hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sidney S. Alexander
Sidney Stuart Alexander (May 3, 1916 – February 19, 2005) was an American economist who was associated with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Alexander graduated summa cum laude from Harvard College in 1936. Continuing at Harvard University, he received a master's degree in 1938 and a doctorate in 1946.

Robert M Solow lists him among his teachers saying "The Harvard of my time taught statistics scandalously badly. I would hardly have known what I was missing if Sidney Alexander, filling in for a couple of weeks as lecturer in the graduate course in economic statistics, had not lifted the curtain and let the class peek at the real thing".

During World War II, Alexander served as a director of research in the Office of Strategic Services (OSS).

From 1956 until his retirement, Alexander taught at MIT, in both the MIT Sloan School of Management and the Economics Department.

Robert Solow
Robert Merton Solow, GCIH (/ˈsoʊloʊ/; August 23, 1924 – December 21, 2023) was an American economist known for his studies of economic growth and the development of the Solow–Swan model, for which he won the 1987 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences.

He was Institute Professor Emeritus of Economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he was a professor from 1949 on. He was awarded the John Bates Clark Medal in 1961, the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1987, and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2014. Four of his PhD students, George Akerlof, Joseph Stiglitz, Peter Diamond, and William Nordhaus, later received Nobel Memorial Prizes in Economic Sciences in their own right.
Town of Laidley
The Town of Laidley is a former local government area comprising the town of Laidley in  the Lockyer Valley area between the cities Ipswich and Toowoomba in Queensland, Australia. It existed between 1902 and 1917.

Shire of Laidley
The Shire of Laidley was a local government area located in the Lockyer Valley region between the cities of Toowoomba and Ipswich, and about 70 kilometres (43 mi) west of Brisbane, the state capital of Queensland, Australia. The shire covered an area of 700.6 square kilometres (270.5 sq mi), and existed from 1888 until its merger with the Shire of Gatton to form the Lockyer Valley Region on 15 March 2008.
Ogok-bap
Ogok-bap (Korean: 오곡밥) or five-grain rice is a bap made of glutinous rice mixed with proso millet, sorghum, black beans, and red beans. It is one of the most representative dishes of Daeboreum, the first full moon of the year in the Korean lunar calendar. In the past, the custom of eating ogokbap with boreum-namul (vegetables) and bureom (nuts) on this day helped people replenish nutrients that have been lost during the winter months, when food was scarce. Today, ogokbap is still enjoyed by Koreans for its nutritional and health benefits. It is a common diet food, and an increasing number of people replace their daily white rice with ogokbap, due to a rise in lifestyle diseases like high blood pressure, diabetes, and angina.

Adzuki bean
Vigna angularis, also known as the adzuki bean (Japanese: 小豆, Hepburn: azuki), azuki bean, aduki bean, red bean, or red mung bean, is an annual vine widely cultivated throughout East Asia for its small (approximately 5 mm or 1⁄4 in long) bean. The cultivars most familiar in East Asia have a uniform red color, but there are white, black, gray, and variously mottled varieties.

Scientists presume Vigna angularis var. nipponensis is the progenitor.
North Somerset Council
North Somerset Council is the local authority of North Somerset, a local government district in the ceremonial county of Somerset, England. The council is a unitary authority, being a district council which also performs the functions of a county council.

The council has been under no  overall control since 2019. It is based at Weston-super-Mare Town Hall.

North Somerset
North Somerset is a unitary authority in the ceremonial county of Somerset, England. The council is based in Weston-super-Mare, the area's largest town. The district also contains the towns of Clevedon, Nailsea and Portishead, along with a number of villages and surrounding rural areas. Some southern parts of the district fall within the Mendip Hills, a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

The district was formed in 1974 as the Woodspring district of the county of Avon. Avon was abolished in 1996, when the district was renamed North Somerset and its council took on county-level functions from the abolished county council.

The district is on the coast, facing the Bristol Channel to the west. The neighbouring districts are Bristol, Bath and North East Somerset and Somerset.
Loverwatch
Loverwatch is a 2023 dating sim visual novel developed by Blizzard Entertainment and Psyop and published by Blizzard Entertainment. A parody of Blizzard's own Overwatch franchise, the game was released as a browser game.

