hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
QS Enterprises Ltd.
QS Enterprises Ltd in Queen Square, Central London is a wholly owned trading subsidiary of the University College London Hospitals Charity.  It was the first health sector social enterprise of its kind in the United Kingdom and remains one of the few independent organisations working for the direct benefit of an NHS institution.  Since 1985, QS Enterprises Ltd has donated in excess of £25 million to the Charity for the benefit of the hospitals that make up the University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust.

QS Enterprises Ltd now operates across two divisions: Queen Square Imaging Centre which works in partnership with The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery in Queen Square, London, and the Chenies Mews Imaging Centre, a dedicated clinical and research cardiac Magnetic Resonance Scanner (MRI) facility on Chenies Mews, Central London

National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery
51°31′20″N 0°7′19″W﻿ / ﻿51.52222°N 0.12194°W﻿ / 51.52222; -0.12194

The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (informally the National Hospital or Queen Square) is a neurological hospital in Queen Square, London. It is part of the University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. It was the first hospital to be established in England dedicated exclusively to treating the diseases of the nervous system. It is closely associated with University College London (UCL) and in partnership with the UCL Institute of Neurology, which occupies the same site, is a major centre for neuroscience research.
Stijn Schaars
Stephanus Johannes "Stijn" Schaars (Dutch pronunciation: [stɛin ˈsxaːrs]; born 11 January 1984) is a Dutch professional football coach and a former midfielder who is the manager of Eerste Divisie club Jong PSV.

2008–09 Eredivisie
The 2008–09 Eredivisie was the 53rd season of Eredivisie since its establishment in 1955. PSV were the reigning champions. The season began on 29 August 2008 with a game between Vitesse Arnhem and FC Groningen and ended on 10 May 2009. A total of 18 teams take part in the league, consisting of 16 who competed in the previous season and two promoted from the Eerste Divisie. The teams promoted from the Eerste Divisie at the end of the previous season were champions FC Volendam, and play-off winners ADO Den Haag. AZ clinched their second title, their first coming in 1981.
108th Motor Rifle Division
The 108th Nevelskaya Motor Rifle Division, abbreviated as the "108th MRD," was a unit of the Soviet Ground Forces and the Armed Forces of Uzbekistan. It was the successor to the 360th Rifle Division. The division was created in August 1941 by the State Defence Committee and the Volga Military District Commander, Vasily Gerasimenko, in the Volga Military District. The 360th compiled a distinguished record of service during the Great Patriotic War on the northern sector of the Soviet-German front, including the award of a battle honour and the Order of the Red Banner.

Volga Military District
The Volga Military District (PriVO) was a military district of the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation that existed from 1918 to 1989 and 1992 to 2001.

The district headquarters was located at Kazan, Saratov and Kuibyshev (Samara) at different points in time.
Oussama Idrissi
Oussama Idrissi (Arabic: أسامة ادريسي; born 26 February 1996) is a professional footballer who plays as a winger for Liga MX club Pachuca. Born in the Netherlands, he represented Morocco at international level.

AZ Alkmaar
Alkmaar Zaanstreek (Dutch: [ˈɑl(ə)kmaːr ˈzaːnstreːk]), better known internationally as AZ Alkmaar, or simply and most commonly as AZ (pronounced [aːˈzɛt]) in the Netherlands, is a Dutch professional football club from Alkmaar and the Zaan district. The club plays in the Eredivisie, the highest professional football league in the Netherlands.

AZ won the Eredivisie in 1980–81 and 2008–09. In 1981, they also reached the UEFA Cup final, which they lost to Ipswich Town. The team has won the KNVB Cup on four occasions, and one Johan Cruyff Shield.
Book Girl (film)
Book Girl (劇場版文学少女, Gekijōban Bungaku Shōjo; Book Girl Film Edition) is a Japanese anime film directed by Shunsuke Tada and produced by Production I.G as a commemoration of Enterbrain's ten-year anniversary. The film is based on the light novel series Book Girl written by Mizuki Nomura, with illustrations by Miho Takeoka. It was released in Japanese theaters on May 1, 2010 and later released on Blu-ray Disc and DVD on August 27, 2010 by Pony Canyon.

