hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Amba Aradam Formation
The Amba Aradam Formation is a Cretaceous sandstone formation in Ethiopia. It is up to 200 metres thick, for instance in the Degua Tembien district. As fossils are absent, the age of the Amba Aradam Formation was interpreted based on the age of assumed corresponding sandstones elsewhere in Ethiopia: the Debre Libanos Sandstones in the Blue Nile Basin, and the Upper Sandstone near Harrar in southeast Ethiopia, both of Late Cretaceous age (100–66 million years ago). The lithology of the Amba Aradam Formation makes it less suitable for rock church excavation; caves have however been blasted in this formation to serve as headquarters for the TPLF during the Ethiopian Civil War of the 1980s.

Siltstone
Siltstone, also known as aleurolite, is a clastic sedimentary rock that is composed mostly of silt. It is a form of mudrock with a low clay mineral content, which can be distinguished from shale by its lack of fissility.

Although its permeability and porosity is relatively low, siltstone is sometimes a tight gas reservoir rock, an unconventional reservoir for natural gas that requires hydraulic fracturing for production to be economical.

Siltstone was prized in ancient Egypt for manufacturing statuary and cosmetic palettes. The siltstone quarried at Wadi Hammamat was a hard, fine-grained siltstone that resisted flaking and was almost ideal for such uses.
Bahira
Bahira (Arabic: بَحِيرَىٰ, Classical Syriac: ܒܚܝܪܐ) is the name in Islamic tradition of a Christian monk who is said to have foretold Muhammad's prophethood when they met while Muhammad was accompanying his uncle Abu Talib on a trading trip. There are several versions of the story, with elements that contradict each other. All accounts of Bahira and his meeting with Muhammad have been deemed fictitious by modern historians as well as by some medieval Muslim scholars, such as al-Dhahabi.

Richard A. Gabriel
Richard A. Gabriel is an American historian and author.

He is a former adjunct professor in the Department of History and War Studies at the Royal Military College of Canada and in the Department of Defence Studies at the Canadian Forces College in Toronto.

He is the author of books including Scipio Africanus: Rome’s Greatest General, Hannibal: The Military Biography of Rome’s Greatest Enemy, The Great Armies of Antiquity, Man and Wound in the Ancient World  and Military Incompetence. David Olle of  Nyjournalofbooks praised Gabriel's writing style as "accessible and engaging."
A Night in the Show
A Night in the Show is a 1915 film and Charlie Chaplin's 12th for Essanay. It was made at Majestic Studio in Los Angeles. Chaplin played two roles: one as Mr. Pest and one as Mr. Rowdy. The film was created from Chaplin's stage work from a play called Mumming Birds (a.k.a. A Night in an English Music Hall in the United States) with the Karno Company from London. Chaplin performed this play during his U.S. tours with Fred Karno's company and decided to bring one of the classic music hall sketches into his film work. Edna Purviance played a minor role as a woman in the audience.

Essanay Studios
Essanay Studios, officially the Essanay Film Manufacturing Company, was an early American motion picture studio. The studio was founded in 1907 in Chicago by George Kirke Spoor and Gilbert M. Anderson, originally as the Peerless Film Manufacturing Company, then as Essanay (formed by the founders' initials: S and A) on August 10, 1907. Essanay is probably best known today for its series of Charlie Chaplin comedies produced in 1915–1916. In late 1916, it merged distribution with other studios and stopped issuing films in the fall of 1918. According to film historian Steve Massa, Essanay is one of the important early studios, with comedies as a particular strength. Founders Spoor and Anderson were subsequently awarded special Academy Awards for pioneering contributions to film.
Mugulü
Mugulü (Chinese: 木骨閭; pinyin: Mùgǔlǘ) was a legendary warrior and chieftain in the Mongolian Plateau during the period when it was under the rule of tribes and peoples originating from the fragmentation of the failed and crumbling Xianbei confederation. The term "Mongol" is a likely derivation from his name.

