hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? (Chinese game show)
The Chinese version of Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? began in 2007 as the project of at least six television stations: Hunan Economic TV Station, China Central Television, Shenzhen TV, Tianjin Television, China Shaanxi TV Station and Guangdong TV.

Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader?
Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? is a game show franchise that was co-created and produced by Mark Burnett, Barry Poznick and John Stevens. Adult contestants answer questions, as if they came from an elementary grade school quiz. The original American version debuted on the Fox Broadcasting network on February 27, 2007, with host Jeff Foxworthy, airing on Fox until 2009, as a syndicated TV series, between 2009 and 2011, and then revived on Fox in 2015, and again on Nickelodeon in 2019, with new host, John Cena. The Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? format, has since been replicated in several other countries, some versions under the same title, and some under modified ones.

In 2013, the show appeared in TV Guide's list of the 60 greatest game shows ever.
Dictyopharidae
Dictyopharidae is a family of planthoppers, related to the Fulgoridae. The family comprises nearly 760 species in more than 150 genera which are grouped into two subfamilies, Dictyopharinae and Orgeriinae.

Fulgoridae
The family Fulgoridae is a large group of hemipteran insects, especially abundant and diverse in the tropics, containing over 125 genera worldwide. They are mostly of moderate to large size, many with a superficial resemblance to Lepidoptera due to their brilliant and varied coloration. Various genera and species (especially the genera Fulgora and Pyrops) are sometimes referred to as lanternflies or lanthorn flies.

The head of some species is produced into a hollow process, resembling a snout, which is sometimes inflated and nearly as large as the body of the insect, sometimes elongated, narrow and apically upturned. It was believed, mainly on the authority of Maria Sibylla Merian, that this process, the so-called lantern, was luminous at night in the living insect. Carl Linnaeus adopted the statement without question and coined a number of specific names, such as laternaria, phosphorea and candelaria to illustrate the supposed fact, and thus propagated the myth.
Politics of Friuli-Venezia Giulia
The politics of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, a region of Italy, takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democracy, where the President of the Region is the head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the Regional Government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the Regional Council.

Friuli-Venezia Giulia
Friuli-Venezia Giulia (Italian: [friˈuːli veˈnɛttsja ˈdʒuːlja]) is one of the 20 regions of Italy and one of five autonomous regions with special statute. The regional capital is Trieste on the Gulf of Trieste, a bay of the Adriatic Sea.

Friuli-Venezia Giulia has a population of 1,194,095 in an area of 7,924.36 square kilometres (3,059.61 sq mi) as of 2025. A natural opening to the sea for many central European countries, the region is traversed by the major transport routes between the east and west of Southern Europe. It encompasses the historical-geographical region of Friuli and a small portion of the historical region of Venezia Giulia—also known in English as the Julian March—each with its own distinct history, traditions and identity.
Luciano Canepari
Luciano Canepari (Italian pronunciation: [luˈtʃaːno kaneˈpaːri]; born 19 January 1947) is an Italian linguist. Canepari was a professor in the Department of Linguistics at the University of Venice, where he received his academic training.

He developed a phonetic transcription system called canIPA [kaˈniːpa], based on the official IPA. The canIPA consists of 500 basic, 300 complementary and 200 supplementary symbols, a few of which are encoded in Unicode. It is a work in progress, intended to permit the transcription of all world languages in more exact detail than the official IPA. It has seen little use apart from its inventor or his co-authors.

Journal of the International Phonetic Association
The Journal of the International Phonetic Association (JIPA; /ˈdʒaɪpə/) is a peer-reviewed academic journal that appears three times a year. It is published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the International Phonetic Association. It was established as Dhi Fonètik Tîtcer ("The Phonetic Teacher") in 1886. In 1889, it was renamed Le Maître Phonétique and French was designated as the Association's official language. It was written entirely in the IPA, with its name being written accordingly as "lə mɛːtrə fɔnetik" and hence abbreviated "mf", until 1971, when it obtained its current name and began to be written in the Latin script. It covers topics in phonetics and applied phonetics such as speech therapy and voice recognition, as well as "Illustrations of the IPA" that describe individual languages using the IPA. The journal is abstracted and indexed in the MLA Bibliography.
Matches of Polish men's volleyball national team conducted by Ferdinando De Giorgi
List matches of Poland men's national volleyball team conducted by Ferdinando De Giorgi, who was announced a coach of Polish national team on December 16, 2016. Head coach failed to draw conclusions from the defeat in the 2017 European Championships, so PZPS fired Ferdinando De Giorgi on September 20.

