hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Abraham Lincoln in the Black Hawk War
Abraham Lincoln served as a volunteer in the Illinois Militia from April 21, 1832 to July 10, 1832, during the Black Hawk War. Lincoln never saw combat during his tour, but he was elected captain of his first company. He was also present in the aftermath of two of the war's battles, where he helped to bury the militia dead. He was mustered in and out of service during the war, going from captain to private and finishing his service in an independent spy company commanded by Captain Jacob Early.

Lincoln's service had a lasting impression on him, and he related tales about it later in life with modesty and humor. Through his service he forged lifelong political connections. In addition, he received a land grant from the U.S. government for his military service. Though Lincoln had no military experience when he assumed command of his company, he was generally regarded as an able and competent leader.

Robert Anderson (Union officer)
Robert Anderson (June 14, 1805 – October 26, 1871) was a United States Army officer during the American Civil War. He was the Union commander in the first battle of the American Civil War at Fort Sumter in April 1861 when the Confederates bombarded the fort and forced its surrender, starting the war. Anderson was celebrated as a hero in the North and promoted to brigadier general and given command of Union forces in Kentucky. He was removed late in 1861 and reassigned to Rhode Island, before retiring from military service in 1863. In 1865, he returned to Fort Sumter to again raise the American flag that he had lowered during the 1861 surrender.
Battlefield Extraction-Assist Robot
The Battlefield Extraction-Assist Robot (BEAR) is a remotely controlled robot developed by Vecna Robotics for use in the extraction of wounded soldiers from the battlefield with no risk to human life. The humanoid robot uses a powerful hydraulics system to carry humans and other heavy objects over long distances and rough terrain, such as stairs.

Work on the robot commenced in 2005 and it was featured in Time Magazine's Best Inventions of 2006. Kenny Robotics wrapped up development and testing for applications on and off of the battlefield in 2011.

Humanoid robot
A humanoid robot is a robot resembling the human body in shape. The design may be aimed at functional purposes, such as interacting with human tools and environments and working alongside humans, for experimental purposes, such as the study of bipedal locomotion, or for other purposes. In general, humanoid robots are characterized by their anthropomorphic design, which includes a torso, a head, two arms, and two legs. However, some humanoid robots may have a more limited range of body replicas, comprising only a subset of the above-mentioned components. Androids are humanoid robots designed to more closely resemble the human physique. The term "Gynoid" is sometimes used to refer to female-looking robots.
John Yarbrough Linear Park
The John Yarbrough Linear Park (originally the Ten Mile Canal Linear Park) is a 6-mile linear park trail located in Fort Myers, Florida. The trail parallels the Ten Mile Canal and the Seminole Gulf Railway, and is owned and operated by Lee County Parks and Recreation. It is part of Lee County's Tour de Parks route along with Lakes Regional Park and other locations.

Lakes Regional Park
Lakes Park (sometimes called Lakes Regional Park) is a 279-acre public park located along Gladiolus Drive (CR 865) just south of Fort Myers, Florida. It opened on April 21, 1984, and is operated by the Lee County Department of Parks and Recreation. The park was named after its main feature: 158 acres of man-made freshwater lakes. The park is part of the Great Florida Birding Trail as well as Lee County's Tour de Parks bicycle route.
Standard Spanish
Standard Spanish, also called the norma culta, 'cultivated norm', refers to the standard, or codified, variety of the Spanish language, which most writing and formal speech in Spanish tends to reflect. This standard, like other standard languages, tends to reflect the norms of upper-class, educated speech.
There is variation within this standard such that one may speak of the Mexican, Latin American, Peninsular (or European), and Rioplatense standards, in addition to the standard forms developed by international organizations and multinational companies.

Royal Spanish Academy
The Royal Spanish Academy (Spanish: Real Academia Española, pronounced [reˈal akaˈðemja espaˈɲola]; RAE) is Spain's official royal institution with a mission to ensure the stability of the Spanish language. It is based in Madrid, Spain, and is affiliated with national language academies in 22 other Hispanophone nations through the Association of Academies of the Spanish Language.

