hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thue–Morse sequence
In mathematics, the Thue–Morse or Prouhet–Thue–Morse sequence is the binary sequence (an infinite sequence of 0s and 1s) that can be obtained by starting with 0 and successively appending the Boolean complement of the sequence obtained thus far. It is sometimes called the fair share sequence because of its applications to fair division or parity sequence. The first few steps of this procedure yield the strings 0, 01, 0110, 01101001, 0110100110010110, and so on, which are the prefixes of the Thue–Morse sequence. The full sequence begins:

01101001100101101001011001101001....

The sequence is named after Axel Thue, Marston Morse and (in its extended form) Eugène Prouhet.

Bitwise operation
In computer programming, a bitwise operation operates on a bit string, a bit array or a binary numeral (considered as a bit string) at the level of its individual bits. It is a fast and simple action, basic to the higher-level arithmetic operations and directly supported by the processor. Most architectures provide only a few high value bitwise operations, presented as two-operand instructions where the result replaces one of the input operands.

On simple low-cost processors, typically, bitwise operations are substantially faster than division, several times faster than multiplication, and sometimes significantly faster than addition. While modern processors usually perform addition and multiplication just as fast as bitwise operations due to their longer instruction pipelines and other architectural design choices, bitwise operations do commonly use less power because of the reduced use of resources.
2024 Shanghai Challenger
The 2024 Shanghai Challenger, or Road to the Rolex Shanghai Masters, was a professional tennis tournament played on hardcourts. It was the 11th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2024 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Shanghai, China between 2 and 8 September 2024.

2024 ATP Challenger Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour in 2024 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2024 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 207 tournaments with prize money ranging from $41,000 up to $225,500. It was the 47th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle and 16th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University
The Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat (Eye and ENT) Hospital of Fudan University (Chinese: 复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院), formerly the Shanghai Jewish Hospital (also B'nai B'rith Foundation Polyclinic), is a teaching hospital in Shanghai, China, affiliated with the Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University and the Red Cross Society of Shanghai. It is rated Grade 3, Class A, the highest rating in the Chinese medical system.

Minhang, Shanghai
Minhang District is a suburban district of Shanghai with a land area of 371.57 km2 (143.46 sq mi) and population of 2,653,489 residents as of 2020. The original Minhang consist of present-day Jiangchuan Road Subdistrict (Former Minhang Town) and the eastern strip of Wujing along the Huangpu River in 1992, the surrounding Shanghai County merged with Minhang.

It is mostly a residential district, though it is also home to some of the many factories and production facilities in Shanghai. Residential housing development is the main source of local government revenue. Qizhong Forest Sports City Arena (旗忠森林体育城) is located in Ma Qiao Town (马桥镇). The Aerospace Museum is being constructed at Pujiang Town.

Shanghai Jiao Tong University and East China Normal University both have campuses in the southern part of Minhang District.
The Tibetan Dog
The Tibetan Dog (Chinese: 藏獒多吉; Japanese: チベット犬物語 ～金色のドージェ～) is a 2011 Chinese/Japanese animated film directed by Masayuki Kojima, co-produced by Madhouse, China Film Group Corporation and Ciwen Pictures. It is based on the novel Mastiffs of the Plateau by Yang Zhijun. It premiered at the 51st Annecy Film Festival in June 2011. Manga artist Naoki Urasawa provided the initial character designs before they were reworked by Shigeru Fujita. In this film, a young boy named Tenzing leaves for Tibet after his mother passes away to live with his father in the prairies and encounters a true friend in the form of a golden Tibetan Mastiff. Maiden Japan released the film on home video in the U.S.

Section23 Films
SXION 23 LLC, doing business as Section23 Films, is an American multimedia distributor based in Houston, Texas specializing in releasing anime and Japanese films. Established in 2009, Section23 is one of five successors to ADV Films; alongside Sentai Filmworks, Switchblade Pictures, Maiden Japan, and AEsir Holdings. The company is named after a Texas tax code.
The Jew of Linz
The Jew of Linz is a 1998 book by Australian writer Kimberley Cornish, in which the author alleges that the Austrian philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein was the catalyst for the antisemitism of Adolf Hitler when they were both pupils at the Realschule (secondary school) in Linz, Austria, in the early 1900s. Cornish also alleges that Wittgenstein was involved in the Cambridge Five Soviet spy ring.

