hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Indexed file
An indexed file is a computer file with an index that allows easy random access to any record given its file key.

The key must be such that it uniquely identifies a record. If more than one index is present the other ones are called alternate indexes. The indexes are created with the file and maintained by the system.

IBM supports indexed files with the Indexed Sequential Access Method (ISAM) on OS/360 and successors. IBM virtual storage operating systems added VSAM, which supports indexed files as Key Sequenced Data Sets (KSDS), with more options. Support for indexed files is built into COBOL and PL/I. Other languages with more limited I/O facilities such as C support indexed files through add-on packages in a runtime library such as C-ISAM. Some of Digital's operating systems, such as OpenVMS, support indexed file I/O using the Record Management Services.

In recent systems, relational databases are often used in place of indexed files.

Virtual Storage Access Method
Virtual Storage Access Method (VSAM) is an IBM direct-access storage device (DASD) file storage access method, first used in the OS/VS1, OS/VS2 Release 1 (SVS) and Release 2 (MVS) operating systems, later used throughout the Multiple Virtual Storage (MVS) architecture and now in z/OS. Originally a record-oriented filesystem, VSAM comprises four data set organizations: key-sequenced (KSDS), relative record (RRDS), entry-sequenced (ESDS) and linear (LDS). The KSDS, RRDS and ESDS organizations contain records, while the LDS organization (added later to VSAM) contains a sequence of pages with no intrinsic record structure, for use as a memory-mapped file.
Jay Reynolds (producer)
Jay Reynolds is a 2 x Grammy award-winning mixer, record producer, songwriter and musician.  He has produced and mixed albums/singles for Dua Lipa, Fred Again, Bob Moses, Khalid, Headie One, Just Jack, Pixie Lott, Paloma Faith, The Vamps, Nines, AJ Tracey, James Blunt, Aitch, Tom Walker, Griff, Liam Gallagher, Rudimental, Ella Henderson, Swedish House Mafia, Clementine Douglas and Stormzy.

Having mixed the title track to  Berwyn - Who Am I The Album won Best Album at the 2025 Ivor Novello awards.

Tom Walker (singer)
Thomas Alexander Walker (born 17 December 1991) is a British singer-songwriter. He rose to fame after the release of his single "Leave a Light On", which peaked at number seven on the UK Singles Chart in June 2018.
Akkermansia muciniphila
Akkermansia muciniphila is a human intestinal symbiont, isolated from human feces. It is a mucin-degrading bacterium belonging to the genus Akkermansia, discovered in 2004 by Muriel Derrien and Willem de Vos at Wageningen University of the Netherlands.: 1474  It belongs to the phylum Verrucomicrobiota and its type strain is MucT (=ATCC BAA-835T =CIP 107961T). It is under preliminary research for its potential beneficial associations with metabolic disorders.

Mucin
Mucins (/ˈmjuːsɪn/) are a family of high molecular weight, heavily glycosylated proteins (glycoconjugates) produced by epithelial tissues in most animals. Mucins' key characteristic is their ability to form gels; therefore they are a key component in most gel-like secretions, serving functions from lubrication to cell signalling to forming chemical barriers. They often take an inhibitory role. Some mucins are associated with controlling mineralization, including nacre formation in mollusks, calcification in echinoderms and bone formation in vertebrates. They bind to pathogens as part of the immune system. Overexpression of the mucin proteins, especially MUC1, is associated with many types of cancer.

Although some mucins are membrane-bound due to the presence of a hydrophobic membrane-spanning domain that favors retention in the plasma membrane, most mucins are secreted as principal components of mucus by mucous membranes or are secreted to become a component of saliva.
MindGamers
MindGamers is a 2015 Austrian science fiction film directed by Andrew Goth. The film was theatrically released on March 28, 2017 through Terra Mater Factual Studios. The film stars Tom Payne, Dominique Tipper, Sam Neill, Melia Kreiling, Antonia Campbell-Hughes, Turlough Convery and Oliver Stark.

Tom Payne (actor)
Tom Payne (born 21 December 1982) is an English actor. He is known for appearing on AMC's The Walking Dead as Paul "Jesus" Rovia, and BBC's Waterloo Road as Brett Aspinall. He portrayed Malcolm Bright on the American television series Prodigal Son from 2019 to 2021. Payne also currently has a recurring role in Law & Order: Organized Crime.
Erin's Isle GAA
Erin's Isle (Irish: Oileán na hÉireann) is a Gaelic games club in Finglas, Dublin, Ireland.

