hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Simulation decomposition
SimDec, or Simulation decomposition, is a hybrid uncertainty and sensitivity analysis method, for visually examining the relationships between the output and input variables of a computational model.

SimDec maps multivariable scenarios onto the distribution of the model output. This visual analytics approach exposes the underlying nature of the model behavior, including its nonlinear and multivariate interaction effects.

SimDec can be used in any range of science, engineering, and social domains. Existing applications include business and environmental issues.

Frequency (statistics)
In statistics, the frequency or absolute frequency of an event  is the number  of times the observation has occurred/been recorded in an experiment or study.: 12–19  The relative frequency is the ratio of absolute frequency to the sample size. These frequencies are often depicted graphically or tabular form.
Sean Kugler
Sean Patrick Kugler (born August 9, 1966) is an American football coach who was most recently the offensive line coach for the DC Defenders of the United Football League (UFL). He was previously the head coach at the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP) from 2013 to 2017. Kugler was an assistant coach in the NFL for the Detroit Lions (2001–2005), Buffalo Bills (2007–2009), Pittsburgh Steelers  (2010–2012), Denver Broncos (2018) and Arizona Cardinals (2019-2022).

DC Defenders
The DC Defenders are a professional American football team based in Washington, D.C. The Defenders compete in the United Football League (UFL). The team was founded by Vince McMahon's Alpha Entertainment and is owned by Dwayne Johnson's Alpha Acquico and Fox Corporation. The Defenders play their home games at Audi Field. The team won the UFL championship in 2025.
Bettie James Gold Edition
Bettie James Gold Edition is the second studio album by American country music singer Jimmie Allen. It was released on June 25, 2021, via BBR Music Group. Prior to the album's release, seven songs from the album were released in 2020 as an extended play titled Bettie James. Both the extended play and full album are entirely composed of collaborations with country, contemporary R&B, and pop music artists. The extended play and album have accounted for two singles: "This Is Us" featuring Noah Cyrus, and "Freedom Was a Highway" featuring Brad Paisley.

Noah Cyrus
Noah Lindsey Cyrus (born January 8, 2000) is an American singer and actress. As a child actress, she voiced the titular character in the English dub of the film Ponyo (2008), and appeared in minor roles on shows including  Hannah Montana and Doc. In 2016, she made her debut as a singer with the single "Make Me (Cry)" featuring Labrinth, which peaked at number 46 on the Billboard Hot 100. Cyrus has released three extended plays: Good Cry (2018), The End of Everything (2020), People Don't Change (2021). Her first full-length album The Hardest Part was released on September 16, 2022, to widespread critical acclaim. Her second studio album I Want My Loved Ones to Go with Me was released on July 11, 2025. She was nominated for Best New Artist at the 63rd Annual Grammy Awards. Cyrus is the youngest child of Billy Ray Cyrus and Tish Cyrus, and the younger sister of Miley Cyrus.
Warmer Damm
The Warmer Damm is a public park in the centre of Wiesbaden, Germany, stretching from the Wilhelmstraße to  the southern borders of the Kurpark and lying immediately in front of the Hessian State Theater. It was created between 1860 and 1861 as an English landscape park and includes a pond.

Hessisches Staatstheater Wiesbaden
The Hessisches Staatstheater Wiesbaden (Hessian State Theatre Wiesbaden), also known as the Staatstheater Wiesbaden or Theater Wiesbaden, is a German theatre located in Wiesbaden, in the German state of Hesse.  The company produces operas, plays, ballets, musicals and concerts on four stages. It has a resident orchestra, the Hessisches Staatsorchester. The theatre was inaugurated in 1894.

The theatre is the host for the annual festival Internationale Maifestspiele Wiesbaden, established in 1896 after the Bayreuth Festival.
Beauty and the Geek (British TV series)
Beauty and the Geek is a British reality television show that first aired on E4 from 7 February to 14 March 2006. A second series premiered exclusively on the Discovery+ streaming service on 25 September 2022.

E4 (TV channel)
E4 is a British free-to-air public broadcast television channel owned and operated by Channel Four Television Corporation. The "E" stands for entertainment and the channel is primarily aimed at the 16–34 age group (similarly to BBC Three and ITV2).

