hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mike Hayden
John Michael Hayden (born March 16, 1944) is a retired American politician and veteran who served as the 41st governor of Kansas, from 1987 to 1991. He subsequently served as the Secretary of the Kansas Wildlife and Parks Department under Kansas governors Kathleen Sebelius and Mark Parkinson.

Mark Parkinson
Mark Vincent Parkinson (born June 24, 1957) is an American businessman and former politician serving as head of the American Health Care Association (AHCA) and National Center for Assisted Living (NCAL). He served as the 47th lieutenant governor of Kansas from 2007 to 2009 and the 45th governor of Kansas from 2009 until 2011. He was also a state legislator.
Natalya Estemirova
Natalya Khusainovna Estemirova (Russian: Наталья Хусаиновна Эстемирова, Chechen: Наталья Хусайнан йоI Эстемирова; 28 February 1958 – 15 July 2009) was a Russian human rights activist and board member of the Russian human rights organization Memorial. Estemirova was abducted by an unknown group of people on 15 July 2009 around 8:30 a.m. from her home in Grozny, Chechnya, as she was working on "extremely sensitive" cases of human rights abuses in Chechnya. Two witnesses reported they saw Estemirova being forced into a car shouting that she was being abducted. Her remains were later found with bullet wounds in the head and chest area at 4:30 p.m. in woodland 100 metres (330 ft) away from the federal road "Kavkaz" near the village of Gazi-Yurt, Ingushetia.

Robert Schuman Medal, EPP Group
Robert Schuman Medal named after Robert Schuman is awarded to several people annually by the European People's Party group in the European Parliament since July 1986 "to pay tribute to public figures who have advanced the cause of peace, the construction of Europe and human values through their public activities and personal commitment."
Dogs Leg Fjord
Dogs Leg Fjord is an inlet 6 nautical miles (11 km) long in an east-west direction and 1.5 nautical miles (3 km) wide, lying south of German Peninsula, directly east of Ridge Island and opening on Bourgeois Fjord, along the Fallières Coast on the west side of Graham Land, Antarctica. It was discovered by the British Graham Land Expedition, 1934–37, under John Rymill, and so named because of its shape.

Fallières Coast
The Fallières Coast is that portion of the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula between the head of Bourgeois Fjord and Cape Jeremy and lies on Marguerite Bay and the Wordie Ice Shelf. On the south it is joined by Rymill Coast, and in the north by Loubet Coast. Fallières Coast was first explored in January 1909 by the French Antarctic Expedition under J.B. Charcot, who named it for Armand Fallières, then President of France.
Population genomics
Population genomics is the large-scale comparison of DNA sequences of populations. Population genomics is a neologism that is associated with population genetics. Population genomics studies genome-wide effects to improve our understanding of microevolution so that we may learn the phylogenetic history and demography of a population.

Microevolution
Microevolution is the change in allele frequencies that occurs over time within a population. This change is due to four different processes: mutation, selection (natural and artificial), gene flow and genetic drift. This change happens over a relatively short (in evolutionary terms) amount of time compared to the changes termed macroevolution.

Population genetics is the branch of biology that provides the mathematical structure for the study of the process of microevolution. Ecological genetics concerns itself with observing microevolution in the wild. Typically, observable instances of evolution are examples of microevolution; for example, bacterial strains that have antibiotic resistance.

Microevolution provides the raw material for macroevolution.
Russification of Ukraine
The Russification of Ukraine (Ukrainian: русифікація України or зросійщення України; Russian: русификация Украины) was a system of measures, actions and legislations undertaken by the Imperial Russian, later Soviet, and present-day authorities of the Russian Federation to strengthen Russian national, political and linguistic positions in Ukraine.

Like in other countries of Eastern Europe historically ruled by Russian political regimes, Russification in Ukraine aims to assimilate the local population and has been conducted through a wide array of measures, including introduction of Russian language in school education and state institutions, promotion of mixed marriages, ideological, political and cultural indoctrination, displacement of population etc.

Southern Ukraine
Southern Ukraine (Ukrainian: Південна Україна, romanized: Pivdenna Ukraina, IPA: [piu̯ˈdɛnːɐ ʊkrɐˈjinɐ]) refers, generally, to the territories in the South of Ukraine.

