hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Henri Grégoire
Henri Jean-Baptiste Grégoire (French: [ɑ̃ʁi ʒɑ̃ batist ɡʁeɡwaʁ]; 4 December 1750 – 28 May 1831), often referred to as the Abbé Grégoire, was a French Catholic priest, constitutional bishop of Blois and a revolutionary leader. He was an ardent abolitionist and supporter of universal suffrage. He was a founding member of the Bureau des longitudes, the Institut de France, and the Conservatoire national des arts et métiers.

Institut de France
The Institut de France (French for 'Institute of France'; French: [ɛ̃stity də fʁɑ̃s]) is a French learned society, grouping five académies, including the Académie Française. It was established in 1795 at the direction of the National Convention. Located on the Quai de Conti in the 6th arrondissement of Paris, the institute manages approximately 1,000 foundations, as well as museums and châteaux open for visit. It also awards prizes and subsidies, which amounted to a total of over €27 million per year in 2017. Most of these prizes are awarded by the institute on the recommendation of the académies.
Moniteau Creek (south central Missouri)
Moniteau Creek is a stream in Cooper, Moniteau and Cole counties in central Missouri. It is a tributary of the Missouri River. The stream headwaters are in western Moniteau County just west of Tipton. The stream flows north into Cooper County then turns east and flows through the southeastern part of the county and re-enters Moniteau County. The stream continues meandering east passing under Missouri Route 87 south of Jamestown and enters the Missouri River floodplain in the Marion Bottoms Conservation Area between Sandy Hook to the north and Marion to the south. The confluence with the Missouri River floodplain lies in the northern tip of Cole County.

The stream source is at 38°39′39″N 92°48′14″W﻿ / ﻿38.66083°N 92.80389°W﻿ / 38.66083; -92.80389 and the confluence is at 38°41′25″N 92°21′53″W﻿ / ﻿38.69028°N 92.36472°W﻿ / 38.69028; -92.36472.

Moniteau Creek derives its name from the Indian term Manitou.

Cole County, Missouri
Cole County is located in the central part of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, its population was 77,279. Its county seat and largest city is Jefferson City, the state capital. The county was organized November 16, 1820, and named after pioneer William Temple Cole who built Cole's Fort in Boonville.

Cole County is in the Jefferson City, MO Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is south of the Missouri River.

In 2010, the center of the population of Missouri was in Cole County, near the village of Wardsville.
Mpho Mbiyozo
Mpho Mbiyozo (born 7 February 1983) is a former South African rugby union player who played with Western Province and the Eastern Province Kings between 2005 and 2013. He usually played as a flanker.

He is currently a coach at the Boland Cavaliers' academy, the Boland Rugby Institute, having previously been the skills and lineout coach with Western Province and also being involved with the Kenyan national team.

Stormers
The Stormers (known for sponsorship reasons as the DHL Stormers) is a South African professional rugby union team based in Cape Town in the Western Cape that competes in the United Rugby Championship, a trans-hemispheric competition that also involves sides from Ireland, Italy, Scotland and Wales and the domestic Currie Cup competition as the Western Province. They competed in the Super Rugby competition until 2020. They have won one major international championship, the 2021-22 United Rugby Championship, and seven South African 'conference' titles, five in the South African Conference of Super Rugby, and two in the URC equivalent, the South African Shield, while in the Currie Cup having won the competition on a record 34 occasions.
Fringe theories about the Shroud of Turin
The Shroud of Turin is a length of linen cloth bearing the imprint of the image of a man, and is believed by some to be the burial shroud of Jesus. Despite conclusive scientific evidence from three radiocarbon dating tests performed in 1988 which resulted in the shroud being dated to 1260–1390 AD, some researchers have challenged the dating based on various theories, including the provenance of the samples used for testing, biological or chemical contamination, incorrect assessment of carbon dating data, as well as other theories. However, the alternative theories challenging the radiocarbon dating have been disproved by scientists using actual shroud material, and are thus considered to be fringe theories.

The Holy See received custody of the shroud in 1983, and as with other relics, makes no claims about its authenticity. After the 1988 round of tests, no further dating tests have been allowed.

