hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tak Wah Mak
Tak Wah Mak, OC OOnt FRS FRSC (simplified Chinese: 麦德华; traditional Chinese: 麥德華; pinyin: Mài Déhuá; born October 4, 1946, in China) is a Canadian medical researcher, geneticist, oncologist, and biochemist. He first became widely known for his discovery of the T-cell receptor in 1983 and pioneering work in the genetics of immunology. In 1995, Mak published a landmark paper on the discovery of the function of the immune checkpoint protein CTLA-4, thus opening the path for immunotherapy/checkpoint inhibitors as a means of cancer treatment. Mak is also the founder of Agios Pharmaceuticals, whose lead compound, IDHIFA®, was approved by the FDA for acute myeloid leukemia in August 2017, becoming the first drug specifically targeting cancer metabolism to be used for cancer treatment. He has worked in a variety of areas including biochemistry, immunology, and cancer genetics.

Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada
Fellowship of the Royal Society of Canada (FRSC) is an award granted to individuals that the Royal Society of Canada judges to have "made remarkable contributions in the arts, the humanities and the sciences, as well as in Canadian public life". As of 2020, there are more than 2,000 living Canadian fellows, including scholars, artists, and scientists such as Margaret Atwood, Philip J. Currie, David Suzuki, Brenda Milner, and Demetri Terzopoulos. There are four types of fellowship:

Honorary fellows (a title of honour)

Regularly elected fellows

Specially elected fellows

Foreign fellows (neither residents nor citizens of Canada)
Vrouwenakker
Vrouwenakker is a village in the Netherlands, about 12 km southeast of Hoofddorp. It lies largely in the municipality of Nieuwkoop (formerly Liemeer), in the province of South Holland, but a small part lies in the municipality of Uithoorn, in North Holland. Until 1989 Vrouwenakker was part of the municipality of Mijdrecht, but was then rearranged into the municipality of Liemeer after the amalgamation of Mijdrecht and surrounding municipalities.

The statistical area "Vrouwenakker", which contains the part of the village in South Holland and the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 310.

Nieuwkoop
Nieuwkoop (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈniukoːp] ⓘ) is a town and municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. The municipality was enlarged on 1 January 2007, through the amalgamation of Liemeer and Ter Aar. The municipality now covers an area of 91.16 km2 (35.20 sq mi) of which 13.11 km2 (5.06 sq mi) is water. Its population was 29,151 in 2021.

On May 3, 2008, the Dutch newspaper Algemeen Dagblad published an article which stated that Nieuwkoop is the safest municipality of the Netherlands.

The municipality of Nieuwkoop includes the following communities:
St Vigeans Sculptured Stones Museum
St Vigeans Sculptured Stones Museum, located in the Angus village of St Vigeans, houses an outstanding collection of Pictish carved stones. St Vigeans, close to Arbroath, was the centre of a royal estate in the Early Middle Ages, and was of religious importance as a monastery founded in the 8th century. The present-day St Vigeans Church was built in the 12th century, on a 40-foot (12 m) mound.

The museum displays 38 carved stones which formerly stood upon the old church mound. Among the stones on display is the 9th-century Drosten Stone, a flat rectangular slab with a cross carved on one side and Pictish symbols on the other, and also bearing a Pictish inscription in Latin script. The museum is managed by Historic Scotland and is housed in two adjoining sandstone cottages close to the church. The 19th-century cottages are a category B listed building.

Arbroath
Arbroath (/ɑːrˈbroʊθ/) or Aberbrothock (Scottish Gaelic: Obar Bhrothaig [ˈopəɾ ˈvɾo.ɪkʲ]) is a former royal burgh and the largest town in the council area of Angus, Scotland, with a population of 23,902. It lies on the North Sea coast, some 16 miles (26 km) east-northeast of Dundee and 45 miles (72 km) south-southwest of Aberdeen.

There is evidence of Iron Age settlement, but its history as a town began with the founding of Arbroath Abbey in 1178. It grew much during the Industrial Revolution through the flax and then the jute industry and the engineering sector. A new harbour was created in 1839; by the 20th century, Arbroath was one of Scotland's larger fishing ports.