Donald Maclean (spy)
Donald Duart Maclean (/məˈkleɪn/; 25 May 1913 – 6 March 1983) was a British diplomat and Soviet double agent who participated in the Cambridge Five spy ring. After being recruited by a Soviet agent as an undergraduate student, Maclean entered the civil service. In 1938, he was appointed as Third Secretary at the British embassy in Paris. He served in London and Washington, D.C., achieving promotion to First Secretary. He was subsequently posted to Egypt, and then was appointed head of the American Department in the Foreign Office.

The Soviets helped Maclean to defect from London to Moscow in 1951. In Moscow, he worked as a specialist on British policy and on relations between the Soviet Union and NATO. He died there on 6 March 1983.
Carleone's Vintage
Vintage is the third studio album from rapper Young Bleed, released under the name Young Bleed Carleone's. His next album Rise Thru da Ranks from Earner Tugh Capo was released under the name Young Bleed.

Rise Thru da Ranks from Earner Tugh Capo
Rise Thru da Ranks from Earner Tugh Capo is the fourth album from rapper Young Bleed. It was released on August 23, 2005 by West Coast Mafia Records and was produced by C-Bo and John Silva. This was his first album since 2000's My Own for Priority and peaked at number 84 on the Billboard Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart.
1953 All-America college football team
The 1953 All-America college football team is composed of college football players who were selected as All-Americans by various organizations and writers that chose All-America college football teams in 1953. The eight selectors recognized by the NCAA as "official" for the 1953 season are (1) the Associated Press, (2) the United Press, (3) the All-America Board, (4) the American Football Coaches Association (AFCA), (5) the Football Writers Association of America (FWAA), (6) the International News Service (INS), (7) the Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA), and (8) the Sporting News.

International News Service
The International News Service (INS) was a U.S.-based news agency (newswire) founded by newspaper publisher William Randolph Hearst in 1909.

The INS consistently ranked as the third-largest news agency in the U.S., trailing behind its major competitors, the Associated Press and United Press. Despite notable achievements and considerable investments, the INS never managed to surpass its rivals. At its peak, the INS served 19 percent of American daily newspapers (1948). In May 1958 it merged with rival United Press to become United Press International.
Schreder HP-12A
The Schreder HP-12A is an American homebuilt, mid-wing, V tailed, single-seat glider that was assembled out of various components all designed by Richard Schreder.

The aircraft is often confused with a completely different aircraft, the Schreder HP-12.

V-tail
The V-tail or vee-tail (sometimes called a butterfly tail or Rudlicki's V-tail) of an aircraft is an unconventional arrangement of the tail control surfaces that replaces the traditional vertical and horizontal surfaces with two surfaces set in a V-shaped configuration. It is not widely used in aircraft design. The aft edge of each twin surface is a hinged control surface called a ruddervator, which combines the functions of both a rudder and elevator.
UEFA Cup and Europa League records and statistics
This page details statistics of the UEFA Cup and UEFA Europa League. Unless notified these statistics concern all seasons since the inception of the UEFA Cup in the 1971–72 season, including qualifying rounds. The UEFA Cup replaced the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup in the 1971–72 season, so the Fairs Cup is not considered a UEFA competition, and hence clubs' records in the Fairs Cup are not considered part of their European record.

2013–14 UEFA Europa League
The 2013–14 UEFA Europa League was the 43rd season of Europe's secondary club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the fifth season under its current title.

The final was played between Sevilla and Benfica at the Juventus Stadium in Turin, Italy, which was won by Sevilla on penalties, giving them a record-equalling third UEFA Cup/Europa League title. Chelsea could not defend their title as they automatically qualified for the 2013–14 UEFA Champions League and also reached the knockout stage.
Kroge (Walsrode)
Kroge is a village in the town of Walsrode in North Germany. It lies in the Lower Saxony district of Soltau-Fallingbostel. The village has 290 inhabitants and an area of 7 square kilometres (2.7 sq mi).