Overwatch 2
Overwatch 2, rebranded in February 2026 as simply Overwatch, is a 2023 American first-person shooter video game by Blizzard Entertainment. As a sequel and replacement to the 2016 hero shooter Overwatch, the game includes new game modes and a reduction in team size from six to five. The game is free-to-play on Nintendo Switch,  Nintendo Switch 2, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Windows, Xbox One, and Xbox Series X/S and features full cross-platform play. Overwatch 2 was announced in 2019; it released in early access in October 2022 before officially releasing in August 2023. The game was planned to feature more story-based cooperative modes, but these were scrapped in 2023 to focus on its player versus player (PvP) elements. The rename in February 2026 shifted towards making Overwatch a forever game and a renewed focus on the narrative elements tied with new heroes and seasonal content. Overwatch 2 received generally favorable reviews from critics.
Regulation of flamethrowers in the United States
In the United States, flamethrowers are broadly legal for personal ownership and use. California requires a permit for the possession of a flamethrower, and only Maryland has outright banned their ownership and use. No federal laws exist regarding flamethrowers, as they are not defined as weapons under the National Firearms Act. The United States is a signatory of the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons, protocol III of which limits military use of flamethrowers; this does not extend to civilian use.

Beginning in 2015, several companies began selling flamethrowers to civilians. This brought increased interest in their regulation, with unsuccessful attempts to regulate flamethrowers at both the federal and state level as of 2022. Proponents of regulation have highlighted the potential dangers of civilian use of flamethrowers, while opponents have identified legitimate uses and pointed to the nearly nonexistent record of flamethrower incidents in the United States.

Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons
The United Nations Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW or CCWC), concluded at Geneva on October 10, 1980, and entered into force in December 1983, seeks to prohibit or restrict the use of certain conventional weapons which are considered excessively injurious or whose effects are indiscriminate. The full title is Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects. The convention covers land mines, booby traps, incendiary devices, blinding laser weapons and clearance of explosive remnants of war.
Tom Sturridge
Thomas Sidney Jerome Sturridge (born 5 December 1985) is an English actor. His early films include Being Julia (2004), Like Minds (2006), and The Boat That Rocked (2009). He was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play for his performances in Orphans (2013) and Sea Wall/A Life (2019). He was nominated for the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role in 2016 for his performance in a West End revival of the play  American Buffalo. Sturridge has starred as Dream in the Netflix fantasy series The Sandman (2022–2025).

Being Julia
Being Julia is a 2004 comedy-drama film directed by István Szabó and starring Annette Bening and Jeremy Irons. The screenplay by Ronald Harwood is based on the novel Theatre (1937) by W. Somerset Maugham. The original film score was composed by Mychael Danna.
Vocational Agriculture Building
Vista House is a museum at Crown Point in Multnomah County, Oregon, that also serves as a memorial to Oregon pioneers and as a comfort station for travelers on the Historic Columbia River Highway. The site, situated on a rocky promontory, is 733 feet (223 m) above the Columbia River on the south side of the Columbia River Gorge. The octagonal stone building was designed by Edgar M. Lazarus in the style of Art Nouveau, and completed in 1918 after nearly two years of construction.

In 2000, restoration on the building began, and lasted five years. The Vista House is located within the Corbett locality, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Vista House is a popular place for viewing the aurora borealis.

Crown Point (Oregon)
Crown Point (also known historically as Thor's Heights or Thor's Crown) is a basalt promontory on the Columbia River Gorge and an associated state park in the U.S. state of Oregon. It is located in eastern Multnomah County, approximately 15 miles (24 km) east of Portland. Crown Point is one of the scenic lookouts along the Historic Columbia River Highway, providing a panoramic view of part of the Columbia River. It stands 733 feet (223 m) above the river and is the remains of a lava flow that filled the ancestral channel of the Columbia River 14 to 17 million years ago. The Point was designated a National Natural Landmark in 1971.
Cheshire, Connecticut
Cheshire (/ˈtʃɛʃər/ CHEH-shurr), is a town in New Haven County, Connecticut, United States. At the time of the 2020 census, the population of Cheshire was 28,733. The town is part of the Naugatuck Valley Planning Region. The center of population of Connecticut is located in Cheshire.