The territory usually corresponds with the Soviet economical district, the Southern Economical District of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. The region is completely integrated with a marine and shipbuilding industry.

Southern Ukraine was invaded by the Russian military on February 24, 2022, turning parts of the region into a major theatre of the Russo-Ukrainian War.
Konstantin Bogaevsky
Konstantin Fyodorovich Bogaevsky (Ukrainian: Костянти́н Фе́дорович Богає́вський, romanized: Kostiantyn Fedorovych Bohaievskyi; Russian: Константин Фёдорович Богаевский, romanized: Konstantin Fyodorovich Bogayevsky 24 January [O.S. 12 January] 1872 – 17 February 1943) was a Ukrainian and Russian painter from Crimea, notable for his Symbolist landscapes.

Andrea Mantegna
Andrea Mantegna (UK: /mænˈtɛnjə/, US: /mɑːnˈteɪnjə/; Italian: [anˈdrɛːa manˈteɲɲa]; c. 1431 – September 13, 1506) was an Italian Renaissance painter, a student of Roman archaeology, and the son-in-law of Jacopo Bellini.

Like other artists of the time, Mantegna experimented with perspective, e.g. by lowering the horizon in order to create a sense of greater monumentality. His flinty, metallic landscapes, and somewhat stony figures give evidence of a fundamentally sculptural approach to painting. He also led a workshop that was the leading producer of prints in Venice before 1500.
Lisboa VR
Lisboa, until 2009 named Estremadura, is a Portuguese wine region covering the same areas as the Estremadura region, and taking its name from the country's capital. The region is classified as a Vinho Regional (VR), a designation similar to a French vin de pays region. While the Beiras and Alentejo VRs are largest geographically, the Lisboa region is Portugal's largest producer of wine by volume. The region stretches from Lisbon along the Atlantic coast to the Bairrada DOC.

In early 2009, the region was renamed from Estremadura to Lisboa to avoid confusion with the Spanish wine region Extremadura and to capitalize on the internationally well-known name of the country's capital.

Alentejo wine
Alentejo (Vinho do Alentejo, Alentejo wines) is a Portuguese wine region from the Alentejo region. The entire region is entitled to use the Vinho Regional designation Alentejano VR, while some areas are also classified at the higher Denominação de Origem Controlada (DOC) level under the designation Alentejo DOC. VR is similar to the French vin de pays and DOC to the French AOC. In the southern half of Portugal, the Alentejo region covers about a third of the country and is sparsely populated. In 2005, South Oregon University scientist Gregory V. Jones identified Alentejo ("southern Portugal" in his words) as the world's most challenged wine region (out of 27 world wine regions) from a climate change perspective. The region is noted for it vast cork production but has in recent years garnered attention for its table wine production. Some producers of this region still make wine in great pottery vessels, as in Roman times.
Ben Bathurst
Lieutenant-General Sir Benjamin John Bathurst, KCVO, CBE (born 15 April 1964) is a retired senior British Army officer. He is currently serving as Governor of Gibraltar, having replaced Sir David Steel in June 2024.

David Steel (Royal Navy officer)
Vice Admiral Sir David George Steel, KBE, KStJ, DL (born 6 April 1961) is a retired senior Royal Navy officer who served as Second Sea Lord between 2012 and 2015. He served as Governor of Gibraltar from 2020 to 2024.
Chinese noble titles in the imperial period
During imperial China (221 BCE–1911 CE), a wide variety of noble titles were granted. Some of these were hereditary; an overlapping subset were honorary.

At the beginning of imperial China, the administration of territory was growing out of the older fengjian system, and the central government asserting more control over the old aristocracy. The emperor, as sovereign, held the power to grant noble titles and to enfeoff vassals.

Western Liang (Sixteen Kingdoms)
Liang, known in historiography as the  Western Liang (traditional Chinese: 西涼; simplified Chinese: 西凉; pinyin: Xī Liáng; 400–421), was a dynastic state of China listed as one of the Sixteen Kingdoms. The Western Liang was founded by the Li family of Han descent. The founder of the Tang dynasty, Li Yuan (Emperor Gaozu), traced his patrilineal ancestry to the Western Liang rulers and traced the ancestry of the Western Liang rulers to Li Guang, Li Xin, and Laozi in the paternal line. The ruling Li clan of the Western Liang was known as the Longxi Li lineage (隴西李氏).

