hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thermal airship
A thermal airship is an airship that generates buoyancy by heating air in a large chamber or envelope. The lower density of the interior hot air compared to the cooler ambient air causes an upward force on the envelope. This is very similar to a hot air balloon, with the notable exception that an airship has a powered means of propulsion, whilst a hot air balloon relies on winds for navigation. An airship that uses steam would also qualify as a thermal airship.

Other types of airships use a gas that is lighter than air at ambient temperature, such as helium, as a lifting gas.

Some airship designs that use a lighter-than-air lifting gas heat a portion of the gas, which is usually maintained in enclosed cells to gain additional lift. Heating the lifting gas causes expansion of the gas in order to further lower the density of the lifting gas, which results in greater lift.

Lifting gas
A lifting gas, or lighter-than-air gas, is a gas that has a density lower than normal atmospheric gases and rises above them as a result, making it useful in lifting lighter-than-air aircraft. Only certain lighter-than-air gases are suitable as lifting gases. Dry air has a density of about 1.29 grams per liter (g/L) at standard conditions for temperature and pressure (STP) and an average molecular mass of 28.97 g/mol, and so lighter-than-air gases have a density lower than this.
Dachau (US Army report)
Dachau is a 72-page investigation report by the 7th US Army on Dachau, one of the concentration camps established by Nazi Germany. The report details the mass murder and mass atrocities committed at Dachau by the SS and other personnel. Following the liberation of the camp by the 7th US Army on 29 April 1945, the report was prepared during the following one or two weeks and published in May. In addition to a preface, the report contains three independent reports which partly overlap thematically. Although it contains some errors, the report is considered one of the first studies on the Nazi concentration camps.

G-2 (intelligence)
G-2 refers to the military intelligence staff in the United States Army at the Divisional Level and above. The position is generally headed by a Lieutenant General.  It is contrasted with G–1 (personnel), G–3 (operations), G–4 (logistics),  G-5 (planning), G-6 (network), G-7 (training), G-8 (finance), and G-9 (civil-military operations). These "G" sections have counterparts in other branches of the service, with the U.S. Navy using an  N– designation, the U.S. Air Force using the A- designation, and the Joint Staff using the J- designation. It is the higher level function of the S-2 (intelligence) with the "S" signifying intelligence directorates at the battalion or brigade level.
The Women of Pitcairn Island
The Women of Pitcairn Island is a 1956 American adventure drama film directed by Jean Yarbrough and starring Lynn Bari, John Smith and Sue England. It was produced by Robert L. Lippert Regal Films for distribution by 20th Century Fox. The film's sets were designed by the art director Dave Milton.

Lynn Bari
Lynn Bari (born Marjorie Schuyler Fisher; December 18, 1919 – November 20, 1989) was an American film actress who specialized in playing sultry, statuesque man-killers in roughly 150 films for 20th Century Fox, from the early 1930s through the 1940s.
Etowah City Elementary School District
Etowah City Elementary School District is a school district of Etowah, Tennessee. It operates a single K-8 school, Etowah Elementary School a.k.a. Etowah City School (ECS).

High school students move on to McMinn County Schools. McMinn Central High School is the successor of the former Etowah High School.

McMinn County Schools
McMinn County School District or McMinn County Schools is a school district headquartered in Athens, Tennessee.

Most of McMinn County is zoned to the district for all grade levels. Residents of Athens and Etowah however have separate school districts for PreKindergarten through 8th grade, but attend McMinn County Schools-operated facilities for grades 9–12.

In 2020, the district had 5,493 students. It had two high schools, seven middle schools, seven elementary schools, and seven preschools.

The demographics of the county are that as of 2019 it was 92% white, 3% Hispanic or Latino, and 2% black. 19.4% of families had an income that was below the poverty level, and 27.7% of families were receiving Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program benefits. A total of 52.6% of the population had a high school education or less.

As of January 2022 the Director of Schools is Lee Parkison.
I Love a Soldier
I Love a Soldier is a 1944 American drama film directed by Mark Sandrich and written by Allan Scott. The film stars Paulette Goddard, Sonny Tufts, Beulah Bondi, Walter Sande, Mary Treen and Ann Doran. The film was released on August 15, 1944, by Paramount Pictures.