Wallingford, Connecticut
Wallingford is a town in New Haven County, Connecticut, United States, centrally located between New Haven and Hartford, and Boston and New York City. The town is part of the South Central Connecticut Planning Region and the New York Metropolitan Area. The population was 44,396 at the 2020 census. The community was named after Wallingford, in England.
Stevie Grieve
Stevie Grieve (born 31 December 1986) is a Scottish football manager, currently in charge of Superettan club Helsingborgs IF. Having never played football professionally, he was described by the BBC Sport as the person who "has a wealth of experience in scouting and analysis."

Superettan
Superettan (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈsʉ̂ːpɛrˌɛtːan]; lit. 'the Super First (Division)') is an association football league and the second highest league in the league system of Swedish men's football. Contested by 16 clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with Allsvenskan and Division 1. Seasons run from April to October, with teams playing 30 matches each, totalling 240 matches in the season.

The league was created in 2000. The second tier of Swedish football had previously consisted of a varying number of regionalized leagues operating under the Division 2 (1924–1986) and Division 1 (1987–1999) names.
Bad Piggies
Bad Piggies is a 2012 puzzle video game developed by Rovio Entertainment. A spinoff in the Angry Birds series, it revolves around the villainous green pigs rather than the birds. It has the player build custom vehicles using various objects to guide a pig to the finish line, with optional additional goals being achievable by applying alternate strategies. Bad Piggies was initially released on September 27, 2012, being ported to numerous mobile devices and personal computers. It received mostly positive reception from critics, and a sequel was soft launched in 2023.

Soft launch
A soft launch, also known as a soft opening, is a preview release of a product or service to a limited audience prior to the general public. Soft-launching a product is sometimes used to gather data or customer feedback, prior to making it widely available during an official release or grand opening. A company may also choose a soft launch to test the functionality of a product, allowing adjustments to be made before a wider release and marketing efforts are implemented.
Inside Job (2021 TV series)
Inside Job (stylized in lowercase) is an American adult animated science fiction sitcom created by Shion Takeuchi for Netflix. The series premiered on October 22, 2021. Takeuchi, a former Gravity Falls writer, acts as showrunner and is an executive producer alongside Gravity Falls creator Alex Hirsch and BoJack Horseman director Mike Hollingsworth.

The series received positive reviews for its writing, humor, animation, voice acting and social commentary. The series' ten-episode first part was released on October 22, 2021, with an eight-episode second part released the following year on November 18, 2022. In June 2022, the series was renewed for a second season consisting of 20 episodes; however, in January 2023, Takeuchi announced that Netflix had cancelled the series following the release of Part 2, ending it with a cliffhanger.

Adult animation
Adult animation is animation in the form of films and television series that is catered specifically to general interests and is mainly targeted and marketed towards teenagers, young adults, and mature audiences as opposed to children or all-ages audiences.
Michiel Hoogeveen
Michiel Pieter Hoogeveen (born 6 July 1989) is a Dutch politician serving as a member of the House of Representatives, representing the conservative JA21 party. A member of JA21 since 2020, he previously served in the European Parliament from 2021 to 2024 as part of the European Conservatives and Reformists Group. Before that, he was a member of the States of South Holland from 2019 to 2021 for Forum for Democracy (FVD). Hoogeveen began his career in the financial sector and also worked as a freelance researcher on North Korea.

Provincial Council of South Holland
The Provincial Council of South Holland (Dutch: Provinciale Staten van Zuid-Holland), also known as the States of South Holland, is the provincial council of South Holland, Netherlands. It forms the legislative body of the province. Its 55 seats are distributed every four years in provincial elections.
Elizabeth Hazelton Haight
Elizabeth Hazelton "Hazel" Haight (February 11, 1872 – November 15, 1964) was an American classical scholar and academic who specialised in Latin teaching. She spent most of her career working for Vassar College in Poughkeepsie, New York. Haight was the second female president of the American Philological Association, and first woman to chair the Advisory Council of the American School of Classical Studies at Rome. She published eleven books in the field of Classics, as well as histories of Vassar and James Monroe Taylor. Her works focused on Latin Literature and the Greek novel, before she began the study of symbolism in Latin literature in her final publications. She was involved in Vassar's war efforts during World War I, and supporting foreign scholars during World War II, and was consistently interested in promoting women's education as a force for good in American society.