All of Western Liang's rulers declared themselves as gōngs (公), which is translated to "Dukes". Their territory encompassed modern-day northwestern Gansu, and for this reason, they were given the prefix of "Western" in historiography to distinguish them with the other Liang states at the time.
1957 Rice Owls football team
The 1957 Rice Owls football team represented Rice Institute during the 1957 college football season. The Owls were led by 18th-year head coach Jess Neely and played their home games at Rice Stadium in Houston, Texas. They competed as members of the Southwest Conference, winning the conference with a conference record of 5–1. After two consecutive losing seasons in 1955 and 1956, Rice bounced back to finish the 1957 regular season with a record of 7–3. They won the last four games of the regular season, including a victory over the undefeated and number one-ranked Texas A&M Aggies, coached by Bear Bryant. The Owls were ranked eighth in the final AP Poll and seventh in the final Coaches Poll, which were conducted before bowl season. Rice was invited to the 1958 Cotton Bowl Classic, held on New Year's Day, where they were defeated by fifth-ranked Navy.

The season-opening victory vs. 1957 is the Owls' most recent at Tiger Stadium. Rice is 0–14–1 in Baton Rouge, Louisiana since.

1957 Texas A&M Aggies football team
The 1957 Texas A&M Aggies football team represented Texas A&M University in the 1957 college football season. The Aggies offense scored 158 points while the defense allowed 50 points. Led by head coach Bear Bryant, the Aggies competed in the Gator Bowl. Bryant notably departed for Alabama the following season.
2009 Legends Tour
The 2009 Legends Tour was a series of professional golf tour events for women aged 45 and older sanctioned by the Legends Tour. Based in the United States, it is an offshoot of the main U.S.-based women's tour, the LPGA Tour. The tour was founded in 2001, and is intended to allow women to prolong their competitive golf careers on the model of the successful Champions Tour for men.

Legends Tour
The Legends of the LPGA, formerly known as the Women's Senior Golf Tour (2000–2005) and the Legends Tour (2006–2021), is a professional golf tour for women aged 45 and older. It is based in the United States and is the official senior tour of the LPGA Tour. The tour was founded in 2000, and is intended to allow women to prolong their competitive golf careers on the model of the PGA Tour Champions for men.
2016 Wellington mayoral election
The 2016 Wellington mayoral election was part of the New Zealand local elections and was held on 8 October to determine the next mayor of Wellington. The incumbent was Celia Wade-Brown, who was first elected in the 2010 mayoral election. Wade-Brown did not seek re-election. Her title was pursued by her deputy, Justin Lester, councillors Jo Coughlan, Andy Foster, Helene Ritchie and Nicola Young, former mayor of Porirua City Nick Leggett, and independent candidates Keith Johnson and Johnny Overton.

Lester won the election becoming the 35th Mayor of Wellington, Leggett came second and Coughlan third.

2016 New Zealand local elections
The 2016 New Zealand local elections (Māori: Nga Pōtitanga ā-Rohe 2016) were triennial elections that were held from September until 8 October 2016 to elect local mayors and councillors, regional councillors, and members of various other local government bodies.

10 of New Zealand's 11 regions and all 67 cities and districts participated in the election.
Jaqhi Qala
Jaqhi Qala (Aymara jaqhi precipice, cliff, qala stone, "cliff stone", also spelled Jakke Jala) is a mountain in the Andes of Bolivia which reaches a height of approximately 5,000 m (16,000 ft). It is located in the Oruro Department, at the border of the Challapata Province, Challapata Municipality, and the Sebastián Pagador Province which is identical to the Santiago de Huari Municipality. Jaqhi Qala lies southwest of Phullu Qiri, northwest of Sirk'i and south of Chumpiri (5,048 m (16,562 ft)). The Jach'a Qala River originates at the mountain. It flows to the south.

Sirk'i (Oruro)
Sirk'i (Aymara for wart, also spelled Serkhe) is a 4,962-metre-high (16,280 ft) mountain in the Andes of Bolivia east of Poopó Lake. It is located in the Oruro Department, Sebastián Pagador Province, which is identical to the Santiago de Huari Municipality. Sirk'i lies northwest of  Chullpiri and east of Wila Sirka.