Beulah Bondi
Beulah Bondi (/bɒndaɪ/) (born Beulah Bondy; May 3, 1888 – January 11, 1981) was an American character actress; she often played eccentric mothers and later grandmothers and wives, although she was known for numerous other roles. She began her acting career as a young child in theater in the late 19th Century, and after establishing herself as a Broadway stage actress in 1925, she reprised her role in Street Scene for the 1931 film version.

She played supporting roles in several films during the 1930s, and was twice nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. She played the mother of James Stewart in four films: Of Human Hearts, Vivacious Lady, Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939), and It's a Wonderful Life (1946). Although at her height in Hollywood from the 1930s until the 1950s, Bondi never retired, and she continued acting well into her later years, at the age of 87 winning an Emmy Award for her guest-star role on The Waltons in 1976.
Future Music Festival Asia
Future Music Festival Asia, often abbreviated as FMFA, was an annual music festival featuring local and international artists held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The festival was a franchise of Future Entertainment's successful Future Music Festival that has been running in Australia since 2006. Future Music Festival Asia was inaugurated in 2012, and has been headlined by notable acts such as The Temper Trap, Chemical Brothers, Flo Rida, The Prodigy, Psy and Fun.

Future Entertainment
Future Entertainment is a Melbourne based, youth-focused electronic music entertainment company created by dance-music event organiser Mark James in 1993.  Its objective was to present annual music festivals at Australian venues and landmarks.

The Mansion nightclub in Melbourne was the foundation of Future Entertainment, where Mark James & Jason Ayoubi first came together to form their music promotions company.  The company has been developing domestic brands as a key focus in recent years with parties such as Kiss my grass, The Future Music Festival and Mischief events.
Basil Gorgis
Basil Gewargis Hanna or Basil Korkis (Arabic: باسل كوركيس) (born 8 January 1961)  is a former Iraqi international football player of Assyrian descent. Despite having a short career, he is considered to be one of the best players of all time in Iraq, being known for his tenacity and attacking threat.

As a player, Basil took the national team to uncharted territory,  where he was part of the Iraqi "golden team" of the 1980s that included Hussein Saeed and Ahmad Radhi.

Basil is married and they have three daughters together.

Ahmed Radhi
Ahmed Radhi Humaiesh Al-Salehi (Arabic: أَحْمَد رَاضِي هَمِيش الصَّالِحِيّ, 21 April 1964 – 21 June 2020) was an Iraqi footballer who played as a striker. Nicknamed "Al-Saher" (The Magician) in his playing days and regarded as one of Iraq's and Asia's best players of all time, Radhi scored the only Iraqi goal at the FIFA World Cup in its 1986 edition, a low shot to the corner of the net against Belgium in a 2–1 defeat. He was voted the Asian Footballer of the Year in 1988.
John Medora
John L. Medora (born May 28, 1936), also known as John or  Johnny Madara, is an American singer, songwriter, composer and record producer best known to have teamed up with David White and Arthur Singer to write the 1957 hit song "At the Hop".

Gamble and Huff
Kenneth Gamble (born August 11, 1943, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) and Leon A. Huff (born April 8, 1942, Camden, New Jersey) are an American songwriting and production duo credited for developing the Philadelphia soul music genre (also known as Philly sound) of the 1970s. In addition to forming their own label, Philadelphia International Records, Gamble and Huff have written and produced 175 gold and platinum records, earning them an induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in the non-performer category in March 2008.
Software bug
A software bug is a defect (bug) in computer software. A computer program with many or serious bugs may be described as buggy.

The effects of a software bug range from minor (such as a misspelled word in the user interface) to severe (such as frequent crashing).

In 2002, a study commissioned by the US Department of Commerce's National Institute of Standards and Technology concluded that "software bugs, or errors, are so prevalent and so detrimental that they cost the US economy an estimated $59 billion annually, or about 0.6 percent of the gross domestic product".