Tuoba Liwei
Tuoba Liwei (Chinese: 拓跋力微; pinyin: Tuòbá Lìwéi) (174–277) was the first leader of the Tuoba-Xianbei tribe who lived during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He was the ancestor of the future Northern Wei dynasty and was thus posthumously honored as Emperor Shenyuan, with the temple name Shizu. Later, Emperor Wen of Western Wei changed his temple name to Taizu.
Gmina Ostrów
Gmina Ostrów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Ropczyce-Sędziszów County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Ostrów, which lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) west of Ropczyce and 30 km (19 mi) west of the regional capital Rzeszów.

The gmina covers an area of 96.62 square kilometres (37.3 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 6,808.

Ropczyce-Sędziszów County
Ropczyce-Sędziszów County (Polish: powiat ropczycko-sędziszowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Subcarpathian Voivodeship, south-eastern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Ropczyce, which lies 28 kilometres (17 mi) west of the regional capital Rzeszów. The only other town in the county is Sędziszów Małopolski, lying 6 km (4 mi) east of Ropczyce.

The county covers an area of 548.89 square kilometres (211.9 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 74,416, out of which the population of Ropczyce is 15,836, that of Sędziszów Małopolski is 12,357, and the rural population is 46,223.
Scansion
Scansion (/ˈskæn.ʃən/ SKAN-shən, rhymes with mansion; verb: to scan), or a system of scansion, is the method or practice of determining and (usually) graphically representing the metrical pattern of a line of verse.  In classical poetry, these patterns are quantitative based on the different lengths of each syllable, while in English poetry, they are based on the different levels of stress placed on each syllable.  In both cases, the meter often has a regular foot.  Over the years, many systems have been established to mark the scansion of a poem.

Paul Fussell
Paul Fussell Jr. (22 March 1924 – 23 May 2012) was an American cultural and literary historian, author and university professor. His writings cover a variety of topics, from scholarly works on eighteenth-century English literature to commentary on America's class system. Fussell served in the 103rd Infantry Division during World War II and was wounded in fighting in France. Returning to the US, Fussell wrote extensively and held several faculty positions, most prominently at Rutgers University (1955–1983) and at the University of Pennsylvania (1983–1994). He is best known for his writings about World War I and II, which explore what he felt was the gap between the romantic myth and the reality of war; he made a "career out of refusing to disguise it or elevate it".
Fort Custer National Cemetery
Fort Custer National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located just outside the village of Augusta in Kalamazoo County, Michigan. It encompasses 770.4 acres (311.8 ha), and as of 2022 had 33,000 interments.

United States National Cemetery System
The United States National Cemetery System is a system of 164 military cemeteries in the United States and its territories. The authority to create military burial places came during the American Civil War, in an act passed by the U.S. Congress on July 17, 1862.  By the end of 1862, 12 national cemeteries had been established. Two of the nation's most iconic military cemeteries, Arlington National Cemetery which is under the jurisdiction of the Department of the Army, and Gettysburg National Cemetery, under the jurisdiction of the National Park Service, were established in 1864 and 1863, respectively.
Athletics at the 2003 Pan American Games – Men's 4 × 100 metres relay
The men's 4 × 100 metres relay event at the 2003 Pan American Games was held on August 8–9. The original winners, the United States, were later disqualified after one of their members, Mickey Grimes, was found guilty of ephedrine doping.

Athletics at the 2003 Pan American Games
The athletics competition at the 2003 Pan American Games was held in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, from Tuesday, August 5, to Saturday, August 9, 2003. The competition comprised track and field events plus marathon races and three racewalking events, with a total of 46 contests taking place.
Princeton School District
Princeton School District is located in Princeton, Wisconsin. The district has one K-12 school on Old Green Lake Road in the city of Princeton.

The district is mostly in Green Lake County. In addition to the city, it includes most of Princeton Town and parts of St. Marie Town.

A portion is in Marquette County. The district there includes most of Mecan Town, much of Neshkoro Town, and parts of Shields Town.

Marquette County, Wisconsin
Marquette County is a county located in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 15,592. Its county seat is Montello. The county was created in 1836 from the Wisconsin Territory and organized in 1848. The county is considered a high-recreation retirement destination by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Martha Wadsworth
Martha (Mattie) Wadsworth (1862-1943) was an amateur entomologist and one of the first women to publish in Entomological News. She had long-term correspondence with Philip P. Calvert, and the species Celithemis martha was named in her honor by Edward Bruce Williamson.