Walsrode
Walsrode (German pronunciation: [valsˈʁoːdə] ⓘ; Low German: Wasra) is a town in the district of Heidekreis, in Lower Saxony, Germany. The former municipality Bomlitz was merged into Walsrode in January 2020.
Glenariffe Oisín CLG
Glenariffe Oisín CLG is a Gaelic Athletic Association club in Waterfoot, County Antrim, Northern Ireland. The club is affiliated to the Antrim County Board and is exclusively concerned with the game of hurling.

Antrim Intermediate Hurling Championship
The Antrim Intermediate Hurling Championship is an annual hurling competition, organised by Antrim GAA.

The championship forms the second-tier of Hurling in Antrim. It is contested by the eleven clubs ranked 9–19 in the Antrim championship system. Each year, the champions are promoted to the Senior Championship and lowest finishing team is relegated to the Junior A Championship.

Carey Faughs GAC are the title holders, defeating  Oisin's Glenariffe in the 2024 final.
Ger O'Riordan
Ger O'Riordan (born 1967) is an Irish hurling manager and former player. At club level, he played with Argideen Rangers, divisional side Carbery, and also lined out at inter-county level with various Cork teams.

1985 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship
The 1985 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship was the 55th staging of the All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1928. The championship began on 24 April 1985 and ended on 1 September 1985.

Limerick entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Cork in the Munster semi-final.

On 1 September 1985, Cork won the championship following a 3–10 to 0–12 defeat of Wexford in the All-Ireland final. This was their 15th All-Ireland title and their first in six championship seasons.

Wexford's Vinny Murphy was the championship's top scorer with 2-36.
1999 Davidoff Swiss Indoors
The 1999 Davidoff Swiss Indoors was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts. It was the 30th edition of the event known that year as the Davidoff Swiss Indoors, and was part of the World of the 1999 ATP Tour. It took place at the St. Jakobshalle in Basel, Switzerland, from 3 October through 10 October 1999. Unseeded Karol Kučera won the singles title.

1999 ATP Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Tour is the elite professional tennis circuit organised by the ATP. The 1999 ATP Tour calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments, supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF), the ATP Super 9, the ATP Championship Series, the ATP World Series, the ATP World Team Cup, the ATP Tour World Championships and the Grand Slam Cup (organised by the ITF). Also included in the 1999 calendar are the Davis Cup and the Hopman Cup, which do not distribute ranking points, and are both organised by the ITF.

In April 1999 ATP signed a $1.2 billion 10-year-deal with the sports marketing agency ISL Worldwide to promote the sport. The deal gave ISL the commercial rights for the Super-9 tournaments as well as the ATP World Championship. The ATP also introduced a simplified ranking system and made participation in the Super-9 events mandatory for top players.
Robert Charles Zaehner
Robert Charles Zaehner (8 April 1913 – 24 November 1974) was a British academic whose field of study was Eastern religions. He understood the original languages of various sacred texts, including Sanskrit, Pali, and Arabic. At Oxford University, his first writings were on the Zoroastrian religion and its texts. Starting in World War II, he served as an intelligence officer in Iran. Appointed Spalding Professor at Oxford in 1952, his books addressed such subjects as mystical experience (articulating a widely cited typology), Hinduism, comparative religion, Christianity and other religions, and ethics. He translated the Bhagavad Gita, providing an extensive commentary based on Hindu tradition and sources. His last books addressed similar popular culture issues, leading to his talks on the BBC. He published under the name R. C. Zaehner.

Kshatriya
Kshatriya (Sanskrit: क्षत्रिय, romanized: Kṣatriya) (from Sanskrit kṣatra, "rule, authority"; also called Rajanya) is one of the four varnas (social orders) of Hindu society and is associated with the warrior aristocracy. The Sanskrit term kṣatriyaḥ is used in the context of later Vedic society wherein members were organised into four classes: brahmin, kshatriya, vaishya, and shudra.
Rakowice, Łódź Voivodeship
Rakowice [rakɔˈvit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wróblew, within Sieradz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) south of Wróblew, 9 km (6 mi) west of Sieradz, and 62 km (39 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.

