hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gosankyō
The Go-san-kyō (御三卿, "the Three Lords") were three branches of the Tokugawa clan of Japan. They were descended from the eighth of the fifteen Tokugawa shōguns, Yoshimune (1684–1751). Yoshimune established the Gosankyo to augment (or perhaps to replace) the Gosanke, the heads of the powerful han (fiefs) of Owari, Kishū, and Mito. Two of his sons, together with the second son of his successor Ieshige, established the Tayasu, Hitotsubashi, and Shimizu branches of the Tokugawa. Unlike the Gosanke, they did not rule a han. Still, they remained prominent until the end of Tokugawa rule, and some later shōguns were chosen from the Hitotsubashi line.

Tokugawa Naritaka
Tokugawa Naritaka (徳川 斉荘, June 13, 1810 – July 6, 1845) was a Japanese daimyō of the early late-Edo period. The 14th son of the 11th shōgun Tokugawa Ienari, he succeeded Tokugawa Narimasa as head of the Tayasu Tokugawa house in 1836. In 1839, he became the 12th lord of the Owari domain. He studied tea ceremony with the 11th Sen Sōshitsu. His pen names were Chitosai (知止斎) and Kinjō Sanjin (金城山人).

His childhood name was Tanabenosuke (要之丞).
The Masked Singer (American TV series) season 1
The first season of the American television series The Masked Singer premiered on Fox on January 2, 2019, and concluded on February 27, 2019. The season was won by rapper T-Pain as "Monster", with singer Donny Osmond finishing second as "Peacock", and singer Gladys Knight placing third as "Bee".

Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Costumes for a Variety, Nonfiction, or Reality Programming
The Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Costumes for a Variety, Nonfiction, or Reality Programming is presented as part of the Primetime Emmy Awards. To be eligible, the costumes must have been designed specifically for television.
Mitan-myeon
Mitan-myeon (Korean: 미탄면; Hanja: 美灘面) is a myeon (township) in Pyeongchang county of Gangwon-do South Korea. The myeon is located in northern central part of the county. The total area of Mitan-myeon is 109.74 square kilometers, and, as of 2008, the population was 1,881 people.

Pyeongchang County
Pyeongchang (American English: /ˌpjʌŋˈtʃɑːŋ/ pyung-CHAHNG, Korean: [pʰjʌŋtɕʰaŋ]; in full, Pyeongchang-gun [pʰjʌŋtɕʰaŋɡun]) is a county in the state of Gangwon, South Korea, located in the Taebaek Mountains region. It is home to several Buddhist temples, including Woljeongsa. It is about 180 km (110 mi) east southeast of Seoul, the capital of South Korea, and connected by expressways and high-speed passenger railways. Pyeongchang's slogan, "Happy 700 Pyeongchang", is taken from its average elevation of approximately 700 metres (2,300 ft).

Pyeongchang hosted the 2018 Winter Olympics and the 2018 Winter Paralympics. It was officially rebranded as "PyeongChang" (with a capital 'C') for the purposes of the 2018 Games, in order to avoid confusion with Pyongyang in North Korea.
Driscoll Point
Driscoll Point (82°59′S 168°0′E﻿ / ﻿82.983°S 168.000°E﻿ / -82.983; 168.000) is a point forming the east side of the entrance to Wise Bay, overlooking the Ross Ice Shelf. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from tellurometer surveys (1961–62) and Navy air photos (1960), and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names after C. E. Driscoll, Master of the USNS Pvt. Joseph F. Merrell, during U.S. Navy Operation Deep Freeze 1963.

Holland Range
The Holland Range (83°10′S 166°0′E﻿ / ﻿83.167°S 166.000°E﻿ / -83.167; 166.000) is a rugged coastal mountain range in the Ross Dependency, Antarctica, on the west coast of the Ross Ice Shelf. It is about 60 nautical miles (110 km) long.
Gmina Ciepłowody
Gmina Ciepłowody is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Ząbkowice Śląskie County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the village of Ciepłowody, which lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) north-east of Ząbkowice Śląskie, and 52 kilometres (32 mi) south of the regional capital Wrocław.

The gmina covers an area of 77.53 square kilometres (29.9 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 3,016.

