hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Camptocarpus
Camptocarpus is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Apocynaceae.

Its native range is the islands of the western Indian Ocean – Comoros, Madagascar, Rodrigues, and Réunion.

Species:

Camptocarpus acuminatus (Choux) Venter

Camptocarpus cornutus Klack.

Camptocarpus crassifolius Decne.

Camptocarpus decaryi (Choux) Venter

Camptocarpus lanceolatus Klack.

Camptocarpus linearis Decne.

Camptocarpus mauritianus (Lam.) Decne.

Camptocarpus semihastatus (Decne.) Klack.

Camptocarpus sphenophyllus (Balf.f.) Venter

Camptocarpus sphenophyllus
Camptocarpus sphenophyllus is a species of plant in the Apocynaceae family. It is endemic to the island of Rodrigues. Isaac Bayley Balfour, the naturalist who first formally described the species named it, using the synonym Tanulepis sphenophylla, after its wedge-shaped leaves (Latinized forms of Greek σφην-, sphen- and φύλλον, phúllon).
Maalik
In Islamic belief, Maalik (Arabic: مَٰالِكُ, romanized: mālik) denotes an angel in Hell/Purgatory (Arabic: جهنم, romanized: jahannam) who guarded the Hellfire and assisted by other angel guards (Q74:30) known as Zabaniyah (Arabic: الزبانية, romanized: az-zabānīya). In the Qur'an, Maalik is mentioned in Surah Az-Zukhruf 43:77 as the chief of angels of hell. The earliest codices offer various alternative spellings of this word including malak, meaning "angel", instead of a proper name.

Nar as-samum
Nār as samūm (Arabic: نار  السموم, meaning "fire of scorching winds"; also spelled Simoom or Semum; from the root س م م s-m-m, سم) is a concept in Islam referring to a type of flameless fire of hot wind. The term is associated with a specific type of storm found in the deserts of the Arabian Peninsula, called simoom. According to the Quran, Jinns (another intelligence along with human beings, among them are good jinns as well as evil jinns: demons) are made up of Nār as samūm'.
Zikoniya Island
Zikoniya Island (Bulgarian: остров Цикония, romanized: ostrov Tsikoniya, IPA: [ˈɔstrof t͡siˈkɔnijɐ]) is the 140 m long in west–east direction and 120 m wide rocky island lying off Spert Island on the southwest side of Trinity Island in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica. It is “named after the ocean fishing trawler Zikoniya of the Bulgarian company Ocean Fisheries – Burgas whose ships operated in the waters of South Georgia, Kerguelen, the South Orkney Islands, South Shetland Islands and Antarctic Peninsula from 1970 to the early 1990s.  The Bulgarian fishermen, along with those of the Soviet Union, Poland and East Germany are the pioneers of modern Antarctic fishing industry.”

Trinity Island
Trinity Island or Île de la Trinité or Isla Trinidad is an island 24 km (15 mi) long and 10 km (6 mi) wide in the northern part of the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica. It lies 37 km (23 mi) east of Hoseason Island, 72.6 km (45 mi) south of Deception Island in the South Shetland Islands, and 10.3 km (6 mi) north-northwest of Cape Andreas on the Antarctic Peninsula. The island was named by Otto Nordenskiöld, leader of the 1901-1904 Swedish Antarctic Expedition (SAE) in commemoration of Edward Bransfield's "Trinity Land" of 1820.
1888 Río de la Plata earthquake
The 1888 Río de la Plata earthquake occurred on 5 June measuring 5.5 on the Richter scale, and shook the upper Río de la Plata at 3:20 UTC-3. The epicentre was located 15 kilometres (9 mi) southwest of Colonia del Sacramento (Uruguay) and 42 kilometres (26 mi) east of Buenos Aires (Argentina), with a hypocentre at a depth of 30 kilometres (19 mi).

Colonia del Sacramento
Colonia del Sacramento (Spanish: [koˈlonja ðel sakɾaˈmento] ⓘ; Brazilian Portuguese: Colônia do Sacramento; European Portuguese: Colónia do Sacramento) is a city in southwestern Uruguay, by the Río de la Plata, facing Buenos Aires, Argentina. It is one of the oldest towns in Uruguay and the capital of the Colonia Department. As of the 2023 census, it has a population of around 32,174.