Wróblew, Sieradz County
Wróblew [ˈvrublɛf] is a village in Sieradz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Wróblew. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) west of Sieradz and 62 km (39 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.
Jani Lax
Jani Lax (born October 26, 1977) is a Swedish professional mixed martial artist and occasional kickboxer, who competes in the Lightweight division. He has fought around the world in a number of promotions including Finnfight, K-1, M-1 Global and Shooto.

Lightweight (MMA)
The lightweight division in mixed martial arts contains different weight classes:

The UFC's lightweight division, which groups competitors within 146 to 155 lb (66 to 70 kg)

The Shooto lightweight division, which limits competitors to 145 lb (65.8 kg)

The ONE Championship's lightweight division, with an upper limit at 77.1 kg (170.0 lb)

The Road FC's lightweight division, with an upper limit at 154 lb (70 kg)
Mahesh Basnet (born 1960)
Mahesh Basnet (Nepali: महेश बस्नेत) is a Nepalese politician, belonging to CPN (UML) currently serving as a member of the 2nd Federal Parliament of Nepal. In the 2022 Nepalese general election, he was elected from the Ilam 1.

2nd Federal Parliament of Nepal
The Second Federal Parliament of Nepal, was elected by the 2022 general elections on 20 November 2022. The elections elected 275 Members of Parliament (MPs), 165 for each constituency and 110 through the party list, to the House of Representatives. The parliament convened for the first time on 9 January 2023 and was dissolved on 12 September 2025 following the 2025 Gen Z protests.
Hans-Hermann Dickhuth
Hans-Hermann Dickhuth (born 1 September 1947) is a retired university-based German sports doctor.

His name hit the headlines in 2011 when allegations surfaced that his 1983 habilitation (post-doctoral academic qualification) had been awarded for a dissertation that reportedly contained extensive word-for-word quotations from the doctoral dissertation of one or more of his own students.   The potential news value of otherwise mainstream plagiarism accusations was enhanced by the fact that one of the students subsequently became Dickhuth's wife.

University Medical Center Freiburg
The University Medical Center Freiburg (Universitätsklinikum Freiburg) in Freiburg, Germany is the teaching hospital and part of the medical research unit of the University of Freiburg and home to its Faculty of Medicine. The medical center is one of the largest hospitals in Europe. Medical services at the University of Freiburg date back to the university's founding in 1457, as the Faculty of Medicine was one of the four founding faculties.
Cave Rock Tunnel
The Cave Rock Tunnel is a dual bore highway tunnel on U.S. Route 50 (US 50) along the eastern shore of Lake Tahoe approximately seven miles (11 km) north of Stateline, in Douglas County, Nevada, United States. It passes through Cave Rock, a volcanic stone formation. To the Washoe Indian Tribe, Cave Rock (Washo: De ek Wadapush) is considered a sacred place and the tribe has placed restrictions on recreational activities in the vicinity of the tunnel.

Stateline, Nevada
Stateline is a census-designated place (CDP) on the southeastern shore of Lake Tahoe in Douglas County, Nevada,  United States. It lies next to the border with California and is conurbated with South Lake Tahoe. The population was 595 at the 2020 census. The population swells considerably during the busy winter and summer seasons, due to the high number of hotel rooms and rental accommodations available.
Nephroma
Nephroma is a genus of medium to large foliose lichens. The genus has a widespread distribution. They are sometimes called kidney lichens, named after the characteristic kidney-shaped apothecia that they produce on the lower surface of their lobe tips, which often curl upwards and thus are visible from above. Sterile specimens that do not have apothecia can look somewhat like Melanelia, Peltigera, Platismatia, or Asahinea.  Most species grow either on mossy ground or rocks, or on trees.

All species of Nephroma contain cyanobacteria (in the genus Nostoc) as a photobiont, which allows the organism to fix nitrogen.  In some species the cyanobacteria is the sole photobiont, while other species also contain a green alga photobiont (Coccomyxa) and the cyanobacteria is restricted to warty cephalodia on the upper or lower surface of the lichen.

