stages in two separate seasons. The first occasion was with Shamrock Rovers when they became the first Irish side to reach the group stage of the Europa League in 2011, and he was also part of the Dundalk team that qualified for the Europa League group stages after becoming the first Irish club to reach the play-off round of the Champions League in 2016.
Scott Green (American football official)
Scott H. Green (born February 20, 1951) is a former American football official in the National Football League (NFL) from the 1991 NFL season until the 2013 NFL season.  He had officiated Super Bowls XXXVI in 2002, XXXVIII in 2004, and was the referee for XLIV in 2010.  Green was also the head of the NFL Referees Association (NFLRA) and led negotiations during the 2012 NFL referee lockout.

Outside his part-time work in professional football, Green works as a Washington, D.C. contractor for public safety and criminal justice agencies as part of a firm he co-founded in 1994. Green announced his retirement at the conclusion of the 2013 football season.

1991 NFL season
The 1991 NFL season was the 72nd regular season of the National Football League (NFL). It was the final season for coach Chuck Noll. The season ended with Super Bowl XXVI when the Washington Redskins defeated the Buffalo Bills, 37–24, at the Metrodome in Minnesota. This was the second of four consecutive Super Bowl losses for Buffalo.
Felix K. Abagale
Felix K. Abagale (born in December 1978) is a Ghanaian academic, engineer, university administrator, and community development expert. He is a professor of Soil and Water Engineering whose work focuses on water management, irrigation, and sustainable agriculture in Northern Ghana.

Abagale is the Director of the World Bank-funded West African Centre for Water, Irrigation and Sustainable Agriculture (WACWISA) and previously served as the Pro-Vice-Chancellor of the University for Development Studies (UDS). An alumnus of UDS, he was the first graduate of the university to be appointed to the position of Pro-Vice-Chancellor. He earned his bachelor's degree from UDS and his master's and PhD from the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology.

University for Development Studies
The University for Development Studies popularly known as UDS, was established in 1992 as a multi-campus higher education institution with its central administration at Tamale. It is the fifth public university to be established in Ghana. This deviates from the usual practice of having universities with central campuses and administrations. It was created with the four northern regions of the country in mind. These are the Brong Ahafo Region, Northern Region, Upper East Region and the Upper West Region. The Wa and Navrongo campuses were later converted into autonomous Universities.
Tubular linear motor
A tubular linear motor is a type of linear electric motor with a forcer consisting of a series of solenoids wrapped around a cylinder enclosing a movable rod that contains a number of strong cylindrical permanent magnets aligned in alternating and opposing directions. Tubular linear motors are used in applications requiring linear actuators with performance that cannot be met by other forms of linear actuators such as pneumatic cylinders or lead screw linear actuators. Either the forcer (the part containing the coils) or the rod (the part containing the magnets) may be the moving part, depending on the application.

As part of a servomechanism, tubular linear motors can achieve a simultaneous combination of high forces, high speeds, and high precision that is well beyond the capabilities of most other types of actuators.

Permanent-magnet based tubular linear motors should not be confused with tubular linear induction motors, which work on a different principle.

Linear actuator
A linear actuator is an actuator that creates linear motion (i.e., in a straight line), in contrast to the circular motion of a conventional electric motor. Linear actuators are used in machine tools and industrial machinery, in computer peripherals such as disk drives and printers, in valves and dampers, and in many other places where linear  motion is required. Hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders inherently produce linear motion. Many other mechanisms are used to generate linear motion from a rotating motor.
Armant dog
The Armant (also known as the Egyptian Sheepdog or Ermenti) is a breed of herding dog from Egypt.  The breed is not well known outside of Egypt but is used extensively within Egypt as both a herding dog and a guard dog.

Herding dog
A herding dog, also known as a stock dog or working dog, is a type of dog that either has been trained in herding livestock or belongs to one of the breeds that were developed for herding. A dog specifically trained to herd sheep is known as a sheep dog or shepherd dog, and one trained to herd cattle is known as a cattle dog or cow dog.
Spencer Gray (priest)
Spencer Cyril Gray (1890 in Tottenham – 1981 in Fredericton) was Dean of Fredericton from 1939 to 1960.

He was educated at East London College, and then at St Chad's College, Regina and   ordained in 1914. After a curacy at St Peter's Qu'Appelle he held incumbencies in Yellow Grass, McLeod, Burton, Stanley and Woodstock before being appointed Archdeacon of Fredericton in 1939.

Dean of Fredericton
Christianity portal

The Dean of Fredericton is an Anglican dean in the Anglican Diocese of Fredericton of the Ecclesiastical Province of Canada, based at Christ Church Anglican Cathedral in Fredericton.

The incumbents have been :