hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Manganese cycle
The manganese cycle is the biogeochemical cycle of manganese through the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and lithosphere. There are bacteria that oxidise manganese to insoluble oxides, and others that reduce it to Mn2+ in order to use it.

Manganese is a heavy metal that comprises about 0.1% of the Earth's crust and a necessary element for biological processes. It is cycled through the Earth in similar ways to iron, but with distinct redox pathways. Human activities have impacted the fluxes of manganese among the different spheres of the Earth.

Lithosphere
A lithosphere is the rigid outermost rocky shell of a terrestrial planet or natural satellite. On Earth, it is composed of the crust and the lithospheric mantle, the topmost portion of the upper mantle that behaves elastically on time scales of up to thousands of years or more. The crust and upper mantle are distinguished on the basis of chemistry and mineralogy.
Game board
A game board (or gameboard; sometimes, playing board or game map: 25 ) is the surface on which one plays a board game.

The oldest known game boards may date to Neolithic times; however, some scholars argue these may not have been game boards at all. Early Bronze Age artifacts are more universally recognized as game boards (for games such as Egyptian senet and mehen, and the Mesopotamian Royal Game of Ur). Most ancient board games were race games, utilizing random outcome generators like dice.

Game boards evolved in complexity and design, with early examples featuring various shapes before the quadrilateral grid became common for abstract games. They serve as the primary interaction zone for players and can range from simple to highly elaborate, sometimes incorporating three-dimensional or electronic components. Modern board games often illustrated modular or customizable boards, enhancing replay-ability and player engagement.

Race game
Race game is a large category of board games, in which the object is to be the first to move all one's pieces to the end of a track. This is both the earliest type of board game known, with implements and representations dating back to at least the 3rd millennium BC in Egypt, Iraq, and Iran; and also the most widely dispersed: "all cultures that have games at all have race games". Race games often use dice to decide game options and how far to move pieces.
Therapy (Tech N9ne EP)
Therapy is the sixth extended play (EP) by American rapper Tech N9ne. It was released on November 5, 2013, by Strange Music. The EP was produced by Ross Robinson and features guest appearances from Krizz Kaliko, Bernz, Wrekonize, Caroline Dupuy Heerwagen and Tyler Lyon. Session musicians include guitarist Wes Borland of Limp Bizkit and Black Light Burns and hardcore punk drummer Sammy Siegler. The EP is categorized by an aggressive nu metal sound.

Wrekonize
Benjamin Miller (born 5 May 1983), better known by his stage name Wrekonize, is an American underground rapper and current member of Miami band ¡Mayday!. He is currently signed to the record label Mayday Music, after previously being signed to Tech N9ne's Strange Music.
Hans Hübner
Hans Hübner (13 October 1837, in Düsseldorf – 4 July 1884, in Göttingen) was a German chemist. He was the son of painter Julius Hübner (1806–1882).

He studied chemistry at the University of Göttingen, receiving his doctorate in 1859 with a dissertation on acrolein. Following graduation, he continued his education at the University of Heidelberg with Robert Bunsen and at the University of Ghent under August Kekulé. In 1863 he obtained his habilitation at Göttingen, where from 1864 he worked as an assistant at the institute of chemistry under Friedrich Wöhler. In 1870 he became an associate professor, followed by a full professorship in 1874. In 1882 he succeeded Wöhler as director of the chemistry institute at the university.

With Friedrich Konrad Beilstein and Rudolph Fittig, he was editor of the journal Zeitschrift für Chemie (1865–71).

Robert Bunsen
Robert Wilhelm Eberhard Bunsen (German: [ˈʁoːbɛʁt ˈbʊnzn̩]; 
30 March 1811
– 16 August 1899) was a German chemist. He investigated emission spectra of heated elements, and  discovered caesium in 1860 and rubidium in 1861 with the physicist Gustav Kirchhoff. The Bunsen–Kirchhoff Award for spectroscopy is named after Bunsen and Kirchhoff.

Bunsen also developed several gas-analytical methods, was a pioneer in photochemistry, and did early work in the field of organic arsenic chemistry. With his laboratory assistant Peter Desaga, he developed the Bunsen burner, an improvement on the laboratory burners then in use.
North–South Corridor, Adelaide
The North–South Corridor is a series of component motorways travelling through Adelaide, South Australia that will eventually form a continuous link from Old Noarlunga in the outer southern metropolitan Adelaide suburbs through to Gawler in northern metropolitan Adelaide, comprising a distance of 78km. Under South Australia's road route system, the corridor is signed as route M2.

