hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ideal electrode
In electrochemistry, there are two types of ideal electrode: the ideal polarizable electrode and the ideal non-polarizable electrode. An ideal polarizable electrode is characterized by charge separation at the electrode-electrolyte boundary and is electrically equivalent to a capacitor, while an ideal non-polarizable electrode is characterized by a lack of charge separation and is electrically equivalent to a short circuit.

Electrochemistry
Electrochemistry is the branch of physical chemistry concerned with the relationship between electrical potential difference and identifiable chemical change. These reactions involve electrons moving via an electronically conducting phase (typically an external electric circuit, but not necessarily, as in electroless plating) between electrodes separated by an ionically conducting and electronically insulating electrolyte (or ionic species in a solution).

When a chemical reaction is driven by an electrical potential difference, as in electrolysis, or if a potential difference results from a chemical reaction as in an electric battery or fuel cell, it is called an electrochemical reaction. In electrochemical reactions, unlike in other chemical reactions,  electrons are not transferred directly between atoms, ions, or molecules, but via the aforementioned electric circuit. This phenomenon is what distinguishes an electrochemical reaction from a conventional chemical reaction.
Tina Onassis Niarchos
Athina Mary "Tina" Onassis Niarchos (née Livanos; Greek: Αθηνά "Τίνα" Λιβανού, pronounced [aθiˈna ˈtina livaˈnu]; 19 March 1929 – 10 October 1974) was an English-born Greek-French socialite and shipping heiress. She was second daughter of the Greek shipping magnate Stavros G. Livanos and Arietta Zafirakis. Niarchos was also the first wife of Aristotle Onassis, and later married her older sister Eugenia's widower and Greek shipping tycoon, Stavros Niarchos, who was her first husband Onassis's arch-rival. She was also an elder sister of George Stavros Livanos.

Stavros G. Livanos
Stavros George Livanos (Greek: Σταύρος Λιβανός; 1887 or 1890 – May 28, 1963), was a Greek shipowner, native of the northern Aegean Sea island of Chios, and the founder of the Livanos shipping empire. He was also a rival as well as father-in-law to billionaire Greek shipping tycoons Aristotle Onassis and Stavros Niarchos.
Continuum concept
The continuum concept is an idea, coined by Jean Liedloff in her 1975 book The Continuum Concept, that human beings have an innate set of expectations (which Liedloff calls the continuum) that our evolution as a species has designed us to meet in order to achieve optimal physical, mental, and emotional development and adaptability. According to Liedloff, in order to achieve this level of development, young humans (especially babies) require the kind of experience to which our species adapted during the long process of our evolution by natural selection.

Development of the human body
Development of the human body is the process of growth to maturity. The process begins with fertilization, where an egg released from the ovary of a female is penetrated by a sperm cell from a male. The resulting zygote develops through cell proliferation and differentiation, and the resulting embryo then implants in the uterus, where the embryo continues development through a fetal stage until birth. Further growth and development continues after birth, and includes both physical and psychological development that is influenced by genetic, hormonal, environmental and other factors. This continues throughout life: through childhood and adolescence into adulthood.
Kiyama Island
Kiyama Island (Japanese: 木山島) is an uninhabited island of the Amami Islands within the larger Satsunan Islands, Japan, administratively belonging to Setouchi, Ōshima District, Kagoshima Prefecture. It is just 300 meters from Ukejima and can be reached by a jeep track from Ukeamuro town on Ukejima. There is a diving and fishing spot and a beach on the island.

Setouchi, Kagoshima
Setouchi (瀬戸内町, Setouchi-chō) is a town located primarily on Amami Ōshima, in Ōshima District, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan.

As of 1 October 2020, the town had an estimated population of 8,546 and a population density of 35.62 persons per km². The total area was 239.91 km².
Manya Shochat
Manya Shochat (Hebrew: מניה שוחט; also Mania, Wilbuszewicz/Wilbushewitz; later Shochat; 1880–1961) was a Russian-Jewish politician who was a leading figure in the Zionist movement. She was influential in the establishment of kibbutzim in Palestine in the early 1900s, which laid the groundwork for the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948.

