hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are a spectrum of autoimmune diseases characterized by acute inflammation of the optic nerve (optic neuritis, ON) and the spinal cord (myelitis). Episodes of ON and myelitis can be simultaneous or successive. A relapsing disease course is common, especially in untreated patients.

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a particular disease within the NMOSD spectrum. It is characterised by optic neuritis and longitudinally extensive myelitis. In more than 80% of NMO cases, the cause is immunoglobulin G autoantibodies to aquaporin 4 (anti-AQP4), the most abundant water channel protein in the central nervous system.

Less common diseases with other manifestations are also part of the NMOSD spectrum.

Optic nerve
In neuroanatomy, the optic nerve, also known as the second cranial nerve, cranial nerve II, or simply CN II, is a paired cranial nerve that transmits visual information from the retina to the brain. In humans, the optic nerve is derived from optic stalks during the seventh week of development and is composed of retinal ganglion cell axons and glial cells; it extends from the optic disc to the optic chiasma and continues as the optic tract to the lateral geniculate nucleus, pretectal nuclei, and superior colliculus.
Aleksandar Lilov
Aleksandar Vasilev Lilov (Bulgarian: Александър Василев Лилов; 31 August 1933 – 20 July 2013) was a Bulgarian politician and philosopher. At his career's height during the People's Republic of Bulgaria, he was described as the second most powerful man of the regime; however, he fell out of favor in 1983 and lost his power. He made a strong political comeback during the democratic transition and was elected chairman of the Bulgarian Communist Party. He led the party to transform and adapt to the post-Communist era.  A party referendum supported his proposal to change the name to the Bulgarian Socialist Party.

After winning the 1990 Bulgarian Constitutional Assembly election, he did not become prime minister himself, and he eventually supported a multi-party government led by Dimitar Iliev Popov. After losing the 1991 parliamentary elections he stepped down as party leader. In 2001, he retired as MP after having served for 39 years.

Bulgarian Socialist Party
The Bulgarian Socialist Party (BSP), also known as The Centenarian, is a centre-left, social democratic political party in Bulgaria. The BSP is a member of the Socialist International, Party of European Socialists, and Progressive Alliance. Although founded in 1990 in its modern form, it traces its political heritage back to the founding of the BRSDP in 1891. It is also Bulgaria's largest party by membership numbers.
Will Smith (ice hockey)
William (Will) Charles Patrick Smith (born March 17, 2005) is an American professional ice hockey player who is a center for the San Jose Sharks of the National Hockey League (NHL). He played college ice hockey at Boston College. Smith was drafted fourth overall by the Sharks in the 2023 NHL entry draft.

2023 NHL entry draft
The 2023 NHL entry draft was the 61st entry draft for the National Hockey League. The draft was held on June 28–29, 2023, at Bridgestone Arena in Nashville, Tennessee

The first three selections were Connor Bedard by the Chicago Blackhawks, Leo Carlsson by the Anaheim Ducks, and Adam Fantilli by the Columbus Blue Jackets.
Dolo (river)
The Dolo is a mountain stream that rises on the slopes of Mount Cusna in the Reggio-Emilia province, of the Tuscany-Emilia Romagna Apennine Mountains. It is a tributary of the Secchia, and its length is about 21 to 26 kilometres (13 to 16 mi). The Dolo acts as a natural boundary between the provinces of Reggio Emilia and Modena.

About 5 kilometres (3 mi) before entering the Secchia river, the Dragone mountain stream flows into the Dolo.

At the height of Fontanaluccia there is a dam (44°16′39.72″N 10°30′47.95″E﻿ / ﻿44.2777000°N 10.5133194°E﻿ / 44.2777000; 10.5133194) that provides water for a hydroelectric power plant (44°21′42.48″N 10°34′53.35″E﻿ / ﻿44.3618000°N 10.5814861°E﻿ / 44.3618000; 10.5814861) located 14 kilometres (9 mi) downstream in Farneta.

Dolo river near Romanoro

Dolo river seen from the bridge crossing to the nearby village of Morsiano

Secchia
The Secchia (pronounced [ˈsekkja]; Emilian: Sècia; called by Pliny Gabellus) is an Italian river. One of the main right bank tributaries of the Po, it flows through the Emilia-Romagna region in northern Italy.