She lived in Rural Maine, and published a short paper in volume 1 of Entomological News in 1890 about the dragonflies of Manchester, Maine, subsequently publishing there 5 more times. She discovered a dragonfly, ‘’Celithemis martha’’, near her home, which was then named after her.

Edward Bruce Williamson
Edward Bruce Williamson (July 10, 1877  – February 28, 1933) was an American banker and amateur naturalist who took a special interest in the odonata. He has been considered one of the giants of North American dragonfly studies. He also took an interest in gardening and was involved in creating several hybrid irises. The rare dragonfly genus Williamsonia was named after him and it currently includes two species including Williamsonia fletcheri which was described by him in 1923.
2021–22 Basketball Cup of Serbia
The 2021–22 Basketball Cup of Serbia is the 16th season of the Serbian 2nd-tier men's cup tournament.

Finalists Borac Zemun and Radnički Kragujevac got qualified for the 2022 Radivoj Korać Cup. In the final, Borac won over Radnički.

Basketball Cup of Serbia
The BFS Cup (Serbian Cyrillic: Куп KSS), commonly known as the Cup of Serbia (Serbian Cyrillic: Куп Србије), or the League Cup of Serbia (Serbian Cyrillic: Лига куп Србије), is the 2nd-tier national basketball cup of Serbia. It is run by the Basketball Federation of Serbia.

Prior to 2006, the Cup was organized as a state cup of Serbia, within Serbia and Montenegro (formerly FR Yugoslavia).
Matrix t-distribution
In statistics, the matrix t-distribution (or matrix variate t-distribution) is the generalization of the multivariate t-distribution from vectors to matrices.

The matrix t-distribution shares the same relationship with the multivariate t-distribution that the matrix normal distribution shares with the multivariate normal distribution: If the matrix has only one row, or only one column, the distributions become equivalent to the corresponding (vector-)multivariate distribution. The matrix t-distribution is the compound distribution that results from an infinite mixture of a matrix normal distribution with an inverse Wishart distribution placed over either of its covariance matrices, and the multivariate t-distribution can be generated in a similar way.

In a Bayesian analysis of a multivariate linear regression model based on the matrix normal distribution, the matrix t-distribution is the posterior predictive distribution.

Inverse-Wishart distribution
In statistics, the inverse Wishart distribution, also called the inverted Wishart distribution, is a probability distribution defined on real-valued positive-definite matrices.  In Bayesian statistics it is used as the conjugate prior for the covariance matrix of a multivariate normal distribution.

We say  follows an inverse Wishart distribution, denoted as , if its inverse  has a Wishart distribution . Important identities have been derived for the inverse-Wishart distribution.
Laci Mosley
Laci Risë Mosley (born July 4, 1991) is an American actress, comedian and podcaster. She performs improv comedy at UCB Los Angeles and co-starred in the Pop comedy series Florida Girls. Mosley is best known for her podcast Scam Goddess, which focuses on historical and contemporary scams and cons. She was a cast member on Florida Girls, A Black Lady Sketch Show, Lopez vs Lopez, and the iCarly revival series. As of 2025 Mosley is a main cast member on Fox comedy Going Dutch and the host of the television adaptation of her podcast of the same name, Scam Goddess.

IHeartRadio Podcast Awards
The iHeartRadio Podcast Awards is a podcast awards show that celebrates podcasts heard throughout the year across iHeartMedia radio stations nationwide and on iHeartRadio, iHeartMedia's digital music platform. Founded by iHeartRadio in 2019, the event recognizes the most popular podcasters and podcasts over the past year. Winners are chosen in a few categories by judges, but the majority of categories are voted on by fans through the iHeart Podcast Awards website and social media. The inaugural event was held on January 18, 2019, at the iHeartRadio Theater in Los Angeles.
Business analyst
A business analyst (BA) is a person who processes, interprets and documents business processes, products, services and software through analysis of data. The role of a business analyst is to ensure business efficiency increases through their knowledge of both IT and business function.

Some tasks of a business analyst include creating detailed business analysis, budgeting and forecasting, business strategising, planning and monitoring, variance analysis, pricing, reporting and defining business requirements for stakeholders. The business analyst role is applicable to four key areas/levels of business functions – operational, project, enterprise and competitive focuses. Each of these areas of business analysis have a significant impact on business performance, and assist in enhancing profitability and efficiency in all stages of the business process, and across all business functions.

