hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Durance (role-playing game)
Durance is a 2012 science fiction role-playing game by Jason Morningstar, independently published by Bully Pulpit Games, who also released Fiasco. The game was a 2011 entry on the annual Game Chef game design competition, and went on to raise $27,458 (639 backers) of its $5000 goal on kickstarter in June 2012.

Fiasco (role-playing game)
Fiasco is a role-playing game by Jason Morningstar, independently published by Bully Pulpit Games. It is marketed as a "GM-less game for 3–5 players, designed to be played in a few hours with six-sided dice and no preparation".  It is billed as "A game of powerful ambition and poor impulse control" and "inspired by cinematic tales of small time capers gone disastrously wrong—films like Blood Simple, Fargo, The Way of the Gun, Burn After Reading, and A Simple Plan."

Fiasco was the winner of the eleventh Diana Jones Award and has been one of the featured games on Tabletop.
DeMayo reaction
The DeMayo reaction or Ciamician-DeMayo reaction is a photochemical reaction in which the enol of a 1,3-diketone reacts with an alkene (or another species with a C=C bond) and the resulting cyclobutane ring undergoes a retro-aldol reaction to yield a 1,5-diketone:

The net effect is to add the two carbon atoms in the C=C double bond between the two carbonyl groups of the diketone. It is thus useful in syntheses both as a relatively selective way to join two parts of a molecule and as a way to apply the more developed chemistry of 1,3-diketone synthesis to 1,5-diketones.  The first part is a [2+2] cycloaddition. The ensuing retro-aldol cleavage is favored by the relative instability of the cyclobutane ring.

Enol
In organic chemistry, enols are a type of functional group or intermediate in organic chemistry. Formally, enols are derivatives of vinyl alcohol, with a C=C−OH connectivity.  The term enol is an abbreviation of alkenol, a portmanteau deriving from "-ene"/"alkene" and "-ol"/"alcohol".

Keto–enol tautomerism refers to a chemical equilibrium between a "keto" form (a carbonyl, named for the common ketone case) and an enol. The tautomeric interconversion involves hydrogen atom movement and the reorganisation of bonding electrons.

Many kinds of enols are known, but very few are stable compounds.  However, deprotonation of organic carbonyls gives enolate anions, which are important in organic reaction strategies as a strong nucleophile.
Cantref Reservoir
Cantref Reservoir is the middle of the three reservoirs in the Taff Fawr valley in Wales. It was built by Cardiff Corporation Waterworks between 1886 and 1892, but since 1973 has been owned by Welsh Water. It is located in the Brecon Beacons National Park, mostly in the Powys unitary authority area and within the historic county boundaries of Breconshire. Part of the south west corner is in the Rhondda Cynon Taff unitary authority area.

A public footpath crosses the dam and links with the Taff Trail and the Navvies Line paths.

Taff Trail
The Taff Trail (Welsh: Taith Taf) is a walking and cycle path that runs for 55 miles (89 km) between Cardiff Bay and Brecon in Wales. It is so named because it follows the course of the River Taff. Along much of its length, it follows the National Cycle Network Route 8 (Lôn Las Cymru) that continues to Holyhead, and is substantially off-road.
California, Pennsylvania
California is a borough on the Monongahela River in Washington County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 5,479 as of the 2020 census. It is part of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area. Founded in 1849, the borough was named for the territory of California following the gold rush. It is the home of Pennsylvania Western University, California.

Greater Pittsburgh
Greater Pittsburgh is the metropolitan area surrounding the city of Pittsburgh in Western Pennsylvania, United States. The region includes Allegheny County,  Pittsburgh's urban core county and economic hub, and seven adjacent Pennsylvania counties: Armstrong, Beaver, Butler, Fayette, Lawrence, Washington, and Westmoreland in Western Pennsylvania, which constitutes the Pittsburgh, PA Metropolitan Statistical Area MSA as defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget.

As of the 2020 census, the Greater Pittsburgh region had a population of over 2.45 million people. Pittsburgh, the region's core city, has a population of 302,971, the second-largest in the state after Philadelphia. Over half of the region's population resides within Allegheny County, which has a population of 1.24 million and is the state's second-largest county after Philadelphia County.
Skwentna, Alaska
Skwentna is a census-designated place (CDP) on Iditarod Trail in Matanuska-Susitna Borough, Alaska, United States. Located 61 miles northwest of Wasilla along the Skwentna River, it is part of the Anchorage, Alaska Metropolitan Statistical Area. At the 2020 census the population was 62, up from 37 in 2010. The town is served by Skwentna Airport.