Programmes currently shown on the channel include Hollyoaks, Made in Chelsea, Coach Trip (and its Halloween spin-off Celebrity Ghost Trip),  The most successful broadcast of the channel to date was on 11 October 2010 when an episode of The Inbetweeners received over 3.7 million viewers.
TV Show King
TV Show King is a quiz video game developed by Gameloft Montreal and published by Gameloft. It was released as one of the WiiWare launch titles in North and Latin America on May 12, 2008. It was also released later for iPhone OS in November 2008. The game was also released for PlayStation 3 on August 6, 2009, as a download from the PlayStation Store.

Gameloft
Gameloft SE is a French major video game company based in Paris, founded in December 1999 by Ubisoft co-founder Michel Guillemot. The company operates 11 development studios worldwide, and publishes games for mobile devices, video game consoles, and PC. Formerly a public company traded at the Paris Bourse, Gameloft was acquired by investment french company Vivendi in 2016.
Anata (song)
"Anata" (あなた, lit. "You") is a song by Japanese-American singer-songwriter Hikaru Utada. It is their third single under the label Epic Records Japan, from their seventh Japanese-language studio album Hatsukoi. The song was used as a tie-in for movie Destiny: The Tale of Kamakura, and was released as a digital download on December 8. The song is their first movie tie-in in 5 years, since "Sakura Nagashi" was released in 2012 for Evangelion: 3.0 You Can (Not) Redo. The song was written with a Buddhist's view to show both the real and fantasy mixed world shown in the movie. Besides the movie, the song is also featured in a Sony campaign to promote a wireless headphone line, in which they themself also appears.

Sakura Nagashi
"Sakura Nagashi" (桜流し; lit. "Flowing Cherry Blossoms/Cherry Blossoms Sinking") is a song by Japanese singer-songwriter Hikaru Utada. It was released by EMI Music Japan digitally on November 17, 2012, with a DVD single released December 26, 2012. The song is the theme to the third film of the Rebuild of Evangelion movie series, Evangelion: 3.0 You Can (Not) Redo, and was later included on their sixth Japanese-language studio album Fantôme, released in 2016. The single also marked Utada's last release under the then EMI-controlled EMI Music Japan as the label was absorbed into Universal Music Japan as EMI Records Japan in April 2013.
Mark Gillespie (New Zealand cricketer)
Mark Raymond Gillespie (born 17 October 1979) is a former New Zealand cricketer. He came to the selectors attention in the 2005–06 season with 43 wickets at 23.16 for Wellington. He then played for New Zealand A in the Top-End series of 2006 before being included in New Zealand's squad of 14 for the Champions Trophy.

He had a successful domestic career for Wellington being crowned Wellington's cricketer of the year and Men's Outstanding Bowler in 2012.

Wellington cricket team
The Wellington Firebirds are one of six New Zealand men's first-class cricket teams that make up New Zealand Cricket.
It is based in Wellington. It competes in the Plunket Shield first class (4-day) competition, The Ford Trophy domestic one day competition and the Men's Super Smash Twenty20 competition.

The Wellington Cricket Association was formed in 1875. It is New Zealand's oldest cricket association.
1991–92 Toronto Maple Leafs season
The 1991–92 Toronto Maple Leafs season was Toronto's 75th season in the National Hockey League (NHL). The Maple Leafs missed the playoffs for the second consecutive year for the first time since the 1983–84 and 1984–85 seasons.

1991–92 NHL season
The 1991–92 NHL season was the 75th regular season of the National Hockey League. The league expanded to 22 teams with the addition of the expansion San Jose Sharks. A ten-day players' strike was called in April, delaying the final weeks of the regular season and the playoffs, and pushing the Stanley Cup Finals into June for the first time. The Pittsburgh Penguins repeated as Stanley Cup champions, winning the best of seven series four games to none against the Chicago Blackhawks.
Shu Ting
Shu Ting (Chinese: 舒婷; pinyin: Shū Tíng; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Su-têng; born 1952 in Jinjiang, Fujian) is the pen name of Gong Peiyu (simplified Chinese: 龚佩瑜; traditional Chinese: 龔佩瑜; pinyin: Gōng Pèiyú; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Kéng Pōe-jû), a modern Chinese poet associated with the Misty Poets. She began writing poetry in the 1970's and later had her works published.

Gu Cheng
Gu Cheng (simplified Chinese: 顾城; traditional Chinese: 顧城; September 24, 1956 – October 8, 1993) was a famous Chinese modern poet, essayist and novelist. He was a prominent member of the "Misty Poets", a group of Chinese modernist poets.
Orlando Giménez
Orlando Ramón Giménez Álvarez (born 24 January 1952) is a Paraguayan former professional footballer who played as a forward.