The RAE dedicates itself to language planning by applying linguistic prescription aimed at promoting linguistic unity within and between various territories, to ensure a common standard. The proposed language guidelines are shown in a number of works.
Islam in Syria
Several different denominations and sects of Islam are practised within Syria, who collectively constitute approximately 87% of the population and form a majority in most of the districts of the country.

The Sunni Muslims make up the vast majority in the country, mainly of the Hanafi and Shafi'i madhhabs. The Alawites are the biggest Muslim minority sect (10% of the country's population), followed by Isma'ili and Twelver Shia Muslims, which constitute about 3% percent of the country's population. Some Sufi orders are also active in the country, including the Naqshbandiya, the Qadiriya and the Shadhiliya orders, most of whom identify as Sunnis.
Christianity is the second most popular religion in the country, and Christians comprise roughly 10% of the overall population. The Druze make up 3% of the population, although their association with Islam is controversial.

Homs Governorate
Homs Governorate (Arabic: مُحافظة حمص Muḥāfaẓat Ḥimṣ) is one of the fourteen governorates (provinces) of Syria. It is situated in central Syria. It has 42,226 km2 (16,304 sq mi).It is geographically the largest governorate in Syria. Homs Governorate has a population of 1,763,000 as of 2010. The Homs governorate is divided into six administrative districts (mantiqah), with the city of Homs as a separate district. Homs is the capital city of the district of Homs. Its governor is Namir Habib Makhlouf.
Matman
Matman is  the capital town of Matman Township, Wa Self-Administered Division in northeast Shan State, Myanmar. It is the smallest town in Shan State and the fourth smallest town in Myanmar after Hsawlaw, Injangyang, and Kawnglanghpu. It is also the ninth smallest municipality in the country.  On November 2025, the capital of the Wa Self-Administered Division changed from Hopong to Matman. According to the State Security and Peace Commission junta, the change would enable efficiency in government operations.

Kawnglanghpu
Kawnglanghpu (Burmese: ခေါင်လန်ဖူးမြို့နယ်) is the third smallest town in Kachin State, Myanmar after Hsawlaw and Injangyang. It is also the eighth smallest municipality in the whole country. The placename is derived from the Rawang language words meaning "Kawnglang's village".
Bitts
Bitts are paired vertical wooden or metal posts mounted either aboard a ship or on a wharf, pier, or quay. The posts are used to secure mooring lines, ropes, hawsers, or cables. Bitts aboard wooden sailing ships (sometime called cable-bitts) were large vertical timbers mortised into the keel and used as the anchor cable attachment point. Bitts are carefully manufactured and maintained to avoid any sharp edges that might chafe and weaken the mooring lines.

Anchor
An anchor is a device, normally made of metal, used to secure a vessel to the bed of a body of water to prevent the craft from drifting due to wind or current. The word derives from Latin ancora, which itself comes from the Greek ἄγκυρα (ankȳra).

Anchors can either be temporary or permanent. Permanent anchors are used in the creation of a mooring, and are rarely moved; a specialist service is normally needed to move or maintain them. Vessels carry one or more temporary anchors, which may be of different designs and weights.

A sea anchor is a drag device, not in contact with the seabed, used to minimize drift of a vessel relative to the water. A drogue is a drag device used to slow or help steer a vessel running before a storm in a following or overtaking sea, or when crossing a bar in a breaking sea.
Oryx (website)
Oryx, or Oryxspioenkop, is a Dutch open-source intelligence defence analysis website and warfare research group. According to Oryx, the term spionkop (Afrikaans for "spy hill") "refers to a place from where one can watch events unfold around the world".

Oryx was created by Stijn Mitzer and Joost Oliemans, who have also written two books on the Korean People's Army. Both have previously worked for Netherlands-based Bellingcat. Oliemans also worked for Janes Information Services, a British open-source military intelligence company. After Stijn Mitzer and Joost Oliemans retired from the Oryx Blog, long-time contributor Jakub Janovsky took over as the site administrator.