Since the 1950s, some computer systems have been designed to detect or auto-correct various software errors during operations.

Therac-25
The Therac-25 was a computer-controlled radiation therapy machine produced by Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL) in 1982 after the Therac-6 (neptune) and Therac-20 units (the earlier units had been produced in partnership with Compagnie générale de radiologie (CGR) of France).

The Therac-25 was involved in at least six accidents between 1985 and 1987, in which some patients were given massive overdoses of radiation.: 425  Because of concurrent programming errors (also known as race conditions), it sometimes gave its patients radiation doses that were hundreds of times greater than normal, resulting in death or serious injury. These accidents highlighted the dangers of software control of safety-critical systems.

The Therac-25 has become a case study in health informatics, software engineering, and computer ethics. The incidents highlight the dangers of engineer overconfidence: page428  after the engineers dismissed end user reports, leading to severe consequences.
Betsy Ross (character)
Betsy Ross is a character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by Joe Simon and Jack Kirby, the character first appeared in Captain America Comics #1 (March 1941). Betsy Ross is Captain America's early love interest and supporting character in American comic books published by Marvel Comics during the 1930-1940s period known to historians and collectors as the Golden Age of Comic Books. She then debuted as the superheroine Golden Girl in Captain America Comics #66 (April 1948).

First appearance
In comic books and other stories with a long history, first appearance refers to the first issue to feature a fictional character. These issues are often highly valued by collectors due to their rarity and iconic status.
1953 Italian Senate election in Lombardy
Lombardy elected its second delegation to the Italian Senate on June 7, 1953. This election was a part of national Italian general election of 1953 even if, according to the Italian Constitution, every senatorial challenge in each Region is a single and independent race.

The election was won by the centrist Christian Democracy, as it happened at national level. All Lombard provinces gave a majority or at least a plurality to the winning party.

Plurality (voting)
A plurality vote (in North American English) or relative majority (in British English) describes the circumstance when a party, candidate, or proposition polls more votes than any other but does not receive a majority or more than half of all votes cast.

For example, if from 100 votes that were cast,  45 were for candidate A, 30 were for candidate B and 25 were for candidate C, then candidate A received a plurality of votes but not a majority. In some election contests, the winning candidate or proposition may need only a plurality, depending on the rules of the organization holding the vote.
Geneva Barracks
Geneva Barracks (Irish: Beairic na Ginéive) in County Waterford, Ireland, was a barracks created in 1783 by converting a settlement which had been created for an 18th-century colony (New Geneva) of disaffected citizens of Geneva following the Geneva Revolution of 1782. Built near Passage East, the colony was commissioned by the Irish Parliament and approved by the Crown. After the Genevans abandoned their plans to settle in Waterford, the colony became a military barracks instead. During the Irish Rebellion of 1798, the barracks was transformed into a holding centre for captured United Irishmen rebels, many of whom were executed, transported or conscripted. Today, the only remains of New Geneva are its ruined walls in a grassy field.

Penal transportation
Penal transportation (or simply transportation) was the relocation of convicted criminals, or other persons regarded as undesirable, to a distant place, often a colony, for a specified term; later, specifically established penal colonies became their destination. While the prisoners may have been released once the sentences were served, they generally did not have the resources to return home.
S-Adenosylmethionine synthetase
S-Adenosylmethionine synthetase (EC 2.5.1.6), also known as methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT), is an enzyme that creates S-adenosylmethionine (also known as AdoMet, SAM or SAMe) by reacting methionine (a non-polar amino acid) and ATP (the basic currency of energy).