Edmond James de Rothschild
Baron Abraham Edmond Benjamin James de Rothschild (Hebrew: הברון אברהם אדמונד בנימין  ג'יימס  רוטשילד, romanized: HaBaron Avraham Edmond Binyamin Ya'akov Rotshield; 19 August 1845 – 2 November 1934) was a French member of the Rothschild banking family. A strong supporter of Zionism, his large donations lent significant support to the first Jewish settlements in Palestine (the First Aliyah), which eventually led to the establishment of the State of Israel—where he is simply known as "Baron Rothschild", "HaBaron" (lit. 'The Baron'), or "Hanadiv Hayeduah" (lit. 'The noble philanthropist').
Tripiṭaka tablets at Kuthodaw Pagoda
Stone tablets inscribed with the Tripiṭaka (and other Buddhist texts) stand upright in the grounds of the Kuthodaw Pagoda (kuthodaw means 'royal merit') at the foot of Mandalay Hill in Mandalay, Myanmar (Burma). The work was commissioned by King Mindon as part of his transformation of Mandalay into a royal capital. It was completed in 1868. The text contains the Buddhist canon in the Burmese language.

There are 730 tablets and 1,460 pages. Each page is 1.07 metres (3+1⁄2 ft) wide, 1.53 metres (5 ft) tall and 13 centimetres (5+1⁄8 in) thick. Each stone tablet has its own roof and precious gem on top in a small cave-like structure of Sinhalese relic casket type called kyauksa gu (stone inscription cave in Burmese), and they are arranged around a central golden pagoda.

Thibaw Min
Thibaw Min, also Thebaw (Burmese: သီပေါ‌မင်း, pronounced [θìbɔ́ mɪ́ɰ̃]; 1 January 1859 – 16 December 1916), was the last king of the Konbaung dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) and also the last Burmese monarch in the country's history. His reign ended when the Royal Burmese armed forces were defeated by the forces of the British Empire in the Third Anglo-Burmese War, on 29 November 1885, prior to its official annexation on 1 January 1886.
Buchkamm
The Buchkamm, wrongly also called the Buchkamp, is a forested ridge south of Oberwildenthal in the western Saxon Ore Mountains of Germany. Its highest point is 951 metres above sea level and it runs from southwest to northeast, not far from the Czech border. The old Reichsstraße 93 from Leipzig, which makes its way over the Hirschenstander Pass to Karlsbad, runs past the foot of the Buchkamm by the Nasse Bridge. Today it is only used as a forest road. Until the 1990s there was also a royal Saxon milestone here. An old smuggler's path, the Butter Way (Butterweg), runs past the Buchkamm to the southeast. It was used to smuggle butter and other goods between Bohemia and Saxony. It is now a hiking trail.

The Große Bockau rises not far south of the Buchkamm on the Czech border.

In 1839 there was a mine, the Pfingstfest in operation on the Buchkamm.

Ore Mountain passes
The Ore Mountain passes (German: Erzgebirgspässe) are crossings and passages over the crest of the Ore Mountains in Central Europe, over which tracks, roads, railway lines and pipelines run from the Free State of Saxony in the Federal Republic of Germany to Bohemia in the Czech Republic and vice versa.
Brenner Regional Council
Brenner Regional Council (Hebrew: מועצה אזורית ברנר, Mo'atza Azorit Brenner; Arabic: المجلس الإقليمي برنر), is a regional council in the Central District of Israel. It is located in the westernmost portion of the Shephelah, in the vicinity of Rehovot and Yavne. The council is named after writer Yosef Haim Brenner, killed in the Jaffa riots of 1921.

The Council was established in 1950, with a jurisdiction of 36,000 dunams. As of 2007, the six communities in the council (two kibbutzim and four moshavim) are home to approximately 6,000 inhabitants.

Central District (Israel)
The Central District (Hebrew: מחוז המרכז, Meḥoz haMerkaz; Arabic: المنطقة الوسطى, Minṭaqat al-Wasaṭ) of Israel is one of six administrative districts, including most of the Sharon region. It is further divided into four sub-districts: Petah Tikva, Ramla, Sharon, and Rehovot. The district's largest city is Rishon LeZion. The district's population as of 2017 was 2,115,800. According to the Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics, 88% of the population is Jewish, 8.2% is Arab, and 4% are "non-classified", being mostly former Soviet Union immigrants of partial or nominal Jewish ethnic heritage or household members of Jews.
Ethiopian Space Science and Technology Institute
The Ethiopian Space Science and Technology Institute (ESSTI; Amharic: የኢትዮጵያ ስፔስ ሳይንስና ቴክኖሎጂ ኢ ንስቲትዩት, romanized: ye’ītiyop’iya sipēsi sayinisina tēkinolojī ī nisitītiyuti) is an Ethiopian institute for research, training and infrastructure development in space science, created in 2016.

