hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lillian Ngoyi
Lilian Masediba Matabane Ngoyi, "Ma Ngoyi", OMSG (25 September 1911 – 13 March 1980) was a South African anti-apartheid activist. She was the first woman elected to the executive committee of the African National Congress, and helped launch the Federation of South African Women.

Prior to becoming a machinist at a textile mill, where she was employed from 1945 to 1956, Ngoyi enrolled to become a nurse. In 1962, she was given her first banning order and would not be permitted to leave her house in Orlando, Soweto for the rest of her life, except for a three-year period from 1972-1975.

Pass law
In South Africa under apartheid, and South West Africa (now Namibia), pass laws served as an internal passport system designed to racially segregate the population, restrict movement of individuals, and allocate low-wage migrant labor. Also known as the natives' law, these laws severely restricted the movements of Black South African and other racial groups by confining them to designated areas. Initially applied to African men, attempts to enforce pass laws on women in the 1910s and 1950s sparked significant protests. Pass laws remained a key aspect of the country's apartheid system until their effective termination in 1986. The pass document used to enforce these laws was derogatorily referred to as the dompas (Afrikaans: dompas, lit. 'stupid pass').
Microcotyle pacifica
Microcotyle pacifica is a species of monogenean, parasitic on the gills of a marine fish. It belongs to the family Microcotylidae. It was first described an illustrated based on 31 specimens from the gills of the blackbelly eelpout Lycodes pacificus (referred to as Lycodopus pacificus in the original description) off California.

Fish diseases and parasites
Like humans and other animals, fish suffer from diseases and parasites. Fish defences against disease are specific and non-specific. Non-specific defences include skin and scales, as well as the mucus layer secreted by the epidermis that traps microorganisms and inhibits their growth. If pathogens breach these defences, fish can develop inflammatory responses that increase the flow of blood to infected areas and deliver white blood cells that attempt to destroy the pathogens.

Specific defences are specialised responses to particular pathogens recognised by the fish's body, that is adaptative immune responses. In recent years, vaccines have become widely used in aquaculture and ornamental fish, for example vaccines for commercial food fishes like Aeromonas salmonicida, furunculosis in salmon and Lactococcosis\Streptococcosis  in farmed grey mullet, Tilapia and koi herpes virus in koi.

Some commercially important fish diseases are VHS, ICH, and whirling disease.
1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 100 metre freestyle
The men's 100 metre freestyle competition at the 1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 25–26 at the Sydney International Aquatic Centre.  The last champion was Michael Klim of Australia.

This race consisted of two lengths of the pool, both lengths being in freestyle.

1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships
The eighth edition of the Pan Pacific Swimming Championships, a long course (50 m) event, was held in 1999 at the Sydney International Aquatic Centre in Sydney, Australia, from 22–29 August. Only two swimmers per country could compete in finals, and only four swimmers per country could compete in semi-finals.
Earl's Court Square
Earl's Court Square is a garden square in Earl's Court, London, England. It was developed from 1872 or 1873 on agricultural land belonging to the Edwardes family. It is primarily made up of stuccoed terraced houses with Italianate dressings but also contains properties in the Jacobean and Second Empire styles as well as a number of purpose built apartment blocks.

Notable former inhabitants include the choreographer Sir Frederick Ashton, Syd Barrett of Pink Floyd, and the ordnance inventor Sir William Palliser. At the Poetry Bookshop in the Square, conventional and modernist factions engaged in the "Battle of Earl's Court" in the 1970s.

The Poetry Society
The Poetry Society is a membership organisation, open to all, whose stated aim is "to promote the study, use and enjoyment of poetry". The society was founded in London in February 1909 as the Poetry Recital Society, becoming the Poetry Society in 1912. Its first president was Lady Margaret Sackville.

From its current premises in Covent Garden, London, The Poetry Society publishes The Poetry Review, a poetry magazine. Established in 1912, its current editor is the poet Wayne Holloway-Smith, who succeeded Emily Berry in 2023. Berry herself succeeded Maurice Riordan in 2017. Fiona Sampson was the magazine's editor from 2005 to 2012.

