hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Boston-area streetcar lines
As with many large cities, a large number of Boston-area streetcar lines once existed, and many continued operating into the 1950s. However, only a few now remain, namely the four branches of the Green Line and the Mattapan Line, with only one (the Green Line E branch) running regular service on an undivided street.

Mattapan Line
The Mattapan Line (alternatively the Mattapan Trolley and historically the Ashmont–Mattapan High-Speed Line) is a partially grade-separated light rail line which forms part of the MBTA's Red Line rapid transit line. The line, which runs through Boston and Milton, Massachusetts, opened on August 26, 1929, as a conversion of a former commuter rail line.  It exclusively uses PCC streetcars built in the 1940s. Passengers must transfer at Ashmont to access the rest of the Red Line, which uses heavy rail metro rolling stock.

The trolley's 2.6-mile (4.2 km) route is used only by streetcars and has just two public grade crossings. All stations have low platforms, but all except Valley Road have been retrofitted with wheelchair lifts or wooden ramps for accessibility. Unlike most heritage streetcar lines, it is an integral part of the modern MBTA transit system rather than a tourist attraction. A rebuild of the line for modern light rail vehicles is planned.
The Faction Collective
The Faction Collective (also known as Faction Skis or simply Faction) is a Swiss ski equipment design company headquartered in Verbier, in the Swiss canton of Valais. Founded in Verbier in 2006 by a tight-knit group of freeride skiers, Faction now holds brand offices in Switzerland, United States, United Kingdom, France, Japan, Austria and China.

Known for its influence in the freeride and freestyle skiing industry, the brand led a major movement in the mid-to-late 2000s to diversify the form factor and design of freestyle and freeride skis. It operates a significant film & media production operation and manages high-profile brand partnerships with leading ski athletes, such as Alex Hall, Eileen Gu, Sam Anthamatten and formerly with Candide Thovex. Its products are sold in over 31 countries, online and through select global distributors.

Sarah Höfflin
Sarah Höfflin (born 8 January 1991) is an Olympic Swiss freestyle skier. She won a gold medal in big air at Winter X Games XXII, and won gold in slopestyle at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea.
Danube Gorge (Weltenburg)
The Danube Gorge near Weltenburg (German: Donaudurchbruch bei Weltenburg) is a narrow section of the Danube Valley in the Lower Bavarian county of Kelheim, which has been recognised as a nature reserve and geotope. This section of the valley in the southern Franconian Jura is officially called the Weltenburg Narrows (Weltenburger Enge).

Geotope
A geotope is the geological component of the abiotic matrix present in an ecotope. Example geotopes might be an exposed outcrop of rocks, an erratic boulder, a grotto or ravine, a cave, an old stone wall marking a property boundary, and so forth.

It is a loanword from German (Geotop) in the study of ecology and might be the model for many other similar words coined by analogy. As the prototype, it has enjoyed wider currency than many of the other words modelled on it, including physiotope, with which it is used synonymously. But the geotope is properly the rocks and not the whole lay of the land (which would be the physiotope).

For usage in the context of geoheritage, like e.g. in Friedrich Wiedenbein's contributions (see below) and in the German discussion on geoheritage, the more adequate term (and translation from the German) is geosite.
Wilson, Wyoming
Wilson is a census-designated place (CDP) in Teton County, Wyoming, United States. The population was 1,567 at the 2020 census, up from 1,482 in 2010. It is part of the Jackson, WY–ID Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Wilson was pioneered in 1889 by Elijah Nicholas Wilson, known for having lived with the Shoshone Indians as a boy in the 1850s.  His book, The White Indian Boy, describes his experiences, including his time as a rider for the Pony Express. The town was later named in his honor.  It sits at the base of Teton Pass, just northwest of Jackson on State Highway 22.