Small satellite
A small satellite, miniaturized satellite, or smallsat is a satellite of low mass and size, usually under 1,200 kg (2,600 lb). While all such satellites can be referred to as "small", different classifications are used to categorize them based on mass. Satellites can be built small to reduce the large economic cost of launch vehicles and the costs associated with construction.  Miniature satellites, especially in large numbers, may be more useful than fewer, larger ones for some purposes – for example, gathering of scientific data and radio relay.  Technical challenges in the construction of small satellites may include the lack of sufficient power storage or of room for a propulsion system.
Inside Views
Inside Views (2001) is essentially a remix album of Circulatory System's first album, Circulatory System. It is made up of "cut and paste style fragments, demos and animation derived from pieces of the circulatory system album".  The album is meant to be played on shuffle mode.

All versions come in an unmarked CD case, sprayed green, with a picture of a different bird pasted on the front.

Circulatory System (album)
Circulatory System is the first album by the American music ensemble Circulatory System. It was released on August 28, 2001, on musician John Fernandes' Cloud Recordings label.

The album artwork is a juxtaposition of the album covers for Music from the Unrealized Film Script: Dusk at Cubist Castle and Black Foliage: Animation Music Volume One by Elephant 6 act the Olivia Tremor Control, who shared members with Circulatory System.
Street names of Marylebone
This is a list of the etymology of street names in the London district of Marylebone. The following utilises the generally accepted boundaries of Marylebone viz. Marylebone Road to the north, Great Portland Street to the east, Marble Arch and Oxford Street to the south and Edgware Road to the west.

Many of the names refer to the Portman family who owned this estate since William Portman acquired it in the 16th century; or to the Dukes of Portland, who owned much of this land following the marriage of William Bentinck, 2nd Duke of Portland to heiress Lady Margaret Harley in 1734.  Margaret was the daughter of Edward Harley, 2nd Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer, and his wife née Lady Henrietta Cavendish Holles, who inherited land here from her maternal grandfather Henry Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Newcastle.

Marylebone
Marylebone (usually /ˈmɑːrlɪbən/ MAR-lib-ən, also /ˈmærɪ(lə)bən/ MARR-il-ə-bən, MARR-ib-ən) is an area in London, England, and is located in the City of Westminster. It is in Central London and part of the West End. Oxford Street forms its southern boundary.

An ancient parish and latterly a metropolitan borough, it merged with the boroughs of Westminster and Paddington to form the new City of Westminster in 1965.

Marylebone station lies two miles north-west of Charing Cross.

The area is also served by numerous tube stations: Baker Street, Bond Street, Edgware Road (Bakerloo line), Edgware Road (Circle, District and Hammersmith & City lines), Great Portland Street, Marble Arch, Marylebone, Oxford Circus, and Regent's Park.
PEST analysis
In business analysis, PEST analysis (political, economic, social and technological) is a framework of external macro-environmental factors used in strategic management and market research.

PEST analysis was developed in 1967 by Francis Aguilar as an environmental scanning framework for businesses to understand the external conditions and relations of a business in order to assist managers in strategic planning. It has also been termed ETPS analysis.

PEST analyses give an overview of the different macro-environmental factors to be considered by a business, indicating market growth or decline, business position, as well as the potential of and direction for operations.

Labour law
Labour laws (also spelled as labor laws), labour code or employment laws are laws that mediate the relationship between workers, employing entities, trade unions, and the government. Collective labour law relates to the tripartite relationship between employee, employer, and union.

Individual labour law concerns employees' rights at work also through the contract for work. Employment standards are social norms (in some cases also technical standards) for the minimum socially acceptable conditions under which employees or contractors are allowed to work. Government agencies (such as the former US Employment Standards Administration) enforce labour law (legislature, regulatory, or judicial).
Astragalus cicer
Astragalus cicer, the chickpea milkvetch, chick-pea milk-vetch or cicer milkvetch, is a perennial flowering plant native to Eastern Europe, popularized and subsequently transported to areas in Southern Europe, North America, and South America. It produces pods that resemble those of chickpeas. Its flowers are usually of pale yellow tint (sometimes white), and attract bumble or European honey bees for pollination. Growth often exceeds 0.6 meters, up to a height of 1 meter in length.