Ząbkowice Śląskie
Ząbkowice Śląskie (Zombkovitze [zɔmpkɔˈvit͡sɛ ˈɕlɔ̃skʲɛ]; German: Frankenstein in Schlesien) is a town in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It is the seat of Ząbkowice Śląskie County and of a local municipality called Gmina Ząbkowice Śląskie. The town lies approximately 63 kilometres (39 miles) south of the regional capital Wrocław. As of 2019, it had a population of 15,004.
Bat wing development
The order Chiroptera, comprising all bats, has evolved the unique mammalian adaptation of flight.  Bat wings are modified tetrapod forelimbs.  Because bats are mammals, the skeletal structures in their wings are morphologically homologous to the skeletal components found in other tetrapod forelimbs.  Through adaptive evolution these structures in bats have undergone many morphological changes, such as webbed digits, elongation of the forelimb, and reduction in bone thickness.  Recently, there have been comparative studies of mouse and bat forelimb development to understand the genetic basis of morphological evolution.  Consequently, the bat wing is a valuable evo-devo model for studying the evolution of vertebrate limb diversity.

Fibroblast growth factor
Fibroblast growth factors (FGF) are a family of cell signalling proteins produced by the macrophages. They are involved in a wide variety of processes, most notably as crucial elements for normal development in animal cells. Any irregularities in their function will lead to a range of developmental defects.  These growth factors typically act as a systemic or locally circulating molecules of extracellular origin that activate cell surface receptors. A defining property of FGFs is that they bind to heparin and to heparan sulfate. Thus, some are sequestered in the extracellular matrix of tissues that contains heparan sulfate proteoglycans, and released locally upon injury or tissue remodeling.
Volker Frischke
Volker Frischke (born c. 1944) is a German swimmer who won a bronze medal in the 4×200 m freestyle relay at the 1962 European Aquatics Championships. He also won two national titles in the 200 m butterfly event in 1962 and 1963.

After retirement from competition he worked as a swimming coach, eventually becoming a national team coach and a top manager of SC Dynamo Berlin, the club where he trained. He was involved in the East German doping program. In October 1997 he was charged with giving anabolic steroids to teenager swimmers without the knowledge (the drugs were said to be vitamin supplements) thereby causing bodily harm. As a result, he was relieved from coaching duties and fined for DM 5,000, without receiving a criminal record. His past trainees included Kerstin Kielgass, Daniela Hunger and Manuela Stellmach.

Kerstin Kielgass
Kerstin Kielgass (German spelling: Kerstin Kielgaß; born 6 December 1969) is a German former Olympic swimmer and a physiotherapist. Kielgass would win 24 medals as an international swimmer, while competing in the Olympic Games, the World Championships and the European Championships.
Klamath (steamboat)
Klamath was the first and only vessel larger than a launch to operate on Lower Klamath Lake, which straddled the border between the U.S. states of Oregon and California. This vessel is chiefly known for having been hauled overland by rail from Lake Ewauna to Upper Klamath Lake. It was also one of only two licensed merchant vessels ever to operate on lower Klamath Lake. During 1905 to 1909, Klamath was an essential link in a transportation line to Klamath Falls which involved rail, stage coach, and steamer travel. The late arrival of railroads to the Klamath lakes region made riverine and lake transport more important to the area.

Klamath Falls, Oregon
Klamath Falls (/ˈklæməθ/ KLAM-əth) is a city in and the county seat of Klamath County, Oregon, United States. The city was originally called Linkville when George Nurse founded the town in 1867. It was named after the Link River, on whose falls the city was sited. The name was changed to Klamath Falls in 1893. The population was 21,813 at the 2020 census. With its suburb Altamont, a census-designated place, the combined population of the towns is 42,046 residents. The city is on the southeastern shore of the Upper Klamath Lake, at the foothills of the Cascade Range, and is home to the Oregon Institute of Technology.

Logging was the first major industry of Klamath Falls.
Alois Kaňkovský
Alois Kaňkovský (born 9 July 1983) is a Czech former professional cyclist, who rode professionally between 2006 and 2021 for the ASC Dukla Praha and Elkov–Kasper teams. At the 2007 UCI Track Cycling World Championships, he became world champion in the omnium event and also won a bronze medal in the madison.

