hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Drift hypothesis
Drift hypothesis, concerning the relationship between mental illness and social class, is the argument that illness causes one to have a downward shift in social class. The circumstances of one's social class do not cause the onset of a mental disorder, but rather, an individual's deteriorating mental health occurs first, resulting in low social class attainment. The drift hypothesis is the opposing theory of the social causation thesis, which says being in a lower social class is a contributor to the development of a mental illness.

Socioeconomic status and mental health
Numerous studies around the world have found a relationship between socioeconomic status and mental health. There are higher rates of mental illness in groups with lower socioeconomic status (SES), but there is no clear consensus on the exact causative factors. The two principal models that attempt to explain this relationship are the social causation theory, which posits that socioeconomic inequality causes stress that gives rise to mental illness, and the downward drift approach, which assumes that people predisposed to mental illness are reduced in socioeconomic status as a result of the illness. This predisposition to poorer SES can create a vulnerable environment for developing adolescents who are more likely to be negatively affected by financial instability in relation to the social causation theory. Most literature on these concepts dates back to the mid-1990s and leans heavily towards the social causation model.
Where's Sally?
Where's Sally? is a 1936 British comedy film, directed by Arthur B. Woods and starring Chili Bouchier, Gene Gerrard and Claude Hulbert.  The film was a quota quickie production and is now believed to be lost.

Chili Bouchier
Chili Bouchier (born Dorothy Irene Boucher; 12 September 1909 – 9 September 1999) was an English film actress who achieved success during the silent film era, and went on to many screen appearances with the advent of sound films, before progressing to theatre later in her career.
Basing Street Studios
Basing Street Studios was a recording studio in a former 19th-century chapel at 8–10 Basing Street, in Notting Hill, London, England. Originally established in 1969 as Island Studios by Chris Blackwell, the founder of Island Records, the studio's location also housed the offices for Island Records from 1969 until 1973, and was renamed Basing Street Studios in 1975. Island/Basing Street Studios produced many notable recordings in the 1970s from artists including The Rolling Stones, Bob Marley and the Wailers, Led Zeppelin, Genesis, Black Sabbath, Roxy Music, Jethro Tull, Traffic, and Dire Straits. In 1982, the studios were acquired by Sarm Studio owners Jill Sinclair and her husband, producer Trevor Horn in 1982, and renamed Sarm West.

Jill Sinclair
Jill Sinclair (5 April 1952 – 22 March 2014) was an English businesswoman who co-founded the record company ZTT Records. The Daily Telegraph described her as one of the "most successful people in the British music business". Sinclair was married to the record producer Trevor Horn. In 2006, Sinclair suffered irreversible brain damage after being accidentally struck by an air rifle pellet. She died of cancer in 2014, aged 61.
Two and a Half Deaths
"Two and a Half Deaths" is the sixteenth episode of the eighth season of the American crime drama CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, which is set in Las Vegas. The 181st episode of the series overall, it originally aired on May 8, 2008 on CBS. It was written by Chuck Lorre and Lee Aronsohn in a crossover between CSI and Two and a Half Men. The character of Annabelle is based on Roseanne Barr, who Lorre believed behaved poorly while he was running her eponymous blockbuster TV show; the title font for the show-within-a-show "Annabelle" is even identical to the one used for Roseanne. Lorre was the original producer for that show until he was pushed out.

Lee Aronsohn
Lee Aronsohn (born December 15, 1952) is an American television writer, composer and producer.

He is the co-creator of the successful TV series Two and a Half Men. He has written for many sitcoms, such as The Love Boat, Who's the Boss?, Murphy Brown, Grace Under Fire, The Big Bang Theory, and Cybill.
2010 Swiss Federal Council election
Two by-elections to the Swiss Federal Council were held in Switzerland on 22 September 2010, after federal councillors Moritz Leuenberger (SP) and Hans-Rudolf Merz (FDP.The Liberals) announced they would step down from the Federal Council towards the end of the year. The by-elections resulted in the elections of Simonetta Sommaruga from the SP and Johann Schneider-Ammann from the FDP, resulting in no change in the partisan composition of the council. It also resulted in the first (and, to date, most recent) majority of women on the Federal Council in its history, with Sommaruga joining Micheline Calmy-Rey, Doris Leuthard and Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf.