In 2011, "with the help of some initial funding from Arts Council England's Poetry & Young People Project", the poet Holly Hopkins helped set up the Young Poets Network arm of the society, which now focusses on supporting poets "up to the age of 25." The poet Jayant Kashyap called it "the best place for young poets based anywhere in the
world."
Force (cereal)
Force was the first commercially successful wheat flake breakfast cereal. Prior to this, the only successful wheat-based cereal products had been Shredded Wheat and the hot semolina cereal, Cream of Wheat.  The product was cheap to produce and kept well on store shelves. First produced in 1901 by the Force Food Company in Buffalo, New York, it was one of three companies owned by Edward Ellsworth and advertised using a popular cartoon figure called Sunny Jim.

Cream of Wheat
Cream of Wheat is an American brand of farina, a type of breakfast porridge mix made from wheat middlings. It looks similar to grits, but is smoother in texture since it is made with ground wheat kernels instead of ground corn. It was first manufactured in the United States in 1893 by wheat millers in Grand Forks, North Dakota, and debuted at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, Illinois.

The rice-based Cream of Rice also forms part of the product line, and is often a recommended early food for infants and toddlers and for people who cannot tolerate wheat or gluten.

Cream of Wheat was owned by Nabisco from 1961 to 2000 when Nabisco was bought by Kraft Foods Inc. B&G Foods acquired the Cream of Wheat and Cream of Rice brands from Kraft in January 2007.
National Forest Corporation
The National Forest Corporation or CONAF (Corporación Nacional Forestal) is a Chilean State-owned private non-profit organization, through which the Chilean state contributes to the development and sustainable management of the country's forest resources. CONAF is overseen and funded by the Ministry of Agriculture of Chile.

It administers the forest policies of Chile and promotes the development of the sector with sustainable forest management.

CONAF is also the governing body of all the national parks of Chile, including those without forests or major vegetation, such as Llullaillaco National Park and others in the Atacama Desert.

Llullaillaco National Park
Llullaillaco National Park is a national park of Chile, 275 km southeast of Antofagasta in the Andes. It lies between the eastern slopes of the Cordillera Domeyko and the international border with Argentina. In the park there are several important mountains that culminate at the summit of Llullaillaco volcano. The park also is characterized by extensive semi-desert plains interspersed by Quebradas. A part of the Inca road system is found in Río Frío area.
French sauce spoon
A French sauce spoon or saucier spoon is a spoon that is typically the size and shape of a dessert spoon, but with a flattened bowl that has a thinner edge and a small notch on one side. As the name suggests, a French sauce spoon is used to eat the sauce accompanying a dish. Such a spoon may be referred to simply as a sauce spoon, but this can also refer to a spoon used to serve sauce.

The spoon's flattened bowl and thin edge aids scooping a thin layer of sauce from a plate without resorting to tipping the plate; the notch in the bowl is variously claimed to allow oil or fat to drain away from the sauce, or to be a reference to the notch in a fish knife.

Originally invented in France at the restaurant Lasserre in 1950 (chef René Lasserre) as the cuillère à sauce individuelle (individual sauce spoon) and originally found mainly in France, French sauce spoons are increasingly popular in high-end restaurants elsewhere.

Dessert spoon
Serving spoon

Tablespoon (tbsp.)

Dessert spoon (dsp.)

Teaspoon (tsp.)

A dessert spoon is a spoon designed specifically for eating dessert. Similar in size to a soup spoon (intermediate between a teaspoon and a tablespoon) but with an oval rather than round bowl, it typically has a capacity around twice that of a teaspoon.

By extension, the term "dessert spoon" is used as a cooking measure of volume, usually of 10 millilitres (mL), 1⁄3 US fl oz, or 1⁄4 imp fl oz.
Otrzep
Otrzep [ˈɔtʂɛp] (German: Friedrichshorst) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wierzchowo, within Drawsko County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) south-east of Wierzchowo, 32 km (20 mi) south-east of Drawsko Pomorskie, and 110 km (68 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has a population of 70.

