hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Midlands (Tasmania)
The Midlands  is a region of Tasmania between Launceston and Hobart. It also refers to the relatively flat, dry agricultural area, so named because it covers the region between the two cities. Its name is probably also influenced from the Midlands in the United Kingdom. It lends its name to the Southern Midlands Council, Northern Midlands Council, and the Midland Highway. The region is sometimes conflated or confused with the adjacent region of the Central Highlands—with the added term Tasmania's heartland.

Midland Highway (Tasmania)
The Midland Highway (also known as the Midlands Highway) is one of Tasmania's major inter-city highways, running for 176 kilometres (109 mi) between Hobart and Launceston. It is part of the AusLink National Network and is a vital link for road freight to transport goods to and from the two cities.
It represents a major north–south transportation corridor in Tasmania and has the route 1 designation as part of the National Highway.
The highway consists of various traffic lane arrangements, the most common being two lanes – one in each direction, with overtaking options and at-grade intersections. At both the Launceston and Hobart sections of the highway there are small portions of grade-separated dual carriageway.
Astacoides madagascarensis
Astacoides madagascarensis is a species of southern crawfish in the family Parastacidae.

The IUCN conservation status of Astacoides madagascarensis is "LC", least concern, with no immediate threat to the species' survival. The IUCN status was reviewed in 2016.

Parastacidae
The Parastacidae are the family of freshwater crayfish found in the Southern Hemisphere. The family is a classic Gondwana-distributed taxon, with extant members in South America, Madagascar, Australia, New Zealand, and New Guinea, and extinct taxa also in Antarctica.
Mike Milbury
Michael James Milbury (born June 17, 1952) is an American former professional ice hockey player and current sports announcer. He played for twelve seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL), all for the Boston Bruins. He helped the Bruins reach the Stanley Cup Finals in 1977 and 1978. He was inducted into the U.S hockey hall of fame in 2006.

Milbury later served as assistant general manager under Harry Sinden and head coach for Boston, as well as general manager and head coach for the New York Islanders. He served as a television color commentator and analyst for the NHL on NBC from 2007 to 2021.

Harry Sinden
Harry James Sinden (born September 14, 1932) is a Canadian former ice hockey player, coach, and executive. He served as a coach, general manager, and team president for the Boston Bruins of the National Hockey League (NHL), and was the coach of Team Canada during the 1972 Summit Series. He is a member of the Hockey Hall of Fame in the builders category. He was inducted into the IIHF Hall of Fame in its inaugural class of 1997.
History of the Bulgarian language
The history of the Bulgarian language can be divided into three major periods:

Old Bulgarian (from the late 9th until the 11th century);

Middle Bulgarian (from the 12th century to the 15th century);

Modern Bulgarian (since the 16th century).

Bulgarian is a written South Slavic language that dates back to the end of the 9th century.

Yat
Yat or jat (Ѣ ѣ; italics: Ѣ ѣ) is the thirty-second letter of the old Cyrillic alphabet.

There is also another version of yat, the iotated yat (majuscule: ⟨Ꙓ⟩, minuscule: ⟨ꙓ⟩), which is a Cyrillic character combining a decimal I and a yat. There was no numerical value for this letter and it was not in the Glagolitic alphabet. It is encoded in Unicode 5.1 at positions U+A652 and U+A653.
Small Adzhalyk Estuary
The Small Adzhalyk Estuary or Hryhorivsky Estuary  is a brackish water area in southern Ukraine, located 30 kilometres (19 mi) north-east of Odesa. In the lower part (left bank) of the estuary, the Pivdennyi Port is located there. The estuary is connected with the sea by the navigation canal 3 km length and 14 m depth.
The length of the estuary is about 12 km, width from 300 m in upper part to 1.3 km in lower part.

Pivdennyi Port
The Pivdennyi Seaport (Ukrainian: Морський порт "Південний", romanized: Morskyi port 'Pivdennyi'; known as Yuzhnyi from Russian: Южный, lit. 'Southern' before 2017) is a commercial seaport in the Ukrainian city of Pivdenne near Odesa, on the Black Sea coast.

It is the largest and most ioerationally profitable port of Ukraine. According to the American Association of Port Authorities it was ranked the 91st (48,582 thousand tons) in 2015 in terms of total cargo turnover among the world's ports. According to the Law of Ukraine "On Seaports of Ukraine," the functions of the seaport administration are performed by the Southern branch of the state enterprise of the Ukrainian Sea Ports Authority.
Conna
Conna (Irish: Conaithe) is a village in County Cork, Ireland. It is situated on the River Bride, southeast of the town of Fermoy, on the R628 regional road. The village contains several pubs, a shop, a post office, a Roman Catholic church (built c. 1820) and a nearby Church of Ireland chapel. The village is dominated by Conna Castle, a five-story tower house situated on a limestone outcrop near the river.

