hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Taiji Cave
Taiji Cave (simplified Chinese: 太极洞; traditional Chinese: 太極洞; pinyin: Tàijí Dòng; lit. 'Cave of the Supreme Ultimate') is a karst cave located on Shilong Mountain (石龙山) in Guangde County, Xuancheng City, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China, where the provinces of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui meet. Ming dynasty writer and poet Feng Menglong described the cave as one of the "Four Absolutes Under Heaven" (天下四绝 Tīanxià Sìjué).  It is also considered a primary "Place of Enlightenment" (道教道场 Dàojiào Dàochǎng) by Taoists, similar to the Bodhimanda of Buddhism. The 200-million-year-old cave is divided into dry and wet layers representing the yin and yang of Chinese philosophy.

In February 2004, the Chinese State Council included the cave on its fifth list of National Scenic Attractions. It is also a 4A rated National Tourism Area.

Taiji (philosophy)
In Chinese philosophy, taiji (Chinese: 太極; pinyin: tàijí; Wade–Giles: tʻai chi; trans. "supreme ultimate") is a cosmological state of the universe and its affairs on all levels—including the mutually reinforcing, codependent interactions between the two opposing forces of yin and yang (a dualistic monism), as well as that among the Three Treasures, the four cardinal directions, and the Five Elements—which together ultimately bring about the myriad of things from the Eight directions, each with their own nature. The concept of taiji has reappeared throughout the technological, religious, and philosophical history of the Sinosphere, finding concrete application in techniques developed in acupuncture and traditional Chinese medicine.
The Mathis Collection
The Mathis Collection is a compilation album by American pop singer Johnny Mathis that was released in the UK in 1977 by CBS Records. The subtitle on the cover reads, "40 of my favorite songs", and a statement from Mathis in the liner notes says, "Songs are very personal things. On this double album I have attempted to put together a collection of those which are most meaningful for me. I hope they mean as much to you." The compilation includes six of the 12 songs that had reached the UK singles chart by the time of its release ("A Certain Smile", "Winter Wonderland", "Someone", "Misty", "I'm Stone in Love with You", and his UK number one from 1976, "When a Child Is Born")  but focuses mainly on album tracks.

The two-LP set entered the UK album chart on June 18, 1977, and stayed there for 39 weeks, four of which were spent in the number one position.

A Certain Smile (song)
"A Certain Smile" is a popular song that was written by Sammy Fain and Paul Francis Webster for the 1958 film of the same name. Johnny Mathis performed the song in the film, and his recording reached the top 20 on the record charts in the US and the top five in the UK.
The songwriters were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song in 1959.
Council (Scouting America)
The Scouting programs of Scouting America is administered through 248 councils, with each council covering a geographic area that may vary from a single city to an entire state. Each council receives an annual charter from the National Council and is usually incorporated as a charitable organization. Most councils are administratively divided into geographic districts that directly serve Scouting units.

Councils previously fall into one of four regions: Western, Central, Southern, and Northeast. Each region is then subdivided into areas. The total number of councils depends on how they are counted:

There are 248 individual local councils

Direct Service covers units outside of local councils— although technically not a council it is assigned a council number

Greater New York Councils has five boroughs, each with an assigned council number

Michigan Crossroads Council has four field service councils, each with an assigned council number

Greater New York Councils
The Greater New York Councils (GNYC) is a local council of Scouting America that serves the New York City area. GNYC has a unique organization in that it is sub-divided into boroughs, each of which is led by a borough executive. The boroughs are then divided into districts. Over five million young people have experienced Scouting through GNYC, since the council's inception in the 1920s.

The programs of the Scouting America aim to serve young people by encouraging healthy habits and a lifelong appreciation of physical and personal fitness, replacing bullying with kindness, instilling a sense of environmental stewardship and sustainability, and providing leadership development opportunities and STEM Education, preparing young people for the workforce. The mission of the Scouting America is to prepare young people to make ethical and moral choices over their lifetimes by instilling in them the values of the Scout Oath and Law.
Nonstandard calculus
In mathematics, nonstandard calculus is the modern application of infinitesimals, in the sense of nonstandard analysis, to infinitesimal calculus. It provides a rigorous justification for some arguments in calculus that were previously considered merely heuristic.