He spent 11 seasons in Spain, totalling 253 games and 76 goals in La Liga for Racing Santander, Valencia, Español and Sabadell. He won the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup and the UEFA Super Cup with Valencia in 1980.

RCD Espanyol
Reial Club Deportiu Espanyol de Barcelona (Catalan: [rəˈjal ˈklub dəpuɾˈtiw əspəˈɲɔl də βəɾsəˈlonə]; "Royal Spanish Sports Club of Barcelona"), commonly known as RCD Espanyol, is a Spanish professional sports club based in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. The club competes in La Liga, the top tier of Spanish football.

Founded in 1900 in Barcelona, Espanyol currently play their home games just outside the city at the RCDE Stadium, which holds up to 40,000 spectators. Domestically, Espanyol has won the Copa del Rey four times, most recently in 2006. In international competitions, the club reached the UEFA Cup final in 1988 and 2007. It has a long-standing local rivalry with FC Barcelona.
Karosa C 934
Karosa C 934 is an intercity bus produced from 1996 to 2002 by bus manufacturer Karosa from the Czech Republic. In 1999 an upgraded version, C934E, was introduced. It was succeeded by Karosa C 954 in 2002.

Karosa C 954
Karosa C 954 is an intercity bus produced from 2002 to 2006 by bus manufacturer Karosa from the Czech Republic. In 2003, a modernised version C954E was introduced. It was succeeded by Irisbus Crossway in 2006.
Operation Allies Refuge
Operation Allies Refuge was an evacuation effort carried out by the United States during the 2021 Taliban offensive. It took place in the final weeks of the War in Afghanistan and saw the airlifting of certain at-risk Afghan civilians (particularly coalition-allied interpreters), employees of the American embassy in Kabul, and other prospective applicants for the U.S. Special Immigrant Visa (SIV). American personnel also helped NATO and other regional allies in their respective evacuation efforts from Hamid Karzai International Airport in the capital city of Kabul. The operation was concurrent with the broader American military withdrawal from Afghanistan and the multinational evacuation of eligible foreigners and vulnerable Afghans.

SIV applicants were airlifted to the U.S., where they were temporarily housed by the American military while they completed their SIV requirements.

Special Immigrant Visa
The Special Immigrant Visa (SIV) programs are programs for receiving a United States visa. The program is administered under the Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008, Public Law 110-181, which was signed into law on January 28, 2008.
Alice Bailly
Alice Bailly (25 February 1872 – 1 January 1938) was a Swiss avant-garde painter, known for her interpretations on cubism, fauvism, futurism, her wool paintings, and her participation in the Dada movement. In 1906, Bailly had settled in Paris where she befriended Juan Gris, Francis Picabia, and Marie Laurencin, avant-garde modernist painters who influenced her works and her later life.

Juan Gris
José Victoriano González-Pérez  (23 March 1887 – 11 May 1927), better known as Juan Gris (Spanish: [ˈxwaŋ ˈɡɾis]; French: [gʀi]), was a Spanish painter born in Madrid who lived and worked in France for most of his active period. Closely connected to the innovative artistic genre Cubism, his works are among the movement's most distinctive.
Martti Pihkala
Martti Aleksander Pihkala (until 1906 Gummerus, 18 January 1882 – 10 June 1966) was a National Coalition Party MP who became known as a Jäger activist, Ostrobothnia White Guard founder, in the 1920s and 1930s, leader of the strikebreaking organisation Vientirauha, also known as "Pihkala's Guard" and an influencer of the Lapua movement and the Patriotic People's Movement.

Lapua Movement
The Lapua Movement (Finnish: Lapuanliike, Swedish: Lapporörelsen) was a radical Finnish nationalist, fascist, pro-German and anti-communist political movement founded in and named after the town of Lapua. Led by Vihtori Kosola, it turned towards far-right politics after its founding and was banned after a failed coup d'etat attempt in 1932. The movement's anti-communist activities continued in the parliamentarian Patriotic People's Movement.
Blaiklock Island
Blaiklock Island is a high and rugged, irregular-shaped island 17 kilometres (9 nmi) long, lying between Bigourdan Fjord and Bourgeois Fjord. It is separated from Pourquoi Pas Island by The Narrows and from the west coast of Graham Land by Jones Channel. The feature was partially surveyed in 1936 by the British Graham Land Expedition under Rymill, at which time it was charted as a promontory. It was determined to be an island in 1949 by Kenneth V. Blaiklock, a Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) surveyor for whom it is named.