Open-source intelligence
Open-source intelligence (OSINT) is the collection and analysis of data gathered from open sources (overt sources and publicly available information) to produce actionable intelligence. OSINT is primarily used in national security, law enforcement, and business intelligence functions and is of value to analysts who use non-sensitive intelligence in answering classified, unclassified, or proprietary intelligence requirements across the previous intelligence disciplines.
Lemerig language
Lemerig is an Oceanic language spoken on Vanua Lava, in Vanuatu.

The language is no longer actively spoken, having receded in favour of its neighbors, including Vera'a and possibly also Mwotlap or Vurës. The two remaining speakers live on the northern coast of the island.

Robert Henry Codrington
Robert Henry Codrington (15 September 1830, Wroughton, Wiltshire – 11 September 1922) was an Anglican priest and anthropologist who made the first study of Melanesian society and culture. His work is still held as a classic of ethnography.

Codrington wrote, "One of the first duties of a missionary is to try to understand the people among whom he works," and he himself reflected a deep commitment to this value. Codrington worked as headmaster of the Melanesian Mission school on Norfolk Island from 1867 to 1887. Over his many years with the Melanesian people, he gained a deep knowledge of their society, languages, and customs through a close association with them. He also intensively studied "Melanesian languages", including the Mota language.

He popularized the use of the word "mana" in the West, and described mana "as a generalized power that is perceived in objects appearing in any sense out of the ordinary, or that is acquired by persons who possess them."
Clarence Young
Clarence Young was a house pseudonym used by the Stratemeyer Syndicate for series of books for boys, the most well-known being the "Motor Boys" series.

The following series were published under the name Clarence Young:

Jack Ranger—6 volumes (1907–1911)

Motor Boys—22 volumes (1906–1924)--The first ten were illustrated by Charles Nuttall—Volumes 1, 2, and 8 ghostwritten by Howard R. Garis

Racer Boys—6 volumes (1912–1914)

The pseudonym "Clarence Young" was also used by Edward Stratemeyer for a few football stories published in turn of the century boys magazines.

Edward Stratemeyer
Edward Stratemeyer (/ˈstrætəˌmaɪər/; (October 4, 1862 – May 10, 1930) was an American publisher, writer of children's fiction and founder of the Stratemeyer Syndicate. He is one of the most prolific writers in the world, having penned over 1,300 books and selling more than 500 million copies.

Stratemeyer created many well-known children's fiction book series, including The Rover Boys, The Bobbsey Twins, Tom Swift, The Hardy Boys, and Nancy Drew, many of which sold millions of copies and remain in publication. On his legacy, Fortune wrote: "As oil had its Rockefeller, literature had its Stratemeyer."
Melkite Catholic Patriarchate of Antioch
The Melkite Greek Catholic Patriarchate of Antioch (Greek: Μελχίτικο Πατριαρχείο Αντιοχείας), also known as the Melkite Catholic Church, and legally as the Rūm Greek Catholic Patriarchate of Antioch and All the East (Arabic: بطريركيّة أنطاكية وسائر المشرق للروم الملكيين الكاثوليك, romanized: Baṭriyarkiyyat ʾAnṭākiya wa-Sāʾir al-Mašriq li-r-Rūm al-Malakiyyīn al-Kāṯūlīk), is an autocephalous Byzantine Rite Eastern Catholic Church in full communion with the Holy See. It originates from the historic Church of Antioch, which according to tradition, was founded by the Apostles Peter and Paul. The church is headed by the Melkite Greek Catholic Patriarch of Antioch and maintains its own distinct Byzantine liturgical tradition and ecclesiastical governance.

Melkite Greek Catholic Archeparchy of Sidon
Melkite Greek Catholic Archeparchy of Sidon (Latin: Archeparchia Sidoniensis Graecorum Melkitarum) is a diocese of the Melkite Greek Catholic Church suffragan of the Melkite Greek Catholic Archeparchy of Tyre. It is governed by Archeparch Elie Bechara Haddad. The territory is made up of 53 parishes and, as of 2010, 32,000 Melkite Catholics.
National Capital Region Athletic Association
The National Capital and Regional Athletic Association (NCRAA) is an athletic association in Metro Manila (National Capital Region), Philippines established in 1993. It is primarily held during the second semester of a school around November until February.

