hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ave crux spes unica
Ave crux, spes unica is a Latin pious expression or motto meaning "Hail to the Cross, our only hope."  The expression has a long history in Catholic and Anglican piety and is a motto occasionally used by bishops and church institutions. It is the motto of the Congregation of Holy Cross, Edith Stein, and of Cardinal Daniel DiNardo.

Congregation of Holy Cross
The Congregation of Holy Cross (Latin: Congregatio a Sancta Cruce), abbreviated CSC, is a Catholic clerical religious congregation of pontifical right for men founded in Le Mans, France, in 1837 by Basil Moreau.

Moreau also founded the Marianites of Holy Cross for women, now divided into three independent congregations of sisters: the Marianites of Holy Cross (Le Mans, France), the Sisters of the Holy Cross (Notre Dame, Indiana), and the Sisters of Holy Cross (Montreal, Quebec, Canada).
Martin Speake
Martin Speake (born 1958) is a British saxophonist. He teaches at the Royal Academy of Music and at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama.  He previously taught at Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance in Greenwich. Speake has recorded eighteen albums as leader, including Change Of Heart (2006) with Paul Motian, Bobo Stenson and Mick Hutton.

Bobo Stenson
Bobo Stenson (born Bo Gustav Stenson; 4 August 1944) is a Swedish jazz pianist. The Bobo Stenson Trio, formed in collaboration with Anders Jormin (bass) and Jon Fält (drums), has been in existence for over five decades.
Rodrigo Ponce de León, Duke of Cádiz
Rodrigo Ponce de Leon, Duke of Cádiz (1443–1492) was one of the Castilian military leaders in the conquest of Granada. In 1482, he led the Castilian forces that captured the town of Alhama and later Boabdil. He had earlier been one of the military leaders in the Castilian War of Succession. Juan Pacheco was his father-in-law. He was made 1st Duke of Cádiz in 1484 and succeeded briefly by his heir Francisca Ponce de León y de la Fuente. Also, he held the title of Count of Arcos.

Ponce de León is also related to:

Juan Ponce de León

Juan Ponce de León II

Juan Ponce de León y Loayza

Roderigo Ponce de Leon, marques of Cadiz is written about extensively in Washington Irving's Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada, published 1829.

Muhammad XII of Granada
Abu Abdallah Muhammad XII (Arabic: أبو عبد الله محمد الثاني عشر, romanized: Abū ʿAbdi-llāh Muḥammad ath-thānī ʿashar; c. 1460–1533), known in Europe as Boabdil, was the 22nd and last Nasrid ruler of the Emirate of Granada in Iberia.
Crittenden Compromise
The Crittenden Compromise was an unsuccessful proposal to permanently enshrine slavery in the United States Constitution, and thereby make it unconstitutional for future congresses to end slavery. It was introduced by United States Senator John J. Crittenden (Constitutional Unionist of Kentucky) on December 18, 1860. It aimed to resolve the secession crisis of 1860–1861 that eventually led to the American Civil War by addressing the fears and grievances of Southern pro-slavery factions, and by quashing anti-slavery activities. The Crittenden Compromise is not to be confused with the Crittenden–Johnson Resolution, which provided that the Union would take no actions against slavery.

Fugitive slave laws in the United States
The fugitive slave laws were laws passed by the United States Congress in 1793 and 1850 to provide for the return of slaves who escaped from one state into another state or territory. The idea of the fugitive slave law was derived from the Fugitive Slave Clause which is in the United States Constitution (Article IV, Section 2, Paragraph 3). It was thought that forcing states to return fugitive slaves to their masters violated states' rights due to state sovereignty, and that seizing state property should not be left up to the states. The Fugitive Slave Clause states that fugitive slaves "shall be delivered up on Claim of the Party to whom such Service or Labour may be due", which abridged state rights because apprehending runaway slaves was a form of retrieving private property. The Compromise of 1850 entailed a series of laws that allowed slavery in the new territories and forced officials in free states to give a hearing to slave-owners without a jury.
Tanks of the interwar period
Tanks were initially deployed in World War I, engineered to overcome the deadlock of trench warfare. Between the two world wars, tanks were further developed. Although they had demonstrated their battlefield effectiveness, only a few nations had the industrial resources to design and build them. During and after World War I, Britain and France pioneered tank technology, with their models generally serving as a blueprint for other countries. However, this initial advantage would slowly diminish during the 1930s, shifting in favor of the Soviet Union and, to a lesser degree, Nazi Germany.