Sample (material)
In general, a sample is a limited quantity of something which is intended to be similar to and represent a larger amount of that thing(s). The things could be countable objects such as individual items available as units for sale, or an uncountable material. Even though the word "sample" implies a smaller quantity taken from a larger amount, sometimes full biological or mineralogical specimens are called samples if they are taken for analysis, testing, or investigation like other samples. They are also considered samples in the sense that even whole specimens are "samples" of the full population of many individual organisms. The act of obtaining a sample is called "sampling" and can be performed manually by a person or by automatic process. Samples of material can be taken or provided for testing, analysis, investigation, quality control, demonstration, or trial use. Sometimes, sampling may be performed continuously.
Christ Presbyterian Church, Akropong
The Christ Presbyterian Church, formerly known as the Basel Mission Church, Akropong, is a historic Protestant church located in Akropong–Akuapem, Ghana. It is the first Presbyterian Church to be established in Ghana. It was founded in 1835 by Andreas Riis, a Danish minister and missionary of the Basel Mission who was the only congregant at the time. After years of dormancy, the church began to flourish after the arrival of the Moravian missionaries from the West Indies in 1843 . The Basel missionary, Johann Georg Widmann was appointed the minister-in-charge of the Akropong church in 1845. The Jamaican missionary, John Hall, who had served as an elder in his home church in Irwin Hill, Montego Bay, became the first Presbyter of the church while Alexander Worthy Clerk became the first Deacon. Liturgical services are conducted in English and the Twi language.

Basel Mission
The Basel Mission is a Christian missionary society based in Switzerland. It was active from 1815 to 2001, when it transferred the operative work to Mission 21, the successor organization of Kooperation Evangelischer Kirchen und Missione (KEM), founded in 2001. Now Basel Mission is one of the supporting organizations of Mission 21. Since 2025 the Basel Mission changed his structure to a foundation. Chair of the foundation ist Rev. Dr. h.c. Karl F. Appl.
Gąsawa massacre
The Gąsawa massacre (Polish: Zbrodnia gąsawska, lit. 'Gąsawa crime') was an attack on the night of 23-24 November 1227, during a council of Polish Piast dukes that was being held near the village of Gąsawa in Kuyavia, Poland. The High Duke of Poland, Leszek the White, was assassinated, and Duke Henry the Bearded of Silesia was gravely wounded.

At the time of the attack, some of the victims were bathing in preparation for retiring for the night, and so the event is also known in Polish historiography as the Gąsawa bloodbath (Polish: krwawa łaźnia w Gąsawie).

Leszek I the White
Leszek the White (Polish: Leszek Biały; c. 1184/85 – 24 November 1227) was Prince of Sandomierz and High Duke of Poland in the years 1194–1198, 1199, 1206–1210, and 1211–1227. During the early stages of his reign, his uncle Duke Mieszko III the Old and cousin Władysław III Spindleshanks, from the Greater Polish branch of the royal Piast dynasty, contested Leszek's right to be High Duke.

Leszek was the third or fourth, but eldest surviving son of Casimir II the Just and his wife Helen of Znojmo.
CapX
CapX is a centre-right British online newspaper and news aggregator. It was founded by the Centre for Policy Studies, and features columnists and contributors such as Tim Montgomerie, Daniel Hannan, and V. S. Naipaul. The site offers original content and aggregated news and blogs, and features opinion on politics, economics, and business issues.

CapX was launched on 21 June 2014 as a commentary outlet to promote "democratic capitalism" and support innovation, competition, free trade, good governance and liberty. It aggregates and selects news from 3.5 million blogs, academic journals and mainstream media. It publishes a spectrum of pro-market authors.

Tim Montgomerie
Timothy Montgomerie (born 24 July 1970) is a British political activist, blogger, and columnist. He is best known as the co-founder of the Centre for Social Justice and as creator of the ConservativeHome website, which he edited from 2005 until 2013, when he left to become the comment editor at The Times.

He was formerly the newspaper's comment editor, but resigned in March 2014. On 17 February 2016, Montgomerie resigned his membership of the Conservative Party, citing the leadership's stance on Europe, which was then supportive of EU membership. In 2019, he was briefly a special adviser to Prime Minister Boris Johnson, advising on social justice issues.

Montgomerie has been described as "one of the most important Conservative activists of the past 20 years", and in February 2012, The Observer said that "In the eyes of most MPs, Montgomerie [is] one of the most influential Tories outside the cabinet." In December 2024, he quit the Conservatives and joined Reform UK.
2009 WPA World Ten-ball Championship
The WPA 10-Ball World Championship 2009 was the second edition of the WPA World 10-ball Championship, the world championship for the discipline of 10-ball pool. The event took place from November 25 to 30, 2009. The qualification phase was hosted at the Star Billiards Center, in Quezon City while the final tournament which started from May 10, 2011, was hosted at the World Trade Center Manila in Pasay.

