hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Giuseppe Mariani (doctor)
Giuseppe Mariani (25 February 1885 – 28 December 1963) was an Italian dermatologist and medical researcher. During World War I he received the Silver Medal of Military Valor while attempting to rescue injured soldiers. After the war he returned to his work on dermatology and eventually moved to the University of Genoa where he chaired the department of dermatological studies and ran its clinic. He used the city's San Martino Hospital's leprosarium to hide Jews from deportation to Germany during the Holocaust. He retired from the university in 1955, but continued to publish research during his retirement.

Italian Jews
Italian Jews (Italian: ebrei italiani; Hebrew: יהודים איטלקים‎) or Roman Jews (Italian: ebrei romani; Hebrew: יהודים רומים‎) can be used in a broad sense to mean all Jews living in or with roots in Italy, or, in a narrower sense, to mean the Italkim, an ancient community living in Italy since the Ancient Roman era, who use the Italian liturgy (or "Italian Rite") as distinct from those Jewish communities in Italy dating from medieval or modern times who use the Sephardic liturgy or the Nusach Ashkenaz.
Phil Gernhard
Phillip Arnold Gernhard (February 5, 1940 – February 22, 2008) was an American record producer, record label executive, and songwriter.  He is best known for his successful collaborations in the 1960s and 1970s with Maurice Williams and the Zodiacs, The Royal Guardsmen, Dion, Lobo, Jim Stafford, and the Bellamy Brothers.

The Royal Guardsmen
The Royal Guardsmen are an American rock band best known for their 1966 hit singles "Snoopy vs. the Red Baron", "The Return of the Red Baron", "Snoopy for President", and the Christmas follow-up "Snoopy's Christmas".
Casino Queen Marquette
Casino Queen Marquette is a 17,514 square feet (1,627.1 m2) riverboat casino located in Marquette, Iowa (across the Mississippi River from Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin) that is owned and operated by Bally's Corporation. The riverboat, named Miss Marquette, is located by a 31-acre (13 ha) site that also contains an enclosed pavilion, providing dining on the first floor and an entertainment showroom/banquet area on the second floor.

Currently offering 566 slot machines featuring a variety of games and 8 tables games.

Marquette, Iowa
Marquette is a city in Clayton County, Iowa, United States. The population was 429 at the time of the 2020 census, up from 421 in 2000. The city, which is located on the Mississippi River, is named after Jesuit missionary Jacques Marquette, who along with Louis Joliet discovered the Mississippi River just southeast of the city on June 17, 1673.
Ahmet Kaşif
Ahmet Kaşif (born 1950) is a Turkish Cypriot politician.  He is a member of the Assembly of the Republic from Gazimağusa, and he is a member of the National Unity Party. He has been a member of the Assembly since 1990. He ran for the presidency of his party against İrsen Küçük in 2012. He served as the Minister of Health between 2009 and 2012, until when he was removed from his position by the prime minister Küçük.

He was born in the village of Nergizli in 1950 and studied medicine at the Istanbul University.

İrsen Küçük
İrsen Küçük (1940 – 10 March 2019) was a Turkish Cypriot politician who was Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus from 2010 to 2013. He was the nephew of the Republic of Cyprus's first vice-president, Fazıl Küçük.
William H. Stevenson
William Henry Stevenson (September 23, 1891 – March 19, 1978) was an American lawyer and Republican politician from La Crosse County, Wisconsin.  He served four terms in the U.S. House of Representatives, representing Wisconsin's 3rd congressional district from 1941 to 1949.  Earlier in his career, he served as district attorney of La Crosse County (1935–1941) and Richland County, Wisconsin (1925–1927).

Richland County, Wisconsin
Richland County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 17,304. Its county seat is Richland Center. The county was created from the Wisconsin Territory in 1842 and organized in 1850. It is named for the high quality of its soil.
Lisa Raitt
Lisa Sarah MacCormack Raitt PC (born May 7, 1968) is a former Canadian politician who served as a federal Cabinet minister and member of Parliament (MP) from 2008 to 2019. A member of the Conservative Party, Raitt was elected to the House of Commons in the 2008 election, representing Halton. Shortly after her election, Prime Minister Stephen Harper named her minister of natural resources, holding the role until 2010, when she became minister of labour. In 2013, she became minister of transport, remaining in the role until the Conservatives were defeated by the Liberal Party in the 2015 election. Raitt was re-elected in the newly formed riding of Milton. She contested the Conservative leadership in 2017, losing to Andrew Scheer, who made her deputy party leader and deputy opposition leader, a role she would hold until she was defeated in the 2019 election. Since leaving politics, she has been the vice chair of Global Investment Banking at the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce (CIBC).