Non-rigorous calculations with infinitesimals were widely used before Karl Weierstrass sought to replace them with the (ε, δ)-definition of limit starting in the 1870s. For almost one hundred years thereafter, mathematicians such as Richard Courant viewed infinitesimals as being naive and vague or meaningless.

Contrary to such views, Abraham Robinson showed in 1960 that infinitesimals are precise, clear, and meaningful, building upon work by Edwin Hewitt and Jerzy Łoś. According to Howard Keisler, "Robinson solved a three hundred year old problem by giving a precise treatment of infinitesimals.  Robinson's achievement will probably rank as one of the major mathematical advances of the twentieth century."

Karl Weierstrass
Karl Theodor Wilhelm Weierstrass (/ˈvaɪərˌstrɑːs, -ˌʃtrɑːs/; German: Weierstraß [ˈvaɪɐʃtʁaːs]; 31 October 1815 – 19 February 1897) was a German mathematician often cited as the "father of modern analysis". Despite leaving university without a degree, he studied mathematics and trained as a school teacher, eventually teaching mathematics, physics, botany and gymnastics. He later received an honorary doctorate and became professor of mathematics in Berlin.

Among many other contributions, Weierstrass  formalized the definition of the continuity of a function and complex analysis, proved the intermediate value theorem and the Bolzano–Weierstrass theorem, and used the latter to study the properties of continuous functions on closed bounded intervals.
2002 Vuelta a España, Stage 12 to Stage 21
The 2002 Vuelta a España was the 57th edition of the Vuelta a España, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Vuelta began in Valencia, with a team time trial on 7 September, and Stage 12 occurred on 19 September with a stage from Segovia. The race finished in Madrid on 29 September.

Segovia
Segovia (/sɪˈɡoʊviə/ sig-OH-vee-ə, US also /seɪˈ-/ say-GOH-, Spanish: [seˈɣoβja] ⓘ) is a city in the autonomous community of Castile and León, Spain. It is the capital and most populated municipality of the Province of Segovia. Segovia is located in the Inner Plateau of the Iberian Peninsula, near the northern slopes of the Sistema Central mountain range. Housing is nestled on a bend of the Eresma river.

The city is famous for its historic buildings including three main landmarks: its midtown Roman aqueduct, its cathedral (one of the last ones to be built in Europe following a Gothic style), and the Alcázar of Segovia (a fortress). The city center was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1985.
Empire Outlets
Empire Outlets New York City is a 350,000-square-foot (33,000 m2) retail complex in the St. George neighborhood of Staten Island in New York City. Construction on Empire Outlets started in 2015, and the complex opened on May 15, 2019. Tentative plans called for 100 stores, but there is only space for about 70 stores, less than half of which are currently occupied. 
It is the first outlet mall in New York City. The mall is located next to the St. George Terminal, a major ferry, train, and bus hub.

Outlet store
An outlet store, factory outlet or factory store is a brick and mortar or online store where manufacturers sell their merchandise directly to the public. Products at outlet stores are usually sold at reduced prices compared to regular stores due to being overstock, closeout, returned, factory seconds, or lower-quality versions manufactured specifically for outlets. Traditionally, a factory outlet was a store attached to a factory or warehouse, sometimes allowing customers to watch the production process, such as in the original L.L. Bean store. In modern usage, outlet stores are typically manufacturer-branded stores such as Gap or Bon Worth grouped together in outlet malls. The invention of the factory outlet store is often credited to Harold Alfond, founder of the Dexter Shoe Company.
Marqueston Huff
Marqueston Devonte Huff (born April 6, 1992), also known by his nickname "Quest", is an American former professional football player who was a safety in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Wyoming Cowboys and was selected by the Tennessee Titans in the fourth round of the 2014 NFL draft. He was also a member of the Jacksonville Jaguars, Baltimore Ravens, Kansas City Chiefs, Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Dallas Cowboys, and Houston Roughnecks.