Moritz Leuenberger
Moritz Leuenberger (born 21 September 1946) is a Swiss politician and lawyer who served as a Member of the Swiss Federal Council from 1995 to 2010. A member of the Social Democratic Party (SP/PS), he was President of the Swiss Confederation in 2001 and 2006. Leuenberger headed the Federal Department of Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications for the whole of his tenure as a Federal Councillor.
Phan Wait Hong
Phan Wait Hong (1914 – 1 September 2016) was a veteran Peking opera performer in Singapore. Known as the grande dame of Peking opera in Singapore, she received the Cultural Medallion for Chinese Opera in 1992.

Cultural Medallion
The Cultural Medallion (Malay: Pingat Budaya) is a cultural award in Singapore conferred to those who have achieved artistic excellence in dance, theatre, literature, music, photography, art and film. It is widely recognized as Singapore's pinnacle arts award.
2017 Russian gubernatorial elections
Gubernatorial elections were held on 10 September 2017 in 17 federal subjects of Russia.

Sixteen federal subjects had direct elections of governors. In Adygea, the governor was elected by the region's parliament. All seventeen of the new governors were nominated by ruling party United Russia.

Adygea
Adygea (/ˌɑːdɪˈɡeɪə/ AH-dig-AY-ə), officially the Republic of Adygea or the Adygean Republic, is a republic of Russia. It is situated in the North Caucasus of Eastern Europe. The republic is a part of the Southern Federal District, and covers an area of 7,600 square kilometers (2,900 sq mi), with a population of roughly 500,731 residents  as at 2025. It is an enclave within Krasnodar Krai and is the fifth-smallest Russian federal subject by area. Maykop is the capital and the largest city of Adygea, home to one-third of the republic's population.

Adygea is one of Russia's ethnic republics, primarily representing the indigenous Circassian people who form 25% of the Republic's population, while Russians form a majority at 60%, and with minority populations of Armenians and Ukrainians. The official languages of Adygea are Adyghe and Russian.
Five Fragments
The Five Fragments, Op. 42 is a suite for small orchestra composed on June 9, 1935, by Dmitri Shostakovich. It was the only work, apart from film music, that he composed that year. He approached it as preparatory work for the composition of the final version of his Symphony No. 4.

It was unperformed for 29 years after its completion, with Shostakovich indicating in 1941 that he felt it was not of sufficient quality to perform or publish. In the 1960s, he sent a photocopy of the score with his corrections and amended orchestration to Igor Blazhkov, who conducted the world premiere on April 26, 1965, with the Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra.

Despite his initial reluctance to publicize the Five Fragments, Shostakovich expressed satisfaction with the music after its premiere. Edison Denisov praised the work's "chamber-like" scoring and said it deserved to be closely studied by composers.

Symphony No. 4 (Shostakovich)
The Symphony No. 4 in C minor, Op. 43, composed by Dmitri Shostakovich between September 1935 and May 1936, after abandoning some preliminary sketch material. In January 1936, halfway through this period, Pravda—under direct orders from Joseph Stalin—published an editorial "Muddle Instead of Music" that denounced the composer and targeted his opera Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk. Despite this attack and the political climate of the time, Shostakovich completed the symphony and planned its premiere for December 1936 in Leningrad. After rehearsals began, the orchestra's management cancelled the performance, offering a statement that Shostakovich had withdrawn the work. He may have agreed to withdraw it to relieve orchestra officials of responsibility. The symphony was premiered on 30 December 1961 by the Moscow Philharmonic Orchestra led by Kirill Kondrashin.
TwentyfourSeven
TwentyfourSeven was an Australian television series that first screened on SBS in 2002. The series revolves around the lives of the young editorial team who work in the office of an entertainment magazine called 'TwentyfourSeven'.

It was an interactive series that let viewers manipulate the direction of storylines. The series was written on a Monday, shot on a Tuesday and screened on a Wednesday.

The series was produced by Hal and Di McElroy, who also produced another interactive series on SBS called Going Home.

Going Home (TV series)
Going Home was a drama television series produced by the SBS network in Australia that aired from 2000 to 2001.