Carden Loyd tankette
The Carden Loyd tankettes were a series of British tankettes of the period between the World Wars, the most successful of which was the Mark VI, the only version built in significant numbers. It became a classic tankette design worldwide, was licence-built by several countries and became the basis of several designs produced in various countries.
Purely functional programming
In computer science, purely functional programming usually designates a programming paradigm—a style of building the structure and elements of computer programs—that treats all computation as the evaluation of mathematical functions.

Program state and mutable objects are usually modeled with temporal logic, as explicit variables that represent the program state at each step of a program execution: a variable state is passed as an input parameter of a state-transforming function, which returns the updated state as part of its return value. This style handles state changes without losing the referential transparency of the program expressions.

Purely functional programming consists of ensuring that functions, inside the functional paradigm, will only depend on their arguments, regardless of any global or local state. A pure functional subroutine only has visibility of changes of state represented by state variables included in its scope.

Immutable object
In object-oriented (OO) and functional programming, an immutable object (unchangeable object) is an object whose state cannot be modified after it is created. This is in contrast to a mutable object (changeable object), which can be modified after it is created. In some cases, an object is considered immutable even if some internally used attributes change, but the object's state appears unchanging from an external point of view. For example, an object that uses memoization to cache the results of expensive computations could still be considered an immutable object.

Strings and other concrete objects are typically expressed as immutable objects to improve readability and runtime efficiency in object-oriented programming. Immutable objects are also useful because they are inherently thread-safe. Other benefits are that they are simpler to understand and reason about and offer higher security than mutable objects.
1973 UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships
The 1973 UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships were held in London, England on Sunday February 25, 1973. Organized for a first time in the United Kingdom, it was the 24th edition of the UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships.

UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships
The UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships are the world championships for cyclo-cross organised by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI). Starting in 2022, seven events are organized each year – men's elite, women's elite, men's under 23, women's under 23, men's under 18 (Men's Juniors), women's under 18 (Women's Juniors) and a Mixed team relay event. In recent years, the mixed relay race is held on a Friday and the rest of the races on Saturday and Sunday after that.

The UCI awards a gold medal and a rainbow jersey to the winner. Silver and bronze medals are awarded to the second and third place contestants. World champions wear their rainbow jersey until the following year's championship, but they may wear it only in the type of event in which they won it.
Night-blooming cereus
Night-blooming cereus is the common name referring to many flowering ceroid cacti that bloom at night. The flowers are short lived, and some of these species, such as Selenicereus grandiflorus, each flower blooms for a single night, though most put out multiple flowers over several weeks, each of which opens for only a single night.  Other names for one or more cacti with this habit are nightblooming frivolous , princess of the night, Honolulu queen (for Hylocereus undatus), Christ in the manger, dama de noche, and queen of the night (which is also used for an unrelated plant species).

Hylocereus
Hylocereus is a former genus of epiphytic cacti, often referred to as night-blooming cactus (though the term is also used for many other cacti). Several species previously placed in the genus have large edible fruits, which are known as pitayas, pitahayas or dragonfruits. In 2017, a molecular phylogenetic study confirmed an earlier finding that the genus Hylocereus was nested within Selenicereus, so all the species of Hylocereus were transferred to Selenicereus.
1997 WAC men's basketball tournament
The 1997 Western Athletic Conference men's basketball tournament was held March 4–8 at the Thomas & Mack Center at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas in Paradise, Nevada.

Top-seeded Utah easily defeated tenth-seeded TCU in the championship game, 89–68, to clinch their second WAC men's tournament championship.