Its historic quarter is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Modern Colonia del Sacramento produces textiles and has a free trade zone, in addition to a polytechnic centre and various government buildings.
Sham-i-Ghareban
Sham-e-Ghariban (شام غریباں ) is a mourning night of Shi'Ites which is observed between 10th Muharram and 11th Muharram. The word Sham means night and Ghariban means poor or oppressed, thus this night remarks sacrifice and tolerance of the oppressed people of Ahlebait in Karbala. So, it is called Sham-e-Ghariban. On 11th Muharram the holy members of Ahlebait were arrested. The next day, the holy prisoners reached Kufa in the palace of Ibn Ziyad. It is the main night in Muharram. On this night people gather to say Noha and Marsiya. Mourners beat their chests, recite Ziyarat Ashura and take out processions.

Ahl al-Bayt
Ahl al-Bayt (Arabic: أهل البيت, lit. 'people of the house') refers to the family of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. In Sunni Islam, the term has also been extended to all descendants of the Banu Hashim (Muhammad's clan) and even to all Muslims. In Shia Islam, the term is limited to Muhammad, his daughter Fatima, his cousin and son-in-law Ali, and their two sons, Ḥasan and Ḥusayn. A common Sunni view adds the wives of Muhammad to these five.

While all Muslims revere the Ahl al-Bayt, Shia Muslims assert that members of the Ahl al-Bayt are spiritual successors to Muhammad, possessing divine knowledge and infallibility. The Twelver Shiʿa also believe in the redemptive power of the pain and martyrdom endured by the members of the Ahl al-Bayt, particularly Husayn. Sunni Muslims, who do not believe in spiritual succession to Muhammad, only hold the Ahl al-Bayt in high regard.
Wight Is Wight
"Wight Is Wight" is a French song by Michel Delpech. It sold over one million copies, and was awarded a gold disc. Released in 1969 it became a big hit in France and internationally. This hippy-influenced song was inspired by the first editions of the Isle of Wight Festival, mentioning Bob Dylan who played there in 1969. Donovan is also named in the chorus, even though he wouldn't appear at the festival before 1970, a few months after the song was released.

The title is a pun based on Los Bravos' 1966 hit single Black Is Black, covered by Johnny Hallyday in the same year, as "Noir c'est noir".

Black Is Black
"Black Is Black" is a song by the Spanish rock band Los Bravos, released in 1966 as the group's debut single for Decca Records. Produced by Ivor Raymonde, it reached number two in the UK, number four in the US, and number one in Canada. With the recording's success, Los Bravos became the first Spanish rock band to have an international hit single. A dance remix was released as a single in 1986.
Titwood
Titwood is a cricket ground in the Pollokshields area of Glasgow, Scotland. It is the home of the Clydesdale Cricket Club and is one of four international grounds in Scotland approved by the International Cricket Council (ICC) as a home venue for the Scotland national cricket team.

Titwood was approved by the ICC in May 2007 for the hosting of  One-Day International (ODI) matches. It became the fourth Scottish ground to be granted ODI status, as it was seen as a hub of cricket in Scotland, along with the Grange, Aberdeenshire's Mannofield and Ayr's New Cambusdoon.

The first of these, an 'offshore international' between India and Pakistan in July 2007, was a victim of the wet weather. The second game was played in August the same year, between Scotland and India.

In January 2014, Titwood hosted Scotland’s last three Clydesdale Bank 40 home group games.

The Grange Club
The Grange Club is a cricket and sports club in the Stockbridge district of Edinburgh, Scotland. The cricket ground, commonly known as The Grange, is the regular home of the Scotland national cricket team, and is situated adjacent to the Edinburgh Academy sports ground, which is in Raeburn Place.
Timeline of July uprising
The July uprising was a pro-democracy mass uprising against the Sheikh Hasina government in Bangladesh. The movement began as a quota reform protest shortly after the High Court Division of the Supreme Court invalidated a 2018 government circular on 5 June 2024, effectively restoring quotas. However, government law enforcement agencies and some members of the ruling party conducted widespread suppression, resulting in numerous protester deaths, an event referred to as the July massacre. The movement evolved into a full-scale uprising, ultimately leading to Resignation of Sheikh Hasina on 5 August 2024.