The town is notable for the Declaration of Arbroath and the Arbroath smokie. Arbroath Football Club holds the world record for the number of goals scored in a professional football match: 36–0 against Bon Accord of Aberdeen in the Scottish Cup in 1885.
2016 United Kingdom elections
United Kingdom elections, 2016 refers to several elections that took place in the United Kingdom on Thursday 5 May 2016, at subnational and local level. Elections on that day are:

Local elections in England

Scottish Parliament election

Welsh Assembly election

Northern Ireland Assembly election

London Assembly election

Bristol mayoral election

London mayoral election

Liverpool mayoral election

Salford mayoral election

Police and crime commissioner elections in England and Wales

Ogmore by-election

Sheffield Brightside and Hillsborough by-election

2016 United Kingdom local elections
The 2016 United Kingdom local elections held on Thursday 5 May 2016 were a series of local elections which were held in 124 local councils and also saw 4 mayoral elections in England which also coincided with elections to the Scottish Parliament, the Welsh Assembly, the Northern Ireland Assembly, the London Assembly, the London mayoral election and the England and Wales Police and crime commissioners. By-elections for the Westminster seats of Ogmore and Sheffield Brightside and Hillsborough were also held. These proved to be David Cameron's last local elections as leader of the Conservative Party and Prime Minister as he resigned two months later following the defeat of Remain in the referendum on Britain's continuing membership of the European Union which was held seven weeks later.
Darkhawk
Darkhawk (Christopher Powell) is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character first appeared in Darkhawk #1 (March 1991), and was created by writer Tom DeFalco and artist Mike Manley. The character appeared in a series of self-titled comics from 1991-1995, then recurred in several limited-run series and multi-title events in the years since. The character's origin is based on a link between a human character and an android from another dimension known as Null Space. The character has also appeared in non-speaking roles on television and video games.

Features of the Marvel Universe
The comic book stories published by Marvel Comics since the 1940s have featured several noteworthy concepts besides its fictional characters, such as unique places and artifacts. There follows a list of those features.
Singapore Association for the Deaf
The Singapore Association for the Deaf (SADeaf) is a charitable organisation for the deaf and hard-of-hearing in Singapore founded in 1955. SADeaf is a member of the National Council of Social Service and the World Federation of the Deaf. SADeaf is also supported by the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Social and Family Development.

Ministry of Education (Singapore)
The Ministry of Education (MOE; Malay: Kementerian Pendidikan; Chinese: 教育部; Tamil: கல்வி அமைச்சு) is a ministry of the Government of Singapore responsible for the formulation and implementation of policies related to the education in Singapore.
Pugo, La Union
Pugo ([pʊˈgoʔ]), officially the Municipality of Pugo (Ilocano: Ili ti Pugo; Pangasinan: Baley na Pugo; Filipino: Bayan ng Pugo), is a landlocked municipality in the province of La Union, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 19,107 people.

Mount Santo Tomas
Mount Santo Tomas is a potentially active stratovolcano in the Philippines located in the municipality of Tuba in the province of Benguet. The mountain is part of the protected Santo Tomas Forest Reserve declared through Proclamation No. 581 signed by President Manuel L. Quezon on July 9, 1940.

On May 5, 2015, a Permanent Environmental Protection Order was issued by the Court of Appeals with the Writ of Kalikasan and Writ of Continuing Mandamus.

Due to its high elevation, several communications and broadcasting companies constructed relay stations at the summit.
2015–16 ISU Speed Skating World Cup – World Cup 4 – Men's team pursuit
The men's team pursuit race of the 2015–16 ISU Speed Skating World Cup 4, arranged in the Thialf arena in Heerenveen, Netherlands, was held on 11 December 2015.

The Dutch team won the race, with the Norwegian team in second place, and the Russian team in third.

2015–16 ISU Speed Skating World Cup – World Cup 4
The fourth competition weekend of the 2015–16 ISU Speed Skating World Cup was held in the Thialf arena in Heerenveen, Netherlands, from Friday, 11 December, until Sunday, 13 December 2015.

There were no world records over the weekend. Multiple winners were Pavel Kulizhnikov of Russia, who won one of the men's 500 m races and the 1000 m race, and Sven Kramer of the Netherlands, who won the men's 5000 m race and the team pursuit.
Belgica Glacier
Belgica Glacier (65°23′S 63°50′W﻿ / ﻿65.383°S 63.833°W﻿ / -65.383; -63.833) is a glacier 8 nautical miles (15 km) long, flowing into Trooz Glacier to the east of Lancaster Hill on Kyiv Peninsula, on the west coast of Graham Land. It was first charted by the British Graham Land Expedition under John Rymill, 1934–37, and named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1959 after the RV Belgica, the ship of the Belgian Antarctic Expedition under Gerlache which explored this area in 1897–99.