The Jach'a Qala River ("big stone", also spelled Jachcha Khala) originates northwest of the mountain. It flows to the south.
Osun State College of Health Technology, Ilesa
The Osun State College of Health Technology, Ilesa is a State owned professional and multi disciplinary tertiary training institution located in Ilesa town in Ilesa West Local Government Area, Osun State. The college is regulated by the National Board for Technical Education NBTE and Osun State  Ministry  of  Education from which it has full accreditation, as of 2020, under the Osun State House of Assembly (Establishment) Law of 2020.

National Board for Technical Education
The National Board for Technical Education, otherwise known as NBTE, is a Nigerian board of education which supervises, regulates and oversees educational programmes offered by technical institutions at secondary, polytechnic and monotechnic levels through an accreditation process. It was established by Act No 9 of 11 July 1977 with the aim of "providing standardised minimum guide curricula for Technical and Vocational Education and Training".

The National Board for Technical Education (NBTE) has granted approval to the Federal Polytechnic, Ede, for the commencement of Open and Distance Flexible E-Learning.
Ropshitz (Hasidic dynasty)
Ropshitz (Yiddish: ראָפשיץ‎, Hebrew: רופשיץ‎) is the name of a Hasidic dynasty, or rabbinical family and group, who are descendants of Rabbi Naftali Zvi of Ropshitz (1760–1827). Ropshitz is the name of a town in southern Poland, known in Polish as Ropczyce.

Several contemporary rebbes are styled "Ropshitzer Rebbe", in reference to the Ropshitz dynasty: Rebbe Chaim Rubin, Ropshitzer Rebbe of Borough Park, Brooklyn, New York (see Ropshitz branch below), and others.

Oradea
Oradea (UK: /ɒˈrɑːdiə/, US: /ɔːˈr-, -djɑː/, Romanian: [oˈrade̯a]; Hungarian: Nagyvárad [ˈnɒɟvaːrɒd]; German: Großwardein [ˌɡʁoːsvaʁˈdaɪn]) is the capital of the Crișana region in Romania. It serves as the administrative centre of Bihor County. The city is situated on both banks of the Crișul Repede River.

As of 2021, Oradea is Romania's ninth most populous city. It is located approximately 10 km (6.2 mi) from the Hungarian border. The municipality covers 11,556 hectares (28,560 acres) and lies between the Apuseni Mountains and the Crișana-Banat plain.

The Oradea Fortress is a historic fortification located within the city, whose origins date back to the 11th century when it served as an episcopal residence and religious centre. Throughout the Middle Ages, the fortress played a strategic role in the border region between Central and Eastern Europe.

The city features Art Nouveau architecture, and is a member of both the Réseau Art Nouveau Network and the Art Nouveau European Route.
2020 PDC World Youth Championship
The 2020 PDC Unicorn World Youth Championship was the tenth edition of the PDC World Youth Championship, a tournament organised by the Professional Darts Corporation for darts players aged between 16 and 23.

The group stage and knock-out phase from the last 32 to the semi-finals were played at Metrodome, Barnsley, on 28 September 2020. The final took place on 29 November 2020 at the Ricoh Arena, Coventry, before the final of the 2020 Players Championship Finals.

England's Luke Humphries was the reigning champion after defeating Adam Gawlas of the Czech Republic 6–0 in the 2019 final, but he was unable to defend his title, as he was over the age limit.

England's Bradley Brooks won the title after defeating compatriot Joe Davis 6–5 in the final.

2019 PDC World Youth Championship
The 2019 PDC Unicorn World Youth Championship was the ninth edition of the PDC World Youth Championship, a tournament organised by the Professional Darts Corporation for darts players aged between 16 and 23.

The group stage and knock-out phase from the last 32 to the semi-finals were played at Robin Park Centre, Wigan, on 4 November 2019. The final took place on 24 November 2019 at Butlin's Minehead, before the final of the 2019 Players Championship Finals.

Belgium's Dimitri Van den Bergh was the two-time defending champion after defeating Martin Schindler of Germany 6–3 in the 2018 final, but he was unable to defend his title, as he was over the age limit.