Houston Roughnecks (XFL)
The Houston Roughnecks were a professional American football team based in Houston, Texas. The Roughnecks competed in the XFL football league. The team was founded by Vince McMahon’s Alpha Entertainment and were an owned-and-operated by Dwayne Johnson’s Alpha Acquico. The Roughnecks played their home games at TDECU Stadium.  The Roughnecks had a franchise regular season record of 12-3 (.800), the highest win percentage among all XFL teams (tied with DC Defenders).

Following the merger of the USFL and XFL in 2024 as the United Football League, the Roughnecks branding was transferred to the former Houston Gamblers, which had competed in the USFL in 2022 and 2023 as a traveling team.
Hatia–Rourkela line
The Hatia–Rourkela line is an Indian railway line connecting Hatia on the Netaji S.C.Bose Gomoh–Hatia line in Jharkhand with Rourkela on the Tatanagar–Bilaspur section in Odisha. This 165-kilometre (103 mi) track is under the jurisdiction of South Eastern Railway.

Tatanagar–Bilaspur section
The Tatanagar–Bilaspur section is part of the Howrah–Nagpur–Mumbai line and connects Tatanagar in the Indian state of Jharkhand and Bilaspur in Chhattisgarh. Part of one of the major trunk lines in the country, it passes through an industrial-mining area and handles high volumes of freight, particularly coal and iron ore.
Nicolas Zimmer
Nicolas Zimmer (born 14 June 1970) is a German entrepreneur, lawyer and former CDU politician. He is the current head of the Berlin-based research institute Technologiestiftung Berlin. He was a member of the Abgeordnetenhaus of Berlin from 1998 to 2011 and concurrently the Secretary of State for the Economy, Technology and Research.

Berlin House of Representatives
The Berlin House of Representatives (German: Abgeordnetenhaus (German: [ˈʔapɡəʔɔʁdnətn̩ˌhaʊs] ⓘ) is the state parliament (Landtag) of Berlin, Germany according to the city-state's constitution. In 1993, the parliament moved from Rathaus Schöneberg to its present house on Niederkirchnerstraße in Mitte, which from 1899 until 1934 was the seat of the Prussian House of Representatives. The current president of the parliament is Cornelia Seibeld (CDU).
Horace Silver and the Jazz Messengers
Horace Silver and the Jazz Messengers is an album by Horace Silver and the Jazz Messengers compiling two 1955 10" LPs—Horace Silver Quintet, Vol. 3 (BLP 5058) and Horace Silver Quintet, Vol. 4 (BLP 5062)—recorded on November 13, 1954, and February 6, 1955, respectively, and released on Blue Note in October 1956—Silver’s debut 12". The quintet features horn section Hank Mobley and Kenny Dorham and rhythm section Doug Watkins and Art Blakey.

Kenny Dorham
McKinley Howard "Kenny" Dorham (August 30, 1924 – December 5, 1972) was an American jazz trumpeter, composer, and occasional singer. Dorham's talent is frequently lauded by critics and other musicians, but he never received the kind of attention or public recognition from the jazz establishment that many of his peers did. For this reason, writer Gary Giddins said that Dorham's name has become "virtually synonymous with 'underrated'."

Dorham also composed the bossa nova jazz standard "Blue Bossa", which was first recorded by his associate Joe Henderson.
Anderson Ruffin Abbott
Anderson Ruffin Abbott (7 April 1837 – 29 December 1913) was a Canadian physician and an officer in the Union army during the American Civil War. He was the first Black Canadian to be licensed as a physician. After his American war service, he became the coroner and later surgeon-in-chief in Kent County, Ontario.

Coroner
A coroner is a government or judicial official who is empowered to conduct or order an inquest into the manner or cause of death. The official may also investigate or confirm the identity of an unknown person who has been found dead within the coroner's jurisdiction.

In Medieval England, English coroners were Crown officials who held financial powers and conducted some judicial investigations in order to counterbalance the power of sheriffs or bailiffs.

Depending on the jurisdiction, the coroner may adjudge the cause of death personally, or may act as the presiding officer of a special court (a "coroner's jury"). The term coroner derives from the same source as the word crown.
St. Michael's Hospital (Toronto)
St. Michael's Hospital is a teaching hospital and medical centre in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was established by the Sisters of St. Joseph in 1892 with the founding goal of taking care of the sick and the poor of Toronto's inner city. The hospital provides tertiary and quaternary services in cardiovascular surgery, neurosurgery, inner city health, and therapeutic endoscopy. It is one of two Level 1 adult trauma centres in Greater Toronto, along with the larger Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre. As trauma centres, both St. Michael's and Sunnybrook are equipped with helipads. It is one of several teaching hospitals of the University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine and is part of the Unity Health Toronto hospital network.