Ferdinando De Giorgi
Ferdinando De Giorgi (born 10 October 1961) is an Italian professional volleyball coach and former player.

He competed in the Seoul 1988 Olympic Games and is a three-time World Champion (1990, 1994, 1998), as well as the 1989 European Champion.

He currently serves as head coach of the Italian national team.

De Giorgi has been part of every Italian men’s national volleyball team that won the World Championship: three times as a player and twice as a coach.
Monuments in the Basilica of Santa Maria del Popolo
Monuments in the Basilica of Santa Maria del Popolo are tombs and funerary monuments ranging from the 15th to the 19th centuries. Since its rebuilding in the 1470s by Pope Sixtus IV the Basilica of Santa Maria del Popolo was one of the favourite burial places for members of the papal aristocracy, clergy and literati. Foreign artists were also buried in the church due to its location near their favourite quarter in Rione Campo Marzio. The high number of tombs and monuments makes the basilica a whole museum of sculpture as Jacob Burckhardt phrased it in his famous guide of Italian art in 1855. Besides the tombs in the side chapels and the choir there are many other funeral monuments in the aisles and the transept. During the centuries several monuments were demolished and others were relocated to give place to newer ones.

Campo Marzio
Campo Marzio (Italian: [ˈkampo ˈmartsjo]) is the 4th rione of Rome, Italy, identified by the initials R. IV. It belongs to the Municipio I and covers a smaller section of the area of the ancient Campus Martius. The logo of this rione is a silver crescent on a blue background.
Iris falcifolia
Iris falcifolia  is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Hexapogon. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan. It is a small plant, with sickle-shaped greyish-green leaves (hence the name), lilac-violet flowers and darker veining, and a white or yellow beard. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in dry, temperate regions.

Iris (plant)
Iris is a flowering plant genus of 310 accepted species with showy flowers. As well as being the scientific name, iris is also widely used as a common name for all Iris species, as well as some belonging to other closely related genera. A common name for some species is flags, while the plants of the subgenus Scorpiris are widely known as junos, particularly in horticulture. It is a popular garden flower.

The often-segregated, monotypic genera Belamcanda (blackberry lily, I. domestica), Hermodactylus (snake's head iris, I. tuberosa), and Pardanthopsis (vesper iris, I. dichotoma) are currently included in Iris.

Three Iris varieties are used in the Iris flower data set outlined by Ronald Fisher in his 1936 paper The use of multiple measurements in taxonomic problems as an example of linear discriminant analysis.
Cymatium (gastropod)
Cymatium is a genus of small to large predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Cymatiidae.

This genus has numerous species, perhaps as many as 100, some of which have a worldwide distribution. The genus has been divided into at least 10 subgenera. Some authors have elevated those subgenera, giving them the full status of genera, but this is by no means universally accepted.

Otto Andreas Lowson Mörch
Otto Andreas Lowson Mörch (his last name also spelled Mørch) (17 May, 1828 – 25 January, 1878) was a Danish zoologist who was known for his work in malacology, the study of molluscs. He described numerous species both of fossil and extant molluscs.
K-143 (Kansas highway)
K-143 is a 4.658-mile-long (7.496 km) north–south state highway in Saline County, Kansas. The route runs through lands mostly used for agriculture from an interchange at Interstate 70 (I-70) and U.S. Route 40 (US-40) in northern Salina, Kansas generally northward to a junction with US-81 north of Salina. The southern part of the route is a four-lane divided highway while the rest is a two-lane highway. It has an annual average daily traffic (AADT) between 1,580 and 4,133 vehicles. The route is paved with three different pavement types, and is not a part of the National Highway System. It was first designated as US-81 Alternate in the early 1970s with the designation being changed to K-143 in the early 1980s.