The Utes, in turn, received an automatic bid to the 1997 NCAA Division I tournament. Utah would ultimately defeat Navy, UNC Charlotte, and Stanford on their way to the Elite Eight, where they lost to Kentucky. They were joined in the tournament by Tulsa and New Mexico, who earned at-large bids.

WAC men's basketball tournament
The Western Athletic Conference men's basketball tournament is the conference championship tournament in men's basketball for the Western Athletic Conference (WAC). Even though the WAC was founded in 1962, the annual tournament has only been held since 1984.

The winner of the tournament is guaranteed a spot in the NCAA basketball tournament every year.

After the 2025–26 season, the WAC will rebrand as the United Athletic Conference (UAC).
Krasnodar Trial
The Krasnodar Trial was a war crimes trial that was held in front of a military tribunal in July 1943 in Krasnodar, Soviet Union. All of the defendants were Soviets who collaborated with Germany. All 11 defendants were accused of treason for collaborating with the Nazi German military, police and SS forces, which were responsible for implementing the occupational policies during the German–Soviet War (1941–1945). The trial was the first war crimes trial of World War II.

Krasnodar
Krasnodar, formerly Yekaterinodar (until 1920), is the largest city and the administrative centre of Krasnodar Krai, Russia. The city stands on the Kuban River in southern Russia, with a population of 1,154,885 residents, and up to 1.263 million residents in the Urban Okrug. In the past decade Krasnodar has experienced rapid population growth, rising to become the tenth-largest city in Russia, and the largest city in southern Russia, as well as the Southern Federal District.

The city originated in 1793 as a fortress built by the Cossacks, and became a trading center for southern Russia. The city sustained heavy damage in World War II but was rebuilt and renovated after the war. Krasnodar is a major economic hub in southern Russia; In 2012, Forbes named Krasnodar the best city for business in Russia. Krasnodar is home to numerous sights, including the Krasnodar Stadium. Its main airport is Krasnodar International Airport.
Skatune Network
Jeremy Andrew "Jer" Hunter (born June 16, 1995) is an American YouTuber, musician, composer and music educator who hosts the YouTube channel Skatune Network, where they post ska covers of popular songs. They have also released original music under the name JER, played trombone for ska punk band We Are the Union since 2015, and performed on albums by The Bruce Lee Band, Jeff Rosenstock, and Illuminati Hotties. Prominent on social media, Hunter has been outspoken about the history and current state of ska music, earning the fan nickname "The CEO of Ska". BrooklynVegan has written, "You can't talk about the renewed interest in ska without talking Jeremy Hunter", while music critic Anthony Fantano has described them as "a one-person ska wrecking crew".

The World Is a Beautiful Place & I Am No Longer Afraid to Die
The World Is a Beautiful Place & I Am No Longer Afraid to Die is an American rock band formed in Willimantic, Connecticut, in 2009. Following the release of several EPs and splits featuring original lead singer Thomas Diaz, they released their debut LP Whenever, If Ever in 2013 to generally positive reviews. Undergoing a series of roster changes, they proceeded to release a 2014 collaboration with spoken word artist Christopher Zizzamia titled Between Bodies, as well as several full-length records, including Harmlessness in 2015, Always Foreign in 2017, 2021's Illusory Walls, and Dreams of Being Dust in 2025.
John Marriott Blashfield
John Marriott Blashfield (1811–1882) was a property developer and mosaic floor and ornamental terracotta manufacturer. He originally worked for the cement makers Wyatt, Parker and & Co in Millwall, but moved the business to Stamford in Lincolnshire in 1858, when it was renamed The Stamford Terracotta Company.

Charles Barry Jr.
Charles Barry Jr. (21 September 1823 – 2 June 1900) was an English architect known for designing public and private buildings in London and East Anglia. He was the eldest son of Sir Charles Barry, the architect of the Houses of Parliament, and the older brother of fellow architect Edward Middleton Barry. Barry Jr. is best remembered for his work in the south London suburb of Dulwich, and for his collaborations with Robert Richardson Banks (1812–1872) and his brother Edward on several significant projects.
2B1Q
Two-binary, one-quaternary (2B1Q) is a line code used in the U interface of the Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) Basic Rate Interface (BRI) and the high-bit-rate digital subscriber line (HDSL). 2B1Q is a four-level pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM-4) scheme without redundancy, mapping two bits (2B) into one quaternary symbol (1Q). Symbol rate is half of data rate.