Jackson, Wyoming
Jackson is a resort town in Teton County, Wyoming, United States. The population was 10,760 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 10,680 in 2024. It is Teton County's only incorporated municipality and its county seat, and it is the largest incorporated town in Wyoming. Jackson is the principal town of the Jackson, WY-ID Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes Teton County in Wyoming and Teton County in Idaho. The town is often called Jackson Hole, which is the name of the valley in which it is located. Jackson is a popular tourist destination due to its proximity to the ski resorts Jackson Hole Mountain, Snow King Mountain, and Grand Targhee. Jackson also acts as a gateway community for Grand Teton National Park and Yellowstone National Park.
Women in STEM
Many scholars and policymakers have noted that the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) have remained predominantly male with historically low participation among women since the origins of these fields in the 18th century during the Age of Enlightenment.

Scholars are exploring the various reasons for the continued existence of this gender disparity in STEM fields. Those who view this disparity as resulting from discriminatory forces are also seeking ways to redress this disparity within STEM fields. STEM professions are typically construed as well-compensated, high-status professions with universal career appeal.

K–12
K–12 (from kindergarten to twelfth grade) is an English language expression that indicates the range of years of publicly supported primary and secondary education found in the United States and Canada, which is similar to publicly supported school grades before tertiary education in several other countries, such as  Armenia, Australia, China, Ecuador, Egypt, India, Iran, the Philippines, South Korea, and Turkey. K–12 refers to the American system which affords authority to local intersectional "districts" which may be specific to a municipality, county, or several regions, depending on population and proximity.
Lob trees
Lob trees were prominent trees used as guides or landmarks along voyageur canoe routes. Branches were lopped (or lobbed) off the trees just below the top to make them more conspicuous. They were located at important places along canoe routes to indicate a portage, trail, or direction to a fur trading post. Often the tree was named in recognition of a famous explorer, a bourgeois  (trading company official), or a voyageur who had performed bravely.  Research has shown that this was adopted from earlier First Nations tribes who practised this form of marking.

Most of the indigenous lob trees were red pine, white pine and periodically white spruce. Though most of them have died, there are still a few that can be found in the Quetico Provincial Park. Voyageurs National Park also still has some as of 08/2019.

Pinus resinosa
Pinus resinosa, known as red pine (also Norway pine in Minnesota), is a pine native to Eastern North America, with a distributed from Pennsylvania and the Great Lakes region to Manitoba and Newfoundland. It is an adaptable species, and is a valuable forestry species in its native range. One of only two American members of subsection Pinus, the species is characterised by low genetic diversity.
First Landing
First Landing is a 2002 science fiction novel by Robert Zubrin that tells the story of the first crewed space expedition to Mars. Zubrin is the head of the Mars Society, an organization lobbying the real world NASA to send astronauts to Mars. The plan used to accomplish their mission in the book is the same one advocated by his group.

In the novel, the explorers discover bacterial life on Mars and are abandoned due to political circumstances, and must fend for themselves if they want to return to Earth, thus highlighting many of the more robust features of Zubrin's plan for Mars.

Zubrin also wrote The Case for Mars, a detailed nonfiction explanation of the same plan.

The Case for Mars
The Case for Mars: The Plan to Settle the Red Planet and Why We Must is a nonfiction science book by Robert Zubrin, first published in 1996, and revised and updated in 2011.

The book details Zubrin's Mars Direct plan to make the first human landing on Mars. The plan focuses on keeping costs down by making use of automated systems and available materials on Mars to manufacture the return journey's fuel in situ.  The book also reveals possible Mars colony designs and weighs the prospects for a colony's material self-sufficiency and for the terraforming of Mars.
Ilha Comprida Environmental Protection Area
The Ilha Comprida Environmental Protection Area (Portuguese: Área de Proteção Ambiental da Ilha Comprida) is an environmental protection area in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. It protects an island with an environment of dunes, salt marshes and mangroves.
There has been some difficulty reconciling conservation with human occupation of the island.