Comprising the Northern Expressway, the North–South Motorway and the Southern Expressway, parts of the corridor are still under construction, with the project aiming for completion by 2031.

Old Noarlunga, South Australia
Old Noarlunga (formerly Noarlunga) is a suburb in the Australian state of South Australia located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) south of the state capital of Adelaide. Originally settled around 1840, the town retains its village atmosphere in spite of encroaching suburbia.
1981–82 John Player Trophy
This was the eleventh season for the rugby league League Cup, which was once again known as the John Player Trophy for sponsorship reasons.

Hull F.C. won the trophy, beating derby rivals Hull Kingston Rovers by the score of 12-4 in the final, which was played at Headingley, Leeds, West Yorkshire. The attendance was 25,245 and receipts were £42987.

Headingley Stadium
Headingley Stadium is a stadium complex in Headingley, Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. Linked by a two-sided stand housing common facilities, it comprises two separate grounds: Headingley Cricket Ground (home of Yorkshire CCC) and Headingley Rugby Stadium (home of Leeds Rhinos RLFC).

The stadium was initially owned by the Leeds Cricket, Football, and Athletic Company (Leeds CF & A), the parent company of Leeds RLFC. Since 2006, the cricket ground has been owned by Yorkshire CCC, with the rugby ground retained by Leeds CF & A. The two organisations jointly manage the complex.
Michele Serena
Michele Serena (Italian pronunciation: [miˈkɛːle seˈreːna]; born 10 March 1970) is an Italian football manager, and former football defender, most recently in charge as manager of Serie C club Legnago. He usually played as a right-back, although he was capable of playing on either flank.

FC Legnago Salus
Football Club Legnago Salus (formerly Associazione Calcio Legnago Salus) is an Italian football club based in Legnago, Veneto.

It currently plays in Serie D, the fourth-highest division in the Italian football league system.
Martin Fillo
Martin Fillo (born 7 February 1986) is a Czech professional footballer who plays as a right winger.

Fillo is a former Czech Republic international and has played domestic football in the Czech Republic, Norway, England and Germany. He played Czech top-flight football for Viktoria Plzeň, Mladá Boleslav, 1. FK Příbram, FK Teplice, FC Baník Ostrava and FC Trinity Zlín.

FK Teplice
FK Teplice is a Czech professional football club based in the city of Teplice. The club competes in Czech First League, the top tier of Czech football.

The club was founded after World War II in 1945. The club advanced to the Czechoslovak First League in just three years after being founded and played mostly in the First and Second Czechoslovak divisions. After the Velvet Revolution and comeback of rich sponsor, Glaverbel (spun out of glassworks Sklo Union in 1991), the club played in the Second Division until returning to the top flight in the 1996–97 Czech First League. Teplice were runners up in the 1998–99 Czech First League and went on to play in the 1999–2000 UEFA Champions League, although they lost their first match against Borussia Dortmund. The club subsequently won the Czech Cup in 2003 and went on to beat Kaiserslautern and Feyenoord en route to the third round of the 2003–04 UEFA Cup before losing over two legs against Celtic.
Eastern Norway
Eastern Norway (Bokmål: Østlandet, Nynorsk: Austlandet) is the geographical region of the south-eastern part of Norway. It consists of the counties Oslo, Akershus, Vestfold, Østfold, Buskerud, Telemark, and Innlandet.

Eastern Norway is by far the most populous region of Norway. It contains the country's capital, Oslo, which is Norway's most populous city.

In Norwegian, the region is called Østlandet and Austlandet (lit. 'The east land') in contrast to Vestlandet (lit. 'The west land').

Buskerud
Buskerud (Urban East Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈbʉ̂skərʉː] ⓘ) is a county in Norway, bordering Akershus, Oslo, Innlandet, Vestland, Telemark and Vestfold. It extends from Oslofjord and Drammensfjord in the southeast to the Hardangervidda mountain range in the northwest. The administrative centre of the county is Drammen.

