hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Molecular diagnostics
Molecular diagnostics is a collection of techniques used to analyze biological markers in the genome and proteome, and how their cells express their genes as proteins, applying molecular biology to medical testing. In medicine the technique is used to diagnose and monitor disease, detect risk, and decide which therapies will work best for individual patients,: foreword  and in agricultural biosecurity similarly to monitor crop- and livestock disease, estimate risk, and decide what quarantine measures must be taken.

By analysing the specifics of the patient and their disease, molecular diagnostics offers the prospect of personalised medicine.
These tests are useful in a range of medical specialties, including infectious disease, oncology, human leucocyte antigen typing (which investigates and predicts immune function), coagulation, and pharmacogenomics—the genetic prediction of which drugs will work best.: v-vii  They overlap with clinical chemistry (medical tests on bodily fluids).

Nucleic acid hybridization
In molecular biology, hybridization (or hybridisation) is a phenomenon in which single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules anneal to complementary DNA or RNA. Though a double-stranded DNA sequence is generally stable under physiological conditions, changing these conditions in the laboratory (generally by raising the surrounding temperature) will cause the molecules to separate into single strands. These strands are complementary to each other but may also be complementary to other sequences present in their surroundings. Lowering the surrounding temperature allows the single-stranded molecules to anneal or “hybridize” to each other.

DNA replication and transcription of DNA into RNA both rely upon nucleotide hybridization, as do molecular biology techniques including Southern blots and Northern blots, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and most approaches to DNA sequencing.
Charles Philippe Leblond
Charles Philippe Leblond CC GOQ FRS FRMS FRSC (February 5, 1910 – April 10, 2007) was a pioneer of cell biology and stem cell research and a Canadian former professor of anatomy. Leblond is notable for developing autoradiography and his work showing how cells continuously renew themselves, regardless of age.

Histology
Histology, also known as microscopic anatomy, microanatomy or histoanatomy, is the branch of biology that studies the microscopic anatomy of biological tissues. Histology is the microscopic counterpart to gross anatomy, which looks at larger structures visible without a microscope.

Historically, microscopic anatomy was divided into organology, the study of organs, histology, the study of tissues, and cytology, the study of cells, although modern usage places all of these topics under the field of histology. In medicine, histopathology is the branch of histology that includes the microscopic identification and study of diseased tissue. In the field of paleontology, the term paleohistology refers to the histology of fossil organisms.
NCBA Bank Tanzania
NCBA Bank Tanzania Limited, is a merged bank between Commercial Bank of Africa (Tanzania) and NIC Bank Tanzania. It is a commercial bank in Tanzania licensed by the Bank of Tanzania, the central bank and national banking regulator.

Commercial Bank of Africa (Tanzania)
Commercial Bank of Africa (Tanzania) (CBAT) is a commercial bank in Tanzania. It is licensed by the Bank of Tanzania, the country's central bank and national banking regulator. The bank is a subsidiary of the Commercial Bank of Africa Group and has its headquarters in Nairobi, Kenya.
Bolna, Rana
Bolna (Norwegian) or Bållná (Lule Sami) is a mountain in the Saltfjellet mountain range in Rana Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The mountain peak reaches 1,460 metres (4,790 ft) above sea level, and is located just north of the Arctic Circle inside Saltfjellet–Svartisen National Park. The mountain peak is located less than 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) west of the border with Saltdal Municipality and about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) west of the border with Sweden.

At the southeastern foot of the mountain sits Bolna Station, a railway station on the Nordland Line. The Norwegian Mountain Touring Association has a mountain lodge named Bolnastua located only 200 metres (660 ft) from the railway station. The cabin was completed in 1993 and has 13 beds.  The European route E6 highway and the river Ranelva both pass along the south and eastern side of the mountain.  The station and Bolnastua cabin are both situated in a mountain birch forest near the treeline.

Ranelva
Ranelva is a 130-kilometre (81 mi) long river in Rana Municipality in Nordland county, Norway.  It is one of the longest rivers in Nordland county.  The catchment area of the river is 3,790 square kilometres (1,460 sq mi). Before the power stations of Reinforsen (1925) and Langvatnet (1964) were built, the catchment area was 3,843 square kilometres (1,484 sq mi).
Timeline of science and engineering in the Muslim world
This timeline of science and engineering in the Muslim world covers the time period from the eighth century AD to the introduction of European science to the Muslim world in the nineteenth century. All year dates are given according to the Gregorian calendar except where noted.

Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm al-Fazārī
Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Habib ibn Sulayman ibn Samra ibn Jundab al-Fazari (Arabic: محمد بن إبراهيم بن حبيب بن سليمان بن سمرة بن جندب الفزاري) (died 796 or 806) was an Arab philosopher, mathematician and astronomer.
2021 Women's LEN Super Cup
The 2021 Women's LEN Super Cup was the 15th edition of the annual trophy organised by LEN and contested by the reigning champions of the two European competitions for Women's water polo clubs. The match was an all-Greek derby between European champions Olympiacos Piraeus of Greece (winners of the 2020–21 LEN Euro League Women) and Kinef Kirishi of Russia (winners of the 2020–21 Women's LEN Trophy). The match was held in Piraeus, Greece, on 17 December 2021.

Olympiacos Piraeus won its second Super Cup, beating Kinef Kirishi 14–11.

2020–21 LEN Euro League Women
The 2020–21 LEN Euro League Women was the 34th edition of the major competition for European women's water polo clubs. It is started on 2 February 2021 and it ended with the Final 4 on 30 April and 1 May 2021.
Dieter Ebert
Dieter Ebert is professor for Zoology and Evolutionary Biology at the Department of Environmental Science, section Zoology, at the University of Basel in Basel, Switzerland. He is an evolutionary ecologist and geneticist, known for his research on host–pathogen interaction and coevolution, mainly using the model system Daphnia and its parasites.

W. D. Hamilton
William Donald Hamilton FRS (1 August 1936 –  7 March 2000) was a British evolutionary biologist, recognised as one of the most significant evolutionary theorists of the 20th century. Hamilton became known for his theoretical work expounding a rigorous genetic basis for the existence of altruism, an insight that was a key part of the development of the gene-centered view of evolution. He is considered one of the forerunners of sociobiology. Hamilton published important work on sex ratios and the evolution of sex. From 1984 to his death in 2000, he was a Royal Society Research Professor at Oxford University.

Richard Dawkins has written that Hamilton was "the greatest Darwinian of my lifetime".
Hansaplatz (Berlin U-Bahn)
Hansaplatz  is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on the U9 in the Hansaviertel district. It opened on 28 August 1961 with the first section of the new line running south–north from Spichernstraße to Leopoldplatz. The station itself had been erected as early as 1957 in the course of the Interbau housing development.

Right besides the U-bahn train station is Hansaplatz square. Now a non-discernible traffic junction, this was an active plaza before the war. Led by Kolleg X students from the Bauhaus in Dessau, there is an active movement to reclaim this Plaza as a community space and share it with the cars and bicycles that currently dominate.

Spichernstraße (Berlin U-Bahn)
Spichernstraße is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on the U3 and the U9 lines, located in Wilmersdorf neighbourhood. The U3 (then called AII and BII) portion opened on 2 June 1959, replacing the nearby Nürnberger Platz station, which was closed and dismantled. The U9 portion, which lies deeper underground, opened on 28 August 1961 as the southern terminus of the new line, then called G. The eponymous street is named after Spicheren in Lorraine, France, site of the 1870 Battle of Spicheren.
Ettington
Ettington is a village and civil parish about 5.5 miles (9 km) south-east of Stratford-upon-Avon in Warwickshire, England. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 1,171. The present village is on the A422 main road linking Stratford and Banbury. The A429 main road linking Warwick and Cirencester used to run through the village, and now uses a bypass just west of it. The Fosse Way Roman road (B4455 road) crosses the A422 0.6 miles (1 km) east of the village.

Thomas Becket
Thomas Becket (/ˈbɛkɪt/ ⓘ), also known as Saint Thomas of Canterbury, Thomas of London and later Thomas à Becket (21 December 1119 or 1120 – 29 December 1170), was an English cleric and statesman who served as Lord Chancellor from 1155 to 1162, and then as Archbishop of Canterbury from 1162 until his death in 1170. He is known for his conflict with King Henry II over the rights and privileges of the Church and was murdered by followers of the king in Canterbury Cathedral. He was canonised by Pope Alexander III two years after his death. He is venerated as a saint and martyr by the Catholic Church and the Anglican Communion.
Murder of Polly Klaas
Polly Hannah Klaas (January 3, 1981 – October 1, 1993) was an American murder victim whose case garnered national media attention. On October 1, 1993, at age 12, she was kidnapped at knifepoint during a slumber party at her mother's home in Petaluma, California, and strangled to death. Richard Allen Davis was convicted of her murder in 1996 and sentenced to death.