Society for Classical Studies
The Society for Classical Studies (SCS), formerly known as the American Philological Association (APA), is a non-profit North American scholarly organization devoted to all aspects of Greek and Roman civilization founded in 1869. It is the preeminent association in the field and publishes a journal, Transactions of the American Philological Association (TAPA). 
The SCS is currently based at New York University.
FBI: Most Wanted season 2
The second season of American crime drama series FBI: Most Wanted premiered on November 17, 2020 and concluded on May 25, 2021 on CBS with a total of 15 episodes. The season marked the departure of Nathaniel Arcand as Clinton Skye, the introduction of Miguel Gomez as Ivan Ortiz and YaYa Gosselin as Tali LaCroix join as the main cast.

Miguel Gomez (actor)
Miguel Gomez (also known as Aztek Escobar; born August 20, 1985) is a Colombian-American actor and rapper. Escobar was the first artist officially signed to Jay-Z's Roc-La-Familia label. From 2021 to 2022, he starred as Ivan Ortiz on CBS crime drama series FBI: Most Wanted.
Christine Traurig
Christine Traurig (born 13 March 1957) is an American equestrian. She was born in Nienburg, Lower Saxony, Germany.  She won a bronze medal in team dressage at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, together with Robert Dover, Susan Blinks and Guenter Seidel.

Susan Blinks
Susan M. "Sue" Blinks (born October 5, 1957) is an American dressage rider and trainer. She was best known for riding her Olympic Grand Prix mount Flim Flam. Having represented the United States in an Olympics and two World Equestrian Games, she helped the US Team earn an Olympic bronze medal in Sydney, Australia and competed in the 1998
and 2002 World Equestrian Games.

Blinks spent her teens training with Marianne Ludwig. She worked as Equestrian Director at the University of Massachusetts and later trained with Walter Christenson in Germany. She also trained with Isabell Werth and Uwe Schulten-Baumer in Germany.

Until 2016, Sue resided in San Diego, CA, riding for Leatherdale Farm. She has since relocated to Florida, where she continues riding and training.
Anton Jivaev
Anton Jivaev (born 1976) is a Russian violist who made an international career as orchestra player, chamber musician and soloist. From 2012, he has been violist of the Gewandhaus Orchestra in Leipzig, and from 2015 violist of the Gewandhaus Quartet.

Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra
The Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra (Gewandhausorchester; also previously known in German as the Gewandhausorchester Leipzig) is a German symphony orchestra based in Leipzig, Germany.  The orchestra is named after the concert hall in which it is based, the Gewandhaus ("Garment House").  In addition to its concert duties, the orchestra also performs frequently in the Thomaskirche and as the official opera orchestra of the Leipzig Opera.
Amanmašša
Amanmašša is the name of an Egyptian official, but probably two separate officials (?), in the 1350–1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence. The Egyptian form of his name is Amenmose, which means "Amun-born".

Amanmašša is only referenced in two letters of the Byblos sub-corpus of Rib-Hadda, EA 113 and 114; EA is for 'el Amarna'. Both letters have depth, (are complex) and reference Yapa-Hadda of Biruta-(Beirut) and involve: ships, control of grain for food, war, desertion of Rib-Hadda people-(citizens of Gubla-Byblos), etc.

Amarna letter EA 114 has the distinction of being the only letter of the 382–Amarna letter correspondence referencing Alashiya/Cyprus-(and concerning Amanmašša), besides the letters EA 34–EA 40 that are from Alashiya, and the unnamed "King of Alashiya".

Amarna
Amarna (/əˈmɑːrnə/; Arabic: العمارنة, romanized: al-ʿAmārna) is an extensive ancient Egyptian archaeological site containing the ruins of Akhetaten, the capital city during the late Eighteenth Dynasty. The city was established in 1346 BC, built at the direction of the Pharaoh Akhenaten, and abandoned shortly after his death in 1332 BC.