Fermoy
Fermoy (Irish: Mainistir Fhear Maí, meaning 'monastery of the men of the plain') is a town on the River Blackwater in east County Cork, Ireland. As of the 2022 census, the town and environs had a population of approximately 6,700 people. It is located in the historical barony of Condons and Clangibbon, and is in the Dáil constituency of Cork East.

The town's name is of Irish origin and refers to a Cistercian abbey founded in the 13th century. This abbey is believed to have been founded by Domnall Mór Ua Briain, King of Thomond.
Liouville space
In the mathematical physics of quantum mechanics, Liouville space, also known as line space, is the space of operators on Hilbert space.  Liouville space is itself a Hilbert space under the Hilbert-Schmidt inner product.

Abstractly, Liouville space is equivalent (isometrically isomorphic) to the tensor product of a Hilbert space with its dual.  A common computational technique to organize computations in Liouville space is vectorization.

Liouville space underlies the density operator formalism and is a common computation technique in the study of open quantum systems.

Vectorization (mathematics)
In mathematics, especially in linear algebra and matrix theory, the vectorization of a matrix is a linear transformation which converts the matrix into a vector. Specifically, the vectorization of a m × n matrix A, denoted vec(A), is the mn × 1 column vector obtained by stacking the columns of the matrix A on top of one another:

Here,  represents the element in the i-th row and j-th column of A, and the superscript  denotes the transpose. In other words, vec(A) is a vector containing the entries of A in column-major order.

Vectorization expresses, through coordinates, the isomorphism  between these (i.e., of matrices and vectors) as vector spaces.

For example, for the 2×2 matrix , the vectorization is .

The connection between the vectorization of A and the vectorization of its transpose is given by the commutation matrix.
Schleswig-Holstein Police
Schleswig-Holstein Police (German: Landespolizei Schleswig-Holstein) is a state law-enforcement agency in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is subordinated to the Schleswig-Holstein Ministry of the Interior, Municipal Affairs, Housing and Sports.

District of Duchy of Lauenburg
Duchy of Lauenburg (German: Herzogtum Lauenburg [ˈhɛʁtsoːktuːm ˈlaʊənbʊʁk] ⓘ) is the southernmost Kreis, or district, officially called District of Duchy of Lauenburg (German: Kreis Herzogtum Lauenburg), of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is bordered by (from the west and clockwise) the district of Stormarn, the city of Lübeck, the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (districts of Nordwestmecklenburg and Ludwigslust-Parchim), the state of Lower Saxony (districts of Lüneburg and Harburg), and the city state of Hamburg. The district of Herzogtum Lauenburg is named after the former Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg.
Siemens Avenio
The Siemens Avenio is a low floor tram family produced by Siemens Mobility, a subsidiary of the German conglomerate Siemens. It is the successor to the Combino family. The first generation was sold as the Combino Supra /ˈsuːprə/, Combino MkII, or Combino Plus. With the introduction of the second generation in 2009 the Combino brand was dropped and Siemens have referred to Combino Plus trams in Almada (Portugal) and Budapest (Hungary) as part of the Avenio range.

The Avenio is made of stainless steel instead of light materials, and is manufactured at a new assembly line in Vienna, as well as in Kragujevac. Like the Combino it utilizes a modular design with standardised components, with resulting reduced costs. Unlike the Combino, which is of the multi-articulated design, the Avenio uses a more simple design with short single-articulations.: 38-49

Canadian Light Rail Vehicle
The Canadian Light Rail Vehicle (CLRV) and Articulated Light Rail Vehicle (ALRV) were types of streetcars used by the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) from the late 1970s until they were scrapped in the late 2010s. They were built following the TTC's decision to retain streetcar services in the 1970s, replacing the existing PCC streetcar fleet.