Luke Humphries won the tournament for the first time with a 6–0 win over Adam Gawlas in the final.
John E. Potter
John E. "Jack" Potter (born 1956) is the president and CEO of the Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority since July 18, 2011. He is the former United States Postmaster General and CEO of the United States Postal Service (USPS), having become the 72nd postmaster general on June 1, 2001. Potter is the second longest-serving postmaster general, following Gideon Granger.

United States Postmaster General
The United States postmaster general (PMG) is the chief executive officer of the United States Postal Service (USPS). The PMG is responsible for managing and directing the day-to-day operations of the agency.

The PMG is selected and appointed by the Board of Governors of the Postal Service, which is appointed by the president. The postmaster general then also sits on the board. The PMG does not serve at the president's pleasure and can only be dismissed by the Board of Governors. The appointment of the postmaster general does not require Senate confirmation. The governors and the postmaster general elect the deputy postmaster general.

The current postmaster general is David Steiner, who has served in the role since July 14, 2025.
Connecticut's 2nd congressional district
Connecticut's 2nd congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Connecticut. Located in the eastern part of the state, the district includes all of New London County, Tolland County, and Windham County, along with parts of Hartford, Middlesex, and New Haven counties. Principal cities include Enfield, Norwich, New London, and Groton.

The district is currently represented by Democrat Joe Courtney. With a Cook Partisan Voting Index rating of D+4, it is one of the least Democratic districts in Connecticut, a state with an all-Democratic congressional delegation.

Hartford County, Connecticut
Hartford County is a county located in the north central part of the U.S. state of Connecticut. According to the 2020 census, the population was 899,498, making it the second-most populous county in Connecticut. Hartford County contains the city of Hartford, the state capital of Connecticut and the county's most populous city, with 121,054 residents at the 2020 census. Hartford County is included in the Hartford-East Hartford-Middletown metropolitan statistical area.

On June 6, 2022, the U.S. Census Bureau formally recognized Connecticut's nine councils of governments as county equivalents instead of the state's eight counties. Connecticut's county governments were disbanded in 1960, and the councils of governments took over some of the local governmental functions. Connecticut's eight historical counties continue to exist in name only, and are no longer considered for statistical purposes.
History of the Indonesia national football team
The history of the Indonesia national football team officially dates back to their first international in 1934. The Football Association of Indonesia (PSSI), which governs the team. Prior to Indonesian independence, in the period 1921–1945, the national team used the name Dutch East Indies and was organized by the Dutch East Indies Football Union (NIVU). The team later became a member of the football international governing bodies FIFA in 1928 and participated at the 1938 FIFA World Cup in France as the first Asian country to qualify for the final round of the competition. After the country gained independence, they then rejoined FIFA in 1952 and co-founded AFC in 1954. As of August 2024, Indonesia has qualified for the FIFA World Cup once and the AFC Asian Cups six times (including automatic qualification as co-hosts in 2007).

United Arab Emirates national football team
The United Arab Emirates national football team (Arabic: منتخب الإمَارَاتُ الْعَرَبِيَّةُ الْمُتَّحِدَة لِكُرَّةُ الْقَدَم) represents United Arab Emirates in men's international football and serves under the auspices of the country's Football Association.

It has made one FIFA World Cup appearance in 1990 in Italy and lost all three of its games. United Arab Emirates took fourth place in the 1992 AFC Asian Cup and runner-up in 1996 as host. It won the Arabian Gulf Cup in 2007 and 2013. It finished third in the 2015 AFC Asian Cup and hosted the 2019 edition in which it was eliminated in the semi-finals.
Richard Bensel
Richard Franklin Bensel (born 1949) is a professor of American politics at Cornell University. Bensel has attempted to bridge the gap between American economic and political history, with an eye toward comparative implications. Bensel is best known as a scholar of political economy.

Rational choice model
Rational choice modeling refers to the use of decision theory (the theory of rational choice) as a set of guidelines to help understand economic and social behavior. The theory tries to approximate, predict, or mathematically model human behavior by analyzing the behavior of a rational actor facing the same costs and benefits.

Rational choice models are most closely associated with economics, where mathematical analysis of behavior is standard. However, they are widely used throughout the social sciences, and are commonly applied to cognitive science, criminology, political science, and sociology.