U.S. Route 40 in Kansas
U.S. Route 40 (US-40) is a part of the U.S. Highway System that runs from Interstate 80 (I-80) and US-189 in Silver Summit, Utah east to US-322 and Ocean Drive in Atlantic City, New Jersey. In the U.S. state of Kansas, US-40 is a main east–west highway that runs from the Colorado border east to the Missouri border. The highway is concurrent with Interstate 70 (I-70) from Oakley to Topeka, and again through Kansas City.
Quinctilia gens
The gens Quinctilia, also written Quintilia, was a patrician family at ancient Rome, dating from the earliest period of Roman history, and continuing well into imperial times. Despite its great antiquity, the gens never attained much historical importance. The only member who obtained the consulship under the Republic was Sextus Quinctilius in 453 BC. The gens produced numerous praetors and other magistrates, but did not obtain the consulship again for over four hundred years.

Gens
In ancient Rome, a gens (/ɡɛns/ or /dʒɛnz/, Latin: [gẽːs]; pl.: gentes [ˈgɛnteːs]) was a family consisting of individuals who shared the same nomen gentilicium and who claimed descent from a common ancestor. A branch of a gens, sometimes identified by a distinct cognomen, was called a stirps (pl.: stirpes). The gens was an important social structure at Rome and throughout Italia during the period of the Roman Republic. Much of individuals' social standing depended on the gens to which they belonged. Certain gentes were classified as patrician, others as plebeian; some had both patrician and plebeian branches. The importance of the gens as a social structure declined considerably in imperial times, although the gentilicium continued to define the origins and dynasties of the ancient Romans, including the emperors.
Observation Point (Zion National Park)
Observation Point is a 6,507-foot (1,983 m) elevation Navajo Sandstone feature located in Zion National Park, in Washington County of southwest Utah, United States. Observation Point is situated at the north end of Zion Canyon, towering 2,100 feet (640 meters) above the canyon floor and the North Fork of the Virgin River which drains precipitation runoff from this viewpoint. A popular 8-mile round-trip trail climbs from the Weeping Rock trailhead along Zion Canyon Road to reach the top. Due to a major rockfall from Cable Mountain, which has destroyed the lower part of this trail, the Observation Point is currently only accessible from the East Mesa or Stave Spring trailhead. Neighbors visible from the point include The Great White Throne, Cathedral Mountain, Angels Landing, and Cable Mountain. This geographical feature's name was officially adopted in 1934 by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names.

Angels Landing
Angels Landing, known previously as the Temple of Aeolus, is a 1,488-foot (454 m) tall rock formation in Zion National Park in southwestern Utah, United States. A renowned trail cut into solid rock in 1926 leads to the top of Angels Landing and provides panoramic views of Zion Canyon.
Benoist XIV
The Benoist XIV, also called The Lark of Duluth, was a small biplane flying boat built in the United States in 1913 in the hope of using it to carry paying passengers. The two examples built were used to provide the first heavier-than-air airline service anywhere in the world, and the first airline service of any kind at all in the United States.

The first fixed-wing scheduled airline was started on January 1, 1914. The flight was piloted by Tony Jannus and flew from St. Petersburg, Florida, to Tampa, Florida, operated by the St. Petersburg–Tampa Airboat Line.

Pusher configuration
In aeronautical and naval engineering, pusher configuration is the term used to describe a drivetrain of air- or watercraft with propulsion device(s) after the engine(s).  This is in contrast to the more conventional tractor configuration, which places them in front.

Though the term is most commonly applied to aircraft, its most ubiquitous propeller example is a common outboard motor for a small boat.

“Pusher configuration” describes the specific (propeller or ducted fan) thrust device attached to a craft, either aerostats (airship) or aerodynes (aircraft, WIG, paramotor, rotorcraft) or others types such as hovercraft, airboats, and propeller-driven snowmobiles.
Victory Park (Chorley)
Victory Park is a football ground in Chorley, Lancashire, England. The home ground of Chorley F.C., it opened in 1920. It has hosted some big games, including their FA Cup game against Wolves in the 2020/21 season. It has one seated stand, accompanied by 3 areas for standing.

Chorley
Chorley is a town and the administrative centre of the wider Borough of Chorley in Lancashire, England, 8 miles (13 km) north of Wigan, 11 miles (18 km) south west of Blackburn, 11 miles (18 km) north west of Bolton, 12 miles (19 km) south of Preston and 20 miles (32 km) north west of Manchester. The town's wealth came principally from the cotton industry. In 2020 it had a population of 36,682.