Scripted, filmed, edited and broadcast on the same day, Going Home was set in a nightly inter-urban commuter train. A group of regular train travelers are featured on their daily commute in a blend of up-to-the-minute commentary on the news and events of the day, together with the unfolding dramas in their lives. Viewer feedback was encouraged, including plot and character suggestions that were regularly incorporated into subsequent episodes.

The concept has been used later in other countries: in Canada (Train 48), in France (Le train, "The Train") and in Italy (Andata e Ritorno, "Round Trip").
Raising Hope season 4
The fourth and final season of the American television series Raising Hope premiered on November 15, 2013, on Fox. The program moved to a new time slot this season, airing on Friday at 9:00 pm ET followed by the comedy series Enlisted. It later moved to 9:30 pm, swapping time slots with Enlisted. The season consisted of 22 episodes.

On March 10, 2014, Fox canceled Raising Hope. The series finale aired April 4, 2014 as the back-to-back episodes aired the night.

Enlisted (TV series)
Enlisted is an American sitcom that premiered January 10, 2014, on Fox. Fox placed a 13-episode order for the single-camera comedy in May 2013. Despite low ratings, the show received many good reviews.

On March 26, 2014, Fox announced that from April 11, Kitchen Nightmares would be airing in Enlisted's timeslot – effectively removing Enlisted from the schedule after nine episodes had aired. On May 7, 2014, Fox canceled the series due to low ratings, but allowed the final four episodes to air in June. The entire first season was released on DVD on December 9, 2014.
Cenchrus
Cenchrus is a widespread genus of plants in the grass family, native to tropical and warm temperate regions of the world. Its species are native to many countries in Asia, Africa, Australia, the Americas, and various oceanic islands.

Common names include buffelgrasses, sandburs, and sand spur. Such names allude to the sharp, spine-covered burrs characterizing the inflorescences of the members of the genus. Those previously classified as Pennisetum /ˌpɛnɪˈsiːtəm/ are known commonly as fountaingrasses (fountain grasses).

Cenchrus purpureus
Cenchrus purpureus, synonym Pennisetum purpureum, also known as Napier grass, elephant grass or Uganda grass, is a species of perennial tropical grass native to African grasslands. It has low water and nutrient requirements, and therefore can make use of otherwise uncultivated lands.

Historically, this wild species has been used primarily for grazing, recently, however, it has been used as part of a push–pull agricultural pest management strategy. Napier grasses improve soil fertility, and protect arid land from soil erosion. It is also utilized for firebreaks, windbreaks, in paper pulp production and most recently to produce bio-oil, biogas and charcoal. It also helps feed animals such as goat, rabbit, even pig, and cow .
Dado Banatao
Diosdado P. Banatao (May 23, 1946 – December 25, 2025) was a Filipino businessman and engineer working in the high-tech industry, credited with having developed the first 10-Mbit Ethernet CMOS chip, the first system logic chipset compatible with IBM's PC/XT and the PC/AT, and one of the first GUI accelerators for personal computers. A three-time start-up veteran, he co-founded Mostron, Chips and Technologies, and S3 Graphics.

IBM Personal Computer AT
The IBM Personal Computer AT (model 5170, abbreviated as IBM AT or PC/AT) was released in 1984 as the fourth model in the IBM Personal Computer line, following the IBM PC XT and its IBM Portable PC variant. It was designed around the Intel 80286 microprocessor.
District 187: Sin Streets
District 187: Sin Streets (Korean: 지구 187 : 신 거리) was a first-person shooter video game developed by Netmarble, a subsidiary of CJ Corporation. An online multiplayer, the game pits SWAT teams and gangsters against each other in urban combat. The game was released on November 20, 2012, with digital distribution through Steam made available on November 28.

CJ Group
CJ Corporation (Korean: CJ 주식회사), doing business as CJ Group (Korean: CJ그룹) or simply CJ, is a South Korean conglomerate holding company, operating internationally. It is one of the largest chaebol headquartered in Seoul, South Korea. It comprises numerous businesses in various industries of Food & Food Service, Bio, Logistics & Retail, Entertainment & Media. CJ Group was the first manufacturing business of Samsung.