It is 172 kilometres (107 mi) long, and has a drainage basin with a catchment area of 2,292 square kilometres (885 mi2), alternating between aridity in the dry summer months and higher flows during the wet spring and autumn periods. It originates at Alpe di Succiso at an elevation of 2,017 metres (6,617 ft), close to the pass of Cerreto in the Tuscan-Emilian Apennines, then it heads north, touching on the territory of Frignano, passing into the territory of the commune of Pavullo nel Frignano and reaching the Po Valley close to Sassuolo (in the province of Modena). Here it touches on the city of Modena and, with its riverbank protected by embankments, runs into the Po just south of Mantua, close to the mouth of the Mincio.
Sonnenjoch
The Sonnenjoch is a mountain in the Kitzbühel Alps in Tyrol, Austria. The summit has a height of  2,287 m (AA)

The Sonnenjoch (also Sonnjoch) lies between Alpbachtal, Wildschönau and Kelchsau. Its summit borders on three  Tirolean districts (Kitzbühel, Kufstein, Schwaz) and five municipalities also meet here (Alpbach, Hart im Zillertal, Hopfgarten im Brixental, Stummerberg and Wildschönau).

The Sonnenjoch is, in contrast with its northern neighbour, the Großer Beil, less frequently climbed. The most popular climbing routes run from the Schönangeralm in the Wildschönau along the Kastensteig (waterfalls), on to Gressenalm and from there to the summit.
In winter this mountains is a popular ski touring summit.

Großer Beil
The Großer Beil, is a 2,309 m (AA) high mountain at the head of the Wildschönau valley in the Austrian state of Tyrol. It belongs to the Kitzbühel Alps and is the highest summit on the ridge that separates the Wildschönau from the neighbouring valley of the Alpbach to the west. Around 500 metres north is the 2,189 m high Seekopf and a further 500 metres beyond that is the Kleine Beil at 2,197 m. The next mountain to the south is the 2,216 m high Gressenstein. On the other side of the valley is the Wildkarspitze (1,961 m).

The Großer Beil is a popular hiking mountain and may be reached on marked trails from the north or south. The usual start point is the Schönangeralm (1,173 m) at the head of the Wildschönau valley behind Auffach. In winter the Großer Beil is a popular ski tour.

The name of the mountain is not derived from the German word Beil (="hatchet") but from a dialect word for a place near which animals are held during a hunt.
A Window for Death
"A Window for Death" is a Nero Wolfe mystery novella by Rex Stout, first published as "Nero Wolfe and the Vanishing Clue" in the May 1956 issue of The American Magazine. It first appeared in book form in the short-story collection Three for the Chair, published by the Viking Press in 1957.

Viking Press
Viking Press (formally Viking Penguin, also listed as Viking Books) is an American publishing company owned by Penguin Random House. It was founded in New York City on March 1, 1925, by Harold K. Guinzburg and George S. Oppenheimer and then acquired by the Penguin Group in 1975.

The publisher's name and logo, a Viking ship drawn by Rockwell Kent, were chosen as symbols of enterprise, adventure, and exploration in publishing.

Viking Press was sold to Penguin Books in 1975 for $12 million due to the publishing house's monetary difficulties. These were speculated to have been caused by the shrinkage in the juvenile market and Viking Press' lack of a textbook division.
L. Donald Shields
Loran Donald Shields (born September 18, 1936) is an American academic. He was the president of California State University, Fullerton from 1971 to 1980, and of Southern Methodist University from 1980 to 1986.

California State University, Fullerton
California State University, Fullerton (CSUF or Cal State Fullerton) is a public research university in Fullerton, California, United States. With a total enrollment of more than 41,000, it has the largest student body of the California State University (CSU) system, and its graduate student body of more than 5,000 is one of the largest in the CSU and in all of California. As of fall 2016, the school had 2,083 faculty, of whom 782 were on the tenure track. The university offers 109 degree programs: 55 undergraduate degrees and 54 graduate degrees, including 3 doctoral programs.

Cal State Fullerton is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity". It is also a Hispanic-Serving Institution (HSI) and is eligible to be designated as an Asian American Native American Pacific Islander Serving Institution (AANAPISI).