Buskerud was one of the three counties merged into Viken on 1 January 2020. On 23 February 2022, the Viken County Council voted 49-38 to submit an application to the Norwegian government for a demerger of itself. Due to this, Buskerud (except the area forming the defunct municipalities of Røyken and Hurum) was re-established in 2024.
Chowanoc
The Chowanoc, also Chowanoke, were an Algonquian-speaking Native American tribe who historically lived near the Chowan River in North Carolina. At the time of the first English contact in 1580s, they were a large and influential tribe and remained so through the mid-17th century. In 1677, after the Chowanoc War, English colonists set aside a reservation for the tribe near Bennett Creek.

The Chowanoc suffered high mortality due to infectious disease, including a smallpox epidemic in 1696. By 1733 descendants of the Chowanoc had assimilated with the Tuscarora. In 1775, James Adair, an Irish-born trader and historian, noted ‘Chowan’ as a language still spoken within the Catawba Nation in South Carolina. The Chowanoc are academically considered to have ceased to exist as an independent entity by, at the latest, 1820.

Tribe (Native American)
In the United States, an American Indian tribe, Native American tribe, Alaska Native village, Indigenous tribe, or Tribal nation may be any current or historical tribe, band, or nation of Native Americans in the United States. Modern forms of these entities are often associated with land or territory of an Indian reservation. "Federally recognized Indian tribe" is a legal term in United States law with a specific meaning.

A Native American tribe recognized by the United States government possesses tribal sovereignty, a "domestic dependent, sovereign nation" status with the U.S. federal government that is similar to that of a state in some situations, and that of a nation in others, holding a government-to-government relationship with the federal government of the United States.
Karlsdal Chapel
The Karlsdal Chapel (Swedish: Karlsdals kapell) is a chapel in Karlskoga Municipality in Sweden, located in Karlsdal, 15 km (9 mi) north of Karlskoga.

In 1736, Karl Luthman, an ironmaster, applied for permission to build a chapel at Karlsdal because the distance to Karlskoga Church was too far. The chapel building was completed in 1842, and served as the church to the Karlsdal Church Parish until 1922 when it merged with the Karlskoga Church Parish.

Karlskoga Church
The Karlskoga Church (Swedish: Karlskoga kyrka [kaɭˈskûːɡa ˈɕʏ̂rːka]) is a wooden church building in Karlskoga, Sweden. Belonging to the Church of Sweden, the church was inaugurated in the 1600s. It stands as both the oldest building and church in Karlskoga, predating Villa Ekeliden in age.
IMPS College of Engineering and Technology
IMPS College of Engineering and Technology (IMPSCET) is an engineering college located in Uttar Jadupur, Malda, West Bengal, India. The college was established in 2003. It provides engineering, technological and management education. The college is an AICTE-approved institution and is affiliated to the Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology.

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal (MAKAUT, WB), formerly known as West Bengal University of Technology (WBUT), is a public technical university located in Haringhata, West Bengal, India. Established in 2001 by the West Bengal legislature, it is fully funded by the Government of West Bengal. The university provides management and engineering degrees through affiliated colleges and in-house departments.
Stefan Moody
Stefan Tyler Moody (born October 6, 1993) is an American professional basketball player for Karşıyaka Basket of the Basketbol Süper Ligi (BSL). Standing at 1.78 metres (5 feet 10 inches), he plays at the point guard position. After playing one year of college basketball at FAU, one year at Kilgore College and two years at Ole Miss, Moody entered the 2016 NBA draft, but he was not selected in the draft's two rounds.

Karşıyaka Basket
Karşıyaka Basket is a Turkish professional basketball team located in Karşıyaka, İzmir, that competes in the Turkish Basketball Super League. It is a section of the multi-sport club Karşıyaka SK. The team also goes by the name of KSK, which stands for Karşıyaka Spor Kulübü (i.e. Karşıyaka Sport Club).
Latigo (comic strip)
Latigo was a comic strip written and drawn by cartoonist Stan Lynde, who also created the Rick O'Shay comic strip. After a dispute over the ownership of Rick O'Shay with the Chicago Tribune Syndicate, Lynde left and went to Field Enterprises to launch Latigo.

Latigo began on Sunday, June 24, 1979. The daily strip ended on May 7, 1983, followed by the last Sunday strip a month later, on June 5.