Environmental protection area (Brazil)
An environmental protection area (Portuguese: Área de proteção ambiental: APA) is a type of protected area in Brazil that has some degree of human occupation, but where the primary intent is environmental protection. Human occupation is monitored and controlled. An environmental protection area often contains other types of conservation units, which may be more strictly protected.
FC Spartak Moscow
FC Spartak Moscow (Russian: Футбольный клуб «Спартак» Москва, romanized: Futbolʹnyy klub «Spartak» Moskva, pronounced [spɐrˈtak mɐˈskva]) is a Russian professional football club based in Moscow. Having won 12 Soviet championships (second only to Dynamo Kyiv) and 10 Russian championships (a record jointly held with Zenit St Petersburg), it is the country's most successful club. They have also won a record 10 Soviet Cups, 4 Russian Cups and one Russian Super Cup. Spartak have also reached the semi-finals of UEFA Europa League, UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Cup Winner's Cup.

2020–21 Russian Premier League
The 2020–21 Russian Premier League（known as the Tinkoff Russian Premier League, also written as Tinkoff Russian Premier Liga for sponsorship reasons）was the 29th season of the premier football competition in Russia since the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the 19th under the current Russian Premier League name.
Conservation and Environmental Research Areas of UMBC
Conservation and Environmental Research Areas (CERA) of University of Maryland, Baltimore County is a nature preserve on the grounds of the UMBC campus in Baltimore, Maryland. The wooded area is located on the southern end of the campus and is bordered by bwtech@UMBC Research and Technology Park to the north, UMBC Boulevard to the west, Selford and Shelbourne Roads to the south, and athletic fields to the east. CERA is used for education purposes for programs at UMBC such as the departments of Geography and Environmental Systems.

Bwtech@UMBC Research and Technology Park
Bwtech@UMBC Research and Technology Park is the university research park for the University of Maryland, Baltimore County in Baltimore, Maryland. The research park has two campuses; bwtech@UMBC North, located just south of the main campus and adjacent to the campus gateway, and bwtech@UMBC South, located in UMBC's South Campus complex off of Rolling Road.
Disposable cup
A disposable cup is a type of tableware and disposable food packaging. Disposable cup types include paper cups, plastic cups, and foam cups. Expanded polystyrene is used to manufacture foam cups, and polypropylene is used to manufacture plastic cups.

As they are produced for single use, disposable cups and other similar disposable products constitute a major source of consumer and household waste, such as paper waste and plastic waste. It has been estimated that the average household discards around 70 disposable cups every year.

108 billion cups are consumed in the US per year, and the UK uses an estimated 2.5 billion paper cups every year.

Coated paper
Coated paper (also known as enamel paper, gloss paper, and thin paper) is paper that has been coated with a mixture of materials or a polymer to impart certain qualities to the paper, including weight, surface gloss, smoothness, or reduced ink absorbency. Various materials, including kaolinite, calcium carbonate, bentonite, and talc, can be used to coat paper for high-quality printing, such as that used in the packaging industry and in magazines.

The chalk or china clay is bound to the paper with synthetic viscosifiers, such as styrene-butadiene latexes and natural organic binders such as starch. The coating formulation may also contain chemical additives as dispersants, resins, or polyethylene to give water resistance and wet strength to the paper, or to protect against ultraviolet radiation.

Coated papers have been traditionally used for printing magazines.
2014 Kentucky Bank Tennis Championships
The 2014 Kentucky Bank Tennis Championships was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the nineteenth edition for the men and the seventeenth edition for the women, and part of the 2014 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2014 ITF Women's Circuit respectively, each offering a total of $50,000 in prize money. The event took place in Lexington, Kentucky, United States, on July 21–27, 2014.

Lexington Open
The Lexington Open (previously known as the Kentucky Bank Tennis Championships and the Fifth Third Bank Tennis Championships) is a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hardcourts. It is currently part of the ATP Challenger Tour and the ITF Women's World Tennis Tour, and has been held annually at the Hilary J. Boone Tennis Complex in Lexington, Kentucky, since 1995 for men and since 1997 for women. It is the longest running active ATP Challenger Tour tournament in the US, marking its 30th edition in 2025.
In 2020, the tournament was held as a once-off WTA Tour tournament. In 2022, it returned to the ITF Circuit.
Joseph Malègue
Joseph Malègue (8 December 1876 – 30 December 1940), was a French catholic novelist, principally author of Augustin ou le Maître est là (1933) and Pierres noires. Les classes moyennes du Salut. He was also a theologian and published some theological surveys, as Pénombres about Faith and against Fideism. His first novel is, following the French historian of spirituality Émile Goichot, the most accurately linked to Modernism. Pope Francis quoted in several circumstances, among them in El Jesuita  this Malègue's view about Incarnation : ‘’ It is not Christ who is incomprehensible for me if He is  God, it is God who is strange for me if He is not Christ.‘’