Trooz Glacier
Trooz Glacier (65°20′S 63°58′W﻿ / ﻿65.333°S 63.967°W﻿ / -65.333; -63.967) is an Antarctic glacier. Situated on the Kyiv Peninsula in Graham Land, 1.5 nautical miles (2.8 km) wide at its mouth and some 15 nautical miles (28 km) long, it flows west into the north part of Collins Bay. It was Discovered by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1908–10 and Named for J. de Trooz, Belgian Minister of the Interior and Public Instruction, who was instrumental in procuring funds for the publication of the scientific results of the Belgian Antarctic Expedition, 1897–99. This application was suggested by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) because of duplication of the name Trooz for what is now known as Cape Perez.
Beauceron
The Beauceron (French pronunciation: [bosʁɔ̃] ⓘ) is a herding dog breed originating from the plains of Central France. The Beauceron is also known as Berger de Beauce (French pronunciation: [bɛʁʒe də bos], sheepdog from Beauce) or Bas Rouge (French pronunciation: [ba ʁuʒ], red-stockings).

Herding dog
A herding dog, also known as a stock dog or working dog, is a type of dog that either has been trained in herding livestock or belongs to one of the breeds that were developed for herding. A dog specifically trained to herd sheep is known as a sheep dog or shepherd dog, and one trained to herd cattle is known as a cattle dog or cow dog.
Sale United FC
Sale United FC is a soccer club based in Sale, Victoria, Australia. The club was originally founded in 1924, before being re-founded in 1954 and again in 1974 and currently competes in Latrobe Valley Soccer League.

Sale's victory in the 1980 LVSL remains their only Men's league championship to date, although they did win the 2013 Grand Final 3–0 against Monash SC. Sale's women's team has proven itself as a growing force, winning three consecutive LVSL women's titles in 2023, 2024 and 2025 and four consecutive Browne-Huizer Cups from 2022 to 2025.

The club is known for being the youth club of former National Soccer League and Major Soccer League player Marcus Stergiopoulos.

RAAF Base East Sale
RAAF Base East Sale (ICAO: YMES) is a Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) military air base and training school, located in Sale, Victoria, Australia. The base is one of the main training establishments of the RAAF, and is where Australian Air Force Cadets from 4 Wing (Victoria) have their biannual General Service Training.

It is the home of the RAAF's Officers' Training School (OTS) following its relocation from RAAF Base Point Cook, the Air Mission Training School (AMTS), and the School of Air Traffic Control. East Sale was upgraded to house the new OTS, which had its first intake of students in January 2008. The base houses approximately 700 air force personnel. As well as being home to No. 409 Squadron Australian Air Force Cadets, it is home to the Roulettes aerobatic display team.
112th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)
The 112th Division (第112師団, Dai-hyakujūni Shidan) was an infantry division of the Imperial Japanese Army. Its call sign was the Public Division (公兵団, Kimi Heidan). It was formed 12 July 1944 in Hunchun as a triangular division. The nucleus for the formation was the remnants of the 28th Division been transferred to Miyako-jima. The division was initially assigned to the Third army.

Third Army (Japan)
The Japanese 3rd Army (第3軍, Dai-san gun) was an army of the Imperial Japanese Army based in Manchukuo as a garrison force under the overall command of the Kwantung Army during World War II, but its history dates to the Russo-Japanese War.
2009 King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes
The 2009 King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes was a horse race held at Ascot Racecourse on Saturday 25 July 2009. It was the 59th King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes.

The winner was the Ballymacoll Stud's Conduit, a four-year-old chestnut colt trained at Newmarket, Suffolk by Michael Stoute and ridden by Ryan Moore. Conduit's victory was the first for his jockey and the fourth for Stoute after Shergar (1981), Opera House (1993) and Golan (2002). He was the first King George winner to officially race for Ballymacoll Stud although Troy, Ela-Mana-Mou and Golan had won in the same colours.

King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes
The King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to horses aged three years or older. It is run at Ascot over a distance of 1 mile 3 furlongs and 211 yards (2,406 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in July.