2018 Bangladesh quota reform movement
The 2018 Bangladesh quota reform movement was a students' movement demanding reforms in policies regarding recruitment in the Bangladesh government services. Bangladesh Sadharon Chhatra Odhikar Songrokkhon Parishad (Bangladesh General Students' Right Conservation Council) initiated movement initially began in Shahbag and on Dhaka University campus on 17 February 2018, and eventually spread country-wide by 8 April 2018. The movement rapidly attained popularity among students of different universities and colleges forcing the government to announce changes.
Sport in Albania
Sport in Albania revolves mostly around team sports, such as football, basketball, volleyball and handball. Other sports includes boxing, weightlifting, tennis, swimming, judo, karate,  athletics, table tennis, badminton, rugby, cricket, and chess. Football in particular has seen a rapid transformation, with the Albania national football team making its debut at the 1964 UEFA European Football Championship. The national football team also qualified for the 2016 UEFA European Football Championship. Many Albanian athletes have also achieved significant success and have won European and Mediterranean titles in numerous sports during the years, such as wrestling, football, athletics and weightlifting. Albanian athletes have won a total 49 medals for Albania in 8 different Mediterranean sports.

1988–89 European Cup
The 1988–89 European Cup was the 34th season of the European Cup football club tournament. The competition was won by Milan, the first time since 1969 and third time overall, comfortably defeated former winners Steaua București in the final.

As the defending champions, PSV Eindhoven received a bye to the second round, but were eliminated by Real Madrid in the quarter-finals. English clubs were still banned, following the Heysel Stadium disaster of 1985, so Liverpool were denied a place in the competition.
Sinking of the Teleorman
On October 31, 1912, the longboat Teleorman, a Romanian Navy vessel, was traveling on the Danube from Călărași to Ostrov. On board were 44 border guards stationed at Predeal, on the frontier with Austria-Hungary. In addition, a civilian mechanic, a stoker, a corporal and two sergeants were on the boat. The Teleorman sank upon reaching a bend in the Borcea, the Danube channel at Călărași. This occurred because the boat was too full and listed to one side at the turn. The troops were thrown to that side, causing the boat to overturn and sink. The boat was located, and telegrams requesting divers were sent to Giurgiu and Constanța. The navy sergeant commanding the vessel was rescued, as were a border guard sergeant, three soldiers and two sailors; 44 died.

Călărași
Călărași (Romanian pronunciation: [kələˈraʃʲ] ⓘ; Bulgarian: Кълъраш, romanized: Kŭlŭrash), the capital of Călărași County in the Muntenia region, is situated in south-east Romania, on the banks of the Danube's Borcea branch, at about 12 kilometres (7 miles) from the Bulgarian border and 125 kilometres (78 miles) from Bucharest. It is one of six Romanian county seats lying on the river Danube.

The city is an industrial centre for lumber and paper, food processing, glass manufacturing, textiles, medical equipment production, and heavy industry, the last one represented by the Călărași steel works. The city is known colloquially as "Capșa provinciei" (the Capșa from the provinces).
A. J. Meerwald
A.J. Meerwald, later known as Clyde A. Phillips, is a restored dredging oyster schooner, whose home port is in the Bivalve section of Commercial Township in Cumberland County, New Jersey. The gaff-rigged schooner was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 7, 1995, for her significance in architecture, commerce, and maritime history. She became the state tall ship in 1998. Today, A.J. Meerwald is used by the Bayshore Center at Bivalve for onboard educational programs in the Delaware Bay, and at other ports in the New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware region.

Port Norris, New Jersey
Port Norris is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located within Commercial Township, in Cumberland County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. It is part of the Vineland-Millville- Bridgeton Primary Metropolitan Statistical Area for statistical purposes. As of the 2000 United States census, the CDP's population was 1,377. Legislation was passed in 1911, allowing voters to choose to incorporate Port Norris as a borough, independent from Commercial Township, but it was defeated in a referendum.
Bone Bolango Regency
Bone Bolango (Indonesian pronunciation: [ˌbone boˈlaŋo]) is a regency of Gorontalo Province, Indonesia, on the island of Sulawesi. It was established in 2003 under Law Number (Undang-Undang Nomor) 6/2003 from the former eastern districts of Gorontalo Regency. It has an area of 1,915.44 km2 and had a population of 141,915 at the 2010 Census and 162,778 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 172,301 (comprising 86,721 males and 85,580 females). The administrative centre of the regency is the town of Suwawa.