Book Girl
Book Girl (文学少女, Bungaku Shōjo; lit. Literature Girl) is a collection of Japanese light novels by Mizuki Nomura, with illustrations by Miho Takeoka. The series contains 16 volumes: eight cover the original series, four are short story collections, and four are of a side story. The novels were published between April 2006 and April 2011 by Enterbrain under their Famitsu Bunko imprint. Yen Press licensed the light novel series and began releasing it in English in North America in July 2010. There have been four manga adaptations serialized in Square Enix's shōnen Gangan Powered and Gangan Joker, and Kadokawa Shoten's shōjo Beans Ace and Monthly Asuka. An anime film adaptation produced by Production I.G was released in Japanese theaters on May 1, 2010.
Testosterone poisoning
Testosterone poisoning is a popular term used to explain behaviors that are deemed excessively masculine. It is also used by transfeminine people, including transgender women and nonbinary individuals, to describe the negative effects that testosterone has had on their bodies.

Masculinity
Masculinity (also called manhood or manliness) is a set of attributes, behaviors, and roles generally associated with men and boys. Masculinity can be theoretically understood as socially constructed, and there is also evidence that some behaviors considered masculine are influenced by both cultural factors and biological factors. To what extent masculinity is biologically or socially influenced is subject to debate. It is distinct from the definition of the biological male sex, as anyone can exhibit masculine traits. Standards of masculinity vary across different cultures and historical periods. In Western cultures, its meaning is traditionally drawn from being contrasted with femininity.
Clerodendrum paniculatum
Clerodendrum paniculatum, the pagoda flower, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Clerodendrum of the Mint Family (Lamiaceae). It is native to tropical Asia and Papuasia (southern China including Taiwan, Indochina, southern India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Borneo, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Philippines, Bismarck Archipelago), Fiji, and French Polynesia. It is introduced in Central America. It is noted for its red flowers, arranged in a thyrsoid cyme up to 40 cm (16 in) long by 38 cm (15 in) wide, and very precisely formed.

Papuasia
Papuasia is a Level 2 botanical region defined in the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD). It lies in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, in the Melanesia ecoregion of Oceania and Tropical Asia.

It comprises the following geographic and political entities:

Aru Islands (Indonesia; treated as part of Western New Guinea in the Scheme)

New Guinea
Papua New Guinea
Western New Guinea (Indonesia)

Solomon Islands (archipelago)
Bougainville
Solomon Islands (excluding the Santa Cruz Islands)
Nennhausen station
Nennhausen (German: Bahnhof Nennhausen) is a railway station in the town of Nennhausen, Brandenburg, Germany. The station lies of the Berlin–Lehrte railway and the train services are operated by Ostdeutsche Eisenbahn (ODEG).

The station is served by the following service:

Regional services RE 4 (Stendal –) Rathenow – Nennhausen – Wustermark – Berlin – Ludwigsfelde – Jüterbog (– Falkenberg (Elster))

Ludwigsfelde station
Ludwigsfelde station is located in the town of Ludwigsfelde on the Anhalt Railway south of Berlin and is one of the oldest railway stations in the German state Brandenburg. The station building, which was built around 1880, is a listed building and is the second oldest building in the town. It now houses a museum. Several houses in the railway station area are also listed buildings.
Adnan Menderes Airport railway station
Adnan Menderes Airport railway station also referred to as just Airport (Turkish: Adnan Menderes Havalimanı, Havalimanı) is a railway station in southern Gaziemir. The station is served by regional trains heading to southwestern Turkey, operated by the Turkish State Railways. The station allows a connection for people between planes at Adnan Menderes Airport to direct train service into İzmir. All regional trains stops at the station. The station was built in 1987 along with the completion of the airport. The İZBAN commuter rail service began serving the station on August 30, 2010. İZBAN operates between Aliağa and Tepeköy.

Gaziemir
Gaziemir is a municipality and district of İzmir Province, Turkey. Its area is 70 km2, and its population is 137,754 (2022). It is situated to the south of central İzmir (Konak) on the road into town. İzmir Adnan Menderes International Airport is situated within the boundaries of the district, as is the Aegean Free Zone export processing industrial park, which is also home to the third space camp in the world, Space Camp Turkey.
Oregon statistical areas
The U.S. State of Oregon currently has 24 statistical areas that have been delineated by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). On July 21, 2023, the OMB delineated four combined statistical areas, eight metropolitan statistical areas, and 12 micropolitan statistical areas in Oregon. As of 2023, the largest of these is the Portland-Vancouver-Salem, OR-WA CSA, anchored by Oregon's largest city, Portland and including its capital, Salem.

