hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Coffee production in Guam
Coffee production in Guam is limited to local consumption. Like cacao, coffee has been introduced to and thrives in Guam. In the early 20th century, coffee was described as one Guam's most common plants, growing about most of the dwelling houses, and nearly every family has its cultivated patch. The climate and soil of the island is well adapted to it, producing the crop from sea level to the hill tops.

Coffee production
Coffee production is the industrial process of converting the raw fruit (the coffee cherry) of the coffee plant into finished coffee beans. About eight months after coffee cherries appear on a coffee plant, the cherries are harvested either by hand or by machine. Then they are, depending on the method, pulped and then dried or simply set out to dry. After this, the beans are stripped of their remaining dry skin and fruit residue. Once they are cleaned, sorted, and graded, they are suitable for distribution. While all green coffee, produced from immature coffee beans, is processed, the method that is used to process coffee varies, and significantly affects the flavor of coffee once it is roasted and brewed. Coffee production is a major source of income for 12.5 million households, most in developing countries.
John Pyper-Ferguson
John Pyper-Ferguson (born February 27, 1964) is a Canadian actor. He has appeared in a wide range of films and television shows. His notable works include playing Sonny Hamilton on Hamilton's Quest, Peter Hutter on The Adventures of Brisco County, Jr., and Joe Whedon on Brothers & Sisters. He also portrayed Tomas Vergis on the science fiction drama television series Caprica, Tex on the TNT television series The Last Ship, James Kendrick on Burn Notice and as Jack Soloff on USA Network's television series Suits.

Jack & Jill (TV series)
Jack & Jill is an American comedy-drama television series created and produced by Randi Mayem Singer. It ran from September 26, 1999, to April 15, 2001, on The WB. The series stars Ivan Sergei, Amanda Peet, Sarah Paulson, Jaime Pressly, Justin Kirk, and Simon Rex.
Pretzien
Pretzien is a village and a former municipality in the district of Salzlandkreis, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2009, it is part of the town Schönebeck.

In June 2004 there was a scandal after some newspapers reported, that some neo-nazis had burned the book The Diary of a Young Girl (by Anne Frank) at a public celebration of Solstice on 24 June. Pritzien Mayor Friedrich Harwig had supported the right winged club Heimat-Bund Ostelbien e.V., which had organized the celebration. The club had been founded by former members of the NPD.

Salzlandkreis
Salzland is a district in the middle of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Its area is 1,428.1 km2 (551.4 sq mi). It is bounded by (from the west and clockwise) the districts Harz, Börde, Magdeburg, Jerichower Land, Anhalt-Bitterfeld, Mansfeld-Südharz and Saalekreis.
Herman Tucker
Herman Tucker (September 2, 1928 – March 14, 2001) was an American truck driver and heavy equipment operator from Neshoba County, Mississippi who was implicated in the murder of three civil rights workers in June 1964. Prosecutors alleged that Tucker used a bulldozer to bury the bodies of James Chaney, Andrew Goodman, and Michael Schwerner in an earthen dam on Olen Burrage's farm. A jury acquitted Tucker in 1967.

James Chaney
James Earl Chaney (May 30, 1943 – June 21, 1964) was an American civil rights activist. He was one of three Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) civil rights workers murdered in Philadelphia, Mississippi, by members of the Ku Klux Klan on June 21, 1964. The others were Andrew Goodman and Michael Schwerner from New York City.
Svøufallet
Svøufallet is a waterfall in Sunndal Municipality, in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The 246-metre (807 ft) tall waterfall is located in the Jenstadjuvet gorge, along the river Grødøla, which is a tributary of the larger river Driva. The waterfall is located about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) southwest of the village of Gjøra which sits roughly halfway between the villages of Sunndalsøra and Oppdal.

The waterfall begins slowly with several smaller drops before reaching the edge of the gorge where it drops 167 metres (548 ft) to the river below.  The falls are an average of 18 metres (59 ft) wide.  The river pushes an average of 3 cubic metres per second (110 cu ft/s) over the falls year-round, with the best flow occurring during the summer.  The waterfall is located within the Åmotan-Grøvudalen Nature Reserve.

Sunndalsøra
Sunndalsøraⓘ is the administrative centre of Sunndal Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The village of Sunndalsøra lies at the mouth of the river Driva at the beginning of the Sunndalsfjord. Sunndalsøra is surrounded by steep mountains, such as Hårstadnebba, which reach elevations as high as 1,700 metres (5,600 ft). Some of these mountains around Sunndalsøra are used for BASE jumping.