Rick O'Shay
Rick O'Shay is a Western comic strip created by Stan Lynde, which debuted as a Sunday strip on April 27, 1958. The daily comic strip began on May 19 of the same year.   It was distributed worldwide through the Chicago Tribune Syndicate. The final Rick O'Shay comic strips written and drawn by Lynde were the daily for 7 May 1977 and the Sunday for July 17, 1977. He left the syndicate after a disagreement. As the syndicate owned the rights to the strip, the popular Rick O'Shay comic strip was continued by others: Marian Dern (writer) and Alfredo Alcala and Mel Keefer (artists). Publication ended on March 8, 1981.
Mia Carragher
Mia Carragher (born 14 May 2004) is an English stage, television, and film actress. Her television roles include The Gathering (2024). In 2025, she was cast as Katniss Everdeen in The Hunger Games: On Stage.

Katniss Everdeen
Katniss Everdeen is a fictional character and the protagonist of The Hunger Games trilogy written by American author Suzanne Collins. She is portrayed by Jennifer Lawrence in the film adaptations of the trilogy.

Katniss and her family live in District 12, a coal-mining region that is the poorest, least populated, and smallest domain in Panem—a dystopian autocratic nation in the ruins of North America, ruled over by the wealthy class living in the Capitol.

In the first book, The Hunger Games, Katniss competes as a "tribute" in a yearly fight to the death known as "The Hunger Games", volunteering to fight in place of her little sister, Primrose "Prim" Everdeen. Over the course of the trilogy, Katniss evolves from protector of her younger sister into a galvanizing symbol of rebellion against the Capitol's oppression. The rebellion against the Capitol is eventually victorious.
Niwen
The Niwen (also known as Einigs Alichji) is a mountain of the Bernese Alps, overlooking the Rhone in the upper canton of Valais. It lies in the massif that separates the valley of Leukerbad from the lower Lötschental and that culminates at the Ferdenrothorn.

Ferdenrothorn
The Ferdenrothorn is a mountain of the Bernese Alps, located between Leukerbad and Ferden in the canton of Valais. It lies south of the Balmhorn and overlooks the Lötschen Pass on its north side. Its east side shows well marked folds.
Macrorhizodus
Macrorhizodus is an extinct genus of mackerel shark which lived from the early Eocene to early Oligocene epoch of the Paleogene period. It is often considered ancestral to Isurus and sometimes considered part of it. Macrorhizodus is also likely ancestral to Cosmopolitodus. It seems to be related to Isurolamna. It is known from isolated teeth and vertebral centra as well as at least two associated dentitions. It is an incredibly widespread shark, known from every continent except Australia. This includes a report from Antarctica.

Cosmopolitodus
Cosmopolitodus is an extinct genus of mackerel shark that lived between thirty and one million years ago during the late Oligocene to the Early Pleistocene epochs. Its type species is Cosmopolitodus hastalis, the broad-tooth mako (other common names include the extinct giant mako and broad-tooth white shark). In 2021, Isurus planus was reassigned to the genus, and thus became the second species C. planus. However, some researchers still consider both species of Cosmopolitodus as species of Carcharodon. A possible third species, C. xiphodon was proposed, though it is now placed as junior synonym of Carcharodon plicatilis.

Its teeth can reach lengths up to 3.5 in (7.5 cm) and are found worldwide. It is believed to be an ancestor to the modern day great white shark, an argument supported by the transitional species Carcharodon hubbelli, but as of 2021, no phylogenetic analyses have been done for proof.
Jedek language
Jedek is an Aslian language from the Austroasiatic family first reported in 2017. Jedek speakers describe themselves as ethnic Menriq or Batek to outsiders, but their language, although very closely related, is distinct from these languages.

Jahai language
Jahai (Jehai) is an aboriginal Mon–Khmer language spoken by the Jahai people living in the montane rainforests of northern Peninsular Malaysia and southernmost Thailand. It is the largest Northern Aslian language. Though spoken by only a little more than 1,000 people, Jahai does not appear to be in immediate danger of extinction due to the prevalence of Jahai parents passing on the language to their children as their mother tongue.

Jahai has a unique vocabulary for describing odors.
60th (2/2nd London) Division
The 60th (2/2nd London) Division was an infantry division of the British Army raised during World War I. It was the second line-formation of the 47th (1/2nd London) Division, and was the second of two such Territorial Force divisions formed from the surplus of London recruits in 1914.

The divisional insignia was a bee.