Minister of Transport (Canada)
The minister of transport (French: ministre des transports) is a minister of the Crown in the Canadian Cabinet. The minister is responsible for overseeing the federal government's transportation regulatory and development department, Transport Canada, the Saint Lawrence Seaway, Nav Canada, and the Port Authority system. Since September 16, 2025, the position has been held by Steven MacKinnon of the Liberal Party.
Myrna Pérez
Myrna Pérez (born 1974) is an American lawyer serving as a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. She was previously the director of voting rights at the Brennan Center for Justice.

Brennan Center for Justice
The Brennan Center for Justice is an American liberal nonprofit law and public policy institute. The organization is named after Supreme Court justice William J. Brennan Jr. The Brennan Center advocates for public policy positions including raising the minimum wage, opposing voter ID laws, and calling for public funding of elections. Its operations are centered at the New York University School of Law. The organization opposed the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling in Citizens United v. FEC, which held that the First Amendment prohibits the government from restricting independent political expenditures by nonprofit organizations.

The stated mission of the Brennan Center is to "work to hold our political institutions and laws accountable to the twin American ideals of democracy and equal justice for all". Its president is Michael Waldman, former speechwriter for President Bill Clinton.
National Swedish Board of Economic Defence
National Swedish Board of Economic Defence (Swedish: Överstyrelsen för ekonomiskt försvar, ÖEF) was a central Swedish government agency for the supply issues during war-time. The board was established in 1962 and replaced the National Swedish Commission of Economic Defence (Rikskommissionen för ekonomisk försvarsberedskap), a government agency established in 1928. An example of the board's operations was when it used state aid to guarantee the operations of the Swedish rayon factory in Vålberg. Svenska Rayon made viscose which is an important ingredient in, among other things, clothes. In 1986, the board was dissolved and the tasks were taken over by the National Swedish Board of Civilian Preparedness (Överstyrelsen för civil beredskap).

Rayon
Rayon, also called viscose, is a semi-synthetic fiber made from natural sources of regenerated cellulose, such as wood and related agricultural products. It has the same molecular structure as cellulose. Many types and grades of rayon fibers and films exist. Some imitate the feel and texture of natural fibers such as silk, wool, cotton, and linen.  It can be woven or knitted to make textiles for clothing and other purposes.
Rayon production involves solubilizing cellulose fibers. Three common methods are as follows:

The cuprammonium process (obsolete), using ammoniacal solutions of copper salts

The viscose process (most common) using alkali and carbon disulfide

The Lyocell process, using amine oxide, avoids neurotoxic carbon disulfide but is more expensive
Qipan railway station
Qipan Railway Station is a railway station of the Jilin–Shulan Railway and Jiuzhan-Jiangmifeng Railway. The station is located in the Longtan District of Jilin, Jilin province, China. It is situated 19 kilometers away from Jilin Station and 71 kilometers away from Huantouqinshulan Station.

Qipan Railway Station falls under the jurisdiction of the Jilin Train Department of China Railway Shenyang Bureau Group Co. Ltd. (formerly known as Shenyang Railway Bureau).

Jilin–Shulan railway
The Jilin–Shulan railway, named the Jishu Railway (simplified Chinese: 吉舒铁路; traditional Chinese: 吉舒鐵路; pinyin: Jíshū Tiělù), is a 90 km (56 mi) single-track railway line in Northeast China running from Jilin to Shulan. At Jilin, which is the terminus of the Shenji Railway, it connects to the Changtu Railway and the Changhun Intercity Railway, and at Shulan it connects to the Labin Railway and the Taoshu Railway.
Lady Bowthorpe
Lady Bowthorpe (foaled 22 April 2016) is a retired British Thoroughbred racehorse. She showed modest ability in her early career, finishing fourth on her only start as a juvenile and winning one minor race as a three-year-old in the following year. She improved in 2020, winning two races including the Group 3 Valiant Stakes. Lady Bowthorpe was even better as a five-year-old when she won the Dahlia Stakes and finished second in the Lockinge Stakes before recording a Group 1 win in the Nassau Stakes. She was retired at the end of the season and had her first foal in January 2023.