Petaluma, California
Petaluma is a city in Sonoma County, California, United States, located in the North Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area. Its population was 59,776 according to the 2020 census.

Petaluma's name comes from the Miwok village named Péta Lúuma that was located on the banks of the Petaluma River.  The modern city originates in Rancho Petaluma, granted in 1834 to famed Californio statesman Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo, considered to be the founder of Petaluma. Today, Petaluma is known for its well-preserved historic center and as a local hub for the Petaluma Valley region of Sonoma County.
Werner Walde
Werner Walde (12 February 1926 – 26 June 2010) was a German politician and party functionary of the Socialist Unity Party (SED).

Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, he served as First Secretary of the SED in Bezirk Cottbus, the GDR's coal and energy Bezirk, and eventually became a candidate member of the SED Politburo.

Diplom
A Diplom (German: [diˈploːm] ⓘ, from Ancient Greek: δίπλωμα, romanized: diploma) is an academic degree in the German-speaking countries Germany, Austria, and Switzerland and a similarly named degree in some other European countries including Albania, Bulgaria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Estonia, Finland, Poland, Russia, and Ukraine and only for engineers in France, Greece, Hungary, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia, and Brazil.
One Stop Shopping Centre
One Stop Shopping Centre (52°31′04″N 1°54′14″W﻿ / ﻿52.51778°N 1.90389°W﻿ / 52.51778; -1.90389) is a shopping centre and retail park in Perry Barr, Birmingham, England. It is immediately adjacent to the A34, Walsall Road. It is a largely outdoor retail area around a free (limited duration) car park, next to a bus interchange and Perry Barr railway station which was updated ahead of the 2022 Commonwealth Games.

It is three miles north of Birmingham city centre and hosts more than 60 retail stores and restaurants.

One Stop Shopping Centre has 80 units covering 380,000 sq ft and 1,200 free spaces in a surface car park. Tenant outlets include Boots, Asda, JD Sports and a Nike outlet.

In November 2022 London-based Northdale Asset Management and US investor Magnetar Capital acquired the One Stop Centre in Birmingham and Corby Town Centre in Corby for £76 million.

Perry Barr railway station
Perry Barr Railway Station is a railway station in Perry Barr, Birmingham, England, and is one of the oldest continuously operated railway station sites in the world, having first opened in 1837. The station has been rebuilt several times, including electrification of the line in the 1960s, and most recently in 2021-2022.
Battery E, 1st Illinois Light Artillery Regiment
Battery E, 1st Illinois Light Artillery Regiment was an artillery battery that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.  It played a minor but noteworthy role in the Battle of Shiloh, and was mentioned in General William T. Sherman's after-action report on the battle.  It also served at Vicksburg, Brice's Crossroads, Nashville and in several other engagements in the Western Theater of the war.

Holly Springs, Mississippi
Holly Springs is a city in and the county seat of Marshall County, Mississippi, United States, near the border with Tennessee to the north. As of the 2020 census, the population was 6,968, down from 7,699 in 2010. Along with the Mississippi Delta, in the 19th century, the area was developed for cotton plantations. After the Civil War, many freedmen continued to work in agriculture as sharecroppers and tenant farmers.

As the county seat, Holly Springs is a center of trade and court sessions. The city has several National Register of Historic Places-listed properties and historic districts, including the Southwest Holly Springs Historic District, Holly Springs Courthouse Square Historic District, Depot-Compress Historic District, and East Holly Springs Historic District. Hillcrest Cemetery contains the graves of five Confederate generals and has been called "Little Arlington of the South".
Minamishigachō temple ruins
The Minamishigachō temple ruins (南滋賀町廃寺跡, Minamishigachō Haiji ato) is an archaeological site with the ruins of an Asuka period Buddhist temple located in the Minamishiga neighborhood of the city of  Ōtsu, Shiga Prefecture, in the Kansai region of Japan. The site was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1957.