Pourquoi Pas Island
Pourquoi Pas Island is a mountainous island, 27 km (17 mi) long and from 8 to 18 km (5 to 11 mi) wide, lying between Bigourdan Fjord and Bourgeois Fjord off the west coast of Graham Land in West Antarctica. It was discovered by the French Antarctic Expedition under Charcot, 1908–1910. The island was charted more accurately by the British Graham Land Expedition (BGLE) under John Rymill, 1934–1937, who named it for Charcot's expedition ship, the Pourquoi-Pas.
Goulburn (Mars)
Goulburn, also known as Goulburn Scour, is a rock outcrop on the surface of Aeolis Palus, between Peace Vallis and Aeolis Mons ("Mount Sharp"), in Gale crater on the planet Mars.  The outcrop was encountered by the Curiosity rover on landing at the Bradbury Landing on August 6, 2012 (the 1st sol of the mission) and is named after a two-billion year-old sequence of rocks in Northern Canada.  The "approximate" site coordinates are: 4°35′S 137°26′E﻿ / ﻿4.59°S 137.44°E﻿ / -4.59; 137.44.

The outcrop is a well-sorted gravel conglomerate, containing well-rounded, smooth, abraded pebbles. Occasional pebbles up to a few centimeters across are embedded in amongst a matrix of finer rounded particles, up to a centimeter across. It has been interpreted as a fluvial sediment, deposited by a vigorously flowing stream, probably between ankle and waist deep. This stream is part of an ancient alluvial fan, which descends from the steep terrain at the rim of Gale crater across its floor.

Peace Vallis
Peace Vallis is an ancient stream valley on the northern rim of Gale Crater on the planet Mars. It is notable for its associated alluvial fan which lies near the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity landing site (Bradbury Landing). The valley and alluvial fan provide evidence for geologically recent (Amazonian-aged) fluvial activity and sustained water flow on Mars. Recent high-resolution orbital images of Peace Vallis and its watershed also suggest that at least one glacial episode affected Gale crater. All of this evidence has implications for the history of water on Mars and the planet's long-term habitability. Understanding Peace Vallis and its fan also provides geologic context for the rocks observed on the ground by the Curiosity rover.
Duane Notice
Duane Notice (born September 7, 1994) is a Canadian basketball player for the Vancouver Bandits of the CEBL. He played college basketball for the University of South Carolina where he is the all-time leader in games played. He won the SEC Sixth Man of the Year award in 2016 and played in the 2017 Final Four. He also plays for the Canadian national team.

2015–16 Southeastern Conference men's basketball season
The 2015–16 SEC men's basketball season began with practices in October 2015, followed by the start of the 2015–16 NCAA Division I men's basketball season in November. Conference play started in early January 2016 and concluding in March, after which 13 member teams had participated in the 2016 SEC tournament at Bridgestone Arena in Nashville, Tennessee, with the tournament champion being guaranteed selection to the 2016 NCAA tournament.
California High School (San Ramon, California)
California High School (commonly referred to as Cal High) is one of two public high schools located in San Ramon, California, United States (Dougherty Valley High School is the other). It is one of four high schools in the San Ramon Valley Unified School District and serves students from the western portion of San Ramon and the unincorporated area of Norris Canyon. Its mascot is the grizzly bear.

As of the 2014–15 school year, the school had an enrollment of 2,639 students and 107.5 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 24.5:1. There were 78 students (3.0% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 39 (1.5% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.

Cal High's athletic rivals are Monte Vista High School and San Ramon Valley High School in Danville, and De La Salle High School in Concord, California.

Monte Vista High School (Danville, California)
Monte Vista High School is a comprehensive public high school located in Danville, California, United States. It is a National Blue Ribbon school, as well as a California Distinguished School. It is fully WASC accredited. The school is located in the San Ramon Valley, approximately 35 miles (56 km) east of San Francisco, and is part of the San Ramon Valley Unified School District. Their school mascot is a mustang.
Iloilo Business Park
Iloilo Business Park (also known as IBP or Megaworld) is a 72-hectare (180-acre) mixed-use master-planned central business district in Mandurriao, Iloilo City, Philippines by Megaworld Corporation. It is an integrated township project featuring a financial district, a lifestyle mall, office buildings catering to business process outsourcing firms, boutique and deluxe hotels, a convention center, and medical services facilities.