Wierzchowo, Drawsko County
Wierzchowo [vjɛʂˈxɔvɔ] (formerly German Virchow) is a village in Drawsko County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Wierzchowo. It lies approximately 22 km (14 mi) east of Drawsko Pomorskie and 101 km (63 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Before 1945 the area was part of Prussia. For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has a population of 1,500.
Léonard Nuytens
Léonard Nuytens (7 September 1892 – 6 December 1962) was a Belgian coxswain. He competed at the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm with the men's coxed four where they were eliminated in the quarter finals.

Coxswain (rowing)
In a rowing crew, the coxswain (/ˈkɒksən/ KOK-sən or /ˈkɒksweɪn/ KOK-swayn; colloquially known as the cox or coxie) is a crewmember who does not row but directs the boat. The coxswain sits facing the bow, unlike the rowers, and is responsible for steering the boat and coordinating the power and rhythm of the rowers. The coxswain's role while on the water is similar to that of an assistant coach or team captain, and they are sometimes also called upon to implement the training regimen or race plan.

In most racing, coxswains may be of either sex regardless of the sex of the rowers. Often they are women, since women are more likely to be near the ideal weight of a cox, which is 110 lbs or 120 lbs for USRowing and 55 kg for World Rowing (see Sex, and Weight, below).
Svetelka
Svetelka (pronounced [ˈsʋeːtəlka]) is a settlement immediately west of Dramlje in the Municipality of Šentjur, eastern Slovenia. The settlement, and the entire municipality, are included in the Savinja Statistical Region, which is in the Slovenian portion of the historical Duchy of Styria.

Dramlje
Dramlje (pronounced [ˈdɾaːmljɛ]; German: Sankt Egidi) is one of the most populous settlements in the Municipality of Šentjur, in eastern Slovenia. The settlement, and the entire municipality, are included in the Savinja Statistical Region, which is in the Slovenian portion of the historical Duchy of Styria.
Bachirou Salou
Bachirou Salou (born 15 September 1970 in Lomé) is a former professional footballer who played as a centre-forward in the Bundesliga.

He possessed double nationality and is living in Germany together with his family, where he bought a house. Bachirou Salou has Nago- Benino roots. Rafiou Moutairou and Tadjou Salou are his siblings.

1994–95 DFB-Pokal
The 1994–95 DFB-Pokal was the 52nd season of the annual German football cup competition. 64 teams competed in the tournament of six rounds which began on 13 August 1994 and ended on 24 June 1995. In the final Borussia Mönchengladbach defeated VfL Wolfsburg 3–0 thereby claiming their third title.
Yenimahalle railway station
Yenimahalle railway station (Turkish: Yenimahalle istasyonu) is a railway station in Bakırköy, Istanbul. The station was originally built in 1955 as a stop on the Istanbul suburban commuter rail line until 2013, when the entire line was closed down for expansion and renovation. Yenimahalle station was demolished and a third track was added. The new station entered service on 12 March 2019 and become a stop on the Marmaray commuter rail line.

Bakırköy
Bakırköy is a municipality and district in the European part of Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its area is 29 km2, and its population is 226,685 (2022). Bakırköy lies between the D.100 highway (locally known as E-5) and the coast of the Sea of Marmara. Bakırköy houses a large psychiatric hospital, and is an important shopping and commercial center.
History of Mauritius
The history of Mauritius begins with its possible, though undocumented and controversial, discovery by Arabs, as documented on Portuguese maps, followed by Portuguese and its appearance on European maps in the early 16th century. Mauritius was successively colonized by the Netherlands, France and Great Britain, and became independent on 12 March 1968.

President of Mauritius
The president of the Republic of Mauritius (French: Président de la République de Maurice) is the head of state of the Republic of Mauritius. Mauritius is a parliamentary republic, and the president functions as a ceremonial figurehead, elected by the National Assembly as set out by the Constitution of Mauritius. The current office-holder is Dharam Gokhool. He was elected by the National Assembly on 6 December 2024. The president's official residence is the State House.
Lamar Alexander Rocky Fork State Park
Lamar Alexander Rocky Fork State Park (RFSP) is a state park spanning 2,076 acres (8.40 km2) in Unicoi County, East Tennessee, near the community of Flag Pond and the Tennessee–North Carolina state line.  The park forms the state-park component of the larger Rocky Fork conservation project, which protects the 10,000-acre Rocky Fork watershed alongside adjoining lands of the Cherokee National Forest. The park is part of the Appalachian Mountains and has access to the Appalachian Trail.