In the 1970s, the skyline was dominated by factory chimneys, but most have now been demolished: remnants of the industrial past include Morrisons chimney and other mill buildings, and the streets of terraced houses for mill workers. Chorley is the home of the Chorley cake.
Atalanta and Hippomenes
Atalanta and Hippomenes is a 1620–1625 oil on canvas painting by the Italian artist Guido Reni, now in the National Museum of Capodimonte in Naples. Reni had painted a nearly identical version of the same composition in 1618–1619 which is now in the Prado Museum.

Atalanta
Atalanta (/ˌætəˈlæntə/; Ancient Greek: Ἀταλάντη, romanized: Atalántē, lit. 'equal in weight') is a heroine in Greek mythology.

There are two versions of the huntress Atalanta: one from Arcadia, whose parents were Iasus and Clymene and who is primarily known from the tales of the Calydonian boar hunt and the Argonauts; and the other from Boeotia, who is the daughter of King Schoeneus and is primarily noted for her skill in the footrace. In both versions, Atalanta was a local figure allied to the goddess Artemis; in such oral traditions, minor characters were often assigned different names, resulting in minor regional variations.
Santa Maria, Ilocos Sur
Santa Maria, officially the Municipality of Santa Maria (Ilocano: Ili ti Santa Maria; Filipino: Bayan ng Santa Maria), is a municipality in the province of Ilocos Sur, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 30,076 people.

Bantay
Bantay, officially the Municipality of Bantay (Ilocano: Ili ti Bantay; Filipino: Bayan ng Bantay), is a municipality in the province of Ilocos Sur, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 37,088 people.
Neve Nof Tower
Neve Nof Tower (Hebrew: מגדל נווה נוף) is a residential tower located in the Tel Aviv District city of Bat Yam, Israel. Its construction was completed in 2013 and it became the tallest residential building in Israel, taking the title from Park Tzameret’s ‘’W Tower’’. The tower topped out at 158.5 meters (520 ft) and includes 42 floors.

The tower's planning started in 2006 by the Gal Marom architects office, within a plan to develop the area of south Bat Yam. First, the tower's floor count was supposed to be 25, but in 2010, before the construction work started the plan was changed. The project's area is 5,000 square meters and includes 162 apartments, most of them facing the Mediterranean Sea, which is 350 meters from the tower. The Neve Nof tower includes a lobby with a beverages bar and a gym. Hotels, parks and the local boardwalk are located near the tower.

A significant portion of the apartments was purchased by nonresidents from France and the United States.

Bat Yam
32°01′N 34°45′E﻿ / ﻿32.017°N 34.750°E﻿ / 32.017; 34.750

Bat Yam (Hebrew: בת ים (audio)ⓘ) is a city in the Tel Aviv District of Israel, on the Central Coastal Plain just south of Tel Aviv. It is part of the Gush Dan metropolitan area. In 2023, it had a population of 131,099.
Vayigash
Vayigash or Vaigash (Hebrew: וַיִּגַּשׁ, romanized: wayyiggaš, lit. 'and [then] he drew near', the first word of the parashah) is the eleventh weekly Torah portion (פָּרָשָׁה‎, parashah) in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading. It constitutes Genesis 44:18–47:27.

In this parashah, Judah pleads on behalf of his brother Benjamin, Joseph reveals himself to his brothers, Jacob comes down to Biblical Egypt, and Joseph's administration of Egypt saves lives but transforms all the Egyptians into serfs.

The parashah is made up of 5680 Hebrew letters, 1480 Hebrew words, 106 verses, and 178 lines in a sefer Torah. Jews read it the eleventh Shabbat after Simchat Torah, generally in December or early January.

Nahum M. Sarna
Nahum Mattathias Sarna (Hebrew: נחום סרנא; March 27, 1923 – June 23, 2005) was a modern biblical scholar who is best known for the study of Genesis and Exodus represented in his Understanding Genesis (1966) and in his contributions to the first two volumes of the JPS Torah Commentary (1989/91).  He was also part of the translation team for the Kethuvim section of the Jewish Publication Society's  translation of the Bible, known as New Jewish Publication Society of America Version.
Stansfield, West Yorkshire
Stansfield (/ˈstænsfiːld/ STANSS-feeld) is a place in the civil parish of Todmorden, in the Calderdale district, in West Yorkshire, England, which gave its name to Stansfield Hall, Stansfield Hall Railway Station, and an electoral ward in Todmorden, Calderdale.