Basketball and Volleyball are the centerpiece sports of the league but it also stage several events as well.

In 2016, the league merged with the Universities and Colleges of Luzon Athletic Association to become the NCR-UCL Athletic Association. However, the merger only lasted for one season and was dissolved at the end of its maiden season. NCRAA began operating again as a separate entity since November 2017.  For continuity purposes, the NCRAA considers the lone NCRUCLAA season as its 24th season.

Lyceum of the Philippines University
Lyceum of the Philippines University (Filipino: Pamantasang Liseo ng Pilipinas), also referred to by its acronym LPU, is a private, non-sectarian, coeducational higher education institution located at Intramuros in the City of Manila, Philippines. It was founded in 1952 by José P. Laurel, who was the third president of the Republic of the Philippines.

Two of LPU's prominent features are its entrance gate through the "Hall of Heroes", commonly known as "Mabini Hall", which exhibits busts of Philippine historical figures sculpted by the National Artist Guillermo Tolentino, and the "Lyceum Tower", which serves as the school's landmark.

Many disciplines are taught in the university, with International relations (diplomacy, international trade), business, communication and International Hospitality (hotel and restaurant management, tourism) consistently being the university's flagship courses.

The LPU has affiliate/branch campuses in Makati, Batangas, Laguna, Cavite and Davao.
Neptune (collection)
Neptune is the twenty-seventh collection by British designer Alexander McQueen, released for the Spring/Summer 2006 season of his eponymous fashion house. It took inspiration from classical Greek clothing, 1980s fashion, and the work of artists influential in that decade. The runway show was staged during Paris Fashion Week on 7 October 2005 at the industrial warehouse of the Imprimerie Nationale. Two main phases were presented, with 56 looks total: the first phase comprised monochrome black clothing, while the second featured a white, green, and gold palette. The collection's clothing and runway show both lacked McQueen's signature theatricality, and critical reception at launch and in retrospect was negative. Items from Neptune appeared in the 2022 exhibition Lee Alexander McQueen: Mind, Mythos, Muse.

Andrew Wilson (author)
Andrew Wilson (born 1967) is a British biographer, novelist and journalist.

Wilson was born in Oswaldtwistle, Lancashire, on 6 June 1967 and read English Literature at King's College, London, graduating in 1988. He studied for the post-graduate diploma in periodical journalism at City University, London.
MOMbies Dance to Donate
MOMbies Dance to Donate is a philanthropic initiative spearheaded by a collective of mothers in Fairfield, Connecticut, who dress as "ghastly zombies" and hold dance performances to raise funds to support metastatic breast cancer research. Originating with a flash mob performance on Halloween night in 2016, the initiative supports the Cancer Couch Foundation. As of Halloween 2023, Mombies Dance to Donate had successfully raised over $180,000 and created an annual tradition in their New England community.

Fairfield, Connecticut
Fairfield is a town in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. It borders the city of Bridgeport and towns of Trumbull, Easton, Weston, and Westport along the Gold Coast of Connecticut. As of 2020, the town had a population of 61,512. The town is part of the Greater Bridgeport Planning Region. Fairfield is a hub of higher education, enrolling more than 17,000 students between Sacred Heart University and Fairfield University.
Prunus arabica
Prunus arabica is a species of wild almond found across the Middle East. It is a broomlike shrub typically 0.75 to 2 m tall, with brown bark. Its leaves have a 5-8 mm petiole and the leaf blades are 15 to 44 mm long and 3 to 10 mm wide. Its inflorescences have dark red hypanthia and sepals (green on the interior of the sepals), and white, pale pink or pink petals. The flowers are borne on a pedicel about 3 mm long, which lengthens to 6 mm when the fruit is fully developed.

It prefers to grow in arid or semiarid areas at 500 to 2700 m above sea level. A full genetic and morphological analysis suggests that Prunus scoparia may be conspecific with it; certainly it is its closest relative. It is occasionally cultivated for erosion control, as its brushy growth form makes a good windbreak.

Prunus scoparia
Prunus scoparia is a wild almond primarily found in the Zagros forests of Iran but also distributed across Turkey, Turkmenistan, and Afghanistan. It is a xerophytic shrub and it has been used as a grafting stock for domesticated almonds to provide drought resistance.