The 3.61-square-kilometre (890-acre) village has a population (2024) of 4,207 and a population density of 1,165 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,020/sq mi).
Roy Butler (American politician)
Roy Anderson Butler, Sr. (March 31, 1926 – November 13, 2009), was an American politician and businessman who served as the 47th mayor of Austin from 1971 to 1975.

Butler was the first Austin mayor directly elected by city voters. Prior to his 1971 election, Austin mayors had been appointed by the Austin City Council.

Mayor of Austin
The mayor of Austin is the official head of the city of Austin in the U.S. state of Texas. The office was established in 1840 after Austin incorporated as a city in 1839. The mayor of Austin is elected to a four-year term and limited to serving no more than two terms.

Kirk Watson took office as mayor on January 6, 2023, for a third term and was re-elected to a fourth term in 2024, having served as mayor from 1997 to 2001.
Sigmund R. Petersen
Rear Admiral Sigmund Rorgard Petersen (22 November 1936 – 24 January 2024) was a career officer who served in the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey Corps, its successor, the Environmental Science Services Administration Corps (ESSA Corps), and the ESSA Corps's successor, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps (NOAA Corps). He served as the fourth Director of the NOAA Corps.

Hydrography
Hydrography is the branch of applied sciences which deals with the measurement and description of the physical features of oceans, seas, coastal areas, lakes and rivers, as well as with the prediction of their change over time, for the primary purpose of safety of navigation and in support of all other marine activities, including economic development, security and defense, scientific research, and environmental protection.
Battle of Tétouan
The Battle of Tétouan (Arabic: معركة تطوان, Spanish: Batalla de Tetuán) was fought from 4 to 6 February 1860, near Tétouan, Morocco, between a Spanish Army sent to North Africa and the tribal levies which at the time made up the Moroccan Army. The battle was part of the Hispano–Moroccan War of 1859–1860.

Juan de Zavala
Juan de Zavala y de la Puente, 1st Marquess of Sierra Bullones (27 December 1804, in Lima, Viceroyalty of Peru – 29 December 1879, in Madrid, Spain) was a Spanish nobleman and politician. After fighting in the First Carlist War, the Marquess served as Prime Minister of Spain.

He was the son of Pedro José de Zavala y Bravo de Rivero, 7th Marquess of San Lorenzo, and Grimanesa de la Puente y Bravo de Lagunas, marchioness de la Puente.
James Sowerby (1815–1834)
James Sowerby (1815–1834) was a British botanical artist and mycologist, son of James De Carle Sowerby, grandson of James Sowerby. He published the small book The Mushroom and Champignon Illustrated: Compared With, and Distinguished From, the Poisonous Fungi that Resemble Them.

James Sowerby
James Sowerby (21 March 1757 – 25 October 1822) was an English naturalist, illustrator and mineralogist. Contributions to published works, such as A Specimen of the Botany of New Holland or English Botany, include his detailed and appealing plates. The use of vivid colour and accessible texts was intended to reach a widening audience in works of natural history. The standard author abbreviation Sowerby is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.
Shriya Boppana
Shriya Boppana (born January 8, 1999) is an Indian-American beauty pageant titleholder, award-winning activist, and on-air personality who was crowned as the winner of Miss India America 2020, Miss Grand US Virgin Islands 2024, and Miss Grand India USA 2025. Boppana is a broadcast journalist currently at WDCA (locally known as "FOX 5 Plus") in Washington, D.C. and a consulting analyst at Accenture.

Fuqua School of Business
The Duke University Fuqua School of Business (pronounced /ˈfjuːkwə/) is the business school of Duke University, a private research university in Durham, North Carolina. It enrolls more than 1,300 students in degree-seeking programs. Duke Executive Education also offers non-degree business education and professional development programs.
Betonica
Betonica is a genus of the plants in the family Lamiaceae.

Betonica was until recently usually included in the genus Stachys as a subgenus Stachys subg. Betonica (L.) Bhattacharjee, but was separated at genus rank from Stachys when a detailed morphological examination showed clear consistent differences in both the foliage and flowers, valid at a higher rank than the previous treatment as just a subgenus. This has been confirmed by genetic study, which shows Betonica is separate from Stachys and more closely related to the hemp-nettles Galeopsis.