A competing encoding technique in the ISDN basic rate U interface, mainly used in Europe, is 4B3T.

Basic Rate Interface
Basic Rate Interface (BRI, 2B+D, 2B1D) or Basic Rate Access is an Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) configuration intended primarily for use in subscriber lines similar to those that have long been used for voice-grade telephone service.
As such, an ISDN BRI connection can use the existing telephone infrastructure at a business.

The BRI configuration provides 2 data (bearer) channels (B channels) at 64 kbit/s each and 1 control (delta) channel (D channel) at 16 kbit/s. The B channels are used for voice or user data, and the D channel is used for any combination of data, control signaling, and X.25 packet networking. The 2 B channels can be aggregated by channel bonding providing a total data rate of 128 kbit/s. The BRI ISDN service is commonly installed for residential or small business service (ISDN PABX) in many countries.

In contrast to the BRI, the Primary Rate Interface (PRI) configuration provides more B channels and operates at a higher bit rate.
Harefield Pit
Harefield Pit is a 1.8-hectare geological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Harefield in the London Borough of Hillingdon. It occupies much of a partially filled-in chalk quarry. It has two entries in the Geological Conservation Review database.

It is an important Tertiary site in the London Basin, which displays a sequence through the Upper Chalk, Reading Beds and London Clay. It is the only known source of charophytes in the Reading Beds, and these have potential for correlation with other localities in Europe.

Natural England has cast the site as "unfavourable declining" as the Reading Beds are not visible due to covering by vegetation. It is set behind Lovett Road, without public access.

London Basin
The London Basin is an elongated, roughly triangular sedimentary basin approximately 250 kilometres (160 mi) long which underlies London and a large area of south east England, south eastern East Anglia and the adjacent North Sea. The basin formed as a result of compressional tectonics related to the Alpine orogeny during the Palaeogene period and was mainly active between 40 and 60 million years ago.
Magritte Award for Best Supporting Actor
The Magritte Award for Best Supporting Actor (French: Magritte du meilleur acteur dans un second rôle) is an award presented annually by the Académie André Delvaux. It is given in honor of an actor who has delivered an outstanding performance in a supporting role while working within the film industry. It is one of the Magritte Awards, which were established to recognize excellence in Belgian cinematic achievements.

The 1st Magritte Awards ceremony was held in 2011 with Jan Decleir receiving the award for his role in The Barons. As of the 2022 ceremony, Gilles Remiche is the most recent winner in this category for his role in Madly in Life.

Magritte Awards
A Magritte Award (French: Magritte du cinéma, pronounced [maɡʁit dy sinema]), also known as René, is an accolade presented by the Académie André Delvaux of Belgium to recognize cinematic achievement in the film industry. Modelled after the French César Award, the formal ceremony at which the awards are presented is one of the most prominent award ceremonies in Belgium. The various category winners are awarded a copy of a statuette. The awards, first presented in 2011, are considered the Belgian equivalent of the Academy Awards in the United States.

Historically given during the first quarter of the new year, the awards honor achievements for cinematic accomplishments for the preceding year. The 14th Magritte Awards ceremony was held on 22 February 2025 at the Flagey, in the historic site of Place Eugène Flagey, Ixelles.
Shipley TCC
Shipley Traincare Centre is a planned motive power depot in Shipley, West Yorkshire. The facility will be immediately south of Shipley railway station on the west side of the Airedale line branch to Bradford Forster Square on a site bisected by the bridge that carries Valley Road over the railway.

When completed the depot will comprise five sidings for storage of units, north of the Valley Road bridge, with a four-road maintenance shed south of the bridge.

Airedale line
The Airedale line is one of the rail services in the West Yorkshire Metro area centred on West Yorkshire in northern England. The service is operated by Northern, on the route connecting Leeds and Bradford with Skipton. Some services along the line continue to Morecambe or Carlisle. The route covered by the service was historically part of the Midland Railway.