The club has won the Dublin Senior Football Championship on two occasions, in 1993 and 1997. It also won the Leinster Senior Club Football Championship in 1997, and contested the final of the 1997–98 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship, losing to Corofin.

Erin's Isle won the Dublin Juvenile Football Championship for the first time in 1983 and the Dublin Minor Football Championship for the first time in 1985. The club has won the Dublin Senior Hurling Championship on one occasion, in 1983.

Dublin Senior Hurling Championship
The Dublin Senior Hurling Championship (Irish: Craobh Sinsear Iomána Átha Cliath) is an annual hurling competition organised by the Dublin County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) since 1887 for the top hurling clubs in County Dublin, Ireland.

Sixteen clubs compete. Initially the teams are divided into four groups of four with the group matches being played from April to May with a break to accommodate the All-Ireland Championship and resume during August or September. The group stage is followed by a knock-out phase which takes place during the months of October and November.

Sponsored by Go-Ahead, it is therefore officially known as the Go-Ahead Dublin Senior Hurling Championship.

Since the establishment of the Dublin Senior Hurling Championship in 1887, a total of 26 clubs have won the tournament. Faughs have been the most successful club having won 31 titles.

Na Fianna are the title holders having defeated Lucan Sarsfields 1-20 to 0-22 in the 2025 final.
Haripur Bridge
Haripur Bridge (Bengali: হরিপুর সেতু; formerly known as Sheikh Russel Bridge) is a road bridge built over Gorai River in Kushtia town of Kushtia District. Construction of the bridge began in 2013 and the bridge was opened to the public in 2017.

Kushtia District
Kushtia District (Bengali: কুষ্টিয়া জেলা; pronounced [kuʃʈi̯a‿d͡ʒela] ⓘ) is a district in the Khulna administrative division of western Bangladesh. Kushtia is the second largest municipality in Bangladesh and the eleventh largest city in the country. Kushtia has existed as a separate district since the partition of India. Prior to that, Kushtia was name of a subdivision of Nadia district. Kushtia is the birthplace of many historical figures including Mir Mosharraf Hossain (1847–1912), Bagha Jatin (1879–1915) Akshay Kumar Maitreya(1861 – 1930) and Lalon (1774–1890). Nobel laureate poet Rabindranath Tagore lived his early life at Shelaidaha, a village in the district.
TTCN-3
TTCN-3 (Testing and Test Control Notation version 3) is a strongly typed testing language used in conformance testing of communicating systems. TTCN-3 is written by ETSI in the ES 201 873 series, and standardized by ITU-T in the Z.160 Series.
TTCN-3 has its own data types and can be combined with ASN.1, IDL and XML type definitions.

European Telecommunications Standards Institute
The European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) is an independent, not-for-profit, standardization organization operating in the field of information and communications. ETSI supports the development and testing of global technical standards for ICT-enabled systems, applications and services.
Yann Goulet
Yann Goulet (or Yann Renard-Goulet; 20 August 1914 – 22 August 1999) was a Breton sculptor, Breton nationalist and war-time collaborationist with Nazi Germany who headed the Breton Bagadou Stourm militia. He later took Irish citizenship and became a professor of sculpture at the Royal Hibernian Academy.

Royal Hibernian Academy
The Royal Hibernian Academy of Arts (RHA) is an artist-based and artist-oriented institution in Ireland, founded in Dublin in 1823. Like many other Irish institutions, such as the Royal Irish Academy, the academy retained the word "Royal" after most of Ireland became independent as the Irish Free State in December 1922.
Hidden Lake (White Cloud Mountains)
Hidden Lake is an alpine lake in Custer County, Idaho, United States, located in the White Cloud Mountains in the Sawtooth National Recreation Area.  The lake is accessed from Sawtooth National Forest trail 683.

Hidden Lake is northwest of Merriam Peak and located in the lower section of the Boulder Chain Lakes Basin.

Sawtooth National Recreation Area
The Sawtooth National Recreation Area (SNRA) is a national recreation area in central Idaho, United States that is managed as part of Sawtooth National Forest. The recreation area, established on August 22, 1972, is managed by the U.S. Forest Service, and includes the Sawtooth, Hemingway–Boulders, and Cecil D. Andrus–White Clouds wilderness areas. Activities within the 730,864-acre (2,957.70 km2) recreation area include hiking, backpacking, White water rafting, camping, rock climbing, kayaking, mountain biking, fishing, and hunting.