Henri Bergson
Henri-Louis Bergson (/ˈbɜːrɡsən, ˈbɛərɡ-/; French: [bɛʁksɔn]; 18 October 1859 – 4 January 1941) was a French philosopher who was influential in the traditions of analytic philosophy and continental philosophy, especially during the first half of the 20th century until the Second World War, but also after 1966 when Gilles Deleuze published Le Bergsonisme.

Bergson is known for his arguments that processes of immediate experience and intuition are more significant than abstract rationalism and science for understanding reality. Bergson was awarded the 1927 Nobel Prize in Literature "in recognition of his rich and vitalizing ideas and the brilliant skill with which they have been presented". In 1930, France awarded him its highest honour, the Grand-Croix de la Legion d'honneur. Bergson's great popularity created a controversy in France, where his views were seen as opposing the "secular and scientific" attitude adopted by the Republic's officials.
Typing
Typing is the process of entering or inputting text by pressing keys on a typewriter, computer keyboard, mobile phone, or calculator. It can be distinguished from other means of text input, such as handwriting and speech recognition; text can be in the form of letters, numbers and other symbols. The world's first typist was Lillian Sholes from Wisconsin in the United States, the daughter of Christopher Latham Sholes, who invented the first practical typewriter.

User interface features such as spell checker and autocomplete serve to facilitate and speed up typing and to prevent or correct errors the typist may make.

Copy typist
A copy typist is someone who specializes in typing text from a source which they read. Originally appearing as a skill in handling of a typewriter, later it transitioned to using a computer keyboard, with results tracking on a computer display and obtained using a printer. Before introduction of computers, an additional skill of proofreading and document editing were critical.
Kinahan Cornwallis
Sir Kinahan Cornwallis GCMG CBE DSO (19 February 1883 – 3 June 1959) was a British administrator and diplomat best known for being an advisor to King Faisal I of Iraq and for being the British Ambassador to the Kingdom of Iraq during the Anglo-Iraqi War.

RAF Habbaniya
Royal Air Force Habbaniya, more commonly known as RAF Habbaniya (Arabic: قاعدة الحبانية الجوية) (originally RAF Dhibban) was a Royal Air Force station at Habbaniyah, about 55 miles (89 km) west of Baghdad in modern-day Iraq, on the banks of the Euphrates near Lake Habbaniyah. It was developed from 1934, and was operational from October 1936 until 31 May 1959 when the RAF finally withdrew after the July 1958 Revolution made the British military presence no longer welcome. It was the scene of fierce fighting in May 1941 when it was besieged by the Iraqi Military following the 1941 Iraqi coup d'état.

It is currently a major Iraqi military airbase.
Mihingarangi Forbes
Mihingarangi Forbes (born 1972 or 1973), also known as Mihi Forbes, is a New Zealand journalist, television presenter and radio broadcaster. She has worked on current affairs shows including Campbell Live, 20/20, and Native Affairs. In 2008, she won a Qantas award for 'Best Reporter for Daily Current Affairs'; in 2020, she won 'Best Presenter: News and Current Affairs' at the New Zealand Television Awards.

Forbes is known for leading a 2013 investigation into alleged misspending by the Te Kōhanga Reo Trust Board.

Three (TV channel)
Three (stylised as +HR=E) is a New Zealand nationwide television channel. Launched on 26 November 1989 as TV3, it was New Zealand's first privately owned television channel. The channel currently broadcasts nationally (with regional advertising targeting four markets) in digital free-to-air form via the state-owned Kordia on terrestrial and satellite. It previously broadcast nationally on analogue television until that was switched off on 1 December 2013.