It is Britain's most prestigious open-age flat race, and its roll of honour features some of the most highly acclaimed horses of the sport's recent history. The 1975 running, which involved a hard-fought battle to the finish between Grundy and Bustino, is frequently described as the "race of the century". Many of its winners subsequently compete in the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe, and a number go on to have a successful career at stud. The race is often informally referred to as the "King George".
Franca Squarciapino
Franca Squarciapino (born 1940) is an Italian costume designer recognized for her exceptional work in theatre and film. She won the Academy Award for Best Costume Design in 1990 for her work on Cyrano de Bergerac. Throughout her career, she has designed costumes for major theatres and opera houses, including the Burgtheater in Vienna, the Royal Opera at Covent Garden, the Metropolitan Opera, the Vienna State Opera, and the Zurich Opera, among others.

Squarciapino frequently collaborated with Ezio Frigerio (1930–2022), who was also her life partner.

Academy Award for Best Costume Design
The Academy Award for Best Costume Design is one of the Academy Awards presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) for achievement in film costume design.

The award was first given in 1949, for films made in 1948. Initially, separate award categories were established for black-and-white films and color films. Since the merger of the two categories in 1967, the Academy has traditionally avoided giving out the award to films with a contemporary setting.
2017 Big Ten men's ice hockey tournament
The 2017 Big Ten Conference Men's Ice Hockey Tournament was the fourth tournament in conference history. It was played between March 16 and March 18, 2017, at Joe Louis Arena in Detroit, Michigan. As tournament champion Penn State was awarded the Big Ten's automatic bid into the 2017 NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament.

Big Ten men's ice hockey tournament
The Big Ten Men's Ice Hockey Tournament is the conference tournament for the Big Ten Conference. The winner of the tournament receives an automatic berth into the NCAA Tournament.

The tournament was first held in 2014, the first year of conference play; the first four tournaments alternated between Xcel Energy Center in Saint Paul, Minnesota and Joe Louis Arena in Detroit, Michigan. Due to the addition of Notre Dame to conference play, a new playoff format was introduced for the 2018 tournament, utilizing campus sites instead.
Free Souffriau
Free Souffriau (born 8 February 1980) is a Flemish musical actress and singer. Free is a Dutch spelling of Fré (a contracted form of Fréderique) and is hence pronounced 'fray' in contrast to the usual pronunciation of 'free' in English.

After graduating from ballet school in Antwerp in 1998, she went on to perform in a variety of musicals. She is best known for her portrayal of Mega Mindy, the superhero of the eponymous television series (2006–present).

She established herself as an accomplished singer during the 2007 series of Flemish TV programme Steracteur Sterartiest, the Flemish version of Soapstar Superstar, which she won.

In 2008, her television successes were recognised when she received the Rising Star Award from the Flemish Television Academy.

In February 2010, Souffriau gave her first solo concert in a tribute performance to Belgian singer Ann Christy, widely acclaimed as one of Flanders' greatest musical talents.

Ann Christy (singer)
Ann Christy (born Christianne Leenaerts, 22 September 1945 in Antwerp – 7 August 1984 in Meise) was a Belgian singer who enjoyed success in her native country and is best known internationally for her participation in the Eurovision Song Contest 1975.
Kiril Bagration
Prince Kiril Bagration (Georgian: კირილე ბაგრატიონი, Kirile Bagrationi; Russian: Кири́лл Алекса́ндрович Багратио́н, Kirill Aleksandrovich Bagration)  (1749 – 19 April 1828) was an Imperial Russian general and official of Georgian origin, descended from the royal line of the Bagrationi-Mukhraneli of Kartli. He was a grandson of King Jesse of Kartli and uncle of General Pyotr Bagration of the Napoleonic Wars fame.

Jesse of Kartli
Jesse (Georgian: იესე, romanized: iese), also known by his Muslim names Ali-Quli Khan and Mustafa Pasha, (1680 or 1681–1727), of the Mukhranian Bagrationi dynasty, was a king (mepe) of Kartli (Georgia), acting actually as a Safavid Persian and later Ottoman viceroy (wali) from 1714 to 1716 and from 1724 until his death, respectively.
1980 in motoring
1980 in motoring deals with developments in the automotive industry that occurred in 1980, listed by country. The automotive industry designs, develops, manufactures, markets, and sells motor vehicles.