CSUF athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are collectively known as the CSUF Titans. They compete in the Big West Conference.
Palaeochiropterygidae
Palaeochiropterygidae is a family of extinct bats. It was originally erected by the Swiss naturalist Pierre Revilliod in 1917 after discoveries of Palaeochiropteryx fossils from the Messel Pit of Germany. Palaeochiropterygidae was merged into Archaeonycteridae by Kurten and Anderson in 1980, but modern authorities specializing in bat fossils maintain the distinction between the two. It was classified to the unranked clade Microchiropteramorpha by Smith et al. in 2007.

They existed from the Ypresian to the Lutetian ages of the Middle Eocene epoch (55.8 to 40.4 million years ago).

Messel Pit
The Messel Pit is a fossil preservation site in Hesse, central Germany, dated to the Eocene epoch (about 47 Ma). The fossil-bearing rock unit is a geologic formation named the Messel Formation; its geographic range is restricted to the Messel pit. There, the formation unconformably overlies crystalline Variscan basement and its Permian cover (Rotliegend) as well as Eocene volcanic breccias derived from the basement rocks. The formation mainly comprises lacustrine laminated bituminous shale ("oil shale") renowned for its content of fossils in exceptional preservation, particularly plants, arthropods and vertebrates (e.g. Darwinius masillae).
Liv On
Liv On is a collaborative album created by Amy Sky, Olivia Newton-John and Beth Nielsen Chapman. The goal behind the album was to "create songs with a message of compassion and hope. They are for anyone facing a time of challenge in their life, whether it is grieving a loss – or on the journey to health and recovery." The album debuted at number 72 in Australia.

Amy Sky
Amy Sky (born 24 September 1960) is a Canadian singer-songwriter, record producer, theatre actress, and television host. Sky started classical music lessons at the age of five, and plays piano, guitar, cello and recorder. She has a degree from the University of Toronto in music theory and composition. In 1983, Sky was signed as a staff songwriter to MCA Music Nashville, and subsequently to Warner-Chappell Music in Los Angeles, EMI Music Los Angeles, and Warner-Chappell Music Germany. As a writer she has penned songs for many artists including Diana Ross, Anne Murray, Olivia Newton-John, Reba McEntire, Belinda Carlisle, Aaron Neville, Heart, Cyndi Lauper, Mark Masri, Roch Voisine, and Sheena Easton.
1 euro cent coin
The 1 euro cent coin (€0.01) has a value of one hundredth of a euro and is composed of copper-covered steel. It is the lowest-value coin in the Eurozone; the next lowest are the 2 and 5 euro cent coins. All euro coins have a common reverse and a country-specific (national) obverse. The coin has been used since 2002 and was not redesigned in 2007 as was the case with the higher-value coins.

2 euro cent coin
The 2 euro cent coin (€0.02) has a value of one fiftieth of a euro and is composed of copper-plated steel. All euro coins have a common reverse and country-specific (national) obverse. The coin has been used since 2002 and was not redesigned in 2007 as were the higher-value coins.
Vincent Price (song)
"Vincent Price" is a song by English rock band Deep Purple. Featured on their 19th studio album, titled Now What?!, the track is both the second single from the album and the last track on it. The band confirmed the single's release on 6 May 2013, sending messages via their official webpage and Facebook account.

Featuring a hard rock and progressive metal inspired style, reminiscent of past horror films, the song came out on the following day. The group made it available as a digital download, as an expanded CD release, and as a seven-inch transparent vinyl record. The band created a music video for the track, their first official video as such in seventeen years, and it soon received distribution through various music related publications, Blabbermouth.net being an example. In terms of songwriting, all of the then current band-members (Don Airey, Ian Gillan, Roger Glover, Steve Morse, and Ian Paice) helped to compose the track alongside producer Bob Ezrin.