Protein domain
In molecular biology, a protein domain is a region of a protein's polypeptide chain that is self-stabilizing and that folds independently from the rest. Each domain forms a compact folded three-dimensional structure. Many proteins consist of several domains, and a domain may appear in a variety of different proteins. Molecular evolution uses domains as building blocks and these may be recombined in different arrangements to create proteins with different functions. In general, domains vary in length from between about 50 amino acids up to 250 amino acids in length. The shortest domains, such as zinc fingers, are stabilized by metal ions or disulfide bridges. Domains often form functional units, such as the calcium-binding EF hand domain of calmodulin. Because they are independently stable, domains can be "swapped" by genetic engineering between one protein and another to make chimeric proteins.
International Society for Plant Pathology
The International Society for Plant Pathology is a global nonprofit institution dedicated to “promoting world-wide plant health and food security.”  It was founded in 1968 and the first President of the society was the pioneer British plant pathologist, Ronald Karslake Starr Wood. The International Society for Plant Pathology is a member of the International Union of Biological Sciences (IUBS), the International Union of Microbiological Societies (IUMS), in liaison with the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).

International Union of Biological Sciences
The International Union of Biological Sciences  ( IUBS ) is a non-profit organization and non-governmental organization founded in 1919 that promotes biological sciences internationally. As a scientific umbrella organization, it was a founding member of the International Council for Science (ICSU).
Canton of Cagnes-sur-Mer-1
The canton of Cagnes-sur-Mer-1 is an administrative division of the Alpes-Maritimes department, southeastern France. It was created at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Cagnes-sur-Mer.

It consists of the following communes:

Cagnes-sur-Mer (partly)

Cagnes-sur-Mer
Cagnes-sur-Mer (French pronunciation: [kaɲ syʁ mɛʁ], literally Cagnes on Sea; Occitan: Canha de Mar) is a French Riviera town near Nice that is in the Alpes-Maritimes department, in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region, in southeastern France.
Wellsville, New York
Wellsville is a town and largest community in Allegany County, New York, United States. As of the 2020 census, the town had a population of 7,099.

Wellsville is centrally located in the south half of the county, 8 miles (13 km) north of the Pennsylvania border. Wellsville is also the name of the main village within this town. The village and the town have two separate, paid governments. Alfred State College maintains a branch campus in the town, with the main campus in Alfred 7 miles (11 km) east.

Alfred, New York
Alfred is a town in Allegany County, New York, United States. The population was 4,896 at the 2020 census.

The Town of Alfred has a village named Alfred in the center of the town.

Alfred University and Alfred State College are located in the Village of Alfred.
Xorn
Xorn is the alias of two fictional characters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. He first appeared in New X-Men Annual 2001 (September 2001). He was created by Grant Morrison and Frank Quitely. He is a mutant who has a miniature star residing in his head, which gives him the abilities of gravitational electromagnetism, self-sustenance, and healing. He is most commonly associated with the X-Men and Brotherhood of Mutants. Initially in the pages of New X-Men, he was revealed to be Magneto in disguise.  However, Excalibur established him as a separate character named Kuan-Yin Xorn and his brother Shen Zorn.

Excalibur (comic book)
Excalibur is the name of several superhero comic books published by Marvel Comics since 1988, generally featuring the team of the same name.

The first volumes ran for 125 issues, complemented by several one-shot special editions, between 1987 and 1998. The second was a four-issue limited series published in 2001, and the third an ongoing series printed from 2004 and 2005 before being relaunched as New Excalibur. While featuring some of the same characters and concepts, the second and third series did not centre on an Excalibur team. The 2019 series, complete with the return of the eponymous team, was revived as part of the Dawn of X X-Men relaunch.
Plume-toed swiftlet
The plume-toed swiftlet  (Collocalia affinis) is a small bird in the swift family Apodidae. It is found on some eastern Indian Ocean islands, the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and lowland Borneo.

Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It was previously considered a subspecies of the glossy swiftlet.

Swift (bird)
The Apodidae, or swifts, form a family of highly aerial birds. They are superficially similar to swallows, but are not closely related to any passerine species. Swifts are placed in the order Apodiformes along with hummingbirds. The treeswifts are closely related to the true swifts, but form a separate family, the Hemiprocnidae.

Resemblances between swifts and swallows are due to convergent evolution, reflecting similar life styles based on catching insects in flight.