Nassau Stakes
The Nassau Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to fillies and mares aged three years or older. It is run at Goodwood over a distance of 1 mile, 1 furlong and 197 yards (1,991 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in late July or early August.
Jean Appleton
Jean Appleton (13 September 1911 – 11 June 2003) was an Australian painter, art teacher and printmaker. She worked with oils, watercolour, charcoal, pastel, pencil and India ink. The second of three children and an only daughter, Appleton did a five-year diploma course in drawing and illustration at the East Sydney Technical College (now the National Art School).

She later moved to England and enrolled at the Westminster School of Art where she produced Australia's two earliest cubist paintings. After the Second World War broke out, Appleton returned to Australia in 1940, to teach art at three public schools to allow for the continuation of her work and assisted in the war effort by studying vocational therapy. Her work received a large amount of recognition from the art industry, and she earned four prizes.

National Art School
The National Art School (NAS) is a tertiary level art school, located in Darlinghurst, an inner-city suburb of  Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The school is an independent accredited higher education provider offering specialised study in studio arts practice across various disciplines.

With its origins in the formation of Sydney Mechanics’ School of Arts in 1843, NAS has been in operation on the historic Darlinghurst Gaol site in East Sydney in various forms since 1922 and was formerly part of East Sydney Technical College, known as East Sydney Tech. Today NAS is a centre for education, research, scholarship and professional practice in the visual arts and related fields.
Meet the Missus (1937 film)
Meet the Missus is a 1937 American domestic comedy film directed by Joseph Santley, using a screenplay by Jack Townley, Bert Granet, and Joel Sayre, based on an original story by Jack Goodman and Albert Rice. The movie was produced and distributed by RKO Radio Pictures, and was initially released on June 4, 1937. The film stars Victor Moore and Helen Broderick (in the fifth of their six 1936–38 films) as well as Anne Shirley.

Victor Moore
Victor Fred Moore (February 24, 1876 – July 23, 1962) was an American actor of stage and screen, a major Broadway star from the late 1920s through the 1930s. He was also a writer and director, but is best remembered today as a comedian, playing timid, mild-mannered roles. Today's audiences know him as the star of a Christmas-themed movie that has become a perennial: It Happened on 5th Avenue (1947). Moore plays a vagrant who occupies a millionaire's mansion—without the millionaire's knowledge—while the owner is vacationing.
Merry Christmas Aubrey Flint
Merry Christmas Aubrey Flint is an upcoming British christmas comedy film directed by Jack Spring, and featuring an ensemble cast including John Bradley, Celia Imrie, Richard E. Grant, Adjoa Andoh, Sophia Di Martino, Adrian Rawlins, Karl Pilkington, and Kiell Smith-Bynoe.

Karl Pilkington
Karl Pilkington (born 23 September 1972) is an English presenter, actor and author. After working with Ricky Gervais and Stephen Merchant as producer on their Xfm radio show, Pilkington became a co-host of The Ricky Gervais Show due to unique and unorthodox opinions and views he often expressed, and Gervais's and Merchant's fascination with them.

He presented the Sky travel comedy series An Idiot Abroad and its followup The Moaning of Life. He made his acting debut in Gervais's comedy-drama series Derek. He also co-created, co-wrote, and starred in the comedy series Sick of It, commissioned and broadcast by Sky One.
Lamastre
Lamastre (French pronunciation: [lamastʁ]; Occitan: La Mastra) is a commune in the Ardèche department in southern France. It lies on the river Doux. The Chemin de fer du Vivarais, a metre-gauge tourist railway, connects Lamastre with Tournon-sur-Rhône.