The SNRA headquarters are about seven miles (11 km) north of Ketchum on Highway 75. SNRA also has a ranger station in Stanley, near its northern boundary.
Lee Chun Hei
Reginald Lee Chun Hei (Chinese: 李晉熙; Jyutping: lei5 zeon3 hei1, born 25 January 1994) is a Hong Kong badminton player.
He is a former Asian Champion and World Championships bronze medalist in the mixed doubles category partnered with Chau Hoi Wah.

BWF World Championships
The BWF World Championships is a badminton tournament organized by the Badminton World Federation. It's the most prestigious badminton competition, offering the most ranking points, along with the Summer Olympics badminton events introduced in 1992. The winners of the tournament are World Champions of the sport and are awarded a gold medal.

The tournament started in 1977 and was held once every three years until 1983. However, the International Badminton Federation faced difficulty in hosting the first two events as the World Badminton Federation, which later merged with the IBF to form one badminton federation, hosted the same tournament a year after the IBF World Championships with the same goals.

Since 1985, the tournament became biennial and played once every two years until 2005. Starting 2006, the tournament was changed to an annual event on the BWF calendar. The tournament is not held during the Summer Olympics years to avoid schedule conflicts.
Jehu Davis
John (Jehu) Davis (1738 – May 11, 1802) was an American planter and politician from Mispillion Hundred, in Kent County, Delaware, west of Milford. He served in the Delaware General Assembly and as President of Delaware.

Mispillion Hundred
Mispillion Hundred is a hundred in Kent County, Delaware, United States. Mispillion Hundred was formed in 1682 as one of the original Delaware Hundreds. Its primary community is Harrington.
It originally embraced all lands south of Murderkill Creek and north of Mispillion Creek from Delaware River to Maryland line. In 1830 was divided into two approximately equal parts, the eastern part being called Milford Hundred and the western part retaining the name Mispillion.
Ma Zhancang
Ma Zhancang (simplified Chinese: 马占仓; traditional Chinese: 馬占倉; pinyin: Mǎ Zhàncāng; Wade–Giles: Ma Chan-ts'ang, Xiao'erjing: ﻣَﺎ جً ﺿْﺎ; ? - 1937) was a Hui Chinese Muslim general of the New 36th Division of the National Revolutionary Army. He served under the generals Ma Zhongying and Ma Hushan. At the Battle of Kashgar (1933), he repulsed an attack by Uyghurs led by the Syrian Arab Tawfiq Bay, wounding Tawfiq. He fought and defeated the Uyghur and Kyrgyz rebels of the First East Turkestan Republic at the Battle of Kashgar, the Battle of Yarkand and the Battle of Yangi Hissar in 1934. He killed the Uyghur leaders Timur Beg, Abdullah Bughra and Nur Ahmad Jan Bughra.

Ma Hushan
Ma Hushan (Xiao'erjing: ﻣَﺎ ﺧُﻮْ شً, traditional Chinese: 馬虎山; simplified Chinese: 马虎山; pinyin: Mǎ Hǔshān; 1910 – 1954) was a Chinese Muslim warlord and the brother-in-law and follower of Ma Zhongying, a Dungan/Hui Ma Clique warlord. He ruled over an area of Southern Xinjiang, called Tunganistan by Westerners (as the Hui were then known as 'Tunganis'), from 1934 to 1937. Locals sometimes referred to him as padishah (lit. 'king').
Edwardsiella andrillae
Edwardsiella andrillae is a species of sea anemone that uniquely lives anchored to the underside of sea ice offshore of Antarctica.  It was discovered in December 2010 during a test run of an undersea robot by a team of researchers associated with the Antarctic Geological Drilling (ANDRILL) Program. The newly discovered anemone was named for the aforementioned program.

ANDRILL
ANDRILL (ANtarctic DRILLing Project) is a scientific drilling project in Antarctica gathering information about past periods of global warming and cooling.