Core-based statistical area
A core-based statistical area (CBSA) is a U.S. geographic area defined by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). It contains a large population nucleus, or urban area, and adjacent communities that have a high degree of integration with that nucleus.

On July 15, 2015, the OMB released new standards based on the 2010 census. These standards are used to replace the definitions of metropolitan areas from the 2010 United States census data.
Operation Morris Dance
Operation Morris Dance was an Australian military operation conducted in May 1987 in response to the first of the 1987 Fijian coups d'état.

On the morning of 14 May 1987 the Military of Fiji took control of the country in a bloodless coup d'état. In response to the coup, the Australian Defence Force (ADF) began preparations to evacuate Australian citizens from Fiji. Five Australian warships (HMA Ships Stalwart, Sydney, Parramatta, Success, and Tobruk) were deployed to patrol south-west of Fiji. 'B' Company, 1st Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment was added to this force on 23 May, with the soldiers being flown from Townsville to Norfolk Island and transferred by helicopter to Stalwart, Tobruk, Sydney and Success. The Australian task force remained off Fiji until 29 May, when the situation in the country had stabilised.

1987 Fijian coups d'état
The Fijian coups d'état of 1987 resulted in the overthrow of the elected government of Fijian Prime Minister Timoci Bavadra, the deposition of Elizabeth II as Queen of Fiji, and in the declaration of a republic.  The first coup d'état, in which Bavadra was deposed, took place on 14 May 1987; a second coup d'état on 25 September ended the monarchy, and was shortly followed by the proclamation of a republic on 10 October.  Both military actions were led by Lieutenant Colonel Sitiveni Rabuka, then third in command of the Royal Fiji Military Forces.
Flynn Creek
Flynn Creek is a stream in Custer County, South Dakota. Its source is the Flynn Creek spring near the unincorporated community of Sanator, and its mouth is at the south fork of the Lame Johnny Creek, which later flows into the Cheyenne River about 20 miles (32 km) away.

Flynn Creek is named for Ed Flynn, a pioneer settler.

Cheyenne River
The Cheyenne River (Lakota: Wakpá Wašté; "Good River"), also written Chyone, referring to the Cheyenne people who once lived there, is a tributary of the Missouri River in the U.S. states of Wyoming and South Dakota. It is approximately 295 miles (475 km) long and drains an area of 24,240 square miles (62,800 km2). About 60% of the drainage basin is in South Dakota and almost all of the remainder is in Wyoming.
Different 'Round Here (song)
"Different 'Round Here" is a song by American country music singer Riley Green. Originally recorded by Green on his 2019 album Different 'Round Here, it was re-recorded in 2023 as a duet with Luke Combs and released on May 11, 2023 as the lead single from Green's second studio album Ain't My Last Rodeo. The song reached number two on the Country Airplay chart during the 10-week reign of "World on Fire" by Nate Smith.

World on Fire (Nate Smith song)
"World on Fire" is a song by American country music singer Nate Smith, written by Smith, Ashley Gorley, Taylor Phillips and Lindsay Rimes. It was released on June 5, 2023, as the second single from his self-titled debut album.
1955 RAC Tourist Trophy
The 1955 RAC Tourist Trophy took place on 17 September, on the roads around Dundrod, (County Antrim, Northern Ireland).  It was also the fifth round of the F.I.A. World Sports Car Championship, and it was the first championship race following the horrendous tragedy at Le Mans. It was also the Golden Jubilee year for the RAC Tourist Trophy. Going into the race, Ferrari were leading the Manufacturers Championship by four points from Jaguar, and victory for the Italian marque would have put them in a strong position to win a third successive title.

1955 World Sportscar Championship
The 1955 World Sportscar Championship season was the third season of FIA World Sportscar Championship motor racing. It featured a series of six endurance races for sportscars, contested from 23 January to 16 October 1955.

The championship was won by Mercedes-Benz, the German manufacturer ending the dominance of Ferrari which had won both of the previous World Sportscar Championship titles.
Glossary of breathing apparatus terminology
A breathing apparatus or breathing set is equipment which allows a person to breathe in a hostile environment where breathing would otherwise be impossible, difficult, harmful, or hazardous, or assists a person to breathe.  A respirator, medical ventilator, or resuscitator may also be considered to be breathing apparatus. Equipment that supplies or recycles breathing gas other than ambient air in a space used by several people is usually referred to as being part of a life-support system, and a life-support system for one person may include breathing apparatus, when the breathing gas is specifically supplied to the user rather than to the enclosure in which the user is the occupant.