Anchorage metropolitan area
The Anchorage Metropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of the Municipality of Anchorage and the Matanuska-Susitna Borough in the south central region of Alaska.

As of the 2010 census, the metropolitan statistical area (MSA) had a population of 380,821. However, 2016 population estimates increase that number to more than 400,000. This is a census definition only, and many of the settlements considered within the metropolitan area are in fact quite distant from the city center and may be very small and isolated, for example Lake Louise is about 170 miles (270 km) from Anchorage proper and has fewer than 50 year-round residents.
Zigni
Zigni (Tigrinya: ዝግኒ), kaih tsebhi (Tigrinya: ቀይሕ ጸብሒ) or kai wat (Amharic: ቀይ ወጥ) is a popular Eritrean and Ethiopian stew (tsebhi or wat) made from meat, tomatoes, red onions and Berbere spices. The meat can be beef, lamb, goat, or chicken and usually placed on a plate of injera, a type of unleavened bread made from teff flour. It can be eaten for lunch or dinner. The dish requires a relatively long amount of time but not a lot of active effort to make. The traditional recipe can take as long as five to six hours to prepare. As such, it is sometimes reserved for special occasions. The Berbere spices can make the zigni spicy and give it a red color.

It is considered to be the national dish of Eritrea.

Teff
Teff (Amharic: ጤፍ), Eragrostis tef, also known as Williams lovegrass and annual bunch grass, is an annual species of lovegrass native to Ethiopia, where it originated in the Ethiopian Highlands. It has been cultivated for its edible seeds, also called teff, since at least 1000 BCE and possibly as long ago as 4000 BCE. It is one of Ethiopia's most important staple crops. As a modern crop, it is low-yielding and susceptible to lodging; the tef shoot fly is a major pest.
Satsuki Eda
Satsuki Eda (江田 五月, Eda Satsuki; 22 May 1941 – 28 July 2021) was a Japanese politician who was the first opposition member to serve as the President of the House of Councillors from 2007 to 2010. Eda had served for three terms in the House of Councillors before his election as president on 7 August 2007, after the success of the Democratic Party in the July 2007 election for the Japanese House of Councillors. He had earlier served four terms in the House of Representatives from 1983 to 1996. Eda was also the head of the Science and Technology Agency.

President of the House of Councillors
The president of the House of Councillors (参議院議長, Sangiin-gichō) is the presiding officer of the House of Councillors, the upper house of Japan, and together with the Speaker of the House of Representatives, the president is also the head of the legislative branch of Japan. The president is elected by members of the House at the start of each session, and can serve two three-year terms, for a maximum of six years.

The current president of the House of Councillors is Masakazu Sekiguchi, who took office on 11 November 2024.
Church End, Totternhoe
Church End is a hamlet located in Bedfordshire, England.

The settlement forms part of the wider Totternhoe village (where the 2011 Census  population was included) and civil parish, with Church End being the closest part of the parish to the larger town of Dunstable. Totternhoe Lower School is located in Church End, as is "The Old Farm Inn" public house.

Dunstable
Dunstable (/ˈdʌnstəbəl/ DUN-stə-bəl) is a market town and civil parish in Bedfordshire, England, east of the Chiltern Hills, 30 miles (50 kilometres) north of London. There are several steep chalk escarpments, most noticeable when approaching Dunstable from the north. Dunstable is the fourth largest town in Bedfordshire and along with Houghton Regis forms the westernmost part of the Luton/Dunstable urban area.
Dyckman Street station (IND Eighth Avenue Line)
The Dyckman (pronounced DIKE-man) Street station (signed as Dyckman–200th Street) is a station on the IND Eighth Avenue Line of the New York City Subway, located at the intersection of Dyckman Street and Broadway in Inwood, within northern Manhattan. It is served by the A train at all times.

Turnstile
A turnstile (also called a gateline, baffle gate, automated gate, turn gate in some regions) is a form of gate which allows one person to pass at a time. A turnstile can be configured to enforce one-way human traffic. In addition, a turnstile can restrict passage only to people who insert a coin, ticket, transit pass, security credential, or other method of payment or verification.  Modern turnstiles can incorporate biometrics, including retina scanning, fingerprints, and other individual human characteristics which can be scanned.