Unaka Range
The Unaka Range is a mountain range on the border of Tennessee and North Carolina, in the southeastern United States.  It is a subrange of the Appalachian Mountains and is part of the Blue Ridge Mountains physiographic province.  The Unakas stretch approximately from the Nolichucky River in the south to the Watauga River in the north.
San Jacinto River (California)
The San Jacinto River is a 42-mile-long (68 km) river in Riverside County, California. The river's headwaters are in Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains National Monument. The lower portion of the 765-square-mile (1,980 km2) watershed is urban and agricultural land. As a partially endorheic watershed that is contiguous with other Great Basin watersheds, the western side of the San Jacinto Basin is a portion of the Great Basin Divide.

Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains National Monument
The Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains National Monument is a national monument in Southern California. It includes portions of the Santa Rosa and San Jacinto mountain ranges, the northernmost ones of the Peninsular Ranges system. The national monument covers portions of Riverside County, west of the Coachella Valley, approximately 100 miles (160 km) southeast of downtown Los Angeles.
Saint Mary's Catholic Church, Konak
Saint Mary's Catholic Church (Turkish: Santa Maria Katolik Kilisesi) is a Catholic church in İzmir, Turkey. It is located in the old Frankish neighborhood of the Konak district. The Church was built in honor of the Virgin Mary and opened in 1698. The church was made by the Franciscans who were settled in Izmir. Today it is used as an Italian Catholic Church with Franciscan priests serving a community of about 200 people.

Konak, İzmir
Konak is a municipality and district of İzmir Province, Turkey. Its area is 24 km2, and its population is 332,277 (2022). It is the most densely populated of the thirty districts of İzmir, and has historically acted as the administrative and economic core of the city. Situated in an area that roughly corresponds to the geographic center of İzmir, Konak extends for 11.4 kilometres (7 miles) along the southern coastline of the Gulf of İzmir. Konak district area neighbors the district areas of Bornova to the east, Balçova to the west and Buca and Karabağlar to the south. Konak center is connected to other districts of İzmir and beyond by a dense network of roads and railroads, as well as by a subway line currently being largely extended and by ferry services to Karşıyaka. Konak is a very active hub of industry, trade, commerce and services, with the number of companies exceeding sixty thousand and its exports nearing two billion US dollars in 2006.
James Van Duyne Farmhouse
The James Van Duyne Farmhouse is a historic building located at 32 Waughaw Road in the Towaco section of the township of Montville in Morris County, New Jersey. The oldest section of the farmhouse was built in 1758. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 15, 1982, for its significance in exploration/settlement and politics/government.

Towaco, New Jersey
Towaco /təˈwɑː.koʊ/ is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in the township of Montville, Morris County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 5,624.

The area is served as United States Postal Service ZIP Code 07082. Its name reflects the Native American history in the area, which identified the locale as TaWagh, meaning "hill", a reference to the terrain of Towaco.

The Towaco station offers NJ Transit rail service along the Montclair-Boonton Line. It essentially replaced the abandoned Montville station. The train station has been renovated.
San Diego Country Estates, California
San Diego Country Estates, commonly referred to as The Estates, is a valley resort populace composed of several neighborhoods associated with the unincorporated community of Ramona, California. The Estates is a census-designated place in North County, a region of San Diego County. The Estates is just east of the North County city of Poway and southeast of Ramona; 38 miles (61 km) northeast of San Diego and 46 miles (74 km) from the regional center of Carlsbad. San Diego Country Estates had a population of 10,395 at the 2020 census, up from 10,109 at the 2010 census.

Poway, California
Poway (/ˈpaʊ.eɪ/) is a city in San Diego County, California, United States. Poway's rural roots influenced its motto "The City in the Country". The city had a population of 48,841 as of the 2020 United States census.

Poway is part of San Diego's North County.
David Salvador-Estepa
David Salvador-Estepa (born 20 October 1973) is a Spanish former professional tennis player.