All terms are defined in the context of breathing apparatus, and may have other meanings in other contexts not mentioned here. There are also many terms which are specific to underwater breathing apparatus  (UBA) that may be found in the Glossary of underwater diving terminology.

Supplied-air respirator
A supplied-air respirator (SAR) or air-line respirator is a breathing apparatus used in places where the ambient air may not be safe to breathe. It uses an air hose to supply air from outside the danger zone. It is similar to a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), except that SCBA users carry their air with them in high pressure cylinders, while SAR users get it from a remote stationary air supply connected to them by a hose. They may be equipped with a backup air tank in case the air-line gets cut.
NGC 2804
NGC 2804 is a lenticular galaxy in the constellation of Cancer. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 8580 ± 20 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 	126.55 ± 8.86 Mpc (~413 million light-years). It was discovered by British astronomer John Herschel on 24 February 1827. This galaxy was also observed by the French astronomer Stéphane Javelle on 9 April 1896, and was later added to the Index Catalogue as IC 2455.

According to the SIMBAD database, NGC 2804 is a LINER galaxy, i.e. a galaxy whose nucleus has an emission spectrum characterized by broad lines of weakly ionized atoms.

One supernova has been observed in NGC 2804: SN 2023ftr (Type Ia, mag. 18.51) was discovered by the Zwicky Transient Facility on 16 April 2023.

Cancer (constellation)
Cancer is one of the twelve constellations of the zodiac and is located in the Northern celestial hemisphere. Its name is Latin for crab and it is commonly represented as one. Cancer is a medium-size constellation with an area of 506 square degrees and its stars are rather faint, its brightest star Beta Cancri having an apparent magnitude of 3.5. It contains ten stars with known planets, including 55 Cancri, which has five: one super-Earth and four gas giants, one of which is in the habitable zone and as such has expected temperatures similar to Earth. At the (angular) heart of this sector of our celestial sphere is Praesepe (Messier 44), one of the closest open clusters to Earth and a popular target for amateur astronomers.
2002 New Hampshire gubernatorial election
The 2002 New Hampshire gubernatorial election was held on November 5, 2002. Three-term incumbent Democratic governor Jeanne Shaheen opted to unsuccessfully run for the United States Senate rather than seek a fourth term as governor. Republican Craig Benson, a self-funded businessman, defeated Democrat Mark Fernald, a state senator, in the general election after both won contested primary elections.

This was the only time a Republican was elected governor between 1994 and 2016.

2002 United States Senate election in New Hampshire
The 2002 United States Senate election in New Hampshire was held on November 5, 2002. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Bob Smith was defeated in the Republican primary by U.S. Representative John E. Sununu. Sununu won the open seat, defeating Democratic Governor Jeanne Shaheen. As of 2025, this was the last time Republicans or a male candidate won the Class 2 Senate seat in New Hampshire; Shaheen defeated Sununu in their 2008 rematch for this seat and has held it since 2009. This was Shaheen’s only unsuccessful run for elected office. Smith later ran for this seat again in 2014 and lost the Republican primary.
2023 Sandown 500
The 2023 Sandown 500 (commercially titled 2023 Penrite Oil Sandown 500) was a motor racing event for Supercars, held on the weekend of 15 to 17 September 2023. The event was held at Sandown Raceway in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia and consisted of one race, scheduled to be 500 kilometres in length. It was the ninth event of twelve in the 2023 Supercars Championship and hosted Race 23 of the series.

2023 Supercars Championship
The 2023 Supercars Championship (known for commercial reasons as the 2023 Repco Supercars Championship) was a motor racing series for Supercars.

It was the twenty-fifth running of the Supercars Championship and the twenty-seventh series in which Supercars have contested the Australian Touring Car Championship, the premier title in Australian motorsport. It was the sixty-fourth season of touring car racing in Australia.

The 2023 season saw the introduction of Gen3, a revision to the sport's technical regulations. These regulations were designed to cut costs for competitors by introducing more standardised components to the cars and redesigning the chassis to favour coupé body shapes.