Gorontalo Regency
Gorontalo is a regency of Gorontalo Province, Indonesia, on the island of Sulawesi. It was established in 1959 under Law No. 29/1959 from the remaining parts of North Sulawesi Regency (not to be confused with the current province), but has subsequently been reduced in area as additional regencies have been cut out of it. It now has an area of 2,189.08 km2 and had a population of 355,988 at the 2010 Census and 393,107 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 418,244 (comprising 210,454 males and 207,790 females). The administrative headquarters of the regency is in the town of Limboto.
Tom Liberatore
Thomas Francis Liberatore (born 16 May 1992) is an Australian rules footballer who plays for the Western Bulldogs in the Australian Football League (AFL). At 1.84 m (6.0 ft) and 85 kg (187 lb), he plays as a contested ball-winning midfielder who applies high amounts of pressure. He is the eldest son of former Bulldogs player Tony Liberatore. He was born and raised in Melbourne, Victoria. While attending St Kevin's College he played top-level junior football with the Calder Cannons in the NAB League.

Liberatore was drafted with the 40th selection of the 2010 AFL draft. He made his AFL debut in the 2010 AFL season. Since then, Liberatore has been a AFL Premiership player, a Charles Sutton Medallist, a two-time Doug Hawkins Medallist, a two-time Gary Dempsey Medallist, a dual-member of the 22 Under 22 team, and the Western Bulldogs' vice-captain as of 2024. He has polled a total of 50 Brownlow Medal votes in his career.

2016 AFL Grand Final
The 2016 AFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between Sydney and the Western Bulldogs at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 1 October 2016. It was the 121st annual Grand Final of the Australian Football League (formerly the Victorian Football League), staged to determine the premiers of the 2016 AFL season. The match, attended by 99,981 spectators, was won by the Bulldogs by a margin of 22 points, marking the club's second VFL/AFL premiership victory and first since 1954. It was the first time in VFL/AFL history that a team won the premiership from seventh place on the ladder. Jason Johannisen of the Bulldogs was awarded the Norm Smith Medal as the best player on the ground.
1973 Constitution of Sudan
The 1973 Constitution of Sudan, known at the time as the Permanent Constitution of Sudan, was the first permanent constitution in Sudan introduced under the leadership of President Gaafar Nimeiry. The constitution explicitly identified Islamic law as a primary source of legislation, which was a pivotal shift from previous legal frameworks that had been more secular in nature. The constitution was enacted in May 1973.

Democratic Republic of Sudan
On 25 May 1969, several young officers calling themselves the Free Officers Movement (after the Egyptian officers who instigated the Egyptian revolution of 1952) seized power in Sudan in a coup d'état and started the Nimeiry era, also called the May Regime, in the history of Sudan. Gaafar Nimeiry ruled as president with the Sudanese Socialist Union (SSU). At the conspiracy's core were nine officers led by Colonel Gaafar Nimeiry, who had been implicated in plots against the Abboud regime. Nimeiry's coup preempted plots by other groups, most of which involved army factions supported by the Sudanese Communist Party (SCP), Arab nationalists, or conservative religious groups. He justified the coup on the grounds that civilian politicians had paralyzed the decision-making process, had failed to deal with the country's economic and regional problems, and had left Sudan without a permanent constitution.
Saturation vapor curve
In thermodynamics, the saturation vapor curve is the curve separating the two-phase state and the superheated  vapor state in the T–s diagram (temperature–entropy diagram).

The saturated liquid curve is the curve separating the subcooled liquid state and the two-phase state in the T–s diagram.

When used in a power cycle, the fluid expansion depends strongly on the nature of this saturation curve:

A "wet" fluid shows a negative saturation vapor curve. If overheating before the expansion is limited, a two-phase state is obtained at the end of the expansion.

An "isentropic" fluid shows a vertical saturation vapor curve. It remains very close to the saturated vapor state after an hypothetical isentropic expansion.

A "dry" fluid shows a positive saturation vapor curve. It is in dry vapor state at the end of the expansion, and strongly overheated.

Superheating
In thermodynamics, superheating (sometimes referred to as boiling retardation, or boiling delay) is the phenomenon in which a liquid is heated to a temperature higher than its boiling point, without boiling. This is a so-called metastable state or metastate, where boiling might occur at any time, induced by external or internal effects. Superheating is achieved by heating a homogeneous substance in a clean container, free of nucleation sites, while taking care not to disturb the liquid.

This may occur by microwaving water in a very smooth container. Disturbing the water may cause an unsafe eruption of hot water and result in burns.
New York's 27th State Assembly district
New York's 27th State Assembly district is one of the 150 districts in the New York State Assembly in the United States. The seat is represented by Sam Berger since a special election in 2023, succeeding Daniel Rosenthal.