Platismatia
Platismatia is genus of medium to large foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. The genus is widespread and contains 11 species. They resemble many other genera of foliose lichens in the Parmeliaceae, particularly Parmotrema, Cetrelia, and Asahinea.  Most species are found in forests  on the trunks and branches of conifer trees, although some species grow on rocks.

Species of Platismatia can be used to produce an orange-brown, yellow-brown, or brown dye, and at least one species was traditionally used to dye wool in Europe.
Al-Jawadiyah Subdistrict
Al-Jawadiyah Subdistrict (Arabic: ناحية الجوادية, Kurdish: Navçeya Çilaxa) is a subdistrict of Al-Malikiyah District in northeastern al-Hasakah Governorate, northeastern Syria. The administrative centre for the subdistrict is the town of Al-Jawadiyah.

At the 2004 census, the subdistrict had a population of 40,535. The majority of the subdistrict's population is Kurdish.

Al-Malikiyah District
al-Malikiyah District (Arabic: منطقة المالكية, romanized: manṭiqat al-Mālikiyah, Kurdish: Navçeya Dêrik ) is a district of al-Hasakah Governorate in eastern Eastern Syria. The administrative centre is the city of al-Malikiyah.

al-Malikiyah is both the northernmost and easternmost district in Syria. At the 2004 census, it had a population of 191,994.
2022 Maryland Senate election
The 2022 Maryland Senate election were held on November 8, 2022, to elect senators in all 47 districts of the Maryland Senate. Members were elected in single-member constituencies to four-year terms. These elections were held concurrently with various federal and state elections, including for governor of Maryland. The Democratic and Republican primaries were held on July 19, 2022.

Democrats gained two seats, increasing their supermajority to 34 out of 47 seats. Simultaneously with gains in the state house and Wes Moore's win in the gubernatorial race,  Democrats won a trifecta in the state for the first time since 2010.

Anne Arundel County, Maryland
Anne Arundel County (listenⓘ; /əˈrʌndəl/), also notated as AA or A.A. County, is located in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2020 United States census, its population was 588,261, an increase of just under 10% since 2010. Its county seat is Annapolis, which is also the capital of the state. The county is named for Anne Arundell (c. 1615/1616–1649), Lady Baltimore, a member of the Arundell family in Cornwall, England, and the wife of Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore (1605–1675), founder and first lord proprietor of the colony Province of Maryland. The county is part of the Central Maryland region of the state. Anne Arundel County is included in the Washington–Baltimore–Arlington combined statistical area.
Gisela Storz
Gisela Storz is a microbiologist at the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). She is the Associate Scientific Director of the Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology of NICHD. She is also a member of the National Academy of Sciences.

Oxidation response
Oxidation response is stimulated by a disturbance in the balance between the production of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant responses, known as oxidative stress. Active species of oxygen naturally occur in aerobic cells and have both intracellular and extracellular sources. These species, if not controlled, damage all components of the cell, including proteins, lipids and DNA. Hence cells need to maintain a strong defense against the damage.
The following table gives an idea of the antioxidant defense system in bacterial system.
Eric Kaz
Eric Justin Kaz (born 21 January 1946)
is an American singer-songwriter born in Brooklyn, New York. Besides his solo work, Kaz was a member of Blues Magoos for their fourth and fifth albums, Never Goin' Back to Georgia and Gulf Coast Bound. Kaz has had many songwriting accolades and awards from ASCAP and CMA, top-ten hits in pop and R&B, number one country hits by George Strait and many others, as well as adult contemporary hits, including the number one hit song  'That's What Love is All About' by Michael Bolton. He also was a member of the band American Flyer along with Craig Fuller of Pure Prairie League, Steve Katz of Blood, Sweat & Tears, and Doug Yule of The Velvet Underground for two albums released on the United Artists label in the late 1970s.

Doug Yule
Douglas Alan Yule (born February 25, 1947) is an American musician and singer, most notable for being a member of the Velvet Underground from 1968 to 1973, serving as the bassist, guitarist, keyboardist and vocalist.