Asuka period
The Asuka period (飛鳥時代, Asuka jidai; Japanese pronunciation: [a.sɯ̥.ka ((d)ʑiꜜ.dai)]) was a period in the history of Japan lasting from 538 to 710, although its beginning could be said to overlap with the preceding Kofun period. The Yamato polity evolved greatly during the Asuka period, which is named after the Asuka region, about 25 km (16 mi) south of the modern city of Nara.

The Asuka period is characterized by its significant artistic, social, and political transformations, having their origins in the late Kofun period. The introduction of Buddhism marked a change in Japanese society. The Asuka period is also distinguished by the change in the name of the country from Wa (倭) to Nippon (日本).
Ronald Holmberg
Ronald "Ronnie" Edward Holmberg (born January 27, 1938) is a former American tennis player who competed during the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s. He was ranked world No. 7 in 1959 and was ranked in the U.S. Top 10 for nine years. He is currently one of the USTA's select "Master Professionals" and devotes most of his time coaching, participating and directing charity events and clinics and other tennis related projects.

John Newcombe
John David Newcombe AO OBE (born 23 May 1944) is an Australian former professional tennis player. He was ranked as the world No. 1 in both men's singles and men's doubles. Newcombe won a combined 26 major titles: seven in singles, a former record 17 in men's doubles, and two in mixed doubles. He also contributed to five Davis Cup titles for Australia during an age when the Davis Cup was deemed as significant as the majors.
Abner Silver
Abner Silberman (28 December 1899 in New York City, New York, United States – 24 November 1966) as pen name Abner Silver, was an American songwriter who worked primarily during the Tin Pan Alley era of the craft.

Shep Fields
Shep Fields (born Saul Feldman, September 12, 1910 – February 23, 1981) was an American bandleader who led the Shep Fields and His Rippling Rhythm orchestra during the 1930s. His distinctive Rippling Rhythm sound was featured on big band remote broadcasts from historic hotels nationwide and remained popular with audiences from the 1930s into the early 1960s.
Kargalitinae
Kargalitinae is one of four subfamilies in the family Marathonitidae. They are an extinct group of ammonoid, which are shelled cephalopods related to squids, belemnites, octopuses, and cuttlefish, and more distantly to the nautiloids.

Marathonitidae
Marathonitidae is the only family in the Marathonitoidea superfamily. They are an extinct group of ammonoid, which are shelled cephalopods related to squids, belemnites, octopuses, and cuttlefish, and more distantly to the nautiloids.
Dalegarth railway station
Dalegarth railway station is the easterly terminus of the 15-inch gauge Ravenglass and Eskdale Railway in the English county of Cumbria. It has a café and shop for passengers, along with a run-round loop, turntable and siding for trains.

The station is situated near the village of Boot in the civil parish of Eskdale and the Lake District National Park. It lies between the Whillan Beck, a tributary of the River Esk, and the road from Ravenglass to Windermere, via the Hardknott and Wrynose passes.

Eskdale, Cumbria
Eskdale is a civil parish in the west of the Lake District National Park, and the Cumberland district of Cumbria, England. It is named after the Eskdale valley which the River Esk flows through on its way from the fells of the Lake District to the Irish Sea at Ravenglass. The civil parish is not coterminous with the valley, as the parish also includes the upper valley of the River Mite (Miterdale), whilst the lower reaches of the River Esk are in the civil parish of Muncaster. Most of the parish's population is concentrated in the two villages of Eskdale Green and Boot.

One of the Lake District's most popular tourist attractions, the Ravenglass and Eskdale Railway, runs through the parish, though along with other western parts of the Lake District, Eskdale is notably quieter during the high summer season than the more accessible eastern areas.
Leody de Guzman 2022 presidential campaign
The 2022 presidential campaign of Leody de Guzman for president of the Philippines in the 2022 presidential election was announced on September 28, 2021. De Guzman is a unionist and labor rights activist who has served as the chairperson of the trade union federation Bukluran ng Manggagawang Pilipino.