Whitestone, Queens
Whitestone is a residential neighborhood in the northernmost part of the New York City borough of Queens. The neighborhood proper is located between the East River to the north; College Point and Whitestone Expressway to the west; Flushing and 25th Avenue to the south; and Bayside and Francis Lewis Boulevard to the east.

Whitestone contains the subsection of Malba, which is bounded to the north by the East River, to the east by the Whitestone Expressway, to the south by 14th Avenue, and to the west by 138th Street. Malba was cited in a New York Times article as one of the few "elite enclaves" of Queens.

Whitestone is located in Queens Community District 7 and its ZIP Code is 11357. It is patrolled by the New York City Police Department's 109th Precinct. Politically, Whitestone is represented by the New York City Council's 19th District.
2022 Internationaux de Tennis de Troyes
The 2022 Internationaux de Tennis de Troyes was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the first edition of the tournament which was part of the 2022 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Troyes, France between 27 June and 3 July 2022. The first edition was originally supposed to be held in 2020 but was canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

2022 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour in 2022 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2022 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 184 tournaments with prize money ranging from $37,520 up to $159,360. It was the 45th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle and 14th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Big Brother (Swedish TV series) season 5
Big Brother 2011 was the fifth season of the Swedish version of the reality show Big Brother. It was premièred on 20 February 2011, when 17 housemates were locked inside a house located in Årsta Partihallar outside Stockholm TV11 broadcasts program six nights a week. Highlights shows are broadcast from Monday to Friday 22:00-23:00. Weekly Finals are broadcast on Sunday 21:00-22:25. For a fee, the viewer could also follow the participants live on the Internet. Overall, participants were locked up for 106 days (15 weeks). On 26 January 2011, it was announced that Gry Forssell would be the host of the show.

The winner of the fifth Swedish Big Brother series receives a grand prize of 500,000 SEK.

Big Brother (Swedish TV series)
Big Brother or Big Brother Sverige was the Swedish version of the Big Brother reality television franchise, which was created by producer John de Mol Jr. and premiered in 2000. The show featured contestants who lived together in custom-built house and were isolated from the outside world. One person was evicted every week by public vote, with the last remaining housemate winning a cash prize.

The show aired on Kanal 5 from 2002–2004, on Kanal 11 from 2011–2015, and on Sjuan from 2020–2021. TV4 cancelled Big Brother Sverige on Christmas Eve in 2021, after 9 seasons and 913 episodes, due to low ratings.
Kumkapı
Kumkapı (meaning "sand gate" in Turkish) is a quarter in Fatih district of Istanbul. It is located along the northern shore of Marmara Sea. Up to recent times, Kumkapı is the center of the Armenian community of the city, boasting a school and several churches. It is also where the seat of the Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople is located. The quarter is famous for its many fish restaurants; therefore attracting many local and foreign tourists round the year.

Fatih
Fatih (Turkish pronunciation: [ˈfaːtih]) or the Historical peninsula (in Turkish: Tarihi Yarımada),  is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its area is 15 km2, and its population is 368,227 (2022). It is home to almost all of the provincial authorities (including the mayor's office, police headquarters, metropolitan municipality and tax office) but not the courthouse. It encompasses the historical peninsula, coinciding with old Constantinople. In 2009, the district of Eminönü, which had been a separate municipality located at the tip of the peninsula, was once again remerged into Fatih because of its small population. Fatih is bordered by the Golden Horn to the north and the Sea of Marmara to the south, while the Western border is demarked by the Theodosian wall and the east by the Bosphorus Strait.
Brentopara Inlet
Brentopara Inlet (Bulgarian: залив Брентопара, ‘Zaliv Brentopara’ \'za-liv bren-to-'pa-ra\) is the 7 km wide inlet indenting for 6.2 km the east coast of Churchill Peninsula, Oscar II Coast in Graham Land.  It is part of Adie Inlet entered southeast of Cavarus Point and northwest of Astro Cliffs.  The feature is named after the ancient Thracian town of Brentopara in Southern Bulgaria.

Oscar II Coast
Oscar II Coast is that portion of the east coast of the Antarctic Peninsula between Cape Fairweather to the north, and Cape Alexander to the south. Discovered in 1893 by Captain C.A. Larsen, who named it for King Oscar II of Norway and Sweden. To the north of this coast is Nordenskjöld Coast.