A turnstile can be used in the case of paid access (sometimes called a faregate or ticket barrier when used for this purpose), for example to access public transport, a pay toilet, or to restrict access to authorized people, for example in the lobby of an office building.
Benedykt Dobszewicz
Benedykt Dobszewicz (Lithuanian: Benediktas Dobševičius; 12 March 1722 – after 1792) was a philosopher and physicist of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. A later adherent of cartesianism, Dobszewicz is considered the most prominent philosopher during the period of the collapse of scholasticism in Lithuania. Dobszewicz argued that there are three types of knowledge: historical, philosophical, and mathematical. Dobszewicz probably influenced the philosophy of Anioł Dowgird.

Anioł Dowgird
Anioł Dowgird (Lithuanian: Angelas Daugirdas; 1776–1835) was a philosopher of Polish Enlightenment and Lithuanian Enlightenment.

Born into a noble family in the Mahiliou province, Dowgird studied in Jesuit and Piarist schools in Mscislau, Mahiliou and Dubrouna, then joined the Piarist Order and took holy orders. Subsequently, he taught at Piarist schools and for a time was a professor of logic and ethics at Vilnius University.

Dowgird derived his views from John Locke's empiricism, the Scottish School of Common Sense, and Immanuel Kant's Critique of Pure Reason. But, unlike Kant, he ascribed to time and space a real existence independent of man.
Hochtief
Hochtief AG is a global provider of infrastructure technology and construction services, with locations in North America, Australia, and Europe. The Essen based company is primarily active in the fields of high tech, energy transition, and sustainable infrastructure. With the international projects making up 95% of the company's revenue, Hochtief was among the largest international construction firms in 2023.

In Australia, the group is active through its subsidiary Cimic (100% since 2022). Via its wholly owned subsidiary Turner, Hochtief is a leader in commercial construction in the United States. Since June 2018, Hochtief has held a 20% stake in Abertis. Abertis directly owns 99.1% of the toll road operator Abertis Infraestructuras.

Since ACS Group first acquired shares in Hochtief in 2005, it has increased its shareholding to 75.71% in 2023.

Hilton Athens
The Ilisian is a redevelopment of the historic Athens Hilton hotel, set to open in 2025. It is located in Athens, Greece, on Vassilissis Sofias Avenue, within the Hilton Area, adjacent to the Kolonaki and Pangrati neighbourhoods. Opened in 1963, it closed for renovations in January 2022. When it reopens in November 2025, it will contain the Conrad Athens The Ilisian, and new luxury residences under the Conrad and Waldorf Astoria brands on the top floors of the building.
2014 PBA Governors' Cup
The 2014 Philippine Basketball Association (PBA) Governors' Cup, also known as the 2014 PLDT Home TelPad-PBA Governors' Cup for sponsorship reasons, was the third and last conference of the 2013–14 PBA season. The conference began on May 18 and ended on July 9, 2014.

The tournament is an import-laden format, which requires an import or a pure-foreign player for each team, The recruited imports must be not taller than 6 feet and 5 inches for every team.

Games in the tournament are televised by TV5 and AksyonTV; games are also being simulcast in high definition through a special channel exclusive to Cignal Digital TV subscribers.

PBA Governors' Cup
The PBA Governors' Cup is one of three active conferences in the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA). It is also one of two conferences, the other being the Commissioner's Cup which allows teams to hire a single foreign player, known as an "import". The Governors' Cup also refers to the trophy awarded to the champion team.

The first run of the Governors' Cup lasted from 1993 to 2002. In 2003, it was replaced by the returning Reinforced Conference, and from 2004 to 2010, the Fiesta Conference was held as the lone import-laden conference. The conference was then reinstated 2011 when the league reverted back to a three-conference format.

The TNT Tropang 5G are the current defending Governors' champions, winning the 2024 PBA Governors' Cup when they were known as the TNT Tropang Giga. The San Miguel Beermen have won the most Governors' Cup titles with five.
Diocese of Nantes
The Diocese of Nantes (Latin: Dioecesis Nannetensis; French: Diocèse de Nantes; Breton: Eskopti Naoned) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church in Nantes, France. The diocese consists of the department of Loire-Atlantique. It has existed since the 4th century. It is now suffragan of the Archdiocese of Rennes, Dol, and Saint-Malo, having previously been suffragan to the Archdiocese of Tours. The seat of the bishop  is the Cathedral of S. Pierre in the city of Nantes.