Stachys
Stachys is a genus of plants, one of the largest in the mint family Lamiaceae. Estimates of the number of species vary from about 300 to about 450. Plants of the World Online accepts 373 species. Stachys is in the subfamily Lamioideae and its type species is Stachys sylvatica. The precise extent of the genus and its relationship to other genera in the subfamily are poorly known.
Psylliodes luridipennis
Psylliodes luridipennis, commonly known as the Lundy cabbage flea beetle or the bronze Lundy cabbage flea beetle, is a species of flea beetle endemic to the island of Lundy, where it lives and feeds upon the endemic Lundy cabbage (Coincya wrightii). Along with the true weevil Ceutorhynchus insularis, formerly  Ceutorhynchus contractus var. pallipes and an undescribed race of flea beetle Psylliodes napi, it is known only from the Lundy cabbage. The species was first recorded by Thomas Vernon Wollaston in the 1840s, and was named by the Austrian entomologist Franz Kutschera in 1864.

Adult Lundy cabbage flea beetle measure around 3 millimetres (0.12 in) in length. They have brassy-green heads and bodies, with reddish-brown elytra. The adults feed upon the leaves of the Lundy cabbage, while the larvae mine into the plants to feed. The species is threatened by fluctuating numbers of Lundy cabbages, particularly due to invasive common rhododendrons (Rhododendron ponticum).

Flea beetle
The flea beetle is any small, jumping beetle of the leaf beetle family (Chrysomelidae) that is part of the tribe Alticini, which is part of the subfamily Galerucinae. Historically the flea beetles were classified as their own subfamily.

Traditionally, the Alticini were separated from other Galerucinae by the presence of jumping hind legs, characterised by enlarged femora containing a spring structure allowing the flea beetles to jump. Recent phylogenetic studies suggest that jumping hind legs evolved multiple times in the Galerucinae, rather than once, and that several genera should be transferred between Alticini and Galerucinae sensu stricto (or Galerucini in some classifications).
Kosmos 775
Kosmos 775 (Russian: Космос 775 meaning Cosmos 775) is a Soviet US-KS missile early warning satellite which was launched in 1975 as part of the Oko programme. The satellite is designed to identify missile launches using optical telescopes and infrared sensors.

Kosmos 775 was launched from Site 81/23 at Baikonur Cosmodrome in the Kazakh SSR. A Proton-K carrier rocket with a DM upper stage was used to perform the launch, which took place at 00:30 UTC on 8 October 1975. The launch attempted to place the satellite into geostationary orbit. It subsequently received its Kosmos designation, and the international designator 1975-097A. The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 8357.

It was the first US-KS satellite and was never operational. Podvig says its orbit was never stabilised, NASA's National Space Science Data Centre says it exploded. The next launch of one of these craft was Kosmos 1546 in 1984.

Oko
Oko (Old Russian: Око, lit. 'Eye') is a Russian (previously Soviet) missile defence early warning programme consisting of satellites in Molniya and geosynchronous orbits. Oko satellites are used to identify launches of ballistic missiles by detection of their engines' exhaust plume in infrared light, and complement other early warning facilities such as Voronezh, Daryal and Dnepr radars. The information provided by these sensors can be used for the A-135 anti-ballistic missile system which defends Moscow. The satellites are run by the Russian Aerospace Forces, and previously the Russian Aerospace Defence Forces and Russian Space Forces. Since November 2015, it is being replaced by the new EKS system.
1951 Grand National
The 1951 Grand National was the 105th renewal of the Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England, on 7 April 1951.

A crowd of 250,000 people saw the race won by Nickel Coin at odds of 40/1. The nine-year-old mare was ridden by jockey John Bullock and trained by Jack O'Donoghue. Royal Tan, who won in 1954, finished second, and Derrinstown was third. An unprecedented twelve horses (a third of the field) went at the first fence- either falling or being brought down. Of the 36 runners, only three completed the course. All of the horses returned safely to the stables.

In the long history of the Grand National only 13 mares have won the race, Nickel Coin being the most recent.

Aintree Racecourse
Aintree Racecourse is a racecourse in Aintree, Merseyside, England, near to Liverpool. The racecourse is the venue for the Grand National steeplechase, which takes place annually in April over three days. Aintree also holds meetings in May, October (Sunday), November and December (both Saturdays).