Course de Solidarność et des Champions Olympiques
The Course de Solidarność et des Champions Olympiques, also known as the Course de la Solidarité Olympique (Polish: Wyścig Solidarności i Olimpijczyków; English: Race of Solidarity and Olympics) is a road bicycle racing stage race held annually in Poland. From 1991 until 1995, it was a race for amateurs, becoming a professional race in 1996. It was classified as a 2.3 event from 2002 to 2004, a 2.1 event on the UCI Europe Tour from 2005 to 2013, and since 2014 as a 2.2 event.
Hypernasal speech
Hypernasal speech is a disorder that causes abnormal resonance in a human's voice due to increased airflow through the nose during speech. It is caused by an open nasal cavity resulting from an incomplete closure of the soft palate and/or velopharyngeal sphincter (velopharyngeal insufficiency). In normal speech, nasality is referred to as nasalization and is a linguistic category that can apply to vowels or consonants in a specific language. The primary underlying physical variable determining the degree of nasality in normal speech is the opening and closing of a velopharyngeal passageway between the oral vocal tract and the nasal vocal tract.  In the normal vocal tract anatomy, this opening is controlled by lowering and raising the velum or soft palate, to open or close, respectively, the velopharyngeal passageway.

Vocal tract
The vocal tract or speech apparatus is the cavity in mammals and in birds where the sound produced at the sound source (larynx in mammals; syrinx in birds) is filtered.

In mammals, it consists of the laryngeal cavity, the pharynx, the oral cavity, and the nasal cavity. In birds, it consists of the trachea, the syrinx, the oral cavity, the upper part of the esophagus, and the beak.

The estimated average length of the vocal tract in men is 16.9 cm and 14.1 cm in women.
Mimagyrta abdominalis
Mimagyrta abdominalis is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Rothschild in 1912. It is found in French Guiana, Suriname and Venezuela.

The length of the forewings is 15–17 mm. The forewings are black with a broad glittering blue band two-fifths along the wing, a hyaline patch in the cell and a larger one below the median vein. There is a hyaline oblique postdiscal band reaching from the subcosta almost to the termen. The hindwings are black with a central hyaline band. The abdominal area is glittering blue.

Arctiinae
The Arctiinae (formerly called the family Arctiidae) are a large and diverse subfamily of moths with around 11,000 species found all over the world, including 6,000 neotropical species. This subfamily includes the groups commonly known as tiger moths (or tigers), which usually have bright colours, footmen, which are usually much drabber, lichen moths, and wasp moths. Many species have "hairy" caterpillars that are popularly known as woolly bears or woolly worms. The scientific name Arctiinae refers to this hairiness (Gk. αρκτος = a bear). Some species within the Arctiinae have the word "tussock"' in their common names because they have been misidentified as members of the Lymantriinae subfamily based on the characteristics of the larvae.
Arrondissements of the Haute-Vienne department
The 3 arrondissements of the Haute-Vienne department are:

Arrondissement of Bellac, (subprefecture: Bellac) with 57 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 37,903 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Limoges, (prefecture of the Haute-Vienne department: Limoges) with 108 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 296,099 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Rochechouart, (subprefecture: Rochechouart) with 30 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 37,689 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Bellac
The Arrondissement of Bellac is an arrondissement of France in the Haute-Vienne department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. It has 57 communes. Its population is 37,903 (2021), and its area is 1,779.9 km2 (687.2 sq mi).
Promastodonsaurus
Promastodonsaurus ("before Mastodonsaurus") is an extinct genus of capitosauroid temnospondyls within the family Mastodonsauridae. Fossils of the genus were found in the Ischigualasto Formation of the Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin in northwestern Argentina.

Mastodonsaurus
Mastodonsaurus (meaning "teat tooth lizard") is an extinct genus of temnospondyl amphibian from the Middle Triassic of Europe. It belongs to a Triassic group of temnospondyls called Capitosauria, characterized by their large body size, large flattened skulls, and probably mainly aquatic lifestyles. Mastodonsaurus remains one of the largest amphibians known, and may have exceeded 6 meters (20 feet) in length.
2025 FIBA Asia Cup qualification
The 2025 FIBA Asia Cup qualification was a basketball competition that was played from June 2022 to March 2025, to determine the fifteen FIBA Asia-Oceania nations who would join the automatically qualified host Saudi Arabia at the 2025 FIBA Asia Cup.

2025 FIBA Asia Cup
The 2025 FIBA Asia Cup was the 31st edition of the FIBA Asia Cup, the continental men's basketball championship in Asia. It was held from 5 to 17 August 2025. The tournament was organized by FIBA Asia and returned to its usual four-year cycle, after the previous tournament was delayed to 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Saudi Arabia hosted the tournament for the second time after staging the 1997 edition.