Its seeds are consumed by rural Iranians as a cheap source of high-quality protein. Its leaves are the primary food of the larvae of Parornix turcmeniella moths. In recent scholarship, it is sometimes referenced as Persian gum after the model of gum arabic, although this name is also used for the commercially unimportant P. lycioides and for the resin of the unrelated Astragalus sarcocolla.
Tricyclohexylphosphine
Tricyclohexylphosphine is the tertiary phosphine with the formula P(C6H11)3. Commonly used as a ligand in organometallic chemistry, it is often abbreviated to PCy3, where Cy stands for cyclohexyl. It is characterized by both high basicity (pKa = 9.7) and a large ligand cone angle (170°).

Important complexes containing P(Cy)3 ligands include the 2005 Nobel Prize-winning Grubbs' catalyst and the homogeneous hydrogenation catalyst Crabtree's catalyst.

Grubbs' catalyst (first generation)

Crabtree's catalyst

Ligand cone angle
In coordination chemistry, the ligand cone angle (θ) is a measure of the steric bulk of a ligand in a transition metal coordination complex. It is defined as the solid angle formed with the metal at the vertex of a cone and the outermost edge of the van der Waals spheres of the ligand atoms at the perimeter of the base of the cone. Tertiary phosphine ligands are commonly classified using this parameter, but the method can be applied to any ligand. The term cone angle was first introduced by Chadwick A. Tolman, a research chemist at DuPont. Tolman originally developed the method for phosphine ligands in nickel complexes, determining them from measurements of accurate physical models.
McMaster School of Computational Engineering and Science
In 2005, the McMaster School of Computational Engineering and Science was the first program launched in Canada dedicated in developing expertise in the third wave of scientific research involving simulation, modeling and optimization. The new school brings together 50 faculty from engineering, science, business and health science to collaboratively conduct research and advance education.

The three major research thrusts of the school are:

Computational Physical Sciences

Computational Optimization, Design and Control

Computational Biosciences

Activities cover a broad spectrum of research areas representing current interdisciplinary activities, future areas that involve existing, but as yet untapped potential, as well as areas to be developed by future appointments.

McMaster Faculty of Engineering
The McMaster Faculty of Engineering is a faculty located at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario. The faculty was established in 1958 and was the first engineering program to developed problem-based learning curriculum. It currently has seven departments in chemical engineering, civil engineering, computing and software, electrical and computer engineering, engineering physics, material science and engineering and mechanical engineering. The faculty offers bachelors, masters, and doctoral degrees.

The faculty is home to 1 Canada Excellence Research Chair, 13 Canada Research Chairs, 4 Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council chairs, and 14 Endowed Chairs.
2009 Sioux Falls Cougars football team
The 2009 Sioux Falls Cougars football team represented the University of Sioux Falls in the 2009 NAIA football season. The Cougars won the 2009 NAIA Football National Championship  with a 25–22 victory over the third-ranked Lindenwood Lions. Additionally, the team secured the Great Plains Athletic Conference championship with a perfect 10–0 record. This marked the school's fourth NAIA national championship (1996, 2006, 2008) and its third in four years. The team was coached by Kalen DeBoer.

Quarterback Lorenzo Brown was named the NAIA Player of the Year prior to the game. Sioux Falls ended the season with a 29-game winning streak going back through the 2008 season. They extended this streak to 42 games, which tied an NAIA record before losing in the 2010 championship game After the season, DeBoer left to take the offensive coordinator job at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. He finished his tenure at Sioux Falls with a 67–3 record and three national titles.

2008 Sioux Falls Cougars football team
The 2008 Sioux Falls Cougars football team represented the University of Sioux Falls in the 2008 NAIA football season. The Cougars captured the 2008 NAIA Football National Championship with a 23–7 victory over the top-ranked Carroll (MT). The team also won the Great Plains Athletic Conference championship with a perfect 10–0 record. This was the school's third NAIA national championship (1996, 2006) and second in three years. The team was coached by Kalen DeBoer.