61st (2nd South Midland) Division
The 61st (2nd South Midland) Division was an infantry division of the British Army raised in 1915 during the Great War as a second-line reserve for the first-line battalions of the 48th (South Midland) Division. The division was sent to the Western Front in May 1916 and served there for the duration of the First World War.
Reform Monument
The Reform Monument is a Category B listed monument on Broad Street, at its junction with Longate, in Peterhead, Scotland, built in 1833. A Roman doric column, it is surmounted by arms of Earl Marischal, inspired by the gateway of Inverugie Castle. (Architectural historian Charles McKean wrote that the arms were "robbed" from the castle.)

The Reform Monument should not be confused with the Reform Tower in the Meethill area of Peterhead, built a year earlier.

Reform Tower, Peterhead
Reform Tower is an historic structure in Meethill, an area to the southwest of the Scottish town of Peterhead, Aberdeenshire. Dating to 1832, it is now a Category B listed building. In five stages, each narrowing slightly, the tower is constructed of squared granite. It was originally designed to be an observatory, but was not completed.

The tower's foundation stone was laid by George Mudie in August 1832. Its architect is not known.
2023 Kansas State Wildcats football team
The 2023 Kansas State Wildcats football team represented Kansas State University in the Big 12 Conference during the 2023 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Wildcats were led by Chris Klieman in his fifth year as their head coach.

They played their home games at Bill Snyder Family Football Stadium in Manhattan, Kansas. The Kansas State Wildcats football team drew an average home attendance of 51,957 in 2023.

Manhattan, Kansas
Manhattan is a city in and the county seat of Riley County, Kansas, United States, although the city extends into Pottawatomie County. It is located in northeastern Kansas at the junction of the Kansas River and Big Blue River. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 54,100.

The city was founded by settlers from the New England Emigrant Aid Company as a Free-State town in the 1850s, during the Bleeding Kansas era. Nicknamed "the Little Apple" as a play on New York City's moniker of the "Big Apple", the city is a college town with a significant student population, because it is home to Kansas State University (KSU).
Letná Formation
The Letná Formation is a Late Ordovician (Sandbian, or in the regional stratigraphy Berounian) geologic formation of the Prague Basin, Bohemian Massif in the Czech Republic. The formation crops out in the Czech capital, more specifically at Letná Hill, after which the formation is named. The type locality is located at Malá Strana, Holešovice district.

The more than 600 metres (2,000 ft) thick formation comprises a rhythmic alternation of sandstones (greywackes and subgreywackes), quartzites, intercalated with siltstones and shales deposited in marine flysch-like environments.

Because of the excellent preservation, including gut remains, of a wide assemblage of early Paleozoic taxa in which trilobites dominate, the formation, which is lean in fossils in many areas but exceptionally rich in what has been interpreted as storm beds, has been designated a Konservat-Lagerstätte.

Flysch
Flysch (/flɪʃ/) is a sequence of sedimentary rock layers that progress from deep-water and turbidity flow deposits to shallow-water shales and sandstones. It is deposited when a deep basin forms rapidly on the continental side of a mountain building episode. Examples are found near the North American Cordillera, the Alps, the Pyrenees and the Carpathians.
Alexandra Kosteniuk
Alexandra Konstantinovna Kosteniuk (Russian: Александра Константиновна Костенюк; born 23 April 1984) is a Russian and Swiss chess grandmaster who was the Women's World Chess Champion from 2008 to 2010 and Women's World Rapid Chess Champion in 2021. She was European women's champion in 2004 and a two-time Russian Women's Chess Champion (in 2005 and 2016). Kosteniuk won the team gold medal playing for Russia at the Women's Chess Olympiads of 2010, 2012 and 2014; the Women's World Team Chess Championship of 2017; and the Women's European Team Chess Championships of 2007, 2009, 2011, 2015 and 2017 and the Women's Chess World Cup 2021. In 2022, due to sanctions imposed on Russian players after the Russian invasion of Ukraine, she switched federations, and as of March 2023 she represents Switzerland.

European Individual Chess Championship
The European Individual Chess Championship is a chess tournament organised by the European Chess Union. It was established in 2000 and has since then taken place on a yearly basis.
Apart from determining the European champions (open and women's), another objective of this tournament is to determine a number of players who qualify for the FIDE World Cup and the FIDE Women's World Cup (formerly the knockout Women's World Championship).