Salvador, who comes from Catalonia, was a national representative at the World Youth Cup, alongside Àlex Corretja.

Active on tour during the 1990s, Salvador's career included a win over Emilio Sánchez at the 1996 Alicante Challenger and an ATP Tour singles main draw appearance at the 1997 Torneo Godó. He reached a best singles ranking of 253.

Àlex Corretja
Àlex Corretja Verdegay (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈaləks kuˈrɛdʒə βəɾðəˈɣaj]; born 11 April 1974) is a Spanish former professional tennis player. He was ranked world No. 2 in men's singles by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) in 1999. Corretja won 17 ATP Tour singles titles, including the 1998 ATP World Tour Championships, and Masters titles at the 1997 Italian Open and 2000 Indian Wells Masters. He was twice a major runner-up at the French Open, in 1998 and 2001. Corretja played a key role in helping Spain win its first Davis Cup title in 2000. Corretja is one of only two players who are undefeated against Rafael Nadal after playing more than one match with him (the other being Dustin Brown), holding a 2–0 head-to-head record.

Post-retirement, Corretja became  Andy Murray's temporary coach for the duration of the 2008 clay-court season, resuming the role on a permanent basis between 2009 and 2011. In 2012 and 2013, he coached the Spanish Davis Cup team.
Steve Brodner
Steve Brodner (born October 19, 1954, in Brooklyn, New York) is a satirical illustrator, editorial cartoonist, and caricaturist working for publications in the US since the 1970s. He is accepted in the fields of journalism and the graphic arts as a master of the editorial idiom. Currently a regular contributor to GQ, The Nation, Newsweek, The Washington Post, and Los Angeles Times, Brodner's art journalism has appeared in major magazines and newspapers in the United States, such as Rolling Stone, The New York Times, The New Yorker, Esquire, Time, Playboy, Mother Jones, Harper's, and The Atlantic. His work, first widely seen exposing and attacking Reagan Era scandals, is credited with helping spearhead the 1980s revival of pointed and entertaining graphic commentary in the US. He is currently working on a book about the presidents of the United States. He posts to his blog, The Greater Quiet on Substack.

Fantagraphics
Fantagraphics (previously Fantagraphics Books) is an American publisher of alternative comics, classic comic strip anthologies, manga, magazines, graphic novels, and (formerly) the erotic Eros Comix imprint. They have managed several awards for achievement in comic books.
Hu, Egypt
Hu, Huw or Hiw (Arabic: هُو, Coptic: ϩⲱ, ϩⲟⲩ) is the modern name of an Egyptian town on the Nile, which in more ancient times was the capital of the 7th Nome of Upper Egypt.

The nome was referred to as Sesheshet (Sistrum). The main city was referred to as Hu(t)-sekhem (Ancient Egyptian: Ḥw.t-Sḫm), which became abbreviated as Hu. This led to the Arabic name Huw.

In Ptolemaic times the city was called Diospolis Mikra (Ancient Greek: Διὸς πόλις Μικρά, lit. 'lesser city of Zeus') in comparison with Thebes, Egypt, known as Diospolis Megale, "greater city of Zeus". It also was called Diospolis Superior (Upper Zeus-City), in comparison with Diospolis Inferior (Lower Zeus-City) in the Nile Delta.

Thebes, Egypt
Thebes (Egyptian Arabic: طيبه), known to the ancient Egyptians as Waset, was an ancient Egyptian city located along the Nile about 800 kilometers (500 mi) south of the Mediterranean. Its ruins lie within the modern Egyptian city of Luxor. Thebes was the main city of the fourth Upper Egyptian nome (Sceptre nome) and was the capital of Egypt for long periods during the Middle Kingdom and New Kingdom eras.

The city was close to Nubia and the Eastern Desert, with its valuable mineral resources and trade routes. It was a religious center and the most venerated city during many periods of ancient Egyptian history.

The site of Thebes includes areas on both the eastern bank of the Nile, where the temples of Karnak and Luxor stand and where the city was situated; and the western bank, where a necropolis of large private and royal cemeteries and funerary complexes can be found. In 1979, the ruins of ancient Thebes were classified by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.