Chickpea
The chickpea or chick pea (Cicer arietinum) is an annual legume of the family Fabaceae, subfamily Faboideae, cultivated for its edible seeds. Its different types are variously known as gram, Bengal gram, chana dal (চানা ডাল), garbanzo, garbanzo bean, or Egyptian pea. It is one of the earliest cultivated legumes, the oldest archaeological evidence of which was found in Syria.

Chickpeas are high in protein. The chickpea is a key ingredient in Mediterranean and Middle Eastern cuisines, used in hummus, and, when soaked and coarsely ground with herbs and spices, then made into patties and fried, falafel. As an important part of Indian cuisine, it is used in salads, soups, stews, and curries. In 2023, India accounted for 75% of global chickpea production.
All-Military Classic
The All-Military Classic was an annual two-day college basketball tournament hosted at rotating campus sites that featured four military academies – Air Force, Army, The Citadel, and VMI. The tournament was inaugurated in 2011, and was originally broadcast by CBS Sports Network for the semifinal games, though was most recently televised by ESPNU and ESPN3 in 2013. The fourth and final edition of the tournament was hosted and won by Army in 2014.

Army Black Knights men's basketball
The Army Black Knights men's basketball team represents the United States Military Academy in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I college basketball. Army currently competes as a member of the Patriot League and plays its home games at Christl Arena in West Point, New York. The Black Knights have never appeared in the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament.
Sevens Ale House
Sevens Ale House (known colloquially as The Sevens) is a public house in the heart of the  Beacon Hill neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. Located at 77 Charles Street, it has been in operation since 1933.

The pub has a distinctive silver beer stein on its overhead sign on the building's front. The establishment is also notable for being one of the few remaining with a dart board.

Harpoon Brewery brews a "Sevens Ale" specifically for the pub. Sevens Ale House was one of the brewery's first two accounts upon its foundation in 1986.

On June 2, 2017, Harrison Ford visited the pub, which is part of the Beacon Hill Business Association.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the business was closed for the 15-month period between March 2020 and June 2021.

Beacon Hill, Boston
Beacon Hill is a historic neighborhood in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. It is also the location of the Massachusetts State House. The term "Beacon Hill" is used locally as a metonym to refer to the state government or the legislature itself, much like Washington, D.C.'s Capitol Hill does at the federal level.

A bastion of "Old Money" Boston Brahmins, Federal-style rowhouses, narrow streets and brick sidewalks run through the neighborhood, which is generally regarded as one of the more desirable and expensive in Boston. As of the 2010 U.S. Census, the population of Boston's Beacon Hill neighborhood was 9,023.
Callaly
Callaly is a village and civil parish in Northumberland, England. It is about 9 miles (14 km) to the west of Alnwick. The main A697 road (to Morpeth) is 3 miles (5 km) away. It is on the line of the Roman road linking the Roman forts of High Rochester to the west and Learchild to the east, where it joins the Devil's Causeway Roman road to the north. The parish includes the hamlets of Lorbottle and Yetlington.

Alnwick
Alnwick (/ˈænɪk/ ⓘ AN-ik) is a market town in Northumberland, England, of which it is the traditional county town. The population at the 2021 Census was 8,430.

The town is 32 miles (51 km) south of Berwick-upon-Tweed and the Scottish border, 5 miles (8 km) inland from the North Sea at Alnmouth and 34 miles (55 km) north of Newcastle upon Tyne; it is sited on the south bank of the River Aln.

The town dates to about AD 600 and thrived as an agricultural centre. Alnwick Castle was the home of the most powerful medieval northern baronial family, the Earls of Northumberland. It was a staging post on the Great North Road between Edinburgh and London.
Bet365 Gold Cup
The Bet365 Gold Cup is a Premier Handicap National Hunt steeplechase in Great Britain which is open to horses aged five years or older. It is run at Sandown Park over a distance of about 3 miles and 4½ furlongs (3 miles, 4 furlongs and 146 yards, or 5,766 metres), and during its running there are twenty-four fences to be jumped. It is a handicap race, and it is scheduled to take place each year in late April.