Two variants were produced: the standard single-module CLRV (built between 1977 and 1981) and the longer articulated double-module ALRV (built between 1987 and 1989). The ALRVs were officially retired from regular TTC service on September 2, 2019, with the CLRVs officially retired on December 29, 2019. Both were replaced by the Flexity Outlook, a low-floor streetcar first introduced in 2014.
Jordan River Parkway
The Jordan River Parkway is an approximately 40-mile (64 km) urban park that runs along the Jordan River within the U.S. state of Utah.  The parkway follows along the river from Utah Lake in Utah County, through Salt Lake County and onto the Great Salt Lake in Davis County. The majority of a mixed-use trail has been completed with a shared-use path for cyclists, skaters, and joggers. A separate equestrian path runs on the southern portion of the trail. Many trail-heads, city and county parks and golf courses are also located along the parkway.

Midvale, Utah
Midvale City is located in the heart of Salt Lake County, Utah, United States. It is part of the Salt Lake City metropolitan area. Midvale's population was 36,028 according to the 2020 United States Census.

Midvale is home to the Shops at Fort Union, located on the East side of the city and the Bingham Junction economic center, located on the west side of the city. Midvale is centrally located in the most populous county in Utah and is bisected by Interstate 15.  Interstate 215 serves as the northern boundary of the city's east side.  Midvale is one of the few cities in Utah to be home to two direct TRAX lines and three TRAX stations.
January 2013 Northwest Pacific cyclone
The January 2013 Northwest Pacific cyclone was a powerful extratropical cyclone which caused heavy rainfall and a severe blizzard in Japan in January 2013. Forming northeast of Taiwan on January 13 and absorbing Tropical Depression Bising soon afterward, the storm quickly intensified in the southern sea off Japan on January 14, and reached its peak intensity east of Japan on January 15, with its central atmospheric pressure decreasing to 936 hPa (27.6 inHg). The system then weakened, crossed the Kamchatka Peninsula late on January 18, and dissipated east of Hokkaido on January 21.

Beaufort scale
The Beaufort scale (/ˈboʊfərt/ BOH-fərt) is an empirical measure that relates wind speed to observed conditions at sea or on land. Its full name is the Beaufort wind force scale. It was devised in 1805 by Francis Beaufort, a hydrographer in the British Royal Navy. It was officially adopted by the Royal Navy and later spread internationally.
Dennis Haskins
Dennis Haskins (born November 18, 1950) is an American actor known for his role as Principal Richard Belding in the teen sitcom Saved by the Bell, which ran from 1989 to 1993 on NBC. He then went on to star in Saved by the Bell: The New Class, which aired from 1993 to 2000. He also portrayed the role as a regular in Good Morning, Miss Bliss.

Saved by the Bell: The College Years
Saved by the Bell: The College Years is an American television sitcom, and sequel to Saved by the Bell. It is the third incarnation of the franchise, and ran on NBC for one season, premiering on May 22, 1993, and airing its final episode on February 8, 1994. It is the only series of the franchise to air on primetime television instead of Saturday mornings – most episodes aired on Tuesday evenings. The series follows Zack, Screech and A.C. Slater, and their three female suitemates, including Kelly Kapowski, in the dorms at college. It was followed by a television film, Saved by the Bell: Wedding in Las Vegas, which aired in October 1994.
Murembwe Hydroelectric Power Station
The Murembwe Hydroelectric Power Plant (French: Centrale Hydroélectrique de Murembwe) is a hydroelectric power station in the Bururi Province of Burundi.
As of 2024 it was expected to the completed in 2025.

Bururi Province
Bururi was one of the provinces of Burundi. It was formerly Burundi's largest province until the communes of Burambi, Buyengero and Rumonge were transferred to the province of Rumonge when it was created in 2015. In 2025, Bururi was merged into the new province of Burunga.
Bu Xiaolin
Bu Xiaolin (Chinese: 布小林; pinyin: Bù Xiǎolín; Mongolian: ᠪᠦ᠋ᠰᠢᠶᠣ᠋ᠯᠢᠨ; born August 1958) is a Chinese politician of Mongol descent. She had served as chairwoman of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Government  (equivalent of a provincial governor) from 2016 to 2021. She is the daughter of Buhe, a former chairman of Inner Mongolia, and the granddaughter of Ulanhu, the founding chairman of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and a Vice President of China.

Mongols in China
Mongols in China, also known as Mongolian Chinese or Chinese Mongols, are ethnic Mongols who live in China. They are one of the 56 ethnic groups recognized by the Chinese government.