The event was won by Finland's Mika Immonen, defeating Filipino Lee Vann Corteza in the final 11–6. British Darren Appleton was the defending champion, having won the 2008 event, but was defeated by David Alcaide in the quarter-finals.

2008 WPA World Ten-ball Championship
The WPA 10-Ball World Championship 2008 was a ten-ball pool tournament held from September 29 to October 5, 2008, at the Philippine International Convention Center in Pasay, Metro Manila, Philippines. The first edition of the WPA World Ten-ball Championship, it featured a field of 128 players competing in a double-elimination and then single-elimination tournament. The total prize fund for the event was $400,000 with $100,000 being awarded to the winner.

The event was won by England's Darren Appleton, winning his first world championship, defeating nineteen year old Taiwanese player Wu Jia-qing in the final 13–11. The event was boycotted by many top Filipino players, such as Efren Reyes, due to an issue with sponsors Raya Sports.
Alocasia atropurpurea
Alocasia atropurpurea is a flowering plant in the family Araceae endemic to northern Luzon in the Philippines. It is classified as Critically Endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and has only been recorded in Mount Polis and an unspecified locality in the Mountain Province.

Araceae
The Araceae are a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants in which flowers are borne on a type of inflorescence called a spadix. The spadix is usually accompanied by, and sometimes partially enclosed in, a spathe (or leaf-like bract). Also known as the arum family, members are often colloquially known as aroids. This family of 114 genera and about 3,750 known species is most diverse in the New World tropics, although also distributed in the Old World tropics and northern temperate regions.
Quebec French phonology
The phonology of Quebec French is more complex than Modern Parisian French. Quebec French has conserved phonemic distinctions between /a/ and /ɑ/, /ɛ/ and /ɛː/, /ø/ and /ə/, /ɛ̃/ and /œ̃/. The latter phoneme of each minimal pair has disappeared in Parisian French, and only the last distinction has been maintained in Meridional French though all of those distinctions persist in Swiss and Belgian French.

Meridional French
Meridional French (French: français méridional; Occitan: francés meridional), also referred to as Francitan (a portmanteau of français and occitan), is the regional variant of the French language spoken in the area of Marseille, Avignon and Toulouse. It is influenced by the Occitan language.

There are speakers of Meridional French in all generations, but the accent is most marked among the elderly, who often speak Occitan as their first language.
Sharon Garin
Sharon Serag Garin is a Filipino politician who has served as the secretary of energy on an ad interim basis since 2025. She previously served as an undersecretary in the Department of Energy from 2022 to 2025 and as the representative for the AAMBIS-Owa Party List from 2010 to 2022.

Born to a longtime political dynasty based in Iloilo's first district, Garin was first elected to the House of Representatives of the Philippines in 2010. During her tenure, she served as a deputy speaker from 2016 to 2019, and chaired the Philippine House Committee on Economic Affairs from 2019 to 2020 and again from 2021 to 2022.

After leaving Congress, she joined the Department of Energy in 2022 as an undersecretary, during which she pursued efforts toward attaining nuclear power in the Philippines. In May 2025, President Bongbong Marcos appointed Garin as secretary of energy as an officer in charge as part of a major cabinet reshuffle before permanently appointing her to the position in July.

Iloilo's 1st congressional district
Iloilo's 1st congressional district is one of the five congressional districts of the Philippines in the province of Iloilo. It has been represented in the House of Representatives of the Philippines since 1916 and earlier in the Philippine Assembly from 1907 to 1916. The district consists of the municipalities of Guimbal, Igbaras, Miagao, Oton, San Joaquin, Tigbauan and Tubungan. It is currently represented in the 19th Congress by Janette Garin of the Lakas–CMD.
Radiant Shadows
Radiant Shadows is an Urban fantasy novel by Melissa Marr. It is set in the same universe as Marr's previous YA novels, but is not a sequel to Fragile Eternity; rather, it is a companion novel like Ink Exchange was, focusing on a different set of characters.

