hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sultan Murad (Aq Qoyunlu)
Sultan Murad (also spelled Sultan-Murad; Persian: سلطان مراد) was the last sultan of the Aq Qoyunlu from 1497 to 1508. After losing his kingdom to the Safavid Shah Ismail I (r. 1501–1524), he fled to Diyar Bakr, where he was eventually killed by Shah Ismail's Qizilbash soldiers at the end of 1514.

Shah
Shāh (/ʃɑː/; Persian: شاه [ˈʃaːɦ] ⓘ) is a royal title meaning 'king' in Persian. Though chiefly associated with the monarchs of Iran, it was also used to refer to the leaders of numerous Persianate societies, such as the Ottoman Empire, the Khanate of Bukhara and the Emirate of Bukhara, the Mughal Empire, the Bengal Sultanate, and various Afghan dynasties, as well as among Gurkhas. With regard to Iranian history, in particular, each ruling monarch was not seen simply as the head of the concurrent dynasty and state, but as the successor to a long line of royalty beginning with the original Persian Empire of Cyrus the Great. To this end, he was more emphatically known as the Shāhanshāh (شاهنشاه, šāhanšāh, 'king of kings' [ˌʃaːhanˈʃaːɦ]), since the Achaemenid dynasty. A roughly equivalent title is Pādishāh (پادشاه, pādišāh, pādšāh, 'master king'), which was most widespread during the Muslim period in the Indian subcontinent.
Benjamin Sommers
Benjamin Daniel Sommers is an American physician and health economist. He is a professor of Health Policy and Economics at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and a primary care physician (PCP) at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts. He was appointed by President Joe Biden to be a Deputy Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation (DASPE) for Health Policy (HP) at the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) in 2021. His term expired in January 2023. He is regarded as an national authority on Medicare and Medicaid. He currently lives in Brookline, Massachusetts.

Assistant Secretary of Health and Human Services for Planning and Evaluation
The Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation (ASPE) is the principal advisory group to the U.S. Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) on policy development and provides coordination and support for HHS's strategic and policy planning, planning and development of legislation, program evaluation, data gathering, policy-related research, and regulatory program.

ASPE refers both to the position, the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, and the office directed by that position. Since its authorization in 1965, ASPE has played an instrumental role as an internal strategy group, think tank, and incubator supporting the priorities and needs of the Secretary, and consequently, the Department as a whole.

As part of the announced 2025 HHS reorganization, the office is planned to be integrated into the new HHS Office of Strategy.
The Royal Swordsmen
The Royal Swordsmen (天下第一; Tiānxià Dìyī; 'Number One Under Heaven') is a Chinese wuxia television series directed by Deng Yancheng and Wei Liyuan, starring Roger Kwok, Li Yapeng, Wallace Huo, Michelle Ye, Damian Lau, Tammy Chen, Gao Yuanyuan and Eva Huang. It was first shown on Shenzhen Media Group's Drama Channel on 30 January 2005.

Shenzhen Media Group
Shenzhen Media Group (SMG, Chinese: 深圳广播电影电视集团; pinyin: Shēnzhèn Guǎngbō Diànyǐng Diànshì Jítuán) is a state media company based in Shenzhen, Guangdong province, China. It owns twelve TV channels and four radio stations which broadcast music, report news and Chinese talk shows. Shenzhen Media Group is controlled by the propaganda department of the Shenzhen Municipal Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.
Chopin Theatre
Chopin Theatre is an independent performing arts venue located in Wicker Park, Chicago. Reopened in 1990 by Zygmunt Dyrkacz, a Polish immigrant, the theater has become a significant cultural hub known for its eclectic programming and commitment to avant-garde and experimental performances. Since 1990, Chopin Theatre has hosted over 2,100 presentations as well as its own productions, ranging from theater and dance to music and literary events. The venue is particularly renowned for showcasing international works, especially from Eastern Europe.

Wicker Park, Chicago
Wicker Park is a neighborhood in the West Town community area of the West Side of Chicago, Illinois, United States, west of the Kennedy Expressway, east of Humboldt Park, and south of the Bloomingdale Trail, known for its nightlife and food scene.