The project involves scientists from Germany, Italy, New Zealand, and the United States. The project is based at McMurdo Station in Antarctica. At two sites in 2006 and 2007, ANDRILL team members drilled through ice, seawater, sediment and rock to a depth over more than 1,200 m (3,900 ft) and recovered a virtually continuous core record from the present to nearly 20 million years ago. In 2010, an ANDRILL team discovered a new species of sea anemone that lives on the underside of the Ross Ice Shelf.
Idaho's 10th legislative district
Idaho's 10th legislative district is one of 35 districts of the Idaho Legislature. It is currently represented in the Senate by Tammy Nichols, a Republican from Caldwell, and by Republicans Julie Yamamoto and Bruce Skaug in the House of Representatives.

Canyon County, Idaho
Canyon County is located in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 231,105, which by 2022 was estimated to have risen to 251,065. making it the second-most populous county in Idaho. The county seat is Caldwell, and its largest city is Nampa. Canyon County is part of the Boise metropolitan area.
WorldCom scandal
The WorldCom scandal was a major accounting scandal discovered in June 2002 at WorldCom, then the second-largest long-distance telephone company in the United States. Between 1999 and 2002, senior executives led by founder and CEO Bernard Ebbers engaged in accounting fraud to inflate earnings and maintain the company's stock price.

The fraud was discovered by the company's internal audit unit under vice president Cynthia Cooper, who identified over $3.8 billion in fraudulent balance sheet entries. Subsequent investigations revealed that WorldCom had overstated its assets by over $11 billion, making it the largest accounting fraud in American history at that time. WorldCom filed for bankruptcy approximately one year after the scandal's disclosure.

Accounting scandals
Accounting scandals are business scandals that arise from intentional manipulation of financial statements, with the disclosure of financial misdeeds by trusted executives of corporations or governments. Such misdeeds typically involve complex methods for misusing or misdirecting funds, overstating revenues, understating expenses, overstating the value of corporate assets, or underreporting the existence of liabilities; these can be detected either manually or by means of deep learning. It involves an employee, an accountant, or the corporation itself and is misleading to investors and shareholders.

This type of "creative accounting" can amount to fraud, and investigations are typically launched by government oversight agencies, such as the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in the United States. Employees who commit accounting fraud at the request of their employers are subject to personal criminal prosecution.
Gary E. Jacobs
Gary E. Jacobs (born 1957) is an American businessman, founder of Gary and Jerri-Ann Jacobs High Tech High Charter School, and owner of the Lake Elsinore Storm. He is the father of U.S. Representative Sara Jacobs.

Gary and Jerri-Ann Jacobs High Tech High Charter School
Gary and Jerri-Ann Jacobs High Tech High Charter School, often referred to as High Tech High (HTH), is a public charter high school in San Diego, California, United States. The school is now one of several schools operated under the High Tech High charter schools umbrella organization.
Apollinare Calderini
Apollinare Calderini (Ravenna, second half of the 16th century – first half of the 17th century) was an Italian Catholic clergyman and writer. Deeply devoted to ministry and preaching, he studied the work of the philosopher Giovanni Botero in depth.

Giovanni Botero
Giovanni Botero (c. 1544 – 23 June 1617) was an Italian thinker, priest, poet, and diplomat, author of  Della Ragion di Stato (The Reason of State), in ten chapters, printed in Venice in 1589, and of Universal Relations, (Rome, 1591), addressing the world geography and ethnography. With his emphasis that the wealth of cities was caused by adding value to raw materials, Botero may be considered the ancestor of both Mercantilism and Cameralism.
Win Myint
Win Myint (Burmese: ဝင်းမြင့်, MLCTS: wang: mrang. [wɪ́ɰ̃ mjɪ̰ɰ̃]; born 8 November 1951) is a Burmese politician and diplomat who served as the tenth president of Myanmar from 2018 to 2021, when he was removed from office in the 2021 coup d'état. He was the speaker of the House of Representatives from 2016 to 2018. He also served as a member of parliament in the House of Representatives (Pyithu Hluttaw) from 2012 to 2018. Win Myint was viewed as an important ally of State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi.