Neurosurgery
Neurosurgery or/and neurological surgery, also known in common parlance as brain surgery, is the medical specialty that focuses on the surgical treatment or rehabilitation of disorders that affect any portion of the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nervous system, and cerebrovascular system. Neurosurgery as a medical specialty also includes non-surgical management of some neurological conditions.
Kha with caron
Kha with caron (Х̌ х̌ italics: Х̌ х̌) is a letter of the Cyrillic script. It is used in the Shughni and Wakhi languages, where it represents the voiceless velar fricative /x/, like the Scottish ⟨ch⟩ in "loch". In Shughni, it can be substituted for the digraph хь, and corresponds to the Latin letters Ẋ or X̌.

Voiceless velar fricative
A voiceless velar fricative is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. It is familiar to many people as the German "ch" sound in "Bach".  It was part of the consonant inventory of Old English and can still be found in some modern dialects of English, most notably in Scottish English, for example in loch, broch and saugh (willow).

The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨x⟩, the Latin letter x. It is also used in broad transcription instead of the symbol ⟨χ⟩, the Greek chi, for the voiceless uvular fricative.

There is also a voiceless post-velar fricative (also called pre-uvular) in some languages, which can be transcribed as ⟨x̠⟩ or ⟨χ᫈⟩. For voiceless pre-velar fricative (also called post-palatal), see voiceless palatal fricative.
Cyclamate
Cyclamate is an artificial sweetener. It is 30–50 times sweeter than sucrose (table sugar), making it the least potent of the commercially used artificial sweeteners. It is often used with other artificial sweeteners, especially saccharin; the mixture of 10 parts cyclamate to 1 part saccharin is common and masks the off-tastes of both sweeteners. It is less expensive than most sweeteners, including sucralose, and is stable under heating. Safety concerns led to it being banned in a few countries, though the European Union considers it safe.

Sucralose
Sucralose is an artificial sweetener and sugar substitute. In the European Union, it is also known under the E number E955. It is produced by chlorination of sucrose, selectively replacing three of the hydroxy groups—in the C1 and C6 positions of the fructose portion and the C4 position of the glucose portion—to give a 1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxyfructose–4-chloro-4-deoxygalactose disaccharide. Sucralose is about 600 times sweeter than sucrose (table sugar), 3 times as sweet as both aspartame and acesulfame potassium, and 2 times as sweet as sodium saccharin.

The commercial success of sucralose-based products stems from its favorable comparison to other low-calorie sweeteners in terms of taste, stability, and safety.
Denis Sampson
Denis Sampson is an Irish writer and literary critic who was born in Whitegate, County Clare in Ireland in 1948 and now lives in Montreal, Canada. In 2015 he wrote a memoir, A Migrant Life, about his rural Irish childhood and his passion for books. He is review editor for the Canadian Journal of Irish Studies and an English teacher at Vanier College, Montreal.

His published works include studies of the works of John McGahern and of Brian Moore.

Sampson has a bachelor's degree and a master's degree in English language and literature from University College, Dublin and a PhD in English language and literature from McGill University, Montreal.

He is a cousin of Irish novelist Edna O'Brien.

John McGahern
John McGahern (12 November 1934 – 30 March 2006) was an Irish writer and novelist.

Known for the detailed dissection of Irish life found in works such as The Barracks, The Dark and Amongst Women, he was hailed by The Observer as "the greatest living Irish novelist" and in its obituary The Guardian described him as "arguably the most important Irish novelist since Samuel Beckett".
Guido Aleati
Guido Aleati (born c. 1918) is an Italian rugby union and professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1940s and 1950s. He played club level rugby union (RU) for R.S. Ginnastica Torino, and representative level rugby league (RL) for Italy, and at club level for Torino XIII, as a wing or centre.