Wicker Park has seen real estate and commercial development, particularly along the CTA Blue Line subway. It is home to many luxury boutique shops and several flagship retail stores. Within the 60622 zip code, Wicker Park is home to some of Chicago's most expensive real estate with median home prices over $550,000.
The Thirteenth Juror
The Thirteenth Juror is a 1927 American silent mystery film directed by Edward Laemmle and written by Charles Logue and Walter Anthony. It is based on the 1908 play Counsel for the Defense by Henry Irving Dodge. The film stars Anna Q. Nilsson, Francis X. Bushman, Walter Pidgeon, Martha Mattox, Sidney Bracey and Sailor Sharkey. The film was released on November 13, 1927, by Universal Pictures.

Francis X. Bushman
Francis Xavier Bushman (January 10, 1883 – August 23, 1966) was an American film actor and director. His career as a matinee idol started in 1911 in the silent film His Friend's Wife. He gained a large female following and was one of the biggest stars of the 1910s and early '20s.

Bushman, like many of his contemporaries, broke into the moving picture business via the stage. He rose to fame at Essanay Studios in Chicago, where he was first noticed for his muscular, sculpted frame. He appeared in nearly 200 feature film roles—more than 175 films before 1920, and 27 in his screen debut year of 1911 alone. He also worked for the Vitagraph studio before signing with Metro in 1915. He later went into radio and television.
Treasurer (privateer)
Treasurer was a sailing ship operating in the Atlantic Ocean in the early 1600s. Captained by Samuel Argall and then Daniel Elfrith, it is notable for its dealings with the Colony of Virginia, notably encounters with Pocahontas, and (along with the White Lion) delivering the first Africans to Virginia and to Bermuda.

Virginia Company of London
The Virginia Company of London (sometimes called "London Company") was a division of the Virginia Company with responsibility for colonizing the east coast of North America between latitudes 34° and 41° N.
Bernette Ford
Bernette Ford (June 30, 1950 – June 20, 2021) was an American author, editor and publisher. She worked as editor-in-chief at Grosset & Dunlap and later Scholastic Books, where she was vice-president of the Cartwheel imprint, which she helped launch. She was known for being one of the few African-American editors working with children's books, having begun her career in the 1970s.

Grosset & Dunlap
Grosset & Dunlap is a New York City-based publishing house founded in 1898.

The company was purchased by G. P. Putnam's Sons in 1982 and today is part of Penguin Random House through its subsidiary Penguin Group.

In recent years, through the Penguin Group, they have published approximately 170 titles a year, including licensed children's books for such properties as Miss Spider, Strawberry Shortcake, Super Why!, Charlie and Lola, Nova the Robot, Weebles, Bratz, The Wiggles, Sonic X, and Atomic Betty. Grosset & Dunlap also publishes Dick and Jane children's books and, through Platt & Munk, The Little Engine That Could.
Cullen Rogers
Cullen James Rogers (May 29, 1921 – November 1, 1997) was an American professional football halfback who played one season with the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League (NFL). He was selected by the Cleveland Rams in the 16th round of the 1943 NFL draft. He played college football and baseball at Texas A&M University.

1943 NFL draft
The 1943 NFL draft was held on April 8, 1943, at the Palmer House Hotel in Chicago, Illinois. With the first overall pick of the draft, the Detroit Lions selected halfback Frank Sinkwich. This draft is the first NFL draft not to produce a member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame.

Each of the league's ten teams selected a total of 30 players. As an equalizing measure the five worst finishing teams from the 1942 season allowed to pick alone in rounds 2 and 4 with the five top finishers relegated to sole participation in the 31st and 32nd rounds.
Jens Lindhard
Jens Lindhard (26 February 1922 – 15 October 1997) was a Danish physicist and professor at Aarhus University working on condensed matter physics, statistical physics and special relativity. He was the president of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters between 1981 and 1988.

He is known for the development of the Lindhard theory, that describes the behaviour of metals under the influence of electromagnetic fields, named in his honour. He is also known for the development of channelling theory, to describe the path of a charged particle in a crystalline solid.