According to SELRAP, the Airedale line is the most heavily used passenger route outside the South East of England.
Xylophilus (beetle)
Xylophilus is a genus of beetles belonging to the family Eucnemidae.

Species:

Xylophilus constrictus Fall 1901

Xylophilus corticalis (Paykull 1800) Paykull 1800

Xylophilus cylindriformis (Horn 1871)

Xylophilus luniger (Champion 1916)

Xylophilus luniger
Xylophilus luniger is a beetle that is endemic to New Zealand. This member of the family Aderidae is commonly collected by beating vegetation around the margins of native forest. The species has been collected in the North Island only.
Aggrecanase
Aggrecanases are extracellular proteolytic enzymes that are members of the ADAMTS (A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease with Thrombospondin Motifs) family. Aggrecanases act on large proteoglycans known as aggrecans, which are components of connective tissues such as cartilage. The inappropriate activity of aggrecanase is a mechanism by which cartilage degradation occurs in diseases such as arthritis. At least two forms of aggrecanase exist in humans: ADAMTS4 or aggrecanase-1 and ADAMTS5 or aggrecanase-2. Both proteins contain thrombospondin (TS) motifs required for proper recognition of substrates. Although both proteins can cleave the substrate aggrecan at the same position, they differ in kinetics and in secondary cleavage sites.

Metalloproteinase
A metalloproteinase, or metalloprotease, is any protease enzyme whose catalytic mechanism involves a metal.  An example is ADAM12 which plays a significant role in the fusion of muscle cells during embryo development, in a process known as myogenesis.

Most metalloproteases require zinc, but some use cobalt. The metal ion is coordinated to the protein via three ligands. The ligands coordinating the metal ion can vary with histidine, glutamate, aspartate, lysine, and arginine. The fourth coordination position is taken up by a labile water molecule.

Treatment with chelating agents such as EDTA leads to complete inactivation. EDTA is a metal chelator that removes zinc, which is essential for activity. They are also inhibited by the chelator orthophenanthroline.
Political economy of communications
The Political Economy of Communications is a branch of communication studies or media studies which studies the power relations that shape the communication of information from the mass media to its public. PEC (Political Economy of Communications) analyzes the power relations between the mass media system, information and communications technologies (ICTs) and the wider socioeconomic structure in which these operate, with a focus on understanding the historical and current state of technological developments. PEC has proliferated in the 2000s with the modernization of technology. The advancement of media has created conversation about the effects of colonialism and PEC.

Media studies
Media studies is a discipline and field of study that deals with the content, history, and effects of various media; in particular, the mass media. Media studies may draw on traditions from both the social sciences and the humanities, but it mostly draws from its core disciplines of mass communication, communication, communication sciences, and communication studies.

Researchers may also develop and employ theories and methods from disciplines including cultural studies, rhetoric (including digital rhetoric), philosophy, literary theory, psychology, political science, political economy, economics, sociology, anthropology, social theory, art history and criticism, film theory, and information theory.
1890 Championship of Australia
The 1890 Championship of Australia was an Australian rules football match that took place on 4 October 1890.

The championship was contested by the premiers of the VFA, South Melbourne and the premiers of the SAFA, Port Adelaide.

The match was played at Adelaide Oval in Adelaide, South Australia.

The match, played in front of 6,500, was won by Port Adelaide by a margin of 1 goal, giving Port Adelaide its 1st Championship of Australia Title.

Championship of Australia
The Championship of Australia was an Australian rules football tournament which was contested between football clubs from the Victorian and South Australian football leagues for most of its history, with clubs from the Western Australian and Tasmanian football leagues only being included in the final four iterations. The Championship took place four times in the 19th century and then from 1907 to 1914 — with the exception of 1912 — and every year from 1968 to 1975. All but two of the Championships were played in Adelaide, and all of them occurred after the respective league seasons had ended. The 1975 Championship of Australia was the last edition of the competition, with the 1976 NFL Championship replacing the format, albeit for only one year with VFL clubs.