Cost reduction
Cost reduction is the process used by organisations aiming to reduce their costs and increase their profits, or to accommodate reduced income. Depending on a company’s services or products, the strategies can vary. Every decision in the product development process affects cost: design is typically considered to account for 70–80% of the final cost of a project such as an engineering project or the construction of a building. In the public sector, cost reduction programs can be used where income is reduced or to reduce debt levels.
Stoliczkia khasiensis
Stoliczkia khasiensis (common names: Khasi earth snake, Khase red snake) is a species of snake in the family Xenodermidae. It is endemic to Meghalaya (until 1972 part of Assam), Northeast India. The type locality is Khasi Hills.

Stoliczkia khasiensis inhabit mid hills to submontane forest near mountain streams, at elevations of 700–1,800 m (2,300–5,900 ft) above sea level. While it is only known from few specimens (18, as of 2011), it is considered locally abundant in Sarawak. It occurs in several protected areas (e.g., Crocker Range National Park, Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park), and there are no major threats to this species.

Xenodermidae
Xenodermidae is a family of snakes native to East Asia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. All species in the family Xenodermidae are small or moderately sized snakes, never more than 80 cm (31 in) but typically less than 55 cm (22 in) in total length (including tail). They are secretive, probably nocturnal, and typically inhabit moist forest habitats. They seem to be opportunistic carnivores, preying on other vertebrates.

The correct spelling of the family name is Xenodermidae, not "Xenodermatidae".
The Hot l Baltimore
The Hot L Baltimore is a 1973 American play by Lanford Wilson set in the lobby of the Hotel Baltimore. The plot focuses on the residents of the decaying property, who are faced with eviction when the structure is condemned. The play draws its title from the hotel's neon marquee with a burned-out "e" that was never replaced.

New York Drama Critics' Circle
The New York Drama Critics' Circle is made up of 23 drama critics from daily newspapers, magazines and wire services based in the New York City metropolitan area. The organization is best known for its annual awards for excellence in theater.

The organization was founded in 1935 at the Algonquin Hotel by a group that included Brooks Atkinson, Walter Winchell, and Robert Benchley. Adam Feldman of Time Out New York has been President of the organization since 2005; Zachary Stewart of TheaterMania is currently Vice President, and Helen Shaw of The New Yorker serves as Treasurer.
1942 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting
The 1942 election to the Baseball Hall of Fame was the first election that was conducted in three years. The Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) voted by mail to select from 20th century players and elected Rogers Hornsby.

This was the only election or committee meeting scheduled between 1939 and 1945, as the hall of fame had inducted its required number of ten players from the 20th century following the 1939 election; the United States was involved in World War II during that time. The only other activities were the special election of Lou Gehrig following his 1939 farewell and the prompt election of Commissioner Landis following his death late in 1944.

1944 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting
There was no regular election in 1944 to select inductees to the Baseball Hall of Fame. In 1939, the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) had moved to hold elections every three years rather than annually, and the next scheduled election was to be in 1945. In addition, the four-member Old-Timers Committee formed in late 1939 to select deserving individuals from the 19th century had still never met for that purpose, and criticism of the lack of honorees from that period was increasing.
Scott Fraser (footballer, born 1995)
Scott Stewart Fraser (born 30 March 1995) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Scottish Championship club Ross County.

He has previously played for Dundee United, Airdrieonians, Burton Albion, Milton Keynes Dons, Ipswich Town, Charlton Athletic, Heart of Midlothian and Dundee.

2016–17 Scottish Challenge Cup
The 2016–17 Scottish Challenge Cup, known as the IRN-BRU Cup due to sponsorship reasons, was the 26th season of the competition. The tournament took on a different format from previous seasons with a total of 54 teams participating. It was the first season with two clubs from both Northern Ireland and Wales competing alongside the 30 members of the 2016–17 Scottish Championship, 2016–17 Scottish League One and 2016–17 Scottish League Two, four teams from the 2016–17 Highland Football League and four from the 2016–17 Lowland Football League as well as the Under-20 teams of the teams competing in the 2016–17 Scottish Premiership.