Special relativity
In physics, the special theory of relativity, or special relativity for short, is a scientific theory of the relationship between space and time. In Albert Einstein's 1905 paper, 
"On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies", the theory is presented as being based on just two postulates:

The laws of physics are invariant (identical) in all inertial frames of reference (that is, frames of reference with no acceleration). This is known as the principle of relativity.

The speed of light in vacuum is the same for all observers, regardless of the motion of light source or observer. This is known as the principle of light constancy, or the principle of light speed invariance.

The first postulate was first formulated by Galileo Galilei (see Galilean invariance).
Monster Trucks (film)
Monster Trucks is a 2016 American monster comedy film produced by Nickelodeon Movies and Disruption Entertainment for Paramount Pictures. It was directed by Chris Wedge, in both his live-action directorial debut and first directorial effort outside of his own company Blue Sky Studios, and written by Derek Connolly, from a story by Matthew Robinson, Jonathan Aibel and Glenn Berger. The film stars Lucas Till, Jane Levy, Amy Ryan, Rob Lowe, Danny Glover, Barry Pepper, Thomas Lennon, and Holt McCallany, and follows Tripp Coley, a young junkyard employee who finds a subterranean creature living in his truck.

The film was first released on December 21, 2016, in France, then on January 13, 2017, in the United States. It received mixed reviews from critics and was considered by analysts to be a box-office bomb, grossing $64.5 million worldwide against a $125 million budget.

Barry Pepper
Barry Robert Pepper (born April 4, 1970) is a Canadian-American actor. His best-known film roles include Private Daniel Jackson in Saving Private Ryan (1998), Corrections Officer Dean Stanton in The Green Mile (1999), Roger Maris in 61* (2001), Joseph L. Galloway in We Were Soldiers (2002), Charlie Halliday in The Snow Walker (2003), Mike Norton in The Three Burials of Melquiades Estrada (2005), Sergeant Michael Strank in Flags of Our Fathers (2006), Lucky Ned Pepper in True Grit (2010), DEA Agent Cooper in Snitch (2013), Vince in Maze Runner: The Scorch Trials (2015) and Maze Runner: The Death Cure (2018), and David Keller in Crawl (2019).

Among other accolades, Pepper has been nominated for three Screen Actors Guild Awards, a Genie Award, an Independent Spirit Award, and a Golden Globe Award. For his role as Robert F. Kennedy in the miniseries The Kennedys (2011), Pepper won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Limited or Anthology Series or Movie.
V scale (model railroading)
V-scale, Vscale, or V scale (with V standing for virtual reality) is a scale of model railroading utilizing self-defining three-dimensional models and a compatible graphics engine to create an alternative modeled world. Though it has not been classified or recognized by either the NMRA or MOROP, the term Vscale has gradually taken on widescale de facto use in railfan and model railroading circles. V-scale model railroading was created when Japanese game developer Artdink released A-Train in 1985, but it was not widely popularized until Microsoft released Microsoft Train Simulator (sometimes referred to as MSTS) and Australia's Auran/N3V Games released the successful family of Trainz railroad simulators, both in 2001. With the ability to enter into the cab of a modeled train consist in a modeled landscape and track system, the 'play' modes of the two simulators gradually established a following among rail enthusiasts.

Trainz
Trainz is an ongoing series of 3D train simulator video games produced by the Australian studio N3V Games (formerly Auran), the first installment being released in October of 2001. Each installment of the series implements realistic or fictional simulated railway operations (Driver) alongside the ability to create custom maps (Surveyor) and contains a vast collection of real-life rolling stock for the user to drive in their maps.

One of the most revered aspects of Trainz is the ability to support user-created custom content (trains, scenery, maps), with over millions of assets to choose from, created by thousands of members of the Trainz community. The ability to support custom content was originally introduced in Trainz 1.1.1, but was not officially marketed until the release of Trainz Driver 2.
1982–83 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship
The 1982–83 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship was the 13th staging of the All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1970-71.

Nemo Rangers were the defending champions, however, they failed to qualify after being beaten by Duhallow in the 1982 Cork County Championship.