In 2021, in the Diocese of Nantes there was one priest for every 3,802 Catholics.

National Constituent Assembly (France)
The National Constituent Assembly (French: Assemblée nationale constituante) was a constituent assembly in the Kingdom of France formed from the National Assembly on 9 July 1789 during the first stages of the French Revolution. It dissolved on 30 September 1791 and was succeeded by the Legislative Assembly.
Outline of Kuwait
Kuwait is a sovereign emirate located on the coast of the Persian Gulf in Southwest Asia and the Middle East.  Kuwait is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the south and Iraq to the north and west.  The name of Kuwait is a diminutive of an Arabic word meaning "fortress built near water." It has a population of 4.1 million and an area of 17,818 km2. Kuwait is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system of government and Kuwait City serves as its political and economic capital.

Demographics of Kuwait
This is a demography of the population of Kuwait (Arabic: سكان الكويت).

Expatriates account for around 60% of Kuwait's total population, with Kuwaitis constituting 38%-42% of the total population. The government and some Kuwaiti citizens consider the proportion of expatriates (which has been relatively stable since the mid-1970s) to be a problem, and in 2016 the number of deportations increased. Most were deported for outstaying their residency permits but others also for traffic offences.
Sainte-Marie (federal electoral district)
Sainte-Marie and St. Mary were federal electoral districts in Quebec, Canada, that were represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1896 to 1979.

This riding was created in 1892 as "St. Mary" riding from parts of Montreal East riding. It consisted of St. Mary's ward in the city of Montreal. In 1914, it was expanded to include papineau ward. After 1924, it was defined as being a part of the city of Montreal circumscribed by a number of streets.

In 1952, St. Mary riding was abolished, and replaced by "Sainte-Marie" riding. In 1976, this riding was abolished when it was redistributed into Hochelaga, Laurier and Saint-Henri ridings.

From 1978 to 1980, Hochelaga riding was known as "Sainte-Marie", and from 1981 to 1987, it was known as "Montreal—Sainte-Marie".

Laurier (federal electoral district)
Laurier, a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1935 to 1988.

It was set up in 1933 from parts of Laurier—Outremont and Saint-Denis ridings. It was abolished in 1987 when it was redistributed into Laurier—Sainte-Marie, Outremont, Rosemont and Saint-Henri—Westmount ridings.

The riding was re-created in 2003, and renamed Laurier—Sainte-Marie in 2004.
2009 Birthday Honours
The Queen's Birthday Honours 2009 were appointments by some of the 16 Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to recognise and reward good works by citizens of those countries. The Birthday Honours are awarded as part of the Queen's Official Birthday celebrations during the month of June.

The Queen's Birthday Honours were announced on 12 June 2009 in the United Kingdom, on 8 June 2009 in Australia, on 1 June 2009 in New Zealand, and on 15 June 2009 in The Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Belize, and Antigua & Barbuda.

The recipients of honours are displayed as they were styled before their new honour and arranged by the country (in order of precedence) whose ministers advised The Queen on the appointments, then by honour with grades i.e. Knight/Dame Grand Cross, Knight/Dame Commander etc. and then divisions i.e. Civil, Diplomatic and Military as appropriate.

Birthday Honours
The Birthday Honours, in some Commonwealth realms, mark the reigning monarch's official birthday in each realm by granting various individuals appointment into national or dynastic orders or the award of decorations and medals. The honours are presented by the monarch or a viceregal representative. The Birthday Honours are one of two annual honours lists, along with the New Year Honours. All royal honours are published in the relevant gazette.
Shuswap Nation Tribal Council
The Shuswap Nation Tribal Council is a First Nations tribal council in the Canadian province of British Columbia. It is Based in the Thompson and Shuswap Districts of the Central Interior, and includes one band on the upper Columbia River in the East Kootenay region. It is one of two tribal councils of the Secwepemc people, the other being the Northern Shuswap Tribal Council of the Cariboo region further to the north. The council is based in Kamloops, British Columbia.