As of 2020, there are 6,290,204 Mongols in China, a 0.45% increase from the 2010 national census. Most of them live in Inner Mongolia, Northeast China, Xinjiang and Qinghai. The Mongol population in China is nearly twice as much as that of the sovereign state of Mongolia.
Bishweshwar Nath Reu
Bisheshwar Nath Reu (2 July 1890 – 1947) was an Indian historian. He started his career as an assistant to Gaurishankar Hirachand Ojha, and learned the ancient Dingal language from him. Later, he was appointed as the head of the Department of History (by Maharaja Sumer Singh of Jodhpur), Department of Archaeology (by Maharaja Ummed Singh of Jodhpur), the Sardar Museum, the Pustak Prakash (Manuscript Library) and Sumer Public Library of the erstwhile princely state of Jodhpur. Mahamahopadhyaya He made his mark as a historian, epigraphist, numismatist and Sanskritist, he is best known for his history of Marwar.

Gaurishankar Hirachand Ojha
Gaurishankar Hirachand Ojha (15 September, 1863– 17 April, 1947), born in Rohida village of Sirohi District, was a historian from the Indian state of Rajasthan.  A prolific author, he wrote several books ( in Hindi ) on the history of Rajasthan and other historical subjects. Subsequent historians from Rajasthan have referred to him as Guruvara Mahamahopadhyaya (e.g. Dasharatha Sharma in Early Chauhan Dynasties). Ojha regarded Kaviraj Shyamaldas as his guru and worked under him as assistant secretary of the historical department, Udaipur
Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (July–December 2021)
The following is a timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom from July 2021 to December 2021.

There are significant differences in the legislation and the reporting between the countries of the UK: England, Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales. The numbers of cases and deaths are reported on a government Web site updated daily during the pandemic. The UK-wide COVID Symptom Study based on surveys of four million participants, endorsed by authorities in Scotland and Wales, run by health science company ZOE, and analysed by King's College London researchers, publishes daily estimates of the number of new and total current COVID-19 infections (excluding care homes) in UK regions, without restriction to only laboratory-confirmed cases.

NHS COVID-19
NHS COVID-19 was a voluntary contact tracing app for monitoring the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in England and Wales, in use from 24 September 2020 until 27 April 2023. It was available for Android and iOS smartphones, and could be used by anyone aged 16 or over.

Two versions of the app were created. The first was commissioned by NHSX and developed by the Pivotal division of American software company VMware. A pilot deployment began in May 2020, but on 18 June development of the app was abandoned in favour of a second design using the Apple/Google Exposure Notification system. Scotland and Northern Ireland had separate contact tracing apps.

A 2023 study estimated that in its first year of use, the app's contact tracing function prevented an estimated 1 million cases, and 9,600 deaths.
Jack Wade, Alaska
Jack Wade is an unincorporated community in Southeast Fairbanks Census Area, Alaska, United States.  Its elevation is 2,428 feet (740 m), and it is located along Wade Creek at 64°9′15″N 141°27′35″W﻿ / ﻿64.15417°N 141.45972°W﻿ / 64.15417; -141.45972 (64.1541667, -141.4597222), about 46 miles (74 km) south of Eagle near the Canada–US border.  Founded as a mining camp around 1900, it was named for Jack Anderson and Wade Nelson, the original locators.  Jack Wade received a post office in 1901, which remained until 1948.

Eagle, Alaska
Eagle (Tthee T’äwdlenn in Hän Athabascan) is a village on the south bank of the Yukon River, near the Canada–US border in the Southeast Fairbanks Census Area in Alaska, United States. It includes the Eagle Historic District, a U.S. National Historic Landmark. As of the 2020 census, Eagle had a population of 83. Every February, Eagle hosts a checkpoint for the long-distance Yukon Quest sled dog race.
Chicago Area Rugby Football Union
The Chicago Area Rugby Football Union (CARFU) is the Local Area Union (LAU) for rugby union teams in the Chicago metropolitan area. CARFU is part of the Midwest Rugby Football Union (MRFU), which is also the governing body for the Allegheny, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin LAU's. All local and territorial unions are part of USA Rugby.

Allegheny Rugby Union
The Allegheny Rugby Union is a non-profit corporation whose objective is to promote, serve, and manage the game of rugby union in the greater Pittsburgh area. The Allegheny area is the region described as Western Pennsylvania, Western New York, Northern West Virginia and Eastern Ohio bordering Pennsylvania in the United States of America. The Allegheny Rugby Union is a member of the Midwest Rugby Football Union (MRFU) and USA Rugby.
Military Ordinariate of Canada
The Military Ordinariate of Canada (French: Ordinariat militaire du Canada, Latin: Ordinariatus Militaris Canadensis) is a Latin Church military ordinariate of the Catholic Church.