State Counsellor of Myanmar
The State Counsellor of Myanmar (Burmese: နိုင်ငံတော်၏ အတိုင်ပင်ခံပုဂ္ဂိုလ်) was the de facto head of government of Myanmar, equivalent to a prime minister, from 2016 to 2021. The office was created in 2016 after Aung San Suu Kyi's National League for Democracy won the 2015 Myanmar general election so she could lead the government despite being constitutionally ineligible for the presidency. The officeholder could “contact ministries, departments, organizations, associations and individuals” in an official capacity, while being accountable to parliament. The office was abolished by Aung San Suu Kyi's political adversary, Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services Min Aung Hlaing, after he seized power from her in a 2021 military coup d'état.
Anna Karen
Ann Harrison McCall (19 September 1936 – 22 February 2022), professionally known as Anna Karen, was a British actress best known for playing Olive Rudge in the ITV sitcom On the Buses from 1969 to 1973 including its film spin-offs and stage version and Aunt Sal in the BBC soap opera EastEnders on a recurring basis from 1996 to 2017. She also reprised the role of Olive Rudge in The Rag Trade from 1977 to 1978, while her film roles included parts in two Carry On films: Carry On Camping (1969) and Carry On Loving (1970).

Carry On Camping
Carry On Camping is a 1969 British comedy film, the 17th release in the series of 31 Carry On films (1958–1992). It features series regulars Sid James, Kenneth Williams, Charles Hawtrey, Joan Sims, Terry Scott, Hattie Jacques, Barbara Windsor, Bernard Bresslaw, Dilys Laye and Peter Butterworth. The film was followed by Carry On Again Doctor in December 1969.
Dylan Guenther
Dylan Guenther (born April 10, 2003) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player who is a right winger for the Utah Mammoth of the National Hockey League (NHL).  He was selected by the Arizona Coyotes with the ninth overall pick in the 2021 NHL entry draft.

2021 NHL entry draft
The 2021 NHL entry draft was the 59th entry draft for the National Hockey League. It was held on July 23–24, 2021, delayed by one month from its normally scheduled time of June due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the later-than-normal finish of the 2020–21 NHL season. It was thus the first draft held in July since 2005. For the second year in a row, the event was held in a remote format, with teams convening via videoconferencing, and Commissioner Gary Bettman announcing the selections in the opening round and deputy commissioner Bill Daly in all subsequent rounds from the NHL Network studios in Secaucus, New Jersey.

The first three selections were Owen Power by the Buffalo Sabres, Matty Beniers by the Seattle Kraken, and Mason McTavish by the Anaheim Ducks.
2022 Tambaram City Municipal Corporation election
The First Tambaram City Municipal Corporation Election was held on 19 February 2022 to elect 70 Councillors from 70 wards across five zones in Tambaram, Tamil Nadu, India.

The Secular Progressive Alliance consisting of Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam and Indian National Congress won 54 seats. All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam became the second largest party by winning 9 seats. Independents won the other 7 seats.

2022 Tamil Nadu local elections
The 2022 Tamil Nadu urban local body elections to the local government in Tamil Nadu were held in urban areas in February 2022. The Greater Chennai Corporation, alongside 20 other municipal corporations of Tamil Nadu, went to polling on 19 February 2022 to elect councillors to represent the wards in the respective cities; the elected councillors chose a mayor from amongst themselves.
2011 WGC-Cadillac Championship
The 2011 WGC-Cadillac Championship was a golf tournament held March 10–13 at Doral Golf Resort & Spa in Doral, Florida, a suburb west of Miami. It was the 12th WGC-Cadillac Championship tournament, the second of four World Golf Championships events staged in 2011. Cadillac replaced CA Technologies as the title sponsor.

Nick Watney shot a final round 67 (−5) to win his first WGC event, two strokes ahead of runner-up Dustin Johnson.

2011 PGA Tour
The 2011 PGA Tour was the 96th season of the PGA Tour, the main professional golf tour in the United States. It was also the 43rd season since separating from the PGA of America, and the fifth edition of the FedEx Cup.
Plant-induced systemic resistance
Induced systemic resistance (ISR) is a resistance mechanism in plants that is activated by infection. Its mode of action does not depend on direct killing or inhibition of the invading pathogen, but rather on increasing physical or chemical barrier of the host plant. Like the Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) a plant can develop defenses against an invader such as a pathogen or parasite if an infection takes place. In contrast to SAR, which is triggered by the accumulation of salicylic acid, ISR instead relies on signal transduction pathways activated by jasmonate and ethylene.

Salicylic acid
Salicylic acid is an organic compound with the formula C7H6O3. A colorless (or white), bitter-tasting solid, it is a precursor to and a metabolite of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin). It is a plant hormone, and has been listed by the EPA Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Substance Inventory as an experimental teratogen. The name is from Latin salix for willow tree, from which it was initially identified and derived. It is an  ingredient in some anti-acne products. Salts and esters of salicylic acid are known as salicylates.