Heptonstall
Heptonstall is a small village and civil parish within the Calderdale borough of West Yorkshire, England, historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire. The population of Heptonstall, including the hamlets of Colden and Slack, is 1,448, increasing to 1,470 at the 2011 Census.   The town of Hebden Bridge lies directly to the south-east.  Although Heptonstall is part of Hebden Bridge as a post town, it is not within the Hebden Royd town boundaries.

The village is on the route of the Calderdale Way, a 50-mile (80 km) circular walk around the hills and valleys of Calderdale.
Cocking Lime Works
Cocking Lime Works and its associated chalk quarry are abandoned industrial sites in the South Downs of England. They are to the south of the village of Cocking, West Sussex, close to the South Downs Way. The works are on land owned by the Cowdray Estate and are not open to the public. Cocking was the source of lime used for the manufacture of Midhurst White bricks and for agricultural purposes.

Lime kiln
A lime kiln is a kiln used for the calcination of limestone (calcium carbonate) to produce the form of lime called quicklime (calcium oxide). The chemical equation for this reaction is: CaCO3 + heat → CaO + CO2

This reaction can take place at anywhere above 840 °C (1,540 °F), but is generally considered to occur at 900 °C (1,650 °F) (at which temperature the partial pressure of CO2 is 1 atmosphere), but a temperature around 1,000 °C (1,830 °F) (at which temperature the partial pressure of CO2 is 3.8 atmospheres) is usually used to make the reaction proceed quickly. Excessive temperature is avoided because it produces unreactive, "dead-burned" lime.

Slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) can be formed by mixing quicklime with water.
Shameless season 7
The seventh season of Shameless, based on the British series of the same name by Paul Abbott, is an American comedy-drama television series with executive producers John Wells, Christopher Chulack, Krista Vernoff, Etan Frankel, Nancy M. Pimental and Sheila Callaghan. The season premiered on October 2, 2016, the first time the series has debuted in autumn. Showtime premiered a free preview of the season premiere online on September 23, 2016, ahead of the October 2 broadcast.

Shameless (American TV series)
Shameless is an American comedy-drama television series developed by John Wells that aired on Showtime from January 9, 2011, to April 11, 2021. It is an adaptation of Paul Abbott's British series of the same name and features an ensemble cast led by William H. Macy. The series is set in the South Side of Chicago, Illinois.

With the premiere of the ninth season on September 9, 2018, Shameless became the longest-running scripted original series in Showtime's history. In January 2020, the series was renewed for its eleventh and final season, which was scheduled to premiere in mid-2020, but was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic; it instead premiered on December 6, 2020. On December 14, 2020, Showtime announced that they were airing a clip show series during Season 11, titled Shameless: Hall of Shame, containing new scenes juxtaposed with clips from the show to summarize the characters' journeys during the prior 10 seasons. The series finale aired on April 11, 2021.
Intermediate spiral galaxy
An intermediate spiral galaxy is a galaxy that is in between the classifications of a barred spiral galaxy and an unbarred spiral galaxy. It is designated as SAB in the galaxy morphological classification system devised by Gerard de Vaucouleurs, and is also known as a weakly barred spiral galaxy. Subtypes are labeled as SAB0, SABa, SABb, or SABc, following a sequence analogous to the Hubble sequence for barred and unbarred spirals. The subtype (0, a, b, or c) is based on the relative prominence of the central bulge and how tightly wound the spiral arms are.

Galaxy morphological classification
Galaxy morphological classification is a system used by astronomers to divide galaxies into groups based on their visual appearance. There are several schemes in use by which galaxies can be classified according to their morphologies, the most famous being the Hubble sequence, devised by Edwin Hubble and later expanded by Gérard de Vaucouleurs and Allan Sandage. However, galaxy classification and morphology are now largely done using computational methods and physical morphology.
Freddie Thompson (Irish criminal)
Frederick James Thompson, sometimes called "Fat Freddie" (born 16 December 1980) is an Irish criminal. Formerly a leader of a faction in the Crumlin-Drimnagh feud, he is currently serving life in prison for the murder of David Douglas.

Killing of David Byrne
The Irish criminal David Byrne was shot dead on 5 February 2016 at the Regency Hotel in Whitehall, Dublin, Ireland.

It is believed by the Garda Síochána (police) that Daniel Kinahan, the son of Christy Kinahan, was the intended target, but had left early.