Steve Morse
Steve J. Morse (born July 28, 1954) is an American guitarist and songwriter. A seven-time Grammy nominee, he is best known as the founder of the Dixie Dregs and as the longest serving guitarist for Deep Purple. Morse also enjoyed a successful solo career and was a member of the group Kansas in the mid-1980s. Most recently, Morse became a member of the supergroup Flying Colors.
Southern Sidama Zone
Southern Sidama Zone (Amharic: ደቡባዊ ሲዳማ ዞን) is an administrative zone in Sidama Region. The zone was established after two years later from the establishment of the Sidama region. Southern Sidama Zone is established in August 2022 up on resolution passed by Sidama regional state council.  Southern Sidama is bordered on the south by the Oromia region and Gedeo Zone, on the east by the Eastern Sidama Zone, on the north by the Northern Sidama Zone on the west by Oromia region. The administrative centre of Southern Sidama Zone is Aleta Wendo.

Eastern Sidama Zone
Eastern Sidama is an administrative zone in Sidama Region. The zone is established up on resolution passed by Sidama regional state council at its third round meeting of the first year in 2022. Up on the establishment of the zone, the president of Sidama Region Desta Ledamo said that the name given to the zone Eastern Sidama is not intended to infer the location or direction of the zone, it also to avoid conflicts that may arise between the tribes in the region. Eastern Sidama is bordered on the south and north by Oromia region, on the north, south and east by the Oromia region and west by the Central Sidama Zone. The administrative centre of Northern Sidama Zone is Daye Bensa.
The Snorkel
The Snorkel is a 1958 British horror thriller film directed by Guy Green and starring Peter van Eyck, Betta St. John and Mandy Miller. It was a Hammer Films production, and the last film role for Miller.

Peter van Eyck
Peter van Eyck (born Götz Walter Wolfgang von Eick; 16 July 1911 – 15 July 1969) was a German and American actor. Born in Prussian Pomerania, he moved to the United States in the 1930s and established a career as a character actor. After World War II, he returned to his native country and became a leading man in West German cinema.

Internationally, his best known roles included The Wages of Fear (1953), Mr. Arkadin (1955), The Longest Day (1962), The Spy Who Came In from the Cold (1965), and the 1960s Dr. Mabuse films. He was twice nominated for the German Film Award for Best Actor, for Blind Justice (1961) and for The River Line (1964).
John Anthony Schellman
John Anthony Schellman (October 24, 1924–December 16, 2014) was an American  biophysical chemist at the University of Oregon, a member of the National Academy of Sciences, a  Biophysical Society Fellow, and an American Physical Society Fellow.

Biophysical Society
The Biophysical Society is an international scientific society whose purpose is to lead the development and dissemination of knowledge in biophysics. Founded in 1958, the Society currently consists of over 7,000 members in academia, government, and industry. Although the Society is based in the United States, it is an international organization. Overseas members currently comprise over one third of the total.
Argentine Declaration of Independence
The Independence of the Argentine Republic (or La Independencia de Argentina in Spanish) was declared on July 9, 1816, by the Congress of Tucumán. In reality, the congressmen who were assembled in Tucumán declared the independence of the United Provinces of South America, which is one of the official names of the Argentine Republic. The Federal League Provinces, at war with the United Provinces, were not allowed into the Congress. At the same time, several provinces from the Upper Peru that would later become part of present-day Bolivia, were represented at the Congress.

Upper Peru
Upper Peru (Spanish: Alto Perú; Portuguese: Alto Peru) is a name for the land that was governed by the Real Audiencia of Charcas. The name originated in Buenos Aires towards the end of the 18th century after the Audiencia of Charcas was transferred from the Viceroyalty of Peru to the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata in 1776. It comprised the governorships of Potosí, La Paz, Cochabamba, Chiquitos, Moxos and Charcas (since renamed Sucre).

Following the Bolivian War of Independence, the region became an independent country and was renamed Bolivia in honor of Simón Bolívar.
Calico (video game)
Calico is a life simulation game developed by Peachy Keen Games and published by Whitethorn Games and Maple Whispering.  Players manage a cat café on a magical island.  It is non-violent and features simple tasks.  It was crowdfunded in 2019 and released for personal computers and various consoles in 2020.  The game received mixed reviews, with much of the criticism being directed toward its bugs.