It is immediately exempt to the Holy See and its Roman Congregation for Bishops. With no cathedral, the ordinariate's headquarters are at Canadian Forces Support Unit (Ottawa), Uplands site - Building 469, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K2. The current episcopal Ordinary is Scott McCaig. The Roman Catholic Military Ordinary is a member of the ecumenical Interfaith Committee on Canadian Military Chaplaincy (ICCMC).

Superior general (Christianity)
A superior general or general superior is the leader or head of an 'order' of religious persons (nuns, priests, friars, etc) or, in other words, of a 'religious institute' in the Catholic Church, and in some other Christian denominations. The superior general usually holds supreme 'executive' authority in the religious community, subject only to the Pope in the case of Catholic orders, while the general chapter has 'legislative' authority. Many Catholic superiors general are elected (directly or indirectly) by their order's membership, and are based in Rome, and thus facilitate their order's engagement with other elements of church leadership (the Pope; the Roman Curia; other orders' leadership).
East Livermore, Maine
East Livermore is an unincorporated village in the town of Livermore Falls, Androscoggin County, Maine, United States. It is included both the Lewiston-Auburn, Maine Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Lewiston-Auburn, Maine Metropolitan New England City and Town Area. The community is located along Maine State Route 133 and the Androscoggin River, 22 miles (35 km) north of Lewiston. East Livermore has a post office with ZIP code 04228.

Lewiston–Auburn
Lewiston–Auburn (L–A) are twin cities in Androscoggin County, Maine, USA. Together, they have a population of 61,182 in a combined 101 square miles (260 km2). The cities are commonly called "Cities of the Androscoggin," as they are seated along the banks of the Androscoggin River which separates them. They share infrastructure and transportation, such as the Lewiston-Auburn CityLink, the Lewiston and Auburn Railroad Company and the Auburn/Lewiston Municipal Airport. They also form the Lewiston-Auburn Metropolitan Statistical Area, which encompasses Androscoggin County. The Lewiston–Auburn Economic Growth Council has been promoting the cities as one community for decades in its campaign to promote growth in industry and business.
St Paul's Church, Bledlow Ridge
St Paul’s Church, Bledlow Ridge is a Grade II listed parish church of the Church of England in the village of Bledlow Ridge, Buckinghamshire, England. It is part of the benefice of Bledlow with Saunderton and Horsenden in the Diocese of Oxford.

Diocese of Oxford
The Diocese of Oxford is a Church of England diocese that forms part of the Province of Canterbury. The diocese is led by the Bishop of Oxford (currently Steven Croft), and the bishop's seat is at Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford. It contains more church buildings than any other diocese and has more paid clergy than any other except London.

The diocese now covers the counties of Berkshire (118 churches), Buckinghamshire (152 churches), Oxfordshire (227 churches) and five churches in the nearby counties. Their 284 schools educate more than 68,000 students.
Ba Bể district
Ba Bể is a rural district of Bắc Kạn province in the Northeast region of Vietnam. As of 2019 the district had a population of 48,325. The district covers an area of 678 km2. The district town lies at Chợ Rã.

Thượng Minh
Thượng Minh is a commune (xã) and village in Thái Nguyên Province, in Vietnam.

In June 2025, Thượng Minh Commune was established through the merger of the entire natural area and population of Yến Dương Commune (natural area: 39.80 km²; population: 2,892), Chu Hương Commune (natural area: 34.85 km²; population: 3,753), and Mỹ Phương Commune (natural area: 57.00 km²; population: 4,385) of Ba Bể District.
Ministry of Defence (Nigeria)
The Ministry of Defence is a government ministry in Nigeria with the statutory responsibility of overseeing and supervising the Nigerian Armed Forces. The Ministry of Defence is headed by the Minister of Defence, a cabinet-level head who reports directly to the President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Its main mission is to provide administrative and support services, timely and effectively to enable the Armed Forces of the Federal Republic of Nigeria.

Nigerian Air Force
The Nigerian Air Force (NAF) is the air branch of the Nigerian Armed Forces. It is the youngest branch of the Nigerian military, established four years after the nation became independent. As at 2021, the air force is one of the largest in Africa, consisting of over 18,000 personnel. Some of its popular aircraft include the Chengdu F-7s, Dassault-Dornier Alpha Jets, JF-17 Thunder Block II, T129 Atak, Agusta Westland 109, Eurocopter EC135 and Embraer EMB 314 Super Tucano.