Sandown Park Racecourse
Sandown Park is a horse racing course and leisure venue in Esher, Surrey, England, located in the outer suburbs of London. It hosts 5 Grade One National Hunt races and one Group 1 flat race, the Eclipse Stakes. It regularly has horse racing during afternoons, evenings and on weekends, and also hosts many non-racing events such as trade shows, wedding fairs, toy fairs, car shows and auctions, property shows, concerts, and even some private events. It was requisitioned by the War Department from 1940 to 1945 for World War II.

The venue has hosted bands such as UB40, Madness, Girls Aloud, Spandau Ballet and Simply Red. The racecourse is close to Esher railway station, served by trains from London Waterloo. There is a secondary exit from Esher station which is open on race days, this exit leads directly into the racecourse and Lower Green, Esher.
Polistes carnifex
Polistes carnifex, commonly known as the executioner wasp or executioner paper wasp, is a neotropical vespid wasp in the cosmopolitan genus Polistes.

It is a very large yellow and brown paper wasp with a mandible that contains teeth. It establishes small colonies, founded by solitary queens, which build nests under the eaves of buildings or suspended from branches. Foraging adults bring nectar and macerated prey back to the nest to feed to the developing larvae which are individually housed in separate cells in the nest.

Tergum
A tergum (Latin for "the back"; pl.: terga, associated adjective tergal) is the dorsal ('upper') portion of an arthropod segment other than the head. The anterior edge is called the 'base' and posterior edge is called the 'apex' or 'margin'. A given tergum may be divided into hardened plates or sclerites commonly referred to as tergites.

In a thoracic segment, for example, the tergum may be divided into an anterior notum and a posterior scutellum. Lateral extensions of a tergite are known as paranota (Greek for "alongside the back") or carinae (Latin for "keel"), exemplified by the flat-backed millipedes of the order Polydesmida.

Kinorhynchs have tergal and sternal plates too, though seemingly not homologous with those of arthropods.

Tergo-tergal is a stridulatory mechanism in which fine spines of the abdominal tergites are rubbed together to produce sound. This process is known as abdominal telescoping.
Chepstow War Memorial
Chepstow War Memorial, in Beaufort Square, Chepstow, Wales, commemorates the men of the town who died in the First and Second World Wars. It was designed by Eric Francis, a locally-born architect. The memorial's Neoclassical design is uncommon. The memorial site also includes a German Naval deck gun, donated to the town by George V in commemoration of the posthumous award of a Victoria Cross to Able Seaman William Charles Williams, who grew up in Chepstow and was killed at Gallipoli. Chepstow War Memorial was designated a Grade II listed structure in 1975.

John Newman (architectural historian)
John Arthur Newman FSA (14 December 1936 – 19 April 2023) was an English architectural historian. He was the author of several of the Pevsner Architectural Guides and was the advisory editor to the series.
2019 Nor.Ca. Women's Handball Championship
The 2019 Nor.Ca. Women's Handball Championship was the third edition of the Nor.Ca. Women's Handball Championship. The tournament took place in Mexico City from 28 May to 2 June 2019. It acted as the North American and Caribbean qualifying tournament for the 2019 World Women's Handball Championship.

2019 World Women's Handball Championship
The 2019 IHF World Women's Handball Championship, the 24th event hosted by the International Handball Federation, was held in Japan from 30 November to 15 December 2019.

The Netherlands won their first title after defeating Spain in the final. The final was decided on a controversial penalty decision, when Ainhoa Hernandez blocked the Dutch goalkeeper's pass stopping a potential counter with seconds to go.
Kanchanaburi Power F.C.
Kanchanaburi Power Football Club (Thai สโมสรฟุตบอลพลังกาญจน์) is a Thai professional football club based in Mueang, Kanchanaburi. The club is currently playing in the Thai League 1, the top tier league of Thai football.

Kanchanaburi province
Kanchanaburi (กาญจนบุรี, pronounced [kāːn.t͡ɕā.ná(ʔ).bū.rīː]) is the largest province (changwat) of Western Thailand. Tourists are attracted by the history of its ancient civilization and the World War II Bridge over the River Kwai, originally spelt "Khwae" but officially changed to Kwai to accommodate the expectations of tourists.