On 20 March 1983, Portlaoise won the championship following a 0–12 to 2–00 defeat of Clann na nGael in the All-Ireland final at MacDonagh Park. It remains their only championship title.

Clann na nGael GAA (Roscommon)
Clann na nGael is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in the southern end of County Roscommon, Ireland. The area comprises the two half parishes of Drum and Clonown, the parish being St Peter and Paul, Athlone. The club is the most successful in Roscommon in terms of titles won, with 21 Roscommon Senior Football titles, with the most recent in 2018.
2020 Macau Guia Race
The 2020 Macau Guia Race was the fifth edition of the Macau Guia Race under the TCR Regulations held at Guia Circuit in Macau on 19–22 November 2020. The race was contested with TCR touring cars and run in support of the 2020 edition of the Macau Grand Prix. The race also served as the final round of the 2020 TCR China Touring Car Championship.

Due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, this race was not held as planned, as part of the 2020 World Touring Car Cup, instead only serving as part of the local China championship.

TCR Touring Car
A TCR Touring Car is a touring car specification first introduced in 2014; it is now employed by a multitude of series worldwide. All TCR Touring Cars are front wheel drive cars based on 4- or 5-door production vehicles, and are powered by 1.75 to 2.0 litre turbocharged engines. While the bodyshell and suspension layout of the production vehicle is retained in a TCR car, and many models use a production gearbox, certain accommodations are made for the stresses of the racetrack including upgraded brakes and aerodynamics. Competition vehicles are subject to balance of performance (BoP) adjustments to ensure close racing between different vehicles.
Sohail Afridi
Muhammad Sohail Khan Afridi (born 1989) is a Pakistani politician from Khyber District who is the Chief Minister of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa since 15 October 2025. He has also been serving as a member of the Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa from constituency PK-70 Khyber-II since 29 February 2024.

Chief Minister of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
The chief minister of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is the head of government of the Pakistani province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The chief minister leads the legislative branch of the provincial government, and is elected by the Provincial Assembly. As long as she or he has the confidence of the assembly, a single term in office for the chief minister can be a maximum of five years. There is no limit on the number of terms.

The chief minister of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is elected by the Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to serve as the head of the provincial government in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Young Pioneers (film)
Young Pioneers is a 1976 American Western television film which aired in March 1976 on ABC. Elements of novels Let the Hurricane Roar and Free Land by Rose Wilder Lane (daughter of Laura Ingalls Wilder) were used as the basis for the movie, with Roger Kern and Linda Purl starring as the focal characters David and Molly Beaton.  Although produced as a TV series pilot by ABC Circle Films and ranked #7 in the Nielsen ratings for the week it aired, the movie was not immediately picked up by ABC as a series.  A second pilot attempt was made in December 1976 with Young Pioneers' Christmas, but ranked lower at #37 in the Nielsen ratings. In 1978 The Young Pioneers (miniseries) was broadcast.

Linda Purl
Linda Purl (born September 2, 1955) is an American actress. She is known for her roles as Ashley Pfister (Fonzie's girlfriend) on Happy Days (she originally played Gloria as Richie’s date in season 2 episodes 1, 2, 6 and 7), Sheila Munroe in the 1982 horror film Visiting Hours, Pam Beesly's mother Helene in The Office, and Ben Matlock's daughter Charlene Matlock for the first season of the television series Matlock.
Color transparency
Color transparency

is a phenomenon observed in high-energy particle physics, where hadrons (particles made of quarks such as a proton or mesons) created in a nucleus propagate through that nucleus with less interaction than expected. It suggests that hadrons are first created with a small size in the nucleus, and then grow to their nominal size. Here, color refers to the color charge, the property of quarks and gluons that determines how strongly they interact through the nuclear strong force.

Color transparency is also known as "color screening", "color coherence" or "color neutrality".

Gluon
A gluon (/ˈɡluːɒn/ GLOO-on) is a type of massless elementary particle that mediates the strong interaction between quarks, acting as the exchange particle for the interaction. Gluons are massless vector bosons, thereby having a spin of 1. Through the strong interaction, gluons bind quarks into groups according to quantum chromodynamics (QCD), forming hadrons such as protons and neutrons.