Australia entered the tournament as defending champions after beating Lebanon in the 2022 final. They defended their title with a win over China in the final, 90–89.
Joggins
Joggins is a rural community located in western Cumberland County, Nova Scotia, Canada. On July 7, 2008 a 15-km length of the coast constituting the Joggins Fossil Cliffs was officially inscribed on the World Heritage List.

Calamites
Calamites is a genus of extinct arborescent (tree-like) horsetails to which the modern horsetails (genus Equisetum) are closely related. Unlike their herbaceous modern cousins, these plants were medium-sized trees, growing to heights of 30–50 meters (98–164 ft). They were components of the understories of coal swamps of the Carboniferous Period (around 360 to 300 million years ago).
Ernest Hamy
Ernest-Théodore Hamy (22 June 1842, Boulogne-sur-Mer – 18 November 1908, Paris) was a French anthropologist and ethnologist.

He studied medicine in Paris, earning his doctorate in 1868. Afterwards, he served as a  préparateur under Paul Broca in the laboratory of anthropology at the Ecole pratique des hautes études. In 1872 he became an assistant naturalist at the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, where he worked closely with Armand de Quatrefages. He was elected an International Member of the American Philosophical Society in 1891. In 1892 he was appointed professor of anthropology at the Museum.

He was founder and curator of the Musée d'Ethnographie du Trocadéro as well as creator of the Revue d’ethnographie. He was vice-president (1886) and president (1895) of the Société des traditions populaires, and a founding member of the Société des américanistes (1892). Also, he was a member of the Société d’Anthropologie de Paris and the Société de géographie.

Paul Broca
Paul Pierre Broca (/ˈbroʊkə/, also UK: /ˈbrɒkə/, US: /ˈbroʊkɑː/, French: [pɔl bʁɔka]; 28 June 1824 – 9 July 1880) was a French physician, anatomist and anthropologist. He is best known for his research on Broca's area, a region of the frontal lobe that is  named after him. Broca's area is involved with language. His work revealed that the brains of patients with aphasia contained lesions in a particular part of the cortex, in the left frontal region. This was the first anatomical proof of localization of brain function.

Broca's work contributed to the development of physical anthropology, advancing the science of anthropometry, and craniometry, in particular, the now-discredited practice of determining intelligence. He was engaged in comparative anatomy of primates and humans and proposed that Negroes were an intermediate form between apes and Europeans. He saw each racial group as its own species and believed racial mixing eventually led to sterility.
New York–Pennsylvania Joint Interstate Bridge Commission
The New York–Pennsylvania Joint Interstate Bridge Commission, or simply the Joint Interstate Bridge Commission, is an interstate agency jointly owned by the states of New York and Pennsylvania. The commission was formed in 1919 by the two states to manage the crossings of the Delaware River that connected them. It currently maintains and operates nine toll-free bridges from the New Jersey–Pennsylvania state line to the end of Pennsylvania and New York's shared border along the Delaware River.

Hancock, New York
Hancock is a town in Delaware County, New York, United States. The town contains a village, also named Hancock. The town is in the southwest part of the county. The population was 2,764 at the 2020 census. The town is the largest by area in Delaware County. The town borders two other counties, Sullivan County to the south and Pennsylvania's Wayne County to the west. The town is located partially in the Catskill Park.
2022 WPA World Nine-ball Championship
The 2022 World Pool Championship was a cue sports tournament in the discipline of nine-ball contested during April 6–10, 2022, at the Marshall Arena in Milton Keynes, England.

The tournament had a prize pool of $325,000, with a $60,000 prize for the winner. The field consisted of 128 players with an initial match format of race-to-nine; once the field was reduced to 64 players, the format was race-to-11 until the championship match, which was a race-to-13. The defending champion was Albin Ouschan of Austria, who won the 2021 edition of the event. The tournament was won by Shane Van Boening of the United States, who defeated Ouschan in the championship match.