CJ comes from 'CheilJedang' (제일 제당), which literally translates to "first sugar manufacture", the industry where it originally started.

Notable CJ affiliates include CJ CheilJedang (Food & Food Service), CJ Logistics (Logistics), CJ Olive Young (Health & Beauty Stores), CJ ENM (Entertainment & Media), and CJ CGV (Cinema Chain). The group is chaired by Lee Jay-hyun, the eldest grandson of Samsung founder Lee Byung-chul.
ArtInsights
ArtInsights Animation and Film Art Gallery is an Art Gallery specializing in animation and film art.

Previously located in the Reston Town Center in Reston, Virginia, the gallery migrated to an online-only business model in October, 2023.

The gallery represents original production artwork (such as animation cels) and limited edition pieces, as well as film and illustrative art (e.g. giclées ). Themed exhibits were arranged regularly in the physical gallery space, and continue online through newsletters.

The physical gallery was host to many film and animation related exhibitions and their website continues to exclusively host official production and concept artwork from specific artists in the industry. In addition to in-gallery activities, Artinsights consistently contributes to efforts and projects related to the conservation and promotion of film artwork.

Cel
A cel, short for celluloid, is a transparent sheet on which objects are drawn or painted for traditional, classical,  hand-drawn animation. Actual celluloid (consisting of cellulose nitrate and camphor) was used during the first half of the 20th century. Since it was flammable and dimensionally unstable, celluloid was largely replaced by cellulose acetate (cellulose diacetate and  cellulose triacetate) and polyester. With the advent of computer-assisted animation production (also known as digital ink and paint), the use of cels has become obsolete in major productions. Walt Disney Animation Studios stopped using cels in 1990, when Computer Animation Production System (CAPS) replaced this element in their animation process. In the next decade and a half, other  animation studios phased cels out as well in favor of digital ink and paint.
Val Verde High School
Val Verde High School is a continuation high school in Perris, California, United States. Students come from the neighboring Rancho Verde High School, Citrus Hill High School, and Orange Vista High School. It is part of the Val Verde Unified School District. As of 2023, Val Verde High enrolled 329 students.

The school lets students gain credits every quarter, which is an accelerated pace. The school allows students to earn college credits through dual enrollment courses. The school also offers several Career Technical Education (CTE) pathways, including welding, video production, logistics, pharmacy tech, woodworking, and graphic production technologies.

Citrus Hill High School
Citrus Hill High School is a secondary public co-ed school serving students of Moreno Valley, Perris and Riverside in the Val Verde Unified School District. The school name refers to the former orange groves.
Kenny Veal
Kenny Leon Veal, Jr. (born May 26, 1989) is an American former football defensive back who is currently a free agent. He played college football at Thomas More College in Kentucky and attended Hamilton High School in Hamilton, Ohio. He has also been a member of the Nashville Venom, Cleveland Gladiators,
Wichita Falls Nighthawks, Green Bay Blizzard, Jacksonville Sharks, Columbus Destroyers, Carolina Cobras, and Albany Empire.

Green Bay Blizzard
The Green Bay Blizzard are a professional indoor football team based in the Green Bay metropolitan area that competes in the Indoor Football League (IFL). The franchise was founded in 2003. The Blizzard began play in the IFL in 2010, after having played the previous seven seasons in af2, the now-defunct minor league of the Arena Football League. They play their home games at the Resch Center. The team's logo represents Bruiser, the team mascot.
Fred Stanfield
Frederic William Stanfield (May 4, 1944 – September 13, 2021) was a Canadian professional ice hockey centre who played 14 seasons in the National Hockey League from 1964 until 1978. He won two Stanley Cups with the Boston Bruins, in 1970 and 1972.  He was known as a clean player, as only once did he receive more than 14 penalty minutes in any season of his professional career.

1964–65 NHL season
The 1964–65 NHL season was the 48th season of the National Hockey League. Six teams played 70 games each. Jean Beliveau was the winner of the newly introduced Conn Smythe Trophy as the most valuable player during the playoffs. The Montreal Canadiens won their first Stanley Cup since 1960 as they were victorious over the Chicago Black Hawks in a seven-game final series.
Thomas Wilson (cricketer, born 1936)
Thomas Crichton Wilson (born 18 November 1936) is an English former first-class cricketer.