Three is a general entertainment channel formerly owned by Warner Bros. Discovery New Zealand, with a news element under the banner of ThreeNews. Three carries a significant amount of local content, most of which airs at prime-time. The channel has been owned by Sky Network Television from 1 August 2025.
Tatyana Sudets
Tatyana Alexandrovna Sudets    (Russian: Татья́на Алекса́ндровна Суде́ц; first marriage —  Grushina, née —  Burantseva)    (born August 22, 1947 in Moscow) is a Soviet and Russian TV presenter and television announcer. She was recognised as a Merited Artist of the Russian Federation in 2000.

Merited Artist of the Russian Federation
Merited Artist of the Russian Federation (Russian: Заслуженный артист Российской Федерации, Zasluzhenny artist Rossiyskoy Federatsii), also known as Honored Artist of Russia, is an honorary title in the Russian Federation. The title is awarded to actors, directors, filmmakers, writers, dancers, and singers for exceptional achievements in the arts.

The honorary title was originally modeled after the German honorific title for distinguished opera singers. Historically, the title was bestowed by princes or kings, when it was styled Hofkammersänger(in). In Imperial Russia before 1917, several stars of stage and film were honored with the title "Imperial singer", but after the October Revolution of 1917, the new regime made changes and established the title of the Merited Artist of Russia (Russian SFSR and Soviet Union).

After the collapse of the USSR in 1991, Russian president Boris Yeltsin created a new award, first presented on 30 December 1995.
St Leodegar's Church, Hunston
St Leodegar's Church is the Anglican parish church of Hunston, a hamlet in the Chichester district of West Sussex, England.  The dedication—rare in England and unique in Sussex—has also been spelt St Ledger historically. A ruinous church dating from the 12th century was dismantled and rebuilt by prolific ecclesiastical architect Arthur Blomfield in 1885, but some old features were retained.  The building, an Early English Gothic Revival structure of stone, was criticised by architectural historian Nikolaus Pevsner but was built on a "generous" budget and has some elaborate structural features such as a double belfry.

North Mundham
North Mundham is a village, Anglican parish and civil parish in the Chichester district of West Sussex, England. It lies on the B2166 road two miles (3.2 km) southeast of Chichester. The parish includes the village of Runcton. The Anglican parish includes the neighbouring settlements of South Mundham, Runcton and Merston.
Radičević
Radičević (Serbian Cyrillic: Радичевић) is a village in Serbia. It is situated in the Bečej municipality, South Bačka District, Vojvodina province. The village has a Serb ethnic majority and its population numbering 1,332 people (2002 census).

South Bačka District
The South Bačka District (Serbian: Јужнобачки округ, romanized: Južnobački okrug, pronounced [jûʒnobâːtʃkiː ôkruːɡ]) is one of administrative districts of Serbia. It lies in the southern part of Bačka and northern part of Syrmia. According to the 2022 census, the South Bačka District has a population of 607,178 inhabitants. The administrative center of the district is the city of Novi Sad, which is also the administrative center and the largest city of the Vojvodina.
Mining industry of Malawi
The mining industry of Malawi, includes a number of gemstones and other minerals.

The value of mining is dominated by the extraction of fuel minerals, particularly uranium. 
Malawi's production of uranium has contributed 1% to the global production of this mineral. Since 2009, with new licenses granted to extract it from the Kayelekera uranium mine in Karonga District, in the northern region of the country, its production has contributed to an increase of Malawi's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) from 1% to 10% as of 2013. It is estimated that with increased emphasis on mineral extraction, the sector's contribution to GDP could be 20% by 2023. As of the financial year 2015–2016, the Government of Malawi reported that mining contributed less than 1%. This is attributed to suspension of production at Kayelekera Uranium Mine.

Kanyika mine
The Kanyika mine is an open pit mine which extracts niobium ore from a large deposit located in northern Malawi in the Northern Region, about 250 kilometers north of Lilongwe. It will be the second-largest mining operation in the country, behind the Kayelekera mine. Kanyika represents one of the largest niobium mineral resource in Malawi having estimated resources of 60 million tonnes of ore grading 0.29% niobium metal. The mine is the main project of the Australia-based Globe Metals & Mining Ltd.