Thompson River
The Thompson River is the largest tributary of the Fraser River, flowing through the south-central portion of British Columbia, Canada.  The Thompson River has two main branches, the South Thompson River and the North Thompson River. The river is home to several varieties of Pacific salmon and trout. The area's geological history was heavily influenced by glaciation, and the several large glacial lakes have filled the river valley over the last 12,000 years. Archaeological evidence shows human habitation in the watershed dating back at least 8,300 years. The Thompson was named by Fraser River explorer, Simon Fraser, in honour of his friend, Columbia Basin explorer David Thompson. Recreational use of the river includes whitewater rafting and angling.
HMS Elizabeth (1807)
HMS Elizabeth was a 74-gun third-rate Repulse-class ship of the line built for the Royal Navy in the first decade of the 19th century. Completed in 1807, she played a minor role in the Napoleonic Wars.

Repulse-class ship of the line
The Repulse-class ships of the line were a class of eleven 74-gun third rates, designed for the Royal Navy by Sir William Rule. The first three ships to this design were ordered in 1800, with a second batch of five following in 1805. The final three ships of the class were ordered towards the end of the Napoleonic Wars to a modified version of Rule's draught, using the new interlocking, diagonal truss system created by Sir Robert Seppings; all three were completed after the war's end.
Chilean art
Chilean art refers to all kinds of visual art developed in Chile, or by Chileans, from the arrival of the Spanish conquerors to the modern day. It also includes the native pre-Columbian pictorial expression on modern Chilean territory.

Charles Thorold Wood
Charles Thorold Wood, senior (15 January 1777 – 13 March 1852) was an English army officer and country gentleman whose sons Charles Thorold Wood, junior (1817–1849) and Neville Wood (1818–25 March 1886) were ornithologists. Several accounts have confounded him with his namesake son who wrote The Ornithological Guide (1835). Charles junior also wrote under the initials S.D.W. Neville wrote two books including British Song Birds (1836) which was dedicated to Edward Blyth, and The ornithologists' text-book (1836) dedicated to John Latham.
Nollywood
Nollywood, a portmanteau of Nigeria and Hollywood, is a sobriquet that originally referred to the Nigerian film industry. The origin of the term goes back to the early 2000s, traced to an article in The New York Times. Due to the history of evolving meanings and contexts, there is no clear or agreed-upon definition for the term, which has made it a subject of several controversies.

Moses Olaiya
Moses Olaiya Listenⓘ (18 May 1936 – 7 October 2018), better known by his stage name "Baba Sala", was a Nigerian comedian, dramatist, and actor.

A Yoruba from Ijesha, Baba Sala, regarded as the father of modern Nigerian comedy, alongside other dramatists like Hubert Ogunde, Kola Ogunmola, Oyin Adejobi and Duro Ladipo popularized theater and television acting in Nigeria. He was a prolific filmmaker. Significantly, Baba Sala started his career in show business as a Highlife musician, fronting in 1964 a group known as the Federal Rhythm Dandies where he tutored and guided the jùjú music maestro King Sunny Adé who was his lead guitar player.
Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase
Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase catalyzes the ATP-dependent synthesis
of carbamoyl phosphate from glutamine (EC 6.3.5.5) or ammonia (EC 6.3.4.16) and bicarbonate. This ATP-grasp enzyme catalyzes the reaction of ATP and bicarbonate to produce carboxy phosphate and ADP. Carboxy phosphate reacts with ammonia to give carbamic acid. In turn, carbamic acid reacts with a second ATP to give carbamoyl phosphate plus ADP.

It represents the first committed step in pyrimidine and arginine biosynthesis in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and in the urea cycle in most terrestrial vertebrates. Most prokaryotes carry one form of CPSase that participates in both arginine and pyrimidine biosynthesis, however certain bacteria can have separate forms.

There are three different forms that serve very different functions:

Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I (mitochondria, urea cycle)

Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II (cytosol, pyrimidine metabolism).

Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase III (found in fish).

Arginine
Arginine is the amino acid with the formula (H2N)(HN)CN(H)(CH2)3CH(NH2)CO2H.  The molecule features a guanidino group appended to a standard amino acid framework. At physiological pH, the carboxylic acid is deprotonated (−CO2−) and both the amino and guanidino groups are protonated, resulting in a cation. Only the l-arginine (symbol Arg or R) enantiomer is found naturally. Arg residues are common components of proteins. It is encoded by the codons CGU, CGC, CGA, CGG, AGA, and AGG. The guanidine group in arginine is the precursor for the biosynthesis of nitric oxide. Like all amino acids, it is a white, water-soluble solid.

The one-letter symbol R was assigned to arginine for its phonetic similarity in English.