Educated at Eastbourne College, Wilson played a single first-class cricket match for L. C. Stevens' XI against Cambridge University at Eastbourne in 1960. He took one wicket in the match with his right-arm medium-fast bowling, dismissing Michael Willard in the Cambridge first-innings, taking figures of 1 for 42 across the match.

Michael Willard
Michael James Lewis Willard (born 24 March 1938) is an English former cricketer who played 41 first-class cricket matches for Cambridge University between 1959 and 1961. He was a right-arm medium bowler and a left-handed batsman.

Willard was born at Hawkhurst in Kent and attended The Judd School in Tonbridge before going up to Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. He played cricket whilst at school and played for the Kent Second XI from 1957 until 1961, playing in both the Minor Counties Championship and Second XI Championship for the side. He played football whilst at Cambridge and won cricket Blues in each of his three years at the university.

Willard continued playing club cricket after he left university, playing until at least 1976 for sides including MCC and Free Foresters.
Live in the 80's
Live in the 80's is a live album by Australian rock band Skyhooks. It was released by Mushroom Records in November 1983 in Australia and was certified gold.

The album cover is a 'live' reenactment of their Living in the 70's album cover.

Mushroom Records
Mushroom Records was an Australian flagship record label, founded in 1972 in Melbourne. It published and distributed many successful Australian artists and expanded internationally, until it was merged with Festival Records in 1998. Festival Mushroom Records was later acquired by Warner Bros. Records, which operated the label from 2005 to 2010 before merging the label's catalogue with its own. Founder Michael Gudinski went on to become the leader of the Mushroom Group, the largest independent music and entertainment company in Australia, with divisions such as Frontier Touring.
Mathru Devo Bhava
Mathru Devo Bhava is a 1993 Telugu drama film written and directed by K. Ajay Kumar and starring Madhavi and Nassar. The film is a remake of the Malayalam film Akashadoothu (1993) by Sibi Malayil.

The film won the National Film Award for Best Lyrics by Veturi for the song "Raalipoye Puvva" and Filmfare Best Film Award (Telugu). The film was dubbed in Tamil as Thaai Ullam. The film won two Nandi Awards.

Nassar (actor)
Nassar (born Muhammad Hanif; 5 March 1958) is an Indian actor, director, producer, voice artist, singer and politician who mainly works in the Tamil, Telugu and Malayalam film industries. He has also worked in a few Kannada,  English, Hindi  and Bengali films. He is the incumbent president of the Nadigar Sangam, a trade union for film, television, and stage actors in Tamil Nadu.
New Zealand Fire Service Commission
The New Zealand Fire Service Commission (Māori: Whakaratonga Iwi) was the New Zealand Crown entity responsible for overseeing firefighting across the country from 1975 to 1 July 2017. The Commission administered the New Zealand Fire Service (NZFS), the nation's urban fire and rescue service, and also acted as the National Rural Fire Authority (NRFA), which oversaw the control of wildfires by coordinating local Rural Fire Authorities. On 30 July 2017, the Commission was dissolved and was replaced with the Board of Fire and Emergency New Zealand - an agency which subsumed both the NZFS and the Rural Fire Authorities and became responsible for both urban and rural firefighting.

Crown entity
A Crown entity (from the Commonwealth term Crown) is an organisation that forms part of New Zealand's state sector established under the Crown Entities Act 2004, a unique umbrella governance and accountability statute. The Crown Entities Act is based on the corporate model where the governance of the organisation is split from the management of the organisation.
1880 Missouri State Auditor election
The 1880 Missouri State Auditor election was held on November 2, 1880, in order to elect the state auditor of Missouri. Democratic nominee John Walker defeated Republican nominee L. A. Thompson and Greenback nominee A. C. Marquis.

State Auditor of Missouri
The state auditor of Missouri is an elected constitutional officer in the executive branch of government of the U.S. state of Missouri. Thirty-eight individuals have occupied the office of state auditor since statehood. The incumbent is Scott Fitzpatrick, a Republican.