Ford Escort (Europe)
The Ford Escort is a small family car that was manufactured by Ford of Europe from 1968 until 2004. In total, the six generations were spread across three basic platforms: the original, rear-wheel-drive Mk.1/Mk.2 (1968–1980), the "Erika" front-wheel-drive Mk.3/Mk.4 (1980–1992), and the final CE-14 Mk.5/Mk.6 (1990–2002) version. Its successor, the Ford Focus, was released in 1998, but the final generation of Escort was phased out gradually, with the panel van version ending production in 2002 in favour of the Ford Transit Connect.

The Escort was frequently the best-selling car in Britain during the 1980s and 1990s. More than 4.1 million Escorts of all generations were sold there over a period of 33 years.

In 2014, Ford revived the Escort name for a car based on the second-generation Ford Focus, sold on the Chinese market.
Corallus batesii
Corallus batesii, also known commonly as the  Amazon Basin emerald tree boa, is a species of snake in the subfamily Boinae of the family Boidae. The species is native to the tropical rainforests of South America. This species was revalidated from the synonymy of Corallus caninus by Henderson and colleagues in 2009.

Boinae
The Boinae are a purported subfamily of boas found in Central and South America, as well as the West Indies. In the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS), Boinae is considered an invalid synonym of Boidae.
Bernie Meade
Patrick D. B. Meade (born 1948), known as Bernie Meade, is an Irish former hurler. At club level he played with Passage and St Finbarr's and was also a member of the Cork senior hurling team. He usually lined out as a forward.

1968 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship
The 1968 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship was the fifth staging of the All-Ireland hurling championship for players under the age of twenty-one since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1964..

Tipperary were the defending champions, however, they were defeated in the provincial stage. Cork won the title after defeating Kilkenny by 2-18 to 3-9 in the final.
William S. Key Correctional Center
William S. Key Correctional Center was a minimum-security state prison for men located in Fort Supply, Woodward County, Oklahoma, owned and operated by the Oklahoma Department of Corrections.

The facility was opened in 1989 and has a capacity of 1087 inmates held at minimum security. It was named after Warden of Oklahoma State Penitentiary and Major general William S. Key.

Oklahoma State Penitentiary
The Oklahoma State Penitentiary, nicknamed "Big Mac", is a prison of the Oklahoma Department of Corrections located in McAlester, Oklahoma, on 1,556 acres (6.30 km2). Opened in 1908 with 50 inmates in makeshift facilities, today the prison holds more than 750 male offenders, the vast majority of which are maximum-security inmates. They also hold many death row prisoners.
Mylavaram Assembly constituency
Mylavaram is a constituency in NTR district of Andhra Pradesh that elects representatives to the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly in India. It is one of the seven assembly segments of Vijayawada Lok Sabha constituency.

Vasantha Venkata Krishna Prasad is the current MLA of the constituency, having won the 2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election from Telugu Desam Party. As of 2019, there are a total of 276,459 electors in the constituency. The constituency was established in 1955, as per the Delimitation Orders (1955).

NTR district
NTR district is a district in coastal Andhra Region in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The district headquarters is located at Vijayawada. The district is named after former Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh N. T. Rama Rao. The district shares boundaries with  Guntur,  Palnadu,  Krishna,  Eluru,  Khammam and  Suryapet districts.
Jason Hartmann
Jason Hartmann (born March 23, 1981) is an NCAA coach and a former American long-distance runner who specializes in marathon races. He won the Twin Cities Marathon in 2009. He was the top American finisher at the 2010 Chicago Marathon and was fourth at the Boston Marathon in both 2012 and 2013. His personal record for the event is 2:11:06.

He has represented the United States on the road, grass and track, having competed at the IAAF World Half Marathon Championships, IAAF World Cross Country Championships and the Pan American Games. Collegiately he ran in cross country and track for the University of Oregon.

Ryan Hall (runner)
Ryan Hall (born October 14, 1982, in Kirkland, Washington) is a retired American long-distance runner who held the U.S. record in the half marathon from 2007 to 2025. Hall is the first American to break the one-hour barrier in the event, and he is also the first American to run a sub-2:05 marathon.  However, this time is not eligible to be a record due to the course being point-to-point and a net-downhill course.  Hall won the marathon at the 2008 United States Olympic trials and placed tenth in the Olympic marathon in Beijing.