Ink Exchange
Ink Exchange is an urban fantasy novel written by Melissa Marr. It is set in the same universe as Marr's previous novel, Wicked Lovely, but is not a sequel; rather, it is a companion novel that focuses on a different set of characters. Despite being a companion novel, its plot elements connect chronologically to Marr's following novel, Fragile Eternity.
Arlene Arcillas
Arlene Bawan Arcillas (born July 31, 1969) is a Filipino politician who is currently the city mayor of Santa Rosa, Laguna since 2019, the position she also previously held from 2007 to 2016. She had also served as the representative from Laguna's 1st district from 2016 to 2019, vice mayor of Santa Rosa from 2005 to 2007, and councilor of the same city from 2005 to 2007.

Laguna's 1st congressional district
Laguna's 1st congressional district is one of the six congressional districts of the Philippines in the province of Laguna, formerly La Laguna. It has been represented in the House of Representatives of the Philippines since 1916 and earlier in the Philippine Assembly from 1907 to 1916. The district currently consists of the northwestern city of San Pedro. It also encompassed the city of San Pablo and western Laguna municipalities of Alaminos, Bay, Cabuyao, Calamba, Calauan, Los Baños, Pila, and Victoria until 1972; Biñan until 2016; and Santa Rosa until 2022. It is currently represented in the 20th Congress by Ann Matibag of Lakas–CMD.
History of Kyrgyzstan
The history of the Kyrgyz people and the land now called Kyrgyzstan goes back more than 3,000 years. Although geographically isolated by its mountainous location, it had an important role as part of the historical Silk Road trade route. Turkic nomads, who trace their ancestry to many Turkic states such as the First and Second Turkic Khaganates, have inhabited the country throughout its history. In the 13th century, Kyrgyzstan was conquered by the Mongols; subsequently it regained independence but was invaded by Kalmyks, Manchus, and Uzbeks. In 1876, it became part of the Russian Empire, remaining in the USSR as the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic after the Russian Revolution. Following Mikhail Gorbachev's democratic reforms in the USSR, in 1990 pro-independence candidate Askar Akayev was elected president of the SSR. On 31 August 1991, Kyrgyzstan declared independence from Moscow, and a democratic government was subsequently established.

Askar Akayev
Askar Akayevich Akayev (Kyrgyz: Аскар Акай уулу Акаев, IPA: [ɑsˈqɑr ɑˌχɑj‿uːˈɫʊ ɑˈχajɪf]; born 10 November 1944) is a Kyrgyz former politician who served as President of Kyrgyzstan from 1990 until being overthrown in the March 2005 Tulip Revolution.
Charles Cooper Nott Jr.
Charles Cooper Nott Jr. (October 10, 1869 – May 10, 1957) was an American attorney and jurist. He served as judge of the New York General Sessions Court from 1913 to 1939. In 1919 anarchists were planting a bomb on his doorstep when it prematurely exploded killing both of the bombers. In 1922 he presided over the obscenity case of James Branch Cabell and Robert Medill McBride for the novel, Jurgen, A Comedy of Justice. In 1939 he presided over the second trial of James Joseph Hines.

Jurgen: A Comedy of Justice
Jurgen: A Comedy of Justice is a fantasy novel by American writer James Branch Cabell published in 1919. It is a humorous romp through a medieval cosmos, including a send-up of Arthurian legend, and excursions to Heaven and Hell as in The Divine Comedy.  Cabell's work is recognized as a landmark in the creation of the comic fantasy novel, influencing Terry Pratchett and many others.
698 Ernestina
698 Ernestina (prov. designation: A910 ED or 1910 JX) is a background asteroid, approximately 27 kilometers (17 miles) in diameter, located in the outer regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 5 March 1910, by German astronomer Joseph Helffrich at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory. The presumed carbonaceous C-type asteroid has a rotation period of 5.0 hours. It was named after Ernst Wolf, son of German astronomer and prolific discoverer of minor planets, Max Wolf.

Max Wolf
Maximilian Franz Joseph Cornelius Wolf (21 June 1863 – 3 October 1932) was a German astronomer and a pioneer in the field of astrophotography. He was the chairman of astronomy at the University of Heidelberg and director of the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory from 1902 until his death in 1932.
Dawson Range (British Columbia)
The Dawson Range is a subrange of the Selkirk Mountains of the Columbia Mountains in southeastern British Columbia, Canada, located southeast of Rogers Pass in Glacier National Park. The highest point is Mount Dawson. Other peaks of the range include Mount Selwyn, Mount Donkin, and Mount Fox. The range is named for George Dawson, explorer and surveyor of British Columbia.