Gluons carry the color charge of the strong interaction, thereby participating in the strong interaction as well as mediating it. Because gluons carry the color charge, QCD is more difficult to analyze compared to quantum electrodynamics (QED) where the photon carries no electric charge.

The term was coined by Murray Gell-Mann in 1962 for being similar to an adhesive or glue that keeps the nucleus together. Together with the quarks, these particles were referred to as partons by Richard Feynman.
Organization of Revolutionary Unity
The Organization of Revolutionary Unity (Spanish: Organización de Unidad Revolucionaria, OUR or ODEUR) was a small left-wing political party in Bolivia.

The Organization of Revolutionary Unity was established in December 1977. It was led by Mario Lanza Suárez. Founded as a democratic and revolutionary political force with the object of promoting and co-operating in the Bolivian revolution "interrupted by various military governments for more than 20 years", it intended to be a national liberation movement based on peasants and workers, but without any international ties. The OUR advocated for industrial development, the rehabilitation of public and state enterprises and increased investment and production.

In 1978, 1979, and 1980 the OUR took part in an electoral coalition Democratic and Popular Union backing Hernán Siles Zuazo.

Democratic and Popular Unity
Democratic and Popular Unity (Spanish: Unidad Democrática y Popular) was a Bolivian umbrella political alliance. It existed from 1977 to 1984. It was formed in 1977 by former president Hernán Siles Zuazo and consisted chiefly of Siles' Movimiento Nationalista Revolutionario de Izquierda (Leftwing Revolutionary Nationalist Movement), a spin-off of the Moviminento Nacionalista Revolucionario (Revolutionary Nationalist Movement), and Jaime Paz Zamora's Movimiento de Izquierda Revolucionaria (Revolutionary Left Movement). The coalition emerged as a major political force and gained support with Bolivian voters in the late 1970s, due to public dissatisfaction with the military dictatorships that had ruled Bolivia since 1964.
Apocalypse Pompeii
Apocalypse Pompeii is a 2014 American disaster film produced by The Asylum and directed by Ben Demaree. The film stars Adrian Paul, Jhey Castles, John Rhys-Davies, Dylan Vox, Dan Cade. It was filmed in Sofia, Bulgaria, and Pompeii, Italy.

The film was released direct-to-DVD on 8 February 2014. In the tradition of The Asylum's catalog, Apocalypse Pompeii is a mockbuster of the Paul W. S. Anderson film Pompeii.

Pompeii (film)
Pompeii is a 2014 romantic historical disaster film produced and directed by Paul W. S. Anderson. An international co-production between the United States, Germany and Canada, it is a fictional tale inspired by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD that destroyed Pompeii, a city of the Roman Empire. The film stars Kit Harington, Carrie-Anne Moss, Emily Browning, Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje, Jessica Lucas, Jared Harris and Kiefer Sutherland.

Pompeii premiered in France, Belgium, and Russia on February 19, 2014, and was released over the course of the next day in Argentina, Greece, Hungary, Italy and later in the United States and Canada on February 21, 2014. This is FilmDistrict's last film before it merged with Focus Features. The film received mixed reviews grossed $117.8 million against a budget of $80-100 million.
Transit Windsor
Transit Windsor provides public transportation in the city of Windsor, Ontario, Canada as well as LaSalle, Essex, Kingsville, Amherstburg and Leamington and serves more than 6 million passengers each year (6.72 million in 2017), covering an area of 310 km2 (120 sq mi) and a population of 235,000. The Windsor International Transit Terminal neighbours with the Windsor International Aquatic and Training Centre.

The predecessor of Transit Windsor was the Sandwich, Windsor and Amherstburg Railway (SW&A) which operated streetcars and interurbans until 1939, when it fully converted to bus operation. The company was renamed to Transit Windsor in 1977.

Until 2025, the agency also operated an international route serving Detroit in the United States via the Detroit–Windsor Tunnel.

Essex, Ontario
Essex is a town with a population of 21,216 in Essex County in southwestern Ontario, Canada, whose municipal borders extend to Lake Erie. Essex is also the name of the largest community within the municipality.