Endo contractualization
Endo (derived from "end-of-contract") refers to a short-term de facto employment practice in the Philippines. It is a form of contractualization in which companies provide workers with temporary "employment" that lasts for less than six months (or strictly speaking, 180 calendar days) and then terminate their employment just before they can be regularized, in order to skirt the costs that come with the benefits of regularization. Some examples of such benefits are the de jure "employer-and-employee relationship"-mandated SSS, PhilHealth, and Pag-IBIG Fund contributions, paid time off (leaves), and a 13th month pay, among others.
Crime Control Department
The Crime Control Department (CCD) is a special unit of the Punjab Police in Punjab, Pakistan, initiated by Chief Minister Maryam Nawaz, established on 26 February 2025 by a provincial law amendment to deal with serious and organised crime in the province. It is working with the authority to establish an independent order, its own police station, and the first information reports (FIR).

Human Rights Commission of Pakistan
The Human Rights Commission of Pakistan (HRCP; Urdu: ماموریہ برائے انسانی حقوق پاکستان, romanized: Mamoria Baraye Ansani Haquq Pakistan) is an independent, democratic non-profit organisation. Founded in 1987, it is one of the oldest human rights organisations in the country.

HRCP is committed to monitoring, protecting and promoting human rights in Pakistan. It is not associated with the government or with any political party.
Ouanda Djallé
Ouanda Djallé is a sub-prefecture and town in the prefecture of Vakaga in the Central African Republic. It is located 130 km south of Birao. By population it is one of the smallest sub-prefectures in the country (only Bambouti and Djémah are smaller).

Union of Democratic Forces for Unity
Union of Democratic Forces for Unity (French: Union des Forces Démocratiques pour le Rassemblement, UFDR) was a rebel group which fought against the government in the 2004–2007 civil war in that country, known as the Central African Republic Bush War. The Central African Republic has accused the government of Sudan of backing the UFDR.

On April 13, 2007, a peace agreement between the government and the UFDR was signed in Birao. The agreement provides for an amnesty for the UFDR, its recognition as a political party, and the eventual integration of its fighters into the army.
Pat Tennyson
Patrick Thomas Tennyson (born 16 May 1979) is an Irish hurler who played as a midfielder for the Kilkenny senior team.

Brother of Kilkenny hurler John, Tennyson joined the team during the 2002 Walsh Cup and was a regular member of the team for just three seasons. During that time he won two National Hurling League winners' medals on the field of play.

At club level Tennyson is a Leinster and county club championship medalist with Carrickshock in the intermediate grade. All Ireland Intermediate Club Championship winner 2017.

2016–17 All-Ireland Intermediate Club Hurling Championship
The 2016–17 All-Ireland Intermediate Club Hurling Championship was the 13th staging of the All-Ireland Intermediate Club Hurling Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's intermediate inter-county club hurling tournament. The championship began on 22 October 2016 and ended on 18 February 2017.

On 18 February 2017, Carrickshock won the championship following a 2–15 to 0–6 defeat of Ahascragh-Fohenagh in the final.
Bharat-Nepal Maitri Chhath Ghat
Bharat-Nepal Maitri Chhath Ghat (Maithili: भारत नेपाल मैत्री छठ घाट) is a long Chhath Ghat located on the both side banks of the Dhouns river at the Indo-Nepal border near the Madhwapur-Matihani semi towns in the Mithila region of the Indian subcontinent.

Ghat
Ghat (Hindi: [ɡʱaːʈ]), a term used in the Indian subcontinent, to refer  to the series of steps leading down to a body of water or wharf, such as a bathing or cremation place along the banks of a river or pond, the Ghats in Varanasi, Dhobi Ghat or the Aapravasi Ghat.
Georges Kazazian
Georges Kazazian (Arabic: جـورج كازازيان) (born 25 Jan 1953) is an Egyptian-Armenian composer and oud player. He moved between two cultures in the vicinity of his cosmopolitan society, a feature of the social and demographic structure of Cairo at that time, which contributed to its open and decentralized compositions.

Mohamed Khan
Mohamed Hamed Hassan Khan (Arabic: محمد حامد حسن خان pronounced [mæˈħæmmæd ˈħæːmed ˈħæsæn xæːn]; 26 October 1942 – 26 July 2016) was an Egyptian film director, screenwriter, and actor. His main aesthetic credo, in line with directors from his generation, was a reinvigorated realism seeking direct documentation of everyday life in Cairo, beyond the walls of the studio. Khan has 4 films in the Top 100 Egyptian films list.

He was a pivotal member of the "1980s generation" in Egyptian cinema, along with directors such as Khairy Beshara, Daoud Abd El-Sayed, Atef El-Tayeb, and Yousry Nasrallah.