The defending champions, Rangers, who defeated Peterhead in the 2016 final, did not compete in the competition due to their promotion to the Scottish Premiership. Irn Bru replaced Petrofac as the main sponsor of the competition in June 2016.
Trinity Homes, Brixton
Trinity Homes, also known as Bailey's Almhouses, are almshouses in Acre Lane, Brixton, London SW2.

They were built in 1822, with an additional building (numbers 17–20) constructed in 1860, and are Grade II listed.

Trinity Homes Almshouses are provided for the benefit of men and women over the age of 57 who are members of a Christian denomination. They may also be provided to married couples.

Brixton
Brixton is an area of South London, part of the London Borough of Lambeth, England. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London. Brixton experienced a rapid rise in population during the 19th century as communications with central London improved.

Brixton is mainly residential, though includes Brixton Market and a substantial retail sector. It is a multi-ethnic community, with a large percentage of its population of Afro-Caribbean descent. It lies within Inner London and is bordered by Stockwell, Clapham, Streatham, Camberwell, Tulse Hill, Balham and Herne Hill. The district houses the main offices of Lambeth London Borough Council.

Brixton is 2.7 mi (4.3 km) south-southeast from the geographical centre of London (measuring to a point near Brixton Underground station on the Victoria line).
Opalkovo
Opalkovo (pronounced [ɔˈpaːlkɔʋɔ]) is a small settlement west of Velike Lašče in central Slovenia. The entire Municipality of Velike Lašče is included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region and is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola.

Velike Lašče
Velike Lašče (pronounced [ˈʋeːlikɛ ˈlaːʃtʃɛ]; German: Großlaschitz) is a town in Slovenia. It is the seat of the Municipality of Velike Lašče. It is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.
Mihir Vatsa
Mihir Kumar Jha, better known by his adopted pseudonym "Mihir Vatsa", is an Indian poet and writer. He won the Sahitya Akademi Yuva Puraskar in 2022 for his travel memoir Tales of Hazaribagh: An Intimate Exploration of Chhotanagpur Plateau. After Hansda Sowvendra Shekhar and Anuj Lugun (Baagh Aur Sugna Munda Ki Beti, 2019), he is the third writer from Jharkhand to win the Yuva Puraskar award in English language. Tales of Hazaribagh received critical acclaim upon publication and was ranked among the top non-fiction books in 2021.

Anuj Lugun
Anuj Lugun is an Indian poet and writer. His poetry espoused indigenous renaissance and intense rebellion against fascism and oppression. Anuj's activism for social justice earned him the title of Tribal Poet.
Nelson Sullivan
John Nelson Sullivan (March 15, 1948 – July 4, 1989) was an American videographer who chronicled life in Downtown Manhattan’s arts and club scene from 1976 until his death. His hundreds of videos documented daily life in the city, nights out on the town and private moments with friends in the local entertainment community, including RuPaul, Keith Haring, Sylvia Miles, Larry Tee, Susanne Bartsch, Tom Rubnitz, Lady Bunny, Phoebe Legere, Michael Musto, Ethyl Eichelberger, John Sex, and Michael Alig.

Viewed today, Sullivan’s video record of his life represents a pre-Internet form of vlogging, while his frequently used technique of turning the camera to face himself clearly anticipates the modern selfie.

In 2012, Sullivan’s video archive was received as a donation by the Fales Library & Special Collections at New York University. Edited versions of select tapes may be viewed on the YouTube channel 5NinthAvenueProject.

Michael Alig
Michael Alig (April 29, 1966 – December 24, 2020) was an American club promoter who was convicted of felony manslaughter. He was one of the ringleaders of the Club Kids, a group of young New York City clubgoers who became a cultural phenomenon in the late 1980s and early 1990s. In March 1996, Alig and his roommate, Robert D. "Freeze" Riggs, killed fellow Club Kid Andre "Angel" Melendez in a confrontation over a drug debt. In October 1997, Alig pleaded guilty to first-degree manslaughter. Both men were sentenced to 10 to 20 years in prison. Riggs was released on parole in 2010. Alig was released on May 5, 2014.

On Christmas Eve, 2020, shortly before midnight, Alig died at his Washington Heights home from an accidental drug overdose at the age of 54.