Cat café
A cat café is a theme café whose attraction is cats who can be watched and played with. Patrons pay a cover fee, generally hourly, and thus cat cafés can be seen as a form of supervised indoor pet rental.
Michael Del Zotto
Michael Del Zotto (born June 24, 1990) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman. He was drafted in the first round, 20th overall, by the New York Rangers at the 2008 NHL entry draft. He played in the NHL for the Rangers, Nashville Predators, Philadelphia Flyers, Vancouver Canucks, Anaheim Ducks, St. Louis Blues, Columbus Blue Jackets, and the Ottawa Senators. Del Zotto won the Stanley Cup in 2019 with St. Louis.

2008 NHL entry draft
The 2008 NHL entry draft was the 46th entry draft for the National Hockey League. It was hosted by the Ottawa Senators at Scotiabank Place in Ottawa, Ontario, on June 20–21, 2008. The Senators were originally awarded the 2005 NHL entry draft, but because of the lockout, that draft was scaled back significantly from its usual format of being open to the public and having many draft-eligible players in attendance. The actual 2005 drafting was held in Ottawa's Westin Hotel instead of the Corel Centre. As a result of 2005's abridged draft, Ottawa was compensated with the 2008 draft.

As of 2025, there are 19 active NHL players from this draft.
Ron Hassey
Ronald William Hassey (born February 27, 1953) is an American former professional baseball player. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a catcher for the Cleveland Indians (1978–1984), Chicago Cubs (1984), New York Yankees (1985–1986), Chicago White Sox (1986–1987), Oakland Athletics (1988–1990), and Montreal Expos (1991). Hassey is notable for being the only catcher in MLB history to have caught more than one perfect game (his first was with Len Barker in 1981  and his second with Dennis Martínez in 1991). Hassey joined Gus Triandos as the only catchers in MLB history to have caught a no-hitter in both leagues.

Gus Triandos
Gus Triandos (July 30, 1930 – March 28, 2013) was an American professional baseball player and scout. He played in Major League Baseball as a catcher and a first baseman, most prominently as a member of the Baltimore Orioles where he was a four-time All-Star player. He also played for the New York Yankees and the Detroit Tigers of the American League (AL) and the Philadelphia Phillies and Houston Astros of the National League (NL). In 1981, he was inducted into the Baltimore Orioles Hall of Fame. Triandos is notable for being the first catcher in MLB history to catch a no-hitter in both the American League and the National League, catching a no-hitter by Hoyt Wilhelm in 1958 while on the Orioles in the AL and Jim Bunning's perfect game while on the Phillies in the NL.
Sing Sing (1983 film)
Sing Sing is a 1983 Italian comedy film directed by Sergio Corbucci. It stars
Adriano Celentano, Enrico Montesano and the British actress, Vanessa Redgrave. It was released in Italy on 15 October 1983.

Adriano Celentano
Adriano Celentano (Italian: [adriˈaːno tʃelenˈtaːno]; born 6 January 1938) is an Italian singer-songwriter, actor, showman, and filmmaker. He is dubbed Il Molleggiato ('the springy one') because of his energetic dancing.

Celentano's many albums frequently enjoyed both commercial and critical success. With around 150 million records sold worldwide, he is one of  the best-selling Italian musical artists.  Often credited as the author of both the music and lyrics of his songs, according to his wife Claudia Mori, some were written in collaboration with others. Due to his prolific career, both in Italy and abroad, he is considered one of the pillars of Italian music.

Celentano is recognized for being particularly perceptive of changes in the music business and is credited for having introduced rock and roll to Italy. As an actor, Celentano has appeared in 39 films, mostly comedies.
St. Clair County Courthouse (Illinois)
The St. Clair County Courthouse is a government building in Belleville, the county seat of St. Clair County, Illinois, United States. Built in 1976, it is the fifth courthouse in the history of the county, and one of two that still stands.

Belleville, Illinois
Belleville is a city in St. Clair County, Illinois, United States, and its county seat. It is a southeastern suburb of St. Louis. The population was 42,404 at the 2020 census, making it the most populated city in the Metro East region of Greater St. Louis, and in all of Southern Illinois south of Springfield. Due to its proximity to Scott Air Force Base, the city has a significant population of military and federal civilian personnel. It is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Belleville and home to the National Shrine of Our Lady of the Snows.