The site is on the east bank of the Nile River, in what today is the Egyptian province of Minya. It is about 58 km (36 mi) south of the city of al-Minya, 312 km (194 mi) south of the Egyptian capital, Cairo, and 402 km (250 mi) north of Luxor (site of the previous capital, Thebes). The city of Deir Mawas lies directly to its west. On the east side of Amarna there are several modern villages, the chief of which are l-Till in the north and el-Hagg Qandil in the south.

Activity in the region flourished from the Amarna Period until the later Roman era.
Transformation (short story)
Transformation is a short story written by Mary Shelley and first published in 1831 for The Keepsake. Guido, the narrator, tells the story of his encounter with a strange, misshapen creature when he was a young man living in Genoa, Italy, around the turn of the fifteenth century. He makes a deal with the creature to exchange bodies, but the creature does not reappear at the appointed time to take his own body back. Guido discovers that the creature is pretending to be him, kills it and therefore 'himself', and eventually awakens in his own body.

The Keepsake
The Keepsake was an English literary annual which ran from 1828 to 1857, published each Christmas from 1827 to 1856, for perusal during the year of the title. Like other literary annuals, The Keepsake was an anthology of short fiction, poetry, essays, and engraved illustrations. It was a gift book designed to appeal to young women, and was distinctive for its binding of scarlet dress silk and the quality of its illustrations. Although the literature in The Keepsake and other annuals is often regarded as second-rate, many of the contributors to The Keepsake are canonical authors of the Romantic period.
San Gabriel Unified School District
San Gabriel Unified School District, also known as SGUSD, is a public school district that serves the community of San Gabriel, California. It is located in the San Gabriel Valley area. SGUSD separated itself from the Alhambra Unified School District. This is a rather small district which has only one middle school and one high school. Del Mar High is a continuation school which provides service to the students who have discipline and/or grade problems or are behind credits to graduation.

The district includes most of San Gabriel as well as sections of Rosemead, East San Gabriel, and Temple City.

Alhambra Unified School District
The Alhambra Unified School District is a school district based in Alhambra, California.

For grades K-12 AUSD serves the city of Alhambra and most of the city of Monterey Park. For grades 9-12 only it includes additional parts of Monterey Park and parts of the cities of San Gabriel and Rosemead as well as a section of South San Gabriel. District headquarters is located at 1515 W. Mission Road, Alhambra, California 91803.
Giacomo Roppa
Giacomo Roppa was an Italian operatic tenor who was active career in Italy's most important opera houses from the 1830s through the 1850s. He also made appearances at the Liceu in Spain. He is best remembered for creating the role of Jacopo Foscari in the world premiere of Giuseppe Verdi's I due Foscari in 1844.

I due Foscari
I due Foscari (The Two Foscari) is an opera in three acts by Giuseppe Verdi to an Italian libretto by Francesco Maria Piave, based on the 1821 historical play, The Two Foscari by Lord Byron.

After his success with Ernani, Verdi received a commission from Rome's Teatro Argentina and he went to work with Piave in considering two subjects, one of which eventually became this opera. I due Foscari was given its premiere performance in Rome on 3 November 1844 and was generally quite successful, although not on the scale of Ernani, which remained Verdi's most popular opera until Il trovatore in 1853.
Jake Krack
Jake Krack (born 1984) son of Reed and Dara Krack, is a prominent young old-time fiddler and fiddle teacher from Nicut in the U.S. state of West Virginia. He began fiddling at age six or eight. His teachers include Bobby Taylor, Lester McCumbers, Melvin Wine, Brad Leftwich, Joe Thompson, Wilson Douglas, and Glen Smith.

Brad Leftwich
Brad Leftwich (born June 30, 1953) is an American old-time fiddler, banjo player, singer and teacher of traditional old-time style.  He is originally from Oklahoma but has resided in Bloomington, Indiana for most of his life. He performs solo and with his long-time musical partner and wife, Linda Higginbotham, and with his band, The Humdingers, which also includes Sam Bartlett and Abby Ladin.

Since the 1970s, Leftwich has performed and taught at folk festivals, concerts, and music camps, written books on both fiddle and banjo, released instructional old-time fiddle videos and written articles on traditional fiddling. He also maintains a YouTube channel with some of his original field recordings.