The Aintree Racecourse had suffered three major disruptions in post-war history, starting with the 1993 Grand National due to a series of false starts and no winner was announced, followed by the 1997 Grand National, postponed to Monday because of an IRA bomb threat and the 2023 Grand National was delayed due to Animal Rights protesters.
Moghiyon
Moghiyon (Tajik: Моғиён) is a village and jamoat in western Tajikistan. It is part of the city of Panjakent in Sughd Region. The jamoat has a total population of 19,553 (2015). It consists of 12 villages, including Puli Girdob (the seat), Ghezani Bolo and Ghezani-Poyon.

Jamoats of Tajikistan
The jamoats of Tajikistan (Russian: джамоаты, romanized: dzhamoaty; Tajik: ҷамоати деҳот, romanized: jamoati dehot, "village communes") are the third-level administrative divisions, similar to communes or municipalities, in the Central Asian country of Tajikistan. As of January 2020, there are 368 rural jamoats, 65 towns and 18 cities in Tajikistan. Each jamoat is further subdivided into villages (or deha or qyshqol)

The jamoats and towns, and their population figures (as of January 2015) by district of each region are listed below:
Izadkhast-e Baseri
Izadkhaast-e Baseri (Persian: ايزدخواست باصري, also Romanized as Īzadkhāst-e Bāşerī; also known as Īzadkhāst) is a village in Darian Rural District, in the Central District of Shiraz County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,642, in 389 families.

Darian Rural District
Darian Rural District (Persian: دهستان داريان) is in Darian District of Shiraz County, Fars province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Dowdej. The rural district was previously administered from the city of Darian.
Ivan Klasnić
Ivan Klasnić (Croatian pronunciation: [ˈiʋan ˈklasnitɕ]; born 29 January 1980) is a Croatian former professional footballer who played as a striker.

He began his career with local side FC St. Pauli, and moved to Werder Bremen in 2001 after helping his previous team to promotion to the Bundesliga. He scored 49 league goals in 151 appearances with Werder Bremen, winning a league and cup double in 2004. After a season in France with Nantes, he moved to English Premier League team Bolton Wanderers in 2009, initially on loan. After their relegation in 2012, he spent a season back in Germany with Mainz.

Klasnić played also for the Croatia national team. In 2007, Klasnić underwent a kidney transplant, and became the first player to participate in a major tournament (UEFA Euro 2008) after a transplant. He also represented Croatia at UEFA Euro 2004 and the 2006 FIFA World Cup.

DFL-Ligapokal
The DFL-Ligapokal (German: [ˈdeː ʔɛf ɛlː liːgaːpoˈkaːl], officially Premiere Ligapokal [pʁəmiːeːʁə liːgaːpoˈkaːl], previously DFB-Ligapokal [ˈdeː ʔɛf beː liːgaːpoˈkaːl]) or the German League Cup was a German football competition that took place before the start of the Bundesliga season, featuring the top five teams of the previous Bundesliga season and the winners of the DFB-Pokal in Germany. The cup was known as the Premiere-Ligapokal after 2005, when Premiere, a German pay television network, took up sponsorship of the competition. The Ligapokal was not held in 2008 due to schedule crowding caused by the UEFA Euro 2008. Instead, the German Supercup was held on 23 July. The Ligapokal was not held in 2009 either, due to the German Football Association's decision to abolish it. In the final edition of the Ligapokal in 2007, the fifth-placed Bundesliga team (Bayer Leverkusen) was dropped from the competition, replaced by the winner of the 2. Bundesliga (Karlsruhe).
2024–25 UT Rio Grande Valley Vaqueros men's basketball team
The 2024–25 UT Rio Grande Valley Vaqueros men's basketball team represented the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley in the 2024–25 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The season marked the first season as a member of the Southland Conference leaving the Western Athletic Conference in 2024. They were led by first-year head coach Kahil Fennell and played their home games at UTRGV Fieldhouse as members of the Southland Conference (SLC). The Vaqueros finished the 2024–25 season 16–15, 8–12 in conference play to finish in ninth place.  Failing to qualify for the SLC tournament, the Vaqueros' season ended with a 77–76 victory over Southeastern Louisiana.

2024–25 NCAA Division I men's basketball season
The 2024–25 NCAA Division I men's basketball season began on November 4, 2024. The regular season ended on March 16, 2025, with the 2025 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament that began with the First Four on March 18 and ended with the championship game at the Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas, on April 7.
Colonial history of Angola
The colonial history of Angola is usually considered to run from the appearance of the Portuguese under Diogo Cão in 1482 (Congo) or 1484 (Angolan coast) until the independence of Angola in November 1975. Settlement did not begin until Novais's establishment of São Paulo de Loanda (Luanda) in 1575, however, and the Portuguese government only formally incorporated Angola as a colony in 1655 or on May 12, 1886.