Tournon-sur-Rhône
Tournon-sur-Rhône (French: [tuʁnɔ̃ syʁ ʁon]; Occitan: Tornon, before 1988: Tournon) is a commune in the Ardèche department of southern France. It is one of the most populous communes in the Ardèche department, after Annonay, Aubenas, and Guilherand-Granges.
Pigment Red 178
Pigment Red 178 is an organic compound that is used as a pigment. Structurally, it is a derivative of perylene, although it is produced from perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride by derivatization with 4-aminoazobenzene.

Perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride
Perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) is an organic dye molecule and an organic semiconductor. It is used as a precursor to a class of molecules known as Rylene dyes, which are useful as pigments and dyes. It is a dark red solid with low solubility in aromatic solvents.  The compound has attracted much interest as an organic semiconductor.
Dudley Snell
Frederick Dudley Snell (14 December 1924 – 14 December 1988) was an Australian electrical engineer and tramways administrator. He grew up in Bendigo and following his education worked for the State Electricity Commission of Victoria. After serving in the Royal Australian Air Force during World War II, he commenced work at the Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board (MMTB) in 1953, being appointed the MMTB's fifth and last Chairman in 1976. Following the dissolving of the MMTB into the Metropolitan Transit Authority (MTA) in 1983, he became General Manager of the MTA Bus and Tram Division. Snell worked for the MMTB, MTA, and Leighton Asia on Hong Kong's Tuen Mun light rail system, and died in Hong Kong in 1988.

Leighton Asia
Leighton Asia Limited is an Asia-Pacific construction contractor, a part of the CIMIC Group, an Australian project development and contracting group. Leighton Asia is currently headquartered in Hong Kong, and has been operating in the continent for more than 45 years. Based in Hong Kong, the company also operates in Macau, Singapore, India, Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand and Malaysia.

The company's business include building and civil infrastructure construction, Mechanical and electrical works, as well as oil and gas engineering.
Goodnight, Ladies and Gentlemen
Goodnight, Ladies and Gentlemen (Italian: Signore e signori, buonanotte, French: Mesdames et messieurs bonsoir) is a 1976 French-Italian satirical comedy anthology film. It comprises twelve episodes on themes of corruption in various Italian institutions, each by a different writer and director collectively credited as "Cooperativa 15 Maggio". The episodes are a satire of a typical programming day of an Italian public broadcaster, with a fictional TG3 journalist (Marcello Mastroianni) interviewing a number of the other characters. The film stars Vittorio Gassman, Ugo Tognazzi, Nino Manfredi, Paolo Villaggio, Marcello Mastroianni, Senta Berger, Adolfo Celi, and Felice Andreasi.

Paolo Villaggio
Paolo Villaggio (Italian: [ˈpaːolo vilˈladdʒo]; 30 December 1932 – 3 July 2017) was an Italian actor, comedian, film director, and writer. He is noted for the characters he created with paradoxical and grotesque characteristics: Professor Kranz, the ultra-timid Giandomenico Fracchia, and the obsequious and meek accountant Ugo Fantozzi, perhaps the favourite character in Italian comedy. He wrote several books, usually of satirical character. He also acted in dramatic roles, and appeared in several movies.
Great ape personhood
Great ape personhood is a movement to extend personhood and some legal protections to the non-human members of the great ape family: bonobos, chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans.

Advocates include primatologists Jane Goodall and Dawn Prince-Hughes, evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins, philosophers Paola Cavalieri and Peter Singer, and legal scholar Steven Wise.

Dawn Prince-Hughes
Dawn Prince-Hughes (born 1964) is an American anthropologist, primatologist, and ethologist. She is the author of several books, including Gorillas Among Us: A Primate Ethnographer's Book of Days and her memoir Songs of the Gorilla Nation: My Journey Through Autism, and she is the editor of the essay collection Aquamarine Blue 5: Personal Stories of College Students with Autism.
Jackie Husband
John Husband (28 May 1918 – 29 April 1992) was a Scottish professional football player and manager. Husband spent the majority of his club career at Partick Thistle, where he made almost 400 appearances in all competitions, and was also capped twice by Scotland. Husband also spent a short time as manager of Queen of the South.

Queen of the South F.C.
Queen of the South Football Club is a Scottish professional football club formed in 1919 in Dumfries. The club plays in Scottish League One, the third tier of Scottish football. Like residents of Dumfries, they are traditionally nicknamed the Doonhamers; but are more usually referred to as Queens and abbreviated to QOS or QOTS. Their home ground is Palmerston Park.