RS Ginnastica Torino
Reale Società Ginnastica di Torino is a sports club from Turin, founded on 17 March 1844. It is the oldest of its kind in Italy, it is most famous for competing in the Italian Football Championship with its football section which opened in 1897.
Petr Sýkora
Petr Sýkora (Czech pronunciation: [ˈpɛtr̩ ˈsiːkora]; born November 19, 1976) is a Czech former professional ice hockey right winger who played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the New Jersey Devils, Mighty Ducks of Anaheim, New York Rangers, Edmonton Oilers, Pittsburgh Penguins, and Minnesota Wild. Sýkora played in six Stanley Cup Finals in his NHL career, winning the Stanley Cup twice, first in 2000 with the Devils, and then in 2009 with the Penguins.

Minnesota Wild
The Minnesota Wild are a professional ice hockey team based in Saint Paul, Minnesota. The Wild compete in the National Hockey League (NHL) as a member of the Central Division in the Western Conference. The team plays its home games at the Grand Casino Arena, and is owned by Craig Leipold. The Wild are affiliated with the Iowa Wild of the American Hockey League (AHL) and the Iowa Heartlanders of the ECHL.

The Wild were founded on June 25, 1997, and began play in the 2000–01 season. The team was founded following the departure of the Minnesota North Stars, who were based in Minnesota from 1967 to 1993, when they relocated to Dallas, Texas, and became the Dallas Stars. The Wild made their first Stanley Cup playoffs appearance in 2003, making a surprise run to the Western Conference finals, but ultimately losing to the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim. The team have appeared in the playoffs a total of 14 times, and have won one division championship, in 2008.
QuayLink
QuayLink was a bus service in Tyne and Wear, England, which connected Gateshead and Newcastle upon Tyne, and later North Tyneside, with the Quayside. Funded by the Tyne and Wear Passenger Transport Executive, the service was launched on 22 July 2005. Operated initially by Stagecoach North East, the service was transferred to Go North East in July 2010 – later being operated commercially from July 2015, following budget cuts.

Gateshead
Gateshead (/ˈɡeɪts(h)ɛd/) is a town in the Gateshead Metropolitan Borough of Tyne and Wear, England. It is on the River Tyne's southern bank. At the 2021 census, the population was 196,151.

Historically part of County Durham, under the Local Government Act 1888 the town was made a county borough, meaning it was administered independently of the county council.

The town's attractions include the twenty-metre-tall Angel of the North sculpture on the town's southern outskirts, The Glasshouse International Centre for Music and the Baltic Centre for Contemporary Art. The town shares the Millennium Bridge, Tyne Bridge and multiple other bridges with Newcastle upon Tyne.
Nigel Xavier
Nigel Xavier (born November 29, 1994) is an Atlanta-based fashion designer who grew up in Boardman, Ohio known for his patchwork and textile manipulation. In 2023, he was named the Next in Fashion Season 2 winner and is called the "wizard of denim."

Next in Fashion
Next in Fashion (NIF) is a reality show and fashion design competition series hosted by fashion designer Tan France and model Gigi Hadid (formerly hosted by France and fellow designer Alexa Chung). It follows designers from around the world as they compete for the chance to win $250,000 and debut a collection on luxury fashion retailer site Net-a-Porter.

In June 2020, Netflix announced it was cancelling the series after one season. Nevertheless, it was announced on the series’s Instagram that the show would have a second season that would feature Tan France and Gigi Hadid. The second season premiered on March 3, 2023.
Timeline of radio
The timeline of radio lists within the history of radio, the technology and events that produced instruments that use radio waves and activities that people undertook. Later, the history is dominated by programming and contents, which is closer to general history.

Arc converter
The arc converter, sometimes called the arc transmitter, or Poulsen arc after Danish engineer Valdemar Poulsen who invented it in 1903, was a variety of spark transmitter used in early wireless telegraphy. The arc converter used an electric arc to convert direct current electricity into radio frequency alternating current. It was used as a radio transmitter from 1903 until the 1920s when it was replaced by vacuum tube transmitters. One of the first transmitters that could generate continuous sinusoidal waves, it was one of the first technologies used to transmit sound (amplitude modulation) by radio. It is on the list of IEEE Milestones as a historic achievement in electrical engineering.