Brodie Kostecki and Erebus Motorsport secured their first Drivers' and Teams' Champions respectively.
2023 Tour de Suisse Women
The 2023 Tour de Suisse Women was a women's road cycling stage race that was held in Switzerland from 17 to 20 June 2023. It was the seventh edition of the Tour de Suisse and was the nineteenth event on the 2023 UCI Women's World Tour calendar, joining the World Tour for the first time. The race was held following the men's Tour de Suisse.

It was won by Swiss rider Marlen Reusser of SD Worx, in her third win of the season. SD Worx dominated the event, winning 4 out of 5 classifications.

2023 Tour de Suisse
The 2023 Tour de Suisse was a road cycling stage race that took place between 11 and 18 June 2023 in Switzerland. It was the 86th edition of the Tour de Suisse and the 24th event of the 2023 UCI World Tour.

On 16 June 2023, Swiss rider Gino Mäder died in hospital in Chur after a heavy crash on the descent of the Albula Pass during stage 5. Stage 6 was neutralised and a short homage to Mäder was completed instead.
Zakaria Labyad
Zakaria Labyad (Arabic: زكريا لبيض; born  9 March 1993) is a professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder or forward for Corinthians in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A. Born in the Netherlands, he represented that nation at under-17 level before switching his allegiance to Morocco and playing for them at under-23 level.

2011–12 KNVB Cup
The 2011–12 KNVB Cup was the 94th season of the Dutch national football knockout tournament. The competition began on 24 August 2011 with the matches of Round 1 and ended with the final on 8 April 2012. FC Twente were the defending champions having won the cup the previous season.
The winner PSV Eindhoven qualifies for the play-off round of the 2012–13 UEFA Europa League.
Structural cohesion
In sociology, structural cohesion is the conception of a useful formal definition and measure of cohesion in social groups. It is defined as the minimal number of actors in a social network that need to be removed to disconnect the group. It is thus identical to the question of the node connectivity of a given graph in discrete mathematics. The vertex-cut version of Menger's theorem also proves that the disconnection number is equivalent to a maximally sized group with a network in which every pair of persons has at least this number of separate paths between them. It is also useful to know that k-cohesive graphs (or k-components) are always a subgraph of a k-core, although a k-core is not always k-cohesive. A k-core is simply a subgraph in which all nodes have at least k neighbors but it need not even be connected.

The boundaries of structural endogamy in a kinship group are a special case of structural cohesion.

Menger's theorem
In the mathematical discipline of graph theory, Menger's theorem says that in a finite graph, the size of a minimum cut set is equal to the maximum number of disjoint paths that can be found between any pair of vertices.
Proved by Karl Menger in 1927, it characterizes the connectivity of a graph.
It is generalized by the max-flow min-cut theorem, which is a weighted, edge version, and which in turn is a special case of the strong duality theorem for linear programs.
USS Lindsey
USS Lindsey (DD-771/DM-32/MMD-32) was a Robert H. Smith-class destroyer minelayer in the United States Navy during World War II. She was named for Eugene E. Lindsey.

Lindsey was laid down as DD-771 as an Allen M. Sumner-class destroyer on 12 September 1943 by Bethlehem Shipbuilding, San Pedro, California and launched on 5 March 1944; sponsored by Mrs. Eugene E. Lindsey, widow of Lt. Comdr. Lindsey. The ship was reclassified DM-32 on 19 July 1944 and commissioned on 20 August 1944.

Robert H. Smith-class destroyer
The Robert H. Smith class of destroyer minelayers was built by the United States during World War II. The class was named for naval officer Robert H. Smith.

These vessels were all originally laid down as Allen M. Sumner-class destroyers and converted during construction in 1944. In that time the United States produced twelve Robert H. Smith-class destroyer minelayers. Their original hull numbers were DD-735-40, 749–51, and 771–73. None of the Robert H. Smith-class vessels ever laid a mine in wartime, though they were frequently employed in minesweeping. Minelayers did not carry torpedo tubes. Otherwise they were used interchangeably with other destroyer types. As radar pickets at Okinawa, Aaron Ward, Lindsey, and J. William Ditter were damaged by kamikazes, and Shea by a Baka bomb. Five of the class served actively in the 1950s, but all survivors were mothballed by the end of the decade and were disposed of in the 1970s. None of this class received FRAM conversions.