WPA World Nine-ball Championship
The WPA World Nine-ball Championship is an annual professional nine-ball pool tournament contested since 1990. The championship is sanctioned by the World Pool Association (WPA) and principally sponsored and organized by Matchroom Sport, who promote the event as the World Pool Championship.  The championship has men's, women's, youth and wheelchair divisions.
Western Moldavia
Western Moldavia (Romanian: Moldova Occidentală, Moldova de Apus, or Moldova de Vest), also known as Romanian Moldavia, is the core historic and geographical part of the former Principality of Moldavia situated in eastern and north-eastern Romania. Until its union with Wallachia in 1859, the Principality of Moldavia also included, at various times in its history, the regions of Bessarabia (with the Budjak), all of Bukovina, and Hertsa; the larger part of the former is nowadays the independent state of Moldova, while the rest of it, the northern part of Bukovina, and Hertsa form territories of Ukraine.

Romanian Moldavia consists of eight counties, spanning over 18% of Romania's territory. Six out of the 8 counties make up Romania's designated Nord-Est development region, while the two southern counties are included within Romania's Sud-Est development region. It comprises roughly 48.67% of the wider region of Moldavia.

Hertsa region
The Hertsa region, also known as the Hertza region (Ukrainian: Край Герца, romanized: Krai Hertsa; Romanian: Ținutul Herța), is a region around the town of Hertsa within Chernivtsi Raion in the southern part of Chernivtsi Oblast in southwestern Ukraine, near the border with Romania. With an area of around 304 km2 (117 sq mi), it has a population of about 32,300 people (as of 2001), 93% of whom are ethnic Romanians.
USS Salish
USS Salish (ATA-187) (previously ATR-114) was a Sotoyomo-class rescue tug of the US Navy. Her hull was laid down on 29 August 1944. She left US service on 10 February 1972 and was recommissioned in the Argentine Navy on the same day as the ARA Alférez Sobral (A-9).

Sotoyomo-class tugboat
The Sotoyomo-class tugboats were a class of United States Navy rescue tugboats. The lead ship was USS Sotoyomo, laid down in September 1942. Designed as "rescue tugs", the class consisted of forty-nine ships, classified as auxiliaries. Sotoyomo commemorates a part of the Sioux tribe.
San Jose Redevelopment Agency
The San Jose Redevelopment Agency (SJRA, officially the Redevelopment Agency for the City of San José) was a redevelopment agency in the government of San Jose, California. It was created in 1956 and grew into the second-largest tax increment financing agency in the state.

The agency's 21 development project areas covered about 16% of the city's area and accounted for a third of the jobs in the city. It led the redevelopment of Downtown San Jose. It also cofounded the US Market Access Center and San Jose BioCenter as joint ventures with San Jose State University. During the 1990s and 2000s, the tightened real estate market impaired the agency's efforts to relocate businesses that were in the way of development projects such as San Jose City Hall.

The agency was dissolved along with the state's other redevelopment agencies on February 1, 2012. In its place, the Successor Agency to the San José Redevelopment Agency (SARA) managed the wind-down of the agency's affairs.

Government of San Jose, California
The government of San Jose, officially the City of San José, operates as a charter city within California law under the San José City Charter. The elected government of the city, which operates as a council–manager government, is composed of the Mayor of San Jose (currently Matt Mahan), the San Jose City Council, and several other elected offices.

The greater public administration of San Jose includes numerous entities, including the San Jose Police Department, the San Jose Fire Department, and the San Jose Public Library, as well as a mix of state and county level institutions.
2014 IPC Powerlifting World Championships
The 2014 IPC Powerlifting World Championships was a competition for male and female athletes with a disability. With 360 competitors from over 60 countries, the event surpassed the number of entrants of the 2012 Summer Paralympics of London. It was held in Dubai in the United Arab Emirates and ran from 5 to 11 April. The event was held in the Dubai Club for the Disabled.

The 2014 edition became the final event branded as the "IPC Powerlifting World Championships". On 30 November 2016, the International Paralympic Committee, which serves as the international federation for 10 disability sports, including powerlifting, adopted the "World Para" brand for all 10 sports. The world championship events in all of these sports were immediately rebranded as "World Para" championships. Accordingly, future IPC powerlifting championships will be known as "World Para Powerlifting Championships".

World Para Powerlifting Championships
The World Para Powerlifting Championships, known before 30 November 2016 as the IPC Powerlifting World Championships, is an event organized by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC). Competitors with a physical disability compete, and in a few events athletes with an intellectual disability compete. First held in 1994, the competition was held every four years. Since 2017, it is held every two years. The competitions are also part of the qualification process to compete at the Summer Paralympics.