Iloilo Business Park was the site of Mandurriao Airport, the former main airport of Iloilo until 2007, when Megaworld Corporation acquired the property and developed it into a mixed-use development. Since then, the area has experienced significant growth and is now bounded by two other major developments in Mandurriao, namely SM Iloilo of SM Prime to its east and Atria Park District of Ayala Land to its southeast.

Iloilo Business Park has been officially recognized as the center of arts and culture in Iloilo City.

Business process outsourcing
Business process outsourcing (BPO) is a subset of outsourcing in which a company contracts the operations and responsibilities of a specific business process to a third-party service provider.

BPO offers organizations significant advantages, including increased flexibility, cost efficiency, and a sharper focus on core competencies. By transforming fixed costs into variable costs, companies can accelerate business processes and leverage specialized expertise from third-party providers. Challenges also arise from unclear contracts, changing requirements, unmet service levels, and over-dependence on providers.
Fort Ligonier
Fort Ligonier is a British fortification from the French and Indian War located in Ligonier, Pennsylvania, United States. The fort served as a staging area for the Forbes Expedition of 1758. During the eight years of its existence as a garrison, Fort Ligonier was never taken by an enemy. It served as a post of passage to the new Fort Pitt, and during Pontiac's War of 1763, was a vital link in the British communication and supply lines. It was attacked twice and besieged by the Native Americans, prior to the decisive victory at Bushy Run in August of that year. The fort was decommissioned from active service in 1766. Today, there is a museum next to the reconstructed fort. Inside the museum there are artifacts from the battle. An individual can take a guided tour of the fort, and on Fort Ligonier Days, the fort's cannons are fired.

Fort Pitt (Pennsylvania)
Fort Pitt was a fort built by British forces between 1759 and 1761 during the French and Indian War at the confluence of the Monongahela and Allegheny rivers, where the Ohio River is formed in western Pennsylvania (modern day Pittsburgh). It was near (but not directly on) the site of Fort Duquesne, a French colonial fort built in 1754 as tensions increased between Great Britain and France in both Europe and North America. The French destroyed Fort Duquesne in 1758 when they retreated under British attack.

Virginia colonial protection of this area ultimately led to the development of Pittsburgh and Allegheny County, Pennsylvania by British-American colonists and immigrants.
Glossary of Riemannian and metric geometry
This is a glossary of some terms used in Riemannian geometry and metric geometry — it doesn't cover the terminology of differential topology.

The following articles may also be useful; they either contain specialised vocabulary or provide more detailed expositions of the definitions given below.

Connection

Curvature

Metric space

Riemannian manifold

See also:

Glossary of general topology

Glossary of differential geometry and topology

List of differential geometry topics

Unless stated otherwise, letters X, Y, Z below denote metric spaces, M, N denote Riemannian manifolds, |xy| or  denotes the distance between points x and y in X. Italic word denotes a self-reference to this glossary.

A caveat: many terms in Riemannian and metric geometry, such as convex function, convex set and others, do not have exactly the same meaning as in general mathematical usage.

Product metric
In mathematics, a product metric is a metric on the Cartesian product of finitely many metric spaces  which metrizes the product topology. The most prominent product metrics are the p product metrics for a fixed  :
It is defined as the p norm of the n-vector of the distances measured in n subspaces:

For  this metric is also called the sup metric:
Dkhar
Dkhar is a term used by the Khasis to refer to non-Khasi people in Meghalaya. Though not the intention, it is generally perceived as derogatory by non-Khasi people. For Khasis any non-tribal is a dkhar and they address them by that term. Sometimes, the word has been collectively used with the term heathen (Non-believers), as most of the native Khasis are Christian, whilst non-tribals are mainly Hindu. In actuality, the term is mostly used for affluent Bengali Hindu settlers from British rule or the Bengali Hindu refugees from erstwhile East Pakistan It is sometimes abbreviated to ′Khar and may also denote a Khasi clan with the same name.

East Bengali refugees
East Bengali Refugees are people who left East Bengal following the Partition of Bengal, which was part of the Independence of India and Pakistan in 1947. An overwhelming majority of these refugees and immigrants were Bengali Hindus. During the Bangladesh liberation war with West Pakistan, an estimated ten million people of East Pakistan (present-day Bangladesh) fled the country and took refuge in India particularly in the Indian states of West Bengal and Indian North East region, especially Tripura and Assam.