The club won the Division B Championship in 1950–51, the Second Division Championship in 2001–02 and 2012–13, and the Scottish Challenge Cup in 2002–03 and 2012–13. Queens led Scotland's top division until New Year in the 1953–54 season: their highest finish in Scotland's top division was fourth in 1933–34. The club reached their first major cup final in 2008 when they reached the final of the Scottish Cup, where they were runners-up to Rangers. The club's current manager is Peter Murphy.
Trustly
Trustly AB (publ), known as Trustly, is a Swedish fintech company founded in 2008 that specializes in open banking payment solutions. Trustly enables customers to conduct transactions directly from their bank accounts, offering an alternative to traditional card-based payment systems. The company claims its network supports 12,000 banks and connects with 650 million consumers globally.

Trustly serves a variety of industries and is used by over 9,000 companies globally, including notable clients such as PayPal, DraftKings, and eBay. In 2020, Trustly expanded operations to Australia and Canada, complementing its presence in Europe and the United States.

In 2023, Trustly reported revenues of $265 million, a 14% increase from 2022, and processed $58 billion in transactions, reflecting the broader growth of open banking solutions.

PayPal
PayPal Holdings, Inc. is an American multinational financial technology company that operates an online payments system in the majority of countries that support online money transfers; it serves as an electronic alternative to traditional paper methods such as checks and money orders. The company operates as a payment processor for online vendors, auction sites and many other commercial and company users.

Established in 1998 as Confinity, PayPal went public through an IPO in 2002. It became a wholly owned subsidiary of eBay later that year, valued at $1.5 billion. In 2015, eBay spun off PayPal to its shareholders, and PayPal became an independent company again. The company was ranked 143rd on the 2022 Fortune 500 of the largest United States corporations by revenue. Since 2023, PayPal is a member of the MACH Alliance.
2007 Special Honours (New Zealand)
The 2007 Special Honours in New Zealand were two Special Honours Lists: the first was published on 6 February 2007, in which four appointments of additional members were made to the Order of New Zealand to celebrate the 20th anniversary of the establishment of the Order; and the second was dated 21 May 2007, and recognised the incumbent governor-general, Anand Satyanand. The appointments were made by Elizabeth II in her right as Queen of New Zealand, on the advice of the New Zealand government.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.

Anand Satyanand
Sir Anand Satyanand GNZM QSO KStJ (born 22 July 1944) is a New Zealand lawyer, judge, and ombudsman who served as the 19th Governor-General of New Zealand from 2006 to 2011.

Satyanand was the Chair of the Commonwealth Foundation for two 2-year terms, ending in December 2016. He then chaired the Commonwealth Group which observed the national elections in Papua New Guinea in 2017. In 2018, the New Zealand Government appointed him to lead the Royal Commission of Inquiry into Historical Abuse in State care and in the care of Faith-based Institutions. In November 2019, at the conclusion of its build-up phase, he stepped down as Chair of the Commission. He served as Chancellor of the University of Waikato from August 2019 until July 2025.
Raginpert
Raginpert (also Raghinpert or Reginbert) was the Duke of Turin and then King of the Lombards briefly in 701.  He was the son of Godepert and grandson of Aripert I.  He usurped the throne in 701 and removed Liutpert, his grandnephew, putting his son Aripert in line for the succession.  He and his Neustrians (men of Piedmont) went out to meet the regent, Ansprand, in battle and defeated him at Novara, but died shortly after.  His son Aripert did not succeed in taking the throne right away.

Aripert I
Aripert I (also spelled Aribert) was king of the Lombards (653–661) in Italy.  He was the son of Gundoald, Duke of Asti, who had crossed the Alps from Bavaria with his sister Theodelinda.  As a relative of the Bavarian ducal house, his was called the Bavarian Dynasty.

He was the first Chalcedonian Christian king of the Lombards, elected after the assassination of the Arian Rodoald. Not a warrior, he is mostly renowned for his church foundings. He spread Catholicism over the whole Lombard realm and built the Church of the Saviour in Pavia, the capital. He left the kingdom in a state of peace, asking the nobles to elect jointly his two sons, Perctarit and Godepert, which they did.