The family name, Apodidae, is derived from the Greek ἄπους (ápous), meaning "footless", a reference to the small, weak legs of these most aerial of birds. The tradition of depicting swifts without feet continued into the Middle Ages, as seen in the heraldic martlet.
Euura venusta
Euura venusta is a species of sawfly belonging to the family Tenthredinidae (common sawflies). The larvae feed within the leaf-stalk (or petiole) of willows (Salix species) forming a gall. The sawfly was first described by Carl Gustav Alexander Brischke in 1883.

Gall
Galls (from the Latin galla, 'oak-apple') or cecidia (from the Greek kēkidion, anything gushing out) are a kind of swelling growth on the external tissues of plants. Plant galls are abnormal outgrowths of plant tissues, similar to benign tumors or warts in animals. They can be caused by various parasites, from viruses, fungi and bacteria, to other plants, insects and mites. Plant galls can be such highly organized structures that their cause can be determined without the actual agent being identified. This applies particularly to insect and mite plant galls. The study of plant galls is known as cecidology.
Force of Nature: The Dry 2
Force of Nature: The Dry 2 (titled on-screen as simply Force of Nature) is a 2024 Australian mystery thriller film written and directed by Robert Connolly. The film is a sequel to the 2020 film The Dry and is based on the 2017 novel Force of Nature by Jane Harper. It stars Eric Bana, reprising his role as Aaron Falk, alongside Anna Torv, Deborra-Lee Furness, Robin McLeavy, Sisi Stringer, Lucy Ansell, Jacqueline McKenzie, Tony Briggs, Jeremy Lindsay Taylor and Richard Roxburgh.

The film had its premiere in Melbourne on 21 January 2024. It was released in Australia by Roadshow Films on 8 February 2024.

Anna Torv
Anna Torv (born 7 June 1979) is an Australian actress. Her performance as Olivia Dunham in the Fox science fiction series Fringe (2008–2013) earned her four consecutive Saturn Awards for Best Actress on Television, a record for any performer. She portrayed psychologist Wendy Carr in the Netflix period crime drama Mindhunter (2017–2019) and Tess in the HBO post-apocalyptic drama series The Last of Us (2023). Her work on The Last of Us garnered her a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series. She is known in Australia for the ABC drama The Newsreader, for which she won two consecutive AACTA Awards. She stars in the Netflix drama series Territory, set in Australia's Northern Territory, which premiered in October 2024.
David Schapira
David Schatz Schapira (born February 17, 1980) is an American politician who has served as chief deputy superintendent of public instruction for the California Department of Education since 2025. He was the government relations director for the California School Employees Association from 2019 to 2024.

Schapira previously served from 2007 to 2013 as a member of the Arizona Senate, representing District 17, and served as Senate Minority Leader.

California School Employees Association
The California School Employees Association (CSEA) is the largest classified school employees labor union in the United States. CSEA represents a quarter million classified public school employees in California.

CSEA was formed in 1927 by a determined group of Oakland custodians who saw the need to gain protections for themselves and other classified employees. The CSEA has experienced longevity as a union and is an affiliated member of the AFL–CIO.
Truro LTC Open Tournament
The Truro LTC Open Tournament  was a late Victorian era grass court tennis tournament first staged on 24 September 1880. The tournament was organised by the Truro Lawn Tennis Club, and held on the cricket grounds, Truro, Cornwall, England. The tournament was held to at least 1888.

Truro
Truro (/ˈtrʊəroʊ/ ⓘ; Cornish: Truru) is a cathedral city and civil parish in Cornwall, England. It is the southernmost city in the United Kingdom, and lies 232 miles (373 km) west-south-west of London. It is Cornwall's county town, only city, and a centre for administration, leisure and shopping. At the 2021 census the population of the parish was 21,046 and the population of the built up area as defined by the Office for National Statistics (which included the Gloweth and Treliske areas in the neighbouring parish of Kenwyn) was 23,060.

Truro grew as a trade centre through its port and as a stannary town for tin mining. It was awarded city status in 1877 following the creation of the Diocese of Truro the previous year. Truro Cathedral was built between 1880 and 1910. Truro is home to Cornwall Council, the Royal Cornwall Museum, the Hall for Cornwall and Cornwall's Courts of Justice. People from Truro are called Truronians.