Mount Fox (Selkirk Mountains)
Mount Fox in the Selkirk Mountains of Canada was named, by William Green, in honour of Harry Fox who perished with William Donkin and two Swiss guides, in the Caucasus Mountains. Mount Donkin is nearby.

Harry Fox (30 September 1856 – on or after 30 August 1888) was an English gentleman (also lived at Tone Dale House, Wellington, Somerset, England) who was a sportsman and adventurer. He played cricket and rugby for his country, and began climbing mountains in the mid-1880s.

In 1884 he started mountaineering, and within two years he was well known in the mountain climbing community, and a well-regarded alpine explorer. In 1888, he travelled with William Frederick Donkin to the Caucasus Mountains in the Russian Empire in a bid to be the first people to climb Koshtan-Tau, but the pair, along with their Swiss guides, died in an accident.

For the purposes of his will, Fox's death was recorded as being "on or since the 30th August, 1888, at some place unknown."
Bruhathkayosaurus
Bruhathkayosaurus (/bruːˌhæθkeɪoʊˈsɔːrəs/; meaning "huge-bodied lizard") is a genus of sauropod dinosaur found in the Kallamedu Formation of India. The fragmentary remains were originally described as a theropod, but it was later determined to be a titanosaur sauropod. Length estimates by researchers exceed those of the titanosaur Argentinosaurus, as longer than 35 metres (115 ft) and weighing over 80 tonnes. A 2023 estimate placed Bruhathkayosaurus as potentially weighing 110–170 tonnes (110–170 long tons; 120–190 short tons), with paleontologist Michael Benton, estimating a length of 45 metres (148 ft). If the upper estimates of the 2023 records are accurate, Bruhathkayosaurus may have rivaled the blue whale as one of the largest animals to ever exist. However, all of the estimates are based on the dimensions of the fossils described in 1987, but these fossils have since disintegrated and no longer exist, making it impossible to affirm these estimates.

Kallamedu Formation
The Kallamedu Formation is a Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) geologic formation located in the Ariyalur district of Tamil Nadu, India that forms part of the Ariyalur Group. It dates to the Maastrichtian of the Late Cretaceous. Dinosaur remains and petrified wood samples are among the known fossils recovered from this formation.
Middle-earth in video games
There are many video games that have been inspired by J. R. R. Tolkien's works set in Middle-earth. Titles have been produced by studios such as Electronic Arts, Vivendi Games, Melbourne House, and Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment.

Vivendi Games
Vivendi Games was an American video game publisher and holding company based in Los Angeles. It was founded in 1996 as CUC Software, the publishing subsidiary of CUC International, after the latter acquired video game companies Davidson & Associates and Sierra On-Line. Between 1997 and 2001, the company switched parents and names multiple times before ending up organized under Vivendi Universal (later renamed Vivendi). On July 10, 2008, Vivendi Games merged with Activision to create Activision Blizzard.
White-lined chipboard
White-lined chipboard (also referred to as WLC, GD, GT or UD) is a grade of paperboard typically made from layers of waste paper or recycled fibers. Most often it comes with two to three layers of coating on the top and one layer on the reverse side. Because of its recycled content it will be grey from the inside.
The main end use for this type of board is for packaging of frozen or chilled food, cereals, shoes, toys and others.

Health risks have been associated with using recycled material in direct food contact. Swiss studies have shown that recycled material can contain significant portions of mineral oil, which may migrate into packed foods. (Mineral oil levels of up to 19.4 mg/kg were found in rice packed in recycled board.)

Coated paper
Coated paper (also known as enamel paper, gloss paper, and thin paper) is paper that has been coated with a mixture of materials or a polymer to impart certain qualities to the paper, including weight, surface gloss, smoothness, or reduced ink absorbency. Various materials, including kaolinite, calcium carbonate, bentonite, and talc, can be used to coat paper for high-quality printing, such as that used in the packaging industry and in magazines.

The chalk or china clay is bound to the paper with synthetic viscosifiers, such as styrene-butadiene latexes and natural organic binders such as starch. The coating formulation may also contain chemical additives as dispersants, resins, or polyethylene to give water resistance and wet strength to the paper, or to protect against ultraviolet radiation.

Coated papers have been traditionally used for printing magazines.