Imbangala
The Imbangala or Mbangala were divided groups of warriors and marauders who worked as hired mercenaries in 17th-century Angola and later founded the Kasanje Kingdom. They served both the Portuguese Empire and its regional enemies at different periods.
John Earl Coleman
John Earl Coleman (26 March 1930 – 22 November 2012) was a teacher of Vipassanā (insight) meditation, a form of meditation in Theravada Buddhism. He was born in Tresckow, a mining town in Pennsylvania. After attending his studies, he entered the US Army in the 1950s and served in Korea during the war. Afterwards he joined the newly formed Central Intelligence Agency, and was stationed in Thailand in the late 1950s and early 1960s. He worked officially for the Southeast Asia (SEA) Supply Corporation, advisers to the government of Thailand, as a specialist in criminology.

S. N. Goenka
Satya Narayana Goenka (ISO 15919: Satyanārāyaṇa Gōyaṅkā; Burmese: ဦးဂိုအင်ကာ, MLCTS: u: gui ang ka; 30 January 1924 – 29 September 2013) was an Indian teacher of vipassanā meditation. Born in Burma to an Indian business family, he moved to India in 1969 and started teaching meditation. His teaching emphasised that the Buddha's path to liberation was non-sectarian, universal, and scientific in character. He became an influential teacher and played an important role in establishing non-commercial Vipassana meditation centers globally. He was awarded the Padma Bhushan by the Government of India in 2012, an award given for distinguished service of high order.
Phenprobamate
Phenprobamate (Gamaquil, Isotonil, Actozine) is a centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, with additional sedative and anticonvulsant effects. Its mechanism of action is probably similar to meprobamate. Phenprobamate has been used in humans as an anxiolytic, and is still sometimes used in general anesthesia and for treating muscle cramps and spasticity.  Phenprobamate is still used and available OTC in some European countries, but it has generally been replaced by newer drugs. It has been sold labeled as a nootropic. Phenprobamate is metabolized by oxidative degradation of the carbamate group and ortho-hydroxylation of the benzene ring, and is eliminated in urine by the kidneys.

Doses range from 400 to 800 mg, up to 3 times a day.

Muscle relaxant
A muscle relaxant is a drug that affects skeletal muscle function and decreases the muscle tone. It may be used to alleviate symptoms such as muscle spasms, pain, and hyperreflexia. The term "muscle relaxant" is used to refer to two major therapeutic groups: neuromuscular blockers and spasmolytics. Neuromuscular blockers act by interfering with transmission at the neuromuscular end plate and have no central nervous system (CNS) activity. They are often used during surgical procedures and in intensive care and emergency medicine to cause temporary paralysis. Spasmolytics, also known as "centrally acting" muscle relaxants, are used to alleviate musculoskeletal pain and spasms and to reduce spasticity in a variety of neurological conditions. While both neuromuscular blockers and spasmolytics are often grouped together as muscle relaxants, the term is commonly used to refer to spasmolytics only.
Hollywood/Vine station
Hollywood/Vine station is an underground rapid transit (known locally as a subway) station on the B Line of the Los Angeles Metro Rail system. It is located below the iconic Hollywood and Vine intersection of Hollywood Boulevard and Vine Street, after which the station is named, in the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood.

The central station of the three subway stops in Hollywood, within walking distance of many important Hollywood landmarks including the Capitol Records Building, CBS Columbia Square, The Fonda Theatre, Hollywood Palladium and Pantages Theatre. The station is also below the Hollywood Walk of Fame and close to the Gower Gulch.

CBS Columbia Square
CBS Columbia Square (also called Columbia Studio) was the home of CBS's Los Angeles radio and television operations from 1938 until 2007. Located at 6121 Sunset Boulevard in the Hollywood neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, United States, the building housed the CBS Radio Network's West Coast facilities, as well as CBS's original Los Angeles radio stations, KNX and KCBS-FM. KNXT-TV, Channel 2 (now KCBS-TV) moved into the complex in 1960, and the CBS's West Coast network operations were based there until it moved to the larger CBS Television City in November 1952. After its purchase by CBS in 2002, KCAL-TV moved to the Square from studios adjacent to CBS's corporate sibling Paramount Pictures. Between 2004 and 2007 all of these operations moved to other facilities in the Los Angeles area.